\HeaderA{LetterRecognition}{Letter Image Recognition Data}{LetterRecognition}
\keyword{datasets}{LetterRecognition}
\begin{Description}\relax
The objective is to identify each of a large number of black-and-white
rectangular pixel displays as one of the 26 capital letters in the English
alphabet.  The character images were based on 20 different fonts and each
letter within these 20 fonts was randomly distorted to produce a file of
20,000 unique stimuli.  Each stimulus was converted into 16 primitive
numerical attributes (statistical moments and edge counts) which were then
scaled to fit into a range of integer values from 0 through 15.  We
typically train on the first 16000 items and then use the resulting model
to predict the letter category for the remaining 4000.  See the article
cited below for more details.
\end{Description}
\begin{Usage}
\begin{verbatim}data(LetterRecognition)\end{verbatim}
\end{Usage}
\begin{Format}\relax
A data frame with 20,000 observations on 17 variables, the first
is a factor with levels A-Z, the remaining 16 are numeric.

\Tabular{rll}{
[,1] & lettr &  capital letter\\{}
[,2] & x.box &  horizontal position of box\\{}
[,3] & y.box &  vertical position of box\\{}
[,4] & width &  width of box\\{}
[,5] & high  &  height of box\\{}
[,6] & onpix &  total number of on pixels\\{}
[,7] & x.bar &  mean x of on pixels in box\\{}
[,8] & y.bar &  mean y of on pixels in box\\{}
[,9] & x2bar &  mean x variance\\{}
[,10] & y2bar &  mean y variance\\{}
[,11] & xybar &  mean x y correlation\\{}
[,12] & x2ybr &  mean of \eqn{x^2 y}{} \\{}
[,13] & xy2br &  mean of \eqn{x y^2}{} \\{}
[,14] & x.ege &  mean edge count left to right\\{}
[,15] & xegvy &  correlation of x.ege with y\\{}
[,16] & y.ege &  mean edge count bottom to top\\{}
[,17] & yegvx &  correlation of y.ege with x\\
}
\end{Format}
\begin{Source}\relax
\Itemize{
\item Creator: David J. Slate
\item Odesta Corporation; 1890 Maple Ave; Suite 115; Evanston, IL 60201
\item Donor: David J. Slate (dave@math.nwu.edu) (708) 491-3867   
}
These data have been taken from the UCI Repository Of Machine Learning
Databases at
\Itemize{
\item \url{ftp://ftp.ics.uci.edu/pub/machine-learning-databases}
\item \url{http://www.ics.uci.edu/~mlearn/MLRepository.html}
}
and were converted to R format by Friedrich.Leisch@ci.tuwien.ac.at.
\end{Source}
\begin{References}\relax
P. W. Frey and D. J. Slate (Machine Learning Vol 6/2 March 91):
"Letter Recognition Using Holland-style Adaptive Classifiers".

The research for this article investigated the ability of several
variations of Holland-style adaptive classifier systems to learn to
correctly guess the letter categories associated with vectors of 16
integer attributes extracted from raster scan images of the letters.
The best accuracy obtained was a little over 80\%.  It would be
interesting to see how well other methods do with the same data.
\end{References}

