cosineNorm {batchelor} | R Documentation

## Cosine normalization

### Description

Perform cosine normalization on the column vectors of an expression matrix.

### Usage

    cosineNorm(
      x,
      mode = c("matrix", "all", "l2norm"),
      subset.row = NULL,
      BPPARAM = SerialParam()
    )

### Arguments

`x` | A gene expression matrix with cells as columns and genes as rows.
`mode` | A string specifying the output to be returned.
`subset.row` | A vector specifying which features to use to compute the L2 norm.
`BPPARAM` | A BiocParallelParam object specifying how parallelization is to be performed. Only used when `x` is a DelayedArray object.

### Details

Cosine normalization removes scaling differences between expression vectors. In the context of batch correction, this is usually applied to remove differences between batches that are normalized separately. For example, `fastMNN` uses this function on the log-expression vectors by default.

Technically, separate normalization introduces scaling differences in the normalized expression, which should manifest as a shift in the log-transformed expression. However, in practice, single-cell data will contain many small counts (where the log function is near-linear) or many zeroes (which remain zero when the pseudo-count is 1). In these applications, scaling differences due to separate normalization are better represented as scaling differences in the log-transformed values.

If applied to the raw count vectors, cosine normalization is similar to library size-related (i.e., L1) normalization. However, we recommend using dedicated methods for computing size factors to normalize raw count data.

While the default is to directly return the cosine-normalized matrix, it may occasionally be desirable to obtain the L2 norm, e.g., to apply an equivalent normalization to other matrices. This can be achieved by setting `mode` accordingly.

The function will return a DelayedMatrix if `x` is a DelayedMatrix. This aims to delay the calculation of cosine-normalized values for very large matrices.

### Value

If `mode="matrix"`, a double-precision matrix of the same dimensions as `X` is returned, containing cosine-normalized values.

If `mode="l2norm"`, a double-precision vector is returned containing the L2 norm for each cell.

If `mode="all"`, a named list is returned containing the fields `"matrix"` and `"l2norm"`, which are as described above.

### Author(s)

Aaron Lun

### See Also

`mnnCorrect` and `fastMNN`, where this function gets used.

### Examples

    A <- matrix(rnorm(1000), nrow=10)
    str(cosineNorm(A))
    str(cosineNorm(A, mode="l2norm"))

[Package batchelor version 1.8.1 Index]