genotypeMatrix-methods {podkat} | R Documentation

## Constructors for Creating `GenotypeMatrix` Objects

### Description

Create `GenotypeMatrix` object from (sparse) matrix object and positions of variants

### Usage

    ## S4 method for signature 'ANY,GRanges,missing'
    genotypeMatrix(Z, pos, seqnames,
           ploidy=2, na.string=NULL, na.limit=1, MAF.limit=1,
           na.action=c("impute.major", "omit", "fail"),
           MAF.action=c("invert", "omit", "ignore", "fail"),
           sex=NULL)
    ## S4 method for signature 'ANY,numeric,character'
    genotypeMatrix(Z, pos, seqnames, ...)
    ## S4 method for signature 'ANY,character,missing'
    genotypeMatrix(Z, pos, seqnames, ...)
    ## S4 method for signature 'ANY,missing,missing'
    genotypeMatrix(Z, pos, seqnames, subset,
           noIndels=TRUE, onlyPass=TRUE, sex=NULL, ...)
    ## S4 method for signature 'eSet,numeric,character'
    genotypeMatrix(Z, pos, seqnames, ...)
    ## S4 method for signature 'eSet,character,missing'
    genotypeMatrix(Z, pos, seqnames, ...)
    ## S4 method for signature 'eSet,character,character'
    genotypeMatrix(Z, pos, seqnames, ...)

### Arguments

`Z` | an object of class `dgCMatrix`, a numeric matrix, a character matrix, an object of class `VCF`, or an object of class `eSet` (see details below)
`pos` | an object of class `GRanges`, a numeric vector, or a character vector (see details below)
`seqnames` | a character vector (see details below)
`ploidy` | determines the ploidy of the genome for the computation of minor allele frequencies (MAFs) and the possible inversion of columns with an MAF exceeding 0.5; the elements of `Z` may not exceed this value.
`subset` | a numeric vector with indices or a character vector with names of samples to restrict to
`na.limit` | all columns with a missing value ratio above this threshold will be omitted from the output object.
`MAF.limit` | all columns with an MAF above this threshold will be omitted from the output object.
`na.action` | if “impute.major”, all missing values will be imputed by major alleles in the output object. If “omit”, all columns containing missing values will be omitted in the output object. If “fail”, the function stops with an error if `Z` contains any missing values.
`MAF.action` | if “invert”, all columns with an MAF exceeding 0.5 will be inverted in the sense that all minor alleles will be replaced by major alleles and vice versa. For numerical `Z`, this is accomplished by subtracting the column from the ploidy value. If “omit”, all columns with an MAF greater than 0.5 are omitted in the output object. If “ignore”, no action is taken and MAFs greater than 0.5 are kept as they are. If “fail”, the function stops with an error if `Z` contains any column with an MAF greater than 0.5.
`noIndels` | if `TRUE` (default), only single nucleotide variants (SNVs) are considered and indels are skipped; only works if the `ALT` column is present in the `VCF` object `Z`, otherwise a warning is shown and the `noIndels` argument is ignored.
`onlyPass` | if `TRUE` (default), only variants are considered whose value in the `FILTER` column is “PASS”; only works if the `FILTER` column is present in the `VCF` object `Z`, otherwise a warning is shown and the `onlyPass` argument is ignored.
`na.string` | if not `NULL`, all “.” entries in the character matrix or `VCF` genotype are replaced with this string before parsing the matrix.
`sex` | if `NULL`, all rows of `Z` are treated the same without any modifications; if `sex` is a factor with levels `F` (female) and `M` (male) that is as long as `Z` has rows, this argument is interpreted as the sex of the samples. In this case, the rows corresponding to male samples are doubled before further processing. This is designed for mixed-sex analyses of the X chromosome outside of the pseudoautosomal regions.
`...` | all additional arguments are passed on internally to the `genotypeMatrix` method with signature `ANY,GRanges,missing`.

### Details

This method provides different ways of constructing an object of class `GenotypeMatrix` from other types of objects. The typical case is when a matrix object is combined with positional information. The first three variants listed above work with `Z` being a `dgCMatrix` object, a numeric matrix, or a character matrix.

If `Z` is a `dgCMatrix` object or a matrix, rows are interpreted as samples and columns are interpreted as variants. For `dgCMatrix` objects and numeric matrices, matrix entries are interpreted as the numbers of minor alleles (with 0 meaning only major alleles). In this case, minor allele frequencies (MAFs) are computed as column sums divided by the number of alleles, i.e. the number of samples/rows multiplied by the `ploidy` parameter. If `Z` is a character matrix, the matrix entries need to comply to the format of the “GT” field in VCF files. MAFs are computed as the actual relative frequency of minor alleles among all alleles in a column. For a diploid genome, therefore, this results in the same MAF estimate as mentioned above. However, some VCF readers, most importantly `readVcf` from the VariantAnnotation package, replace missing genotypes by a single “.” even for non-haploid genomes, which would result in a wrong MAF estimate. To correct for this, the `na.string` parameter is available. If not `NULL`, all “.” entries in the matrix are replaced by `na.string` before parsing the matrix. The correct setting for a diploid genome would be “./.”.

Positional information can be passed to the function in three different ways:

- by supplying a `GRanges` object as `pos` argument and omitting the `seqnames` argument,

- by supplying a numeric vector of positions as `pos` argument and sequence/chromosome names as `seqnames` argument, or

- by supplying a character vector with entries of the format “seqname:pos” as `pos` argument and omitting the `seqnames` argument.

In all three cases, the lengths of the arguments `pos` and `seqnames` (if not omitted) must match the number of columns of `Z`.

If the arguments `pos` and `seqnames` are not specified, argument `Z` can (and must) be an object of class `VCF` (cf. package VariantAnnotation). In this case, the `genotypeMatrix` method extracts both the genotype matrix and positional information directly from the `VCF` object. Consequently, the `VCF` object `Z` must contain genotype information. If so, the genotype matrix is parsed and converted as described above for character matrices. Moreover, indels and variants that did not pass all quality filters can be skipped (see description of arguments `noIndels` and `onlyPass` above).

For all variants, filters in terms of missing values and MAFs can be applied. Moreover, variants with MAFs greater than 0.5 can filtered out or inverted. For details, see descriptions of parameters `na.limit`, `MAF.limit`, `na.action`, and `MAF.action` above.

For convenience, `genotypeMatrix` also allows for converting SNP genotype matrices stored in `eSet` objects, e.g. `SnpSet` objects or `SnpSetIllumina` objects (cf. package beadarraySNP). If `genotypeMatrix` is called with an `eSet` object as first argument `Z`, the method first checks whether there is a slot `call` in `assayData(Z)` and whether it is a matrix. If so, this matrix is interpreted as follows: 1 corresponds to genotype “AA”, 2 corresponds to the genotype “Aa”, and 3 corresponds to the genotype “aa”, where “A” is the major allele and “a” is the minor allele. If `pos` is a numeric vector and `seqnames` is a character vector or if `pos` is a character vector and `seqnames` is missing, then these two arguments are interpreted as described above. However, if `pos` and `seqnames` are both single strings (character vectors of length 1), then `pos` is interpreted as the name of the feature data column that contains positional information and `seqnames` is interpreted as the feature data column that contains the chromosome on which each variant is located. Correspondingly, `featureData(Z)[[pos]]` must be available and must be a numeric vector. Correspondingly, `featureData(Z)[[seqnames]]` must be available and must be a character vector (or a data type that can be cast to a character vector).

### Value

returns an object of class `GenotypeMatrix`

### Author(s)

Ulrich Bodenhofer bodenhofer@bioinf.jku.at

### References

http://www.bioinf.jku.at/software/podkat

http://www.1000genomes.org/wiki/analysis/variant-call-format/vcf-variant-call-format-version-42

Obenchain, V., Lawrence, M., Carey, V., Gogarten, S., Shannon, P., and Morgan, M. (2014) VariantAnnotation: a Bioconductor package for exploration and annotation of genetic variants. Bioinformatics 30, 2076-2078.

### See Also

`GenotypeMatrix`, `dgCMatrix`, `GRanges`

### Examples

    ## create a toy example
    A <- matrix(rbinom(50, 2, prob=0.2), 5, 10)
    sA <- as(A, "dgCMatrix")
    pos <- sort(sample(1:10000, ncol(A)))
    seqname <- "chr1"

    ## variant with 'GRanges' object
    gr <- GRanges(seqnames=seqname, ranges=IRanges(start=pos, width=1))
    gtm <- genotypeMatrix(A, gr)
    gtm
    as.matrix(gtm)
    variantInfo(gtm)
    MAF(gtm)

    ## variant with 'pos' and 'seqnames' object
    genotypeMatrix(sA, pos, seqname)

    ## variant with 'seqname:pos' strings passed through 'pos' argument
    spos <- paste(seqname, pos, sep=":")
    spos
    genotypeMatrix(sA, spos)

    ## read data from VCF file using 'readVcf()' from the 'VariantAnnotation'
    ## package
    if (require(VariantAnnotation))
    {
        vcfFile <- system.file("examples/example1.vcf.gz", package="podkat")
        sp <- ScanVcfParam(info=NA, genome="GT", fixed=c("ALT", "FILTER"))
        vcf <- readVcf(vcfFile, genome="hgA", param=sp)
        rowRanges(vcf)

        ## call constructor for 'VCF' object
        gtm <- genotypeMatrix(vcf)
        gtm
        variantInfo(gtm)

        ## alternatively, extract information from 'VCF' object and use
        ## variant with character matrix and 'GRanges' positions
        ## note that, in 'VCF' objects, rows correspond to variants and
        ## columns correspond to samples, therefore, we have to transpose the
        ## genotype
        gt <- t(geno(vcf)$GT)
        gt[1:5, 1:5]
        gr <- rowRanges(vcf)
        gtm <- genotypeMatrix(gt, gr)
        as.matrix(gtm[1:20, 1:5, recomputeMAF=TRUE])
    }

[Package podkat version 1.22.0 Index]