calculatePvalues {derfinder} | R Documentation

## Calculate p-values and identify regions

### Description

First, this function finds the regions of interest according to specified cutoffs. Then it permutes the samples and re-calculates the F-statistics. The area of the statistics from these segments are then used to calculate p-values for the original regions.

### Usage

    calculatePvalues(
      coveragePrep,
      models,
      fstats,
      nPermute = 1L,
      seeds = as.integer(gsub("-", "", Sys.Date())) + seq_len(nPermute),
      chr,
      cutoff = quantile(fstats, 0.99, na.rm = TRUE),
      significantCut = c(0.05, 0.1),
      lowMemDir = NULL,
      smooth = FALSE,
      weights = NULL,
      smoothFunction = bumphunter::locfitByCluster,
      ...
    )

### Arguments

`coveragePrep` | A list with `$coverageProcessed`, `$mclapplyIndex`, and `$position` normally generated using preprocessCoverage.
`models` | A list with `$mod` and `$mod0` normally generated using makeModels.
`fstats` | A numerical Rle with the F-statistics normally generated using calculateStats.
`nPermute` | The number of permutations. Note that for a full chromosome, a small amount (10) of permutations is sufficient. If set to 0, no permutations are performed and thus no null regions are used, however, the `$regions` component is created.
`seeds` | An integer vector of length `nPermute` specifying the seeds to be used for each permutation. If `NULL` no seeds are used.
`chr` | A single element character vector specifying the chromosome name. This argument is passed to findRegions.
`cutoff` | F-statistic cutoff to use to determine segments.
`significantCut` | A vector of length two specifiying the cutoffs used to determine significance. The first element is used to determine significance for the P-values, while the second element is used for the Q-values (FDR adjusted P-values).
`lowMemDir` | The directory where the processed chunks are saved when using preprocessCoverage with a specified `lowMemDir`.
`smooth` | Whether to smooth the F-statistics (`fstats`) or not. This is by default `FALSE`. For RNA-seq data we recommend using `FALSE`.
`weights` | Weights used by the smoother as described in smoother.
`smoothFunction` | A function to be used for smoothing the F-statistics. Two functions are provided by the `bumphunter` package: loessByCluster and runmedByCluster. If you are using your own custom function, it has to return a named list with an element called `$fitted` that contains the smoothed F-statistics and an element claled `$smoothed` that is a logical vector indicating whether the F-statistics were smoothed or not. If they are not smoothed, the original values will be used.
`...` | Arguments passed to other methods and/or advanced arguments. Advanced arguments: verbose If `TRUE` basic status updates will be printed along the way. scalefac This argument is passed to fstats.apply and should be the same as the one used in preprocessCoverage. Default: 32. method Has to be either 'Matrix' (default), 'Rle' or 'regular'. See details in fstats.apply. adjustF A single value to adjust that is added in the denominator of the F-stat calculation. Useful when the Residual Sum of Squares of the alternative model is very small. Default: 0. writeOutput If `TRUE` then the regions are saved before calculating q-values, and then overwritten once the q-values are written. This argument was introduced to save the results from the permutations (can take some time) to investigate the problem described at https://support.bioconductor.org/p/62026/ maxRegionGap Passed to internal functions of findRegions. Default: 0. Passed to findRegions, `smoothFunction` and define_cluster.

### Value

A list with four components:

regions

  is a GRanges with metadata columns given by findRegions with the additional metadata column `pvalues`: p-value of the region calculated via permutations of the samples; `qvalues`: the qvalues calculated using qvalue; `significant`: whether the p-value is less than 0.05 (by default); `significantQval`: whether the q-value is less than 0.10 (by default). It also includes the mean coverage of the region (mean from the mean coverage at each base calculated in preprocessCoverage). Furthermore, if `groupInfo` was not `NULL` in preprocessCoverage, then the group mean coverage is calculated as well as the log 2 fold change (using group 1 as the reference).

nullStats

  is a numeric Rle with the mean of the null statistics by segment.

nullWidths

  is a numeric Rle with the length of each of the segments in the null distribution. The area can be obtained by multiplying the absolute `nullstats` by the corresponding lengths.

nullPermutation

  is a Rle with the permutation number from which the null region originated from.

### Author(s)

Leonardo Collado-Torres

### See Also

findRegions, fstats.apply, qvalue

### Examples

    ## Collapse the coverage information
    collapsedFull <- collapseFullCoverage(list(genomeData$coverage),
        verbose = TRUE
    )

    ## Calculate library size adjustments
    sampleDepths <- sampleDepth(collapsedFull, probs = c(0.5), verbose = TRUE)

    ## Build the models
    group <- genomeInfo$pop
    adjustvars <- data.frame(genomeInfo$gender)
    models <- makeModels(sampleDepths, testvars = group, adjustvars = adjustvars)

    ## Preprocess the data
    ## Automatic chunksize used to then compare 1 vs 4 cores in the 'do not run'
    ## section
    prep <- preprocessCoverage(genomeData,
        groupInfo = group, cutoff = 0,
        scalefac = 32, chunksize = NULL, colsubset = NULL, mc.cores = 4
    )

    ## Get the F statistics
    fstats <- genomeFstats

    ## We recommend determining the cutoff to use based on the F-distribution
    ## although you could also based it on the observed F-statistics.

    ## In this example we use a low cutoff used for illustrative purposes
    cutoff <- 1

    ## Calculate the p-values and define the regions of interest.
    regsWithP <- calculatePvalues(prep, models, fstats,
        nPermute = 1, seeds = 1,
        chr = "chr21", cutoff = cutoff, mc.cores = 1, method = "regular"
    )
    regsWithP
    ## Not run:
    ## Calculate again, but with 10 permutations instead of just 1
    regsWithP <- calculatePvalues(prep, models, fstats,
        nPermute = 10, seeds = 1:10,
        chr = "chr21", cutoff = cutoff, mc.cores = 2, method = "regular"
    )

    ## Check that they are the same as the previously calculated regions
    library(testthat)
    expect_that(regsWithP, equals(genomeRegions))

    ## Histogram of the theoretical p-values by region
    hist(pf(regsWithP$regions$value, df1 - df0, n - df1), main = "Distribution
        original p-values by region", freq = FALSE)

    ## Histogram of the permutted p-values by region
    hist(regsWithP$regions$pvalues, main = "Distribution permutted p-values by
        region", freq = FALSE)

    ## MA style plot
    library("ggplot2")
    ma <- data.frame(
        mean = regsWithP$regions$meanCoverage,
        log2FoldChange = regsWithP$regions$log2FoldChangeYRIvsCEU
    )
    ggplot(ma, aes(x = log2(mean), y = log2FoldChange)) +
        geom_point() +
        ylab("Fold Change (log2)") +
        xlab("Mean coverage (log2)") +
        labs(title = "MA style plot")

    ## Annotate the results
    library("bumphunter")
    genes <- annotateTranscripts(TxDb.Hsapiens.UCSC.hg19.knownGene::TxDb.Hsapiens.UCSC.hg19.knownGene)
    annotation <- matchGenes(regsWithP$regions, genes)
    head(annotation)

    ## End(Not run)

[Package derfinder version 1.22.0 Index]