normalizeTagCount {CAGEr} | R Documentation

## Normalizing raw CAGE tag count

### Description

Normalizes raw CAGE tag count per CTSS in all experiments to a same referent distribution. A simple tag per million normalization or normalization to a referent power-law distribution (Balwierz et al., Genome Biology 2009) can be specified.

### Usage

    normalizeTagCount(object, method = c("powerLaw", "simpleTpm", "none"),
      fitInRange = c(10, 1000), alpha = 1.25, T = 10^6)

    ## S4 method for signature 'CAGEset'
    normalizeTagCount(object, method = c("powerLaw",
      "simpleTpm", "none"), fitInRange = c(10, 1000), alpha = 1.25,
      T = 10^6)

    ## S4 method for signature 'CAGEexp'
    normalizeTagCount(object, method = c("powerLaw",
      "simpleTpm", "none"), fitInRange = c(10, 1000), alpha = 1.25,
      T = 10^6)

### Arguments

`object` | A `CAGEset` object
`method` | Method to be used for normalization. Can be either `"simpleTpm"` to convert tag counts to tags per million or `"powerLaw"` to normalize to a referent power-law distribution, or `"none"` to keep using the raw tag counts in downstream analyses.
`fitInRange` | An integer vector with two values specifying a range of tag count values to be used for fitting a power-law distribution to reverse cumulatives. Used only when `method = "powerLaw"`, otherwise ignored. See Details.
`alpha` | `-1 * alpha` will be the slope of the referent power-law distribution in the log-log representation. Used only when `method = "powerLaw"`, otherwise ignored. See Details.
`T` | Total number of CAGE tags in the referent power-law distribution. Setting `T = 10^6` results in normalized values that correspond to tags per million in the referent distribution. Used only when `method = "powerLaw"`, otherwise ignored. See Details.

### Details

It has been shown that many CAGE datasets follow a power-law distribution (Balwierz et al., Genome Biology 2009). Plotting the number of CAGE tags (X-axis) against the number of TSSs that are supported by >= of that number of tags (Y-axis) results in a distribution that can be approximated by a power-law. On a log-log scale this theoretical referent distribution can be described by a monotonically decreasing linear function `y = -1 * alpha * x + beta`, which is fully determined by the slope `alpha` and total number of tags `T` (which together with `alpha` determines the value of `beta`). Thus, by specifying parameters `alpha` and `T` a desired referent power-law distribution can be selected. However, real CAGE datasets deviate from the power-law in the areas of very low and very high number of tags, so it is advisable to discard these areas before fitting a power-law distribution. `fitInRange` parameter allows to specify a range of values (lower and upper limit of the number of CAGE tags) that will be used to fit a power-law. Plotting reverse cumulatives using `plotReverseCumulatives` function can help in choosing the best range of values. After fitting a power-law distribution to each CAGE dataset individually, all datasets are normalized to a referent distribution specified by `alpha` and `T`. When `T = 10^6`, normalized values are expressed as tags per million (tpm).

### Value

The slot `normalizedTpmMatrix` of the provided `CAGEset` object will be occupied by normalized CAGE signal values per CTSS across all experiments, or with the raw tag counts (in case `method = "none"`).

### Author(s)

Vanja Haberle

### References

Balwierz et al. (2009) Methods for analyzing deep sequencing expression data: constructing the human and mouse promoterome with deepCAGE data, Genome Biology 10(7):R79.

### See Also

`plotReverseCumulatives`, `CTSSnormalizedTpm`

Other CAGEr object modifiers: `CTSStoGenes`, `CustomConsensusClusters`, `aggregateTagClusters`, `annotateCTSS`, `clusterCTSS`, `cumulativeCTSSdistribution`, `getCTSS`, `quantilePositions`, `summariseChrExpr`

### Examples

    normalizeTagCount(exampleCAGEset, method = "simpleTpm")
    normalizeTagCount(exampleCAGEset, method = "powerLaw")
    normalizeTagCount(exampleCAGEexp, method = "simpleTpm")
    normalizeTagCount(exampleCAGEexp, method = "powerLaw")

[Package CAGEr version 1.30.3 Index]