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The package handles the pre-processing and normalization of Affymetrix 
GeneChip expression arrays, including Exon arrays. It is an R wrapper
to XPS (eXpression Profiling System), which is based on ROOT, an object-
oriented framework developed at CERN. Thus, the prior installation of
ROOT is a prerequisite for the usage of this package. ROOT can be
downloaded from http://root.cern.ch. 

Copyright (C) 2000-2013 Christian Stratowa, Vienna, Austria

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, a copy of the GNU General Public
License is available at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html. You
can also obtain it by writing to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA.


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Content:

I.   Install ROOT:
 Ia.  Install ROOT from source
 Ib.  Install ROOT for Windows XP, Vista, and Windows 7
 Ic.  Install ROOT for Mac OS X
 Id.  Notes on  ROOT
II.  Install package 'xps':
 IIa.  Install 'xps' from source
 IIb.  Install 'xps' as binary
 IIc.  Install 'xps' for Windows XP, Vista, and Windows 7
 IId.  Tested architectures
III. Learning how to use package 'xps'

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I. Install ROOT:

 Ia.  Install ROOT from source:

   Installation from source is explained extensively on the ROOT website, see:
   http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/installing-root-source

   1. get the sources of the latest ROOT from:
      http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/downloading-root
      or from: ftp://root.cern.ch/root/

      Note 1: you can unzip root locally in any directory, resulting in <path>/root

      Note 2: If you want to install root in a fixed location please read:
              http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/installing-root-source

   2. set ROOTSYS to the `root' directory:

            sh family:
              export ROOTSYS=<path>/root
            csh family
              setenv ROOTSYS <path>/root

   3. now type the build commands:

            all shells:
              ./configure --help    [optional, shows e.g. <arch> for supported architectures]
              ./configure [<arch>]  [e.g. <arch>= linux or macosx (32bit) or macosx64 (64bit)]
              make                  [or, make -j2 for dual CPU machines]

            Note: ./configure should automatically detect the architecture, if not use e.g.
              ./configure linux (32bit) ot linuxx8664gcc (64bit)

   4. add bin/ to PATH and lib/ to LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

            sh family:
              . bin/thisroot.sh

            csh family
              source bin/thisroot.csh

   5. add $ROOTSYS/bin to PATH and $ROOTSYS/lib to LD_LIBRARY_PATH:

            sh family: 
              export ROOTSYS=<path>/root
              export PATH=$ROOTSYS/bin:$PATH
              export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ROOTSYS/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
            csh family:
              setenv ROOTSYS <path>/root
              setenv PATH ${ROOTSYS}/bin:${PATH}
              setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH ${ROOTSYS}/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
              rehash

            Note: it is best to include above lines in e.g. ".bashrc" or ".bash_profile"

   6. try running root:

            all shells:
              root


 Ib.  Install ROOT for Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7

   For Windows users it is important to install a binary version of ROOT
   compiled with MinGW, currently version root_v5.32.03, from:
   to be announced; 
   currently, please contact me to get 'root-mingw-O2.7z' of size 37MB

   It is recommended to install ROOT in the default directory C:\root.
   Furthermore, it is necessary to set the environment variable ROOTSYS:
   under Windows you can use `System' in the control panel or the
   properties of `My Computer' (under the `Advanced' tab).
   Simply add: ROOTSYS=C:\root\bin 
          (or: ROOTSYS=C:\root      if you add %ROOTSYS%\bin to PATH)

   Note: 
   The only possibility was to compile ROOT with MinGW, the compiler used by R.
   Many people had tried to compile ROOT with MinGW, but have failed.
   Luckily, Alexey Lebedev has recently succeeded to compile ROOT with MinGE, see:
   http://root.cern.ch/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=15818&sid=5317206c83b9e2122ec5850720a65d05
   He did create the binary 'root-mingw-O2.7z' mentioned above.


 Ic.  Install ROOT for Mac OS X

   Mac users can either install ROOT from source or use the recommended binary
   version of ROOT. For Leopard you need to compile the source:
   root_v5.32.01.source.tar.gz

   For Snow Leopard and Lion there exist binaries for 32 bit and 64bit, however,
   since the xps binary for BioC 2.13 is built on Snow Leopard for 64 bit you 
   need to install:
   root_v5.34.05.macosx106-x86_64-gcc-4.2.tar.gz

   For Mountain Lion there exists a 64 bit binary:
   root_v5.34.05.macosx64-10.8-i386.tar.gz

   Personally, I am a Mac user and do all my development on my MacBook Pro,
   where I have installed WinXP, Win7 and openSUSE 11.4 using VMware Fusion 
   in order to test xps for these architectures. 
   I prefer to install root from source.

   On Leopard I install the 32 bit version:
      ./configure macosx 
      make
      . bin/thisroot.sh

   On Snow Leopard I install the 64 bit version:
      ./configure macosx64
      make
      . bin/thisroot.sh

   On Lion I install the 64 bit version:
     ./configure macosx64 --with-f77="/usr/bin/gfortran-4.2"
      make
      . bin/thisroot.sh

   Currently I do not have Mountain Lion for testing purposes.

   Note:
   I recommend to install ROOT in a directory which can be shown in the Mac
   Finder, e.g. in the home directory or another subdirectory. I do NOT
   recommend to install ROOT in directory /usr/local/ which is not displayed
   in the Finder.

 Id.  Notes on  ROOT:

   Note 1: Alternative ROOT installation
   If you want to install ROOT in a fixed location, not depending on ROOTSYS,
   please see: http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/installing-root-source

   Note 2: ROOT demos
   Like R, ROOT contains many examples demonstrating the abilities of ROOT.
   These examples can be run to test if ROOT has been installed correctly.
   There are two kind of examples, located in subdirectories tutorials and
   test, respectively:

   1. tutorials:
   To test root and try some of its tutorials, do:
      cd root/tutorials
      root
      root [0] .x demos.C
   For other tutorials, see the README file in the tutorials directory.

   2. tests:
   Examples in the test subdirectory need to be compiled first:
      cd root/test
      make
      root
      root [0] gSystem.Load("Tetris")
      root [1] Tetris t
   For other tests, see the README file in the test directory.
   
   Note 3: Source vs binary
   In principle, it is also possible to download and install binaries
   for some architectures. However, this is not recommended, since the
   sources for package 'xps' depend on the ROOT framework, and need
   to be compiled with the same compiler version as ROOT itself.

   Furthermore, daily versions from ROOT can be downloaded via svn and
   should work fine with 'xps', however, the current versions 5.32/01 
   and 5.34/03 have been used to test 'xps' for MacOS X. On Linux I did
   test only 5.32/01, and on Windows only the MinGW binary 5.32/03.

   Note 4: ROOT fails to compile
   Like R, the ROOT framework can be installed on many architectures, see
   the list of supported architectures, when running  "./configure --help".
   However, ROOT may also compile on a number of other architectures. 
   In case, the current official source file "root_v5.34.05.source.tar.gz"
   fails to compile, you can download the current development version from 
   svn, see:
      http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/subversion-howto

   If this still fails and you are still interested to compile ROOT, please
   contact the RootTalk forum at: http://root.cern.ch/phpBB3/
   This will help the ROOT developers to eliminate potential problems.
   
   Note 5: Can I use ROOT for other purposes?
   ROOT is a powerful professional C++ framework with many classes,see:
      http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/users-guide
      http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/reference-guide

   However, even if you never intend to use any of these classes or not
   even to use C++, but want to develop your own C functions, as many
   R developers do, ROOT may be of interest to you, since by typing "root"
   you start a C/C++ interpreter, which allows you to test your functions
   without the need to compile them first. Simply create a text file, 
   called a macro, containing your C functions.

   As an example create a text file "helloROOT.C" (the '.C' extension is
   important), containing the simple function:

         void hello_root()
         {
            cout << "Hello R, welcome to ROOT!" << endl;
         }

   After starting ROOT, type: ('.L' will load your text file)

         root [0] .L helloROOT.C
         root [1] hello_root()
         Hello R, welcome to ROOT!
         root [2] .q

   When your function works, then you can compile it directly within
   a ROOT session by typing ".L helloROOT.C+". Adding the '+' will
   automatically start the compiler and create a shared library.
   However, in this case you need to include the necessary header
   files first, in this case "#include <iostream>", then start ROOT:

         root [0] .L helloROOT.C+
         Info in <TUnixSystem::ACLiC>: creating shared library /Volumes/CoreData/CRAN/./helloROOT_C.so
         root [1] hello_root()   
         Hello R, welcome to ROOT!
         root [2] .q

   For more information, please contact the ROOT User Guide:
      http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/users-guide


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II.  Install package 'xps':

 IIa.  Install 'xps' from source

   Currently, xps can be downloaded as gezipped source file "xps_1.20.0.tar.gz"
   for MacOS X and for Linux.

   It can be installed with:
      R CMD INSTALL xps_1.20.0.tar.gz
   or e.g. on a Mac in the User library:
      R CMD INSTALL -l ~/Library/R/library xps_1.20.0.tar.gz

   However, the recommended way to install packages from source is:
      source("http://bioconductor.org/biocLite.R")
      biocLite("xps", type="source")


 IIb.  Install 'xps' as binary

   Package xps can also be installed as binary for MacOS X from the Bioconductor 
   website using:
      source("http://bioconductor.org/biocLite.R")
      biocLite("xps")

   Important note: 
   Please note that Bioconductor has built the xps binaries for release BioC 2.12
   using ROOT version root_v5.34.05 for Mac and root-mingw-O2 for Windows. Thus it 
   is absolutely essential to install this ROOT version first, otherwise calling xps
   will result in an error message.
   You can always download any version of root from: ftp://root.cern.ch/root


 IIc.  Install 'xps' for Windows XP, Vista, and Windows 7

   The Windows binary of xps can be downloaded from the Bioconductor web site, and
   installed using: biocLite("xps")

   If you run xps from Rterm check if `System' in the control panel does contain the 
   following environment variables:
      PATH:   C:\Programs\R\R-3.0.0\bin;%ROOTSYS%\bin;
      ROOTSYS:C:\root

   If you want to install xps from source, then you need to do the following:
   You can still install the MinGW binary for ROOT and the R binary but in addition
   you need to install the following:
   - Rtools30.exe from: http://www.murdoch-sutherland.com/Rtools/
   - ActivePerl-5.16.2.1602-MSWin32-x86-296513.msi
   - basic-miktex-2.9.4521.exe

   Then you can install xps from source as usual:
      R CMD INSTALL xps_1.20.0.tar.gz


 IId.  Tested architectures

   Currently, package 'xps' has been built (with R CMD INSTALL) and
   passed R CMD check with no errors and no warnings on the following computers:
   1. MacBook Pro Core i7 2.4GHz with 8 GB RAM running MacOS X 10.7.5
      R versions tested: R-2.14.x, R-2.15.2
   1. MacBook Pro Core 2 Duo 2GHz with 2 GB RAM running MacOS X 10.6.3 and 10.4.11
      R versions tested: R-2.7.x, R-2.8.x, R-2.9.x, R-2.10.x, R-2.11.x, R-2.12.x,
      R-2.13.x, R-2.14.x
   2. PowerBook Titanium G4 550MHz with 1 GB RAM running MacOS X 10.4.9 and 10.4.11
      R versions tested: R-2.5.0, R-2.6.0, R-2.8.0
   3. HP Compaq nx6110 Intel Centrino 1.4 GHz with 512 MB RAM with Fedora Core 4
      R versions tested: R-2.4.1, R-2.6.0, R-2.7.0, R-2.7.1
   4. HP Compaq nx6110 Intel Centrino 1.4 GHz with 512 MB RAM with Windows XP
      R versions tested: R-2.6.2, R-2.7.0, R-2.7.1
   5. VMware Fusion on MacBook Pro Core Duo running Windows XP or openSUSE 11.3
      R versions tested: R-2.9.x, R-2.10.x, R-2.11.x, R-2.12.x, R-2.13.x, R-2.14.x
   6. VMware Fusion on MacBook Pro Core i7 running Windows XP or Windows 7
      R versions tested: R-2.15.2
      

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III. Learning how to use package 'xps'

   The best way to learn how to use package 'xps' is to follow the examples
   in the enclosed vignette "An Introduction to the xps Package".

   As next step it is recommeded to follow the step-by-step examples in the
   script "script4xps.R", which is available in the "examples" subdirectory of
   'xps'. Directory xps/raw contains four CEL-files for chip Test3.CDF, which
   are used in most of the examples. However, real world examples in this script
   include a subset of the Affymetrix Exon Array Dataset human Tissues for  
   HG-U133_Plus_2 arrays, HuEx-1_0-st-v2 arrays and HuGene-1_0-st-v1 arrays.
   The corresponding CEL-files must be downloaded from the Affymetrix web site.

   The use of Affymetrix human Tissues dataset is also explained in more detail
   in the example script "script4exon.R".

   Comments regarding the tested architectures:
   1. MacBook Pro Intel Core 2 Duo 2GHz with 2 GB RAM running MacOS X 10.6.6
      All examples were tested, including the Affymetrix human mixture
      dataset for HG-U133_Plus_2, HuGene-1_0-st-v1 AND HuEx-1_0-st-v2.r2

   2. PowerBook Titanium PowerPC G4 550MHz with 1 GB RAM running MacOS X 10.4.9
      Most examples were tested, including the Affymetrix human mixture
      dataset for HG-U133_Plus_2 (HuEx-1_0-st-v2.r2 should also run, as
      I have tested them earlier, but they are very slow on G4 550 MHz)

   3. HP Compaq nx6110 Intel Centrino 1.4 GHz with 512 MB RAM with Fedora Core 4
      All examples were tested, including the Affymetrix human mixture
      dataset for HG-U133_Plus_2  but NOT HuEx-1_0-st-v2.r2.

   4. HP Compaq nx6110 Intel Centrino 1.4 GHz with 512 MB RAM with Windows XP
      Most examples were tested, including the Affymetrix human mixture
      dataset for HG-U133_Plus_2,  HuGene-1_0-st-v1 AND HuEx-1_0-st-v2.r2.
      Note: I could indeed run RMA using 6 exon arrays of the Affmetrix dataset
            with only 512 MB of RAM. However, it may not be possible to run MAS5,
            since the MAS5 background correction uses lots of RAM.
            Furthermore, it was not possible to create the scheme for the exon
            arrays with "import.exon.scheme()", since the Affymetrix files are
            too large; you need at least 1GB RAM.


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