**This is a COPYRIGHTED Project Gutnberg Etext, Details Below**
*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*
Copyright (C) 1996 by MICRA, Inc. Plainfield, N.J.
WARNING: this is version 0.4 and is NOT up to Project Gutenberg
standards, and is being released so YOU can help us fix errors!!
If you would like to help, you can send us general email for the
correction of errors, or with suggestions; if you are interested
in participating in more detail, please read the file "help.out"
which is included in the xyz zipped portion of the dictionary in
with other files that accompany the dictionary.
*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*
Copyright (C) 1996 by MICRA, Inc. Plainfield, N.J.
The field marks "<...>" in this version are copyrighted,
the actual dictionary entries are in the Public Domain,
and we hope to re-publish these files in Plain Vanilla ASCII
You are welcome to strip all the markup information to help us
create such a version, or to create one on your own.
*Unzipped files for this Etext take approximately 40 megabytes!*
**Zipped files for this Etext take approximately 12 megabytes!**
*Therefore, you should probably have about 60 meg to load them.*
**The HTML version is one large 45M file, which is 15M zipped.**
This HTML version is a first draft for my search engine version:
http://humanities.uchicago.edu/forms_unrest/webster.form.html
and Caveat emptor!!
You will find MANY errors in both versions. We would LOVE your
suggestions, corrections, emendations, and new words. help.out
is the file you should refer to if you are interested.
Preliminary Version 0.4 so named at the request of the provider;
this is going to need some serious proofreading, as much of this
material was typed in by hand by non-native speakers of English.
Our thanks to Patrick Cassidy for organizing and financing these
efforts on behalf of Project Gutenberg. Please read his note in
file "*.*"
This is a LARGE dictionary, the first edition of perhaps what is
the most famous dictionary in the world and our communication on
the matter of copyright with the publisher has resolved that the
publisher has no copyright interest in this material in the U.S.
but please check your own country, as below, also, please, watch
for changes in both the U.S. Copyright Law AND other country's--
there ARE movements in the U.S. to eliminate this information as
part of the Public Domain, which, if successful, might require a
revision or retraction of these files.
Please take a look at the important information in this header.
We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an
electronic path open for the next readers. Do not remove this.
**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts**
**Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971**
*These Etexts Prepared By Hundreds of Volunteers and Donations*
Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get Etexts, and
further information is included below. We need your donations.
*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*
Copyright (C) 1996 by MICRA, Inc. Plainfield, N.J.
September, 1996
[Etexts #660-670] [11 files]
*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*
*****This file should be named pgwxx10.txt or pgwxx10.zip******
Corrected EDITIONS of our etexts get a new NUMBER, pgwxx11.txt.
VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, pgwxx10a.txt.
Where xx = the letters of the dictionary in each individual file
which are listed below:
We have broken the 40 million characters down into .zip files of
the size that should fit 1.44M floppies, for easy transport. If
you cannot figure out .zip files, let us know.
Here are the filenames and sizes without this Project Gutenberg
Header,
which is approximately 12500 characters, please keep at least one
copy
of this header file with files you make of this dictionary.
Zipped File Sizes:
pgwab04.zip 1366502
pgwc04.zip 1128376
pgwde04.zip 1154392
pgwfh04.zip 1325394
pgwil04.zip 1064186
pgwmo04.zip 1024976
pgwpq04.zip 1042626
pgwr04.zip 590065
pgws04.zip 1417870
pgwtw04.zip 1393923
pgwxz04.zip 76621 This is only the dictionary file
there are added files in the .zip
pgwxz04.txt is the ONLY file with
hard cr/lf margination at time of
initial release.
========
Total.zip 11.5849M
Unzipped File Sizes:
pgwab04.txt 4610951
pgwc04.txt 3770127
pgwde04.txt 4043810
pgwfh04.txt 4426984
pgwil04.txt 3683257
pgwmo04.txt 3556153
pgwpq04.txt 3645485
pgwr04.txt 1990022
pgws04.txt 4807758
pgwtw04.txt 4752697
pgwxz04.txt 260233
======
Total.txt 39.5475M
The official release date of all Project Gutenberg Etexts is at
Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month. A
preliminary version may often be posted for suggestion, comment
and editing by those who wish to do so. To be sure you have an
up to date first edition [xxxxx10x.xxx] please check file sizes
in the first week of the next month. Since our ftp program has
a bug in it that scrambles the date [tried to fix and failed] a
look at the file size will have to do, but we will try to see a
new copy has at least one byte more or less.
Information about Project Gutenberg (one page)
We produce about two million dollars for each hour we work. The
fifty hours is one conservative estimate for how long it we take
to get any etext selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright
searched and analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc. This
projected audience is one hundred million readers. If our value
per text is nominally estimated at one dollar, then we produce 2
million dollars per hour this year we, will have to do four text
files per month: thus upping our productivity from one million.
The Goal of Project Gutenberg is to Give Away One Trillion Etext
Files by the December 31, 2001. [10,000 x 100,000,000=Trillion]
This is ten thousand titles each to one hundred million readers,
which is 10% of the expected number of computer users by the end
of the year 2001.
We need your donations more than ever!
All donations should be made to "Project Gutenberg/IBC", and are
tax deductible to the extent allowable by law ("IBC" is Illinois
Benedictine College). (Subscriptions to our paper newsletter go
to IBC, too)
For these and other matters, please mail to:
Project Gutenberg
P. O. Box 2782
Champaign, IL 61825
Internet: dircompg@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu
Bitnet: dircompg@uiucux1
CompuServe: >internet:dircompg@.ux1.cso.uiuc.edu
Attmail: internet!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!dircompg
When all other email fails try our Michael S. Hart, Executive
Director:
hart@vmd.cso.uiuc.edu (internet) hart@uiucvmd (bitnet)
We would prefer to send you this information by email
(Internet, Bitnet, Compuserve, ATTMAIL or MCImail).
******
If you have an FTP program (or emulator), please
FTP directly to the Project Gutenberg archives:
[Mac users, do NOT point and click. . .type]
ftp mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu
login: anonymous
password: your@login
cd etext/etext90 though etext/etext95
or cd etext/articles
dir [to see files]
get or mget [to get files. . .set bin for zip files]
get INDEX?00.GUT
for a list of books
and
get NEW.GUT for general information
and
mget GUT* for newsletters.
**Information prepared by the Project Gutenberg legal advisor**
(Three Pages)
***START** SMALL PRINT! for COPYRIGHT PROTECTED ETEXTS ***
TITLE AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE:
Big Dummy's Guide To The Internet
(C)1993, 1994 by the Electronic Frontier Foundation [EFF]
This etext is distributed by Professor Michael S. Hart through
the Project Gutenberg Association at Illinois Benedictine College
(the "Project") under the Project's "Project Gutenberg" trademark
and with the permission of the etext's copyright owner.
LICENSE
You can (and are encouraged!) to copy and distribute this
Project Gutenberg-tm etext. Since, unlike many other of the
Project's etexts, it is copyright protected, and since the
materials and methods you use will effect the Project's
reputation,
your right to copy and distribute it is limited by the copyright
laws and by the conditions of this "Small Print!" statement.
[A] ALL COPIES: The Project permits you to distribute
copies of this etext electronically or on any machine readable
medium now known or hereafter discovered so long as you:
(1) Honor the refund and replacement provisions of this
"Small Print!" statement; and
(2) Pay a royalty to the Project of 20% of the net
profits you derive calculated using the method you already use
to calculate your applicable taxes. If you don't derive
profits, no royalty is due. Royalties are payable to "Project
Gutenberg Association / Illinois Benedictine College" within
the 60 days following each date you prepare (or were legally
required to prepare) your annual (or equivalent periodic) tax
return.
[B] EXACT AND MODIFIED COPIES: The copies you distribute
must either be exact copies of this etext, including this
Small Print statement, or can be in binary, compressed, mark-
up, or proprietary form (including any form resulting from
word processing or hypertext software), so long as *EITHER*:
(1) The etext, when displayed, is clearly readable, and
does *not* contain characters other than those intended by the
author of the work, although tilde (~), asterisk (*) and
underline (_) characters may be used to convey punctuation
intended by the author, and additional characters may be used
to indicate hypertext links; OR
(2) The etext is readily convertible by the reader at no
expense into plain ASCII, EBCDIC or equivalent form by the
program that displays the etext (as is the case, for instance,
with most word processors); OR
(3) You provide or agree to provide on request at no
additional cost, fee or expense, a copy of the etext in plain
ASCII.
LIMITED WARRANTY; DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES
This etext may contain a "Defect" in the form of incomplete,
inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright
or other infringement, a defective or damaged disk, computer
virus, or codes that damage or cannot be read by your
equipment. But for the "Right of Replacement or Refund"
described below, the Project (and any other party you may
receive this etext from as a PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext)
disclaims all liability to you for damages, costs and
expenses, including legal fees, and YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR
NEGLIGENCE OR UNDER STRICT LIABILITY, OR FOR BREACH OF
WARRANTY OR CONTRACT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO INDIRECT,
CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF YOU
GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
If you discover a Defect in this etext within 90 days of
receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any)
you paid for it by sending an explanatory note within that
time to the person you received it from. If you received it
on a physical medium, you must return it with your note, and
such person may choose to alternatively give you a replacement
copy. If you received it electronically, such person may
choose to alternatively give you a second opportunity to
receive it electronically.
THIS ETEXT IS OTHERWISE PROVIDED TO YOU "AS-IS". NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE MADE TO YOU AS
TO THE ETEXT OR ANY MEDIUM IT MAY BE ON, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states do not allow disclaimers of
implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of
consequential damages, so the above disclaimers and exclusions
may not apply to you, and you may have other legal rights.
INDEMNITY
You will indemnify and hold the Project, its directors,
officers, members and agents harmless from all liability, cost
and expense, including legal fees, that arise directly or
indirectly from any of the following that you do or cause:
[1] distribution of this etext, [2] alteration, modification,
or addition to the etext, or [3] any Defect.
WHAT IF YOU *WANT* TO SEND MONEY EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE TO?
Project Gutenberg is dedicated to increasing the number of
public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed
in machine readable form. The Project gratefully accepts
contributions in money, time, scanning machines, OCR software,
public domain etexts, royalty free copyright licenses,
and whatever else you can think of. Money should be paid to
"Project Gutenberg Association / Illinois Benedictine College".
*SMALL PRINT! Ver.04.29.93 FOR COPYRIGHT PROTECTED ETEXTS*END*
*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*
Copyright (C) 1996 by MICRA, Inc. Plainfield, N.J.
*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*
<-- Begin file 2 of 10: Version 0.4 of
An electronic field-marked version of:
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
This version is copyrighted (C) 1996 by MICRA, Inc. of
Plainfield, NJ.
This electronic version may be used freely for personal use
or for research, and may be freely distributed provided that the
entire set of files are copied, and the headers and copyright
notices are not deleted.
The inclusion of more than one per cent of the text of this
dictionary in a product for sale requires the express written
permission of MICRA Inc. Sale of entire copies, including all
headers and copyright notices, will not be considered a violation
of this provision, if the sale price is not more than twice the
cost of distribution.
This version is only a first typing, and has numerous
typographic errors, including errors in the field-marks.
Assistance in bringing this dictionary to a more accurate and
useful state will greatly appreciated.
This electronic dictionary is made available as a potential
starting point for development of a modern comprehensive
encyclopedic dictionary, by the efforts of all individuals
willing to help build a large and freely available knowledge
base. Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a
knowledge base should contact:
Patrick Cassidy cassidy@micra.com
735 Belvidere Ave. Ofice: (908)668-5252
Plainfield, NJ 07062
(908) 561-3416
-->
<-- p. 199 -->
C.
C. ( 1. C is the third letter
of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in
old Latin represented the sounds of k, and
g (in go); its original value being the
latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman
Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C
was the same letter as the Greek got it from the
Phoenicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name
ce, and was derived, probably, through the French.
Etymologically C is related to g, h,
k, q, s (and other sibilant
sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus,
E. acute, ague; E. acrid,
eagar; L. cornu, E. horn; E.
cat, kitten; E. coy,
quiet; L. circare, OF.
cerchier, E.
search.
See Guide to Pronunciation, \'c5\'c5
221-228.
2. (Mus.) (a) The keynote of the normal
or \'bdnatural\'b8 scale, which has neither flats nor sharps in
its signature; also, the third note of the relative minor scale
of the same (b) C after the clef is the mark of common
time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or
crotchets); for alla breve time it is written (c) The \'bdC clef,\'b8 a modification of the letter C,
placed on any line of the staff, abows that line to be middle
C.
3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin
centum or 100, CC for 200, etc.
C spring, a spring in the form of the letter
C.
\'d8Ca*a"ba (?), n. [Ar.
ka'ban, let, a square building, fr. ka'b
cube] The small and nearly cubical stone building,
toward which all Mohammedans must pray. [Written
also kaaba.]
Caaba is situated in Mecca, a city of
Arabia, and contains a famous black stone said to have been
brought from heaven. Before the time of Mohammed, the
Caaba was an idolatrous temple, but it has since been
the chief sanctuary and object of pilgrimage of the Mohammedan
world.
Caas (?), n. sing. & pl.
Case. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cab (?), n. [Abbrev. fr.
cabriolet.] 1. A kind of close
carriage with two or four wheels, usually a public vehicle.
\'bdA cab came clattering up.\'b8
Thackeray.
cab may have two seats at right to the
driver's seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel to the
driver's, with the entrance from the side or front.
Hansom cab. See Hansom.
2. The covered part of a locomotive, in which the
engineer has his station.
Knight.
Cab (?), n. [Heb.
gab, fr. q\'bebab to hollow.] A
Hebrew dry measure, containing a little over two (2.37)
pints.
W. H. Ward. 2 Kings vi. 25.
Ca*bal" (?), n. [F.
cabale cabal, cabala LL. cabala cabala, fr.
Heb. qabb\'bel\'c7h reception, tradition, mysterious
doctrine, fr. q\'bebal to take or receive, in Pi\'89l
qibbel to abopt (a doctrine).] 1. Tradition;
occult doctrine. See Cabala [Obs.]
Hakewill.
2. A secret. [Obs.] \'bdThe
measuring of the temple, a cabal found out but
lately.\'b8
B. Jonson.
3. A number of persons united in some close design,
usually to promote their private views and interests in church or
state by intrigue; a secret association composed of a few
designing persons; a junto.
It so happend, by a whimsical coincidence, that in 1671 the
cabinet consisted of five persons, the initial letters of whose
names made up the word cabal; Clifford, Arlington,
Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale.
Macaulay.
4. The secret artifices or machinations of a few
persons united in a close design; in intrigue.
By cursed cabals of women.
Dryden.
Syn. - Junto; intrigue; plot; combination;
conspiracy. -- Cabal, Combination,
Faction. An association for some purpose considered to
be bad is the idea common to these terms. A combination
is an organized union of individuals for mutual support, in
urging their demands or resisting the claims of others, and may
be good or bad according to circumstances; as, a
combiniation of workmen or of employers to effect or to
prevent a chang in prices. A cabal is a secret
association of a few individuals who seek by cunning practices to
obtain office and power. A faction is a larger body
than a cabal, employed for selfish purposes in
agitating the community and working up an excitement with a view
to change the existing order of things. \'bdSelfishness,
insubordination, and laxity of morals give rise to
combinations, which belong particularly to the lower
orders of society. Restless, jealous, ambitious, and little minds
are ever forming cabals. Factions belong
especially to free governments, and are raised by busy and
turbulent spirits for selfish porposes\'b8.
Crabb.
Ca*bal", v. i. [int. & p.
p./pos> Caballed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Caballing]. [Cf. F.
cabaler.] To unite in a small party to
promote private views and interests by intrigue; to intrigue; to
plot.
Caballing still against it with the great.
Dryden.
Cab"a*la (?), n. [LL. See
Cabal, n.] 1. A kind of
occult theosophy or traditional interpretation of the Scriptures
among Jewish rabbis and certain medi\'91val Christians, which
treats of the nature of god and the mystery of human existence.
It assumed that every letter, word, number, and accent of
Scripture contains a hidden sense; and it teaches the methods of
interpretation for ascertaining these occult meanings. The
cabalists pretend even to foretell events by this means.
2. Secret science in general; mystic art;
mystery.
Cab"a*lism (?), n. [Cf. F.
cabalisme.]
1. The secret science of the cabalists.
2. A superstitious devotion to the mysteries of the
religion which one professes. [R]
Emerson.
Cab"a*list (?), n. [Cf.F.
cabaliste.] One versed in the cabala, or
the mysteries of Jewish traditions. \'bdStudious
cabalists.\'b8
Swift.
{ Cab`a*lis"tic (?),
Cab`a*lis"tic*al (?) } a.
Of or pertaining to the cabala; containing or conveying an
occult meaning; mystic.
The Heptarchus is a cabalistic of the first chapter
of Genesis
.
Hallam.
Caba`a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv. In a
cabalistic manner.
Cab"a*lize (?), v. i. [Cf.F.
cabaliser.] To use cabalistic
language. [R]
Dr. H. More.
Ca*bal"ler (?), n. One who
cabals.
A close caballer and tongue-valiant lord.
Dryden.
Cab"al*line (?), a.
[L.caballinus, fr. caballus a nag. Cf.
Cavalier.] Of or pertaining to a horse.
-- n. Caballine aloes.
Caballine aloes, an inferior and impure kind
of aloes formerly used in veterinary practice; -- called also
horse aloes. -- Caballine
spring, the fountain of Hippocrene, on Mount Helicon;
-- fabled to have been formed by a stroke from the foot of the
winged horse Pegasus.
Cab"a*ret (?), n. [F.]
A tavern; a house where liquors are retailed.
[Obs. as an English word.]
\'d8Ca*bas" (?), n. [F.]
A flat basket or frail for figs, etc.; Hence, a lady's flat
workbasket, reticule, or hand bag; -- often written
caba.
C. Bront\'82.
\'d8Ca*bas"son (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A speciec of armadillo of the genus
Xenurus (X. unicinctus and X.
hispidus); the tatouay. [Written also
Kabassou.]
Cab"bage (?), n. [OE.
cabage, fr. F. cabus headed (of cabbages),
chou cobus headed cabbage, cabbage head; cf. It.
capuccio a little head, cappuccio cowl,
hood, cabbage, fr. capo head, L. caput, or
fr. It. cappa cape. See Chiff,
Cape.] (Bot.) 1. An
esculent vegetable of many varieties, derived from the wild
Brassica oleracea of Europe. The common cabbage has a
compact head of leaves. The cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, etc.,
are sometimes classed as cabbages.
2. The terminal bud of certain palm trees, used,
like, cabbage, for food. See Cabbage tree,
below.
3. The cabbage palmetto. See below.
Cabbage aphis (Zo\'94l.), a green
plant-louse (Aphis brassic\'91) which lives upon the
leaves of the cabbage. -- Cabbage Beetle
(Zo\'94l.), a small, striped flea-beetle
(Phyllotreta vittata) which lives, in the larval
state, on the roots, and when adult, on the leaves, of cabbage
and other cruciferous plants. -- Cabbage
butterfly (Zo\'94l.), a white butterfly
(Pieris rap\'91 of both Europe and America, and the
Allied P. oleracea, a native American species) which,
in the larval state, devours the leaves of the cabbage and the
turnip. See Cabbage worm, below. --
Cabbage Fly (Zo\'94l.), a small
two-winged fly (Anthomyia brassic\'91), which feeds,
in the larval or maggot state, on the roots of the cabbage, often
doing much damage to the crop. -- Cabbage head,
the compact head formed by the leaves of a cabbage; --
contemptuously or humorously, and colloquially, a very stupid and
silly person; a numskull. -- Cabbage palmetto,
a species of palm tree (Sabal Palmetto) found
along the coast from North Carolina to Florida. --
Cabbage rose (Bot.), a species of rose
(Rosa centifolia) having large and heavy
blossoms. -- Cabbage tree, Cabbage
palm, a name given to palms having a terminal
bud called a cabbage, as the Sabal Palmetto
of the United States, and the Euterpe oleracea and
Oreodoxa oleracea of the West Indies. --
Cabbage worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of
several species of moths and butterfies, which attacks cabbages.
The most common is usully the larva of a white butterfly. See
Cabbage Butterfly, above. The cabbage cutworms,
which eat off the stalks or young plants during the night, are
the larv\'91 of several species of moths, of the genus
Agrotis. See Cutworm. -- Sea
cabbage.(Bot.) (a) Sea kale
(b). The original Plant (Brassica
oleracea), from which the cabbage, cauliflower, , broccoli,
etc., have been derived by cultivation. --
Thousand-headed cabbage. See Brussels
sprouts.
Cab"bage, v. i. To form a head like that
the cabbage; as, to make lettuce cabbage.
Johnson.
Cab"bage, v. i. [imp. &
p.p Cabbaged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cabbaging (.]
[F.cabasser, fr. OF. cabas theft; cf.
F. cabas basket, and OF. cabuser to
cheat.] To purloin or embezzle, as the pieces of cloth
remaining after cutting out a garment; to pilfer.
Your tailor . . . cabbages whole yards of cloth.
Arbuthnot.
Cab"bage, n. Cloth or clippings cabbaged
or purloined by one who cuts out garments.
Cab"bler (?), n. One who works
at cabbling.
Cab"bling (?), n. (Metal)
The process of breaking up the flat masses into which
wrought iron is first hammered, in order that the pieces may be
reheated and wrought into bar iron.
{ \'d8Ca*be"\'87a, \'d8Ca*besse"
(?), } n. [Pg.
cabe\'87a, F. cabesse.] The
finest kind of silk received from India.
\'d8Ca"ber (?), n. [Gael]
A pole or beam used in Scottish games for tossing as a trial
of strength.
Cab`e*zon" (?), n. [Sp.,
properly, big head. Cf. Cavesson.]
(Zo\'94l.) A California fish (Hemilepidotus
spinosus), allied to the sculpin.
Cab"i*ai (?), n. [Native South
American name.] (Zo\'94l.) The capybara.
See Capybara.
Cab"in (?), n. [OF.
caban, fr. W. caban booth, cabin, dim. of
cab cot, tent; or fr. F. cabane,
cabine, LL. cabanna, perh. from the
Celtic.] 1. A cottage or small house; a
hut.
Swift.
A hunting cabin in the west.
E. Everett.
2. A small room; an inclosed place.
So long in secret cabin there he held
Her captive.
Spenser.
3. A room in ship for officers or passengers.
Cabin boy, a boy whose duty is wait on the
officers and passengers in the cabin of a ship.
Cab"in v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Cabined (-?nd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cabining.] To live in, or as
in, a cabin; to lodge.
I'll make you . . . cabin in a cave.
Shak.
Cab"in, v. t. To confine in, or as in, a
cabin.
I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in
To saucy doubts and fears.
Shak.
Cab"i*net (?), n. [F., dim. of
cabine or cabane. See Cabin,
n.] 1. A hut; a cottage; a small
house. [Obs.]
Hearken a while from thy green cabinet,
The rural song of careful Colinet.
Spenser.
2. A small room, or retired apartment; a
closet.
3. A private room in which consultations are
held.
Philip passed some hours every day in his father's
cabinet.
Prescott.
4. The advisory council of the chief executive
officer of a nation; a cabinet council.
cabinet or cabinet
council consists of those privy coucilors who actually
transact the immediate business of the government. Mozley &
W. -- In the United States, the cabinet is
composed of the heads of the executive departments of the
government, namely, the Secretary of State, of the Treasury, of
War, of the Navy, of the Interior, and of Agiculture, the
Postmaster-general ,and the Attorney-general.
5. (a) A set of drawers or a cupboard
intended to contain articles of value. Hence: (b)
A decorative piece of furniture, whether open like an
\'82tag\'8are or closed with doors. See Etagere.
6. Any building or room set apart for the safe
keeping and exhibition of works of art, etc.; also, the
collection itself.
Cabinet council. (a) Same as
Cabinet, n., 4 (of which body it was formerly
the full title). (b) A meeting of the
cabinet. -- Cabinet councilor, a member of a
cabinet council. -- Cabinet photograph, a
photograph of a size smaller than an imperial, though larger than
a carte de visite. -- Cabinet picture,
a small and generally highly finished picture, suitable for a
small room and for close inspection.
Cab"i*net, a. Suitable for a cabinet;
small.
He [Varnhagen von Ense] is a walking cabinet
edition of Goethe.
For. Quar. Rev.
Cab"i*net, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Cabineted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cabineting.] To inclose
[R.]
Hewyt.
Cab"i*net*mak`er (?), n. One
whose occupation is to make cabinets or other choice articles of
household furniture, as tables, bedsteads, bureaus, etc.
Cab"i*net*mak`ing, n. The art or
occupation of making the finer articles of household
furniture.
Cab"i*net*work` (?), n. The art
or occupation of working upon wooden furniture requiring nice
workmanship; also, such furniture.
Cab`i*re"an (?),n.One of the
Cabiri.
\'d8Cab*bi"ri (?), n. pl. [
NL., fr. Gr. Ka`beiroi.]
(Myth.) Certain deities originally worshiped with
mystical rites by the Pelasgians in Lemnos and Samothrace and
afterwards throughout Greece; -- also called sons of Heph\'91stus
(or Vulcan), as being masters of the art of working metals.
[Written also Cabeiri.]
Liddell & Scott.
Ca*bir"i*an (?), a. Same as
Cabiric.
Ca*bir"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
Cabirique] Of or pertaining to the Cabiri,
or to their mystical worship. [Written also
Cabiritic.]
Ca"ble (?), n. [F.
C\'83ble,m LL. capulum, caplum,
a rope, fr. L. capere to take; cf. D., Dan., & G.
rabel, from the French. See Capable.]
1. A large, strong rope or chain, of considerable
length, used to retain a vessel at anchor, and for other
purposes. It is made of hemp, of steel wire, or of iron
links.
2. A rope of steel wire, or copper wire, usually
covered with some protecting, or insulating substance; as,
the cable of a suspension bridge; a telegraphic
cable.
3. (Arch) A molding, shaft of a column,
or any other member of convex, rounded section, made to resemble
the spiral twist of a rope; -- called also cable
molding.
Bower cable, the cable belonging to the bower
anchor. -- Cable road, a railway on which the
cars are moved by a continuously running endless rope operated by
a stationary motor. -- Cable's length, the
length of a ship's cable. Cables in the merchant service vary in
length from 100 to 140 fathoms or more; but as a maritime
measure, a cable's length is either 120 fathoms (720 feet), or
about 100 fathoms (600 feet, an approximation to one tenth of a
nautical mile). -- Cable tier. (a)
That part of a vessel where the cables are stowed.
(b) A coil of a cable. -- Sheet
cable, the cable belonging to the sheet anchor. --
Stream cable, a hawser or rope, smaller than the
bower cables, to moor a ship in a place sheltered from wind and
heavy seas. -- Submarine cable. See
Telegraph. -- To pay out the
cable, To veer out the cable, to
slacken it, that it may run out of the ship; to let more cable
run out of the hawse hole. -- To serve the cable,
to bind it round with ropes, canvas, etc., to prevent its
being, worn or galled in the hawse, et. -- To slip the
cable, to let go the end on board and let it all run
out and go overboard, as when there is not time to weigh anchor.
Hence, in sailor's use, to die.
<-- p. 200 -->
<-- p. 200 -->
Ca"ble (?), v. t. 1.
To fasten with a cable.
2. (Arch.) To ornament with cabling.
See Cabling.
Ca"ble, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Cabled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cabling (-bl\'ceng).]
To telegraph by a submarine cable
[Recent]
Ca"bled (?), a. 1.
Fastened with, or attached to, a cable or rope.
\'bdThe cabled stone.\'b8
Dyer.
2. (Arch.) Adorned with cabling.
Ca"ble*gram` (?), n.
[Cable, n. + Gr. A message sent by a submarine telegraphic
cable. [A recent hybrid, sometimes found in the
newspapers.]
Ca"ble*laid` (?), a. 1.
(Naut.) Composed of three three-stranded ropes,
or hawsers, twisted together to form a cable.
2. Twisted after the manner of a cable; as, a
cable-laid gold chain.
Simmonds.
Ca"blet (?), n. [Dim. of
cable; cf. F. c\'83blot.] A
little cable less than ten inches in circumference.
Ca"bling (?), n. (Arch.)
The decoration of a fluted shaft of a column or of a
pilaster with reeds, or rounded moldings, which seem to be laid
in the hollows of the fluting. These are limited in length to
about one third of the height of the shaft.
Cab"man (?), n.; pl.
Cabmen (. The driver of a
cab.
Ca*bob" (?), n. [Hindi
kab\'beb] 1. A small piece of
mutton or other meat roasted on a skewer; -- so called in Turkey
and Persia.
2. A leg of mutton roasted, stuffed with white
herrings and sweet herbs.
Wright.
Ca*bob", v. t. To roast, as a
cabob.
Sir. T. Herbert.
Ca*boched" (?), a. [F.
caboche head. Cf. lst Cabbage.]
(Her.) Showing the full face, but nothing of the
neck; -- said of the head of a beast in armorial bearing.
[Written also caboshed.]
Ca*boo"dle (?), n. The
whole collection; the entire quantity or number; -- usually in
the phrase the whole caboodle. [Slang,
U.S.]
Bartlett.
Ca*boose" (?), n. [Cf. D.
kabuis, kombuis, Dan. kabys, Sw.
kabysa, G. kabuse a little room or hut. The
First part of the word seems to be allied to W. cab
cabin, booth. Cf. Cabin.] [Written also
camboose.] 1. (Naut.)
A house on deck, where the cooking is done; -- commonly
called the galley.
2. (Railroad) A car used on freight or
construction trains for brakemen, workmen, etc.; a tool
car. [U. S.]
Cab"o*tage (?), n. [F.
cabotage, fr. caboter to sail along the
coast; cf. Sp. cabo cape.] (Naut.)
Navigation along the coast; the details of coast
pilotage.
\'d8Ca*br\'82e" (?), n. [French
Canadian.] (Zo\'94l.) The pronghorn
antelope. [Also written cabrit,
cabret.]
Ca*brer"ite (?), n.
(Min.) An apple-green mineral, a hydrous
arseniate of nickel, cobalt, and magnesia; -- so named from the
Sierra Cabrera, Spain.
\'d8Ca*bril"la (?), n. [Sp.,
prawn.] (Zo\'94l) A name applied to various
species of edible fishes of the genus Serranus, and
related genera, inhabiting the Meditarranean, the coast of
California, etc. In California, some of them are also called
rock bass and kelp salmon.
Cab"ri*ole (?), n. [F. See
Cabriolet, and cf. Capriole.]
(Man.) A curvet; a leap. See
Capriole.
The cabrioles which his charger exhibited.
Sir W. Scott.
Cab`ri*o*let" (?), n.[F., dim.
of cabriole a leap, caper, from It.
capriola, fr. dim. of L. caper he-goat,
capra she-goat. This carriage is so called from its
skipping lightness. Cf. Cab, Caper a
leap.] A one-horse carriage with two seats and a
calash top.
Ca*brit" (?), n. Same as
Cabr\'82e.
Cab"urn (?), n. [Cf.
Cable, n.] (Naut.) A
small line made of spun yarn, to bind or worm cables, seize
tackles, etc.
{\'d8Ca*c\'91"mi*a (?),
\'d8Ca*ch\'91"mi*a} n. [NL., fr.
Gr.
(Med.) A degenerated or poisoned condition of the
blood.
Ca*ca"ine (?), n. (Chem.)
The essential principle of cacao; -- now called
theobromine.
\'d8Ca*ca*j\'eeo" (?), n.
[Pg.] (Zo\'94l) A South American
short-tailed monkey (Pithecia (. [Written also
cacajo.]
Ca*ca"o (?), n. [Sp., fr. Mex.
kakahuatl. Cf. Cocoa,
Chocolate] (Bot.) A small
evergreen tree (Theobroma Cacao) of South America and
the West Indies. Its fruit contains an edible pulp, inclosing
seeds about the size of an almond, from which cocoa, chocolate,
and broma are prepared.
Cach"a*lot (?), n. [F.
cachalot.] (Zo\'94l.) The sperm
whale (Physeter macrocephalus). It has in the top of
its head a large cavity, containing an oily fluid, which, after
death, concretes into a whitish crystalline substance called
spermaceti. See Sperm whale.
\'d8Cache (?), n. [F., a hiding
place, fr. cacher to conceal, to hide.] A
hole in the ground, or hiding place, for concealing and
preserving provisions which it is inconvenient to carry.
Kane.
{ Ca*chec"tic (?), Ca*chec"tic*al
(?), } a. [L.
cachecticus, Gr. cachectique.] Having, or pertaining to,
cachexia; as, cachectic remedies;
cachectical blood.
Arbuthnot.
\'d8Cache`pot" (k,
n. [F., fr. cacher to hide +
pot a pot.] An ornamental casing for a
flowerpot, of porcelain, metal, paper, etc.
\'d8Cach"et (?), n. [F. fr.
cacher to hide.] A seal, as of a
letter.
Lettre de cachet [F.], a sealed
letter, especially a letter or missive emanating from the
sovereign; -- much used in France before the Revolution as an
arbitrary order of imprisonment.
{ \'d8Ca*chex"i*a (?), Ca*chex"y
(?) }, n. [L. cachexia,
Gr. A condition of ill health and impairment
of nutrition due to impoverishment of the blood, esp. when caused
by a specific morbid process (as cancer or tubercle).
Cach`in*na"tion (?), n. [L.
cachinnatio, fr. cachinnare to laugh aloud,
cf Gr. Loud or immoderate
laughter; -- often a symptom of hysterical or maniacal
affections.
Hideous grimaces . . . attended this unusual
cachinnation.
Sir W. Scott.
Ca*chin"na*to*ry (?), a.
Consisting of, or accompanied by, immoderate laughter.
Cachinnatory buzzes of approval.
Carlyle.
\'d8Ca*chi"ri (?), n. A
fermented liquor made in Cayenne from the grated root of the
manioc, and resembling perry.
Dunglison.
Cach"o*long (?), n, [F.
cacholong, said to be from Cach, the name
of a river in Bucharia + cholon, a Calmuck word for
stone; or fr. a Calmuck word meaning \'bdbeautiful
stone\'b8] (Min.) An opaque or milk-white
chalcedony, a variety of quartz; also, a similar variety of
opal.
Ca`chou" (?), n. [F. See
Cashoo.] A silvered aromatic pill, used to
correct the odor of the breath.
\'d8Ca*chu"cha (?), n.
[Sp.] An Andalusian dance in three-four time,
resembing the bolero. [Sometimes in English spelled
cachuca (.]
The orchestra plays the cachucha.
Logfellow.
\'d8Ca*chun"de (?), n.
[Sp.] (Med.) A pastil or troche,
composed of various aromatic and other ingredients, highly
celebrated in India as an antidote, and as a stomachic and
antispasmodic.
\'d8Ca*cique" (?), n.
[Sp.] See Cazique.
Cack (?), v. i. [OE.
cakken, fr. L. cacare; akin to Gr.
cac.] To ease the body by stool; to go to
stool.
Pope.
Cack"er*el (?), n. [OF.
caquerel cagarel (Cotgr.), from the root of
E. cack.] (Zo\'94l.) The
mendole; a small worthless Mediterranean fish considered
poisonous by the ancients. See Mendole.
Cac"kle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cackled
(-k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Cackling
(?).] [OE. cakelen; cf. LG.
kakeln, D. kakelen, G. gackeln,
gackern; all of imitative origin. Cf. Gagle,
Cake to cackle.] 1. To make a sharp,
broken noise or cry, as a hen or goose does.
When every goose is cackling.
Shak.
2. To laugh with a broken noise, like the cackling
of a hen or a goose; to giggle.
Arbuthnot.
3. To talk in a silly manner; to prattle.
Johnson.
Cac"kle (?), n. 1. The
sharp broken noise made by a goose or by a hen that has laid an
egg.
By her cackle saved the state.
Dryden.
2. Idle talk; silly prattle.
There is a buzz and cackle all around regarding the
sermon.
Thackeray.
Cac"kler (?), n. 1. A
fowl that cackles.
2. One who prattles, or tells tales; a
tattler.
Cac"kling, n. The broken noise of a
goose or a hen.
{ \'d8Cac`o*chym"i*a (?),
Cac"o*chym`y (?), } n.
[NL. cacochymia, fr. Gr.
cacochymie.]
(Med.) A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids,
of the body, especially of the blood.
Dunglison.
{ Cac`o*chym"ic (?),
Cac`o*chym"ic*al (?), } a.
Having the fluids of the body vitiated, especially the
blood.
Wiseman.
Cac`o*de"mon (?), n. [Gr.
cacod\'82mon.]
1. An evil spirit; a devil or demon.
Shak.
2. (Med.) The nightmare.
Dunaglison.
Cac`o*dox"ic*al (?), a.
Heretical.
Cac"o*dox`y (?), n. [Gr.
Erroneous doctrine;
heresy; heterodoxy. [R.]
Heterodoxy, or what Luther calls cacodoxy.
R. Turnbull.
Cac"o*dyl (?), n. [Gr.
-yl.]
(Chem.) Alkarsin; a colorless, poisonous,
arsenical liquid, As2(CH3)4, spontaneously
inflammable and possessing an intensely disagreeable odor. It is
the type of a series of compounds analogous to the nitrogen
compounds called hydrazines. [Written also
cacodyle, and kakodyl.]
Cac`o*dyl"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
cacodyl.
Cacodylic acid, a white, crystalline,
deliquescent substance, (CH3)2AsO.OH, obtained
by the oxidation of cacodyl, and having the properties of an
exceedingly stable acid; -- also called
alkargen.
<-- # error in original formula corrected! -->
\'d8Cac`o*\'89"thes (?), n.
[L., fr. Gr. 1. A bad custom or habit; an
insatiable desire; as, caco\'89thes scribendi,
\'bdThe itch for writing\'b8.
Addison.
2. (Med.) A bad quality or disposition
in a disease; an incurable ulcer.
Cac`o*gas"tric (?), a. [Gr.
Troubled with bad digestion. [R.]
Carlyle.
Cac`o*graph`ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, cacography; badly
written or spelled.
Ca*cog`ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
-graphy; cf. F.
cacographie.] Incorrect or bad writing or
spelling.
Walpole.
\'d8Ca`co*let" (?), n.
[F.] A chair, litter, or other contrivance fitted
to the back or pack saddle of a mule for carrying travelers in
mountainous districts, or for the transportation of the sick and
wounded of an army.
Ca*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
-logy: cf. F.
cacologie.] Bad speaking; bad choice or use
of words.
Buchanan.
{ \'d8Ca`co*mix"le (?),
Ca`co*mix"tle (?), Ca"co*mix`l
(?) }, n. [Mexican name.]
A North American carnivore (Bassaris astuta),
about the size of a cat, related to the raccoons. It inhabits
Mexico, Texas, and California.
Ca*coon" (?), n. One of the
seeds or large beans of a tropical vine (Entada
scandens) used for making purses, scent bottles, etc.
{ Cac`o*phon"ic (?),
Cac`o*phon"ic*al (?), Ca*coph"o*nous
(?), Cac`o*pho"ni*ous (?) },
a. Harsh-sounding.
Ca*coph"o*ny (?), n.; pl.
Cacophonies (#). [Gr.
Cacophonie.] 1.
(Rhet.) An uncouth or disagreable sound of words,
owing to the concurrence of harsh letters or syllables.
\'bdCacophonies of all kinds.\'b8
Pope.
2. (Mus.) A combination of discordant
sounds.
3. (Med.) An unhealthy state of the
voice.
Cac"o*tech`ny (?), n. [Gr. A corruption or
corrupt state of art. [R.]
{ Ca*cox"ene (?), Ca*cox"e*nite
(?) }, n. [Gr. (Min.) A hydrous
phosphate of iron occurring in yellow radiated tufts. The
phosphorus seriously injures it as an iron ore.
Cac*ta"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Belonging to, or like, the family of
plants of which the prickly pear is a common example.
Cac"tus (?), n. ; pl. E.
Cactuses (#), Cacti
(-t\'c6). [L., a kind of cactus, Gr.
(Bot.) Any plant of
the order Cactac\'91, as the prickly pear and the
night-blooming cereus. See Cereus. They usually have
leafless stems and branches, often beset with clustered thorns,
and are mostly natives of the warmer parts of America.
Cactus wren (Zo\'94l.), an American
wren of the genus Campylorhynchus, of several
species.
Ca*cu"mi*nal (?), a. [L.
cacumen, cacuminis, the top, point.]
(Philol.) Pertaining to the top of the palate;
cerebral; -- applied to certain consonants; as,
cacuminal (or cerebral) letters.
Ca*cu"mi*nate (?), v. i. [L.
cacuminatus, p. p. of cacuminare to point,
fr. cacumen point.] To make sharp or
pointed. [Obs.]
Cad (?), n. [Abbrev. fr.
cadet.] 1. A person who stands at
the door of an omnibus to open and shut it, and to receive fares;
an idle hanger-on about innyards. [Eng.]
Dickens.
2. A lowbred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar
fellow. [Cant]
Thackeray.
Ca*das"tral (?), a. [F.]
Of or pertaining to landed property.
Cadastral survey, Cadastral
map, a survey, map, or plan on a large scale
(Usually topographical map, which exaggerates the dimensions of
houses and the breadth of roads and streams, for the sake of
distinctness.
Brande & C.
{ \'d8Ca*das"tre, Ca*das"ter }
(?), n. [f. cadastre.]
(Law.) An official statement of the quantity and
value of real estate for the purpose of apportioning the taxes
payable on such property.
<-- p. 201 -->
\'d8Ca*da"ver (?), n. [L., fr
cadere to fall.] A dead human body; a
corpse.
Ca*dav"er*ic (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a corpse, or the changes produced
by death; cadaverous; as, cadaveric
rigidity.
Dunglison.
Cadaveric alkaloid, an alkaloid generated by
the processes of decomposition in dead animal bodies, and thought
by some to be the cause of the poisonous effects produced by the
bodies. See Ptomaine.
Ca*dav"er*ous (?), a. [L.
cadaverosus.]
1. Having the appearance or color of a dead human
body; pale; ghastly; as, a cadaverous
look.
2. Of or pertaining to, or having the qualities of,
a dead body. \'bdThe scent cadaverous.\'b8
-- Ca*dav"er*ous*ly, adv. --
Ca*dav"er*ous*ness, n.
Cad"bait` (?), n. [Prov. E.
codbait, cadbote fly.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Caddice.
{ Cad"dice, Cad"dis } (?),
n. [Prov. E. caddy, cadew;
cf. G. k\'94der bait.]
(Zo\'94l.) The larva of a caddice fly. These
larv\'91 generally live in cylindrical cases, open at each end,
and covered externally with pieces of broken shells, gravel, bits
of wood, etc. They are a favorite bait with anglers. Called also
caddice worm, or caddis
worm.
Caddice fly (Zo\'94l.), a species
of trichopterous insect, whose larva is the caddice.
Cad"dis, n. [OE. caddas,
Scot. caddis lint, caddes a kind of woolen
cloth, cf. Gael. cada, cadadh, a kind of
cloth, cotton, fustian, W. cadas, F.
cadis.] A kind of worsted lace or
ribbon. \'bdCaddises, cambrics, lawns.\'b8
Shak.
Cad"dish (?), a. Like a cad;
lowbred and presuming.
Cad"dow (?), n. [OE.
cadawe, prob. fr. ca chough +
daw jackdaw; cf. Gael. cadhag,
cathag. Cf. Chough, Daw,
n.] (Zo\'94l.) A jackdaw.
[Prov. Eng.]
Cad"dy (?), n.; pl.
Caddies (#). [Earlier spelt
catty, fr. Malay kat\'c6 a weight of 1\'a7
pounds. Cf. Catty.] A small box, can, or
chest to keep tea in.
Cade (?), a. [Cf. OE.
cad, kod, lamb, also Cosset,
Coddle.] Bred by hand; domesticated;
petted.
He brought his cade lamb with him.
Sheldon.
Cade, v. t. To bring up or nourish by
hand, or with tenderness; to coddle; to tame.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
Cade, n. [L. cadus jar, Gr.
A barrel or cask, as of fish. \'bdA
cade of herrings.\'b8
Shak.
A cade of herrings is 500, of sprats 1,000.
Jacob, Law Dict.
Cade, n. [F. & Pr.; LL.
cada.] A species of juniper (Juniperus
Oxycedrus) of Mediterranean countries.
Oil of cade, a thick,
black, tarry liquid, obtained by destructive distillation of
the inner wood of the cade. It is used as a local application in
skin diseases.
Ca"dence (?), n. [OE.
cadence, cadens, LL. cadentia a
falling, fr. L. cadere to fall; cf. F.
cadence, It. cadenza. See
Chance.]
1. The act or state of declining or sinking.
[Obs.]
Now was the sun in western cadence low.
Milton.
2. A fall of the voice in reading or speaking,
especially at the end of a sentence.
3. A rhythmical modulation of the voice or of any
sound; as, music of bells in cadence
sweet.
Blustering winds, which all night long
Had roused the sea, now with hoarse cadence lull
Seafaring men o'erwatched.
Milton.
The accents . . . were in passion's tenderest
cadence.
Sir W. Scott.
4. Rhythmical flow of language, in prose or
verse.
Golden cadence of poesy.
Shak.
If in any composition much attention was paid to the flow of
the rhythm, it was said (at least in the 14th and 15th centuries)
to be \'bdprosed in faire cadence.\'b8
Dr. Guest.
5. (Her.) See Cadency.
6. (Man.) Harmony and proportion in
motions, as of a well-managed horse.
7. (Mil.) A uniform time and place in
marching.
8. (Mus.) (a) The close or fall
of a strain; the point of rest, commonly reached by the immediate
succession of the tonic to the dominant chord. (b)
A cadenza, or closing embellishment; a pause
before the end of a strain, which the performer may fill with a
flight of fancy.
Imperfect cadence. (Mus.) See under
Imperfect.
Ca"dence, v. t. To regulate by musical
measure.
These parting numbers, cadenced by my grief.
Philips.
Ca"den*cy (?), n. Descent of
related families; distinction between the members of a family
according to their ages.
Marks of cadency (Her.), bearings
indicating the position of the bearer as older or younger son, or
as a descendant of an older or younger son. See
Difference (Her.).
Ca*dene" (?), n. [Cf. F.
cad\'8ane.] A species of inferior carpet
imported from the Levant.
McElrath.
Ca"dent (?), a. [L.
cadens, -entis, p. pr. of cadere
to fall.] Falling. [R.]
\'bdCadent tears.\'b8
Shak.
Ca*den"za (?), n. [It.]
(Mus.) A parenthetic flourish or flight of
ornament in the course of a piece, commonly just before the final
cadence.
Ca"der (?), n. See
Cadre.
Ca*det" (?), n. [F.
cadet a younger or the youngest son or brother, dim.
fr. L. caput head; i. e., a
smaller head of the family, after the first or eldest. See
Chief, and cf. Cad.]
1. The younger of two brothers; a younger brother
or son; the youngest son.
The cadet of an ancient and noble family.
Wood.
2. (Mil.) (a) A gentleman who
carries arms in a regiment, as a volunteer, with a view of
acquiring military skill and obtaining a commission.
(b) A young man in training for military or naval
service; esp. a pupil in a military or naval school, as at West
Point, Annapolis, or Woolwich.
Naval
cadets. The distinction between Cadet midshipmen
and Cadet engineers was abolished by Act of Congress
in 1882.
Ca*det"ship (?), n. The
position, rank, or commission of a cadet; as, to get a
cadetship.
{ Ca*dew" (?), Cade"worm`
(?), } n. A caddice. See
Caddice.
Cadge (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Cadged (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Cadging.]
[Cf. Scot. cache, caich,
cadge, to toss, drive, OE. cachen to drive,
catch, caggen to bind, or perh. E. cage.
Cf. Cadger.]
1. To carry, as a burden. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]
Halliwell.
2. To hawk or peddle, as fish, poultry, etc.
[Prov.]
3. To intrude or live on another meanly; to
beg. [Prov. or Slang, Eng.]
Wright.
Cadge, n. [Cf. 2d
Cadger.] (Hawking) A circular
frame on which cadgers carry hawks for sale.
Cadg"er (?), n. [From
Cadge, v. t., cf. Codger.]
1. A packman or itinerant huckster.
2. One who gets his living by trickery or
begging. [Prov. or Slang] \'bdThe gentleman
cadger.\'b8
Dickens.
Cadg"er, n. [OF. cagier one
who catches hawks. Cf. Cage.] (Hawking)
One who carries hawks on a cadge.
Cadg"y (?), a. Cheerful or
mirthful, as after good eating or drinking; also, wanton.
[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Ca"di (?), n. [Turk. See
Alcalde.] An inferior magistrate or judge
among the Mohammedans, usually the judge of a town or
village.
{ Cad"ie, Cad"die (?), }
n. A Scotch errand boy, porter, or
messenger. [Written also cady.]
Every Scotchman, from the peer to the cadie.
Macaulay.
Ca`di*les"ker (?), n. [Ar.
q\'be\'c8\'c6 judge + al'sker the army,
Per. leshker.] A chief judge in the Turkish
empire, so named originally because his jurisdiction extended to
the cases of soldiers, who are now tried only by their own
officers.
Ca*dil"lac (?), n. [Prob. from
Cadillac, a French town.] A large pear,
shaped like a flattened top, used chiefly for cooking.
Johnson.
<-- 2. metaphor for the best -->
Cad"is (?), n. [F.]
A kind of coarse serge.
Cad*me"an (?), a. [L.
Cadmeus, Gr. Cadmus),
which name perhaps means lit. a man from the East; cf. Heb.
qedem east.] Of or pertaining to Cadmus, a
fabulous prince of Thebes, who was said to have introduced into
Greece the sixteen simple letters of the alphabet -- Cadmean letters.
Cadmean victory, a victory that damages the
victors as much as the vanquished; probably referring to the
battle in which the soldiers who sprang from the dragon's teeth
sown by Cadmus slew each other\'3c-- Pyhrric victory?
--\'3e.
Cad"mi*a (?), n. [L.
cadmia calamine, Gr. Calamine.] (Min.) An oxide of zinc
which collects on the sides of furnaces where zinc is sublimed.
Formerly applied to the mineral calamine.
Cad"mi*an (?), a.
[R.] See Cadmean.
Cad"mic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cadmium; as,
cadmic sulphide.
Cad"mi*um (?), n. [NL. See
Cadmia.] (Chem.) A comparatively
rare element related to zinc, and occurring in some zinc ores. It
is a white metal, both ductile and malleable. Symbol Cd. Atomic
weight 111.8. It was discovered by Stromeyer in 1817, who named
it from its association with zinc or zinc ore.
Cadmium yellow, a compound of cadmium and
sulphur, of an intense yellow color, used as a pigment.
Cad"rans (?), n. [Cf. F.
cadran. Cf. Quadrant.] An
instrument with a graduated disk by means of which the angles of
gems are measured in the process of cutting and polishing.
\'d8Ca"dre (?), n. [F.
cadre, It. quadro square, from L.
quadrum, fr. quatuor four.]
(Mil.) The framework or skeleton upon which a
regiment is to be formed; the officers of a regiment forming the
staff. [Written also cader.]
Ca*du"ca*ry (?), a. [See
Caducous.] (Law) Relating to
escheat, forfeiture, or confiscation.
Ca*du"ce*an (?), a. Of or
belonging to Mercury's caduceus, or wand.
Ca*du"ce*us (?), n. [L.
caduceum, caduceus; akin to Gr. (Myth.) The
official staff or wand of Hermes or Mercury, the messenger of the
gods. It was originally said to be a herald's staff of olive
wood, but was afterwards fabled to have two serpents coiled about
it, and two wings at the top.
Ca*du`ci*bran"chi*ate (?), a.
[L. caducus falling (fr. cadere to
fall) + E. branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.)
With temporary gills: -- applied to those Amphibia in which
the gills do not remain in adult life.
Ca*du"ci*ty (?), n. [LL.
caducitas: cf. F. caducit\'82. See
Caducous.] Tendency to fall; the feebleness
of old age; senility. [R.]
[A] jumble of youth and caducity.
Chesterfield.
Ca*du"cous (?), [L. caducus
falling, inclined to fall, fr. cadere to fall. See
Cadence.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.)
Dropping off or disappearing early, as the calyx of a poppy,
or the gills of a tadpole.
Ca*duke" (?), a. [Cf. F.
caduc. See Caducous.] Perishable;
frail; transitory. [Obs.]
Hickes.
The caduke pleasures of his world.
Bp. Fisher.
Cad"y (?), n. See
Cadie.
\'d8C\'91"ca (?), n. pl. See
C\'91cum.
C\'91"cal (?), a. (Anat.)
1. Of or pertaining to the c\'91cum, or blind
gut.
2. Having the form of a c\'91cum, or bag with one
opening; baglike; as, the c\'91cal extremity of a
duct.
\'d8C\'91"ci*as (?), n. [L.
caecias, Gr. A wind from the
northeast.
Milton.
C\'91*cil"i*an (?; 106), n. [L.
caecus blind. So named from the supposed blindness of
the species, the eyes being very minute.]
(Zo\'94l.) A limbless amphibian belonging to the
order C\'91cili\'91 or Ophimorpha. See
Ophiomorpha. [Written also
c\'d2cilian.]
\'d8C\'91"cum (?), n.; pl.
C\'91cums, L. C\'91ca (#).
[L. caecus blind, invisible, concealed.]
(Anat.) (a) A cavity open at one end, as
the blind end of a canal or duct. (b) The
blind part of the large intestine beyond the entrance of the
small intestine; -- called also the blind
gut.
c\'91cum is comparatively small in
man, and ends in a slender portion, the vermiform
appendix; but in herbivorous mammals it is often as large
as the rest of the large intestine. In fishes there are often
numerous intestinal c\'91ca.
C\'91`no*zo"ic (?), a.
(Geol.) See Cenozoic.
Ca"en stone" (?), A cream-colored
limestone for building, found near Caen, France.
C\'91"sar (?), n. [L.]
A Roman emperor, as being the successor of Augustus
C\'91sar. Hence, a kaiser, or emperor of Germany, or any emperor
or powerful ruler. See Kaiser, Kesar.
Malborough anticipated the day when he would be servilely
flattered and courted by C\'91sar on one side and by
Louis the Great on the other.
Macaulay.
{ C\'91*sa"re*an, C\'91*sa"ri*an
(?), } a. [L.
Caesareus, Caesarianus.] Of or
pertaining to C\'91sar or the C\'91sars; imperial.
C\'91sarean section (Surg.), the
operation of taking a child from the womb by cutting through the
walls of the abdomen and uterus; -- so called because Julius
C\'91sar is reported to have been brought into the world by such
an operation.
C\'91"sar*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
C\'82sarisme.] A system of government in
which unrestricted power is exercised by a single person, to
whom, as C\'91sar or emperor, it has been committed by the
popular will; imperialism; also, advocacy or support of such a
system of government.
C\'91"si*ous (?), a. [L.
caesius bluish gray.] (Nat. Hist.)
Of the color of lavender; pale blue with a slight mixture of
gray.
Lindley.
C\'91"si*um (?), n. [NL., from
L. caesius bluish gray.] (Chem.)
A rare alkaline metal found in mineral water; -- so called
from the two characteristic blue lines in its spectrum. It was
the first element discovered by spectrum analysis, and is the
most strongly basic and electro-positive substance known. Symbol
Cs. Atomic weight 132.6.
C\'91s"pi*tose` (?), a. Same as
Cespitose.
C\'91*su"ra (?), n.; pl. E.
C\'91suras (, L. C\'91sur\'91
( [L. caesura a cutting off, a
division, stop, fr. caedere, caesum, to cut
off. See Concise.] A metrical break in a
verse, occurring in the middle of a foot and commonly near the
middle of the verse; a sense pause in the middle of a foot. Also,
a long syllable on which the c\'91sural accent rests, or which is
used as a foot.
c\'91sura is
between study and of.
The prop | er stud | y || of | mankind | is man.
C\'91*su"ral (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a c\'91sura.
C\'91sural pause, a pause made at a
c\'91sura.
\'d8Ca`f\'82" (?), n. [F. See
Coffee.] A coffeehouse; a restaurant; also, a
room in a hotel or restaurant where coffee and liquors are
served.
{ Caf"e*net (?), Caf"e*neh
(?), } n. [Turk. qahveh
kh\'beneh coffeehouse.] A humble inn or house of
rest for travelers, where coffee is sold.
[Turkey]
Caf*fe"ic (?), a. [See
Coffee.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
obtained from, coffee.
Caffeic acid, an acid obtained from coffee
tannin, as a yellow crystalline substance,
C9H8O4.
Caf*fe"ine (?), n. [Cf. F.
caf\'82ine. See Coffee.]
(Chem.) A white, bitter, crystallizable
substance, obtained from coffee. It is identical with the
alkaloid theine from tea leaves, and with
guaranine from guarana.
Caf`fe*tan"nic (?), a.
[Caffeic + tannic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the
tannin of coffee.
Caffetannic acid, a variety of tannin obtained
from coffee berries, regarded as a glucoside.
\'d8Caf"fi*la (?), n.
[Ar.] See Cafila.
Caf"fre (?), n. See
Kaffir.
{ \'d8Ca"fi*la (?), \'d8Ca"fi*leh
(?), } n. [Ar.] A
caravan of travelers; a military supply train or government
caravan; a string of pack horses.
Caf"tan (?), n. [Turk.
qaft\'ben: cf. F. cafetan.] A
garment worn throughout the Levant, consisting of a long gown
with sleeves reaching below the hands. It is generally fastened
by a belt or sash.
Caf"tan (?), v. t. To clothe
with a caftan. [R.]
The turbaned and caftaned damsel.
Sir W. Scott.
Cag (?), n. See
Keg. [Obs.]
Cage (?), n. [F.
cage, fr. L. cavea cavity, cage, fr.
cavus hollow. Cf. Cave, n.,
Cajole, Gabion.]
1. A box or inclosure, wholly or partly of
openwork, in wood or metal, used for confining birds or other
animals.
In his cage, like parrot fine and gay.
Cowper.
<-- p. 202 -->
2. A place of confinement for malefactors
Shak.
Stone walls do not a prison make,
Nor iron bars a cage.
Lovelace.
3. (Carp.) An outer framework of timber,
inclosing something within it; as the cage of a
staircase.
Gwilt.
4. (Mach.) (a) A skeleton frame
to limit the motion of a loose piece, as a ball valve.
(b) A wirework strainer, used in connection with
pumps and pipes.
5. The box, bucket, or inclosed platform of a lift
or elevator; a cagelike structure moving in a shaft.
6. (Mining) The drum on which the rope
is wound in a hoisting whim.
7. (Baseball) The catcher's wire
mask.
Cage (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Caged (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Caging.] To
confine in, or as in, a cage; to shut up or confine.
\'bdCaged and starved to death.\'b8
Cowper.
Caged (?), a. Confined in, or
as in, a cage; like a cage or prison. \'bdThe
caged cloister.\'b8
Shak.
Cage"ling (?), n.
[Cage + -ling] A bird
confined in a cage; esp. a young bird.
[Poetic]
Tennyson.
\'d8Ca"git (?), n.
(Zo\'94l) A king of parrot, of a beautiful green
color, found in the Philippine Islands.
Cag"mag (?), n. A tough old
goose; hence, coarse, bad food of any kind. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
\'d8Ca"got (?), n. [F.]
One of a race inhabiting the valleys of the Pyrenees, who
until 1793 were political and social outcasts (Christian
Pariahs). They are supposed to be a remnant of the
Visigoths.
\'d8Ca`hier" (?), n. [F., fr.
OF. cayer, fr. LL. quaternum. See
Quire of paper. The sheets of manuscript were folded
into parts.] 1. A namber of sheets of paper
put loosely together; esp. one of the successive portions of a
work printed in numbers.
2. A memorial of a body; a report of legislative
proceedings, etc.
Ca*hin"cic (?), a. Pertaining
to, or derived from, cahinca, the native name of a
species of Brazilian Chiococca, perhaps C.
recemosa; as, cahincic acid.
Ca*hoot" (?), n. [Perhaps fr.
f. cohorte a a company or band.]
Partnership; as to go in cahoot with a
person. [Slang, southwestern U. S.]
Bartlett.
\'d8Cai`ma*cam" (?), n.
[Turk.] The governor of a sanjak or district in
Turkey.
Cai"man (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Cayman.
Cai`no*zo"ic (?), a. (Geol.)
See Cenozic.
\'d8Ca*\'8bque" (?), n. [F.,
fr. Turk. q\'be\'c6q boat.] (Naut..)
A light skiff or rowboat used on the Bosporus; also, a
Levantine vessel of larger size.
\'d8\'80a"i*ra" (?). [F. \'87a ira,
\'87a ira, les aristocrates \'85 la lanterne, it shall go
on, it shall go on, [hang]the arictocrats to the lantern
(lamp-post).] The refrain of a famous song of the
French Revolution.
Caird (?), n. [Ir.
ceard a tinker.] A traveling tinker; also a
tramp or sturdy beggar. [Prov. Eng.]
Cairn (?), n. [Gael.
carn, gen. cairn, a heap: cf. Ir. & W.
carn.] 1. A rounded or conical
heap of stones erected by early inhabitants of the British Isles,
apparently as a sepulchral monument.
Now here let us place the gray stone of her
cairn.
Campbell.
2. A pile of stones heaped up as a landmark, or to
arrest attention, as in surveying, or in leaving traces of an
exploring party, etc.
C. Kingsley. Kane.
Cairn*gorm"stone` (?). [Gael.
carn a cairn + gorm azure.]
(Min.) A yellow or smoky brown variety of rock
crystal, or crystallized quartz, found esp, in the mountain of
Cairngorm, in Scotland.
Cais"son (?), n. [F., fr.
caisse, case, chest. See 1st Case.]
1. (Mil.) (a) A chest to hold
ammunition. (b) A four-wheeled carriage for
conveying ammunition, consisting of two parts, a body and a
limber. In light field batteries there is one caisson to each
piece, having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one on the
limber. Farrow. (c) A chest filled
with explosive materials, to be laid in the way of an enemy and
exploded on his appoach.
2. (a) A water-tight box, of timber or
iron within which work is carried on in building foundations or
structures below the water level. (b) A
hollow floating box, usually of iron, which serves to close the
entrances of docks and basins. (c) A
structure, usually with an air chamber, placed beneath a vessel
to lift or float it.
3. (Arch.) A sunk panel of ceilings or
soffits.
Pneumatic caisson (Engin.), a
caisson, closed at the top but open at the bottom, and resting
upon the ground under water. The pressure of air forced into the
caisson keeps the water out. Men and materials are admitted to
the interior through an air lock. See Lock.
Cai"tiff (?), a. [OE.
caitif, cheitif, captive, miserable, OF.
caitif, chaitif, captive, mean, wretched,
F. ch\'82tif, fr. L. captivus captive, fr.
capere to take, akin to E. heave. See
Heave, and cf. Captive.] 1.
Captive; wretched; unfortunate. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Base; wicked and mean; cowardly;
despicable.
Arnold had sped his caitiff flight.
W. Irving.
Cai"tiff, n. A captive; a
prisoner. [Obs.]
Avarice doth tyrannize over her caitiff and
slave.
Holland.
2. A wretched or unfortunate man.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
3. A mean, despicable person; one whose character
meanness and wickedness meet.
The deep-felt conviction of men that slavery breaks down
the moral character . . . speaks out with . . . distinctness in
the change of meaning which caitiff has undergone
signifying as it now does, one of a base, abject disposition,
while there was a time when it had nothing of this in it.
Trench.
Caj"e*put (?), n. See
Cajuput.
Ca*jole" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cajoled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cajoling.] [F. cajoler,
orig., to chatter like a bird in a cage, to sing; hence, to amuse
with idle talk, to flatter, from the source of OF.
goale, jaiole, F. ge\'93le, dim.
of cage a cage. See Cage,
Jail.] To deceive with flattery or fair
words; to wheedle.
I am not about to cajole or flatter you into a
reception of my views.
F. W. Robertson.
Syn. -- To flatter; wheedle; delude; coax; entrap.
Ca*jole"ment (?), n. The act of
cajoling; the state of being cajoled; cajolery.
Coleridge.
Ca*jol"er (?), n. A flatterer;
a wheedler.
Ca*jol"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Cajoleries (. A wheedling to
delude; words used in cajoling; flattery. \'bdInfamous
cajoleries.\'b8
Evelyn.
Caj"u*put (?), n. [Of Malayan
origin; k\'beyu tree + p\'d4tih
white.] (Med.) A highly stimulating
volatile infammable oil, distilled from the leaves of an East
Indian tree (Melaleuca cajuputi, etc.) It is greenish
in color and has a camphoraceous odor and pungent taste.
Caj"u*put*ene` (?), n.
(Chem.) A colorlees or greenish oil extracted
from cajuput.
Cake (?), n. [OE.
cake, kaak; akin to Dan. kage,
Sw. & Icel. kaka, D. koek,
G.kuchem, OHG. chuocho.]
1. A small mass of dough baked; especially, a thin
loaf from unleavened dough; as, an oatmeal cake;
johnnycake.
2. A sweetened composition of flour and other
ingredients, leavened or unleavened, baked in a loaf or mass of
any size or shape.
3. A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a
griddlecake or pancake; as buckwheat cakes.
4. A mass of matter concreted, congealed, or molded
into a solid mass of any form, esp. into a form rather flat than
high; as, a cake of soap; an ague
cake.
Cakes of rusting ice come rolling down the
flood.
Dryden.
Cake urchin (Zo\'94l), any species
of flat sea urchins belonging to the
Clypeastroidea. -- Oil cake the
refuse of flax seed, cotton seed, or other vegetable substance
from which oil has been expressed, compacted into a solid mass,
and used as food for cattle, for manure, or for other
purposes. -- To have one's cake dough, to
fail or be disappointed in what one has undertaken or
expected.
Shak.
Cake, v. i. To form into a cake, or
mass.
Cake, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Caked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caking.] To concrete or consolidate
into a hard mass, as dough in an oven; to coagulate.
Clotted blood that caked within.
Addison.
Cake, v. i. To cackle as a goose.
[Prov. Eng.]
Cak"ing coal` (?). See
Coal.
Cal (?), n. (Cornish
Mines) Wolfram, an ore of tungsten.
Simmonds.
Cal"a*bar (?), n. A district on
the west coast of Africa.
Calabar bean, The of a climbing legumious
plant (Physostigma venenosum), a native of tropical
Africa. It is highly poisonous. It is used to produce contraction
of the pupil of the eye; also in tetanus, neuralgia, and
rheumatic diseases; -- called also ordeal
bean, being used by the negroes in trials for
witchcraft.
Cal"a*bar*ine (?), n.
(Chem.) An alkaloid resembing physostigmine and
occurring with it in the calabar bean.
Cal"a*bash (?), n. [Sp.
calabaza, or Pg. calaba,
caba (cf. F. Calebasse), lit., a dry
gourd, fr. Ar. qar', fem., a kind of gourd +
aibas dry.] 1. The common gourd
(plant or fruit).
2. The fruit of the calabash tree.
3. A water dipper, bottle, backet, or other
utensil, made from the dry shell of a calabash or gourd.
Calabash tree. (Bot.), a tree of
tropical America (Crescentia cujete), producing a
large gourdike fruit, containing a purgative pulp. Its hard
shell, after the removal of the pulp, is used for cups, bottles,
etc. The African calabash tree is the
baobab.
Cal`a*boose" (?), n. [A
corruption of Sp. calabozo dungeon.] A
prison; a jail. [Local, U. S.]
\'d8Ca*lade" (?), n. [F.]
A slope or declivity in a manege ground down which a horse
is made to gallop, to give suppleness to his haunches.
\'d8Ca*la"di*um (?), n.
[NL.] A genus of aroideous plants, of which some
species are cultivated for their immense leaves (which are often
curiously blotched with white and red), and others (in Polynesia)
for food.
Cal"a*ite (?), n. [L.
cala\'8bs, Gr. cala\'8bte.]
A mineral. See Turquoise.
Cal`a*man"co (?), n. [LL.
calamancus, calamacus; cf.
camelaucum; a head covering made of camel's hair, NGr.
calmande a
woolen stuff.] A glossy woolen stuff, plain, striped,
or checked. \'bda gay calamanco waistcoat.\'b8
Tatler.
Cal"a*man`der wood (?). A valuable
furniture wood from India and Ceylon, of a hazel-brown color,
with black stripes, very hard in texture. It is a species of
ebony, and is obtained from the Diospyros qusesita.
Called also Coromandel wood.
{ Cal"a*mar (?), Cal"a*ma*ry,
} n. [LL. calamarium inkstand,
fr. L. calamus a reed pen: cf. F. calmar,
calemar, pen case, calamar.]
(Zo\'94l.) A cephalopod, belonging to the genus
Loligo and related genera. There are many species.
They have a sack of inklike fluid which they discharge from the
siphon tube, when pursued or alarmed, in order to confuse their
enemies. Their shell is a thin horny plate, within the flesh of
back, shaped very much like a quill pen. In America they are
called squids. See Squid.
Cal"am*bac (?), n. [F.
calambac, calambour, from Malay
Kalambaq a king of fragrant wood.]
(Bot.) A fragrant wood; agalloch.
Cal"am*bour (?), n. [See
Calambac.] A species of agalloch, or aloes
wood, of a dusky or mottled color, of a light, friable texture,
and less fragrant than calambac; -- used by cabinetmakers.
Cal`a*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
calamus reed + ferous.]
Producing reeds; reedy.
Cal"a*mine (?), n. [F.
calamine, LL. calamina, fr. L.
Cabmia. See Cadmia.] (min.)
A mineral, the hydrous silicate of zinc.
smithsonite.
Cal"a*mint (?), n. [OE.
calamint, calemente (cf. F.
calament) fr. L. calamintha, Gr.
Mint.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial
plants (Calamintha) of the Mint family, esp. the
C. Nepela and C. Acinos, which are called
also basil thyme.
Cal"a*mist (?), n. [L.
calamus a reed.] One who plays upon a reed
or pipe. [Obs.]
Blount.
Cal`a*mis"trate (?), v. i. [L.
calamistratus, curied with the curling iron, fr.
calamistrum curling iron, fr. calamus a
reed.] To curl or friz, as the hair.
[Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Cal`amis*tra"tion (?), n. The
act or process of curling the hair. [Obs.]
burton.
\'d8Cal`a*mis"trum (?), n. [L.,
a curling iron.] (Zo\'94l.) A comblike
structure on the metatarsus of the hind legs of certain spiders
(Ciniflonid\'91), used to curl certain fibers in the
construction of their webs.
Cal"a*mite (?), n. [L.
calamus a reed: cf. F. calamite.]
(Paleon.) A fossil plant of the coal formation,
having the general form of plants of the modern
Equiseta (the Horsetail or Scouring Rush family) but
sometimes attaining the height of trees, and having the stem more
or less woody within. See Acrogen, and
Asterophyllite.
Ca*lam"i*tous (?), a. [L.
Calamitosus; cf. F. calamiteux.]
1. Suffering calamity; wretched; miserable.
[Obs.]
Ten thousands of calamitous persons.
South.
2. Producing, or attended with distress and misery;
making wretched; wretched; unhappy. \'bdThis sad and
calamitous condition.\'b8 South. \'bdA
calamitous prison\'b8 Milton.
Syn. -- Miserable; deplorable; distressful; afflictive;
grievous; baleful; disastrous; adverse; unhappy; severe; sad;
unfortunate.
-- Ca*lam"i*tous*ly, adv. --
Ca*lam"i*tous*ness, n.
Ca*lam"i*ty (?) n.; pl.
Calamities (#). [L.
calamitas, akin to in-columis unharmed: cf.
F. calamit\'82] 1. Any great
misfortune or cause of misery; -- generally applied to events or
disasters which produce extensive evil, either to communities or
individuals.
The word calamity was first derived from
calamus when the corn could not get out of the
stalk.
Bacon.
Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch the
soul.
W. Irving.
2. A state or time of distress or misfortune;
misery.
The deliberations of calamity are rarely wise.
Burke.
Where'er I came I brought calamity.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- Disaster; distress; afflicition; adversity;
misfortune; unhappiness; infelicity; mishap; mischance; misery;
evil; extremity; exigency; downfall. --
Calamity, Disaster, Misfortune,
Mishap, Mischance. Of these words,
calamity is the strongest. It supposes a somewhat
continuous state, produced not usually by the direct agency of
man, but by natural causes, such as fire, flood, tempest,
disease, etc, Disaster denotes literally
ill-starred, and is some unforeseen and distressing
event which comes suddenly upon us, as if from hostile planet.
Misfortune is often due to no specific cause; it is
simply the bad fortune of an individual; a link in the chain of
events; an evil independent of his own conduct, and not to be
charged as a fault. Mischance and mishap
are misfortunes of a trivial nature, occurring usually to
individuals. \'bdA calamity is either public or
private, but more frequently the former; a disaster is
rather particular than private; it affects things rather than
persons; journey, expedition, and military movements are often
attended with disasters; misfortunes are
usually personal; they immediately affect the interests of the
individual.\'b8
Crabb.
Cal"a*mus (?), n.; pl.
Calami (#). [L., a reed. See
Halm.] 1. (Bot.) The
indian cane, a plant of the Palm family. It furnishes the common
rattan. See Rattan, and Dragon's blood.
2. (Bot.) A species of Acorus
(A. calamus), commonly called calamus, or
sweet flag. The root has a pungent, aromatic taste,
and is used in medicine as a stomachic; the leaves have an
aromatic odor, and were formerly used instead of rushes to strew
on floors.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The horny basal portion of
a feather; the barrel or quill.
\'d8Ca*lan"do (?), a.
[It.] (Mus.) Gradually diminishing in
rapidity and loudness.
Ca*lash" (?), n. [F.
cal\'8ache; of Slavonic origin; cf. Bohem.
kolesa, Russ. koliaska calash,
koleso, kolo, wheel.] 1.
A light carriage with low wheels, having a top or hood that
can be raised or lowered, seats for inside, a separate seat for
the driver, and often a movable front, so that it can be used as
either an open or a close carriage.
The baroness in a calash capable of holding
herself, her two children, and her servants.
W. Irving.
2. In Canada, a two-wheeled, one-seated vehicle,
with a calash top, and the driver's seat elevated in front.
3. A hood or top of a carriage which can be thrown
back at pleasure.
4. A hood, formerly worn by ladies, which could be
drawn forward or thrown back like the top of a carriage.
<-- p. 203 -->
Ca`la*ve"rite (, n.
(Min.) A bronze-yellow massive mineral with
metallic luster; a telluride of gold; -- first found in
Calaveras County California.
Cal*ca"ne*al (?), a.
(Anal.) Pertaining to the calcaneum; as,
calcaneal arteries.
\'d8Cal*ca"ne*um (?) n.; pl. E.
-neums, L. -nea. [L. the heel,
fr. calx, calcis, the heel.]
(Anal.) One of the bones of the tarsus which in
man, forms the great bone of the heel; -- called also
fibulare.
Cal"car (?), n. [L.
calcaria lime kiln, fr. calx,
calcis, lime. See Calx.] (Glass
manuf.) A kind of oven, or reverberatory furnace, used
for the calcination of sand and potash, and converting them into
frit.
Ure.
\'d8Cal"car, n.; L. pl.
Calcaria (#). [L., a pur, as worn
on the heel, also the spur of a cock, fr. calx,
calcis, the heel.] 1. (Bot.)
A hollow tube or spur at the base of a petal or
corolla.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A slender bony process
from the ankle joint of bats, which helps to support the
posterior part of the web, in flight.
3. (Anat.) (a) A spur, or
spurlike prominence. (b) A curved ridge in
the floor of the leteral ventricle of the brain; the calcar
avis, hippocampus minor, or
ergot.
{ Cal"ca*rate (?), Cal"ca*ra`ted
(?), } a. [LL.
calcaratus, fr. L. calcar. See 2d
Calcar.]
1. (Bot.) Having a spur, as the flower
of the toadflax and larkspur; spurred.
Gray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Armed with a spur.
Cal*ca"re*o-ar`gil*la"ceous (?), a.
consisting of, or containing, calcareous and argillaceous
earths.
Cal*ca"re*o-bi*tu"mi*nous (?), a.
Consisting of, or containing, lime and bitumen.
Lyell.
Cal*ca"re*o-si*li"ceous (?),
a.Consisting of, or containing calcareous and
siliceous earths.
Cal*ca"re*ous (?), a. [L.
calcarius pertaining to lime. See
Calx.] Partaking of the nature ofcalcite or
calcium carbonate; consisting of, or containg, calcium carbonate
or carbonate of lime.
Clcareous spar. See as
Calcite.
Cal*ca"re*ous*ness, n. Quality of being
calcareous.
Cal`ca*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
calcarius of lime + ferous.]
Lime-yielding; calciferous
Cal"ca*rine (?), a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, the
calcar of the brain.
Cal`ca*vel"la (?), n. A sweet
wine from Portugal; -- so called from the district of
Carcavelhos. [Written also Calcavellos or
Carcavelhos.]
Cal"ce*a"ted (?), a. [L.
calceatus, p. p. of pelceare to ahoe, fr.
catceus shoe, fr. calx, calcic,
heel.] Fitted with, or wearing,
shoes.
Johnson.
Calced (?), a. [See
Calceated.] Wearing shoes; calceated; -- in
distintion from discalced or barefooted; as
the calced Carmelites.
Cal"ce*don (?), n. [See
Chalcedony.] A foul vein, like chalcedony, in
some precious stones.
{ Cal`ce*don"ic (?),
Cal`ce*do"ni*an, } a. See
Chalcedonic.
Cal"ce*i*form` (?), a. [L.
calceus shoe + -form.]
(Bot.) Shaped like a plipper, as one petal of the
lady's-slipper; calceolate.
\'d8cal`ce*o*la"ri*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. L. calceolarius shoemaker, fr.
calceolus, a dim. of calceus shoe.]
(Bot.) A genus of showy herbaceous or shrubby
plant, biought from South America; slipperwort. It has a yellow
or purple flower, often spotted or striped, the shape of which
suggests its name.
Cal"ce*o*late (?), a. [See
Calceolaria.] Slipper-ahaped. See
Calceiform.
\'d8Cal"ces (?), n. pl. See
Calx.
Cal"cic (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime: cf. F.
calcique.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, derived from, or containing, calcium or lime.
Cal*cif"er*ouse (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime +
-ferous.] Bearing producing, or containing
calcite, or carbonate of lime.
Calciferouse epoch (Geol.), and
epoch in the American lower Silurian system, immediately
succeeding the Cambrian period. The name alludes to the peculiar
mixture of calcareous and siliceous characteristics in many of
the beds. See the Diagram under Grology.
Cal*cif"ic (?), a. Calciferous.
Specifically: (Zo\'94l.) of or pertaining to hte
portion of the which forms the eggshell in birds and
reptiles.
Huxley.
Cal`ci*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
(Physiol.) The process of chenge into a stony or
calcareous substance by the deposition of lime salt; -- normally,
as in the formation of bone and teeth; abnormally, as in
calcareous degeneration of tissue.
Cal"ci*fied (?), a. Consisting
of, or containing, calcareous matter or lime salts;
calcareous.
Cal"ci*form (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime +
-form.] In the form of chalk or lime.
Cal"ci*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Calcified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calcifying.] [L. calx,
calcis, lime + -fy.] To make
stony or calcareous by the deposit or secretion of salts of
lime.
Cal"ci*fy, v. i. To become changed into
a stony or calcareous condition, in lime is a principal
ingredient, as in the formation of teeth.
Cal*cig"e*nous (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime +
-genouse.] (Chem.) Tending to
form, or to become, a calx or earthlike substance on being
oxidized or burnt; as magnesium, calcium. etc.
Cal*cig"er*ous (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime +
-gerouse.] Holding lime or other earthy
salts; as, the calcigerous cells of the
teeth.
Cal"ci*mine (?), n. [L.
calx, calcis, lime.] A white or
colored wash for the ceiling or other plastering of a room,
consisting of a mixture of clear glue, Paris white or zinc white,
and water. [Also spelt
kalsomine.]
Cal"ci*mine, v. t. [imp. &p.
p. Calcimined (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Calcimining.] To wash or cover
with calcimine; as, to calcimine walls.
Cal"ci*mi`ner (?), n. One who
calcimines.
Cal*cin"a*ble (?), a. That may
be calcined; as, a calcinable fossil.
Cal"ci*nate (?), v. i. To
calcine. [R.]
Cal`ci*na"tion (?), n. [F.
calcination.]
1. (Chem.) The act or process of
disintegrating a substance, or rendering it friable by the action
of heat, esp. by the expulsion of some volatile matter, as when
carbonic and acid is expelled from carbonate of calcium in the
burning of limestone in order to make lime.
2. The act or process of reducing a metal to an
oxide or metallic calx; oxidation.
Cal*cin"a*to*ry (?), n. A
vessel used in calcination.
Cal*cine" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Calciden
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calcining.] [F. calciner,
fr. L. calx, calcis, lime. See
Calx.]
1. To reduce to a powder, or to a friable state, by
the action of heat; to expel volatile matter from by means of
heat, as carbonic acid from limestone, and thus (usually) to
produce disintegration; as to, calcine bones.
2. To oxidize, as a metal by the action of heat; to
reduce to a metallic calx.
Cal*cine", v. i. To be convereted into a
powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by the action of
heat. \'bdCalcining without fusion\'b8
Newton.
Cal*cin"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, calcines.
\'d8Cal`ci*spon"gi*\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. calx, calcis, lime +
spongia a sponge.] (Zo\'94l.) An
order of marine sponges, containing calcareous spicules. See
Porifera.
Cal"cite (?), n. [L.
calx, calcis, lime.]
(Min.) Calcium carbonate, or carbonate of lime.
It is rhombohedral in its crystallization, and thus distinguished
from aragonite. It includes common limestone, chalk, and marble.
Called also calc-spar and calcareous
spar.
Argentine is a pearly lamellar variety;
aphrite is foliated or chalklike; dogtooth
spar, a form in acute rhombohedral or scalenohedral
crystals; calc-sinter and calc-tufa are
lose or porous varieties formed in caverns or wet grounds from
calcareous deposits; agaric mineral is a soft, white
friable variety of similar origin; stalaclite and
stalagmite are varieties formed from the drillings in
caverns. Iceland spar is a transparent variety,
exhibiting the strong double refraction of the species, and hence
is called doubly refracting spar.
Cal"ci*trant (?), a. [L.
calcitrans, p. pr. of calcitrare to kick,
fr. calx, calcis , heel.]
Kicking. Hence: Stubborn; refractory.
Cal"ci*trate (?), v. i. & i.
[L. calcitratus, p. p. of calcitrare.
See Calcitrant.] To kick.
Cal`ci*tra"tion (?), n. Act of
kicking.
Cal"ci*um (?), n. [NL., from L.
calx, calcis, lime; cf F.
calcium. See Calx.] (Chem.)
An elementary substance; a metal which combined with oxygen
forms lime. It is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and
malleable. It is a member of the alkaline earth group of
elements. Atomic weight 40. Symbol Ca.
Calcium is widely and abundantly
disseminated, as in its compounds calcium carbonate or
limestone, calcium sulphate or gypsum, calcium
fluoride or fluor spar, calcium phosphate or
apatite.
Calcium light, an intense light produced by
the incandescence of a stick or ball of lime in the flame of a
combination of oxygen and hydrogen gases, or of oxygen and coal
gas; -- called also Drummond light.
Cal*civ"o*rous (?), a. [L.
calx lime + vorare to devour.]
Eroding, or eating into, limestone.
Cal*cog"ra*pher (?), n. One who
practices calcography.
{ Cal`co*graph"ic (?),
Cal`co*graph"ic*al, } a. Relating
to, or in the style of, calcography.
Cal*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [L.
calx, calcis, lime, chalk +
-graphy.] The art of drawing with
chalk.
Calc"-sin`ter (?), n. [G.
kalk (L. calx, calcis) lime + E.
sinter.] See under Calcite.
Calc"-spar` (?), n. [G.
kalk (L. calx) lime E.
spar.] Same as Calcite.
Calc"-tu`fa (?), n. [G.
kalk (l. calx) lime + E.
tufa.] See under Calcite.
Cal"cu*la*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
calculable.] That may be calculated or
ascertained by calculation.
Cal"cu*la*ry (?), a. [L.
calculus a pebble, a calculus; cf
calcularius pertaining to calculation.]
(Med.) Of or pertaining to calculi.
Cal"cu*la*ry, n. A congeries of little
stony knots found in the pulp of the pear and other fruits.
Cal"cu*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Calculater
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calculating
(?).] [L, calculatus, p. p.
of calculate, fr. calculus a pebble, a
stone used in reckoning; hence, a reckoning, fr. calx,
calcis, a stone used in gaming, limestone. See
Calx.] 1. To ascertain or determine
by mathematical processes, usually by the ordinary rules of
arithmetic; to reckon up; to estimate; to compute.
A calencar exacity calculated than any othe.
North.
2. To ascertain or predict by mathematical or
astrological computations the time, circumstances, or other
conditions of; to forecast or compute the character or
consequences of; as, to calculate or cast one's
nativity.
A cunning man did calculate my birth.
Shak.
3. To adjust for purpose; to adapt by forethought
or calculation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of means to
an end; as, to calculate a system of laws for the
government and protection of a free people.
[Religion] is . . . calculated for our benefit.
Abp. Tillotson.
4. To plan; to expect; to think.
[Local, U. S.]
Syn. -- To compute; reckon; count; estimate; rate.
-- To Calculate, Compute.
Reckon, Count. These words indicate the means
by which we arrive at a given result in regard to quantity. We
calculate with a view to obtain a certain point of
knowledge; as, to calculate an eclipse. We
compute by combining given numbers, in order to learn
the grand result. We reckon and count in
carrying out the details of a computation. These words are also
used in a secondary and figurative sense.
\'bdCalculate is rather a conjection from what is, as
to what may be; computation is a rational estimate of
what has been, from what is; reckoning is a conclusive
conviction, a pleasing assurance that a thing will happen;
counting indicates an expectation. We
calculate on a gain; we compute any loss
sustained, or the amount of any mischief done; we
reckon on a promised pleasure; we count the
hours and minutes until the time of enjoyment arrives\'b8
Crabb.
Cal"cu*late (?), v. i. To make
a calculation; to forecast caonsequences; to estimate; to
compute.
The strong passions, whether good or bad, never
calculate.
F. W. Robertson.
Cal"cu*la`ted (?), p. p. & a.
1. Worked out by calculation; as
calculated tables for computing interest; ascertained
or conjectured as a result of calculation; as, the
calculated place of a planet; the calculated
velocity of a cannon ball.
2. Adapted by calculation, contrivance. or
forethought to accomplish a purpose; as, to use arts
calculated to deceive the people.
3. Likely to produce a certain effect, whether
intended or not; fitted; adapted; suited.
The only danger that attends multiplicity of publication is,
that some of them may be calculated to injure rather
than benefit society.
Goldsmith.
The minister, on the other hand, had never gone through an
experience calculated to lead him beyond the scope of
generally received laws
.
Hawthorne.
Cal"cu*la`ting (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to mathematical calculations; performing or
able to perform mathematical calculations.
2. Given to contrivance or forethought;
forecasting; scheming; as, a cool calculating
disposition.
Calculating machine, a machine for the
mechanical performance of mathematical operations, for the most
part invented by Charles Babbage and G. and E. Scheutz. It
computes logarithmic and other mathematical tables of a high
degree of intricacy, imprinting the results on a leaden plate,
from which a stereotype plate is then directly made.
Cal"cu*la`ting, n. The act or process of
making mathematical computations or of estimating results.
Cal`cu*la"tion (?), n. [OE.
calculation, fr. L. calculatio; cf. OF.
calcucation.] 1. The act or
process, or the result, of calculating; computation; reckoning,
estimate. \'bdThe calculation of eclipses.\'b8
Nichol.
The mountain is not so his calculation makes
it.
Boyle.
2. An expectation based on cirumstances.
The lazy gossips of the port,
Abborrent of a calculation crost,
Began to chafe as at a personal wrong.
Tennyson.
Cal"cu*la*tive (?), a. Of or
pertaining to calculation; involving calculation.
Long habits of calculative dealings.
Burke.
Cal"cu*la*tor (?), n. [L.: cf.
F. calculateur.] One who computes or
reckons: one who estimates or considers the force and effect of
causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the
effects.
Ambition is no exact calculator.
Burke.
Cal"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L.
calculatorius.] Belonging to
calculation.
Sherwood.
Cal"cule (?), n. [F.
calcul, fr. L. calculus. See
Calculus.] Reckoning; computation.
[Obs.]
Howell.
Cal"cule, v. i. To calculate
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cal"cu*li (?), n. pl. See
Calculus.
Cal"cu*lous (?), a. [L.
calculosus.] 1. Of the nature of a
calculus; like stone; gritty; as, a calculous
concretion.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Caused, or characterized, by the presence of a
calculus or calculi; a, a calculous disorder; affected
with gravel or stone; as, a calculous
person.
Cal"cu*lus (?), n.; pl.
Calculi (#) [L, calculus. See
Calculate, and Calcule.] 1.
(Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part
of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as
reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as,
biliary calculi; urinary calculi,
etc.
2. (Math.) A method of computation; any
process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any branch of
mathematics that may involve calculation.
Barycentric calculus, a method of treating
geometry by defining a point as the center of gravity of certain
other points to which co\'89fficients or weights are
ascribed. -- Calculus of functions, that
branch of mathematics which treats of the forms of functions that
shall satisfy given conditions. -- Calculus of
operations, that branch of mathematical logic that
treats of all operations that satisfy given conditions. --
Calculus of probabilities, the science that treats
of the computation of the probabilities of events, or the
application of numbers to chance. -- Calculus of
variations, a branch of mathematics in which the laws
of dependence which bind the variable quantities together are
themselves subject to change. -- Differential
calculus, a method of investigating mathematical
questions by using the ratio of certain indefinitely small
quantities called differentials. The problems are
primarily of this form: to find how the change in some variable
quantity alters at each instant the value of a quantity dependent
upon it. -- Exponential calculus, that part
of algebra which treats of exponents. -- Imaginary
calculus, a method of investigating the relations of
real or imaginary quantities by the use of the imaginary symbols
and quantities of algebra. -- Integral calculus,
a method which in the reverse of the differential, the
primary object of which is to learn from the known ratio of the
indefinitely small changes of two or more magnitudes, the
relation of the magnitudes themselves, or, in other words, from
having the differential of an algebraic expression to find the
expression itself.
<-- p. 204 -->
Cal"dron (?), n. [OE.
caldron, caudron, caudroun, OF.
caudron, chauderon, F. chaudron,
an aug. of F. chaudi\'8are, LL. caldaria,
fr. L. caldarius suitable for warming, fr.
caldus, calidus, warm, fr.
calere to be warm; cf. Skr. \'87r\'be to
boil. Cf. Chaldron, Calaric,
Caudle.] A large kettle or boiler of copper,
brass, or iron. [Written also
cauldron.] \'bdCaldrons of
boiling oil.\'b8
Prescott.
\'d8Ca*l\'8ache" (?), n. [F.
cal\'8ache.] See Calash.
Cal`e*do"ni*a (?), n. The
ancient Latin name of Scotland; -- still used in poetry.
Cal`e*do"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Caledonia or Scotland; Scottish; Scotch. --
n. A native or inhabitant of Caledonia or
Scotland.
Ca*led"o*nite (?), n.
(Min.) A hydrous sulphate of copper and lead,
found in some parts of Caledonia or Scotland.
Cal`e*fa"cient (?), a. [L.
calefaciens p. pr. of calefacere to make
warm; calere to be warm + facere to
make.] Making warm; heating. [R.]
Cal`e*fa"cient, n. A substance that
excites warmth in the parts to which it is applied, as
mustard.
Cal`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L.
calefactio: cf. F. cal\'82faction.]
1. The act of warming or heating; the production of
heat in a body by the action of fire, or by communication of heat
from other bodies.
2. The state of being heated.
Cal`e*fac"tive (?), a. See
Calefactory. [R.]
Cal`e*fac"tor (?), n. A heater;
one who, or that which, makes hot, as a stove, etc.
Cal`e*fac"to*ry (?), a. [L.
calefactorius.] Making hot; producing or
communicating heat.
Cal`e*fac"to*ry, n. 1.
(Eccl.) An apartment in a monastery, warmed and
used as a sitting room.
2. A hollow sphere of metal, filled with hot water,
or a chafing dish, placed on the altar in cold weather for the
priest to warm his hands with.
Cal"e*fy (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Calefied
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calefying.] [L. calere to be
warm + -fy] To make warm or hot.
Cal"e*fy, v. i. To grow hot or
warm.
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8Cal"em*bour` (?), n.
[F.] A pun.
Cal"en*dar (?), n. [OE.
kalender, calender, fr. L.
kalendarium an interest or account book (cf. F.
calendrier, OF. calendier) fr. L.
calendue, kalendae, calends. See
Calends.] 1. An orderly arrangement
of the division of time, adapted to the purposes of civil life,
as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a register of the year
with its divisions; an almanac.
2. (Eccl.) A tabular statement of the
dates of feasts, offices, saints' days, etc., esp. of those which
are liable to change yearly according to the varying date of
Easter.
3. An orderly list or enumeration of persons,
things, or events; a schedule; as, a calendar of
state papers; a calendar of bills presented in a
legislative assemblly; a calendar of causes arranged for
trial in court; a calendar of a college or an
academy.
Shepherds of people had need know the calendars
of tempests of state.
Bacon.
Calendar clock, one that shows the days of the
week and month. -- Calendar month. See under
Month. -- French Republican calendar.
See under Vend\'82miaire. --
Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar,
Perpetual calendar. See under
Gregorian, Julian, and
Perpetual.
Cal"en*dar, v. t. [Imp. & p.
p. Calendared (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Calendaring.] To enter or
write in a calendar; to register.
Waterhouse.
Cal`en*da"ri*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the calendar or a calendar.
Cal"en*da*ry (?), a.
Calendarial. [Obs.]
Cal"en*der (?), n. [F.
calandre, LL. calendra, corrupted fr. L.
cylindrus a cylinder, Gr. Cylinider.] 1. A machine, used
for the purpose of giving cloth, paper, etc., a smooth, even, and
glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for
watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists of
two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the
necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.
2. One who pursues the business of
calendering.
My good friend the calender.
Cawper.
Cal"en*der (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Calendered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calendering.] [Cf. F.
calandrer. See Calender, n.]
To press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth
and glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper,
etc.
Ure.
Cal"en*der, n. [Per.
qalender.] One of a sect or order of
fantastically dressed or painted dervishes.
Cal`en*dog"ra*pher (?), n.
[Calendar + -graph +
er.] One who makes calendars.
[R.]
Cal"en*drer (?), n. A person
who calenders cloth; a calender.
{ Ca*len"dric (?), Ca*len"dric*al
(?), } a., Of or pertaining to a
calendar.
Cal"ends (?), n. pl. [OE.
kalendes month, calends, AS. calend month,
fr. L. calendae; akin to calare to call,
proclaim, Gr. Claim.]
The first day of each month in the ancient Roman
calendar. [Written also kalends.]
The Greek calends, a time that will never
come, as the Greeks had no calends.
\'d8Ca*len"du*la (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. calendae calends.] (Bot.)
A genus of composite herbaceous plants. One species,
Calendula officinalis, is the common marigold, and was
supposed to blossom on the calends of every month, whence the
name.
Ca*len"du*lin (?), n.
(Chem.) A gummy or mucilaginous tasteless
substance obtained from the marigold or calendula, and analogous
to bassorin.
Cal"en*ture (?), n. [F.
calenture, fr. Sp. calenture heat, fever,
fr. calentar to heat, fr. p. pr. of L. calere to
be warm.] (Med.) A name formerly
given to various fevers occuring in tropics; esp. to a form of
furious delirium accompanied by fever, among sailors, which
sometimes led the affected person to imagine the sea to be a
green field, and to throw himself into it.
Cal"en*ture, v. i. To see as in the
delirium of one affected with calenture.
[Poetic]
Hath fed on pageants floating through the air
Or calentures in depths of limpid flood.
Wordsworth.
Ca*les"cence (?), n. [L.
calescens, p.pr. of
calescere, incho. of calere to be warm.]
Growing warmth; increasing heat.
Calf (?), n.; pl.
Calves (#). [OE. calf,
kelf, AS. cealf; akin to D.
kalf, G. kalb, Icel. k\'belfr,
Sw. kalf, Dan. kalv, Goth.
kalb\'d3; cf. Skr. garbha fetus, young, Gr.
grabh to seize, conceive, Ir.
colpa, colpach, a calf. \'fb222.]
1. The young of the cow, or of the Bovine family of
quadrupeds. Also, the young of some other mammals, as of the
elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and whale.
2. Leather made of the skin of the calf;
especially, a fine, light-colored leather used in bookbinding;
as, to bind books in calf.
3. An awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly
person; a dolt. [Colloq.]
Some silly, doting, brainless calf.
Drayton.
4. A small island near a larger; as, the
Calf of Man.
5. A small mass of ice set free from the submerged
part of a glacier or berg, and rising to the surface.
Kane.
6. [Cf. Icel. k\'belfi.] The
fleshy hinder part of the leg below the knee.
Calf's-foot jelly, jelly made from the feet of
calves. The gelatinous matter of the feet is extracted by
boiling, and is flavored with sugar, essences, etc.
Calf"skin` (?), n. The hide or
skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin.
\'d8Ca"li (?), n. (Hindoo
Myth.) The tenth avatar or incarnation of the god
Vishnu. [Written also Kali.]
{ Cal"i*ber, Cal"ibre }
(?), n. [F. calibre, perh.
fr. L. qualibra of what pound, of what weight; hence,
of what size, applied first to a ball or bullet; cf. also Ar.
q\'belib model, mold. Cf. Calipers,
Calivere.]
1. (Gunnery) The diameter of the bore,
as a cannon or other firearm, or of any tube; or the weight or
size of the projectile which a firearm will carry; as, an 8
inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber.
The caliber of empty tubes.
Reid.
A battery composed of three guns of small
caliber.
Prescott.
caliber of firearms is expressed in
various ways. Cannon are often designated by the weight of a
solid spherical shot that will fit the bore; as, a 12-pounder;
pieces of ordnance that project shell or hollow shot are
designated by the diameter of their bore; as, a 12 inch mortar or
a 14 inch shell gun; small arms are designated by hundredths of
an inch expressed decimally; as, a rifle of .44 inch
caliber.
2. The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of
a bullet or column.
3. Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind.
Burke.
Caliber compasses. See Calipers.
-- Caliber rule, a gunner's calipers, an
instrument having two scales arranged to determine a ball's
weight from its diameter, and conversely. -- A ship's
caliber, the weight of her armament.
Cal"i*brate (?), v. i. To
ascertain the caliber of, as of a thermometer tube; also, more
generally, to determine or rectify the graduation of, as of the
various standards or graduated instruments.
Cal`ibra"*tion (?), n. The
process of estimating the caliber a tube, as of a thermometer
tube, in order to graduate it to a scale of degrees; also, more
generally, the determination of the true value of the spaces in
any graduated instrument.
Cal"ice (?), n. [See
Calice.] See Chalice.
Cal"i*cle (?), n. [L.
caliculus a small cup, dim. of calicis, a
cup. Cf Calycle.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) One of the small cuplike cavities, often with
elevated borders, covering the surface of most corals. Each is
formed by a polyp. (b) One of the cuplike structures
inclosing the zooids of certain hydroids. See
Campanularian. [Written also
calycle. See Calycle.]
Cal"i*co (?), n.; pl.
Calicoes (#). [So called because
first imported from Calicut, in the East Indies: cf.
F. calicot.] 1. Plain white cloth
made from cotton, but which receives distinctive names according
to quality and use, as, super calicoes, shirting
calicoes, unbleached calicoes, etc.
[Eng.]
The importation of printed or stained colicoes
appears to have been coeval with the establishment of the East
India Company
.
Beck (Draper's Dict. ).
2. Cotton cloth printed with a figured
pattern.
calico is
applied only to the printed fabric.
Calico bass (Zo\'94l.), an edible,
fresh-water fish (Pomoxys sparaides) of the rivers and
lake of the Western United States (esp. of the Misissippi
valley.), allied to the sunfishes, and so called from its
variegated colors; -- called also calicoback,
grass bass, strawberry
bass, barfish, and
bitterhead. -- Calico
printing, the art or process of impressing the figured
patterns on calico.
Cal"i*co (?), a. Made of, or
having the apperance of, calico; -- often applied to an animal,
as a horse or cat, on whose body are large patches of a color
strikingly different from its main color. [Colloq. U.
S.]
Cal"i*co*back` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The calico bass.
(b) An hemipterous insect (Murgantia
histrionica) which injures the cabbage and other garden
plants; -- called also calico bug and
harlequin cabbage bug.
{ Ca*lic"u*lar (?), a.
Ca*lic"u*late (?), } a.
Relating to, or resembling, a cup; also improperly used for
calycular, calyculate.
Cal"id (?), a. [L.
calidus, fr. calere to be hot.]
Hot; burning; ardent. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ca*lid"i*ty (?), n. Heat.
[Obs.]
Cal"i*duct (?), n. [See
Caloriduct.] A pipe or duct used to convey
hot air or steam.
Subterranean caliducts have been introduced.
Evelyn.
{ Ca"lif (?), n.,
Cal"i*fate (?), } n., etc.
Same as Caliph, Caliphate, etc.
Cal`i*for"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to California. -- n. A
native or inhabitant of California.
Cal`i*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
caligatio, fr. caligare to emit vapor, to
be dark, from caligo mist, darkness.]
Dimness; cloudiness. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ca*lig`i*nos"ity (?), n. [L.
caliginosus dark. See Caligation.]
Darkness. [R.]
G. Eliot.
Ca*lig"i*nous (?), a. [L.
caliginosus; cf. F. caligineux.]
Affected with darkness or dimness; dark; obscure.
[R.]
Blount.
The caliginous regions of the air.
Hallywell.
-- Ca*lig"i*nous*ly, adv. --
Ca*lig"i*nous*ness, n.
\'d8Ca*li"go (?), n. [L.,
darkness.] (Med.) Dimness or obscurity of
sight, dependent upon a speck on the cornea; also, the speck
itself.
Cal`i*graph"ic (?), a. See
Calligraphic.
Ca*lig"ra*phy (?), n. See
Caligraphy.
\'d8Ca"lin (?), n. [F., fr.
Malay kelany tin, or fr. Kala'a, a town in
India, fr. which it came.] An alloy of lead and tin,
of which the Chinese make tea canisters.
Cal`i*pash" (?), n. [F.
carapace, Sp. carapacho. Cf
Calarash, Carapace.] A part of a
turtle which is next to the upper shell. It contains a fatty and
gelatinous substance of a dull greenish tinge, much esteemed as a
delicacy in preparations of turtle.
Cal"i*pee (?), n. [See
Calipash] A part of a turtle which is
attached to the lower shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous
substance of a light yellowish color, much esteemed as a
delicacy.
Thackeray.
Cal"i*pers (?), n. pl.
[Corrupted from caliber.] An
instrument, usually resembling a pair of dividers or compasses
with curved legs, for measuring the diameter or thickness of
bodies, as of work shaped in a lathe or planer, timber, masts,
shot, etc.; or the bore of firearms, tubes, etc.; -- called also
caliper compasses, or caliber
compasses.
Caliper square, a draughtsman's or mechanic's
square, having a graduated bar and adjustable jaw or jaws.
Knight. -- Vernier calipers. See
Vernier.
Ca"liph (?), n. [OE.
caliphe, califfe, F. calife (cf.
Sp. califa), fr. Ar. khal\'c6fan successor,
fr. khalafa to succed.] Successor or vicar;
-- a title of the successors of Mohammed both as temporal and
spiritual rulers, now used by the sultans of Turkey,
[Writting also calif.]
Cal"i*phate (?), n. [Cf. F.
califat.] The office, dignity, or
government of a caliph or of the caliphs.
Ca*lip"pic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Calippus, an Athenian astronomer.
Calippic period, a period of seventy-six
years, proposed by Calippus, as an improvement on the Metonic
cycle, since the 6940 days of the Metonic cycle exceeded 19 years
by about a quarter of a day, and exceeded 235 lunations by
something more.
Cal`i*sa"ya bark (?). A valuable kind of
Peruvian bark obtained from the Cinchona Calisaya, and
other closely related species.
\'d8Cal`is*the"ne*um, n. [NL.]
A gymnasium; esp. one for light physical exercise by women
and children.
Cal`is*then"is (?), a. [Gr.
Of or pertaining to calisthenics.
Cal`is*then"ics (?), n. The
science, art, or practice of healthful exercise of the body and
limbs, to promote strength and gracefulness; light
gymnastics.
Cal"i*ver (?), n. [Corrupted
fr. caliber.] An early form of hand gun,
variety of the arquebus; originally a gun having a regular size
of bore. [Obs.]
Shak.
\'d8Ca"lix (?), n. [L.]
A cup. See Calyx.
Calk (?), v. t.
[imp. &p. p. Calked (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Calking.]
[Either corrupted fr. F. calfater (cf. Pg.
calafetar, Sp. calafetear), fr. Ar.
qalafa to fill up crevices with the fibers of palm
tree or moss; or fr. OE. cauken to tred, through the
French fr. L. calcare, fr. calx heel. Cf.
Calk to copy, Inculcate.] 1.
To drive tarred oakum into the seams between the planks of
(a ship, boat, etc.), to prevent leaking. The calking is
completed by smearing the seams with melted pitch.
2. To make an indentation in the edge of a metal
plate, as along a seam in a steam boiler or an iron ship, to
force the edge of the upper plate hard against the lower and so
fill the crevice.
Calk (?), v. t.
[E.calquer to trace, It. caicare to
trace, to trample, fr. L. calcare to trample, fr.
calx heel. Cf. Calcarate.] To
copy, as a drawing, by rubbing the back of it with red or black
chalk, and then passing a blunt style or needle over the lines,
so as to leave a tracing on the paper or other thing against
which it is laid or held. [Writting also
calque]
<-- p. 205 -->
Calk (?), n. [Cf. AS
calc shoe, hoof, L. calx,
calcis, hel, c\'84lcar, spur.]
1. A sharp-pointed piece or iron or steel
projecting downward on the shoe of a nore or an ox, to prevent
the animal from slipping; -- called also
calker, calkin.
2. An instrument with sharp points, worn on the
sole of a shoe or boot, to prevent slipping.
Calk (?), v. i. 1. To
furnish with calks, to prevent slipping on ice; as, to
calk the shoes of a horse or an ox.
2. To wound with a calk; as when a horse injures a
leg or a foot with a calk on one of the other feet.
Calk"er (?), n. 1. One
who calks.
2. A calk on a shoe. See Calk,
n., 1.
Calk"in (?), n. A calk on a
shoe. See Calk, n., 1.
Calk"ing (?), n. The act or
process of making seems tight, as in ships, or of furnishing with
calks, as a shoe, or copying, as a drawing.
Calking iron, a tool like a chisel, used in
calking ships, tightening seams in ironwork, etc.
Their left hand does the calking iron guide.
Dryden.
Call (?), v. i.
[imp.& p. p. Called (?);
p. r. & vb. n. Calling] [OE.
callen, AS. ceallin; akin to Icel & Sw.
kalla, Dan. kalde, D. kallen to
talk, prate, Gr. gar to praise. Cf. Garrulous.]
1. To command or request to come or be present; to
summon; as, to call a servant.
Call hither Clifford; bid him come amain
Shak.
2. To summon to the discharge of a particular duty;
to designate for an office, or employment, especially of a
religious character; -- often used of a divine summons; as,
to be called to the ministry; sometimes, to invite;
as, to call a minister to be the pastor of a
church.
Paul . . . called to be an apostle
Rom. i. 1.
The Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the
work whereunto I have called them.
Acts xiii. 2.
3. To invite or command to meet; to convoke; --
often with together; as, the President
called Congress together; to appoint and summon;
as, to call a meeting of the Board of
Aldermen.
Now call we our high court of Parliament.
Shak.
4. To give name to; to name; to address, or speak
of, by a specifed name.
If you would but call me Rosalind.
Shak.
And God called the light Day, and the darkness he
called Night.
Gen. i. 5.
5. To regard or characterize as of a certain kind;
to denominate; to designate.
What God hath cleansed, that call not thou
common.
Acts x. 15.
6. To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely;
to characterize without strict regard to fact; as, they
call the distance ten miles; he called it a
full day's work.
[The] army is called seven hundred thousand
men.
Brougham.
7. To show or disclose the class, character, or
nationality of. [Obs.]
This speech calls him Spaniard.
Beau. & Fl.
8. To utter in a loud or distinct voice; -- often
with off; as, to call, or call
off, the items of an account; to call the roll of a
military company.
No parish clerk who calls the psalm so clear.
Gay.
9. To invoke; to appeal to.
I call God for a witness.
2 Cor. i. 23 [Rev. Ver. ]
10. To rouse from sleep; to awaken.
If thou canst awake by four o' the clock.
I prithee call me. Sleep hath seized me wholly.
Shak.
To call a bond, to give notice that the amount
of the bond will be paid. -- To call a party
(Law), to cry aloud his name in open court, and
command him to come in and perform some duty requiring his
presence at the time on pain of what may befall him. --
To call back, to revoke or retract; to recall; to
summon back. -- To call down, to pray for, as
blessing or curses. -- To call forth, to
bring or summon to action; as, to call forth all the
faculties of the mind. -- To call in,
(a) To collect; as, to call in debts or
money; ar to withdraw from cirulation; as, to call in
uncurrent coin. (b) To summon to one's side; to invite
to come together; as, to call in neighbors. --
To call (any one) names, to apply contemptuous
names (to any one). -- To call off, to summon
away; to divert; as, to call off the attention;
to call off workmen from their employment. --
To call out. (a) To summon to fight; to
challenge. (b) To summon into service; as, to call
out the militia. -- To call over, to
recite separate particulars in order, as a roll of names. --
To call to account, to demand explanation of.
-- To call to mind, to recollect; to revive in
memory. -- To call to order, to request to
come to order; as: (a) A public meeting, when opening it
for business. (b) A person, when he is transgressing the
rules of debate. -- To call to the bar, to
admit to practice in courts of law. -- To call
up. (a) To bring into view or recollection; as
to call up the image of deceased friend. (b)
To bring into action or discussion; to demand the consideration
of; as, to call up a bill before a legislative body.
Syn. -- To name; denominate; invite; bid; summon; convoke;
assemble; collect; exhort; warn; proclaim; invoke; appeal to;
designate. To Call, Convoke,
Summon. Call is the generic term; as, to
call a public meeting. To convoke is to
require the assembling of some organized body of men by an act of
authority; as, the king convoked Parliament. To
summon is to require attendance by an act more or less
stringent anthority; as, to summon a witness.
Call, v. i. 1. To speak in loud
voice; to cry out; to address by name; -- sometimes with
to.
You must call to the nurse.
Shak.
The angel of God called to Hagar.
Gen. xxi. 17.
2. To make a demand, requirement, or request.
They called for rooms, and he showed them one.
Bunyan.
3. To make a brief visit; also, to stop at some
place designated, as for orders.
He ordered her to call at the house once a
week.
Temple.
To call for (a) To demand; to
require; as, a crime calls for punishment; a survey,
grant, or deed calls for the metes and bounds, or the
quantity of land, etc., which it describes.
(b) To give an order for; to request.
\'bdWhenever the coach stopped, the sailor called for
more ale.\'b8 Marryat. -- To call on,
To call upon, (a) To make a short
visit to; as, call on a friend.
(b) To appeal to; to invite; to request earnestly;
as, to call upon a person to make a speech.
(c) To solicit payment, or make a demand, of a
debt. (d) To invoke or play to; to worship;
as, to call upon God. -- To call
out To call or utter loudly; to brawl.
Call (?), n. 1. The
act of calling; -- usually with the voice, but often otherwise,
as by signs, the sound of some instrument, or by writing; a
summons; an entreaty; an invitation; as, a call for
help; the bugle's call. \'bdCall
of the trumpet.\'b8
Shak.
I rose as at thy call, but found thee not.
Milton.
2. A signal, as on a drum, bugle, trumpet, or pipe,
to summon soldiers or sailors to duty.
3. (Eccl.) An invitation to take charge
of or serve a church as its pastor.
4. A requirement or appeal arising from the
circumstances of the case; a moral requirement or appeal.
Dependence is a perpetual call upon hummanity.
Addison.
Running into danger without any call of duty.
Macaulay.
5. A divine vocation or summons.
St. Paul himself believed he did well, and that he had a
call to it, when he persecuted the Christians.
Locke.
6. Vocation; employment. [In this sense,
calling is generally used.]
7. A short visit; as, to make a call
on a neighbor; also, the daily coming of a tradesman to
solicit orders.
The baker's punctual call.
Cowper.
8. (Hunting) A note blown on the horn to
encourage the hounds.
9. (Naut.) A whistle or pipe, used by
the boatswain and his mate, to summon the sailors to duty.
10. (Fowling) The cry of a bird; also a
noise or cry in imitation of a bird; or a pipe to call birds by
imitating their note or cry.
11. (Amer. Land Law) A reference to, or
statement of, an object, course, distance, or other matter of
description in a survey or grant reguiring or calling for a
carresponding object, etc., on the land.
12. The privilege to demand the delivery of stock,
grain, or any commodity, at a fixed, price, at or within a
certain time agreed on. [Brokers' Cant]
13. See Assessment, 4.
At call, On call,
liable to be demanded at any moment without previous notice;
as money on deposit. -- Call bird, a bird
taught to allure others into a snare. -- Call boy
(a) A boy who calls the actors in a theater; a boy
who transmits the orders of the captain of a vessel to the
engineer, helmsman, etc. (b) A waiting boy who
answers a cal, or cames at the ringing of a bell; a bell
boy. -- Call note, the note naturally used by
the male bird to call the female. It is artifically applied by
birdcatchers as a decoy. Latham. -- Call of
the house (Legislative Bodies), a calling
over the names of members, to discover who is absent, or for
other purposes; a calling of names with a view to obtaining the
ayes and noes from the persons named. -- Call to the
bar, admission to practice in the courts.
Cal"la (?), n. [Linn\'91us
derived Calla fr. Gr. calla, calsa, name of an
unknown plant, and Gr.
(Bot.) A genus of plants, of the order
Arace\'91.
Calla of cultivation is
Richardia Africana, belonging to another genus of the
same order. Its large spathe is pure white, surrounding a fleshy
spike, which is covered with minute apetalous flowers.
Cal"lat (?), n. Same as
Callet. [Obs.]
A callat of boundless tongue.
Shak.
Calle (?), n. [See
Caul.] A kind of head covering; a caul.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Call"er (?), n. One who
calls.
\'d8Cal"ler (?), a.
[Scot.] 1. Cool; refreshing; fresh;
as, a caller day; the caller
air.
Jamieson.
2. Fresh; in good condition; as,
caller berrings.
Cal"let (?), n. [Cf. Ir. &
Gael. caile a country woman, strumpet.] A
trull or prostitute; a scold or gossip. [Obs.]
[Written also callat.]
Cal"let v. i. To rail or scold.
[Obs.]
Brathwait.
Cal"lid (?), a. [L.
callidus, fr. callere to be thick-skinned,
to be hardened, to be practiced, fr. callum,
callus, callous skin, callosity, callousness.]
Characterized by cunning or shrewdness; crafty.
[R.]
Cal*lid"i*ty (?), n. [L.
calliditas.] Acuteness of discernment;
cunningness; shrewdness. [R.]
Her eagly-eyed callidity.
C. Smart.
Cal*lig"ra*pher (?), n. One
skilled in calligraphy; a good penman.
{ Cal`li*graph"ic (?),
Cal`li*graph"ic*al (?), } a.,
[Gr. calligraphique.] Of or pertaining to
calligraphy.
Excellence in the calligraphic act.
T. Warton.
Cal*lig"ra*phist (?), n. A
calligrapher
Cal*lig"ra*phy, n. [Gr.
calligraphie.] Fair or elegant
penmanship.
Call"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of one who calls; a crying aloud, esp. in order to
summon, or to attact the attention of, some one.
2. A summoning or convocation, as of
Parliament.
The frequent calling and meeting of Parlaiment.
Macaulay.
3. A divine summons or invitation; also, the state
of being divinely called.
Who hath . . . called us with an holy calling.
2 Tim. i. 9.
Give diligence to make yior calling . . . sure.
2 Pet. i. 10.
4. A naming, or inviting; a reading over or
reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtaining an
answer, as in legislative bodies.
5. One's usual occupation, or employment; vocation;
business; trade.
The humble calling of ter female parent.
Thackeray.
6. The persons, collectively, engaged in any
particular professions or employment.
To impose celibacy on wholy callings.
Hammond.
7. Title; appellation; name.
[Obs.]
I am more proud to be Sir Rowland's son
His youngest son, and would not change that
calling.
Shak.
Syn. -- Occupation; employment; business; trade; profession;
office; engagement; vocation.
Cal*li"o*pe (?), n. [L.
Calliope, Gr. kalli- (from kallos
beautiful) + 1.
(Class. Myth.) The Muse that presides over
eloquence and heroic poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the
nine Muses.
2. (Astron.) One of the astreids. See
Solar.
3. A musical instrument consisting of series of
steam whistles, toned to the notes of the scale, and played by
keys arranged like those of an organ. It is sometimes attached to
steamboat boilers.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A beautuful species of
humming bird (Stellula Calliope) of California and
adjacent regions.
\'d8Cal`li*op"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. pref. (Bot.) A popular
name given to a few species of the genus Careopsis,
especially to C. tinctoria of Arkansas.
Cal`li*pash" (, n. See
Calipash.
Cal`li*pee" (, n. See
Calipee.
Cal`li*pers (, n. pl. See
Calipers.
Cal`li*sec"tion (?), n. [L.
callere to be insensible + E.
section.] Painless vivisection; -- opposed
to sentisection.
B. G. Wilder.
{ Cal`lis*then"ic, a.,
Cal`lis*then"ics (?), n. }
See Calisthenic, Calisthenics.
Cal"li*thump` (?), n. A
somewhat riotous parade, accompanied with the blowing of tin
horus, and other discordant noises; also, a burlesque serenade; a
charivari. [U. S.]
Cal`li*thump"i*an (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a callithump. [U.
S.]
Cal*lo"san (?), a.
(Anat.) Of the callosum.
Cal"lose (?), a. [See
Callous.] (Bot.) Furnished with
protuberant or hardened spots.
Cal*los"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Callosities (#). [L.
callasitas; cf. F. calost\'82.]
A hard or thickened spot or protuberance; a hardening and
thickening of the skin or bark of a part, eps. as a result of
continued pressure or friction.
\'d8Cal*lo"sum (?), n. [NL.,
fr. callosus callous, hard.] (Anat.)
The great band commissural fibers which unites the two
cerebral hemispheres. See corpus callosum, under
Carpus.
Cal"lot (?), n. A plant coif or
skullcap. Same as Calotte.
B. Jonson.
Cal"lous (?), a. [L.
callosus callous hard, fr. callum,
callus, callous skin: cf. F.
calleux.] 1. Hardenes;
indurated. \'bdA callous hand.\'b8
Goldsmith. \'bdA callous ulcer.\'b8
Dunglison.
2. Hardened in mind; insensible; unfeeling;
unsusceptible. \'bdThe callous diplomatist.\'b8
Macaulay.
It is an immense blessing to be perfectly callous
to ridicule.
T. Arnold.
Syn. -- Obdurate; hard; hardened; indurated; insensible;
unfeeling; unsusceptible. See Obdurate.
-- Cal"lous*ly, adv. --
Cal"lous*ness, n.
A callousness and numbness of soul.
Bentley.
Cal"low (?), a. [OE.
calewe, calu, bald, AS. calu;
akin to D. kaal, OHG. chalo, G.
Kuhl; cf. L. calvus.]
1. Destitute of feathers; naked; unfledged.
An in the leafy summit, spied a nest,
Which, o'er the callow young, a sparrow pressed.
Dryden.
2. Immature; boyish; \'bdgreen\'b8; as, a
callow youth.
I perceive by this, thou art but a callow maid.
Old Play [1675].
Cal*low" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) [Named from its note.] A
kind of duck. See Old squaw.
Cal"lus (?), n. [L. See
Callous.] 1. (Med.)
(a) Same as Callosity. (b
The material of repair in fractures of bone; a substance
exuded at the site of fracture, which is at first soft or
cartilaginous in consistence, but is ultimately converted into
true bone and unites the fragments into a single piece.
2. (Hort.) The new formation over the
end of a cutting, before it puts out rootlets.
Calm (?), n. [OE.
calme, F. calme, fr. It. or Sp.
calma (cf. Pg. calma heat), prob. fr. LL.
cauma heat, fr. Gr. Caustic] Freodom from motion, agitation, or
disturbance; a cessation or abeence of that which causes motion
or disturbance, as of winds or waves; tranquility; stilness;
quiet; serenity.
The wind ceased, and there was a great calm.
Mark. iv. 39.
A calm before a storm is commonly a peace of a
man's own making.
South.
Calm, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Calmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calming.] [Cf. F. calmer.
See Calm, n.] 1. To make
calm; to render still or quet, as elements; as, to
calm the winds.
To calm the tempest raised by Eolus.
Dryden.
2. To deliver from agitation or excitement; to
still or soothe, as the mind or passions.
Passions which seem somewhat calmed.
Syn. -- To still; quiet; appease; ally; pacigy; tranquilize;
soothe; compose; assuage; check; restrain.
Calm (?), a.
[compar. Calmer (?);
super. Calmest (?)]
1. Not stormy; without motion, as of winds or
waves; still; quiet; serene; undisturbed.
\'bdCalm was the day.\'b8
Spenser.
Now all is calm, and fresh, and still.
Bryant.
2. Undisturbed by passion or emotion; not agitated
or excited; tranquil; quiet in act or speech.
\'bdCalm and sinless peace.\'b8 Milton.
\'bdWith calm attention.\'b8 Pope.
Such calm old age as conscience pure
And self-commanding hearts ensure.
Keble.
Syn. -- Still; quiet; undisturbed; tranquil; peaceful;
serene; composed; unruffled; sedate; collected; placid.
Calm"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, makes calm.
Calm"ly (?), adv. In a calm
manner.
The gentle stream which calmly flows.
Denham.
Calm"ness, n. The state of quality of
being calm; quietness; tranquillity; self-repose.
The gentle calmness of the flood.
Denham.
Hes calmness was the repose of conscious power.
E. Everett.
Syn. -- Quietness; quietude; stillness; tranquillity;
serenity; repose; composure; sedateness; placidity.
Cal"mucks (?), n. pl.;
sing. Calmuck. A branch of the Mongolian race
inbabiting parts of the Russian and Chinese empires; also
(sing.), the language of the Calmucks.
[Written also Kalmucks.]
Calm"y (?), a. [Fr.
Calm, n.] Tranquil; peaceful;
calm. [Poet.] \'bdA still and calmy
day\'b8
Spenser.
Cal"o*mel (?), n. [Gr.
calom\'82las.]
(Chem.) Mild chloride of mercury, Hg
Cal`o*res"cence (?), n. [L.
calor heat.] (Physics) The
conversion of obscure radiant heat info kight; the transmutation
of rays of heat into others of higher refrangibility.
Tyndall.
Ca*lor"ic (?), n. [L.
calor heat; cf. F. calorique.]
(Physics) The principle of heat, or the agent to
which the phenomena of heat and combustion were formerly
ascribed; -- not now used in scientific nomenclature, but
sometimes used as a general term for heat.
Caloric expands all bodies.
Henry.
Ca*lor"ic, a. Of or pertaining to
caloric.
Caloric engine, a kind of engine operated
air.
Cal`o*ric"ity (?), n.
(Physiol.) A faculty in animals of developing and
preserving the heat nesessary to life, that is, the animal
heat.
Ca*lor"i*duct (?), n. [L.
calor heat (fr. calere to warm) + E.
duct.] A tube or duct for conducting heat;
a caliduct.
Cal"o*rie (?), n. [F., fr. L.
calor heat.] (Physics) The unit
of heat according to the Frensc standard; the amount of heat
requires to raise the temperature of one kilogram (sometimes, one
gram) of water one degree centigrade, or from 0Foot pound.
Ca*lor`i*fa"cient (?), a.
(Physiol.) See Calorificient.
Ca*lor"i*fere (?), n. [F.
calorif\'8are, fr. L. calor heat +
ferre to bear.] An apparatus for conveying
and distributing heat, especially by means of hot water
circulating in tubes.
Ca*lor`i*fi"ant (?), a.
(Physiol.) See Calorificient.
Cal`o*rif"ic (?), a. [L.
calorificus; calor heat + facere
to make; cf. F. calorifique.] Possessing
the quality of producing heat; heating.
Calorific rays, the invisible, heating rays
which emanate from the sum, and burning and heated
bodies.
Ca*lor`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[Cf. F. calorification.] Production of
heat, esp. animal heat.
Ca*lor`i*fi"clent (?), a.
(Physiol.) Having, or relating to the power of
producing heat; -- applied to foods which, being rich in carbon,
as the fats, are supposed to give rise to heat in the animal body
by oxidation.
Cal`o*rim"e*ter (?), n. [L.
calor heat + -meter; cf. F.
calorim\'8atre.] 1.
(Physiol.) An apparatus for measuring the amount
of heat contained in bodies or developed by some mechanical or
chemical process, as friction, chemical combination, combustion,
etc.
2. (Engineering) An apparatus for
measuring the proportion of unevaporated water contained in
steam.
Ca*lor`i*met"ric (?), a. Of or
pertaining to process of using the calorimeter.
Satisfactory calorimetric results.
Nichol.
Cal`o*rim"e*try (?), n.
(Physics) Measurement of the quantities of heat
in bodies.
Ca*lor`i*mo"tor (?), n. [L.
calor heat + E. motor.]
(Physics) A voltaic battery, having a large
surface of plate, and producing powerful heating effects.
{ \'d8Ca*lotte" (?), Cal"lot
(?) }, n. [F. calotte,
dim. of cale a sort of flat cap. Cf.
Caul.] A close cap without visor or brim.
Especially: (a) Such a cap, worn by English serjeants at
law. (b) Such a cap, worn by the French cavalry under
their helmets. (c) Such a cap, worn by the clergy of the
Roman Catholic Church.
To assume the calotte, to become a
priest.
Cal"o*type (?), n. [Gr.
(Photog.) A method of taking photographic
pictures, on paper sensitized with iodide of silver; -- also
called Talbotype, from the inventor, Mr. Fox.
Talbot.
Ca*loy"er (?), n. [F., fr. NGr.
A monk of the Greek Church; a cenobite,
anchoret, or recluse of the rule of St. Basil, especially, one on
or near Mt. Athos.
Calque, v. t. See 2d Calk,
v. t.
{ Cal"trop (?), Cal"trap
(?), } n. [OE.
calketrappe, calletrappe, caltor (in both
senses), fr. AS. collr\'91ppe, calcetreppe,
sort of thistle; cf. F. chaussetrape star thistle,
trap, It. calcatreppo, calcatreppolo, star
thistle. Perh. from L. calx heel + the same word as E.
trap. See 1st Trap.] 1.
(Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants
(Tribulus) of the order Zygophylle\'91,
having a hard several-celled fruit, armed with stout spines, and
resembling the military instrument of the same name. The species
grow in warm countries, and are often very annoying to
cattle.
2. (Mil.) An instrument with four iron
points, so disposed that, any three of them being on the ground,
the other projects upward. They are scattered on the ground where
an enemy's cavalry are to pass, to impede their progress by
endangering the horses' feet.
Ca*lum"ba (?), n. [from
kalumb, its native name in Mozambique.]
(Med.) The root of a plant (Jateorrhiza
Calumba, and probably Cocculus palmatus),
indigenous in Mozambique. It has an unpleasantly bitter taste,
and is used as a tonic and antiseptic. [Written also
colombo, columbo, and
calombo.]
American calumba, the Frasera
Carolinensis, also called American
gentian. Its root has been used in medicine as bitter
tonic in place of calumba.
Ca*lum"bin (?), n.
(Chem.) A bitter principle extracted as a white
crystalline substance from the calumba root.
[Written also colombin, and
columbin]
Cal"u*met (?), n. [F.
calumet, fr. L. calamus reed. See
Halm, and cf. Shawm.] A kind of
pipe, used by the North American Indians for smoking tobacco. The
bowl is usually made of soft red stone, and the tube is a long
reed often ornamented with feathers.
Smoked the calumet, the Peace pipe,
As a signal to the nations.
Lowgfellow.
calumet is used as a symbol of peace.
To accept the calumet is to agree to terms of peace, and to
refuse it is to reject them. The calumet of peace is used to seal
or ratify contracts and alliances, and as an evidence to
strangers that they are welcome.
Ca*lum"ni*ate (?), v. i.
[Imp. & p. p. Calumniated; p.
pr. & vb. n. calumniating.] [L.
calumniatus, p. p. of calumniari. See
Calumny, and cf. Challenge, v.
t.] To accuse falsely and maliciously of a crime
or offense, or of something disreputable; to slander; to
libel.
Hatred unto the truth did always falsely report and
calumniate all godly men's doings.
Strype.
Syn. -- To asperse; slander; defame; vilify;
traduce; belie; bespatter; blacken; libel. See
Asperse.
Ca*lum"ni*ate, v. i. To propagate evil
reports with a design to injure the reputation of another; to
make purposely false charges of some offense or crime.
Ca*lum`ni*a"tion (?), n. False
accusation of crime or offense, or a malicious and false
representation of the words or actions of another, with a view to
injure his good name.
The calumniation of her principal counselors.
Bacon.
Ca*lum`ni*a"tor (?), n.
[L.] One who calumniates.
Syn. -- Slanderer; defamer; libeler; traducer.
Ca*lum"ni*a*to*ry (?), a.
Containing calumny; slanderous.
Montagu.
Ca*lum"ni*ous (?), a. [L.
calumniosus.] Containing or implying
calumny; false, malicious, and injurious to reputation;
slanderous; as, calumnious reports.
Virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes.
Shak.
. Slanderous; defamatory; scurrilous; opprobrious;
derogatory; libelous; abusive.
-- Ca*lum"ni*ous*ly, adv. --
Ca*lum"ni*ous*ness, n.
Cal"um*ny (?), n.; pl.
Calumnies (#). [L.
calumnia, fr. calvi to devise tricks,
deceive; cf. F. calomnie. Cf. Challenge,
n.] False accusation of a crime or offense,
maliciously made or reported, to the injury of another; malicious
misrepresentation; slander; detraction. \'bdInfamouse
calumnies.\'b8
Motley.
Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not
escape calumny.
Shak.
\'d8Cal*va"ri*a (?), n. [L. See
Calvary.] (Anat.) The bones of the
cranium; more especially, the bones of the domelike upper
portion.
Cal"va*ry (?), n. [L.
calvaria a bare skull, fr. calva the scalp
without hair. fr. calvus bald; cf. F.
calvaire.] 1. The place where
Christ was crucified, on a small hill outside of Jerusalem.
Luke xxiii. 33.
calvaria is a translation of
the Greek Golgotha.
Dr. W. Smith.
2. A representation of the crucifixion, consisting
of three crosses with the figures of Christ and the thieves,
often as large as life, and sometimes surrounded by figures of
other personages who were present at the crucifixion.
3. (Her.) A cross, set upon three steps;
-- more properly called cross calvary.
Calve (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Calved 3; p.
pr. & vb. n. Calving.] [AS.
cealfian. See Calf.] 1.
To bring forth a calf. \'bdTheir cow
calveth.\'b8
Job xxi. 10.
2. To bring forth young; to produce
offspring.
Canst thou mark when the hinds do calve?
Job xxxix. 1.
The grassy clods now calved.
Molton.
Cal"ver (?), v. i. 1.
To cut in slices and pickle, as salmon.
[Obs.]
For a change, leave calvered salmon and eat
sprats.
Massinger.
2. To crimp; as, calvered
salmon.
Nares.
Cal"ver, v. i. To bear, or be
susceptible of, being calvered; as, grayling's flesh will
calver.
Catton.
Calves"*snout (?), n.
(Bot.) Snapdragon.
Cal"vin*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
Calvinisme.] The theological tenets or
doctrines of John Calvin (a French theologian and reformer of the
16th century) and his followers, or of the so-called calvinistic
churches.
five points of Calvinism, are original sin
or total depravity, election or predestination, particular
redemption, effectual calling, and the perseverance of the
saints. It has been subject to many variations and modifications
in different churches and at various times.
Cal"vin*ist (?), n. [Cf. F.
Calviniste.] A follower of Calvin; a
believer in Calvinism.
{ Cal`vin*is"tic (?),
Cal`vin*is"tic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to Calvin, or Calvinism; following Calvin;
accepting or Teaching Calvinism. \'bdCalvinistic
training.\'b8
Lowell.
Cal"vin*ize (?), v. t. To
convert to Calvinism.
Calv"ish (?), a. Like a calf;
stupid.
Sheldon.
Calx (?), n.; pl. E.
Calxes (#), L. Calces
(#). [L. Calx, calcis.
limestone; cf. Gr. carraic rock Gael. carraig, W.
careg, stone. Cf. Chalk.]
1. (Chem.) (a) Quicklime.
[Obs.] (b) The substance which remains
when a metal or mineral has been subjected to calcination or
combustion by heat, and which is, or may be, reduced to a fine
powder.
oxides.
2. Broken and refuse glass, returned to the
post.
{ Ca*lyc`i*flo"ral (?),
cal*lyc`i*flo"rous (?), } a.
[L. calyx, -ycis, calyx +
flos, floris, flower.]
(Bot.) Having the petals and stamens adnate to
the calyx; -- applied to a subclass of dicotyledonous plants in
the system of the French botanist Candolle.
Ca*lyc"i*form (?), a. [L.
calyx, calycis, calyx +
-form.] (Bot.) Having the form
or appearance of a calyx.
{ Ca*lyc"i*nal (?), Cal"y*cine
(?), } a. (Bot.)
Pertaining to a calyx; having the nature of a calyx.
Cal"y*cle (?), n.
[L.calyculus small flower bud, calyx, dim. of
calyx. See Calyx, and cf.
Calicle.] (Bot.) A row of small
bracts, at the base of the calyx, on the outside.
Cal"y*cled (?), a. (Bot.)
Calyculate.
\'d8Cal`y*co*zo"a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of acalephs of
which Lucernaria is the type. The body is cup-shaped
with eight marginal lobes bearing clavate tentacles. An aboral
sucker serves for attachment. The interior is divided into four
large compartments. See Lucernarida.
Ca*lyc"u*lar (?), a.
(Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the bracts
of a calycle.
{ Ca*lyc"u*late (?),
Ca*lyc"u*la`ted (?) }, a.
(Bot.) Having a set of bracts resembling a
calyx.
Ca*lym"e*ne (?), n. [Gr. ( (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of trilobites characteristic of the Silurian
age.
Cal"yon (?), n. Flint or pebble
stone, used in building walls, etc.
Haliwell.
Ca*lyp"so (?), n. [The
Latinized Greek name of a beautiful nymph.]
(Bot.) A small and beautiful species of orchid,
having a flower variegated with purple, pink, and yellow. It
grows in cold and wet localities in the northern part of the
United States. The Calypso borealis is the only orchid
which reaches 68
Ca*lyp"tra (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr.
(Bot.) A little hood or veil, resembling an
extinguisher in form and position, covering each of the small
flaskike capsules which contain the spores of mosses; also, any
similar covering body.
Ca*lyp"tri*form (?), a.
[Calyptra + -form.] Having
the form a calyptra, or extinguisher.
Ca"lyx (?), n.; pl. E.
Calyxes (#), L. Calyces
(#). [L. calyx, -ycis,
fr. Gr. Chalice Helmet.] 1.
(Bot.) The covering of a flower. See
Flower.
calyx is usually green and
foliaceous, but becomes delicate and petaloid in such flowers as
the anemone and the four-o'clock. Each leaf of the calyx is
called a sepal.
2. (Anat.) A cuplike division of the
pelvis of the kidney, which surrounds one or more of the renal
papil\'91.
Cal*zoons" (?), n. pl. [F.
cale\'87ons (cf. It. calzoni breeches), fr.
L. calceus shoe.] Drawers.
[Obs.]
Cam (?), n. [Dan.
kam comb, ridge; or cf. W. Gael., and Ir.,
cam bet. See 1st Come.] 1.
(Med.) (a) A turning or sliding piece
which, by the shape of its periphery or face, or a groove in its
surface, imparts variable or intermittent motion to, or receives
such motion from, a rod, lever, or block brought into sliding or
rolling contact with it. (b) A curved wedge,
movable about an axis, used for forcing or clamping two pieces
together. (c) A projecting part of a wheel or
other moving piece so shaped as to give alternate or variable
motion to another piece against which its acts.
<-- p. 207 -->
Cams are much used in machinery involving
complicated, and irregular movements, as in the sewing machine,
pin machine, etc.
2. A ridge or mound of earth. [Prow.
Eng.]
Wright.
Cam wheel (Mach.), a wheel with one
or more projections (cams) or depressions upon its periphery or
upon its face; one which is set or shaped eccentrically, so that
its revolutions impart a varied, reciprocating, or intermittent
motion.
Cam (?), a. [See
Kam.] Crooked. [Obs.]
Ca*ma"ieu (?), n. [F.; of
unknown origin. Cf. Cameo.] 1. A
cameo. [Obs.]
Crabb.
2. (Fine Arts) Painting in shades of one
color; monochrome.
Mollett.
Ca*mail" (?), n. [F.
camail (cf. It. camaglio), fr. L.
caput head + source of E. mail.]
1. (Ancient Armor) A neck guard of chain
mall, hanging from the bascinet or other headpiece.
2. A hood of other material than mail; esp.
(Eccl.), a hood worn in church services, -- the amice,
or the like.
\'d8Cam`a*ra*sau"rus (?), n.
[NL. fr. Gr.
(Paleon.) A genus of gigantic American Jurassic
dinosaurs, having large cavities in the bodies of the dorsal
vertebr\'91.
\'d8Ca`ma*ril"la (?), n. [Sp.,
a small room.]
1. The private audience chamber of a king.
2. A company of secret and irresponsible advisers,
as of a king; a cabal or clique.
Cam"ass (?), n. [American
Indian name.] (Bot.) A blue-flowered
liliaceous plant (Camassia esculenta) of northwestern
America, the bulbs of which are collected for food by the
Indians. [Written also camas,
cammas, and quamash.]
Eastern cammass is Camassia
Fraseri.
Cam"ber (?), n. [Of.
cambre bent, curved; akin to F. cambrer to
vault, to bend, fr. L. camerare to arch over, fr.
camera vault, arch. See Chamber, and cf.
Camerate.] 1. (Shipbuilding)
An upward convexity of a deck or other surface; as, she
has a high camber (said of a vessel having an unusual
convexity of deck).
2. (Arch.) An upward concavity in the
under side of a beam, girder, or lintel; also, a slight upward
concavity in a straight arch. See Hogback.
Camber arch (Arch.), an arch whose
intrados, though apparently straight, has a slightly concave
curve upward. -- Camber beam (Arch.),
a beam whose under side has a concave curve upward.
Cam"ber, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cambered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cambering.] To cut bend to an
upward curve; to construct, as a deck, with an upward
curve.
Cam"ber, v. i. To curve upward.
Cam"ber*keeled (?), a.
(Naut.) Having the keel arched upwards, but not
actually hogged; -- said of a ship.
Cam"bi*al (?), a. [LL.
cambialis, fr. cambiars. See
Change.] Belonging to exchanges in commerce;
of exchange. [R.]
Cam"bist (?), n. [F.
cambiste, It. cambista, fr. L.
cambire to exchange. See Change.]
A banker; a money changer or broker; one who deals in bills
of exchange, or who is skilled in the science of exchange.
Cam"bist*ry (?), n. The science
of exchange, weight, measures, etc.
Cam"bi*um (?), n. [LL.
cambium exchange, fr. L. cambire to
exchange. It was supposed that cambium was sap changing into
wood.] 1. (Bot.) A series of
formative cells lying outside of the wood proper and inside of
the inner bark. The growth of new wood takes place in the
cambium, which is very soft.
2. (Med.) A fancied nutritive juice,
formerly supposed to orgiginate in the blood, to repair losses of
the system, and to promote its increase.
Dunglison.
Cam"blet (?), n. See
Camlet.
Cam*boge" (?), n. See
Gamboge.
Cam*boose" (?), n.
(Naut.) See Caboose.
Cam"bra*sine (?), n. A kind of
linen cloth made in Egypt, and so named from its resemblance to
cambric.
Cam"brel (?), n. See
Gambrel, n., 2.
Wright.
Cam"bri*a (?), n. The ancient
Latin name of Wales. It is used by modern poets.
Cam"bri*an (?), a. 1.
(Geog.) Of or pertaining to Cambria or
Wales.
2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the
lowest subdivision of the rocks of the Silurian or Molluscan age;
-- sometimes described as inferior to the Silurian. It is named
from its development in Cambria or Wales. See the
Diagram under Geology.
Cam"bri*an, n. 1. A native of
Cambria or Wales.
2. (Geol.) The Cambrian formation.
Cam"bric (?), n. [OE.
camerike, fr. Cambrai (Flemish
Kamerik), a city of France (formerly of Flanders),
where it was first made.] 1. A fine, thin,
and white fabric made of flax or linen.
He hath ribbons of all the colors i' the rainbow; . . .
inkles, caddises, cambrics, lawns.
Shak.
2. A fabric made, in imitation of linen cambric, of
fine, hardspun cotton, often with figures of various colors; --
also called cotton cambric, and
cambric muslin.
Cam"bro*Brit"on (?), n. A
Welshman.
Came (?), imp. of
Come.
Came (?), n. [Cf. Scot.
came, caim, comb, and OE. camet
silver.] A slender rod of cast lead, with or without
grooves, used, in casements and stained-glass windows, to hold
together the panes or pieces of glass.
Cam"el (?), n. [Oe.
camel, chamel, OF. camel,
chamel, F. chameau L. camelus,
fr. Gr. g\'bem\'bel,
Ar. jamal. Cf. As. camel, fr. L.
camelus.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
A large ruminant used in Asia and Africa for carrying
burdens and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability
to go a long time without drinking. Its hoofs are small, and
situated at the extremities of the toes, and the weight of the
animal rests on the callous. The dromedary (Camelus
dromedarius) has one bunch on the back, while the Bactrian
camel (C. Bactrianus) has two. The llama, alpaca, and
vicu\'a4a, of South America, belong to a related genus
(Auchenia).
2. (Naut.) A watertight structure (as a
large box or boxes) used to assist a vessel in passing over a
shoal or bar or in navigating shallow water. By admitting water,
the camel or camels may be sunk and attached beneath or at the
sides of a vessel, and when the water is pumped out the vessel is
lifted.
Camel bird (Zo\'94l.), the
ostrich. -- Camel locust (Zo\'94l.),
the mantis. -- Camel's thorn
(Bot.), a low, leguminous shrub (Alhagi
maurorum) of the Arabian desert, from which exudes a
sweetish gum, which is one of the substances called
manna.
Cam"el*backed` (?), a. Having a
back like a camel; humpbacked.
Fuller.
Ca*me"le*on (?), n. See
Chaceleon. [Obs.]
Ca*mel"li*a (?), n. [NL.; --
named after Kamel, a Jesuit who is said to have
brought it from the East.] (Bot.) An
Asiatic genus of small shrubs, often with shining leaves and
showy flowers. Camelia Japonica is much cultivated for
ornament, and C. Sassanqua and
C. Oleifera are grown in China for the oil
which is pressed from their seeds. The tea plant is now referred
to this genus under the name of Camellia Thea.
Ca*mel"o*pard (?), n. [LL.
camelopardus, L. camelopardalus,
camelopardalis, fr. Gr. cam\'82lopard. The camelopard has a
neck and head like a camel, and is spotted like a pard. See
Camel, and Pard.] (Zo\'94l.)
An African ruminant; the giraffe. See
Giraffe.
Came"lot (?), n. See
Camelet. [Obs.]
Cam"els*hair` (?), a. Of
camel's hair.
Camel's-hair pencil, a small brush used by
painters in water colors, made of camel's hair or similar
materials. -- Camel's-hair shawl. A name
often given to a cashmere shawl. See
Cashmere shawl under Cashmere.
Cam"e*o (?), n.; pl.
Cameos (#). [It cammeo;
akin to F. cam\'82e, cama\'8beu, Sp.
camafeo, LL. camaeus, camahutus;
of unknown origin.] A carving in relief, esp. one on a
small scale used as a jewel for personal adornment, or
like.
Cameo conch (Zo\'94l.), a large,
marine, univalve shell, esp. Cassis cameo, C.
rua, and allied species, used for cutting cameos. See
Quern conch.
Cam"e*ra (?), n.; pl. E.
Cameras (#), L. Camerae
(#). [L. vault, arch, LL., chamber. See
Chamber.] A chamber, or instrument having a
chamber. Specifically: The camera obscura when used
in photography. See Camera, and Camera
obscura.
Bellows camera. See under
Bellows. -- In camera (Law),
in a judge's chamber, that is, privately; as, a judge
hears testimony which is not fit for the open court in
camera. -- Panoramic, Pantascopic, camera, a
photographic camera in which the lens and sensitized plate
revolve so as to expose adjacent parts of the plate successively
to the light, which reaches it through a narrow vertical slit; --
used in photographing broad landscapes.
Abney.
Came"rade (?), n. See
Comrade, [Obs.]
Cam`e*ra*lis"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to finance and public revenue.
Cam`e*ra*lis"tics (?), n. [Cf.
F. cam\'82ralistique, G. kameralistik, fr.
L. camera vault, LL., chamber, treasury.]
The science of finance or public revenue.
\'d8Cam"e*ra lu"ci*da (?). [L.
camera chamber + L. lucidus,
lucida, lucid, light.] (Opt.) An
instrument which by means of a prism of a peculiar form, or an
arrangement of mirrors, causes an apparent image of an external
object or objects to appear as if projected upon a plane surface,
as of paper or canvas, so that the outlines may conveniently
traced. It is generally used with the microscope.
\'d8Cam"e*ra ob*scu"ra (?). [LL.
camera chamber + L. obscurus,
obscura, dark.] (Opt.) 1.
An apparatus in which the images of extermal objects, formed
by a convex lens or a concave mirror, are thrown on a paper or
other white surface placed in the focus of the lens or mirror
within a darkened chamber, or box, so that the oulines may be
traced.
2. (Photog.) An apparatus in which the
image of an external object or objects is, by means of lenses.
thrown upon a sensitized plate or surface placed at the back or
an extensible darkened box or chamber variously modifled; --
commonly called simply the camera.
Cam"er*ate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Camerated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Camerzting.] [L.
cameratus, p. p. of camerare. See
Camber.] 1. To build in the form of
a vault; to arch over.
2. To divide into chambers.
Cam`er*a"tion (?), n. [L.
cameratio.] A vaulting or arching
over. [R.]
\'d8Ca`mer*lin"go (?), n.
[It.] The papal chamberlain; the cardinal who
presides over the pope's household. He has at times possessed
great power. [Written also camerlengo and
camarlengo.]
{ Cam`e*ro"ni*an } (?),
n. A follower of the Rev. Richard
Cameron, a Scotch Covenanter of the time of Charies
II.
\'b5 Cameron and others refused to accept the
\'bdindulgence\'bd offered the Presbyterian clergy, insisted on
the Solemn league and Covenant, and in 1680 declared Charles II
deposed for tyranny, breach of faith, etc. Cameron was killed at
the battle of Airdmoss, but his followers became a denomination
(afterwards called Reformed Presbyterians) who refused to
recognize laws or institutions which they believed contrary to
the kingdom of Christ, but who now avail themselves of political
rights.
Cam"is (?), n. [See
Chemise.] A light, loose dress or robe.
[Also written camus.]
[Obs.]
All in a camis light of purple silk.
Spenser.
{ Cam`i*sade" (?), Cam`i*sa"do
(?), } n. [F. camisade
a night attack; cf. It. camiciata. See
Camis.] [Obs.] (Mil.)
(a) A shirt worn by soldiers over their uniform, in
order to be able to recognize one another in a night
attack. (b) An attack by surprise by soldiers
wearing the camisado.
Give them a camisado in night season.
Holinshed.
\'d8Cam"i*sard (?), n.
[F.] One of the French Protestant insurgents who
rebelled against Louis XIV, after the revocation of the edict of
Nates; -- so called from the peasant's smock (camise)
which they wore.
Cam"i*sa`ted (?), a. Dressed
with a shirt over the other garments.
\'d8Cam"i*sole (?), n. [F. See
chemise.] 1. A short dressing jacket
for women.
2. A kind of straitjacket.
Cam"let (?), n. [F.
camelot (akin to Sp. camelote,
chamelote, It. cambellbito,
ciambellotto, LL. camelotum,
camelinum, fr. Ar. khamlat camlet, fr.
kaml pile, plush. The word was early confused with
camel, camel's hair also being used in making it. Cf.
Calamanco] A woven fabric originally made of
camel's hair, now chiefly of goat's hair and silk, or of wool and
cotton. [Sometimes written camelot and
camblet.]
Beck (Draper's Dict. )
Cam"let*ed, a. Wavy or undulating like
camlet; veined.
Sir T. Herbert.
Cam"mas (?), n. (Bot.)
See Camass.
Cam"mock (?), n. [AS.
cammoc.] (Bot.) A plant having
long hard, crooked roots, the Ononis spinosa; --
called also rest-harrow. The Scandix
Pecten-Veneris is also called cammock.
{ Cam"o*mile, Cham"o*mile }
(?), n.[LL. camonilla,
corrupted fr. Gr. Humble, and
Melon.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs
(Anthemis) of the Composite family. The common
camomile, A. nobilis, is used as a popular remedy. Its
flowers have a strong and fragrant and a bitter, aromatic taste.
They are tonic, febrifugal, and in large doses emetic, and the
volatile oil is carminative.
\'d8Ca*mon"flet (?), n.
[F.] (Mil.) A small mine, sometimes
formed in the wall or side of an enemy's gallery, to blow in the
earth and cut off the retreat of the miners.
Farrow.
{ Ca"mous (?), Ca"moys
(?), } a. [F. camus
(equiv. to camard) flat-nosed, fr. Celtic
Cam croked + suff. -us; akin to L.
camur, camurus, croked.] Flat;
depressed; crooked; -- said only of the nose.
[Obs.]
Ca"moused, (, a. [From
Camouse] Depressed; flattened.
[Obs.]
Though my nose be cammoused.
B. Jonson
Ca"mous*ly, adv. Awry.
[Obs.]
Skelton.
Camp (?), n. [F.
camp, It. campo, fr. L. campus
plant, fleld; akin to Gr. Campaing,
Champ, n.] 1. The ground
or spot on which tents, huts, etc., are erected for shelter, as
for an army or for lumbermen, etc.
Shzk.
2. A collection of tents, huts, etc., for shelter,
commonly arranged in an orderly manner.
Forming a camp in the neighborhood of Boston.
W. Irving.
3. A single hut or shelter; as, a hunter's
camp.
4. The company or body of persons encamped, as of
soldiers, of surveyors, of lumbermen, etc.
The camp broke up with the confusion of a
flight.
Macaulay.
5. (Agric.) A mound of earth in which
potatoes and other vegetables are stored for protection against
frost; -- called also burrow and
pie. [Prov. Eng.]
6. [Cf. OE. & AS. camp contest, battle.
See champion.] An ancient game of football,
played in some parts of England.
Halliwell.
Camp bedstead, a light bedstead that can be
folded up onto a small space for easy transportation. --
camp ceiling (Arch.), a kind ceiling
often used in attics or garrets, in which the side walls are
inclined inward at the top, following the slope of the rafters,
to meet the plane surface of the upper ceiling. -- Camp
chair, a light chair that can be folded up compactly
for easy transportation; the seat and back are often made of
strips or pieces of carpet. -- Camp fever,
typhus fever. -- Camp follower, a
civilian accompanying an army, as a sutler, servant, etc. --
Camp meeting, a religious gathering for open-air
preaching, held in some retired spot, chiefty by Methodists. It
usualy last for several days, during which those present lodge in
tents, temporary houses, or cottages. -- Camp
stool, the same as camp chair, except that
the stool has no back. -- Flying camp
(Mil.), a camp or body of troops formed for rapid
motion from one place to another. Farrow. --
To pitch (a) camp, to set up the tents or huts of
a camp. -- To strike camp, to take down the
tents or huts of a camp.
Camp (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Camped (?);
p. pr. & vb n. Camping.] To
afford rest or lodging for, as an army or travelers.
Had our great palace the capacity
To camp this host, we all would sup together.
Shak.
<-- p. 208 -->\'3e
Camp, v. i. 1. To pitch or
prepare a camp; to encamp; to lodge in a camp; -- often with
out.
They camped out at night, under the stars.
W. Irving.
2. [See Camp, n., 6]
To play the game called camp. [Prov.
Eng.]
Tusser.
Cam*pa"gna (?), n. [It. See
Campaing.] An open level tract of country;
especially \'bdCampagna di Roma.\'b8 The extensive
undulating plain which surrounds Rome.
\'d8Cam`pa`gnol" (?), n. [F. ,
fr. campagne field.] (Zo\'94l.)
A mouse (Arvicala agrestis), called also
meadow mouse, which often does great damage in
fields and gardens, by feeding on roots and seeds.
Cam*paign" (?), n. [F.
campagne, It. campagna, fr. L.
Campania the level country about Naples, fr.
campus field. See Camp, and cf.
Champaign, Champagne.] 1.
An open field; a large, open plain without considerable
hills. SeeChampaign.
Grath.
2. (Mil.) A connected series of military
operations forming a distinct stage in a war; the time during
which an army keeps the field.
Wilhelm.
3. Political operations preceding an election; a
canvass. [Cant, U. S.]
4. (Metal.) The period during which a
blast furnace is continuously in operation.
Cam*paign" (?), v. i. To serve
in a campaign.
Cam*paign"er (?), n. One who
has served in an army in several campaigns; an old soldier; a
veteran.
Cam*pa"na (?), n. [LL.
campana bell. Cf. Campanle.]
1. (Eccl.) A church bell.
2. (Bot.) The pasque flower.
Drayton.
3. (Doric Arch.) Same as
Gutta.
Cam*paned" (?), a. (Her.)
Furnished with, or bearing, campanes, or bells.
\'d8Cam`pa*ne"ro (?), n. [Sp.,
a bellman.] (Zo\'94l.) The bellbird of
South America. See Bellbird.
Cam*panes" (?), n. pl. [See
Campana.] (Her.) Bells.
[R.]
\'d8Cam*pa"ni*a (?), n. [See
Campaig.] Open country.
Sir W. Temple.
Cam*pan"i*form (?), a. [LL.
campana bell + -form: cf. F.
companiforme.] Bell-shaped.
\'d8Cam`pa*ni"le (?), n. [It.
campanile bell tower, steeple, fr. It. & LL.
campana bell.] (Arch.) A bell
tower, esp. one built separate from a church.
Many of the campaniles od Italy are lofty and
magnificent atructures.
Swift.
Cam`pa*nil"i*form (?), a. [See
Campaniform.] Bell-shaped; campanulate;
campaniform.
Cam`pa*nol"o*gist (?), n. One
skilled in campanology; a bell ringer.
Cam`pa*nol"o*gy (?), n. [LL.
campana bell _ -logy.] The art
of ringing bells, or a treatise on the art.
\'d8Cam*pan"u*la (?), n. [LL.
campanula a little bell; dim. of campana
bell.] (Bot.) A large genus of plants
bearing bell-shaped flowers, often of great beauty; -- also
called bellflower.
Cam*pan`u*la"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of pertaining to, or resembling, the
family of plants (Camponulace\'91) of which Campanula
is the type, and which includes the Canterbury bell, the
harebell, and the Venus's looking-glass.
Cam*pan`u*la"ri*an (?), n. [L.
campanula a bell.] (Zo\'94l.) A
hydroid of the family ampanularid\'91, characterized
by having the polyps or zooids inclosed in bell-shaped calicles
or hydrothec\'91.
Cam*pan"u*late (?), a.
(Bot.) Bell-shaped.
Camp"bell*ite (?), n. [From
Alexander Campbell, of Virginia.]
(Eccl.) A member of the denomination called
Christians or Disciples of Christ. They themselves repudiate the
term Campbellite as a nickname. See
Christian, 3.
Cam*peach"y Wood` (?). [From the bay of
Campeachy, in Mexico.] Logwood.
Camp"er (?), n. One who lodges
temporarily in a hut or camp.
{ Cam*pes"tral (?),
Cam*pes"tri*an (?), } a.
[L. campester, fr. campus
field.] Relating to an open fields; drowing in a
field; growing in a field, or open ground.
Camp"tight` (?), n. [Cf.
Camp, n., 6.] (O. Eng. Law.)
A duel; the decision of a case by a duel.
Cam"phene (?), n. (Chem.)
One of a series of substances C10H16,
resembling camphor, regarded as modified terpenes.
Cam*phine" (?), n. [From
Camphor.] Rectified oil of turpentine, used
for burning in lamps, and as a common solvent in varnishes.
Cam"phire (?), n. An old
spelling of Camphor.
Cam"pho*gen (?), n.
[Camphor + -gen: -- formerly so called
as derived from camphor: cf. F. camphog\'8ane.]
(Chem.) See Cymene.
Cam"phol (?), n.
[Camphol + -ol.]
(Chem.) See Borneol.
Cam"phor (?), n. [OE.
camfere, F. camphre (cf. It.
camfara, Sp. camfara, alcanfor,
LL. camfora, camphara, NGr. k\'bef\'d4r, prob. fr. Skr.
karp\'d4ra.] 1. A tough, white,
aromatic resin, or gum, obtained from different species of the
Laurus family, esp. from Cinnamomum
camphara (the Laurus camphara of Linn\'91us.).
Camphor, C10H16O, is volatile and fragrant, and
is used in medicine as a diaphoretic, a stimulant, or
sedative.
2. A gum resembing ordinary camphor, obtained from
a tree (Dryobalanops camphora) growing in Sumatra and
Borneo; -- called also Malay camphor,
camphor of Borneo, or
borneol. See Borneol.
camphor is also applied to a
number of bodies of similar appearance and properties, as
cedar camphor, obtained from the red or pencil
cedar (Juniperus Virginiana), and peppermint
camphor, or menthol, obtained from the oil of
peppermint.
Camphor oil (Chem.), name variously
given to certain oil-like products, obtained especially from the
camphor tree. -- Camphor tree, a large
evergreen tree (Cinnamomum Camphora) with lax, smooth
branches and shining triple-nerved lanceolate leaves, probably
native in China, but now cultivated in most warm countries.
Camphor is collected by a process of steaming the chips of the
wood and subliming the product.
Cam"phor (?), v. t. To
impregnate or wash with camphor; to camphorate.
[R.]
Tatler.
Cam`pho*ra"ceous (?), a. Of the
nature of camphor; containing camphor.
Dunglison.
Cam"phor*ate (?), v. t. To
impregnate or treat with camphor.
Cam"phor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F.
camphorate.] (Chem.) A salt of
camphoric acid.
{ Cam"phor*ate (?), Cam"por*a`ted
(?), }Combined or impregnated with
camphor.
Camphorated oil, an oleaginous preparation
containing camphor, much used as an embrocation.
Cam*phor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
camphorique.] (Chem.) Of,
pertaining to, or derived from, camphor.
Camphoric acid, a white crystallizable
substance, C10H16O4, obtained from the oxidation
of camphor.
campholic acid,
C10H18O2, and camphoronic acid,
C9H12O5, white crystallizable substances.
Cam*phret"ic (?), a. [rom
Camphor.] Pertaining to, or derived from
camphor. [R.]
Camp"ing (?), n. 1.
Lodging in a camp.
2. [See Camp, n., 6]
A game of football. [Prov. Eng.]
Cam"pi*on (?), n. [Prob. fr. L.
campus field.] (Bot.) A plant of
the Pink family (Cucubalus bacciferus), bearing
berries regarded as poisonous.
Bladder campion, a plant of the Pink family
(Cucubalus Behen or Silene inflata), having
a much inflated calyx. See Behen. -- Rose
campion, a garden plant (Lychnis coronaria)
with handsome crimsome crimson flowers.
\'d8Cam"pus (?), n. [L., a
field.] The principal grounds of a college or school,
between the buildings or within the main inclosure; as, the
college campus.
Cam`py*lo*sper"mous (?), a.
[Gr. (Bot.)
Having seeds grooved lengthwise on the inner face, as in
sweet cicely.
Cam`py*lot"ro*pous (?), a. [Gr.
(Bot.) Having
the ovules and seeds so curved, or bent down upon themselves,
that the ends of the embryo are brought close together.
Cam"us (?), n. See
Camis. [Obs.]
Cam"wood (?), n. See
Barwood.
Can (?), an obs. form of
began, imp. & p. p. of Begin, sometimes used
in old poetry. [See Gan.]
With gentle words he can faile gree.
Spenser.
Can, n. [OE. & AS. canne;
akin to D. Kan, G. Kanne, OHG.
channa, Sw. Kanna, Dan.
kande.] 1. A drinking cup; a
vessel for holding liquids.
[Shak. ]
Fill the cup and fill can,
Have a rouse before the morn.
Tennyson.
2. A vessel or case of tinned iron or of sheet
metal, of various forms, but usually cylindrical; as, a
can of tomatoes; an oil can; a milk
can.
can may be a cylinder open at the top,
as for receiving the sliver from a carding machine, or with a
removable cover or stopper, as for holding tea, spices, milk,
oysters, etc., or with handle and spout, as for holding oil, or
hermetically sealed, in canning meats, fruits, etc. The name is
also sometimes given to the small glass or earthenware jar used
in canning.
Can (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Canned (?); p. pr. &vb.
n. Canning.] To preserve by
putting in sealed cans [U. S.]
\'bdCanned meats\'b8
W. D. Howells.
Canned goods, a general name for fruit,
vegetables, meat, or fish, preserved in hermetically sealed
cans.
Can (?), v. t. & i. [The
transitive use is obsolete.] [imp.
Could (#).] [OE.
cunnen, cannen (1st sing. pres. I
can), to know, know how, be able, AS. cunnan,
1st sing. pres. ic cann or can, pl.
cunnon, 1st sing. imp. c\'d4\'ebe (for
cun\'ebe); p. p. c\'d4\'eb (for
cun\'eb); akin to OS. Kunnan, D.
Kunnen, OHG. chunnan, G.
k\'94nnen, Icel. kunna, Goth.
Kunnan, and E. ken to know. The present
tense I can (AS. ic cann) was originally a
preterit, meaning I have known or Learned,
and hence I know, know how. \'fb45. See
Ken, Know; cf. Con, Cunning,
Uncouth.]
1. To know; to understand.
[Obs.]
I can rimes of Rodin Hood.
Piers Plowman.
I can no Latin, quod she.
Piers Plowman.
Let the priest in surplice white,
That defunctive music can.
Shak.
2. To be able to do; to have power or
influence. [Obs.]
The will of Him who all things can.
Milton.
For what, alas, can these my single arms?
Shak.
M\'91c\'91nas and Agrippa, who can most with
C\'91sar.
Beau. & Fl.
3. To be able; -- followed by an infinitive without
to; as, I can go, but do not wish
to.
Syn. -- Can but, Can not but. It is an
error to use the former of these phrases where the sens requires
the latter. If we say, \'bdI can but perish if I
go,\'b8 \'bdBut\'b8 means only, and denotes that this
is all or the worst that can happen. When the apostle Peter said.
\'bdWe can not but speak of the things which we have
seen and heard.\'b8 he referred to a moral constraint or
necessety which rested upon him and his associates; and the
meaning was, We cannot help speaking, We cannot refrain from
speaking. This idea of a moral necessity or constraint is of
frequent occurrence, and is also expressed in the phrase, \'bdI
can not help it.\'b8 Thus we say. \'bdI can not
but hope,\'b8 \'bdI can not but believe,\'b8
\'bdI can not but think,\'b8 \'bdI can not
but remark,\'b8 etc., in cases in which it would be an
error to use the phrase can but.
Yet he could not but acknowledge to himself that
there was something calculated to impress awe, . . . in the
sudden appearances and vanishings . . . of the masque
De Quincey.
Tom felt that this was a rebuff for him, and could not
but understand it as a left-handed hit at his employer.
Dickens.
Ca"naan*ite (?), n. 1.
A descendant of Canaan, the son of Ham, and grandson of
Noah.
2. A Native or inbabitant of the land of Canaan,
esp. a member of any of the tribes who inhabited Canaan at the
time of the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.
Ca"naan*ite, n. [From an Aramaic word
signifying \'bdzeal.\'b8] A zealot. \'bdSimon
the Canaanite.\'b8
Matt. x. 4.
Luke
vi. 15), i.e., Simon the zealot.
Kitto.
Ca"naan*i`tish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Canaan or the Canaanites.
\'d8Ca*\'a4a"da (?), n.
[Sp.] A small ca\'a4on; a narrow valley or glen;
also, but less frequently, an open valley. [Local,
Western U. S.]
Can"a*da (?), n. A British
province in North America, giving its name to various plants and
animals.
Canada balsam. See under Balsam.
-- Canada goose. (Zo\'94l.) See
Whisky Jack. -- Canada lynx.
(Zo\'94l.) See Lynx. -- Canada
porcupine (Zo\'94l.) See Porcupine,
and Urson. -- Canada rice
(Bot.) See under Rick. --
Canada robin (Zo\'94l.), the cedar
bird.
Ca*na"di*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Canada. -- n. A native
or inhabitant of Canada.
Canadian period (Geol.), A
subdivision of the American Lower Silurian system embracing the
calciferous, Quebec, and Chazy epochs. This period immediately
follows the primordial or Cambrian period, and is by many
geologists regarded as the beginning of the Silurian age, See the
Diagram, under Geology.
Ca*naille" (?), n. [F.
canaille (cf. It. canaglia), prop. and
orig. a pack of dogs, fr. L. Canis dog.]
1. The lowest class of people; the rabble; the
vulgar.
2. Shorts or inferior flour.
[Canadian]
Can"a*kin (?), n. [Dim. of
can.] A little can or cup. \'bdAnd
let me the canakin clink.\'b8
Shak.
Ca*nal" (?), n. [F.
canal, from L. canalis canal, channel;
prob. from a root signifying \'bdto cut\'b8; cf. D.
kanaal, fr. the French. Cf. Channel,
Kennel gutter.]
1. An artificial channel filled with water and
designed for navigation, or for irrigating land, etc.
2. (Anat.) A tube or duct; as, the
alimentary canal; the semicircular canals of
the ear.
Canal boat, a boat for use on a canal; esp.
one of peculiar shape, carrying freight, and drawn by horses
walking on the towpath beside the canal. Canal
lock. See Lock.
Can"al coal` (?). See Cannel
coal.
{ Can`a*lic"u*late (?),
Can`a*lic"u*la`ted (?), } a.
[L. canaliculatus channeled, fr.
canaliculus, dim. of canalis. See
Canal.] Having a channel or groove, as in the
leafstalks of most palms.
\'d8Can`a*lic"u*lus (?), n.;
pl. Canaliculi (#).
[L.] (Anat.) A minute canal.
Ca*nal`i*za"tion (?), n.
Construction of, or furnishing with, a canal or
canals. [R.]
Ca*nard" (?), n. [F., properly,
a duck.] An extravagant or absurd report or story; a
fabricated sensational report or statement; esp. one set afloat
in the newspapers to hoax the public.
Can`a*rese" (?), a. Pertaining
to Canara, a district of British India.
Ca*na"ry (?), a. [F.
Canarie, L. Canaria insula one of the
Canary islands, said to be so called from its large dogs, fr.
canis dog.] 1. Of or pertaining to
the Canary Islands; as, canary wine; canary
birds.
2. Of a pale yellowish color; as,
Canary stone.
Canary grass, a grass of the genus
Phalaris (P. Canariensis), producing the
seed used as food for canary birds. -- Canary
stone (Min.), a yellow species of carnelian,
named from its resemblance in color to the plumage of the canary
bird. -- Canary wood, the beautiful wood of
the trees Persea Indica and P. Canariensis,
natives of Madeira and the Canary Islands. -- Canary
vine. See Canary bird flower, under
Canary bird.
Ca*na"ry, n.; pl. Canaries
(#). 1. Wine made in the Canary
Islands; sack. \'bdA cup of canary.\'b8
Shak.
2. A canary bird.
3. A pale yellow color, like that of a canary
bird.
4. A quick and lively dance.
[Obs.]
Make you dance canary
With sprightly fire and motion.
Shak.
Ca*na"ry (?), v. i. To perform
the canary dance; to move nimbly; to caper.
[Obs.]
But to jig of a tune at the tongue's end, canary to
it with your feet.
Shak.
Ca*na"ry bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A small singing bird of the Finch family (Serinus
Canarius), a native of the Canary Islands. It was brought
to Europe in the 16th century, and made a household pet. It
generally has a yellowish body with the wings and tail greenish,
but in its wild state it is more frequently of gray or brown
color. It is sometimes called canary
finch.<-- and canary. -->
<-- p. 209 -->
Canary bird flower (Bot.), a
climbing plant (Trop\'91olum peregrinum) with
canary-colored flowers of peculiar form; -- called also
canary vine.
Ca*nas"ter (?), n. [Sp.
canasta, canastro, basket, fr. L.
canistrum. See Canister.] A kind
of tobacco for smoking, made of the dried leaves, coarsely
broken; -- so called from the rush baskets in which it is packed
in South America.
McElrath.
Can" buoy` (?). See under Buoy,
n.
\'d8Can"can (?), n. [F.]
A rollicking French dance, accompanied by indecorous or
extravagant postures and gestures.
Can"cel (?), v. i.
[Imp. & p. p. Canceled Cancelled (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Canceling Cancelling.]
[L. cancellare to make like a lattice, to strike
or cross out (cf. Fr. canceller, OF.
canceler) fr. cancelli lattice, crossbars,
dim. of cancer lattice; cf. Gr. Chancel.] 1. To inclose or surround,
as with a railing, or with latticework. [Obs.]
A little obscure place canceled in with iron work
is the pillar or stump at which . . . our Savior was
scourged.
Evelyn.
2. To shut out, as with a railing or with
latticework; to exclude. [Obs.]
\'bdCanceled from heaven.\'b8
Milton.
3. To cross and deface, as the lines of a writing,
or as a word or figure; to mark out by a cross line; to blot out
or obliterate.
A deed may be avoided by delivering it up to be
cancelled; that is, to have lines drawn over it in the
form of latticework or cancelli; the phrase is now
used figuratively for any manner of obliterating or defacing
it.
Blackstone.
4. To annul or destroy; to revoke or recall.
The indentures were canceled.
Thackeray.
He was unwilling to cancel the interest created
through former secret services, by being refractory on this
occasion.
Sir W. Scott.
5. (Print.) To suppress or omit; to
strike out, as matter in type.
Canceled figures (Print), figures
cast with a line across the face., as for use in
arithmetics.
Syn. -- To blot out; Obliterate; deface; erase; efface;
expunge; annul; abolish; revoke; abrogate; repeal; destroy; do
away; set aside. See Abolish.
Can"cel, n. [See Cancel,
v. i., and cf. Chancel.]
1. An inclosure; a boundary; a limit.
[Obs.]
A prison is but a retirement, and opportunity of serious
thoughts, to a person whose spirit . . . desires no enlargement
beyond the cancels of the body.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Print) (a) The suppression
on striking out of matter in type, or of a printed page or
pages. (b) The part thus suppressed.
Can`cel*ier" (?), v. i. [F.
chanceler, OF. canseler, to waver, orig. to
cross the legs so as not to fall; from the same word as E.
cancel.] (Falconry) To turn in
flight; -- said of a hawk. [Obs.]
Nares.
He makes his stoop; but wanting breath, is forced
To cancelier.
Massinger.
{ Can`cel*ier" (?), Can"cel*eer
(?) }, n. (Falconry)
The turn of a hawk upon the wing to recover herself, when
she misses her aim in the stoop. [Obs.]
The fierce and eager hawks, down thrilling from the skies,
Make sundry canceliers are they the fowl can
reach.
Drayton.
Can`cel*la"re*an (?), a.
Cancellarean. [R.]
Can"cel*late (?), a. [L.
cancellatus, p. p. of cancellare, See
Cancel, v. t.] 1.
(Bot.) Consisting of a network of veins, without
intermediate parenchyma, as the leaves of certain plant;
latticelike.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the surface coveres
with raised lines, crossing at right angles.
Can"cel*la`ted (?), a. 1.
Crossbarres; marked with cross lines.
Grew.
2. (Anat.) Open or spongy, as some
porous bones.
Can`cel*la"tion (?), n. [L.
cancellatio: cf. F. cancellation.]
1. The act, process, or result of canceling;
as, the cansellation of certain words in a contract,
or of the contract itself.
2. (Math.) The operation of striking out
common factora, in both the dividend and divisor.
\'d8Can*cel"li (?), n. pl. [L.,
a lattice. See Cancel, v. t.]
1. An interwoven or latticed wall or inclosure;
latticework, rails, or crossbars, as around the bar of a court of
justice, between the chancel and the have of a church, or in a
window.
2. (Anat.) The interlacing osseous
plates constituting the elastic porous tissue of certain parts of
the bones, esp. in their articular extremities.
Can"cel*lous (?), a. [Cf. L.
cancellosus covered with bars.]
(Anat.) Having a spongy or porous stracture; made
up of cancelli; cancellated; as, the cancellous
texture of parts of many bones.
Can"cer (?), n. [L.
cancer, cancri, crab, ulcer, a sign of the
zodiac; akin to Gr. karka crab, and
prob. Skr. karkara hard, the crab being named from its
hard shell. Cf. Canner, Chancre.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of decapod
Crustacea, including some of the most common shore crabs of
Europe and North America, as the rock crab, Jonah crab, etc. See
Crab.
2. (Astron.) (a) The fourth of
the twelve signs of the zodiac. The first point is the northern
limit of the sun's course in summer; hence, the sign of the
summer solstice. See Tropic. (b) A
northern constellation between Gemini and Leo.
3. (Med.) Formerly, any malignant
growth, esp. one attended with great pain and ulceration, with
cachexia and progressive emaciation. It was so called, perhaps,
from the great veins which surround it, compared by the ancients
to the claws of a crab. The term it now restricted to such a
growth made up of aggregations of epithelial cells, either
without support or embedded in the meshes of a trabecular
framework.
(1)
Epithelial cancer, or Epithelioma, in which
there is no trabecular framework. See Epithelioma. (2)
Scirrhous cancer, or Hard cancer, in
which the framework predominates, and the tumor is of hard
consistence and slow growth. (3) Encephaloid, Medullary,
or Soft cancer, in which the cellular element
predominates, and the tumor is soft, grows rapidy, and often
ulcerates. (4) Colloid cancer, in which the
cancerous structure becomes gelatinous. The last three varieties
are also called carcinoma.
Cancer cells, cells once believed to be
peculiar to cancers, but now know to be epithelial cells
differing in no respect from those found elsewhere in the body,
and distinguished only by peculiarity of location and
grouping. -- Cancer root (Bot.),
the name of several low plants, mostly parasitic on roots, as
the beech drops, the squawroot, etc. -- Tropic of
Cancer. See Tropic.
Can"cer*ate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p.
Cancerated.] [LL. canceratus
eaten by a cancer. See Cancer.] To grow into
a canser; to become cancerous.
Boyle.
Can`cer*a"tion (?), n. The act
or state of becoming cancerous or growing into a cancer.
Can"cer*ite (?), n. [Cf. F.
canc\'82reux.] Like a cancer; having the
qualities or virulence of a cancer; affected with cancer.
\'bdCancerous vices.\'b8
G. Eliot.
-- Can"cer*ous*ly, adv. --
Can"cer*ous*ness, n.
Can"cri*form (?), a.
[Cancer + -form; cf. F.
cancriforme.] 1. Having the form
of, or resembling, a crab; crab-shaped.
2. Like a cancer; cancerous.
Can"crine (?), a. [From
Cancer.] Having the qualities of a crab;
crablike.
Can"cri*nite (?), n. [Named
after Count Cancrin, a minister of finance in
Russia.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in
hexagonal crystals, also massive, generally of a yellow color,
containing silica, alumina, lime, soda, and carbon dioxide.
Can"croid (?), a.
[Cancer + oid.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Resembling a crab; pertaining to the
Cancroidea, one of the families of crabs, including
the genus Cancer.
2. Like a cancer; as, a cancroid
tumor.
Cand (?), n. Fluor spar. See
Kand.
Can`de*la"brum (?) n.; pl. L.
Candelabra (#), E. Candelabrums
(#). [L., fr. candela candle. See
candle.] 1. (Antiq.)
(a) A lamp stand of any sort. (b)
A highly ornamented stand of marble or other ponderous
material, usually having three feet, -- frequently a votive
offering to a temple.
2. A large candlestick, having several
branches.
Can`dent (?), a. [L.
candens, p. pr. of cand\'89re to glitter.
See Candid.] Heated to whiteness; glowing
with heat. \'bdA candent vessel.\'b8
Boyle.
\'d8Can"de*ros (?), n. An East
Indian resin, of a pellucid white color, from which small
ornaments and toys are sometimes made.
Can*des"cence (?), n. See
Inclandescence.
Can"di*cant (?), a. [L.
candicans, p. pr. of candicare to be
whitish.] Growing white. [Obs.]
<-- #sic. glowing white? -->
Can*did (?), a. [F.
candide (cf. It. candido), L.
candidus white, fr. cand\'89re to be of a
glowing white; akin to accend,
incend, to set on fire, Skr. chand to
shane. Cf. Candle, Incense.] 1.
White. [Obs.]
The box receives all black; but poured from thence,
The stones came candid forth, the hue of
innocence.
Dryden.
2. Free from undue bias; disposed to think and
judge according to truth and justice, or without partiality or
prejudice; fair; just; impartial; as, a candid
opinion. \'bdCandid and dispassionate
men.\'b8
W. Irving.
3. Open; frank; ingenuous; outspoken.
Syn. -- Fair; open; ingenuous; impartial; just; frank;
artless; unbiased; equitable. -- Candid,
Fair, Open, Frank, Ingenuous.
A man is fair when he puts things on a just or
equitable footing; he is candid when be looks
impartially on both sides of a subject, doing justice especially
to the motives and conduct of an opponent; he is open
and frank when he declares his sentiments without
reserve; he is ingenuous when he does this from a
noble regard for truth. Fair dealing;
candid investigation; an open temper; a
frank disposition; an ingenuous answer or
declaration.
Can"di*da*cy (?), n. The
position of a candidate; state of being a candidate;
candidateship.
Can"di*date (?), n. [L.
Candidatus, n. (because candidates for office in Rome
were clothed in a white toga.) fr. candidatus clothed
in white, fr. candiduslittering, white: cf. F.
candidat.] One who offers himself, or is
put forward by others, as a suitable person or an aspirant or
contestant for an office, privilege, or honor; as, a
candidate for the office of governor; a
candidate for holy orders; a candidate for
scholastic honors.
Can"di*date*ship, n. Candidacy.
Can"di*da`ting (?), n. The
taking of the position of a candidate; specifically, the
preaching of a clergyman with a view to settlement.
[Cant, U. S.]
Can"di*da*ture (?), n.
Candidacy.
Can"did*ly (?), adv. In a
candid manner.
Can"did*ness, n. The quality of being
candid.
Can"died (?), a. [From 1st
Candy.] 1. Preserved in or with
sugar; incrusted with a candylike substance; as,
candied fruits.
2. (a) Converted wholly or partially into
sugar or candy; as candied sirup. (b)
Conted or more or less with sugar; as,
candidied raisins. (c)
Figuratively; Honeyed; sweet; flattering.
Let the candied tongue lick absurd pomp.
Shak.
3. Covered or incrusted with that which resembles
sugar or candy.
Will the cold brook,
Candiedwith ice, caudle thy morning tast?
Shak.
Can"di*fy (?), v. t.
[L. candificare; cand\'89re to be
white + -facere to make.] To make or become
white, or candied. [R.]
Can"di*ot (?), a. [Cf. F.
candiote.] Of or pertaining to Candia;
Cretary.
Can"dite (?), n. (Min.)
A variety of spinel, of a dark color, found at Candy, in
Ceylon.
Can"dle (?), n. [OE.
candel, candel, AS, candel, fr.
L. candela a (white) light made of wax or tallow, fr.
cand\'89re to be white. See Candid, and cf.
Chandler, Cannel, Kindle.]
1. A slender, cylindrical body of tallow,
containing a wick composed of loosely twisted linen of cotton
threads, and used to furnish light.
How far that little candle throws his beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world.
Shak.
candles\'b8), or by casting or running in a
mold.
2. That which gives light; a luminary.
By these blessed candles of the night.
Shak.
Candle nut, the fruit of a euphorbiaceous
shrub (Aleurites triloba), a native of some of the
Pacific islands; -- socalled because, when dry, it will burn with
a bright flame, and is used by the natives as a candle. The oil
has many uses. -- Candle power
(Photom.), illuminating power, as of a lamp, or
gas flame, reckoned in terms of the light of a standard
candle. Electric candle, A modification of
the electric arc lamp, in which the carbon rods, instead of being
placed end to end, are arranged side by side, and at a distance
suitable for the formation of the arc at the tip; -- called also,
from the name of the inventor, Jablockoff candle.
-- Excommunication by inch of candle, a form of
excommunication in which the offender is allowed time to repent
only while a candle burns. -- Not worth the
candle, not worth the cost or trouble. --
Rush candle, a candle made of the pith of certain
rushes, peeled except on one side, and dipped in grease. --
Sale by inch of candle, an auction in which
persons are allowed to bid only till a small piece of candle
burns out. -- Standard candle
(Photom.), a special form of candle employed as a
standard in photometric measurements; usually, a candle of
spermaceti so constructed as to burn at the rate of 120 grains,
or 7.8 grams, per hour. -- To curse by bell, book and
candle. See under Bell.
Can"dle*ber`ry tree (?). (Bot.)
A shrub (the Myrica cerifera, or wax-bearing
myrtle), common in North America, the little nuts of which are
covered with a greenish white wax, which was formerly, used for
hardening candles; -- also called bayberry
tree, bayberry, or
candleberry.
Can"dle*bomb` (#), n. 1.
A small glass bubble, filled with water, which, if placed in
the flame of a candle, bursts by expansion of steam.
2. A pasteboard shell used in signaling. It is
filled with a composition which makes a brilliant light when it
explodes.
Farrow.
Can"dle coal` (#). See Cannel
coal.
Can"dle*fish` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A marine fish
(Thaleichthys Pacificus), allied to the smelt, found
on the north Pacific coast; -- called also
eulachon. It is so oily that, when dried, it
may be used as a candle, by drawing a wick through it.
(b) The beshow.
Can"dle*hold`er (#), n. One
who, or that which, holds a candle; also, one who assists
another, but is otherwise not of importance.
Shak.
Can"dle*light`, n. The light of a
candle.
Never went by candlelight to bed.
Dryden.
Can"dle*mas (#), n. [AS.
candelm\'91sse, candel candle _
m\'91sse mass.] The second day of February,
on which is celebrated the feast of the Purification of the
Virgin Mary; -- so called because the candles for the altar or
other sacred uses are blessed on that day.
Can"dle*stick` (?), n. [AS.
candel-sticca; candel candle +
sticca stick.] An instrument or utensil for
supporting a candle.
Can"dle*wast`er (?), n. One who
consumes candles by being up late for study or dissipation.
A bookworm, a candlewaster.
B. Jonson.
Can"dock (?) n. [Prob. fr.
can + dock (the plant). Cf. G. kannenkraut
horsetail, lit. \'bdcanweed.\'b8] (Bot.) A
plant or weed that grows in rivers; a species of of
Equisetum; also, the yellow frog lily (Nuphar
luteum).
Can"dor (?), n. [Written also
candour.] [L. candor, fr.
cand\'89re; cf. F. candeur. See
candid.]
1. Whiteness; brightness; (as applied to moral
conditions) usullied purity; innocence. [Obs.]
Nor yor unquestioned integrity
Shall e'er be sullied with one taint or spot
That may take from your innocence and candor.
Massinger.
2. A disposition to treat subjects with fairness;
freedom from prejudice or disguise; frankness; sincerity.
Attribute superior sagacity and candor to those who
held that side of the question.
Whewell.
Can"droy (?), n. A machine for
spreading out cotton cloths to prepare them for printing.
Can"dy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Candied
(?); p. pr & vb. n.
Candying.] [F. candir (cf.
It. candire, Sp. az\'a3car cande or
candi), fr. Ar. & Pers. qand, fr. Skr.
Kha\'c9\'c8da piece, sugar in pieces or lumps, fr.
kha\'c9\'c8, kha\'c8 to break.]
1. To conserve or boil in sugar; as, to
candy fruits; to candy ginger.
2. To make sugar crystals of or in; to form into a
mass resembling candy; as, to candy
sirup.
3. To incrust with sugar or with candy, or with
that which resembles sugar or candy.
Those frosts that winter brings
Which candy every green.
Drayson.
<-- p. 210 -->
Can"dy (?), v. i. 1.
To have sugar crystals form in or on; as, fruits
preserved in sugar candy after a time.
2. To be formed into candy; to solidify in a
candylike form or mass.
Can"dy n. [F. candi. See
Candy, v. t.] A more or less solid
article of confectionery made by boiling sugar or molasses to the
desired consistency, and than crystallizing, molding, or working
in the required shape. It is often flavored or colored, and
sometimes contains fruit, nuts, etc.
\'d8Candy, n. [Mahratta
kha\'c9\'c8\'c6, Tamil ka\'c9\'c8i.]
A weight, at Madras 500 pounds, at Bombay 560 pounds.
Can"dy*tuft` (?), n.
(Bot.) An annual plant of the genus
Iberis, cultivated in gardens. The name was originally
given to the I. umbellata, first, discovered in the
island of Candia.
Cane (?), n. [OE.
cane, canne, OF. cane, F.
canne, L. canna, fr. Gr. q\'beneh reed. Cf.
Canister, canon, 1st Cannon.]
1. (Bot.) (a) A name given to
several peculiar palms, species of Calamus and
D\'91manorops, having very long, smooth flexible
stems, commonly called rattans. (b) Any plant
with long, hard, elastic stems, as reeds and bamboos of many
kinds; also, the sugar cane. (c) Stems of
other plants are sometimes called canes; as, the
canes of a raspberry.
Like light canes, that first rise big and
brave.
B. Jonson.
great
cane is the Arundinaria macrosperma, and
small cane is. A. tecta.
2. A walking stick; a staff; -- so called because
originally made of one the species of cane.
Stir the fire with your master's cane.
Swift.
3. A lance or dart made of cane.
[R.]
Judgelike thou sitt'st, to praise or to arraign
The flying skirmish of the darted cane.
Dryden.
4. A local European measure of length. See
Canna.
Cane borer (Zo\'94.), A beetle
(Oberea bimaculata) which, in the larval state, bores
into pith and destroy the canes or stalks of the raspberry,
blackberry, etc. -- Cane mill, a mill for
grinding sugar canes, for the manufacture of sugar. --
Cane trash, the crushed stalks and other refuse of
sugar cane, used for fuel, etc.
Cane (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Caned (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Caning.]
1. To beat with a cane.
Macaulay.
2. To make or furnish with cane or rattan; as,
to cane chairs.
Cane"brake (?), n. A thicket of
canes.
Ellicott.
Caned (?), a. [Cf. L.
canus white.] Filled with white flakes;
mothery; -- said vinegar when containing mother.
[Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
\'d8Ca*nel"la (?), n. [LL. (OE.
canel, canelle, cinnamon, fr. F.
cannelle), Dim. of L. canna a reed.
Canella is so called from the shape of the rolls of
prepared bark. See Cane.] (Bot.) A
genus of trees of the order Canellace\'91, growing in
the West Indies.
Canella alba,
and its bark is a spice and drug exported under the names of
wild cinnamon and whitewood bark.
Ca*nes"cent (?), a. [L.
canescens, p. pr. of canescere, v.
inchoative of canere to be white.] Growing
white, or assuming a color approaching to white.
Can" hook` (?). A device consisting of a
short rope with flat hooks at each end, for hoisting casks or
barrels by the ends of the staves.
\'d8Can*nic"u*la (?), n. [L.
canicula, lit., a little dog, a dim of
canis dog; cf. F. canicule.]
(Astron.) The Dog Star; Sirius.
Ca*nic"u*lar (?), a. [L.
canicularis; cf. F. caniculaire.]
Pertaining to, or measured, by the rising of the Dog
Star.
Canicular days, the dog days, See Dog
days. -- Canicular year, the Egyptian
year, computed from one heliacal rising of the Dog Star to
another.
Can"i*cule (?), n.
Canicula.
Addison.
Ca*ni"nal (?), a. See
Canine, a.
Ca*nine" (?), a. [L.
caninus, fr. canis dog: cf. F.
canin. See Hound.] 1. Of
or pertaining to the family Canid\'91, or dogs and
wolves; having the nature or qualities of a dog; like that or
those of a dog.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
pointed tooth on each side the incisors.
Canine appetite, a morbidly voracious
appetite; bulimia. -- Canine letter, the
letter r. See R. -- Canine madness,
hydrophobia. -- Canine toth, a toth
situated between the incisor and bicuspid teeth, so called
because well developen in dogs; usually, the third tooth from the
front on each side of each jaw; an eyetooth, or the corresponding
tooth in the lower jaw.
Ca*nine", n. (Anat.) A canine
tooth.
\'d8Ca"nis (?), n.; pl.
Canes 3. [L., a dog.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of carnivorous mammals, of the
family Canid\'91, including the dogs and wolves.
\'d8Canis major [L., larger dog], a
constellation to the southeast of Orion, containing Sirius or the
Dog Star. -- \'d8Canis minor [L., smaller
dog], a constellation to the east of Orion, containing
Procyon, a star of the first magnitude.
Can"is*ter (?), n. [L.
canistrum a basket woven from reeds Gr. canistre. See Cane, and
Canaster.] 1. A small basket of
rushes, or wilow twigs, etc.
2. A small box or case for holding tea, coffee,
etc.
3. (Mil.) A kind of case shot for
cannon, in which a number of lead or iron balls in layers are
inclosed in a case fitting the gun; -- called also
canister shot,
Can"ker (?), n. [OE.
canker, cancre, AS. cancer (akin
to D. kanker, OHG chanchar.), fr. L.
cancer a cancer; or if a native word, cf. Gr. cancre, F. chancere, fr. L.
cancer. See cancer, and cf.
Chancre.]
1. A corroding or sloughing ulcer; esp. a spreading
gangrenous ulcer or collection of ulcers in or about the mouth;
-- called also water canker, canker
of the mouth, and noma.
2. Anything which corrodes, corrupts, or
destroy.
The cankers of envy and faction.
Temple.
3. (Hort.) A disease incident to trees,
causing the bark to rot and fall off.
4. (Far.) An obstinate and often
incurable disease of a horse's foot, characterized by separation
of the horny portion and the development of fungoid growths; --
usually resulting from neglected thrush.
5. A kind of wild, worthless rose; the
dog-rose.
To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose.
And plant this thorm, this canker, Bolingbroke.
Shak.
Black canker. See under
Black.
Can"ker (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cankered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cankering.] 1. To affect as a
canker; to eat away; to corrode; to consune.
No lapse of moons can canker Love.
Tennyson.
2. To infect or pollute; to corrupt.
Addison.
A tithe purloined canker the whole estate.
Herbert.
Can"ker, v. i. 1. To waste
away, grow rusty, or be oxidized, as a mineral.
[Obs.]
Silvering will sully and canker more than
gliding.
Bacom.
2. To be or become diseased, or as if diseased,
with canker; to grow corrupt; to become venomous.
Deceit and cankered malice.
Dryden.
As with age his body uglier grows,
So his mind cankers.
Shak.
Can"ker-bit` (?), a. Eaten out
by canker, or as by canker. [Obs.]
Can"ker bloom` (?). The bloom or blossom
of the wild rose or dog-rose.
Can"ker blos`som (?). That which blasts a
blossom as a canker does. [Obs.]
O me! you juggler! you canker blossom!
You thief of Love!
Shak.
Can"kered (?), a. 1.
Affected with canker; as, a cankered
mouth.
2. Affected mentally or morally as with canker;
sore, envenomed; malignant; fretful; ill-natured. \'bdA
cankered grandam's will.\'b8
Shak.
Can"kered*ly, adv. Fretfully;
spitefully.
Can"ker fly` (?). A fly that preys on
fruit.
Can"ker*ous (?), a. Affecting
like a canker. \'bdCanrerous shackles.\'b8
Thomson.
Misdeem it not a cankerous change.
Wordsworth.
Can"ker rash" (?). (Med.) A
form of scarlet fever characterized by ulcerated or putrid sore
throat.
Can"ker*worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The larva of two species of geometrid
moths which are very injurious to fruit and shade trees by
eating, and often entirely destroying, the foliage. Other similar
larv\'91 are also called cankerworms.
Anisopteryx
pometaria) becomes adult late in autumn (after frosts) and
in winter. The spring species (A. vernata) remains in
the ground through the winter, and matures in early spring. Both
have winged males and wingless females. The larv\'91 are similar
in appearance and habits, and beling to the family of measuring
worms or spanworms. These larv\'91 hatch from the eggs when the
leaves being to expand in spring.
Can"ker*y (?), a. 1.
Like a canker; full of canker.
2. Surly; sore; malignant.
\'d8Can"na (?), n. [It.]
A measure of length in Italy, varying from six to seven
feet. See Cane, 4.
\'d8Can"na (?), n. [L., a reed.
See Cane.] (Bot.) A genus of
tropical plants, with large leaves and often with showy flowers.
The Indian shot. (C. Indica) is found in gardens of
the northern United States.
Can"na*bene (?), n. [From
Cannabis.] (Chem.) A colorless oil
obtained from hemp dy distillation, and possessing its
intoxicating properties.
Can"na*bin (?), n.
(Chem.) A pisonous resin extracted from hemp
(Cannabis sativa, variety Indica). The
narcotic effects of hasheesh are due to this resin.
Can"na*bine (?), a. [L.
cannabinus.] Pertaining to hemp;
hempen. [R.]
\'d8Can"na*bis (?), n. [L.,
hemp. See Canvas.] (Bot.) A genus
of a single species belonging to the order
Uricace\'91; hemp.
Cannabis Indica (, the Indian
hemp, a powerful narcotic, now considered a variety of the common
hemp.
Can"nel coal` (?). [Corrupt. fr. ndle
coal.] A kind of mineral coal of a black color,
sufficiently hard and solid to be cut and polished. It burns
readily, with a clear, yellow flame, and on this account has been
used as a substitute for candles.
Can"ner*y (?), n. A place where
the business of canning fruit, meat, etc., is carried on.
[U. S.]
Can"ni*bal (?), n. [Cf. F.
cannibale. Columbus, in a letter to the Spanish
monarchs written in Oct., 1498, mentions that the people of Hayti
lived in great fear of the Caribales (equivalent to E.
Caribbees.), the inhabitants of the smaller Antilles;
which form of the name was afterward changed into NL.
Canibales, in order to express more forcibly their
character by a word intelligible through a Latin root \'bdpropter
rabiem caninam anthropophagorum gentis.\'b8 The
Caribbees call themselves, in their own language.
Calinago, Carinago, Calliponam,
and, abbreviated, Calina, signifying a brave, from
which Columbus formed his Caribales.] A
human being that eats human flesh; hence, any that devours its
own kind.
Darwin.
Can"ni*bal (?), a. Relating to
cannibals or cannibalism. \'bdCannibal
terror.\'b8
Burke.
Can"ni*bal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
cannibalisme.] The act or practice of
eating human flesh by mankind. Hence; Murderous cruelty;
barbarity.
Berke.
Can"ni*bal*ly, adv. In the manner of
cannibal. \'bdAn he had been cannibally
given.\'b8
Shak.
Can"ni*kin (?), n.
[Can + -kin.] A small can
or drinking vessel.
Can"ni*ly, adv. In a canny manner.
[N. of Eng. & Scot.]
Can"ni*ness, n. Caution; crafty
management. [N. of Eng. & Scot.]
Can"non (?), n.;
pl.Cannons (#), collectively
Cannon. [F. cannon, fr. L.
canna reed, pipe, tube. See Cane.]
1. A great gun; a piece of ordnance or artillery; a
firearm for discharging heavy shot with great force.
Gun.
2. (Mech.) A hollow cylindrical piece
carried by a revolving shaft, on which it may, however, revolve
independently.
3. (Printing.) A kind of type. See
Canon.
Cannon ball, strictly, a round solid missile
of stone or iron made to be fired from a cannon, but now often
applied to a missile of any shape, whether solid or hollow, made
for cannon. Elongated and cylindrical missiles are sometimes
called bolts; hollow ones charged with explosives are
properly called shells. -- Cannon
bullet, a cannon ball. [Obs.] --
Cannon cracker, a fire cracker of large
size. -- Cannon lock, a device for firing a
cannon by a percussion primer. -- Cannon metal.
See Gun Metal. -- Cannon pinion,
the pinion on the minute hand arbor of a watch or clock,
which drives the hand but permits it to be moved in setting.
-- Cannon proof, impenetrable by cannon
balls. -- Cannon shot. (a) A cannon
ball. (b) The range of a cannon.
Can"non, n. & v. (Billiards)
See Carom. [Eng.]
Can"non*ade" (?), n. [F.
Canonnade; cf. It. cannanata.]
1. The act of discharging cannon and throwing ball,
shell, etc., for the purpose of destroying an army, or battering
a town, ship, or fort; -- usually, an attack of some
continuance.
A furious cannonade was kept up from the whole
circle of batteries on the devoted towm.
Prescott.
2. Fig.; A loud noise like a cannonade; a
booming.
Blue Walden rolls its cannonade.
Ewerson.
Can`non*ade", v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Cannonade; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cannonading.] To attack with heavy
artillery; to batter with cannon shot.
Can`non*ade", v. i. To discharge cannon;
as, the army cannonaded all day.
Can"non bone (?). (Anat.) See
Canon Bone.
Can"noned (, a. Furnished
with cannon. [Poetic] \'bdGilbralter's
cannoned steep.\'b8 M. Arnold.
{ Can`non*eer", Can`non*ier" }
(?), n. [F. canonnier.]
A man who manages, or fires, cannon.
Can`non*er"ing, n. The use of
cannon.
Burke.
Can"non*ry (?), n. Cannon,
collectively; artillery.
The ringing of bells and roaring of cannonry
proclaimed his course through the country.
W. Irving.
Can"not (?). [Can to be able _
-not.] Am, is, or are, not able; -- written
either as one word or two.
Can"nu*la (?), n. [L.
cannula a small tube of dim. of canna a
reed, tube.] (Surg.) A small tube of metal,
wood, or India rubber, used for various purposes, esp. for
injecting or withdrawing fluids. It is usually associated with a
trocar. [Written also canula.]
Can"nu*lar (?), a. Having the
form of a tube; tubular. [Written also
canular.]
Can"nu*la`ted (?), a. Hollow;
affording a passage through its interior length for wire, thread,
etc.; as, a cannulated (suture) needle.
[Written also canulated.]
{ Can"ny, Can"nei } (?),
a. [Cf. Icel. kenn skilled, learned,
or E. canny. Cf. Kenn.] [North of
Eng. & Scot.] 1. Artful; cunning; shrewd;
wary.
2. Skillful; knowing; capable.
Sir W. Scott.
3. Cautious; prudent; safe..
Ramsay.
4. Having pleasing of useful qualities;
gentle.
Burns.
5. Reputed to have magical powers.
Sir W. Scott.
No canny, not safe, not fortunate;
unpropitious. [Scot.]
Ca*noe" (?), n.; pl.
Canoes (#). [Sp. canoa,
fr. Caribbean can\'a0oa.] 1. A
boat used by rude nations, formed of trunk of a tree, excavated,
by cutting of burning, into a suitable shape. It is propelled by
a paddle or paddles, or sometimes by sail, and has no
rudder.
Others devised the boat of one tree, called the
canoe.
Raleigh.
2. A boat made of bark or skins, used by
savages.
A birch canoe, with paddles, rising, falling, on
the water.
Longfellow.
3. A light pleasure boat, especially designed for
use by one who goes alone upon long excursions, including
portage. It it propelled by a paddle, or by a small sail attached
to a temporary mast.
<-- p. 211 -->
Ca*noe" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Canoed (?)
p. pr. & vb. n. Canoeing
(.] To manage a canoe, or voyage in
a canoe.
Ca*noe"ing n. The act or art of using a
canoe.
Ca*noe"ist (?), n. A
canoeman.
Ca*noe"man, n.; pl. Canoemen
(#). One who uses a canoe; one who travels in a
canoe.
Cabins and clearing greeted the eye of the passing
canoeman.
Parkman.
Can"on (#), n. [OE.
canon, canoun, AS. canon rule
(cf. F. canon, LL. canon, and, for sense 7,
F. chanoine, LL. canonicus), fr. L.
canon a measuring line, rule, model, fr. Gr. Cane, and cf.
Canonical.] 1. A law or rule.
Or that the Everlasting had not fixed
His canon 'gainst self-slaughter.
Shak.
2. (Eccl.) A law, or rule of doctrine or
discipline, enacted by a council and confirmed by the pope or the
sovereign; a decision, regulation, code, or constitution made by
ecclesiastical authority.
Various canons which were made in councils held in
the second centry.
Hock.
3. The collection of books received as genuine Holy
Scriptures, called the sacred canon, or general rule
of moral and religious duty, given by inspiration; the Bible;
also, any one of the canonical Scriptures. See Canonical
books, under Canonical, a.
4. In monasteries, a book containing the rules of a
religious order.
5. A catalogue of saints sckowledged and canonized
in the Roman Catholic Church.
6. A member of a cathedral chapter; a person who
possesses a prebend in a cathedral or collegiate church.
7. (Mus.) A musical composition in which
the voice begin one after another, at regular intervals,
succesively taking up the same subject. It either winds up with a
coda (tailpiece), or, as each voice finishes,
commences anew, thus forming a perpetual fugue or round. It is
the strictest form of imitation. See Imitation.
8. (Print.) The largest size of type
having a specific name; -- so called from having been used for
printing the canons of the church.
9. The part of a bell by which it is suspended; --
called also ear and
shank. [See Illust. of
Bell.]
Knight.
10. (Billiards) See
Carom.
Apostolical canons. See under
Apostolical. -- Augustinian
canons, Black canons. See under
Augustinian. -- Canon capitular,
Canon residentiary, a resident member of a
cathedral chapter (during a part or the whole of the year).
-- Canon law. See under Law. --
Canon of the Mass (R. C. Ch.), that
part of the mass, following the Sanctus, which never
changes. -- Honorary canon, a canon who
neither lived in a monastery, nor kept the canonical hours.
-- Minor canon (Ch. of Eng.), one who
has been admitted to a chapter, but has not yet received a
prebend. -- Regular canon (R. C. Ch.),
one who lived in a conventual community and follower the rule
of St. Austin; a Black canon. -- Secular canon
(R. C. Ch.), one who did not live in a monastery,
but kept the hours.
\'d8Ca*\'a4on" (?), n. [Sp., a
tube or hollow, fr. ca\'a4a reed, fr. L.
canna. See Cane.] A deep gorge,
ravine, or gulch, between high and steep banks, worn by water
courses. [Mexico & Western U. S.]
Can"on bit` (?). [F. canon, fr.
L. canon a rule.] That part of a bit which
is put in a horse's mouth.
Can"on bone` (?). [F. canon,
fr. L. canon a rule. See canon.]
(Anat.) The shank bone, or great bone above the
fetlock, in the fore and hind legs of the horse and allied
animals, corresponding to the middle metacarpal or metatarsal
bone of most mammals. See Horse.
Can"on*ess (?), n. [Cf. LL.
canonissa.] A woman who holds a canonry in
a conventual chapter.
Regular canoness, one bound by the poverty,
and observing a strict rule of life. -- Secular
canoness, one allowed to hold private property, and
bound only by vows of chastity and obedience so long as she chose
to remain in the chapter.
{ Ca*non"ic (?), Can*non"ic*al
(?), } a [L.
cannonicus, LL. canonicalis, fr. L.
canon: cf. F. canonique. See
canon.] Of or pertaining to a canon;
established by, or according to a , canon or canons.
\'bdThe oath of canonical obedience.\'b8
Hallam.
Canonical books, Canonical
Scriptures, those books which are declared by
the canons of the church to be of divine inspiration; -- called
collectively the canon. The Roman Catolic Church holds
as canonical several books which Protestants reject as
apocryphal. -- Canonical epistles, an
appellation given to the epistles called also general
or catholic. See Catholic epistles, under
Canholic. -- Canonical form
(Math.), the simples or most symmetrical form to
which all functions of the same class can be reduced without lose
of generality. -- Canonical hours, certain
stated times of the day, fixed by ecclesiastical laws, and
appropriated to the offices of prayer and devotion; also, certain
portions of the Breviary, to be used at stated hours of the day.
In England, this name is also given to the hours from 8 a.
m. to 3 p. m. (formerly 8 a. m. to 12
m.) before and after which marriage can not be legally
performed in any parish church. -- Canonical
letters, letters of several kinds, formerly given by a
dishop to traveling clergymam or laymen, to show that they were
entitled to receive the cammunion, and to distinguish them from
heretics. -- Canonical life, the method or
rule of living prescribed by the ancient cleargy who lived in
community; a course of living prescribed for the clergy, less
rigid that the monastic, and more restrained that the
secular. -- Canonical obedience, submission
to the canons of a canons of a church, especially the submission
of the inferior cleargy to their bishops, and of other religious
orders to their supriors. -- Canonical
punishments, such as the church may inflict, as
excommunication, degradation, penance, etc. --
Canonical sins (Anc. Church.), those
for which capital punishment or puplic penance decreed by the
canon was inflicted, as idolatry, murder, adultery,
heresy.
Ca*non"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a canonical
manner; according to the canons.
Ca*non"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of
being canonical; canonicity.
Bp. Burnet.
Ca*non"ic*als (?), n. pl. The
dress prescribed by canon to be worn by a clergyman when
oficiating. Sometimes, any distinctive professional dress.
Full canonicals, the complete costume of an
officiating clergyman or ecclesiastic.
Ca*non"i*cate (?), n. [LL.
canonucatus canonical: cf. F.
canonicat.] The office of a canon; a
canonry.
Can`on*ic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
canonicit\'82.] The state or quality of
being canonical; agreement with the canon.
Can"on*ist, n. [Cf. F.
canoniste.] A professor of canon law; one
skilled in the knowledge and practice of ecclesiastical
law.
South.
Can`on*is"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a canonist. \'bdThis canonistic
exposition.\'b8
Milton.
Can`on*i*za"tion (?), n. [F.
canonisation.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) The final process or
decree (following beatifacation) by which the name of a deceased
person is placed in the catalogue (canon) of saints and commended
to perpetual veneration and invocation.
Canonization of saints was not known to the
Christian church titl toward the middle of the tenth century.
Hoock.
2. The state of being canonized or sainted.
Can"on*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Canonized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Canonizing.] [F. canoniser
or LL. canonizare, fr. L. canon.. See
Canon.] 1. (Eccl.) To
declare (a deceased person) a saint; to put in the catalogue of
saints; as, Thomas a Becket was
canonized.
2. To glorify; to exalt to the highest honor.
Fame in time to come canonize us.
Shak.
2. To rate as inspired; to include in the
canon.[R.]
Can"on*ry (?), n. pl.
Canonries (. A benefice or prebend in
a cathedral or collegiate church; a right to a place in chapter
and to a portion of its revenues; the dignity or emoluments of a
canon.
Can"on*ship (?), a. Of
pertaining to Canopus in egypt; as, the Canopic
vases, used in embalming.
\'d8Ca*no"pus (?), n. [L.
Canopus, fr. Gr.
(Astron.) A star of the first magnitude in the
southern constellation Argo.
Can"o*py (?), n.; pl.
Canopies (#). [Oe.
canopie, F. canop\'82sofa, Of
canop\'82e, canopeu, canopieu,
canopy, vail, pavilion (cf. It. canep\'8acanopy,
sofa), LL. canopeum a bed with mosquito curtains, fr.
Gr. Cone,
and Optic.] 1. A covering fixed over
a bed, dais, or the like, or carried on poles over an exalted
personage or a sacred object, etc. chiefly as a mark of
honor. \'bdGolden canoniec and beds of
state.\'b8
Dryden.
2. (Arch.) (a) An ornamental
projection, over a door, window, niche, etc. (b)
Also, a roofike covering, supported on pilars over an altar,
a statue, a fountain, etc.
Can"o*py, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Canopes (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Canopying.] To cover with, or
as with, a canopy. \'bdA bank with ivy
canopied.\'b8
Milton.
Ca*no"rous (?), a. [L.
canorus, from nor melody, fr.
canere to sing.] Melodious; musical.
\'bdBirds that are most canorous.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
A long, lound, and canorous peal of laughter.
De Quincey.
Ca*no"rous*ness, n. The quality of being
musical.
He chooses his language for its rich
canorousness.
Lowell.
Can"stick` (?), n.
Candlestick. [Obs.]
Shak.
Cant (?), n. [OF., edge, angle,
prof. from L. canthus the iron ring round a carriage
wheel, a wheel, Gr. cant the stake or tire of a wheel. Cf.
Canthus, Canton, Cantle.]
1. A corner; angle; niche.
[Obs.]
The first and principal person in the temple was Irene, or
Peace; she was placed aloft in a cant.
B. Jonson.
2. An outer or external angle.
3. An inclination from a horizontal or vertical
line; a slope or bevel; a titl.
Totten.
4. A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other impulse,
producing a bias or change of direction; also, the bias or turn
so give; as, to give a ball a cant.
5. (Coopering) A segment forming a side
piece in the head of a cask.
Knight.
6. (Mech.) A segment of he rim of a
wooden cogwheel.
Knight.
7. (Naut.) A piece of wood laid upon
athe deck of a vessel to support the bulkneads.
Cant frames, Cant timbers
(Naut.), timber at the two ends of a ship, rising
obliquely from the keel.
Cant, v. t. [imp & p.
p. Canted; p. pr. & vb. N.
Canting.] 1. To incline; to
set at an angle; to titl over; to tip upon the edge; as, to
cant a cask; to cant a ship.
2. To give a sudden turn or new direction to;
as, to cant round a stick of timber; to
cant a football.
3. To cut off an angle from, as from a square piece
of timber, or from the head of a bolt.
Cant, n. [Prob. from OF.
cant, F. chant, singing, in allusion to the
singing or whining tine of voice used by beggars, fr. L.
cantus. See Chant.] 1. An
affected, singsong mode of speaking.
2. The idioms and peculiarities of speech in any
sect, class, or occupation.
Goldsmith.
The cant of any profession.
Dryden.
3. The use of religious phraseology without
understanding or sincerity; empty, solemn speech, implying what
is not felt; hypocrisy.
They shall hear no cant from
F. W. Robertson
4. Vulgar jargon; slang; the secret language spoker
by gipsies, thieves. tramps, or beggars.
Cant (?), a. Of the nature of
cant; affected; vulgar.
To introduce and multiply cant words in the most
ruinous corruption in any language.
Swift.
Cant, v. i. 1. To speak in a
whining voice, or an affected, sinsong tone.
2. To make whining pretensions to goodness; to talk
with an affectation of religion, philanthropy, etc.; to practice
hypocrisy; as, a canting fanatic.
The rankest rogue that ever canted.
Beau. & Fl.
3. To use pretentious language, barbarous jargon,
or technical termes; to talk with an affectation of
learning.
The doctor here,
When he discqurseth of dissection,
Of vena cava and of vena porta,
The meser\'91um and the mesentericum,
What does he else but cant.
B. Jonson
That uncouth affected garb of speech, or canting
hanguage, if I may so call it.
Bp. Sanderson.
Cant, n. [Prob. from OF.
cant, equiv. to L. quantum; cf. F.
encan, fr. L. in quantum, i.e. \'bdfor how
much?\'b8] A all for bidders at a public sale; an
auction. \'bdTo sell their leases by cant.\'b8
Swift.
Cant, v. t. to sell by auction, or bid a
price at a sale by auction. [Archaic]
Swift.
Can't (?). A colloquial contraction for
can not.
Can"tab (?), n. [Abbreviated
from Cantabrigian.] A Cantabrigian.
[Colloq.]
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8Can*ta"bi*le (?), a. [It.,
cantare to sing.] (Mus.) In a
melodious, flowing style; in a singing style, as opposed to
bravura, recitativo, or
parlando.
\'d8Can*ta"bi*le, n. (Mus.) A
piece or pessage, whether vocal or instrumental, pecuilarly
adapted to singing; -- sometimes called
cantilena.
Can*ta"bri*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Cantabria on the Bay of Biscay in Spain.
Can`ta*brig"i*an (?), n. A
native or resident of Cambridge; esp. a student or graduate of
the university of Cambridge, England.
Can"ta*lev`er (?), n.
[Can an extermal angle + lever a
supported of the roof timber of a house.] [Written
also cantaliver and cantilever.]
1. (Arch.) A bracket to support a
balcony, a cornice, or the like.
2. (Engin.) A projecting beam, truss, or
bridge unsupported at the outer end; one which overhangs.
Cantalever bridge, a bridge in which the
principle of the cantalever is applied. It is usually a trussed
bridge, composed of two portions reaching out from opposite
banks, and supported near the middle of their own length on piers
which they overhang, thus forming cantalevers which meet over the
space to be spanned or sustain a third portion, to complete the
connection.
Can"ta*loupe (?), n. [F.
cantaloup, It. cantalupo, so called from
the caste of Cantalupo, in the Marca d'Ancona, in
Italy, where they were first grown in Europe, from seed said to
have been imported from Armenia.] A muskmelon of
several varieties, having when mature, a yellowish skin, and
flesh of a reddish orange color. [Written also
cantaleup.]
Can*tan"ker*ous (?), a.
Perverse; contentious; ugly; malicious.
[Colloq.] -- Can*tan"ker*ous*ly,
adv. -- Can*tan"ker*ous*ness,
n.
The cantankerous old maiden aunt.
Theckeray.
{ Can"tar (?), \'d8Can*tar"ro
(?), } n. [It. cantaro
(in sense 1), Sp. cantaro (in sense 2).]
1. A weight used in southern Europe and East for
heavy articles. It varies in different localities; thus, at Rome
it is nearly 75 pounds, in Sardinia nearly 94 pounds, in Cairo it
is 95 pounds, in Syria about 503 pounds.
2. A liquid measure in Spain, ranging from two and
a half to four gallons.
Simmonds.
\'d8Can*ta"ta (?), n. [It., fr.
cantare to sing, fr. L. cantare intens of
canere to sing.] (Mus.) A poem
set to music; a musical composition comprising choruses, solos,
interludes, etc., arranged in a somewhat dramatic manner;
originally, a composition for a single noise, consisting of both
recitative and melody.
Can*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
cantatio.] A singing.
[Obs.]
Blount.
Cant"a*to*ry (?), a.
Caontaining cant or affectation; whining; singing.
[R.]
\'d8Can`ta*tri"ce (?), n.
[It.] (Mus.) A female professional
singer.
Cant"ed (?), a. [From 2d
Cant.] 1. Having angles; as, a
six canted bolt head; a canted
window.
Canted column (Arch.), a column
polygonal in plan.
2. Inclined at an angle to something else; tipped;
sloping.
Can*teen" (?), n. [F.
cantine bottle case, canteen (cf. Sp. & It.
cantina cellar, bottle case), either contr. fr. It.
canovettina, dim. of canova cellar, or,
more likely, fr. OF. cant. corner, It. & Sp.
canto. See 1st Cant.] (Mil.)
1. A vessel used by soldiers for carrying water,
liquor, or other drink. [Written also
cantine..]
canteen is
made of wood and holds three pints; in the United States it is
usually a tin flask.
2. The sulter's shop in a garrison; also, a chest
containing culinary and other vessels for officers.
Can"tel (?), n. See
Cantle.
Can"ter (?), n. [An
abbreviation of Caner bury. See Canterbury
gallop, under Canterbury.] 1.
A moderate and easy gallop adapted to pleasure riding.
canter is a thoroughly artificial
pace, at first extremely tiring to the horse, and generally only
to be produced in him by the restraint of a powerful bit, which
compels him to throw a great part of his weight on his haunches .
. . There is so great a variety in the mode adopted by different
horses for performing the canter, that no single description will
suffice, nor indeed is it easy . . . to define any one of
them.
J. H. Walsh.
<-- p. 212 -->
2. A rapid or easy passing over.
A rapid canter in the Times over all the
topics.
Sir J. Stephen.
Can"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cantered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cantering.] To move in a canter.
Can"ter, v. t. To cause, as a horse, to
go at a canter; to ride (a horse) at a canter.
Cant"er, n. 1. One who cants or
whines; a beggar.
2. One who makes hypocritical pretensions to
goodness; one who uses canting language.
The day when he was a canter and a rebel.
Macaulay.
Can"ter*bur*y (?), n. 1.
A city in England, giving its name various articles. It is
the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury (primate of all
England), and contains the shrine of Thomas \'85 Becket, to which
pilgrimages were formerly made.
2. A stand with divisions in it for holding music,
loose papers, etc.
Canterbury ball (Bot.), a species
of Campanula of several varietes, cultivated for its
handsome bell-shaped flowers. -- Canterbury
gallop, a gentle gallop such as was used by pilgrims
riding, to Canterbury; a canter. -- Canterbury table, one of the
tales which Chaucer puts into the mouths of certain pilgrims to
Canterbury. Hence, any tale told by travelers pass away the
time.
Can*thar"*i*dal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to cantharides or made of cantharides; as,
cantharidal plaster.
Can*thar"i*des (?), n. pl. See
cantharis.
Can*thar"i*din (?), n.
(Chem.) The active principe of the cantharis, or
Spanish fly, a volatile, acrid, bitter solid, crystallizing in
four-sided prisms.
Can"tha*ris (?), n.; pl.
Cantharides (#). [L., a kind of
beetle, esp. the Spanish fly, Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A beetle (Lytta, ), having an elongated cylindrical body of a
brilliant green color, and a nauseous odor; the blister fly or
blister beetle, of the apothecary; -- also called
Spanish fly. Many other species of
Lytta, used for the same purpose, take the same name.
See Blister beetle, under Blister. The
plural form in usually applied to the dried insects used in
medicine.
Cant" hook` (?). A wooden lever with a
movable iron hook. hear the end; -- used for canting or turning
over heavy logs, etc. [U. S.]
Bartlett.
Can"tho*plas`ty (?), n.
[Gr.
(Surg.) The operation of forming a new canthus,
when one has been destroyed by injury or disease.
\'d8Can"thus (?), n.; pl.
Canthi (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.) The corner where the upper
and under eyelids meet on each side of the eye.
Can"ti*cle (?), n.; pl.
Canticles (#). [L.
canticulum a little song, dim. of canticum
song, fr. cantus a singing, fr. coner to
sing. See Chant.] 1. A song; esp. a
little song or hymn. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. pl. The Song of Songs or Song of
Solomon, one of the books of the Old Testament.
3. A canto or division of a poem
[Obs.]
Spenser.
4. A psalm, hymn, or passage from the Bible,
arranged for chanting in church service.
Can"ti*coy (?), n. [Of American
Indian origin.] A social gathering; usually, one for
dancing.
Can"tile (?), v. i. Same as
Cantle, v. t.
\'d8Can`ti*le"na (?), n. [It. &
L.] (Mus.) See Cantabile.
Can"ti*lev`er (?), n. Same as
Cantalever.
Can"til*late (?), v. i. [L.
cantillatus, p. p. of cantillare to sing
low, dim. of cantare. See Cantata.]
To chant; to recite with musical tones.
M. Stuart.
Can`til*la"tion (?), n. A
chanting; recitation or reading with musical modulations.
Can*tine" (?), n. See
Canteen.
Cant"ing (?), a. Speaking in a
whining tone of voice; using technical or religious terms
affectedly; affectedly pious; as, a canting rogue; a
canting tone.
- Cant"ing*ly, adv. --
Cant"ing*ness, n.
Canting arms, Canting
heraldry (Her.), bearings in the
nature of a rebus alluding to the name of the bearer. Thus, the
Castletons bear three castles, and Pope Adrian IV.
(Nicholas Breakspeare) bore a broken spear.
Cant"ing, n. The use of cant;
hypocrisy.
\'d8Can`ti*niere" (?), n. [F.,
fr. cantine a sutler's shop, canteen.]
(Mil) A woman who carries a canteen for soldiers;
a vivandi\'8are.
Can"tion (?), n. [L.
cantio, from canere to sing.] A
song or verses. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Can"tle (?), n. [OF.
cantel, chantel, corner, side, piece, F.
chanteau a piece cut from a larger piece, dim. of OF.
cant edge, corner. See 1st Cant.]
1. A corner or edge of anything; a piece; a
fragment; a part. \'bdIn one cantle of his
law.\'b8
Milton.
Cuts me from the best of all my land
A huge half moon, a monstrous cantle out.
Shak.
2. The upwardly projecting rear part of saddle,
opposite to the pommel. [Written also
cante.]
Can"tle, v. t. To cut in pieces; to cut
out from. [Obs.] [Written also
cantile.]
Cant"let (?), n. [Dim. of
cantle.] A piece; a fragment; a
corner.
Dryden.
Can"to (?), n.; pl.
Cantos (#). [It. canto,
fr. L. cantus singing, song. See
Chant.] 1. One of the chief
divisions of a long poem; a book.
2. (Mus.) The highest vocal part; the
air or melody in choral music; anciently the tenor, now the
soprano.
\'d8Canto fermo ( [It.]
(Mus.), the plain ecclesiastical chant in
cathedral service; the plain song.
Can"ton (?), n. A song or
canto [Obs.]
Write loyal cantons of contemned love.
Shak.
Can"ton, n. [F. canton, augm.
of OF. cant edge, corner. See 1st
Cant.] 1. A small portion; a
division; a compartment.
That little canton of land called the \'bdEnglish
pale\'b8
Davies.
There is another piece of Holbein's, . . . in which, in six
several cantons, the several parts of our Savior's
passion are represented.
Bp. Burnet.
2. A small community or clan.
3. A small territorial district; esp. one of the
twenty-two independent states which form the Swiss federal
republic; in France, a subdivision of an arrondissement. See
Arrondissement.
4. (Her.) A division of a shield
occupying one third part of the chief, usually on the dexter
side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top of the shield,
meeting a horizontal line from the side.
The king gave us the arms of England to be borne in a
canton in our arms.
Evelyn.
Can"ton, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Cantoned ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cantoning.] [Cf.
F.cantonner.] 1. To divide into
small parts or districts; to mark off or separate, as a distinct
portion or division.
They canton out themselves a little Goshen in the
intellectual world.
Locke.
2. (Mil.) To allot separate quarters to,
as to different parts or divisions of an army or body of
troops.
Can"ton*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a canton or cantons; of the nature of a
canton.
Can"ton crape" (?). A soft, white or
colored silk fabric, of a gauzy texture and wavy appearance, used
for ladies' scarfs, shawls, bonnet trimmings, etc.; -- called
also Oriental crape.
De Colange.
Can"toned (?), a. 1.
(Her.) Having a charge in each of the four
corners; -- said of a cross on a shield, and also of the shield
itself.
2. (Arch.) Having the angles marked by,
or decorated with, projecting moldings or small columns; as,
a cantoned pier or pilaster.
Can"ton flan"nel (?). See Cotton
flannel.
Can"ton*ize (?), v. i. To
divide into cantons or small districts.
Can"ton*ment (?), n. [Cf. F.
cantonnement.] A town or village, or part
of a town or village, assigned to a body of troops for quarters;
temporary shelter or place of rest for an army; quarters.
cantonment, or to be cantoned.
In India, permanent military stations, or military towns, are
termed cantonments.
Can*toon" (?), n. A cotton
stuff showing a fine cord on one side and a satiny surface on the
other.
Can"tor (?), n. [L., a singer,
fr. caner to sing.] A singer; esp. the
leader of a church choir; a precentor.
The cantor of the church intones the Te Deum.
Milman.
Can"tor*al (?), a. Of or
belonging to a cantor.
Cantoral staff, the official staff or baton of
a cantor or precentor, with which time is marked for the
singers.
Can*to"ris (?), a. [L., lit.,
of the cantor, gen. of cantor.] Of or
pertaining to a cantor; as, the cantoris side of a
choir; a cantoris stall.
Shipley.
{ Can"trap (?), Can"trip
(?), } n. [Cf. Icel.
gandar, ODan. & OSw. gan, witchcraft, and
E. trap a snare, tramp.] A
charm; an incantation; a shell; a trick; adroit mischief.
[Written also cantraip.]
[Scot.]
{ Can"tred (?), \'d8Can"tref,
} n. [W. cantref;
cant hundred + tref dwelling place,
village.] A district comprising a hundred villages, as
in Wales. [Written also kantry.]
Can"ty (?), a. Cheerful;
sprightly; lively; merry. \'bdThe canty
dame.\'b8
Wordsworth [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Contented with little, and canty with mair.
Burns.
Ca*nuck" (?), n. 1. A
Canadian. [Slang]
2. A small or medium-sized hardy horse, common in
Canada. [Colloq.]
{ Can"u*la (?), n.,
Can"u*lar (?), a.,
Can"u*la`ted (?), } a.
See Cannula, Cannular, and
Cannulated.
Can"vas (?), n. [OE.
canvas, canevas, F. canevas, LL.
canabacius hempen cloth, canvas, L.
cannabis hemp, fr. G. Hemp.]
1. A strong cloth made of hemp, flax, or cotton; --
used for tents, sails, etc.
By glimmering lanes and walls of canvas led.
Tennyson.
2. (a) A coarse cloth so woven as to form
regular meshes for working with the needle, as in tapestry, or
worsted work. (b) A piece of strong cloth of
which the surface has been prepared to receive painting, commonly
painting in oil.
History . . . does not bring out clearly upon the
canvas the details which were familiar.
J. H. Newman.
3. Something for which canvas is used: (a)
A sail, or a collection of sails. (b) A tent, or a
collection of tents. (c) A painting, or a picture on
canvas.
To suit his canvas to the roughness of the see.
Goldsmith.
Light, rich as that which glows on the canvas of
Claude.
Macaulay.
4. A rough draft or model of a song, air, or other
literary or musical composition; esp. one to show a poet the
measure of the verses he is to make.
Grabb.
Can"vas, a. Made of, pertaining to, or
resembling, canvas or coarse cloth; as, a canvas
tent.
Can"vas*back` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A Species of duck (Aythya
vallisneria), esteemed for the delicacy of its flesh. It
visits the United States in autumn; particularly Chesapeake Bay
and adjoining waters; -- so named from the markings of the
plumage on its back.
Can"vass (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. canvassed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Canvassing.] [OF. Canabasser
to examine curiously, to search or sift out; properly, to sift
through canvas. See Canvas, n.]
1. To sift; to strain; to examine thoroughly; to
scrutinize; as, to canvass the votes cast at an
election; to canvass a district with reference to its
probable vote.
I have made careful search on all hands, and
canvassed the matter with all possible diligence.
Woodward.
2. To examine by discussion; to debate.
An opinion that we are likely soon to canvass.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. To go trough, with personal solicitation or
public addresses; as, to canvass a district for
votes; to canvass a city for subscriptions.
Can"vass, v. i. To search thoroughly; to
engage in solicitation by traversing a district; as, to
canvass for subscriptions or for votes; to
canvass for a book, a publisher, or in behalf of a
charity; -- commonly followed by for.
Can"vass, n. 1. Close
inspection; careful review for verification; as, a
canvass of votes.
Bacon.
2. Examination in the way of discussion or
debate.
3. Search; exploration; solicitation; systematic
effort to obtain votes, subscribers, etc.
No previous canvass was made for me.
Burke.
Can"vass*er (?), n. One who
canvasses.
Can"y (?), a. [From
Cane.] Of or pertaining to cane or canes;
abounding with canes.
Milton.
Can"yon (?), n. The English
form of the Spanish word Ca\'a4on.
\'d8Can*zo"ne (?), n. [It., a
song, fr. L. cantio, fr. canere to sing.
Cf. Chanson, Chant.] (Mus.)
(a) A song or air for one or more voices, of
Proven\'87al origin, resembling, though not strictly, the
madrigal. (b) An instrumental piece in the
madrigal style.
Can`zo*net" (?), n. [It.
canzonetta, dim. of canzone.]
(Mus.) A short song, in one or more parts.
Caout"chin (?), n.
(Chem.) An inflammable, volatile, oily, liquid
hydrocarbon, obtained by the destructive distillation of
caoutchouc.
Caout"chouc (?), n. [F.
caoutchouc, from the South American name.]
A tenacious, elastic, gummy substance obtained from the
milky sap of several plants of tropical South America (esp. the
euphorbiaceous tree Siphonia elastica or Hevea
caoutchouc), Asia, and Africa. Being impermeable to liquids
and gases, and not readly affected by exposure to air, acids, and
alkalies, it is used, especially when vulcanized, for many
purposes in the arts and in manufactures. Also called
India rubber (because it was first brought
from India, and was formerly used chiefly for erasing pencil
marks) and gum elastic. See
Vulcanization.
Mineral caoutchouc. See under
Mineral.
Caout"chou*cin (?), n. See
Caoutchin.
Cap (?), n. [OE.
cappe, AS. c\'91ppe, cap, cape, hood, fr.
LL, cappa, capa; perhaps of Iberian origin,
as Isidorus of Seville mentions it first: \'bdCapa,
quia quasi totum capiat hominem; it. capitis ornamentum.\'b8 See
3d Cape, and cf. 1st Cope.] 1.
A covering for the head; esp. (a) One
usually with a visor but without a brim, for men and boys;
(b) One of lace, muslin, etc., for women, or
infants; (c) One used as the mark or ensign
of some rank, office, or dignity, as that of a cardinal.
2. The top, or uppermost part; the chief.
Thou art the cap of all the fools alive.
Shak.
3. A respectful uncovering of the head.
He that will give a cap and make a leg in
thanks.
Fuller.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The whole top of the head
of a bird from the base of the bill to the nape of the
neck.
5. Anything resembling a cap in form, position, or
use; as: (a) (Arch.) The uppermost
of any assemblage of parts; as, the cap of column,
door, etc.; a capital, coping, cornice, lintel, or
plate. (b) Something covering the top or end
of a thing for protection or ornament. (c)
(Naut.) A collar of iron or wood used in joining
spars, as the mast and the topmast, the bowsprit and the jib
boom; also, a covering of tarred canvas at the end of a
rope. (d) A percussion cap. See under
Percussion. (e) (Mech.)
The removable cover of a journal box. (f)
(Geom.) A portion of a spherical or other convex
surface.
6. A large size of writing paper; as, flat
cap; foolscap; legal cap.
Cap of a cannon, a piece of lead laid over the
vent to keep the priming dry; -- now called an
apron. -- Cap in hand,
obsequiously; submissively. -- Cap of
liberty. See Liberty cap, under
Liberty. -- Cap of maintenance, a
cap of state carried before the kings of England at the
coronation. It is also carried before the mayors of some
cities. -- Cap money, money collected in a
cap for the huntsman at the death of the fox. -- Cap
paper. (a) A kind of writing paper including
flat cap, foolsap, and legal cap. (b) A coarse
wrapping paper used for making caps to hold commodities.
Cap rock (Mining), The layer of rock
next overlying ore, generally of barren vein material. --
Flat cap, cap See Foolscap. --
Forage cap, the cloth undress head covering of an
officer of soldier. -- Legal cap, a kind of
folio writing paper, made for the use of lawyers, in long narrow
sheets which have the fold at the top or \'bdnarrow
edge.\'b8 -- To set one's cap, to make a fool
of one. (Obs.) Chaucer. -- To set
one's cap for, to try to win the favor of a man with a
view to marriage. [Colloq.]
Cap (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Capped (; p. pr. & vb.
n. Capping.] 1. To cover with
a cap, or as with a cap; to provide with a cap or cover; to cover
the top or end of; to place a cap upon the proper part of;
as, to cap a post; to cap a gun.
The bones next the joint are capped with a smooth
cartilaginous substance.
Derham.
2. To deprive of cap. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. To complete; to crown; to bring to the highest
point or consummation; as, to cap the climax of
absurdity.
4. To salute by removing the cap.
[Slang. Eng.]
Tom . . . capped the proctor with the profoundest
of bows.
Thackeray.
5. To match; to mate in contest; to furnish a
complement to; as, to cap text; to cap
proverbs.
Shak.
Now I have him under girdle I'll cap verses with
him to the end of the chapter.
Dryden.
capping verses, when one quotes a
verse another must cap it by quoting one beginning
with the last letter of the first letter, or with the first
letter of the last word, or ending with a rhyming word, or by
applying any other arbitrary rule may be agreed upon.
Cap, v. i. To uncover the head
respectfully.
Shak.
Ca`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Capabilities (#). 1. The
quality of being capable; capacity; capableness; esp.
intellectual power or ability.
A capability to take a thousand views of a
subject.
H. Taylor.
2. Capacity of being used or improved.
Ca"pa*ble (?), a. [F.
capable, LL. capabilis capacious, capable,
fr. L. caper to take, contain. See
Heave.] 1. Possessing ability,
qualification, or susceptibility; having capacity; of sufficient
size or strength; as, a room capable of holding a
large number; a castle capable of resisting a long
assault.
Concious of jou and capable of pain.
Prior.
2. Possessing adequate power; qualified; able;
fully competent; as, a capable instructor; a
capable judge; a mind capable of nice
investigations.
More capable to discourse of battles than to give
them.
Motley.
3. Possessing legal power or capacity; as, a
man capable of making a contract, or a will.
4. Capacious; large; comprehensive.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Capable is usually followed by
of, sometimes by an infinitive.
Syn. -- Able; competent; qualified; fitted; efficient;
effective; skillful.
Ca"pa*ble*ness, n. The quality or state
of being capable; capability; adequateness; competency.
Ca*pac"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Capacified
(?).] [L. capax,
-acis, capacious + -fy.] To
quality. [R.]
The benefice he is capacified and designed for.
Barrow.
Ca*pa"cious (?), a. [L.
capaz, -acis, fr. capere to
take. See Heave.] 1. Having
capacity; able to contain much; large; roomy; spacious; extended;
broad; as, a capacious vessel, room, bay, or
harbor.
In the capacious recesses of his mind.
Bancroft.
2. Able or qualified to make large views of things,
as in obtaining knowledge or forming designs; comprehensive;
liberal. \'bdA capacious mind.\'b8
Watts.
Ca*pa"cios*ly, adv. In a capacious
manner or degree; comprehensively.
Ca*pa"cious*ness, n. The quality of
being capacious, as of a vessel, a reservoir a bay, the mind,
etc.
Ca*pac"i*tate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Capacitated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Capacitating.] To
render capable; to enable; to qualify.
By thih instruction we may be capaciated to observe
those errors.
Dryden.
Ca*pac"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Capacities (#) [L. capacitus,
fr. capax, capacis; fr. F.
capacit\'82. See Capacious.]
1. The power of receiving or containing; extent of
room or space; passive power; -- used in reference to physical
things.
Had our great palace the capacity
To camp this host, we all would sup together.
Shak.
The capacity of the exhausted cylinder.
Boyle.
2. The power of receiving and holding ideas,
knowledge, etc.; the comprehensiveness of the mind; the receptive
faculty; capability of undestanding or feeling.
Capacity is now properly limited to these [the mere
passive operations of the mind]; its primary signification, which
is literally room for, as well as its employment,
favars this; although it can not be dented that there are
examples of its usage in an active sense.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. Ability; power pertaining to, or resulting from,
the possession of strength, wealth, or talent; possibility of
being or of doing.
The capacity of blessing the people.
Alex. Hamilton.
A cause with such capacities endued.
Blackmore.
4. Outward condition or circumstances; occupation;
profession; character; position; as, to work in the
capacity of a mason or a carpenter.
5. (Law) Legal or noral qualification,
as of age, residence, character, etc., necessary for certain
purposes, as for holding office, for marrying, for making
contracts, will, etc.; legal power or right; competency.
Capacity for heat, the power of absorbing
heat. Substances differ in the amount of heat requisite to raise
them a given number of thermometric degrees, and this difference
is the measure of, or depends upon, whzt is called their
capacity for heat. See Specific heat,
under Heat.
Syn. -- Ability; faculty; talent; capability; skill;
efficiency; cleverness. See Ability.
Cap`*a*pe" (?), adv. See
Cap-a-pie.
Shak.
\'d8Cap`*a*pie" (?), adv. [OF.
(cap-a-pie, from head to foot, now de pied
en cap from foot to head; L. per foot +
caput head.] From head to foot; at all
points. \'bdHe was armed cap-a-pie.\'b8
Prescott.
Ca*par"i*son (?), n. [F.
capara, fr. Sp. caparazon a cover for
a saddle, coach, etc.; capa cloak, cover (fr. LL.
capa, cf. LL. caparo also fr.
capa) + the term. azon. See
Cap.] 1. An ornamental covering or
housing for a horse; the harness or trappings of a horse, taken
collectively, esp. when decorative.
Their horses clothed with rich caparison.
Drylen.
2. Gay or rich clothing.
My heart groans beneath the gay caparison.
Smollett.
Ca*par"i*son, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Caparisoned (?) p. pr. & vb.
n. Caparisoning.] [Cf. F
capara\'87onner.]
1. To cover with housings, as a horse; to harness
or fit out with decorative trappings, as a horse.
The steeds, caparisoned with purple, stand.
Dryden.
2. To aborn with rich dress; to dress.
I am caparisoned like a man.
Shak.
\'d8Ca*par"ro (?), n. [Native
Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large South
American monkey (Lagothrix Humboldtii), with
prehensile tail.
Cap"case` (?), n. A small
traveling case or bandbox; formerly, a chest.
A capcase for your linen and your plate.
Beau. & Fl.
Cape (?), n. [F.
cap, fr. It. capo head, cape, fr. L.
caput heat, end, point. See Chief.]
A piece or point of land, extending beyind the adjacent
coast into the sea or a lake; a promonotory; a headland.
Cape buffalo (Zo\'94l.) a large and
powerful buffalo of South Africa (Bubalus Caffer). It
is said to be the most dangerous wild beast of Africa. See
Buffalo, 2. -- Cape jasmine,
Cape jassamine. See Jasmine.
-- Cape pigeon (Zo\'94l.), a petrel
(Daptium Capense) common off the Cape of Good Hope. It
is about the size of a pigeon. -- Cape wine,
wine made in South Africa [Eng.] --
The Cape, the Cape of Good Hope, in the general
sense of southern extremity of Africa. Also used of Cape Horn,
and, in New England, of Cape Cod.
Cape, v. i. (Naut.) To head
or point; to keep a course; as, the ship capes
southwest by south.
Cape, n. [OE. Cape, fr. F.
cape; cf. LL. cappa. See Cap, and
cf. 1st Cope, Chape.] A sleeveless
garment or part of a garment, hanging from the neck over the
back, arms, and shoulders, but not reaching below the hips. See
Cloak.
Cape, v. i. [See Gape.]
To gape. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Ca"pel (?), Ca"ple (?)
}, n. [Icel. kapall; cf. L.
caballus.] A horse; a nag.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Holland.
Ca"pel (?), n. (Mining)
A composite stone (quartz, schorl, and hornlende) in the
walls of tin and copper lodes.
Cap"e*lan (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Capelin.
Cape"lin (?), n. [Cf. F.
capelan, caplan.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small marine fish (Mallotus
villosus) of the family Salmonid\'91, very
abundant on the coasts of Greenland, Iceland, Newfoundland, and
Alaska. It is used as a bait for the cod. [Written
also capelan and caplin.]
anchova, and by the Portuguese
capelina.
Fisheries of U. S. (1884).
\'d8Cap"pe*line` (?), n. [F.,
fr. LL. capella. See Chapel.]
(Med.) A hood-shaped bandage for the head, the
shoulder, or the stump of an amputated limb.
Ca*pel"la (?), n. [L., a little
goet, dim. of caper a goat.]
(Asrton.) A brilliant star in the constellation
Auriga.
Cap"el*lane (?), n. [See
Chaplain.] The curate of a chapel; a
chaplain. [Obs.]
Fuller.
\'d8Ca*pel"le (?), n.
[G.] (Mus.) The private orchestra or
band of a prince or of a church.
Cap"el*let (?), n. [F.
capelet.] (Far.) A swelling,
like a wen, on the point of the elbow (or the heel of the hock)
of a horse, caused probably by bruises in lying dowm.
\'d8Ca*pell"meis`ter (?), n.
[G., fr. capelle chapel, private band of a prince
+ meister a master.] The musical director
in royal or ducal chapel; a choirmaster. [Written
also kepellmeister.]
Ca"per (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Capered p. pr.
& vb. n. capering.] [From older
capreoll to caper, cf. F. se cabrer to
prance; all ultimately fr. L. caper, capra,
goat. See Capriole.] To leap or jump about in
a sprightly manner; to cut capers; to skip; to spring; to prance;
to dance.
He capers, he dances, he has eyes of youth.
Shak.
Ca"per, n. A frolicsome leap or spring;
a skip; a jump, as in mirth or dancing; a prank.
To cut a caper, to frolic; to make a sportive
spring; to play a prank.
Shak.
Ca"per, n. [D. kaper.]
A vessel formerly used by the Dutch, privateer.
Wright.
Ca"per, n. [F. c\'83pre, fr.
L. capparis, Gr. al-kabar.] 1. The pungent grayish
green flower bud of the European and Oriental caper
(Capparis spinosa), much used for pickles.
2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Capparis; -- called also caper
bush, caper tree.
Capparis spinosa is a low prickly
shrub of the Mediterranean coasts, with trailing branches and
brilliant flowers; -- cultivated in the south of Europe for its
buds. The C. sodada is an almost leafless spiny shrub
of central Africa (Soudan), Arabia, and southern India, with
edible berries.
Bean caper. See Bran caper, in the
Vocabulary. -- Caper sauce, a kind
of sauce or catchup made of capers.
Ca"per*ber`ry (?), n. 1.
The small olive-shaped berry of the European and Oriental
caper, said to be used in pickles and as a condiment.
2. The currantlike fruit of the African and Arabian
caper (Capparis sodado).
{ Ca"per bush` (?), Ca"per tree`
(?). }See Capper, a plant, 2.
{ Ca"per*cail`zie (?), or
Ca"per*cal`ly (?), } n.
[Gael, capulcoile.] (Zo\'94l.)
A species of grouse (Tetrao uragallus) of large
size and fine flavor, found in northern Europe and formerly in
Scotland; -- called also cock of the
woods. [Written also
capercaillie, capercaili.]
Ca"per*claw` (?), v. t. To
treat with cruel playfulness, as a cat treats a mouse; to
abuse. [Obs.]
Birch.
Ca"per*er (?), n. One who
capers, leaps, and skips about, or dances.
The nimble capperer on the cord.
Dryden.
Cap"ful (?), n.; pl.
Capfuls (. As much as will fill
a cap.
A capful of wind (Naut.), a light
puff of wind.
\'d8Ca"pi*as (?), n. [L. thou
mayst take.] (Low) A writ or process
commanding the officer to take the body of the person named in
it, that is, to arrest him; -- also called writ of
capias.
capias is a writ by
which actions at law are frequently commenced; another is a writ
of execution issued after judgment to satisfy damages recovered;
a capias in criminal law is the process to take a
person charged on an indictment, when he is not in custody.
Burrill. Wharton.
Ca`pi*ba"ra (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Capybara.
Cap`il*la"ceous (?), a. [L.
capillaceus hairy, fr. capillus
hair.] Having long filaments; resembling a hair;
slender. See Capillary.
Cap`il*laire" (?), n. [F.
capillaire maiden-hair; sirop de capillaire
capillaire; fr. L. herba capillaris the
maidenhair.] 1. A sirup prepared from the
maiden-hair, formerly supposed to have medicinal
properties.
2. Any simple sirup flavored with orange
flowers.
Ca*pil"la*ment (?), n. [L.
capillamentum, fr. capillus hair: cf. F.
capillament.] 1. (Bot.)
A filament. [R.]
2. (Anat.) Any villous or hairy
covering; a fine fiber or filament, as of the nerves.
Cap"il*la*ri*ness (?), n. The
quality of being capillary.
Cap`il*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
capillarit\'82.]
1. The quality or condition of being
capillary.
2. (Physics) The peculiar action by
which the surface of a liquid, where it is in contact with a
solid (as in a capillary tube), is elevated or depressed;
capillary attraction.
Capillarity depends upon the relative
attaction of the modecules of the liquid for each other and for
those of the solid, and is especially observable in capillary
tubes, where it determines the ascent or descent of the liquid
above or below the level of the liquid which the tube is dipped;
-- hence the name\'3c-- it is especially important in certain
plants, to allow flow of water from the roots --\'3e.
Cap"il*la*ry (?), a. [L.
capillaris, fr. capillus hair. Cf.
Capillaire.] 1. Resembling a hair;
fine; minute; very slender; having minute tubes or interspaces;
having very small bore; as, the capillary vessels of
animals and plants.
2. Pertaining to capillary tubes or vessels;
as, capillary action.
Capillary attraction, Capillary
repulsion, the apparent attraction or repulsion
between a soild and liquid caused bycapillarity. See
Capillarity, and Attraction. --
Capillarity tubes. See the Note under
Capillarity.
Cap"il*la*ry, n.; pl.,
Capillaries (. 1. A
tube or vessel, extremely fine or minute.
2. (Anat.) A minute, thin-walled vessel;
particularly one of the smallest blood vessels connecting
arteries and veins, but used also for the smallest lymphatic and
biliary vessels.
Cap`il*la"tion (?), n. [L.
capillatie the hair.] A capillary blood
vessel. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ca*pil"la*ture (?), n. [L.
capillatura.] A bush of hair; frizzing of
the hair.
Clarke.
Ca*pil"li*form (?), a. [L.
capillus hair + -form.] In the
shape or form of, a hair, or of hairs.
Cap"il*lose` (?), a. [L.
capillosus.] Having much hair; hairy.
[R.]
Ca*pis"trate (?), a. [L.
capistratus, p. p. of capistrare
halter.] (Zo\'94l.) Hooded; cowled.
Cap"i*tal (?), a. [F.
capital, L. capitalis capital (in senses 1
& 2), fr. caput head. See Chief, and cf.
Capital, n.] 1. Of or
pertaining to the head. [Obs.]
Needs must the Serpent now his capital bruise
Expect with mortal pain.
Milton.
2. Having reference to, or involving, the
forfeiture of the head or life; affecting life; punishable with
death; as, capital trials; capital
punishment.
Many crimes that are capital among us.
Swift.
To put to death a capital offender.
Milton.
3. First in importance; chief; principal.
A capital article in religion
Atterbury.
Whatever is capital and essential in
Christianity.
I. Taylor.
4. Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat
of the general government of a state or nation; as,
Washington and Paris are capital cities.
5. Of first rate quality; excellent; as, a
capital speech or song.
[Colloq.]
<-- p. 214 -->
Capital letter [F, lettre
capitale] (Print.), a leading or
heading letter, used at the beginning of a sentence and as the
first letter of certain words, distinguished, for the most part,
both by different form and larger size, from the small
(lower-case) letters, which form the greater part of
common print or writing. -- Small capital letters
have the form of capital letters and height of the body of
the lower-case letters. -- Capital stock,
money, property, or stock invested in any business, or the
enterprise of any corporation or institution.
Abbott.
Syn. -- Chief; leading; controlling; prominent.
Cap"i*tal (?), n. [Cf. L.
capitellum and Capitulum, a small head, the
head, top, or capital of a column, dim. of caput head;
F. chapiteau, OF. capitel. See
Chief, and cf. Cattle, Chattel,
Chapiter, Chapter.] 1.
(Arch.) The head or uppermost member of a column,
pilaster, etc. It consists generally of three parts,
abacus, bell (or vase), and
necking. See these terms, and Column.
2. [Cf. F. capilate, fem., sc.
ville.] (Geog.) The seat of
government; the chief city or town in a country; a
metropolis. \'bdA busy and splendid capital\'b8
Macauly.
3. [Cf. F. capital.] Money,
property, or stock employed in trade, manufactures, etc.; the sum
invested or lent, as distinguished from the income or interest.
See Capital stock, under Capital,
a.
4. (Polit. Econ.) That portion of the
produce of industry, which may be directly employed either to
support human beings or to assist in production.
M'Culloch.
capital. The capital of a civilized community
includes fixed capital (i.e. buildings, machines, and
roads used in the course of production and exchange) amd
circulating capital (i.e., food, fuel, money, etc.,
spent in the course of production and exchange).
T. Raleing.
5. Anything which can be used to increase one's
power or influence.
He tried to make capital out of his rival's
discomfiture.
London Times.
6. (Fort.) An imaginary line dividing a
bastion, ravelin, or other work, into two equal parts.
7. A chapter, or section, of a book.
[Obs.]
Holy St. Bernard hath said in the 59th capital.
Sir W. Scott.
8. (Print.) See Capital
letter, under Capital, a.
Active capital. See under
Active, -- Small capital
(Print.), a small capital letter. See under
Capital, a. -- To live on one's
capital, to consume one's capital without producing or
accumulating anything to replace it.
Cap"i*tal*ist, n. [Cf. F.
capitaliste.] One who has capital; one who
has money for investment, or money invested; esp. a person of
large property, which is employed in business.
The expenditure of the capitalist.
Burke.
Cap"i*tal*i*za`tion (?), n. The
act or process of capitalizing.
Cap"i*tal*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Capitalized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Capitalizing.] 1. To convert
into capital, or to use as capital.
2. To compute, appraise, or assess the capital
value of (a patent right, an annuity, etc.)
3. To print in capital letters, or with an initial
capital.
Cap*i*tal*ly, adv. 1. In a way
involving the forfeiture of the head or life; as, to punish
capitally.
2. In a capital manner; excellently.
[Colloq.]
Cap"i*tal*ness, n. The quality of being
capital; preeminence. [R.]
{ Ca`pi*tan` Pa*sha` or Pa*cha`
(?) }. [See capitan.] The
chief admiral of the Turkish fleet.
Cap"i*tate (?), a [L.
capitatus fr. caput head.]
1. Headlike in form; also, having the distal end
enlarged and rounded, as the stigmas of certain flowers.
2. (Bot.) Having the flowers gathered
into a head.
Cap`i*ta"tim (?), a.
[NL.] Of so much per head; as, a
capitatim tax; a capitatim grant.
Cap`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
capitatio a poll tax, fr. caput head; cf.
F. capitation.] 1. A numbering of
heads or individuals. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
2. A tax upon each head or person, without
reference to property; a poll tax.
\'d8Cap"i*te (?), n. [L., abl.
of caput head.] See under
Tenant.
Cap`i*tel"late (?), a. [L.
capitellum, dim. of caput head.]
(Bot.) Having a very small knoblike termination,
or collected into minute capitula.
\'d8Cap`i*ti*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n.
pl. [NL., from L. caput,
capitis, head + -branchiae gills.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of annelids in which the
gills arise from or near the head. See Tubicola.
Cap"i*tol (?), [L. capitolium,
fr. caput head: cf. F. capitole. See
Chief.]
1. The temple of Jupiter, at Rome, on the Mona
Capitolinus, where the Senate met.
Comes C\'91sar to the Capitol to-morrow?
Shak.
2. The edifice at Washington occupied by the
Congress of the United States; also, the building in which the
legislature of State holds its sessions; a statehouse.
{ Cap`i*to"li*an (?),
Cap"i*to*line (?), } a.
[L. capitolinus: cf. F.
capitolin.] Of or pertaining to the Capitol
in Rome. \'bdCapitolian Jove.\'b8
Macaulay.
Capitoline games (Antiq.), annual
games instituted at Rome by Camillus, in honor of Jupter
Capitolinus, on account of the preservation of the Capitol from
the Gauls; when reinstituted by Domitian, arter a period of
neglect, they were held every fifth year.
\'d8Ca*pit"u*la (?), n. pl. See
Capitulum.
Ca*pit"u*lar (?), n. [LL.
capitulare, capitularium, fr. L.
capitulum a small head, a chapter, dim. of
capit head, chapter.] 1. An act
passed in a chapter.
2. A member of a chapter.
The chapter itself, and all its members or
capitulars.
Ayliffe.
3. The head or prominent part.
Ca*pit"u*lar (?), a. 1.
(Eccl.) Of or pertaining to a chapter;
capitulary.
From the pope to the member of the capitular
body.
Milman.
2. (Bot.) Growing in, or pertaining to,
a capitulum.
3. (Anat.) Pertaining to a capitulum;
as, the capitular process of a vetebra, the process
which articulates with the capitulum of a rib.
Ca*pit"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In
the manner or form of an ecclesiastical chapter.
Sterne.
Ca*pit"u*la*ry (?), n.; pl.
Capitularies (#). [See
Capitular.] 1. A
capitular.
2. The body of laws or statutes of a chapter, or of
an ecclesiastical council.
3. A collection of laws or statutes, civil and
ecclesiastical, esp. of the Frankish kings, in chapters or
sections.
Several of Charlemagne's capitularies.
Hallam.
Ca*pit"u*la*ry (?), a. Relating
to the chapter of a cathedral; capitular.
\'bdCapitulary acts.\'b8
Warton.
Ca*pit"u*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Capitulated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Capitulating.] [LL.
capitulatus, p. p. of capitulare to
capitulate: cf. F. capituler. See Capitular,
n.] 1. To settle or draw up the
heads or terms of an agreement, as in chapters or articles; to
agree. [Obs.]
There capitulates with the king . . . to take to
wife his daughter Mary.
Heylin.
There is no reason why the reducing of any agreement to
certain heads or capitula should not be called to
capitulate.
Trench.
2. To surrender on terms agreed upon (usually,
drawn up under several heads); as, an army or a garrison
capitulates.
The Irish, after holding out a week,
capitulated.
Macaulay.
Ca*pit"u*late, v. t. To surrender or
transfer, as an army or a fortress, on certain conditions.
[R.]
Ca*pit`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. capitulation, LL. capitulatio.]
1. A reducing to heads or articles; a formal
agreement.
With special capitulation that neither the Scots
nor the French shall refortify.
Bp. Burnet.
2. The act of capitulating or surrendering to an
emeny upon stipulated terms.
3. The instrument containing the terms of an
agreement or surrender.
Ca*pit"u*la`tor (?), n.
[LL.] One who capitulates.
Cap"i*tule (?), n. [L.
capitulum small head, chapter.] A
summary. [Obs.]
\'d8Ca*pit"u*lum (?), n.; pl.
Capitula (. [L., a small head.]
1. A thick head of flowers on a very short axis, as
a clover top, or a dandelion; a composite flower. A capitulum may
be either globular or flat.
Gray.
2. (Anat.) A knobike protuberance of any
part, esp. at the end of a bone or cartilage. [See
Illust. of Artiodactyla.]
Ca*pi"vi (?), n. [Cf.
Copaiba.] A balsam of the Spanish West
Indies. See Copaiba.
Ca"ple (?), n. See
Capel.
Cap"lin (?), n. See
Capelin.
{ Cap"lin (?), Cap"ling
(?), } n. The cap or coupling of a
flail, through which the thongs pass which connect the handle and
swingel.
Wright.
Cap"no*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. mancy: cf. F. capnomancie.]
Divination by means of the ascent or motion of smoke.
Cap"no*mor (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A
limpid, colorless oil with a peculiar odor, obtained from beech
tar.
Watts.
\'d8Ca*poc" (?), n. [Malay
k\'bepoq.] A sort of cotton so short and
fine thet it can not be spun, used in the East Indies to line
palanquins, to make mattresses, etc.
Ca*poch" (?), n.; pl.
Capoches (#). [Cf. Sp.
capucho, It. cappucio, F.
Capuce, capuchon, LL. caputium,
fr. capa cloak. See Cap.] A
hood; especialy, the hood attached to the gown of a monk.
Ca*poch", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Capoched (?).] To
cover with, or as with, a hood; hence, to hoodwink or
blind.
Hudibras.
Ca"pon (?), n. [OE.
capon, chapoun, AS. cap (cf.
F. chapon), L. capo, fr. Gr. skopiti to casrate. CF.
Comma.] A castrated cock, esp. when fattened;
a male chicken gelded to improve his flesh for the table.
Shak.
The merry thought of a capon.
W. Irving.
Ca"pon, v. t. To castrate; to make a
capon of.
Ca"pon*et (?), n. A young
capon. [R.]
Chapman.
Cap`o*niere" (?), n. [F.
caponni\'8are, fr. Sp. caponera, orig., a
cage for fattening capons, hence, a place of refuge; cf. It.
capponiera. See Capon.]
(Fort.) A work made across or in the ditch, to
protect it from the enemy, or to serve as a covered
passageway.
Ca"pon*ize (?), v. t. To
castrate, as a fowl.
Ca*pot" (?), n. [F.]
A winning of all the tricks at the game of piquet. It counts
for forty points.
Hoyle.
Ca*pot", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Capotted.] To win all the
tricks from, in playing at piquet.
Ca*pote" (?), n. [Sp.
capote (cf. F. capote.), fr. LL.
capa cape, cloak. See Cap.] A long
cloak or overcoat, especially one with a hood.
Ca*pouch" (?), n. & v. t. Same
as Capoch.
Cap"pa*dine (?), n. A floss or
waste obtained from the cocoon after the silk has been reeled
off, used for shag.
Cap"pa`per (?), See cap,
n., also Paper, n.
Cap"peak` (?), n. The front
piece of a cap; -- now more commonly called
visor.
\'d8Cap*pel"la (?), n. See
A cappella.
Cap"per (?), n. 1. One
whose business is to make or sell caps.
2. A by-bidder; a decoy for gamblers [Slang,
U. S.]<--shill?-->.
3. An instrument for applying a percussion cap to a
gun or cartridge.
Cap"ping plane` (?). (Join.) A
plane used for working the upper surface of staircase
rails.
\'d8Ca"pra (?), n. [L., a she
goat.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ruminants,
including the common goat.
Cap"rate (?), n. (Chem.)
A salt of capric acid.
Cap"re*o*late (?), a. [L.
capreolus wild goat, tendril, fr.caper
goat: cf. F. capr\'82ol\'82.] (Bot.)
Having a tendril or tendrils.
Cap"re*o*line (?), a. [L.
capreolus wild goat, fr. caper goat.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the roebuck.
Cap"ric (?), a. [L.
caper goat.] (Chem.) Of or
pertaining to capric acid or its derivatives.
Capric acid, C9H9.CO2H,
Caprylic acid, C7H15.CO2H, Caproic acid, C5H11.CO2H,
are fatty acids occurring in small quantities in butter,
cocoanut oil, etc., united with glycerin; they are colorless
oils, or white crystalline solids, of an unpleasant odor like
that of goats or sweat.
\'d8Ca*ric"cio (?), n. [It. See
Caprice.]
1. (Mus.) A piece in a free form, with
frequent digressions from the theme; a fantasia; -- often called
caprice.
2. A caprice; a freak; a fancy.
Shak.
\'d8Ca*pri*cio"so (?), a.
[It.] (Mus) In a free, fantastic
style.
Ca*price" (?), n. [F.
caprice, It. capriccio, caprice (perh.
orig. a fantastical goat leap), fr. L. caper,
capra, goat. Cf Capriole, Cab,
Caper, v. i.] 1. An
abrupt change in feeling, opinion, or action, proceeding from
some whim or fancy; a freak; a notion.
\'bdCaprices of appetite.\'b8
W. Irving.
2. (Mus.) See Capriccio.
Syn. -- Freak; whim; crotchet; fancy; vagary; humor;
whimsey; fickleness.
Ca*pri"cious (?), a. [Cf. F.
capricleux, It. capriccioso.]
Governed or characterized by caprice; apt to change
suddenly; freakish; whimsical; changeable.
\'bdCapricious poet.\'b8 Shak.
\'bdCapricious humor.\'b8 Hugh Miller.
A capricious partiality to the Romish
practices.
Hallam.
Syn. -- Freakish; whimsical; fanciful; fickle; crotchety;
fitful; wayward; changeable; unsteady; uncertain; inconstant;
arbitrary.
-- Ca*pri"cious*ly, adv. --
Ca*pri"cious*ness, n.
Cap"ri*corn (?), n. [L.
capricornus; caper goat + cornu
horn: cf. F. capricorne.] 1.
(Astron.) The tenth sign of zodiac, into which
the sun enters at the winter solstice, about December 21. See
Tropic.
The sun was entered into Capricorn.
Dryden.
2. (Astron.) A southern constellation,
represented on ancient monuments by the figure of a goat, or a
figure with its fore part like a fish.
Capricorn beetle (Zo\'94l.), any
beetle of the family Carambucid\'91; one of the
long-horned beetles. The larv\'91 usually bore into the wood or
bark of trees and shurbs and are often destructive. See
Girdler, Pruner.
Cap"rid (?), a. [L.
caper, capra, goat.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the tribe of
ruminants of which the goat, or genus Capra, is the
type.
Cap"ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
caprificatio, fr. caprificare to ripen figs
by caprification, fr. caprificus the wild fig;
caper goat + ficus fig.] The
practice of hanging, upon the cultivated fig tree, branches of
the wild fig infested with minute hymenopterous insects.
Cap"ri*fole (?), n. [L.
caper goat + folium leaf.] The
woodbine or honeysuckle.
Spenser.
Cap"ri*fo`li*a`ceous (?), a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the Honeysuckle family of
plants (Caprifoliac\'91.
Cap"ri*form (?), a. [L.
caper goat + -form.] Having the
form of a goat.
Ca*prig"e*nous (?), a. [L.
caprigenus; caper goat + gegnere
to produce.] Of the goat kind.
Cap"rine (?), a. [L.
caprinus.] Of or pertaining to a goat;
as, caprine gambols.
Cap"ri*ole (?), n. [F.
capriole, cabriole, It.
capriola, fr. L. caper goat. Cf.
Caper, v. i. Cabriole,
Caprice, Cheveril.] 1.
(Man.) A leap that a horse makes with all fours,
upwards only, without advancing, but with a kick or jerk of the
hind legs when at the height of the leap.
2. A leap or caper, as in dancing. \'bdWith
lofty turns and caprioles.\'b8
Sir J. Davies.
Cap"ri*ole, v. i. To perform a
capriole.
Carlyle.
Cap"ri*ped (?), a. [L.
capripers; caper goat + pes
pedis, foot.] Having feet like those of a
goat.
<-- p. 215 -->
Cap"ro*ate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of caproic acid.
Ca*pro"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
See under Capric.
Cap"ry*late (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of caprylic acid.
Ca*pryl"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) See under Capric.
Cap*sa"i*cin (?), n. [From
Capsicum.] (Chem.) A colorless
crystalline substance extracted from the Capsicum
annuum, and giving off vapors of intense acridity.
Cap"sheaf` (?), n. The top
sheaf of a stack of grain: (fig.) the crowning or
finishing part of a thing.
Cap"si*cin (?), n. [From
Capsicum.] (Chem.) A red liquid or
soft resin extracted from various species of capsicum.
Cap"si*cine (?), n. [From
Capsicum.] (Chem.) A valatile
alkaloid extracted from Capsicum annuum or from
capsicin.
Cap"si*cum (?), n. [NL., fr. L.
capsa box, chest.] (Bot.) A
genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry
berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent,
biting taste, and when ground form the red of Cayenne pepper of
commerce.
Capsicum
baccatum or birs pepper. C, annuum or
chili pepper, C. frutesens or spur pepper,
and C. annuum or Guinea pepeer, which
includes the bell pepper and other common garden varieties. The
fruit is much used, both in its green and ripe state, in pickles
and in cookery. See Cayenne pepper.
Cap*size" (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Capsized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Capsizing.] [Cf. Sp.
cabecear to nod, pitch, capuzar,
chapuzar, to sink (a vessel) by the head; both fr. L.
caput head.] To upset or overturn, as a
vessel or other body.
But what if carrying sail capsize the boat?
Byron.
Cap"size` (?), n. An upset or
overturn.
Cap"*square (?), n.
(Gun.) A metal covering plate which passes over
the trunnions of a cannon, and holds it in place.
Cap"stan (?), n. [F.
cabestan, fr. Sp. cabestrante,
cabrestante, fr. cabestrar to bind with a
halter, fr. cabestrohalter, fr. L.
capistrum halter, fr. capere to hold (see
Capacious); or perh. the Spanish is fr. L.
caper goat + stans, p. pr. of
stare to stand; cf. F. ch\'8avre she-goat,
also a machine for raising heavy weights.] A vertical
cleated drum or cylinder, revolving on an upright spindle, and
surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for bars or levers. It is
much used, especially on shipboard, for moving or raising heavy
weights or exerting great power by traction upon a rope or cable,
passing around the drum. It is operated either by steam power or
by a number of men walking around the capstan, each pushing on
the end of a lever fixed in its socket. [Sometimes
spelt Capstern, but improperly.]
Capstan bar, one of the long bars or levers by
which the capstan is worked; a handspike.. -- To pawl
the capstan, to drop the pawls so that they will catch
in the notches of the pawl ring, and prevent the capstan from
turning back. -- To rig the capstan, to
prepare the for use, by putting the bars in the sockets. --
To surge the capstan, to slack the tension of the
rope or cable wound around it.
Cap"stone` (?), n.
(Paleon.) A fossil echinus of the genus
Cannulus; -- so called from its supposed resemblance
to a cap.
{ Cap"su*lar (?), Cap"su*la*ry
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
capsulaire.] Of or pertaining to a capsule;
having the nature of a capsula; hollow and fibrous.
Capsular ligament (Anat.), a
ligamentous bag or capsule surrounding many movable joints in the
skeleton.
{ Cap"su*late (?), Cap"su*la`ted
(?), } a. Inclosed in a capsule,
or as in a chest or box.
Cap"sule (?), n. [L.
capsula a little box or chest, fr. capsa
chest, case, fr. capere to take, contain: cf. F.
capsule.] 1. (Bot.) a
dry fruit or pod which is made up of several parts or carpels,
and opens to discharge the seeds, as, the capsule of
the poppy, the flax, the lily, etc.
2. (Chem.) (a) A small saucer
of clay for roasting or melting samples of ores, etc.; a
scorifier. (b) a small, shallow, evaporating
dish, usually of porcelain.
3. (Med.) A small cylindrical or
spherical gelatinous envelope in which nauseous or acrid doses
are inclosed to be swallowed.
4. (Anat.) A membranous sac containing
fluid, or investing an organ or joint; as, the
capsule of the lens of the eye. Also, a capsulelike
organ.
5. A metallic seal or cover for closing a
bottle,
6. A small cup or shell, as of metal, for a
percussion cap, cartridge, etc.
Atrabiliary capsule. See under
Atrabiliary. -- Glisson's capsule, a
membranous envelope, entering the liver along with the portal
vessels and insheathing the latter in their course through the
organ. -- Suprarenal capsule, an organ of
unknown function, above or in front of each kidney.
Cap"tain (?), n. [OE.
capitain, captain, OF. capitain,
F. capitaine (cf. Sp. capitan, It.
capitano), LL. capitaneus,
capitanus, fr. L. caput the head. See under
Chief, and cf. Chieftain.] 1.
A head, or chief officer; as: (a) The
military officer who commands a company, troop, or battery, or
who has the rank entitling him to do so though he may be employed
on other service. (b) An officer in the
United States navy, next above a commander and below a commodore,
and ranking with a colonel in the ermy. (c)
By courtesy, an officer actually commanding a vessel,
although not having the rank of captain. (d)
The master or commanding officer of a merchant
vessel. (e) One in charge of a portion of a
ship's company; as, a captain of a top,
captain of a gun, etc. (f) The
foreman of a body of workmen. (g) A person
having authority over others acting in concert; as, the
captain of a boat's crew; the captain of a
football team.
A trainband captain eke was he.
Cowper.
The Rhodian captain, relying on . . . the lightness
of his vessel, passed, in open day, through all the guards.
Arbuthnot.
2. A military leader; a warrior.
Foremost captain of his time.
Tennyson.
Captain general. (a) The commander in
chief of an army or armies, or of the militia. (b)
The Spanish governor of Cuba and its dependent islands.
-- Captain lieutenant, a lieutenant with the rank
and duties of captain but with a lieutenant's pay, -- as in the
first company of an English regiment.
Cap"tain (?), v. t. To act as
captain of; to lead. [R.]
Men who captained or accompanied the exodus from
existing forms.
Lowell.
Cap"tain, a. Chief; superior.
[R.]
captain jewes in the carcanet.
Shak.
Cap"tain*cy (?), n.; pl.
Captaincies (. The rank, post,
or commission of a captain.
Washington.
Captaincy general, the office, power,
teritory, or jurisdiction of a captain general; as, the
captaincy general of La Habana (Cuba and its
islands).
Cap"tain*ry (?), n. [Cf. F.
capitainerie.] Power, or command, over a
certain district; chieftainship. [Obs.]
Cap"tain*ship, n. 1. The
condition, rank, post, or authority of a captain or chief
commander. \'bdTo take the captainship.\'b8
Shak.
2. Military skill; as, to show good
captainship.
Cap*ta`tion (?), n. [L.
captatio, fr. captare to catch, intens of
caper to take: cf. F. captation.]
A courting of favor or applause, by flattery or address; a
captivating quality; an attraction. [Obs.]
Without any of those dresses, or popular
captations, which some men use in their speeches.
Eikon Basilike.
Cap"tion (?), n. [L.
captio, fr. caper to take. In senses 3 and
4, perhaps confounded in meaning with L. caput a head.
See Capacious.] 1. A caviling; a
sophism. [Obs.]
This doctrine is for caption and contradiction.
Bacon.
2. The act of taking or arresting a person by
judicial process. [R.]
Bouvier.
3. (Law) That part of a legal
instrument, as a commission, indictment, etc., which shows where,
when, and by what authority, it taken, found, or executed.
Bouvier. Wharton.
4. The heading of a chapter, section, or
page. [U. S.]
Cap"tious (?), a. [F.
captieux, L. captiosus. See
Caption.] 1. Art to catch at faults;
disposed to find fault or to cavil; eager to object; difficult to
please.
A captius and suspicious.
Stillingfleet.
I am sensible I have not disposed my materials to adbide the
test of a captious controversy.
Bwike.
2. Fitted to harass, perplex, or insnare;
insidious; troublesome.
Captious restraints on navigation.
Bancroft.
Syn. -- Caviling, carping, fault-finding; censorious;
hypercritical; peevish, fretful; perverse; troublesome.
-- Captious, caviling,
Carping. A captious person is one who has a
fault-finding habit or manner, or is disposed to catch at faults,
errors, etc., with quarrelsome intent; a caviling
person is disposed to raise objections on frivolous grounds;
carping implies that one is given to ill-natured,
persistent, or unreasonable fault-finding, or picking up of the
words or actions of others.
Caviling is the carping of argument,
carping the caviling of ill temper.
C. J. Smith.
Cap"tious*ly, adv. In a captious
manner.
Cap"tious*ness, n. Captious disposition
or manner.
Cap"ti*vate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Captivated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Captivating.] [L.
captivatus, p. p. of captivare to capture,
fr. captivus captive. See Captive.]
1. To take prisoner; to capture; to subdue.
[Obs.]
Their woes whom fortune captivates.
Shak.
2. To acquire ascendancy over by reason of some art
or attraction; to fascinate; to charm; as, Cleopatra
captivated Antony; the orator captivated all
hearts.
Small landscapes of captivating loveliness.
W. Irving.
Syn. -- To enslave; subdue; overpower; charm; enchant;
bewitch; facinate; capture; lead captive.
Cap"ti*vate (?), p. a. [L.
captivatus.] Taken prisoner; made captive;
insnared; charmed.
Women have been captivate ere now.
Shak.
Cap"ti*va`ting (?), a. Having
power to captivate or cham; fascinating; as,
captivating smiles. --
Cap"tiva`ting*ly, adv.
Cap"ti*va`tion (?), n. [L.
capticatio.] The act of captivating.
[R.]
The captivation of our understanding.
Bp. Hall.
Cap"tive (?), n. [L.
captivus, fr. capere to take: cf. F.
captif. See Caitiff.] 1.
A prisoner taken by force or stratagem, esp., by an enemy,
in war; one kept in bondage or in the power of another.
Then, when I am thy captive, talk of chains.
Milton.
2. One charmed or subdued by beaty, excellence, or
affection; one who is captivated.
Cap"tive, a. 1. Made prisoner,
especially in war; held in bondage or in confinement.
A poor, miserable, captive thrall.
Milton.
2. Subdued by love; charmed; captivated.
Even in so short a space, my wonan's heart
Grossly grew captive to his honey words.
Shak.
3. Of or pertaining to bondage or confinement;
serving to confine; as, captive chains;
captive hours.
Cap"tive (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Captived
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Captiving.] To take prisoner; to
capture.
Their inhabitans slaughtered and captived.
Burke.
Cap*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [L.
captivitas: cf. F. captivit\'82.]
1. The state of being a captive or a
prisoner.
More celebrated in his captivity that in his
greatest triumphs.
Dryden.
2. A state of being under control; subjection of
the will or affections; bondage.
Sink in the soft captivity together.
Addison.
Syn. -- Imprisonment; confinement; bondage; subjection;
servitude; slavery; thralldom; serfdom.
Cap"tor (?), n. [L., a cather
(of animals), fr. caper to take.] One who
captures any person or thing, as a prisoner or a prize.
Cap"ture (?), n. [L.
capture, fr. caper to take: cf. F.
capture. See Caitiff, and cf.
aptive.]
1. The act of seizing by force, or getting
possession of by superior power or by stratagem; as, the
capture of an enemy, a vessel, or a criminal.
Even with regard to captures made at sea.
Bluckstone.
2. The securing of an object of strife or desire,
as by the power of some attraction.
3. The thing taken by force, surprise, or
stratagem; a prize; prey.
Syn. -- Seizure; apprehension; arrest; detention.
Cap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Captured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Capturing.] To seize or take
possession of by force, surprise, or stratagem; to overcome and
hold; to secure by effort.
Her heart is like some fortress that has been
captured.
W. Ivring.
\'d8Ca*puc"cio (?), n. [It.
cappucio. See Capoch.] A capoch or
hood. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Ca*puched" (?), a. [See
Capoch.] Cover with, or as with, a
hood. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cap`u*chin" (?), n. [F.
capucin a monk who wears a cowl, fr. It.
cappuccio hood. See Capoch.]
1. (Eccl.) A Franciscan monk of the
austere branch established in 1526 by Matteo di Baschi,
distinguished by wearing the long pointed cowl or capoch of St.
Francis.
A bare-footed and long-bearded capuchin.
Sir W. Scott.
2. A garment for women, consisting of a cloak and
hood, resembling, or supposed to resemble, that of
capuchin monks.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A long-tailed
South American monkey (Cabus capucinus), having the
forehead naked and wrinkled, with the hair on the crown reflexed
and resembling a monk's cowl, the rest being of a grayish white;
-- called also capucine monkey,
weeper, sajou,
sapajou, and sai.
(b) Other species of Cabus, as C.
fatuellus (the brown or horned
capucine.), C. albifrons (the
cararara), and C. apella.
(c) A variety of the domestic pigeon having a
hoodlike tuft of feathers on the head and sides of the
neck.
Capuchin nun, one of an austere order of
Franciscan nuns which came under Capuchin rule in 1538. The order
had recently been founded by Maria Longa.
Cap"u*cine (?), n. See
Capuchin, 3.
Cap"u*let (?), n. (Far.)
Same as Capellet.
Cap"u*lin (?), n. [Sp.
capuli.] The Mexican chery (Prunus
Capollin).
\'d8Ca"put, n.; pl. Capita
(#). [L., the head.] 1.
(Anat.) The head; also, a knoblike protuberance
or capitulum.
2. The top or superior part of a thing.
3. (Eng.) The council or ruling body of
the University of Cambridge prior to the constitution of
1856.
Your caputs and heads of colleges.
Lamb.
Caput mortuum (. [L., dead
head.] (Old Chem.) The residuum after
distillation or sublimation; hence, worthless residue.
Ca`py*ba"ra (?), n. [Sp.
capibara, fr. the native name.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large South American rodent
(Hydroch\'91rus capybara) Living on the margins of
lakes and rivers. It is the largest extant rodent, being about
three feet long, and half that in height. It somewhat resembles
the Guinea pig, to which it is related; -- called also
cabiai and water hog.
<-- p. 216 -->
Car (?), n. [OF.
car, char, F. cahr, fr. L.
carrus, Wagon: a Celtic word; cf. W. car,
Armor. karr, Ir. & Gael. carr. cf.
Chariot.] 1. A small vehicle moved
on wheels; usually, one having but two wheels and drawn by one
horse; a cart.
2. A vehicle adapted to the rails of a
railroad. [U. S.]
passenger car is
called a railway carriage; a freight car a
goods wagon; a platform car a goods
truck; a baggage car a van. But
styles of car introduced into England from America are called
cars; as, tram car. Pullman car.
See Train.
3. A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of
splendor, dignity, or solemnity. [Poetic].
The gilded car of day.
Milton.
The towering car, the sable steeds.
Tennyson.
4. (Astron.) The stars also called
Charles's Wain, the Great Bear, or the Dipper.
The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern Car.
Dryden.
5. The cage of a lift or elevator.
6. The basket, box, or cage suspended from a ballon
to contain passengers, ballast, etc.
7. A floating perforated box for living fish.
[U. S.]
Car coupling, or Car
coupler, a shackle or other device for connecting the
cars in a railway train. [U. S.] -- Dummy
car (Railroad), a car containing its own
steam power or locomotive. -- Freight car
(Railrood), a car for the transportation of
merchandise or other goods. [U. S.] -- Hand
car (Railroad), a small car propelled by hand,
used by railroad laborers, etc. [U. S.] --
Horse car, or Street
car, an ommibus car, draw by horses or other
power upon rails laid in the streets. [U. S.]
-- Mcol>Palace car, Drawing-room car,
Sleeping car, Parior caretc. ,
(Railroad), cars especially designed and furnished
for the comfort of travelers.
Car"a*bid (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the
genus Carbus or family Carabid\'91.
-- n. One of the Carabid\'91, a
family of active insectivorous beetles.
Car"a*bine (?), n. (Mil.)
A carbine.
Car`a*bi*neer" (?), n. A
carbineer.
Car"a*boid (?), a.
[Carabus + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to the genus
Carabus.
\'d8Car"a*bus (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of ground beetles, including numerous species. They devour
many injurious insects.
Car"ac (?), n. See
Carack.
Car"a*cal (?), n. [F.
caracal, fr. Turk garahgootag;
garah black + goofag ear.]
(Zo\'94l.) A lynx (Felis, or Lynx,
caracal.) It is a native of Africa and Asia. Its ears are
black externally, and tipped with long black hairs.
Ca"`ra*ca"ra (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A south American bird of several
species and genera, resembling both the eagles and the vultures.
The caracaras act as scavengers, and are also called
carrion buzzards.
Ibycter ater; the
chimango is Milvago chimango; the Brazilian is
Polyborus Braziliensis.
Car"ack (?), n. [F.
caraque (cf. Sp. & Pg. carraca, It.
caracca.), LL. carraca, fr. L.
carrus wagon; or perh. fr. Ar. qorq\'d4r
(pl. qar\'beqir) a carack.] (Naut.)
A kind of large ship formerly used by the Spaniards and
Portuguese in the East India trade; a galleon.
[Spelt also carrack.]
The bigger whale like some huge carrack law.
Waller.
Car"a*cole (?), n. [F.
caracole, caracol, fr. Sp.
caracol snail, winding staircase, a wheeling
about.]
1. (Man.) A half turn which a horseman
makes, either to the right or the left.
2. (Arch.) A staircase in a spiral
form.
\'d8En caracole ( [F.],
spiral; -- said of a staircase.
Car"a*cole (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Caracoled
(?).] [Cf. F.
caracoler.] (Man.) To move in a
caracole, or in caracoles; to wheel.
Prince John caracoled within the lists.
Sir W. Scott.
Car"a*col`y (?), n. An alloy of
gold, silver, and copper, of which an inferior quality of jewerly
is made.
{ Car"a*core (?), Car"a*co`ra
(?) }, n. [Malay
kurakura.] A light vessel or proa used by
the people of Borneo, etc., and by the Dutch in the East
Indies.
\'d8Ca*rafe" (?), n. [F.]
A glass water bottle for the table or toilet; -- called also
croft.
{ Car"a*geen` Car"a*gheen` }
(?), n. See Carrageen.
Ca`ram*bo"la (?), n.
(Bot.) An East Indian tree (Averrhoa
Carambola), and its acid, juicy fruit; called also
Coromandel gooseberry.
Car"a*mel (?), n. [F.
caramel (cf. Sp. caramelo), LL. canna
mellis, cannamella, canamella,
calamellus mellitus, sugar cane, from or confused with
L. canna reed + mel, mellis,
honey. See Cane.] 1. (Chem.)
Burnt sugar; a brown or black porous substance obtained by
heating sugar. It is soluble in water, and is used for coloring
spirits, gravies, etc.
2. A kind of confectionery, usually a small cube or
square of tenacious paste, or candy, of varying composition and
flavor.
Ca*ran"goid (?), a.
[Caranx + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the
Carangid\'91, a family of fishes allied to the
mackerels, and including the caranx, American bluefish, and the
pilot fish.
\'d8Ca"ranx (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes, common on the
Atlantic coast, including the yellow or goldon mackerel.
Car"a*pace (?), n. [F.]
(Zo\'94l.) The thick shell or sheild which cover
the back of the tortoise, or turtle, the crab, and other
crustaceous animals.
\'d8Ca`ra*pa"to (?), n. [Pg.
carrapato.] (Zo\'94l.) A south
American tick of the genus Amblyamma. There are
several species, very troublesome to man and beast.
Car"a*pax (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Carapace.
Car"at (?), n. [F.
carat (cf. It. carato, OPg.
quirate, Pg. & Sp. quilate), Ar.
q bean or pea shell, a weight of four grins, a
carat, fr. Gr. Horn.] 1. The
weight by which precious stones and pearls are weighed.
carat equals three and one fifth
grains Troy, and is divided into four grains, sometimes called
carat grains. Diamonds and other precious stones are
estimated by carats and fractions of carats, and pearls, usually,
by carat grains.
Titfany.
2. A twenty-fourth part; -- a term used in
estimating the proportionate fineness of gold.
carats fine, according to the number of twenty-fourths
of pure gold which it contains; as, 22 carats fine
(goldsmith's standard) = 22 parts of gold, 1 of copper, and 1 of
silver.
Car"a*van (?), n. [F.
caravane (cf. Sp. caravana), fr. Per.
karmw\'ben a caravan (in sense 1). Cf. Van a
wagon.] 1. A company of travelers, pilgrims,
or merchants, organized and equipped for a long journey, or
marching or traveling together, esp. through deserts and
countries infested by robbers or hostile tribes, as in Asia or
Africa.
2. A large, covered wagon, or a train of such
wagons, for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an
itinerant show, as of wild beasts.
3. A covered vehicle for carrying passengers or for
moving furniture, etc.; -- sometimes shorted into
van.
Car`a*van*eer" (?), n. [Cf. F.
caravanier.] The leader or driver of the
camels in caravan.
Car`a*van"sa*ry (?), n.;
pl. Caravansaries (#) [F.
caravans\'82rai, fr. Per.
karw\'bensar\'be\'8b; karw\'ben caravan +
-sar\'be\'8b palace, large house, inn.] A
kind of inn, in the East, where caravans rest at night, being a
large, rude, unfurnished building, surrounding a court.
[Written also caravanserai and
caravansera.]
Car"a*vel (?), n. [F.
caravelle (cf. It. caravella, Sp.
carabela), fr. Sp. caraba a kind of vessel,
fr. L. carabus a kind of light boat, fr. Gr. [written
also caravel and caravelle.]
(Naut.) A name given to several kinds of
vessels. (a) The caravel of the 16th century
was a small vessel with broad bows, high, narrow poop, four
masts, and lateen sails. Columbus commanded three
caravels on his great voyage. (b)
A Portuguese vessel of 100 or 150 tons burden.
(c) A small fishing boat used on the French
coast. (d) A Turkish man-of-war.
Car"a*way (?), n. [F.
carvi (cf. Sp. carvi and
al-caravea, al-carahueya, Pg.
al-caravia) fr. Ar. karaw\'c6\'befr. Gr.
caraum.] 1.
(Bot.) A biennial plant of the Parsley family
(Carum Carui). The seeds have an aromatic smell, and a
warm, pungent taste. They are used in cookery and confectionery,
and also in medicine as a carminative.
2. A cake or sweetmeat containing caraway
seeds.
Caraways, or biscuits, or some other [comfits].
Cogan.
Car*bam"ic (?), a.
[Carbon + amido.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to an acid so called.
Carbamic acid (Chem.), an amido
acid, NH2.CO2H, not existing in the free state,
but occurring as a salt of ammonium in commercial ammonium
carbonate; -- called also amido formic
acid.
Car*bam"ide (?), n.
[Carbonyl + amide.]
(Chem.) The technical name for urea.
Car*bam"ine (?), n.
(Chem.) An isocyanide of a hydrocarbon radical.
The carbamines are liquids, usually colorless, and of unendurable
odor.
Car"ba*nil (?), n.
[Carbonyl + aniline.]
(Chem.) A mobile liquid,
CO.N.C6H5, of pungent odor. It is the phenyl
salt of isocyanic acid.
Car"ba*zol (?), n.
[Carbon + azo + -ol.]
(Chem.) A white crystallized substance,
C12H8NH, derived from aniline and other
amines.
Car*baz"o*tate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of carbazotic or picric acid; a
picrate.
Car`ba*zot"ic (?), a.
[Carbon + azole.] Containing, or
derived from, carbon and nitrogen.
Carbazotic acid (Chem.), picric
acid. See under Picric.
Car"bide (?), n.
[Carbon + -ide.]
(Chem.) A binary compound of carbon with some
other element or radical, in which the carbon plays the part of a
negative; -- formerly termed carburet.
Car"bi*mide (?), n.
[Carbon + imide]
(Chem.) The technical name for isocyanic acid.
See under Isocyanic.
Car"bine (?), n. [F.
carbine, OF. calabrin carabineer (cf. Ot.
calabrina a policeman), fr. OF & Pr.
calabre, OF. cable, chable, an
engine of war used in besieging, fr. LL. chadabula,
cabulus, a kind of projectile machine, fr. Gr. Parable.] (Mil.) A short, light
musket or rifle, esp. one used by mounted soldiers or
cavalry.
Car`bi*neer" (?), n. [F.
carabinier.] (Mil.) A soldier
armed with a carbine.
Car"bi*nol (?), n.
[Carbin (Kolbe's name for the radical) +
-ol.] (Chem.) Methyl alcohol,
CH3OH; -- also, by extension, any one in the
homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which methyl alcohol
is the type.
Car`bo*hy"drate (?), n.
[Carbon + hydrate.]
(Physiol. Chem.) One of a group of compounds
including the sugars, starches, and gums, which contain six (or
some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a variable number
of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter always in
proportion as to form water; as dextrose,
C6H12O6.
Car`bo*hy"dride (?), n.
[Carbon + hydrogen.]
(Chem.) A hydrocarbon.
Car*bol"ic (?), a. [L.
carbo coal + oleum oil.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
derived from coal tar and other sources; as,
carbolic acid (called also phenic acid, and
phenol). See Phenol.
Car"bo*lize (?), v. t.
(Med.) To apply carbonic acid to; to wash or
treat with carbolic acid.
Car"bon (?), n. [F.
carbone, fr. L. carbo coal; cf, Skr. (Chem.) An elementary substance, not
metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic
compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and
forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into
mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the
diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric
crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is
graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in
hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms
carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide,
according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with
hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare
Diamond, and Graphite.
Carbon compounds, Compounds of
carbon (Chem.), those compounds
consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced by animals and
plants, and hence called organic compounds, though
their synthesis may be effected in many cases in the
laboratory.
The formation of the compounds of carbon is not
dependent upon the life process.
I. Remsen
-Carbon dioxide, Carbon
monoxide. (Chem.) See under
Carbonic. -- Carbon light
(Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light
produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon points
kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact. --
Carbon point (Elec.), a small cylinder
or bit of gas carbon moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is
burned away by the electric current, it shall contantly maintain
its proper relation to the opposing point. -- Carbon
tissue, paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used in
the autotype process of photography. Abney. --
Gas carbon, a compact variety of carbon obtained
as an incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for
the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the voltaic,
arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries, etc.
Car"bo*na`ceous (?), a.
Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon.
{ Car"bo*nade (?), Car`bo*na"do
(?), } n. [Cf. F.
carbonnade, It. carbonata, Sp.
carbonada, from L. carbo coal.]
(Cookery) Flesh, fowl, etc., cut across,
seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop. [Obs.]
{ Car`bo*na"do (?), Car"bo*nade
(?), } v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Carbonadoed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Carbonadoing.] 1. To
cut (meat) across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and
broil. [Obs.]
A short-legged hen daintily carbonadoed.
Bean. & Fl.
2. To cut or hack, as in fighting.
[Obs.]
I'll so carbonado your shanks.
Shak.
Car`bo*na"do (?), n.; pl.
Carbonadoes (#). [Pg.,
carbonated.] (Min.) A black variety of
diamond, found in Brazil, and used for diamond drills. It occurs
in irregular or rounded fragments, rarely distinctly
crystallized, with a texture varying from compact to
porous.
Car`bo*na"rism (?), n. The
principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari.
\'d8Car`bo*na"ro (?), n.; pl.
Carbonari (#). [It., a coal
man.] A member of a secret political association in
Italy, organized in the early part of the nineteenth centry for
the purpose of changing the government into a republic.
Carbonari is uncertain,
but the society is said to have first met, in 1808, among the
charcoal burners of the mountains, whose phraseology they
adopted.
Car`bon*a*ta"tion (?), n. [From
Carbonate.] (Sugar Making) The
saturation of defecated beet juice with carbonic acid gas.
Knight.
Car"bon*ate (?), n. [Cf. F.
carbonate.] (Chem.) A salt or
carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore,
etc.
Car"bon*a`ted (?), a. Combined
or impregnated with carbonic acid.
Car"bone (?), v. t. [See
Carbonado.] To broil. [Obs.]
\'bdWe had a calf's head carboned\'b8.
Pepys.
Car*bon"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
carbonique. See Carbon.]
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from,
carbon; as, carbonic oxide.
Carbonic acid (Chem.), an acid
H2CO3, not existing separately, which, combined
with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms carbonates. On
common language the term is very generally applied to a compound
of carbon and oxygen, CO2, more correctly called
carbon dioxide. It is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable
gas, extinguishing flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can
be reduced to a liquid and solid form by intense pressure. It is
produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by the combustion
and decomposition of organic substances, or other substances
containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of fire damp in
mines, and is hance called after damp; it is also know
as choke damp, and mephilic air. Water will
absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under pressure,
and in this state becomes the common soda water of the shops, and
the carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it
constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants imbibe
it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being retained and
the oxygen given out. -- Carbonic oxide
(Chem.), a colorless gas, CO, of
a light odor, called more correctly carbon monoxide. It
is almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon
seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete
combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water
gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and
burns with a pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide.
<-- p. 217 -->
Car"bon*ide (?), n. A
carbide. [R.]
Car`bon*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Carbon + -ferous.]
Producing or containing carbon or coal.
Carboniferous age (Geol.), the age
immediately following the Devonian, or Age of
fishes, and characterized by the vegatation which formed the
coal beds. This age embraces three periods, the
Subcarboniferous, the Carboniferous, and
Permian. See Age of acrogens, under
Acrogen. -- Carboniferous formation
(Geol.), the series of rocks (including
sandstones, shales, limestones, and conglomerates, with beds of
coal) which make up the strata of the Carboniferous age . See the Diagram under Geology.
Car`bon*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. carbonisation.] The act or process of
carbonizing.
Car"bon*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Carbonized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Carbonizing.] [Cf. F.
carboniser.] 1. To cover (an
animal or vegatable substance) into a residue of carbon by the
action of fire or some corrosive agent; to char.
2. To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in
making steel by cementation.
Car`bon*om"e*ter (?), n.
[Carbon + -meter.] An
instrument for detecting and measuring the amount of carbon which
is present, or more esp. the amount of carbon dioxide, by its
action on limewater or by other means.
Car"bon*yl (?), n.
[Carbon + -yl.]
(Chem.) The radical
(CO)\'b7\'b7, occuring, always combined, in many
compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl
chloride, etc.
Carbonyl chloride (Chem.), a
colorless gas, COCl2, of offensive odor, and
easily condensable to liquid. It is formed from chlorine and
carbon monoxide, under the influence of light, and hence has been
called phosgene gas; -- called also
carbon oxychloride.
Car`bo*sty"ril (?), n.
[Carbon + styrene.] A white
crystalline substance, C9H6N.OH, of acid
properties derived from one of the amido cinnamic acids.
Car*box"ide (?), n.
[Carbon + oxide.]
(Chem.) A compound of carbon and oxygen, as
carbonyl, with some element or radical; as, potassium
carboxide.
Potassium carboxide, a grayish explosive
crystalline compound, C6O6K, obtained by passing
carbon monoxide over heated potassium.
Car*box"yl (?), n.
[Carbon + oxygen +
-yl.] (Chem.) The complex
radical, CO.OH, regarded as the essential and
characteristic constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon (as
formic, acetic, benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; -- called
also oxatyl.
Car"boy (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael
carb basket; or Pers qur\'bebah a sort of
bottle.] A large, globular glass bottle, esp. one of
green glass, inclosed in basket work or in a box, for protection;
-- used commonly for carrying corrosive liquids; as sulphuric
acid, etc.
Car"bun*cle (?), n. [L.
carbunculus a little coal, a bright kind of precious
stone, a kind of tumor, dim. of carbo coal: cf. F.
carboncle. See Carbon.]
1. (Min.) A beautiful gem of a deep red
color (with a mixture of scarlet) called by the Greeks
anthrax; found in the East Indies. When held up to the
sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes of the color of burning
coal. The name belongs for the most part to ruby sapphire, though
it has been also given to red spinel and garnet.
2. (Med.) A very painful acute local
inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, esp. of the trunk or
back of the neck, characterized by brawny hardness of the
affected parts, sloughing of the skin and deeper tissues, and
marked constitutional depression. It differs from a boil in size,
tendency to spread, and the absence of a central core, and is
frequently fatal. It is also called
anthrax.
3. (Her.) A charge or bearing supposed
to represent the precious stone. It has eight scepters or staves
radiating from a common center. Called also
escarbuncle.
Car"bun*cled (?), a. 1.
Set with carbuncles.
He has deserves it [armor], were it carbuncled
Like holy Phabus' car.
Shak.
2. Affected with a carbuncle or carbuncles; marked
with red sores; pimpled and blotched. \'bdA
carbuncled face.\'b8
Brome.
Car*bun"cu*lar (?), a.
Belonging to a carbuncle; resembling a carbuncle; red;
inflamed.
Car*bun`cu*la"tion (?), n. [L.
carbunculatio.] The blasting of the young
buds of trees or plants, by excessive heat or caold.
Harris.
Car"bu*ret (?), n. [From
Carbon.] (Chem.) A carbide. See
Carbide [Archaic]
Car"bu*ret, v. t. [imp & p.
p. Carbureted or Carburetted (p. pr. & vb. n. Carbureting or
Carburetting.] To combine or to
impregnate with carbon, as by passing through or over a liquid
hydrocarbon; to carbonize or carburize.
By carbureting the gas you may use poorer coal.
Knight.
Car"bu*ret`ant (?), n. Any
volatile liquid used in charging illuminating gases.
Car"bu*ret`ed (?), a. 1.
(Chem.) Combined with carbon in the manner of a
carburet or carbide.
2. Saturated or impregnated with some volatile
carbon compound; as, water gas is carbureted to
increase its illuminating power.
[Written also carburetted.]
Carbureted hydrogen gas, any one of several
gaseous compounds of carbon and hydrogen, some of with make up
illuminating gas. -- Light carbureted hydrogen,
marsh gas, CH4; fire damp<--;
methane-->.
Car"bu*ret`or (?), n.
(Chem.) An apparatus in which coal gas, hydrogen,
or air is passed through or over a volatile hydrocarbon, in order
to confer or increase illuminating power. [Written
also carburettor.]
Car"bu*ri*za`tion (?), n.
(Chem.) The act, process, or result of
carburizing.
Car"bu*rize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Carburized
(?); p. pr. & vb. N.
Carburizing.] (Chem.) To
combine wtih carbon or a carbon compound; -- said esp. of a
process for conferring a higher degree of illuminating power on
combustible gases by mingling them with a vapor of valatile
hydrocarbons.
Car"ca*jou (?), n. [Probably a
Canadian French corruption of an Indian name of the
wolverene.] (Zo\'94l.) The wolverence; --
also applied, but erroneously, to the Canada lynx, and sometimes
to the American badger. See Wolverene.
Car"ca*net (?), n. [Dim. fr. F.
carcan the iron collar or chain of a criminal, a chain
of preciousstones, LL. carcannum, fr. Armor.
kerchen bosom, neck, kechen collar, fr.
kelch circle; or Icel. kverk troat, OHG,
querca throat.] A jeweled chain, necklace,
or collar. [Also written carkenet and
carcant.]
Shak.
Car"case (?), n. See
Carcass.
Car"cass (?), n.; pl.
Carcasses (#). [Written also
carcase.] [F. carcasse, fr.
It. carcassa, fr. L. caro flesh +
capsa chest, box, case. Cf. Carnal,
Case a sheath.] 1. A dead body,
whether of man or beast; a corpse; now commonly the dead body of
a beast.
He turned to see the carcass of the lion.
Judges xiv. 8.
This kept thousands in the town whose carcasses
went into the great pits by cartloads.
De Foe.
2. The living body; -- now commonly used in
contempt or ridicule. \'bdTo pamper his own
carcass.\'b8
South.
Lovely her face; was ne'er so fair a creature.
For earthly carcass had a heavenly feature.
Oldham.
3. The abandoned and decaying remains of some bulky
and once comely thing, as a ship; the skeleton, or the uncovered
or unfinished frame, of a thing.
A rotten carcass of a boat.
Shak.
4. (Mil.) A hollow case or shell, filled
with combustibles, to be thrown from a mortar or howitzer, to set
fire to buldings, ships, etc.
A discharge of carcasses and bombshells.
W. Iving.
\'d8Car`ca*vel"hos (?), n. A
sweet wine. See Calcavella.
Car"ce*lage (?), n. [LL.
carcelladium, carceragium, fr. L.
carcer prison.] Prison fees.
[Obs.]
Car"cel lamp` (?). [Named after
Carcel, the inventor.] A French mechanical
lamp, for lighthouses, in which a superbundance of oil is pumped
to the wick tube by clockwork.
Car"cer*al (?), a. [L.
carceralis, fr. carcer prison.]
Belonging a prison. [R.]
Foxe.
Car`ci*no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to carcinology.
Car`ci*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
-logy.] (Zo\'94l.)
The depertment of zo\'94logy which treats of the
Crustacea (lobsters, crabs, etc.); -- called also
malacostracology and
crustaceology.
\'d8Car`ci*no"ma (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. -oma.]
(Med.) A cancer. By some medical writers, the
term is applied to an indolent tumor. See Cancer.
Dunglison.
Car`ci*nom"a*tous (?), a. Of or
pertaining to carcinoma.
\'d8Car`ci*no"sys (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. The affection of the system with
cancer.
Card (?), n. [F.
carte, fr. L. charta paper, Gr. Chart.] 1. A piece of
pasteboard, or thick paper, blank or prepared for various uses;
as, a playing card; a visiting card; a
card of invitation; pl. a game played
with cards.
Our first cards were to Carabas House.
Thackeray.
2. A published note, containing a brief statement,
explanation, request, expression of thanks, or the like; as,
to put a card in the newspapers. Also, a printed
programme, and (fig.), an attraction or inducement;
as, this will be a good card for the last day of the
fair.
3. A paper on which the points of the compass are
marked; the dial or face of the mariner's compass.
All the quartere that they know
I' the shipman's card.
Shak.
4. (Weaving) A perforated pasteboard or
sheet-metal plate for warp threads, making part of the Jacquard
apparatus of a loom. See Jacquard.
5. An indicator card. See under
Indicator.
Business card, a card on which is printed an
advertisement or business address. -- Card basket
(a) A basket to hold visiting cards left by
callers. (b) A basket made of cardboard.
-- Card catalogue. See Catalogue. --
Card rack, a rack or frame for holding and
displaying business or visiting card. -- Card
table, a table for use inplaying cards, esp. one having
a leaf which folds over. -- On the cards,
likely to happen; foretold and expected but not yet brought
to pass; -- a phrase of fortune tellers that has come into common
use; also, according to the programme. -- Playing
card, cards used in playing games; specifically, the
cards cards used playing which and other games of chance, and
having each pack divided onto four kinds or suits called hearts,
diamonds, clubs, and spades. The full or whist pack contains
fifty-two cards. -- To have the cards in one's own
hands, to have the winning cards; to have the means of
success in an undertaking. -- To play one's cards
well, to make no errors; to act shrewdly. --
To play snow one's cards, to expose one's plants
to rivals or foes. -- To speak by the card,
to speak from information and definitely, not by guess as in
telling a ship's bearing by the compass card. --
Visiting card, a small card bearing the name, and
sometimes the address, of the person presenting it.
Card, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Carded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Carding.] To play at cards; to
game.
Johnson.
Card, n. [F. carde teasel,
the head of a thistle, card, from L. carduus,
cardus, thistle, fr. carere to card.]
1. An instrument for disentangling and arranging
the fibers of cotton, wool, flax, etc.; or for cleaning and
smoothing the hair of animals; -- usually consisting of bent wire
teeth set closely in rows in a thick piece of leather fastened to
a back.
2. A roll or sliver of fiber (as of wool) delivered
from a carding machine.
Card clothing, strips of wire-toothed card
used for covering the cylinders of carding machines.
Card (?), v. t. 1. To
comb with a card; to cleanse or disentangle by carding; as,
to card wool; to card a horse.
These card the short comb the longer flakes.
Dyer.
2. To clean or clear, as if by using a card.
[Obs.]
This book [must] be carded and purged.
T. Shelton.
3. To mix or mingle, as with an inferior or weaker
article. [Obs.]
You card your beer, if you guests being to be
drunk. -- half small, half strong.
Greene.
Combing.
Car"da*mine (?), n. [L.
cardamina, Gr. cardamine.] (Bot.) A genus of
cruciferous plants, containing the lady's-smock, cuckooflower,
bitter cress, meadow cress, etc.
Car"da*mom (?), n. [L.
cardamonun, Gr. 1. The
aromatic fruit, or capsule with its seeds, of several plants of
the Ginger family growing in the East Indies and elsewhere, and
much used as a condiment, and in medicine.
2. (Bot.) A plant which prduces
cardamoms, esp. Elettaria Cardamomum and several of
Amommum.
Card"board (?), n. A stiff
compact pasteboard of various qualities, for making cards, etc.,
often having a polished surface.
Card"case` (?), n. A case for
visiting cards.
Car"de*cu (?), n. [Corrupt,
from F. quart d'\'82cu.] A quarter of a
crown. [Obs.]
The bunch of them were not worth a cardecu.
Sir W. Scott.
Card"er (?), n. One who, or
that which cards wool flax, etc.
Shak.
Car"di*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.) (a) The heart.
(b) The anterior or cardiac orifice of the stomach,
where the esophagus enters it.
Car"di*ac (?), a. [L.
cardiacus, Gr. , fr. cardiaque.] 1. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, resembling, or hear the heart; as, the
cardiac arteries; the cardiac, or left, end of
the stomach.
2. (Med.) Exciting action in the heart,
through the medium of the stomach; cordial; stimulant.
Cardiac passion (Med.) cardialgia;
heartburn. [Archaic] -- Cardiac
wheel. (Mach.) See Heart
wheel.
Car"di*ac n. (Med.) A
medicine which excites action in the stomach; a cardial.
Car*di"a*cal (?), a.
Cardiac.
Car"di*a*cle (?), n. A pain
about the heart. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Car"di*a*graph (?), n. See
Cardiograph.
{ \'d8Car`di*al"gl*a (?),
Car"di*al`gy (?), } n.
[NL. cardialgia, fr. Gr. cardialgie.] (Med.)
A burning or gnawing pain, or feeling of distress, referred
to the region of the heart, accompanied with cardisc palpitation;
heartburn. It is usually a symptom of indigestion.
Car"di*gan jack`et (#). [From the Earl of
Cardigan, who was famous in the Crimean campaign of
1854-55.] A warm jacket of knit worsted with or
without sleeves.
Car"di*nal (?), a. [L.
cardinalis, fr. cardo the hing of a door,
that on which a thing turns or depends: cf. F.
cardinal.] Of fundamental importance;
pre\'89minet; superior; chief; principal.
The cardinal intersections of the zodiac.
Sir T. Browne.
Impudence is now a cardinal virtue.
Drayton.
But cardinal sins, and hollow hearts, I fear
ye.
Shak.
Cardinal numbers, the numbers one,
two, three, etc., in distinction from
first, second, third, etc., which
are called ordinal numbers. -- Cardinal
points (a) (Geol.) The four
principal points of the compass, or intersections of the horizon
with the meridian and the prime vertical circle, north, south
east, and west. (b) (Astrol.) The
rising and setting of the sun, the zenith and nadir. --
Cardinal signs (Astron.) Aries, Lidra,
Cancer, and Capricorn. -- Cardinal teeth
(Zo\'94l.), the central teeth of bivalve shell.
See Bivalve. -- Cardinal veins
(Anat.), the veins in vertebrate embryos, which
run each side of the vertebral column and returm the blood to the
heart. They remain through life in some fishes. --
Cardinal virtues, pre\'89minent virtues; among the
ancients, prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude. --
Cardinal winds, winds which blow from the cardinal
points due north, south, east, or west.
Car"di*nal, n. [F. carinal,
It. cardinale, LL. cardimalis (ecclesi\'91
Roman\'91). See Cardinal, a.] 1.
(R.C.Ch.) One of the ecclesiastical prince who
constitute the pope's council, or the sacred college.
The clerics of the supreme Chair are called
Cardinals, as undoubtedly adhering more nearly to the
hinge by which all things are moved.
Pope Leo IX.
cardinals are appointed by the pope.
Since the time of Sixtus V., their number can never exceed
seventy (six of episcopal rank, fifty priests, fourteen deacons),
and the number of cardinal priests and deacons is seldom full.
When the papel chair is vacant a pope is elected by the college
of cardinals from among themselves. The cardinals take procedence
of all dignitaries except the pope. The principal parts of a
cardinal's costume are a red cassock, a rochet, a short purple
mantle, and a red hat with a small crown and broad, brim, with
cards and tessels of a special pattern hanging from it.
2. A woman's short cloak with a hood.
Where's your cardinal! Make haste.
Lloyd.
3. Mulled red wine.
Hotten.
<-- p. 218 -->
Cardinal bird, Cardinal
grosbeak (Zo\'94l.), an American song
bird (Cardinalis cardinalis, or C.
Virginianus), of the family Fringillid\'91, or
finches having a bright red plumage, and a high, pointed crest on
its head. The males have loud and musical notes resembling those
of a fife. Other related species are also called cardinal
birds. -- Cardinal flower (Bot.),
an herbaceous plant (Lobelia cardinalis) bearing
brilliant red flowers of much beauty. -- Cardinal
red, color like that of a cardinal's cassock, hat,
etc.; a bright red, darket than scarlet, and between scarlet and
crimson.
Car"di*nal*ate (?), n. [Cf. F.
cardinalat, LL. cardinalatus.]
The office, rank, or dignity of a cardinal.
Car"di*nal*ize (?), v. t. To
exalt to the office of a cardinal.
Sheldon.
Car"di*nal*ship, n. The condition,
dignity, of office of a cardinal
Card"ing (?), a. 1.
The act or process of preparing staple for spinning, etc.,
bycarding it. See the Note under Card, v.
t.
2. A roll of wool or other fiber as it comes from
the carding machine.
Carding engine, Carding
machine, a machine for carding cotton, wool, or
other fiber, by subjecting it to the action of cylinders, or drum
covered with wire-toothed cards, revoling nearly in contact with
each other, at different rates of speed, or in opposite
directions, The staple issues in soft sheets, or in slender rolls
called sivers.
Car"di*o*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Med.) An
instrument which, when placed in contact with the chest, will
register graphically the comparative duration and intensity of
the heart's movements.
Car`di*o*graph"ic (?), a.
(Physiol.) Of or pertaining to, or produced by, a
cardiograph.
Car"di*oid (?), n. [Gr. ( (Math.)
An algebraic curve, so called from its resemblance to a
heart.
Car`di*o*in*hib"i*to*ry (?), a.
(Physiol.) Checking or arresting the heart's
action.
Car`di*ol"*gy (?), n. [Gr. -ology.] The science which treats of
the heart and its functions.
Car`di*om"e*try (?), n. [Gr.
-metry.] (Med.)
Measurement of the heart, as by percussion or
auscultation.
Car`di*o*sphyg"mo*graph (?), n.
A combination of cardiograph and shygmograph.
\'d8Car*di"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. -itis: cf. F.
cardile.] (Med) Inflammation of
the fleshy or muscular substance of the heart. See
Endocardris and Pericarditis.
Dunglison.
\'d8Car"do (?), n.; pl.
Cardies (#).) [L., a hinge.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The basal joint of the
maxilla in insects. (b) The hinge of a
bivalve shell.
Car"dol (?), n. [NL.
Anacardium generic name of the cashew + L. oleum
oil.] (Chem.) A yellow oil liquid,
extracted from the shell of the cashew nut.
Car*doon" (?), n. [F.
cardon. The same word as F. cardon thistle,
fr. L. carduus, cardus, LL.
cardo. See 3d Card.] (Bot.)
A large herbaceos plant (Cynara Cardunculus)
related to the artichoke; -- used in cookery and as a sald.
Care (?), n. [AS.
caru, cearu; akin to OS. kara
sorrow Goth. kara lament, and to Gr.
. Not akin to cure. Cf.
Chary.] 1. A burdensome sense of
responsibility; trouble caused by onerous duties; anxiety;
concern; solicitude.
Care keeps his wath in every old man's eye,
And where care lodges, sleep will never lie.
Shak.
2. Charge, oversight, or management, implying
responsibility for safety and prosperity.
The care of all the churches.
2 Car. xi. 28
Him thy care must be to find.
Milton.
Perlexed with a thousand cares.
Shak.
3. Attention or heed; caution; regard; heedfulness;
watchfulness; as, take care; have a
care.
I thank thee for thy care and honest pains.
Shak.
4. The object of watchful attention or
anxiety.
Right sorrowfully mourning her bereaved cares.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Anxiety; solicitude; concern; caution; regard;
management; direction; oversight. -- Care,
Anxiety, Solicitude, Concern. These
words express mental pain in different degress. Care
belongs primarily to the intellect, and becomes painful from
overburdened thought. Anxiety denotes a state of
distressing uneasiness fron the dread of evil.
Solicitude expresses the same feeling in a diminished
dagree. Concern is opposed to indifference,
and implies exercise of anxious thought more or less intense. We
are careful about the means, solicitous and
anxious about the end; we are solicitous to
obtain a good, axious to avoid an evil.
Care, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Cared (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caring.] [AS. cearian. See
Care, n.] To be anxious or
solictous; to be concerned; to have regard or interest; --
sometimes followed by an objective of measure.
I would not care a pin, if the other three were
in.
Shak.
Master, carest thou not that we perish?
Mark. iv. 38.
To care for. (a) To have under
watchful attention; to take care of. (b) To
have regard or affection for; to like or love.
He cared not for the affection of the house.
Tennyson.
Ca*reen" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Careened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Careening.] [OF. cariner, F.
car\'82ner, fr. OF. car\'8ane, the bottom
of a ship, keel, fr. L. carina.]
(Naut.) To cause (a vessel) to lean over so that
she floats on one side, leaving the other side out of water and
accessible for repairs below the water line; to case to be off
the keel.
Ca*reen" (, v. i. To
incline to one side, or lie over, as a ship when sailing on a
wind; to be off the keel.
Ca*reen"age (?), n. [Cf. F.
car\'82nage.] (Naut.) (a)
Expense of careening ships. (b) A place
for careening.
Ca*reer" (?), n. [F.
carri\'8are race course, high road, street, fr. L.
carrus wagon. See Car.] 1.
A race course: the ground run over.
To go back again the same career.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. A running; full speed; a rapid course.
When a horse is running in his full career.
Wilkins.
3. General course of action or conduct in life, or
in a particular part or calling in life, or in some special
undertaking; usually applied to course or conduct which is of a
pubic character; as, Washington's career as a
soldier.
An impartial view of his whole career.
Macaulay.
4. (Falconary) The fight of a
hawk.
Ca*reer", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Careered 3; p. pr. & vb. n.
Careering] To move or run
rapidly.
areering gayly over the curling waves.
W. Irving.
Care"ful (?), a. [AS.
cearful.] 1. Full of care;
anxious; solicitous [Archaic]
Be careful [Rev. Ver. \'bdanxious\'b8] for
nothing.
Phil. iv. 6.
The careful plowman doubting stands.
Milton.
2. Filling with care or colicitube; exposing to
concern, anxiety, or trouble; painful.
The careful cold beinneth for to creep.
Spenser.
By Him that raised me to this careful height.
Shak.
3. Taking care; gicing good heed; watchful;
cautious; provident; not indifferent heedless, or reckless; --
often follower byof, for, or the
infinitive; as, careful of money; careful
to do right.
Thou hast been careful for us with all this care.
2. Kings iv, 13.
What could a careful father more have done?
Dryden.
Syn. -- Anxious; solicitous; provident; thoughtful;
cautious; circumspect; heedful; watchful; vigilant.
Care"ful*ly, adv. In a careful
manner.
Care"ful*ness, n. Quality or state of
being careful.
Care"less (?), a. [AS.
cearle\'a0s.] 1. Free from care or
anxiety. hence, cheerful; light-hearted.
Spenser.
Sleep she as sound as careless infancy.
Shak.
2. Having no care; not taking ordinary or proper
care; negligent; unconcerned; heedless; inattentive; unmindful;
regardless.
My brother was too careless of his charge.
Shak.
He grew careless of himself.
Steele.
3. Without thought or purpose; without due care;
without attention to rule or system; unstudied; inconsiderate;
spontaneouse; rash; as, a careless throw; a
careless expression.
He framed the careless rhyme.
Beatie.
4. Not receiving care; uncared for.
[R.]
Their many wounds and careless hatms.
Spemser.
Syn. -- Negligent; heedless; thoughtless; unthinking;
inattentive; incautious; remiss; forgetful; regardless;
inconsiderate; listless.
Care"less*ly, adv. In a careless
manner.
Care"less*ness, n. The quality or state
of being careless; heedlessness; negligenece; inattention.
Ca*rene" (?), n. [LL.
carena, corrupted fr. quarentena. See
Quarantine.] (Ecol.) A fast of
forty days on bread and water. [Obs.]
Ca*ress" (?), n. [F.
caresse, It. carezza, LL.
caritia dearness, fr. L. carus dear. See
Charity.] An act of endearment; any act or
expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with
tenderness.
Wooed her with his soft caresses.
Langfellow.
He exerted himself to win by indulgence and
caresses the hearts of all who were under his
command.
Macaulay.
Ca*ress", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Caressed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Caressing.] [F.
caresser, fr. It. carezzare, fr.
carezza caress. See Caress.,
n.] To treat with tokens of fondness,
affection, or kindness; to touch or speak to in a loving or
endearing manner; to fondle.
The lady caresses the rough bloodhoun.
Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- To foundle; embrace; pet; coddle; court;
flatter. -- Caress, Fondle.
\'bdWe caress by words or actions; we
fondle by actions only.\'b8
Crabb.
Ca*ress"ing*ly, ad. In caressing
manner.
Ca"ret (?), n. [L.
caret there is wanting, fr. carere to
want.] A mark [^] used by writers and proof readers to
indicate that something is interlined above, or inserted in the
margin, which belongs in the place marked by the caret.
\'d8Ca`ret" (?), n. [F., a
species of tortoise.] (Zo\'94l.) The
hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill.
Care"*tuned (?), a. Weary;
mournful.
Shak.
Care"worn` (?), a. Worn or
burdened with care; as, careworn look or
face.
\'d8Ca"rex (?), n. [L.,
sedge.] (Bot.) A numerous and widely
distributed genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the order
Cypreace\'91; the sedges.
Carf (?), pret. of
Carve. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Car"ga*son (?), n. [F.
cargaison, Sp. cargazon, LL.
cargare to load. See rgo.] A
cargo. [Obs.]
Car"go (?), n.; pl.
Cargoes (#). [Sp.
cargo, carga, burden, load, from
cargar to load, from cargar to load,
charge, See Charge.] The lading or freight of
a ship or other vessel; the goods, merchandise, or whatever is
conveyed in a vessel or boat; load; freight.
Cargoes of food or clothing.
E. Everett.
cargo, in law, is usually
applied to goods only, and not to live animals or persons.
Burill.
Car"goose` (?), n. [Perh. fr.
Gael. & Ir. cir, cior (pronounced kir,
kior), crest, comb + E. goose. Cf.
Crebe.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of
grebe (Podiceps crisratus); the crested grebe.
\'d8\'80a"ri*a"ma (?), n.
[Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large,
long-legged South American bird (Dicholophus
cristatus) which preys upon snakes, etc. See
Seriema.
Car"ib (?), n.; pl.
Caries. [See Cannibal.]
(Ethol.) A native of the Caribbee islands or the
coaste of the Caribbean sea; esp., one of a tribe of Indians
inhabiting a region of South America, north of the Amazon, and
formerly most of the West India islands.
{ Car`ib*be"an (?), Car`ib*bee
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to the
Caribs, to their islands (the eastern and southern West Indies),
or to the sea (called the Caribbean sa) lying between those
islands and Central America.
Car"ib*bee, n. A Carib.
\'d8Ca*ri"be (?), n. [Sp. a
cannibal.] (Zo\'94l). A south American
fresh water fish of the genus Serrasalmo of many
species, remakable for its voracity. When numerous they attack
man or beast, often with fatal results.
Car"i*bou (?), n. [Canadian
French.] (Zo\'94l.) The American reindeer,
especially the common or woodland species (Rangifer
Caribou).
Barren Ground caribou. See under
Barren. -- Woodland caribou, the
common reindeer (Rangifer Caribou) of the northern
forests of America.
Car"i*ca*ture (?), n. [It.
caricatura, fr. caricare to charge,
overload, exaggerate. See Charge, v.
t.] 1. An exaggeration, or distortion
by exaggeration, of parts or characteristics, as in a
picture.
2. A picture or other figure or description in
which the peculiarities of a person or thing are so exaggerated
as to appear ridiculous; a burlesque; a parody.
[Formerly written caricatura.]
The truest likeness of the prince of French literature will be
the one that has most of the look of a caricature.
I. Taylor.
A grotesque caricature of virtue.
Macaulay.
Car"i*ca*ture, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Caricatured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Caricaturing.] To make or draw
a caricature of; to represent with ridiculous exaggeration; to
burlesque.
He could draw an ill face, or caricature a good
one, with a masterly hand.
Lord Lyttelton.
Car"i*ca*tu`rist (?), n. One
who caricatures.
Car"i*cous (?), a. [L.
carica a kind of dry fig.] Of the shape of
a fig; as, a caricous tumor.
Graig.
\'d8Ca"ri*es (?), n.[L.,
decay.] (Med.) Ulceration of bone; a
process in which bone disintegrates and is carried away
piecemeal, as distinguished from necrosis, in which it
dies in masses.
Car"il*lon (?), n. [F.
carillon a chime of bells, originally consisting of
four bells, as if fr.. (assumed) L. quadrilio, fr.
quatuer four.]
1. (Mus.) A chime of bells diatonically
tuned, played by clockwork or by finger keys.
2. A tune adapted to be played by musical
bells.
\'d8Ca*ri"na (?), n. [L.,
keel.] 1. (Bot.) A keel.
(a) That part of a papilionaceous flower,
consisting of two petals, commonly united, which incloses the
organs of fructification. (b) A longitudinal
ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The keel of the breastbone
of birds.
Car`i*na"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. carina keel.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of oceanic heteropod Mollusca, having a thin, glassy,
bonnet-shaped shell, which covers only the nucleus and
gills.
\'d8Car`i*na"t\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., Fem. pl. fr. L. carinatus. See
Carinate.] A grand division of birds,
including all existing flying birds; -- So called from the
carina or keel on the breastbone.
{ Car"i*nate (?), Car"i*na`ted
(?) } a. [L. carinatus,
fr. carina keel.] Shaped like the keel or
prow of a ship; having a carina or keel; as, a
carinate calyx or leaf; a carinate sternum (of
a bird).
Car"i*ole (?), n. [F.
carriole, dim. fr. L. carrus. See
Car, and Carryall.] (a) A
small, light, open one-horse carriage. (b) A
covered cart. (c) A kind of calash. See
Carryall.
Car"i*op"sis (?), n. See
Caryopsis.
Ca`ri*os"i*ty (?), n.
(Med.) Caries.
Ca"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
cariosus, fr. caries dacay.]
Affected with caries; decaying; as, a carious
tooth.
Cark (?), n. [OE.
cark, fr. a dialectic form of F. charge;
cf. W. carc anxiety, care, Arm karg charge,
burden. See Charge, and cf. Cargo.]
A noxious or corroding care; solicitude; worry.
[Archaic.]
His heavy head, devoid of careful cark.
Spenser.
Fling cark and care aside.
Motherwell.
Ereedom from the cares of money and the cark of
fashion.
R. D. Blackmore.
<-- p. 219 -->
Cark (?), v. i. To be careful,
anxious, solicitous, or troubles in mind; to worry or
grieve. [R.]
Beau. & fl.
Cark, v. t. To vex; to worry; to make by
anxious care or worry. [R.]
Nor can a man, independently . . . of God's blessing, care and
cark himself one penny richer.
South.
Car"ka*net (?), n. A
carcanet.
Southey.
Cark"ing (?), a. Distressing;
worrying; perplexing; corroding; as, carking
cares.
Carl (?), n. [Icel,
karl a male, a man; akin to AS. ceorl, OHG.
charal, G. kerl fellow. See Churl.]
[Written also carle.] 1.
A rude, rustic man; a churl.
The miller was a stout carl.
Chaucer.
2. Large stalks of hemp which bear the seed; --
called also carl hemp.
3. pl. A kind of food. See citation,
below.
Caring or carl are gray steeped in water and fried
the next day in butter or fat. They are eaten on the second
Sunday before Easter, formerly called Carl Sunday.
Robinson's Whitby Glossary (1875).
Car"lin (?), n. [Dim., fr.
carl male.] An old woman.
[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
{ Car"line (?), Car"o*line
(?) }, n. [F. carin;
cf. It. carlino; -- so called from Carlo
(Charles) VI. of Naples.] A silver coin once current
in some parts of Italy, worth about seven cents.
Simmonds.
{ Car"line (?), Car"ling
(?) } n. [Cf. F.
carlingur, Sp. Pg., & It. carlinga.]
(Naut.) A short timber running lengthwise of a
ship, from one transverse desk beam to another; also, one of the
cross timbers that strengthen a hath; -- usually in
pl.
Car"line this`tle (?). [F.
carline, It., Sp., & Pg., carline, Said to
be so called from the Emperor Charlemagne, whose army is reputed
to have used it as a remedy for pestilence.]
(Bot.) A prickly plant of the genus
Carlina (C. vulgaris), found in Europe and
Asia.
Car"lings (?), n. pl. Same as
Carl, 3.
Carling Sunday, a Sunday in Lent when carls
are eaten. In some parts of England, Passion Sunday. See
Carl, 4.
Car"list (?), n. A parisan of
Charles X. Of France, or of Dod Carlos of
Spain.
Car"lock (?), n. [F.
carlock, fr. Russ. Karl\'a3k'.]
A sort of Russian isinglass, made from the air bladder of
the sturgeon, and used in clarifying wine.
Car"lot (?), n. [From
Carl.] A churl; a boor; a peasant or
countryman. [Obs.]
Shak.
Car`lo*vin"gi*an (?), a. [F.
Carlovingen.] Pertaining to, founded by, of
descended from, Charlemagne; as, the Carlovingian
race of kings.
\'d8Car`ma`gnole" (?), n.
[F.] 1. A popular or Red Rebublican song
and dance, of the time of the first French Revolution.
They danced and yelled the carmagnole.
Compton Reade.
2. A bombastic report from the French armies.
Car"man (?), n.; pl.
Carmen ( A man whose employment
is to drive, or to convey goods in, a car or car.
{ Car"mel*ite (?), Car"mel*in
} a. Of or pertaining to the order of
Carmelites.
Car"mel*ite (?), n. 1.
(Eccl. Hist.) A friar of a mendicant order (the
Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel) established on Mount Carmel,
in Syria, in the twelfth century; a White Friar.
2. A nun of the Order of Our lady of Mount
Carmel.
Car"mi*na`ted (?), a. Of,
relating to, or mixed with, carmine; as, carminated
lake.
Tomlinson.
Car*min"ative (?), a. [NL.
carminativus (carminare to card
hence to cleanse, fr. carmen a card for freeing wool
or flax from the coarser parts, and from extraneous matter: cf.
F. carminatif.] Expelling wind from the
body; warning; antispasmodic. \'bdCarmenative
hot seeds.\'b8
Dunglison.
Car*min"a*tive, n. A substance, esp. an
aromatic, which tends to expel wind from the alimentary canal, or
to relieve colic, griping, or flatulence.
Car"mine (?), n. [F.
carmin (cf. Sp. carmin, It.
carminio), contr. from LL. carmesinus
purple color. See Crimson.] 1. A
rich red or crimson color with a shade of purple.
2. A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color,
prepared from cochineal, and used in miniature painting.
3. (Chem.) The essential coloring
principle of cochineal, extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass.
It is a glucoside and possesses acid properties; -- hence called
also carminic acid.
Carmine red (Chem.), a coloring
matter obtained from carmine as a purple-red substance, and
probably allied to the phthale\'8bns.
Car*min"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to, or derived from, carmine.
Carminic acid. Same as Carmine,
3.
Car"mot (?), n. (Alchemy)
The matter of which the philosopher's stone was believed to
be composed.
Car"nage (?), n. [F.
carnage, LL. carnaticum tribute of animals,
flesh of animals, fr. L. caro, carnis,
flesh. See Carnal.] 1. Flesh of
slain animals or men.
A miltitude of dogs came to feast on the
carnage.
Macaulay.
2. Great destruction of life, as in battle;
bloodshed; slaughter; massacre; murder; havoc.
The more fearful carnage of the Bloody Circuit.
Macaulay.
Car"nal (?), a. [L.
carnalis, fr. caro, carnis,
flesh; akin to Gr. kravya; cf. F.
charnel, Of. also carnel. Cf.
Charnel.] 1. Of or pertaining to the
body or is appetites; animal; fleshly; sensual; given to sensual
indulgence; lustful; human or worldly as opposed to
spiritual.
For ye are yet carnal.
1 Car. iii. 3.
Not sunk in carnal pleasure.
Milton
rnal desires after miracles.
Trench.
2. Flesh-devouring; cruel; ravenous; bloody.
[Obs.]
This carnal cur
Preys on the issue of his mother's body.
Shak.
Carnal knowledge, sexual intercourse; -- used
especially of an unlawful act on the part of the man.
Car"nal*ism (?), n. The state
of being carnal; carnality; sensualism. [R.]
Car"nal*ist (?), n. A
sensualist.
Burton.
Car*nal"i*ty (?), n. [L.
carnalitas.] The state of being carnal;
fleshly lust, or the indulgence of lust; grossness of mind.
Because of the carnality of their hearts.
Tillotson.
Car"nal*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Carnalized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Carnalizing.] To make carnal; to debase
to carnality.
A sensual and carnalized spirit.
John Scott.
Car"nal*lite (?), n. [G.
carnallit, fr. Von Carnall, a
Prussian.] (Min.) A hydrous chloride of
potassium and magnesium, sometimes found associated with deposits
of rock salt.
Car"nal*ly (?), adv. According
to the flesh, to the world, or to human nature; in a manner to
gratify animal appetites and lusts; sensually.
For to be carnally minded is death; but to be
spiritually minded is life and peace.
Rom. viii. 6.
Car"nal-mind`ed (?), a.
Worldly-minded.
Car"nal-mind"ed*ness, n. Grossness of
mind.
Car"na*ry (?), n. [L.
carnarium, fr. caro, carnis,
flesh.] A vault or crypt in connection with a church,
used as a repository for human bones disintered from their
original burial places; a charnel house.
Car*nas"si*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
carnassier carnivorous, and L. caro,
carnis, flesh.] (Anat.) Adapted
to eating flesh. -- n. A carnassial
tooth; especially, the last premolar in many
carnivores.
Car"nate (?), a. [L.
carnatus fleshy.] Invested with, or
embodied in, flesh.
Car*na"tion (?), n. [F.
carnation the flesh tints in a painting, It
carnagione, fr. L. carnatio fleshiness, fr.
caro, carnis, flesh. See
Carnal.] 1. The natural color of
flesh; rosy pink.
Her complexion of the delicate carnation.
Ld. Lytton.
2. pl. (Paint.) Those parts
of a picture in which the human body or any part of it is
represented in full color; the flesh tints.
The flesh tints in painting are termed
carnations.
Fairholt.
3. (Bot.) A species of
Dianthus (D. Caryophyllus) or pink, having
very beautiful flowers of various colors, esp. white and usually
a rich, spicy scent.
Car*na"tioned (?), a. Having a
flesh color.
\'d8Car*nau"ba (?), n.
(Bot.) The Brazilian wax palm. See Wax
palm.
Car*nel"ian (?), n. [For
carnelian; influenced by L. carneus fleshy,
of flesh, because of its flesh red color. See
Cornellan.] (Min.) A variety of
chalcedony, of a clear, deep red, flesh red, or reddish white
color. It is moderately hard, capable of a good polish, and often
used for seals.
Car"ne*ous (?), a. [L.
carneus, from caro, carnis,
flesh.] Consisting of, or like, flesh; carnous;
fleshy. \'bdCarneous fibers.\'b8
Ray.
Car"ney (?), n. [Cf. L.
carneus flesh.] (Far.) A disease
of horses, on which the mouth is so furred that the afflicted
animal can not eat.
\'d8Car"ni*fex (?), n. [L., fr.
caro, carnis, flesh + facere to
make.] (Antiq.) The public executioner at
Rome, who executed persons of the lowest rank; hence, an
executioner or hangman.
Car`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. carnification.] The act or process of
turning to flesh, or to a substance resembling flesh.
Car"ni*fy (?), v. i. [LL.
carnificare, fr. L.o, carnis,
flesh + facere to make: cf. F.
carnifier.] To form flesh; to become like
flesh.
Sir M. Hale.
Car"nin (?), n. [L.
caro, canis , flesh.]
(Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous
substance, found in extract of meat, and related to
xanthin.
Car"ni*val (?), n. [It.
carnevale, prob. for older carnelevale,
prop., the putting away of meat; fr. L. caro,
carnis, flesh _ levare to take away, lift
up, fr. levis light.] 1. A
festival celebrated with merriment and revelry in Roman Gatholic
countries during the week before Lent, esp. at Rome and Naples,
during a few days (three to ten) before Lent, ending with Shrove
Tuesday.
The carnival at Venice is everywhere talked of.
Addison.
2. Any merrymaking, feasting, or masquerading,
especially when overstepping the bounds of decorum; a time of
riotous excess.
Tennyson.
He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall
Hold o'er the dead their carnival
Byron.
\'d8Car*niv"o*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., neut. pl. from L. carnivorus. See
Carnivorous.] (Zo\'94l.) An order
of Mammallia including the lion, tiger, wolf bear, seal, etc.
They are adapted by their structure to feed upon flesh, though
some of them, as the bears, also eat vegetable food. The teeth
are large and sharp, suitable for cutting flesh, and the jaws
powerful.
Car*niv`o*rac"i*ty (?), n.
Greediness of appetite for flesh.
[Sportive.]
Pope.
Car`ni*vore (?), n. [Cf. F.
carnivore.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Carnivora.
Car*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L.
carnivorus; caro, carnis, flesh
+ varare to devour.] Eating or feeding on
flesh. The term is applied: (a) to animals which
naturally seek flesh for food, as the tiger, dog, etc.;
(b) to plants which are supposed to absorb animal food;
(c) to substances which destroy animal tissue, as
caustics.
{ Car*nose (?), Car"*nous
} (?), a. [L. carnosus,
fr. caro, carnis, flesh: cf. OF.
carneux, F. charneux.] 1.
Of a pertaining to flesh; fleshy.
A distinct carnose muscle.
Ray.
2. (Bot.) Of a fleshy consistence; --
applied to succulent leaves, stems, etc.
Car*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
carnosit\'82.]
1. (Med.) A fleshy excrescence; esp. a
small excrescence or fungous growth.
Wiseman.
2. Fleshy substance or quality; fleshy
covering.
[Consciences] overgrown with so hard a
carnosity.
Spelman.
The olives, indeed be very small there, and bigger than
capers; yet commended they are for their
carnosity.
Holland.
Car"ob (?), n. [Cf. F.
caroube fruit of the carob tree, Sp.
garrobo, al-garrobo, carob tree, fr. Ar.
kharr\'d4b, Per. Kharn\'d4b. Cf.
Clgaroba.] 1. (Bot.) An
evergreen leguminous tree (Ceratania Siliqua) found in
the countries bordering the Mediterranean; the St. John's bread;
-- called also carob tree.
2. One of the long, sweet, succulent, pods of the
carob tree, which are used as food for animals and sometimes
eaten by man; -- called also St. John's bread,
carob bean, and algaroba
bean.
Ca*roche" (?), n. [OF.
carrache, F. carrose from It.
carrocio, carrozza, fr. carro,
L. carus. See Car.] A kind of
pleasure carriage; a coach. [Obs.]
To mount two-wheeled caroches.
Butler.
Ca*roched" (?), a. Placed in a
caroche. [Obs.]
Beggary rides caroched.
Massenger.
Car"oigne (?), n. [See
Carrion.] Dead body; carrion.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Car"ol (?), n. [OF.
carole a kind of dance wherein many dance together,
fr. caroler to dance; perh. from Celtic; cf. Armor.
koroll, n., korolla, korolli,
v., Ir. car music, turn, circular motion, also L.
choraula a flute player, charus a dance,
chorus, choir.] 1. A round dance.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A song of joy, exultation, or mirth; a
lay.
The costly feast, the carol, and the dance.
Dryden
It was the carol of a bird.
Byron.
3. A song of praise of devotion; as, a
Christmas or Easter carol.
Heard a carol, mournful, holy.
Tennyson.
In the darkness sing your carol of high praise.
Keble.
4. Joyful music, as of a song.
I heard the bells on Christmans Day
Their old, familiar carol play.
Longfellow.
Car"ol (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Caroled
(?), or Carolled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Caroling, or Carolling.]
1. To praise or celebrate in song.
The Shepherds at their festivals
Carol her goodness.
Milton.
2. To sing, especially with joyful notes.
Hovering awans . . . carol sounds harmonious.
Prior.
Car"ol, v. i. To sing; esp. to sing
joyfully; to warble.
And carol of love's high praise.
Spenser.
The gray linnets carol from the hill.
Beattie.
{ Car"ol, Car"rol }, n.
[OF. carole a sort of circular space, or
carol.] (Arch.) A small closet or inclosure
built against a window on the inner side, to sit in for study.
The word was used as late as the 16th century.
A bay window may thus be called a carol.
Parker.
Car"o*lin (?), n. [L.
Carolus Charles.] A former gold coin of
Germany worth nearly five dollars; also, a gold coin of Sweden
worth nearly five dollars.
Car`o*li"na pink` (?). (Bot.)
See Pinkboot.
Car"o*line (?), n. A coin. See
Carline.
Car"ol*ing (?), n. A song of
joy or devotion; a singing, as of carols.
Coleridge.
Such heavenly notes and carolings.
Spenser.
Car`o*lin"i*an (?), n. A native
or inhabitant of north or South Carolina.
Car`o*lit"ic (?), a.
(Arch.) Adorned with sculptured leaves and
branches.
Car"o*lus (?), n.; pl. E.
Caroluses (#), L. Caroli
(#). [L., Charles.] An English
gold coin of the value of twenty or twenty-three shillings. It
was first struck in the reign of Charles I.
Told down the crowns and Caroluses.
Macawlay.
Car"om (?), n. [Prob. corrupted
fr. F. carumboler to carom, carambolage a
carom, carambole the red ball in billiards.]
(Billiards) A shot in which the ball struck with
the cue comes in contact with two or more balls on the table; a
hitting of two or more balls with the player's ball. In England
it is called cannon.
Car"om, v. i. (Billiards) To
make a carom.
Car"o*mel (?), n. See
Caramel.
Car`o*teel" (?), n.
(Com.) A tierce or cask for dried fruits, etc.,
usually about 700 lbs.
Simmonds.
Ca*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr. Carotid.] 1. Of or
pertaining to stupor; as, a carotic
state.
2. (Anat.) Carotid; as, the
carotic arteries.
Ca*rot"id (?), n. [Gr. carotide. The early
Greeks believed that these arteries in some way caused
drowsiness.] (Anat.) One of the two main
arteries of the neck, by which blood is conveyed from the aorta
to the head. [See Illust. of
Aorta.]
{ Ca*rot"id (?), Ca*rot"id*al
(?), } a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or near, the carotids or one of them; as,
the carotid gland.
Ca*ro"tin (?), n. (Chem.)
A red crystallizable tasteless substance, extracted from the
carrot.
Ca*rous"al (?), n. [See
Carouse, but also cf. F. carrousel
tilt.] A jovial feast or festival; a drunken revel; a
carouse.
The swains were preparing for a carousal.
Sterne.
Syn. -- Banquet; revel; orgie; carouse. See
Feast.
<-- p. 220 -->
Ca*rouse" (?), n. [F.
carrousse, earlier carous, fr. G.
garaus finishing stroke, the emptying of the cup in
drinking a health; gar entirely + aus out.
See Yare, and Out.] 1. A
large draught of liguor. [Obs.] \'bdA full
carouse of sack.\'b8 Sir J. Davies.
Drink carouses to the next day's fate.
Shak.
2. A drinking match; a carousal.
The early feast and late carouse.
Pope.
Ca*rouse" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Caroused
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Carousing.] To drink deeply or freely
in compliment; to take in a carousal; to engage in drunken
revels.
He had been aboard, carousing to his mates.
Shak.
Ca*rouse" v. t. To drink up; to drain;
to drink freely or jovially. [Archaic]
Guests carouse the sparkling tears of the rich
grape.
Denham.
Egypt's wanton queen,
Carousing gems, herself dissolved in love.
Young.
Ca*rous"er (?), n. One who
carouses; a reveler.
Ca*rous"ing, a. That carouses; relating
to a carouse.
Ca*rous"ing*ly, adv. In the manner of a
carouser.
Carp (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Carped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Carping.]
[OE. carpen to say, speak; from Scand. (cf. Icel.
karpa to boast), but influenced later by L.
carpere to pluck, calumniate.] 1.
To talk; to speak; to prattle. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To find fault; to cavil; to censure words or
actions without reason or ill-naturedly; -- usually followed by
at.
Carping and caviling at faults of manner.
Blackw. Mag.
And at my actions carp or catch.
Herbert.
Carp, v. t. 1. To say; to
tell. [Obs.]
2. To find fault with; to censure.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
Carp, n.; pl. Carp, formerly
Carps. [Cf. Icel. karfi, Dan.
karpe, Sw. karp, OHG. charpho,
G. karpfen, F. carpe, LL.
carpa.] (Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water
herbivorous fish (Cyprinus carpio.). Several other
species of Cyprinus, Catla, and
Carassius are called carp. See Cruclan
carp.
carp was originally from Asia, whence
it was early introduced into Europe, where it is extensively
reared in artificial ponds. Within a few years it has been
introduced into America, and widely distributed by the
government. Domestication has produced several varieties, as the
leather carp, which is nearly or quite destitute of
scales, and the mirror carp, which has only a few
large scales. Intermediate varieties occur.
Carp louse (Zo\'94l.), a small
crustacean, of the genus Argulus, parasitic on carp
and allied fishes. See Branchiura. -- Carp
mullet (Zo\'94l.), a fish (Moxostoma
carpio) of the Ohio River and Great Lakes, allied to the
suckers. -- Carp sucker (Zo\'94l.),
a name given to several species of fresh-water fishes of the
genus Carpiodes in the United States; -- called also
quillback.
Car"pal (?), a. [From
Carpus.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining
to the carpus, or wrist. -- n. One
of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; a carpale.
Carpal angle (Zo\'94l.), the angle
at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird.
\'d8Car*pa"le (?), n.; pl.
Carpalia (#). [NL., fr. E.
carpus.] (Anat.) One of the
bones or cartilages of the carpus; esp. one of the series
articulating with the metacarpals.
Car*pa"thi*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a range of mountains in Austro-Hungary, called the
Carpathians, which partially inclose Hungary on the north, east,
and south.
{ Car"pel (?), \'d8Car*pel"lum
(?), } n. [NL.
carpellum, fr. Gr. (Bot.)
A simple pistil or single-celled ovary or seed vessel, or
one of the parts of a compound pistil, ovary, or seed vessel. See
Illust of Carpaphore.
Car"pel*la"ry (?), a.
(Bot.) Belonging to, forming, or containing
carpels.
Car"pen*ter (?), n. [OF.
carpentier, F. charpentier, LL.
carpentarius, fr. L. carpentum wagon,
carriage.] An artificer who works in timber; a framer
and builder of houses, ships, etc.
Syn. -- Carpenter, Joiner.
The carpenter frames and puts together roofs,
partitions, floors, and other structural parts of a building. The
joiner Supplies stairs, doors shutters, mantelpieces,
cupboards, and other parts necessary to finishing the building.
In America the two trades are commonly united.
Carpenter ant (Zo\'94l.), any
species of ant which gnaws galleries in the wood of trees and
constructs its nests therein. They usually select dead or
somewhat decayed wood. The common large American species is
Formica Pennsylvanica. -- Carpenter
bee (Zo\'94l.), a large hymenopterous insect
of the genus Xylocopa; -- so called because it
constructs its nest by gnawing long galleries in sound timber.
The common American species is Xylocopa
Virginica.
Car"pen*ter*ing, n. The occupation or
work of a carpenter; the act of workingin timber;
carpentry.
Car"pen*try (?), n. [F.
charpenterie, OF. also carpenterie. See
Carpenter.]
1. The art of cutting, framing, and joining timber,
as in the construction of buildings.
2. An assemblage of pieces of timber connected by
being framed together, as the pieces of a roof, floor, etc.; work
done by a carpenter.
Carp"er (?), n. One who carps;
a caviler.
Shak.
Car"pet (?), n. [OF.
carpite rug, soft of cloth, F. carpette
coarse packing cloth, rug (cf. It. carpita rug,
blanket), LL. carpeta, carpita, woolly
cloths, fr. L. carpere to pluck, to card (wool); cf.
Gr. Harvest.] 1. A
heavy woven or felted fabric, usually of wool, but also of
cotton, hemp, straw, etc.; esp. a floor covering made in breadths
to be sewed together and nailed to the floor, as distinguished
from a rug or mat; originally, also, a wrought cover for
tables.
Tables and beds covered with copes instead of
carpets and coverlets.
T. Fuller.
2. A smooth soft covering resembling or suggesting
a carpet. \'bdThe grassy carpet of this
plain.\'b8
Shak.
Carpet beetle or Carpet
bug (Zo\'94l.), a small beetle
(Anthrenus scrophulari\'91), which, in the larval
state, does great damage to carpets and other woolen goods; --
also called buffalo bug. -- Carpet
knight. (a) A knight who enjoys ease and
security, or luxury, and has not known the hardships of the
field; a hero of the drawing room; an effeminate person.
Shak. (b) One made a knight, for some other
than military distinction or service. -- Carpet
moth (Zo\'94l.), the larva of an insect
which feeds on carpets and other woolen goods. There are several
kinds. Some are the larv\'91 of species of Tinea (as
T. tapetzella); others of beetles, esp.
Anthrenus. -- Carpet snake
(Zo\'94l.), an Australian snake. See Diamond
snake, under Diamond. -- Carpet
sweeper, an apparatus or device for sweeping
carpets. -- To be on the carpet, to be under
consideration; to be the subject of deliberation; to be in sight;
-- an expression derived from the use of carpets as table
cover. -- Brussels carpet. See under
Brussels.
Car"pet, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Carpeted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Carpeting.] To cover with, or as with,
a carpet; to spread with carpets; to furnish with a carpet or
carpets.
Carpeted temples in fashionable squares.
E. Everett.
Car"pet*bag` (?), n. A portable
bag for travelers; -- so called because originally made of
carpet.
Car"pet*bag"ger (?), n. An
adventurer; -- a term of contempt for a Northern man seeking
private gain or political advancement in the southern part of the
United States after the Civil War (1865)<-- used now for any
politician moving to a new location to take advantage of more
favorable chances for election-->. [U. S.]
Car"pet*ing, n. 1. The act of covering
with carpets.
2. Cloth or materials for carpets; carpets, in
general.
The floor was covered with rich carpeting.
Prescott.
Car"pet*less, a. Without a carpet.
Car"pet*mon`ger (?), n. 1.
One who deals in carpets; a buyer and seller of
carpets.
2. One fond of pleasure; a gallant.
Shak.
Car"pet*way` (?), n.
(Agric.) A border of greensward left round the
margin of a plowed field.
Ray.
Car*phol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F.
carphologie.] (Med.) See
Flaccillation.
Carp"ing (?), a. Fault-finding;
censorious caviling. See Captious.
-- Carp"ing*ly, adv.
\'d8Car`pin*te"ro (?), n. [Sp.,
a carpenter, a woodpecker.] A california woodpecker
(Melanerpes formicivorus), noted for its habit of
inserting acorns in holes which it drills in trees. The acorns
become infested by insect larv\'91, which, when grown, are
extracted for food by the bird.
Car`po*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.) Productive
of fruit, or causing fruit to be developed.
Car"po*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite, cf. F. carpolithe.]
A general term for a fossil fruit, nut, or seed.
Car`po*log"i*cal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to carpology.
Car*pol"o*gist (?), n. One who
describes fruits; one versed in carpology.
Car*pol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] That branch of botany which
relates to the structure of seeds and fruit.
Car*poph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr.
Living on fruits;
fruit-consuming.
Car"po*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A slender
prolongation of the receptacle as an axis between the carpels, as
in Geranium and many umbelliferous plants.
Car"po*phyll (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A leaf converted
into a fruit or a constituent portion of a fruit; a carpel.
[See Illust. of
Gymnospermous.]
Car"po*phyte (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A flowerless
plant which forms a true fruit as the result of fertilization, as
the red seaweeds, the Ascomycetes, etc.
Carpospore\'91, O\'94spore\'91,
Protophyta, and Zygospore\'91) was proposed
by Sachs about 1875.
Car"po*spore (?), n. [Gr. -spore.] (Bot.) A kind of spore
formed in the conceptacles of red alg\'91. --
Car`po*spor"ic (,
a.
\'d8Car"pus (?), n.; pl.
Carpi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The wrist; the bones or
cartilages between the forearm, or antibrachium, and the hand or
forefoot; in man, consisting of eight short bones disposed in two
rows.
Car"rack (?), n. See
Carack.
{ Car"ra*geen` (?), Car"ri*geen`
(?) }, n. A small, purplish,
branching, cartilaginous seaweed (Chondrus crispus),
which, when bleached, is the Irish moss of
commerce. [Also written carragheen,
carageen.]
\'d8Car*ran"cha (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The Brazilian kite
(Polyborus Brasiliensis); -- so called in imitation of
its notes.
Car"ra*way (?), n. See
Caraway.
Car"rel (?), n. See
Quarrel, an arrow.
Car"rel, n. (Arch.) Same as
4th Carol.
Car"ri*a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being carried.
Car"riage (?), n. [OF.
cariage luggage, carriage, chariage
carriage, cart, baggage, F. charriage, cartage,
wagoning, fr. OF. carier, charier, F.
charrier, to cart. See Carry.]
1. That which is carried; burden; baggage.
[Obs.]
David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper
of the carriage.
1. Sam. xvii. 22.
And after those days we took up our carriages and
went up to Jerusalem.
Acts. xxi. 15.
2. The act of carrying, transporting, or
conveying.
Nine days employed in carriage.
Chapman.
3. The price or expense of carrying.
4. That which carries of conveys, as: (a)
A wheeled vehicle for persons, esp. one designed for elegance and
comfort. (b) A wheeled vehicle carrying a fixed burden,
as a gun carriage. (c) A part of a machine
which moves and carries of supports some other moving object or
part. (d) A frame or cage in which something is carried
or supported; as, a bell carriage.
5. The manner of carrying one's self; behavior;
bearing; deportment; personal manners.
His gallant carriage all the rest did grace.
Stirling.
6. The act or manner of conducting measures or
projects; management.
The passage and whole carriage of this action.
Shak.
Carriage horse, a horse kept for drawing a
carriage. -- Carriage porch (Arch.),
a canopy or roofed pavilion covering the driveway at the
entrance to any building. It is intended as a shelter for those
who alight from vehicles at the door; -- sometimes erroneously
called in the United States porte-coch\'8are.
Car"riage*a*ble (?), a.
Passable by carriages; that can be conveyed in
carriages. [R.]
Ruskin.
Car"ri*boo (?), n. See
Caribou.
Car"rick (?), n. (Naut.)
A carack. See Carack.
Carrick bend (Naut.), a kind of
knot, used for bending together hawsers or other ropes. --
Carrick bitts (Naut.), the bitts which
support the windlass.
Totten.
Car"ri*er (?), n. [From
Carry.] 1. One who, or that which,
carries or conveys; a messenger.
The air which is but . . . a carrier of the
sounds.
Bacon.
2. One who is employed, or makes it his business,
to carry goods for others for hire; a porter; a teamster.
The roads are crowded with carriers, laden with
rich manufactures.
Swift.
3. (Mach.) That which drives or carries;
as: (a) A piece which communicates to an object in a
lathe the motion of the face plate; a lathe dog. (b) A
spool holder or bobbin holder in a braiding machine. (c) A
movable piece in magazine guns which transfers the cartridge to a
position from which it can be thrust into the barrel.
Carrier pigeon (Zo\'94l.), a
variety of the domestic pigeon used to convey letters from a
distant point to to its home. -- Carrier shell
(Zo\'94l.), a univalve shell of the genus
Phorus; -- so called because it fastens bits of stones
and broken shells to its own shell, to such an extent as almost
to conceal it. -- Common carrier
(Law.) See under Common,
a.
Car"ri*on (?), n. [OE.
caroyne, OF. caroigne, F.
charogne, LL. caronia, fr. L.
caro flesh Cf. Crone, Crony.]
1. The dead and putrefying body or flesh of an
animal; flesh so corrupted as to be unfit for food.
They did eat the dead carrions.
Spenser.
2. A contemptible or worthless person; -- a term of
reproach. [Obs.] \'bdOld feeble
carrions.\'b8
Shak.
Car"ri*on, a. Of or pertaining to dead
and putrefying carcasses; feeding on carrion.
A prey for carrion kites.
Shak.
Carrion beetle (Zo\'94l.), any
beetle that feeds habitually on dead animals; -- also called
sexton beetle and burying
beetle. There are many kinds, belonging mostly to the
family Silphid\'91. -- Carrion buzzard
(Zo\'94l.), a South American bird of several
species and genera (as Ibycter, Milvago,
and Polyborus), which act as scavengers. See
Caracara. -- Carrion crow, the
common European crow (Corvus corone) which feeds on
carrion, insects, fruits, and seeds.
Car"rol (?), n. (Arch.)
See 4th Carol.
Car"rom (?), n.
(Billiards) See Carom.
Car`ron*ade (?), n. [From
Carron, in Scotland where it was first made.]
(Med.) A kind of short cannon, formerly in use,
designed to throw a large projectile with small velocity, used
for the purpose of breaking or smashing in, rather than piercing,
the object aimed at, as the side of a ship. It has no trunnions,
but is supported on its carriage by a bolt passing through a loop
on its under side.
<-- p. 221 -->
Car"ron oil (?). A lotion of linseed oil
and lime water, used as an application to burns and scalds; --
first used at the Carron iron works in Scotland.
Car"rot (?), n. [F.
carotte, fr. L. carota; cf. Gr.
1. (Bot.) An umbelliferous biennial
plant (Daucus Carota), of many varieties.
2. The esculent root of cultivated varieties of the
plant, usually spindle-shaped, and of a reddish yellow
color.
Car"rot*y, a. Like a carrot in color or
in taste; -- an epithet given to reddish yellow hair, etc.
Car"row (?), n. [Ir & Gael.
carach cunning.] A strolling
gamester. [Ireland]
Spenser.
Car"ry (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Carried
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Carrying.] [OF. carier,
charier, F. carrier, to cart, from OF.
car, char, F. car, car. See
Car.] 1. To convey or transport in
any manner from one place to another; to bear; -- often with
away or off.
When he dieth he small carry nothing away.
Ps. xiix. 17.
Devout men carried Stephen to his burial.
Acts viii, 2.
Another carried the intelligence to Russell.
Macaulay.
The sound will be carried, at the least, twenty
miles.
Bacon.
2. To have or hold as a burden, while moving from
place to place; to have upon or about one's person; to bear;
as, to carry a wound; to carry an unborn
child.
If the ideas . . . were carried along with us in
our minds.
Locke.
3. To move; to convey by force; to impel; to
conduct; to lead or guide.
Go, carry Sir John Falstaff to the Fleet.
Shak.
He carried away all his cattle.
Gen. xxxi. 18.
Passion and revenge will carry them too far.
Locke.
4. To transfer from one place (as a country, book,
or column) to another; as, to carry the war from
Greece into Asia; to carry an account to the ledger; to
carry a number in adding figures.
5. To convey by extension or continuance; to
extend; as, to carry the chimney through the roof;
to carry a road ten miles farther.
6. To bear or uphold successfully through conflict,
as a leader or principle; hence, to succeed in, as in a contest;
to bring to a successful issue; to win; as, to carry
an election. \'bdThe greater part carries
it.\'b8
Shak.
The carrying of our main point.
Addison.
7. To get possession of by force; to capture.
The town would have been carried in the end.
Bacon.
8. To contain; to comprise; to bear the aspect of ;
to show or exhibit; to imply.
He thought it carried something of argument in
it.
Watts.
It carries too great an imputation of
ignorance.
Lacke.
9. To bear (one's self); to behave, to conduct or
demean; -- with the refexive pronouns.
He carried himself so insolently in the house, and
out of the house, to all persons, that he became odious.
Clarendon.
10. To bear the charges or burden of holding or
having, as stocks, merchandise, etc., from one time to another;
as, a merchant is carrying a large stock; a farm
carries a mortgage; a broker carries stock for
a customer; to carry a life insurance.
Carry arms (Mil. Drill), a command
of the Manual of Arms directing the soldier to hold his piece in
the right hand, the barrel resting against the hollow of the
shoulder in a nearly perpendicular position. In this position the
soldier is said to stand, and the musket to be held, at
carry. -- To carry all before one, to
overcome all obstacles; to have uninterrupted success. --
To carry arms (a) To bear weapons.
(b) To serve as a soldier. -- To carry
away. (a) (Naut.) to break off; to
lose; as, to carry away a fore-topmast.
(b) To take possession of the mind; to charm; to
delude; as, to be carried by music, or by
temptation. -- To carry coals, to bear
indignities tamely, a phrase used by early dramatists, perhaps
from the mean nature of the occupation. Halliwell.
-- To carry coals to Newcastle, to take things to
a place where they already abound; to lose one's labor. --
To carry off (a) To remove to a
distance. (b) To bear away as from the power or
grasp of others. (c) To remove from life;
as, the plague carried off thousands. --
To carry on (a) To carry farther; to
advance, or help forward; to continue; as, to carry
on a design. (b) To manage, conduct,
or prosecute; as, to carry on husbandry or
trade. -- To carry out. (a) To
bear from within. (b) To put into execution; to
bring to a successful issue. (c) To sustain to
the end; to continue to the end. -- To carry
through. (a) To convey through the midst
of. (b) To support to the end; to sustain, or
keep from falling, or being subdued. \'bdGrace will
carry us . . . through all difficulties.\'b8
Hammond. (c) To complete; to bring to a
succesful issue; to succeed. -- To carry up,
to convey or extend in an upward course or direction; to
build. -- To carry weight. (a) To be
handicapped; to have an extra burden, as when one rides or
runs. \'bdHe carries weight, he rides a race\'b8
Cowper. (b) To have influence.
Car"ry, v. i. 1. To act as a
bearer; to convey anything; as, to fetch and
carry.
2. To have propulsive power; to propel; as, a
gun or mortar carries well.
3. To hold the head; -- said of a horse; as, to
carry well i. e., to hold the head high, with
arching neck.
4. (Hunting) To have earth or frost
stick to the feet when running, as a hare.
Johnson.
To carry on, to behave in a wild, rude, or
romping manner. [Colloq.]
Car"ry (?), n.; pl.
Carries (#). A tract of land, over
which boats or goods are carried between two bodies of navigable
water; a carrying place; a portage.
[U.S.]
Car"ry*all` (?), n. [Corrupted
fr. cariole.] A light covered carriage,
having four wheels and seats for four or more persons, usually
drawn by one horse.
Car"ry*ing, n. The act or business of
transporting from one place to another.
Carrying place, a carry; a portage. --
Carrying trade, the business of transporting
goods, etc., from one place or country to another by water or
land; freighting.
We are rivals with them in . . . the carrying
trade.
Jay.
Car"ryk (?), n. A carack.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Car"ry*tale` (?), n. A
talebearer. [R.]
Shak.
Carse (?), n. [Of Celtic
origin; cf. W. cars bog, fen. carsen reed,
Armor. kars, korsen, bog plant,
reed.] Low, fertile land; a river valley.
[Scot.]
Jomieson.
Cart (?), n. [AS.
cr\'91t; cf. W. cart, Ir. & Gael.
cairt, or Icel. kartr. Cf.
Car.] 1. A common name for various
kinds of vehicles, as a Scythian dwelling on wheels, or a
chariot. \'bdPh\'d2bus' cart.\'b8
Shak.
2. A two-wheeled vehicle for the ordinary purposes
of husbandry, or for transporting bulky and heavy articles.
Packing all his goods in one poor cart.
Dryden.
3. A light business wagon used by bakers,
grocerymen, butchers, atc.
4. An open two-wheeled pleasure carriage.
Cart horse, a horse which draws a cart; a
horse bred or used for drawing heavy loads. --
Cart load, Cartload,
as much as will fill or load a cart. In excavating and
carting sand, gravel, earth, etc., one third of a cubic yard of
the material before it is loosened is estimated to be a cart
load. -- Cart rope, a stout rope for
fastening a load on a cart; any strong rope. --
To put (get set)
the cart before the horse, to invert the
order of related facts or ideas, as by putting an effect for a
cause.
Cart, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Carted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Carting.] 1. To carry or
convey in a cart.
2. To expose in a cart by way of punishment.
She chuckled when a bawd was carted.
Prior.
Cart, v. i. To carry burdens in a cart;
to follow the business of a carter.
Cart"age (?), n. 1.
The act of carrying in a cart.
2. The price paid for carting.
Cart"bote` (?), n.
[Cart + bote.] (Old Eng.
Law.) Wood to which a tenant is entitled for making
and repairing carts and other instruments of husbandry.
\'d8Carte (?), n. [F. See 1st
Card.] 1. Bill of fare.
2. Short for Carte de visite.
{ Carte. \'d8Quarte (?), }
n. [F. quarte, prop., a fourth. Cf.
Quart.] (Fencing) A position in
thrusting or parrying, with the inside of the hand turned upward
and the point of the weapon toward the adversary's right
breast.
\'d8Carte` blanche" (?). [F., fr. OF.
carte paper + -blanc, blanche,
white. See 1st Card.] A blank paper, with a
person's signature, etc., at the bottom, given to another person,
with permission to superscribe what conditions he pleases. Hence:
Unconditional terms; unlimited authority.
\'d8Carte" de vi*site` (?), pl.
Cartes de visite (. [F.]
1. A visiting card.
2. A photographic picture of the size formerly in
use for a visiting card.
Car*tel" (?), n. [F., fr. LL.
cartellus a little paper, dim. fr. L.
charta. See 1st Card.]
1. (Mil.) An agreement between
belligerents for the exchange of prisoners.
Wilhelm.
2. A letter of defiance or challenge; a challenge
to single combat. [Obs.]
He is cowed at the very idea of a cartel.,
Sir W. Scott.
<-- 3. a formal or informal arrangement (sometimes unlawful)
among independent commercial enterprises organized for the
purpose of common gain, as by limiting competition or fixing
prices -->
Cartel, or Cartel ship,
a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying
propositions to an enemy; a ship beating a flag of truce and
privileged from capture.
Car"tel (?), v. t. To defy or
challenge. [Obs.]
You shall cartel him.
B. Jonson.
Cart"er (?), n. 1. A
charioteer. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A man who drives a cart; a teamster.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any species
of Phalangium; -- also called
harvestman. (b) A British
fish; the whiff.
Car*te"sian (?), a. [From
Renatus Cartesius, Latinized from of Ren\'82
Descartes: cf. F. cart\'82sien.]
Of or pertaining to the French philosopher Ren\'82
Descartes, or his philosophy.
The Cartesion argument for reality of matter.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Cartesian co\'94rdinates (Geom),
distance of a point from lines or planes; -- used in a system
of representing geometric quantities, invented by Descartes.
-- Cartesian devil, a small hollow glass figure,
used in connection with a jar of water having an elastic top, to
illustrate the effect of the compression or expansion of air in
changing the specific gravity of bodies. -- Cartesion
oval (Geom.), a curve such that, for any
point of the curve mr + m\'b7r\'b7 = c, where
r and r\'b7 are the distances of the point
from the two foci and m, m\'b7 and
c are constant; -- used by Descartes.
Car*te"sian, n. An adherent of
Descartes.
Car*te"sian*ism, n. The philosophy of
Descartes.
Car`tha*gin"i*an, a. Of a pertaining to
ancient Carthage, a city of northern Africa. --
n. A native or inhabitant of
Carthage.
Car"tha*min (?), n.
(Chem.) A red coloring matter obtained from the
safflower, or Carthamus tinctorius.
Car*thu"sian (?), n. [LL.
Cartusianus, Cartusiensis, from the town of
Chartreuse, in France.] (Eccl. Hist.)
A member of an exceeding austere religious order, founded at
Chartreuse in France by St. Bruno, in the year 1086.
Car*thu"sian, a. Pertaining to the
Carthusian.
Car"ti*lage (?), n. [L.
cartilago; cf. F. cartilage.]
(Anat.) A translucent, elastic tissue;
gristle.
Cartilage contains no vessels, and
consists of a homogeneous, intercellular matrix, in which there
are numerous minute cavities, or capsules, containing
protoplasmic cells, the cartilage corpuscul. See
Illust under Duplication.
Articular cartilage, cartilage that lines the
joints. -- Cartilage bone (Anat.),
any bone formed by the ossification of cartilage. --
Costal cartilage, cartilage joining a rib with he
sternum. See Illust. of Thorax.
Car`ti*la*gin"e*ous (?), a. [L.
cartilageneus.] See
Cartilaginous.
Ray.
Car"ti*la*gin`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[L. cartilago, -laginis, cartilage +
facere to make.] The act or process of
forming cartilage.
Wright.
Car`ti*lag"i*nous (?), a. [L.
cartilaginosus: cf. F.
cartilagineux.] 1. Of or
pertaining to cartilage; gristly; firm and tough like
cartilage.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the skeleton in the
state of cartilage, the bones containing little or no calcareous
matter; said of certain fishes, as the sturgeon and the
sharks.
Cart"man (?), n.; pl.
Cartmen (. One who drives or
uses a cart; a teamster; a carter.
Car*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who
make charts or maps.
{ Car`to*graph"ic (?),
Car`to*graph"ic*al (?) }, a.
Of or pertaining to cartography.
Car`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. By
cartography.
Car*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F.
cartographie. See Card, and
-graphy.] The act business of forming chart's
or maps.
Car"to*man`cy (?), n. [Cf. F.
cartomancie. See Card, and
-mancy.] The act of telling fortunes with
cards.
Car"ton (?), n. [F. See
Cartoon.] Pasteboard for paper boxes; also, a
pasteboard box.
\'d8Carton pierre (, a species of
papier-mach\'82, imitating stone or bronze
sculpture.
Knight.
Car*toon" (?), n. [F.
carton (cf. It. cartons pasteboard,
cartoon.); fr. L. charta. See 1st
card.]
1. A design or study drawn of the full size, to
serve as a model for transferring or copying; -- used in the
making of mosaics, tapestries, fresco pantings and the like;
as, the cartoons of Raphael.
2. A large pictorial sketch, as in a journal or
magazine; esp. a pictorial caricature; as , the
cartoons of \'bdPuck.\'b8
Car"toon"ist, n. One skilled in drawing
cartoons.
Car*touch" (?), n.; pl.
Cartouches (#) [F. cartouche,
It. cartuccia, cartoccio, cornet, cartouch,
fr. L. charta paper. See 1st Card, and cf.
Cartridge.]
1. (Mil.) (a) A roll or case of
paper, etc., holding a charge for a firearm; a cartridge.
(b) A cartridge box. (c) A
wooden case filled with balls, to be shot from a cannon.
(d) A gunner's bag for ammunition.
(e) A military pass for a soldier on
furlough.
2. (Arch.) (a) A cantalever,
console, corbel, or modillion, which has the form of a scroll of
paper. (b) A tablet for ornament, or for
receiving an inscription, formed like a sheet of paper with the
edges rolled up; hence, any tablet of ornamental form.
3. (Egyptian Antiq.) An oval figure on
monuments, and in papyri, containing the name of a
sovereign.
Car"tridge (?), n. [Formerlly
cartrage, corrupted fr. F. cartouche. See
Cartouch.] (Mil.) A complete
charge for a firearm, contained in, or held together by, a case,
capsule, or shell of metal, pasteboard, or other material.
Ball cartridge, a cartridge containing a
projectile. -- Blank cartrige, a cartridge without a
projectile, -- Center-fire cartridge, a
cartridge in which the fulminate occupies an axial position
usually in the center of the base of the capsule, instead of
being contained in its rim. In the Prussian needle gun the
fulminate is applied to the middle of the base of the bullet.
Rim-fire cartridge, a cartridge in which the fulminate
is contained in a rim surrounding its base. --
Cartridge bag, a bag of woolen cloth, to hold a
charge for a cannon. -- Cartridge belt, a
belt having pocket for cartridges. -- Cartridge
box, a case, usually of leather, attached to a belt or
strap, for holding cartridges. -- Cartridge
paper. (a) A thick stout paper for inclosing
cartridges. (b) A rough tinted paper used for covering
walls, and also for making drawings upon.
Car"tu*la*ry (?), n.; pl.
Cartularies. [LL. cartularium,
chartularium, fr. L. charta paper: cf. F.
cartulaire. See 1st Card.]
1. A register, or record, as of a monastery or
church.
2. An ecclesiastical officer who had charge of
records or other public papers.
Cart"way` (?), n. A way or road
for carts.
Cart"wright` (?), n.
[Cart + wright.] An
artificer who makes carts; a cart maker.
Car"u*cage (?), n. [LL.
carrucagium (OF. charuage.), fr. LL.
carruca plow, fr. L. carruca coach.]
1. (Old Eng. Law.) A tax on every plow
or plowland.
2. The act of plowing. [R.]
Car"u*cate (?), n. [LL.
carucata, carrucata. See
Carucage.] A plowland; as much land as one
team can plow in a year and a day; -- by some said to be about
100 acres.
Burrill.
{ Car"un*cle (?),
\'d8Ca*run"cu*la (?), } n.
[L. caruncula a little piece of flesh, dim. of
caro flesh.] 1. (Anat.)
A small fleshy prominence or excrescence; especially the
small, reddish body, the caruncula lacrymalis, in the
inner angle of the eye.
2. (Bot.) An excrescence or appendage
surrounding or near the hilum of a seed.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A naked, flesh appendage,
on the head of a bird, as the wattles of a turkey, etc.
{ Ca*run"cu*lar (?),
Ca*run"cu*lous (?), } a.
Of, pertaining to, or like, a caruncle; furnished with
caruncles.
{ Ca*run"cu*late (?),
Ca*run"cu*la`ted (?), } a.
Having a caruncle or caruncles; caruncular.
<-- p. 222 -->
\'d8Ca"rus (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Med.) Coma with complete
insensibility; deep lethargy.
Car"va*crol (?), n.
(Chem.) A thick oily liquid,
C10H13.OH, of a strong taste and disagreeable
odor, obtained from oil of caraway (Carum
carui).
Carve (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Carved (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Carving.]
[AS. ceorfan to cut, carve; akin to D.
kerven, G. kerben, Dan. karve,
Sw. karfva, and to Gr. -graphy. Cf. Graphic.]
1. To cut. [Obs.]
Or they will carven the shepherd's throat.
Spenser.
2. To cut, as wood, stone, or other material, in an
artistic or decorative manner; to sculpture; to engrave.
Carved with figures strange and sweet.
Coleridge.
3. To make or shape by cutting, sculpturing, or
engraving; to form; as, to carve a name on a
tree.
An angel carved in stone.
Tennyson.
We carved not a line, and we raised not a
stone.
C. Wolfe.
4. To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at
table; to divide for distribution or apportionment; to
apportion. \'bdTo carve a capon.\'b8
<-- = carve up -->
Shak.
5. To cut: to hew; to mark as if by cutting.
My good blade carved the casques of men.
Tennyson.
A million wrinkles carved his skin.
Tennyson.
6. To take or make, as by cutting; to
provide.
Who could easily have carved themselves their own
food.
South.
7. To lay out; to contrive; to design; to
plan.
Lie ten nights awake carving the fashion of a new
doublet.
Shak.
To carve out, to make or get by cutting, or as
if by cutting; to cut out. \'bd[Macbeth] with his
brandished steel . . . carved out his passage.\'b8
Shak.
Fortunes were carved out of the property of the
crown.
Macaulay.
Carve, v. i. 1. To exercise the
trade of a sculptor or carver; to engrave or cut figures.
2. To cut up meat; as, to carve for
all the guests.
Carve, n. A carucate.
[Obs.]
Burrill.
Car"vel (?), n. [Contr. fr.
caravel.] 1. Same as
Caravel.
2. A species of jellyfish; sea blubber.
Sir T. Herbert.
Car"vel*built (?), a.
(Shipbuilding) Having the planks meet flush at
the seams, instead of lapping as in a clinker-built vessel.
Car"ven (?), a. Wrought by
carving; ornamented by carvings; carved.
[Poetic]
A carven bowl well wrought of beechen tree.
Bp. Hall.
The carven cedarn doors.
Tennyson.
A screen of carven ivory.
Mrs. Browning.
Car"vene (?), n. [F.
carvi caraway.] An oily substance,
C10H16, extracted from oil caraway.
Carv"er (?), n. 1. One
who carves; one who shapes or fashions by carving, or as by
carving; esp. one who carves decorative forms, architectural
adornments, etc. \'bdThe carver's chisel.\'b8
Dodsley.
The carver of his fortunes.
Sharp (Richardson's Dict. )
2. One who carves or divides meat at table.
3. A large knife for carving.
Carv"ing, n. 1. The act or art
of one who carves.
2. A piece of decorative work cut in stone, wood,
or other material. \'bdCarving in wood.\'b8
Sir W. Temple.
3. The whole body of decorative sculpture of any
kind or epoch, or in any material; as, the Italian
carving of the 15th century.
Car"vist (?), n. [A corruption
of carry fist.] (Falconary) A
hawk which is of proper age and training to be carried on the
hand; a hawk in its first year.
Booth.
Car"vol (?), n. (Chem.)
One of a species of aromatic oils, resembling
carvacrol.
Car" wheel` (?), A flanged wheel of a
railway car or truck.
{ Car`y*at"ic (?), Car`y*at"id
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to a
caryatid.
Car`y*at"id (?), n.; pl.
Caryatids (#) [See
Caryatides.] (Arch.) A draped female figure
supporting an entablature, in the place of a column or
pilaster.
\'d8Car`y*at"i*des (?), n. pl.
[L., fr. Gr. (Arch)
Caryatids.
Atlantes, Telamones, and
Persians.
Car`y*o*phyl*la"ceous (?), a.
[Gr.
(Bot.) (a) Having corollas of five
petals with long claws inclosed in a tubular, calyx, as the
pink. (b) Belonging to the family of which
the pink and the carnation are the types.
Car`y*oph"yl*lin (?), n.
(Chem.) A tasteless and odorless crystalline
substance, extracted from cloves, polymeric with common
camphor.
Car`y*oph"yl*lous (?), a.
Caryophyllaceous.
Car`y*op"sis (?), n.; pl.
Caryopses (#). [NL., fr. gr. (Bot.) A
one-celled, dry, indehiscent fruit, with a thin membranous
pericarp, adhering closely to the seed, so that fruit and seed
are incorporated in one body, forming a single grain, as of
wheat, barley, etc.
Ca"sal (?), a. (Gram.)
Of or pertaining to case; as, a casal
ending.
Cas"ca*bel (?), n. [Sp.
cascabel a little bell, also (fr. the shape), a knob
at the breech end of a cannon.] The projection in rear
of the breech of a cannon, usually a knob or breeching loop
connected with the gun by a neck. In old writers it included all
in rear of the base ring. [See Illust. of
Cannon.]
Cas*cade" (?), n. [F.
cascade, fr. It. cascata, fr.
cascare to ball.] A fall of water over a
precipice, as in a river or brook; a waterfall less than a
cataract.
The silver brook . . . pours the white cascade.
Longjellow.
Now murm'ring soft, now roaring in cascade.
Cawper.
Cas*cade", v. i. 1. To fall in
a cascade.
Lowell.
2. To vomit. [Slang]
Smollett.
\'d8Cas*cal"ho (?), n. [Pg., a
chip of stone, gravel.] A deposit of pebbles, gravel,
and ferruginous sand, in which the Brazilian diamond is usually
found.
\'d8Cas"ca*ra sa*gra"da (?). [Sp.]
Holy bark; the bark of the California buckthorn
(Rhamnus Purshianus), used as a mild cathartic or
laxative.
Cas`ca*ril"la (?), n.[Sp.,
small thin bark, Peruvian bark, dim. of c\'a0scara
bark.] (Bot.) A euphorbiaceous West Indian
shrub (Croton Eleutheria); also, its aromatic
bark.
Cascarilla bark (Cascarila) (Med.), the bark of
Croton Eleutheria. It has an aromatic odor and a
warm, spicy, bitter taste, and when burnt emits a musky odor. It
is used as a gentle tonic, and sometimes, for the sake of its
fragrance, mixed with smoking tobacco, when it is said to
occasion vertigo and intoxication.
Cas`ca*ril"lin (?), n.
(Chem.) A white, crystallizable, bitter substance
extracted from oil of cascarilla.
Case (?), n. [OF.
casse, F. caisse (cf. It.
cassa), fr. L. capsa chest, box, case, fr.
caper to take, hold See Capacious, and cf.
4th Chase, Cash, Enchase, 3d
Sash.]
1. A box, sheath, or covering; as, a
case for holding goods; a case for spectacles;
the case of a watch; the case (capsule) of a
cartridge; a case (cover) for a book.
2. A box and its contents; the quantity contained
in a box; as, a case of goods; a case of
instruments.
3. (Print.) A shallow tray divided into
compartments or \'bdboxes\'b8 for holding type.
Cases for type are usually arranged in
sets of two, called respectively the upper and the
lower case. The upper case contains
capitals, small capitals, accented; the lower case
contains the small letters, figures, marks of punctuation,
quadrats, and spaces.
4. An inclosing frame; a casing; as, a door
case; a window case.
5. (Mining) A small fissure which admits
water to the workings.
Knight.
Case, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cased (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Casing.] 1. To cover or
protect with, or as with, a case; to inclose.
The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days
and nights in the saddle.
Prescott.
2. To strip the skin from; as, to case
a box. [Obs.]
Case, n. [F. cas, fr. L.
casus, fr. cadere to fall, to happen. Cf.
Chance.] 1. Chance; accident; hap;
opportunity. [Obs.]
By aventure, or sort, or cas.
Chaucer.
2. That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event;
an instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstamces; condition;
state of things; affair; as, a strange case; a
case of injustice; the case of the Indian
tribes.
In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge.
Deut. xxiv. 13.
If the case of the man be so with his wife.
Matt. xix. 10.
And when a lady's in the case.
You know all other things give place.
Gay.
You think this madness but a common case.
Pope.
I am in case to justle a constable,
Shak.
3. (Med. & Surg.) A patient under
treatment; an instance of sickness or injury; as, ten
cases of fever; also, the history of a disease or
injury.
A proper remedy in hypochondriacal cases.
Arbuthnot.
4. (Law) The matters of fact or
conditions involved in a suit, as distinguished from the
questions of law; a suit or action at law; a cause.
Let us consider the reason of the case, for nothing
is law that is not reason.
Sir John Powell.
Not one case in the reports of our courts.
Steele.
5. (Gram.) One of the forms, or the
inflections or changes of form, of a noun, pronoun, or adjective,
which indicate its relation to other words, and in the aggregate
constitute its declension; the relation which a noun or pronoun
sustains to some other word.
Case is properly a falling off from the
nominative or first state of word; the name for which, however,
is now, by extension of its signification, applied also to the
nominative.
J. W. Gibbs.
Cases other than the nominative are
oblique cases. Case endings are
terminations by which certain cases are distinguished. In old
English, as in Latin, nouns had several cases distinguished by
case endings, but in modern English only that of the
possessive case is retained.
Action on the case (Law), according
to the old classification (now obsolete), was an action for
redress of wrongs or injuries to person or property not specially
provided against by law, in which the whole cause of complaint
was set out in the writ; -- called also trespass on the
case, or simply case. --
All a case, a matter of indifference.
[Obs.] \'bdIt is all a case to me.\'b8
L'Estrange. -- Case at bar. See under
Bar, n. -- Case divinity,
casuistry. -- Case lawyer, one versed in
the reports of cases rather than in the science of the law.
-- Case stated or agreed on
(Law), a statement in writing of facts agreed on
and submitted to the court for a decision of the legal points
arising on them. -- A hard case, an abandoned
or incorrigible person. [Colloq.] -- In
any case, whatever may be the state of affairs;
anyhow. -- In case, In case
that, if; supposing that; in the event or
contingency; if it should happen that. \'bdIn
case we are surprised, keep by me.\'b8 W. Irving.
-- In good case, in good condition, health, or
state of body. -- To put a case, to suppose a
hypothetical or illustrative case.
Syn. -- Situation, condition, state; circumstances; plight;
predicament; occurrence; contingency; accident; event;
conjuncture; cause; action; suit.
Case, v. i. To propose hypothetical
cases. [Obs.] \'bdCasing upon the
matter.\'b8
L'Estrange.
Ca`se*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
cas\'82ation. See Casein.]
(Med.) A degeneration of animal tissue into a
cheesy or curdy mass.
Case"-bay` (?), n.
(Arch.) (a) The space between two
principals or girders. (b) One of the joists
framed between a pair of girders in naked flooring.
Case"hard`en (?), v. t. 1.
To subject to a process which converts the surface of iron
into steel.
2. To render insensible to good influences.
Case"hard`ened (?), a. 1.
Having the surface hardened, as iron tools.
2. Hardened against, or insusceptible to, good
influences; rendered callous by persistence in wrongdoing or
resistance of good influences; -- said of persons.
Case"hard`en*ing, n. The act or process
of converting the surface of iron into steel.
Ure.
Casehardening is now commonly effected by
cementation with charcoal or other carbonizing material, the
depth and degree of hardening (carbonization) depending on the
time during which the iron is exposed to the heat. See
Cementation.
Ca"se*ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
cas\'82ique, fr. L. caseus cheese.]
OF or pertaining to cheese; as, caseic
acid.
Ca"se*in (?), n. [Cf. F.
cas\'82ine, fr. L. caseur cheese. Cf.
Cheese.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
proteid substance present in both the animal and the vegetable
kingdom. In the animal kindom it is chiefly found in milk, and
constitutes the main part of the curd separated by rennet; in the
vegetable kingdom it is found more or less abundantly in the
seeds of leguminous plants. Its reactions resemble those of
alkali albumin. [Written also
caseine.]
<-- no pos in original. = n. -->
Case" knife` (?). 1. A knife
carried in a sheath or case.
Addison.
2. A large table knife; -- so called from being
formerly kept in a case.
Case"mate (?), n. [F.
casemate, fr. It. casamatta, prob. from
casa house + matto, f. matta,
mad, weak, feeble, dim. from the same source as E.
-mate in checkmate.]
1. (Fort.) A bombproof chamber, usually
of masonry, in which cannon may be placed, to be fired through
embrasures; or one capable of being used as a magazine, or for
quartering troops.
2. (Arch.) A hollow molding, chiefly in
cornices.
Case"ma`ted (?), a. Furnished
with, protected by, or built like, a casemate.
Campbell.
Case"ment (?), n. [Shortened
fr. encasement. See Incase 1st Case, and cf.
Incasement.] (Arch.) A window sash
opening on hinges affixed to the upright side of the frame into
which it is fitted. (Poetically) A window.
A casement of the great chamber window.
Shak.
Case"ment*ed, a. Having a casement or
casements.
Ca"se*ous (?), a. [L.
caseus. Cf. Casein.] Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, cheese; having the qualities of
cheese; cheesy.
Caseous degeneration, a morbid process, in
scrofulous or consumptive persons, in which the products of
inflammation are converted into a cheesy substance which is
neither absorbed nor organized.
Ca"sern (?), n. [F.
caserne.] A lodging for soldiers in
garrison towns, usually near the rampart; barracks.
Bescherelle.
Case" shot` (?). (Mil.) A
collection of small projectiles, inclosed in a case or
canister.
case shot is a
thin spherical or oblong cast-iron shell containing musket balls
and a bursting charge, with a time fuse; -- called in Europe
shrapnel. In Europe the term case shot is
applied to what in the United States is called
canister.
Wilhelm.
\'d8Ca"se*um (?), n. [L.
caseus cheese.] Same as
Casein.
Case"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A worm or grub that makes for itself a
case. See Caddice.
Cash (?), n. [F.
caisse case, box, cash box, cash. See Case a
box.] A place where money is kept, or where it is
deposited and paid out; a money box. [Obs.]
This bank is properly a general cash, where every
man lodges his money.
Sir W. Temple.
\'9c20,000 are known to be in her cash.
Sir R. Winwood.
2. (Com.) (a) Ready money;
especially, coin or specie; but also applied to bank notes,
drafts, bonds, or any paper easily convertible into money.
(b) Immediate or prompt payment in current funds;
as, to sell goods for cash; to make a reduction in
price for cash.
Cash account (Bookkeeping), an
account of money received, disbursed, and on hand. --
Cash boy, in large retail stores, a messenger who
carries the money received by the salesman from customers to a
cashier, and returns the proper change.
[Colloq.] -- Cash credit, an account
with a bank by which a person or house, having given security for
repayment, draws at pleasure upon the bank to the extent of an
amount agreed upon; -- called also bank credit
and cash account. -- Cash
sales, sales made for ready, money, in distinction from
those on which credit is given; stocks sold, to be delivered on
the day of transaction.
<-- cash on the nail. A cash payment made immediately upon
receiving the thing purchased. -->
Syn. -- Money; coin; specie; currency; capital.
Cash, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Casing.] To pay, or to receive, cash
for; to exchange for money; as, cash a note or an
order.
Cash, v. t. [See
Cashier.] To disband.
[Obs.]
Garges.
Cash, n.sing & pl. A Chinese coin.
cash (Chinese tsien) is
the only current coin made by the chinese government. It is a
thin circular disk of a very base alloy of copper, with a square
hole in the center. 1,000 to 1,400 cash are equivalent
to a dollar.
<-- p. 223 -->
Cash"book (?), n.
(Bookkeeping) A book in which is kept a register
of money received or paid out.
Ca*shew" (?), n. [F.
acajou, for cajou, prob. from Malay
k\'beyu tree; cf. Pg. acaju, cf.
Acajou.] (Bot.) A tree
(Anacardium occidentale) of the same family which the
sumac. It is native in tropical America, but is now naturalized
in all tropical countries. Its fruit, a kidney-shaped nut, grows
at the extremity of an edible, pear-shaped hypocarp, about three
inches long.
Casbew nut, the large, kidney-shaped fruit of
the cashew, which is edible after the caustic oil has been
expelled from the shell by roasting the nut.
Cash*ier" (?), n. [F.
caissier, fr. caisse. See
Cash.] One who has charge of money; a cash
keeper; the officer who has charge of the payments and receipts
(moneys, checks, notes), of a bank or a mercantile company.
Cash*ier", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cahiered (?); p. pr. &vb.
n. Cashiering.] [Earlier
cash, fr. F. casser to break, annul,
cashier, fr. L. cassare, equiv. to cassum
reddere, to annul; cf. G. cassiren. Cf.
Quash to annul, Cass.] 1.
To dismiss or discard; to discharge; to dismiss with
ignominy from military service or from an office or place of
frust.
They have cashiered several of their followers.
Addison.
He had insolence to cashier the captain of the lord
lieutenant's own body guard.
Macaulay.
2. To put away or reject; to disregard.
[R.]
Connections formed for interest, and endeared
By selfish views, [are] censured and cashiered.
Cowper.
They absolutely cashier the literal express sense
of the words.
Sowth.
Cash*ier"er (?), n. One who
rejects, discards, or dismisses; as, a cashierer of
monarchs. [R.]
Burke.
Cash"mere (?), n. 1. A
rich stuff for shawls, acaris, etc., originally made in Cashmere
from the soft wool found beneath the hair of the goats of
Cashmere, Thibet, and the Himalayas. Some cashmere, of fine
quality, is richly embroidered for sale to Europeans.
2. A dress fabric made of fine wool, or of fine
wool and cotton, in imitation of the original cashmere.
Cashmere shawl, a rich and costly shawl made
of cashmere; -- other called camel's-hair
shawl.
Cash`me*rette" (?), n. A kind
of dress goods, made with a soft and glossy surface like
cashmere.
Ca*shoo" (?), n. [F.
cachou, NL. catechu, Cochin-Chin. cay
cau from the tree called mimosa, or areca
catechu. Cf. Catechu.] See
Catechu.
Cas"ing (?), n. 1. The
act or process of inclosing in, or covering with, a case or thin
substance, as plaster, boards, etc.
2. An outside covering, for protection or ornament,
or to precent the radiation of heat.
3. An inclosing frame; esp. the framework around a
door or a window. See Case, n., 4.
Ca"sings (?), n. pl. Dried dung
of cattle used as fuel. [Prov. Eng.]
Waterland.
\'d8Ca*si"no (?), n.; pl. E.
Casinos (#), It. Casini
(#). [It. casino, dim. of
casa house, fr. L. casa cottage. Cf.
Cassing.] 1. A small country
house.
2. A building or room used for meetings, or public
amusements, for dancing, gaming, etc.
3. A game at cards. See Cassino.
Cask (?), n. [Sp.
casco potsherd, skull, helmet, prob. fr.
cascar to break, fr. L. Quassure to break.
Cf. Casque, Cass.] 1. Same
as Casque. [Obs.]
2. A barrel-shaped vessel made of staves headings,
and hoops, usually fitted together so as to hold liquids. It may
be larger or smaller than a barrel.
3. The quantity contained in a cask.
4. A casket; a small box for jewels.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Cask, v. t. To put into a cask.
Cas"ket (?), n. [Cf. F.
casquet, dim. of casque belmet, fr. Sp.
casco.] 1. A small chest or box,
esp. of rich material or ornamental character, as for jewels,
etc.
The little casket bring me hither.
Shak.
2. A kind of burial case. [U.
S.]
3. Anything containing or intended to contain
something highly esteemed; as: (a) The body.
(Shak). (b) The tomb. (Milton).
(c) A book of selections. [poetic]
They found him dead . . . an empty casket.
Shak.
Cas"ket, n. (Naut.) A gasket.
See Gasket.
Cas"ket, v. t. To put into, or preserve
in, a casket. [Poetic] \'bdI have
casketed my treasure.\'b8
Shak.
Casque (?), n. [F.
casque, fr. Sp. casco See
Cask.] A piece of defensive or ornamental
armor (with or without a vizor) for the head and neck; a
helmet.
His casque overshadowed with brilliant plumes.
Prescott.
Cass (?), v. t. [F.
casser, LL. cassare, fr. L.
cassus empty, hollow, and perhaps influenced by L.
quassare to shake, shatter, v. intens. of
quatere to shake. Cf. Cashier, v.
t., Quash, Cask.] To render
useless or void; to annul; to reject; to send away.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Raleing.
Cas"sa*da (?), n. See
Cassava.
Cas"sa*reep (?), n. A condiment
made from the sap of the bitter cassava (Manihot
utilissima) deprived of its poisonous qualities,
concentrated by boiling, and flavored with aromatics. See
Pepper pot.
Cas"sate (?), v. t. [LL.
cassare. See Cass.] To render void
or useless; to vacate or annul. [Obs.]
Cas*sa"tion (?), n. [F.
cassation. See Cass.] The act of
annulling.
A general cassation of their constitutions.
Motley.
Court of cassation, the highest court of
appeal in France, which has power to quash (Casser) or
reverse the decisions of the inferior courts.
Cas"sa*va (?), n. [F.
cassave, Sp. cazabe, fr. kasabi,
in the language of Hayti.] 1. (Bot.)
A shrubby euphorbiaceous plant of the genus
Manihot, with fleshy rootstocks yielding an edible
starch; -- called also manioc.
bitter and
sweet, from which the cassava of commerce is prepared
in the West Indies, tropical America, and Africa. The bitter
(Manihot utilissima) is the more important; this has a
poisonous sap, but by grating, pressing, and baking the root the
poisonous qualities are removed. The sweet (M. Aipi)
is used as a table vegetable.
2. A nutritious starch obtained from the rootstocks
of the cassava plant, used as food and in making tapioca.
Cas"se Pa"per (?). [F. papier
cass\'82. See Cass.] Broken paper; the
outside quires of a ream.
Cas"se*role (#) n. [F. a
saucepan, dim. from casse a basin.] 1.
(Chem.) A small round dish with a handle, usually
of porcelain.
2. (Cookery) A mold (in the shape of a
hollow vessel or incasement) of boiled rice, mashed potato or
paste, baked, and afterwards filled with vegetables or
meat.
Cas"sia (?), n. [L.
cassia and casia, Gr. qets\'c6\'beh, fr.
q\'betsa' to cut off, to peel off.] 1.
(Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants (herbs,
shrubs, or trees) of many species, most of which have purgative
qualities. The leaves of several species furnish the senna used
in medicine.
2. The bark of several species of
Cinnamommum grown in China, etc.; Chinese cinnamon.
It is imported as cassia, but commonly sold as
cinnamon, from which it differs more or less in strength and
flavor, and the amount of outer bark attached.
Cassia
pulp) is the laxative pulp of the pods of a leguminous tree
(Cassia fistula or Pudding-pipe tree),
native in the East Indies but naturalized in various tropical
countries.
Cassia bark, the bark of Cinnamomum
Cassia, etc. The coarser kinds are called Cassia
lignea, and are often used to adulterate true
cinnamon. -- Cassia buds, the dried flower
buds of several species of cinnamon (Cinnamomum
cassia, atc..). -- Cassia oil, oil
extracted from cassia bark and cassia buds; -- called also
oil of cinnamon.
Cas"si*can (?), n. [NL.
cassicus helmeted, fr. L. cassis a
belmet.] (Zo\'94l.) An American bird of the
genus Cassicus, allied to the starlings and orioles,
remarkable for its skillfully constructed and suspended nest; the
crested oriole. The name is also sometimes given to the piping
crow, an Australian bird.
Cas*sid"e*ous (?), a. [L.
Cassis helmet.] (Bot.)
Helmet-shaped; -- applied to a corolla having a broad,
helmet-shaped upper petal, as in aconite.
Cas"si*do*ny (?), n. [Cf. LL.
cassidonium, F. Cassidoine. See
Chalcedony.] (Bot.) (a)
The French lavender (Lawandula Stachas).
(b) The goldilocks (Chrysocoma
linosyris) and perhaps other plants related to the genus
Gnaphalium or cudweed.
Cas"si*mere (?), n. [Cf. F.
casimir, prob. of the same origin as E.
cashmere. Cf. Kerseymere.] A thin,
twilled, woolen cloth, used for men's garments.
[Written also kerseymere.]
Cas`si*nette" (?), n. [Cf. Sp.
casinete, G. cassinet.] A cloth
with a cotton wart, and a woof of very fine wool, or wool and
silk.
Cas*sin"i*an o"vals (?). (Math.)
See under Oval.
Cas*si"no (?), n. [It.
casino a small house, a gaming house. See
asing.] A game at cards, played by two or
more persons, usually for twenty-one points.
Great cassino, the ten of diamonds. --
Little cassino, the two of spades.
<-- 2. a gaming house, often containing slot machines, roulette
tables, craps tables and/or card games. -->
Cas"si*o*ber`ry (?), n. [NL.
cassine, from the language of the Florida
Indians.] The fruit of the Viburnum
obovatum, a shrub which grows from Virginia to
Florida.
Cas`si*o*pe"ia (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Astron.) A constellation of
the northern hemisphere, situated between Capheus and Perseus; --
so called in honor of the wife of Cepheus, a fabuolous king of
Ethiopia.
Cassiopeia's Chair, a group of six stars, in
Cassiopeia, somewhat resembling a chair.
Cas*sit"er*ite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Native tin dioxide; tin stone;
a mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals of reddish brown
color, and brilliant adamantine luster; also massive, sometimes
in compact forms with concentric fibrous structure resembling
wood (wood tin), also in rolled fragments or pebbly
(Stream tin). It is the chief source of metallic tin.
See Black tin, under Black.
Cas"sius (?), n. [From the name
of the discoverer, A. Cassius, a German physician of
the 17th centry.] A brownish purple pigment, obtained
by the action of some compounds of tin upon certain salts of
gold. It is used in painting and staining porcelain and glass to
give a beautiful purple color. Commonly called Purple of
Cassius.
Cas"sock (?), n. [F.
casaque, fr. It. casacca, perh. fr. L.
casa cottage, in It., house; or of Slavic
origin.]
1. A long outer garment formerly worn by men and
women, as well as by soldiers as part of their uniform.
2. (Eccl.) A garment resembling a long
frock coat worn by the clergy of certain churches when
officiating, and by others as the usually outer garment.
Cas"socked (?), a. Clothed with
a cassock.
\'d8Cas`so*lette" (?), n.
[F.] a box, or vase with a perforated cover to
emit perfumes.
Cas`son*ade" (?), n. [F., fr.
casson, for caisson a large chest. This
sugar comes from Brazil in large chests.] Raw sugar;
sugar not refined.
Mc Elrath.
Cas"so*wa*ry (?), n.; pl.
Cassowaries (#). [Malay
kasu\'beri.] (Zo\'94l.) A large
bird, of the genus Casuarius, found in the east
Indies. It is smaller and stouter than the ostrich. Its head is
armed with a kind of helmet of horny substance, consisting of
plates overlapping each other, and it has a group of long sharp
spines on each wing which are used as defensive organs. It is a
shy bird, and runs with great rapidity. Other species inhabit New
Guinea, Australia, etc.
{ Cas`su*mu"nar (?),
Cas`su*mu"ni*ar (?), } n.
[Hind.] (Med.) A pungent, bitter,
aromatic, gingerlike root, obtained from the East Indies.
Cast (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cast; p. pr. &
vb. n. Casting.] [Cf. Dan.
kastw, Icel. & Sw. kasta; perh. akin to L.
gerer to bear, carry. E. Jest.]
1. To send or drive by force; to throw; to fling;
to hurl; to impel.
Uzziash prepared . . . slings to cast stones.
2 Chron. xxvi. 14
Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me.
Acts. xii. 8
We must be cast upon a certain island.
Acts. xxvii. 26.
2. To direct or turn, as the eyes.
How earnestly he cast his eyes upon me!
Shak.
3. To drop; to deposit; as, to cast a
ballot.
4. To throw down, as in wrestling.
Shak.
5. To throw up, as a mound, or rampart.
Thine enemies shall cast a trench [bank] about
thee.
Luke xix. 48.
6. To throw off; to eject; to shed; to lose.
His filth within being cast.
Shak.
Neither shall your vine cast her fruit.
Mal. iii. 11
The creatures that cast the skin are the snake, the
viper, etc.
Bacon.
7. To bring forth prematurely; to slink.
Thy she-goats have not cast their young.
Gen. xxi. 38.
8. To throw out or emit; to exhale.
[Obs.]
This . . . casts a sulphureous smell.
Woodward.
9. To cause to fall; to shed; to reflect; to throw;
as, to cast a ray upon a screen; to cast
light upon a subject.
10. To impose; to bestow; to rest.
The government I cast upon my brother.
Shak.
Cast thy burden upon the Lord.
Ps. iv. 22.
11. To dismiss; to discard; to cashier.
[Obs.]
The state can not with safety casthim.
12. To compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to
cast a horoscope. \'bdLet it be
cast and paid.\'b8
Shak.
You cast the event of war my noble lord.
Shak.
13. To contrive; to plan.
[Archaic]
The cloister . . . had, I doubt not, been cast for
[an orange- house].
Sir W. Temple.
14. To defeat in a lawsuit; to decide against; to
convict; as, to be cast in damages.
She was cast to be hanged.
Jeffrey.
Were the case referred to any competent judge, they would
inevitably be cast.
Dr. H. More.
15. To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance;
hence, to make preponderate; to decide; as, a
casting voice.
How much interest casts the balance in cases
dubious!
South.
16. To form into a particular shape, by pouring
liquid metal or other material into a mold; to fashion; to found;
as, to cast bells, stoves, bullets.
17. (Print.) To stereotype or
electrotype.
18. To fix, distribute, or allot, as the parts of a
play among actors; also to assign (an actor) for a part.
Our parts in the other world will be new cast.
Addison.
To cast anchor (Naut.) Se under
Anchor. -- To cast a horoscope, to
calculate it. -- To cast a horse,
sheep, or other animal, to throw with the
feet upwards, in such a manner as to prevent its rising
again. -- To cast a shoe, to throw off or
lose a shoe, said of a horse or ox. -- To cast
aside, to throw or push aside; to neglect; to reject as
useless or inconvenient. -- To cast away.
(a) To throw away; to lavish; to waste.
\'bdCast away a life\'b8 Addison. (b)
To reject; to let perish. \'bdCast away his
people.\'b8 Rom. xi. 1. \'bdCast one
away.\'b8 Shak. (c) To
wreck. \'bdCast away and sunk.\'b8 Shak.
-- To cast by, to reject; to dismiss or discard;
to throw away. -- To cast down, to throw
down; to destroy; to deject or depress, as the mind.
\'bdWhy art thou cast down. O my soul?\'b8 Ps.
xiii. 5. -- To cast forth, to throw out, or
eject, as from an inclosed place; to emit; to send out. --
To cast in one's lot with, to share the fortunes
of. -- To cast in one's teeth, to upbraid or
abuse one for; to twin. -- To cast lots. See
under Lot. -- To cast off. (a)
To discard or reject; to drive away; to put off; to free
one's self from. (b) (Hunting) To
leave behind, as dogs; also, to set loose, or free, as dogs.
Crabb. (c) (Naut.) To untie,
throw off, or let go, as a rope. -- To cast off
copy, (Print.), to estimate how much
printed matter a given amount of copy will make, or how large the
page must be in order that the copy may make a given number of
pages. -- To cast one's self on upon to yield or submit one's self unreservedly
to. as to the mercy of another. -- To cast out,
to throy out; to eject, as from a house; to cast forth; to
expel; to utter. -- To cast the lead
(Naut.), to sound by dropping the lead to the
botton. -- To cast the water (Med.),
to examine the urine for signs of disease.
[Obs.]. -- To cast up. (a)
To throw up; to raise. (b) To compute; to
reckon, as the cost. (c) To vomit.
(d) To twit with; to throw in one's teeth.
Cast (?), v. i. 1. To
throw, as a line in angling, esp, with a fly hook.
2. (Naut.) To turn the head of a vessel
around from the wind in getting under weigh.
Weigh anchor, cast to starboard.
Totten.
3. To consider; to turn or revolve in the mind; to
plan; as, to cast about for reasons.
She . . . cast in her mind what manner of salution
this should be.
Luke. i. 29.
4. To calculate; to compute.
[R.]
Who would cast and balance at a desk.
Tennyson.
5. To receive form or shape in a mold.
It will not run thin, so as to cast and mold.
Woodward.
6. To warp; to become twisted out of shape.
Stuff is said to cast or warp when . . . it alters
its flatness or straightness.
Moxon.
7. To vomit.
These verses . . . make me ready to cast.
B. Jonson.
Cast, 3d pres. of Cast, for
Casteth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cast, n. [Cf. Icel., Dan., & Sw.
kast.] 1. The act of casting or
throwing; a throw.
2. The thing thrown.
A cast of dreadful dust.
Dryden.
3. The distance to which a thing is or can be
thrown. \'bdAbout a stone's cast.\'b8
Luke xxii. 41.
4. A throw of dice; hence, a chance or
venture.
An even cast whether the army should march this way
or that way.
Sowth.
I have set my life upon a cast,
And I will stand the hazard of the die.
Shak.
5. That which is throw out or off, shed, or
ejected; as, the skin of an insect, the refuse from a hawk's
stomach, the excrement of a earthworm.
6. The act of casting in a mold.
And why such daily cast of brazen cannon.
Shak.
7. An impression or mold, taken from a thing or
person; amold; a pattern.
8. That which is formed in a mild; esp. a
reproduction or copy, as of a work of art, in bronze or plaster,
etc.; a casting.
9. Form; appearence; mien; air; style; as, a
pecullar cast of countenance. \'bdA neat
cast of verse.\'b8 Pope.
An heroic poem, but in another cast and figure.
Prior.
And thus the native hue of resolution
Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought.
Shak.
10. A tendency to any color; a tinge; a
shade.
Gray with a cast of green.
Woodward.
11. A chance, opportunity, privilege, or advantage;
specifically, an opportunity of riding; a lift.
[Scotch]
We bargained with the driver to give us a cast to
the next stage.
Smollett.
If we had the cast o' a cart to bring it.
Sir W. Scott.
12. The assignment of parts in a play to the
actors.
13. (Falconary) A flight or a couple or
set of hawks let go at one time from the hand.
Grabb.
As when a cast of falcons make their flight.
Spenser.
14. A stoke, touch, or trick.
[Obs.]
This was a cast of Wood's politics; for his
information was wholly false.
Swift.
15. A motion or turn, as of the eye; direction;
look; glance; squint.
The cast of the eye is a gesture of aversion.
Bacon.
And let you see with one cast of an eye.
Addison.
This freakish, elvish cast came into the child's
eye.
Hawthorne.
16. A tube or funnel for conveying metal into a
mold.
17. Four; that is, as many as are thrown into a
vessel at once in counting herrings, etc; a warp.
18. Contrivance; plot, design.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A cast of the eye, a slight squint or
strabismus. -- Renal cast (Med.),
microscopic bodies found in the urine of persons affected
with disease of the kidneys; -- so called because they are formed
of matter deposited in, and preserving the outline of, the renal
tubes. -- The last cast, the last throw of
the dice or last effort, on which every thing is ventured; the
last chance.
Cas*ta"li*an (?), a. [L.
Castalius] Of or pertaining to Castalia, a
mythical fountain of inspiration on Mt. Parnassus sacred to the
Muses.
Milton.
\'d8Cas*ta"ne*a (?), n. [L., a
chestnut, fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of
nut-bearing trees or shrubs including the chestnut and
chinquapin.
Cas"ta*net (?), n. See
Castanets.
Cas"ta*nets, n. pl. [F.
castagnettes, Sp. casta\'a4etas, fr. L.
castanea (Sp. casta\'a4a) a chestnut. So
named from the resemblance to two chestnuts, or because chestnuts
were first used for castanets. See Chestnut.]
Two small, concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped like
spoons, fastened to the thumb, and beaten together with the
middle finger; -- used by the Spaniards and Moors as an
accompaniment to their dance and guitars.
castanet, is used of
one of the pair, or, sometimes, of the pair forming
the instrument.
The dancer, holding a castanet in each hand,
rattles then to the motion of his feet.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
Cast"a*way (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, is cast away or shipwrecked.
2. One who is ruined; one who has made moral
shipwreck; a reprobate.
Lest . . . when I have preached to others, I
myself should be a castaway.
1 Cor. ix. 27.
Cas"a*way, a. Of no value; rejected;
useless.
Caste (?), n. [Pg.
casta race, lineage, fr. L. castus pure,
chaste: cf. F. caste, of same origin.]
1. One of the hereditary classes into which the
Hindoos are divided according to the laws of Brahmanism.
Brahmans, or sacerdotal order; the
Kshatriyas, or soldiers and rulers; the
Vaisyas, or husbandmen and merchants; and the
Sudras, or laborers and mechanics. Men of no caste
are Pariahs, outcasts. Numerous mixed classes, or
castes, have sprung up in the progress of time.
2. A separate and fixed order or class of persons
in society who chiefly hold intercourse among themselves.
The tinkers then formed an hereditary caste.
Macaulay.
To lose caste, to be degraded from the caste
to which one has belonged; to lose social position or
consideration.
Cas"tel*lan (?), n. [OF.
castelain, F. ch\'83telain, L.
castellanus pertaining to a castle, an occupant of a
caste, LL., a governor of a castle, fr. L. catellum
castle, citadel, dim. of castrum fortifled place. See
Castle, and cf. Chatelaine.] A
goveror or warden of a castle.
Cas"tel*la*ny (?), n.; pl.
Castellanies (#). [LL.
castellania.] The lordship of a castle; the
extent of land and jurisdiction appertaining to a castle.
Cas"tel*la`ted (?), a. [LL.
castellatus, fr. castellare. See
Castle.] 1. Inclosed within a
building; as, a fountain or cistern
castellated. [Obs.]
Johnson.
2. Furnished with turrets and battlements, like a
castle; built in the style of a castle.
Cas`tel*la"tion (?), n. [LL.
castellation, fr. castellare, fr. L.
castellum. See Castle.] The act of
making into a castle.
Cast"er (?), n. 1. One
who casts; as, caster of stones, etc. ; a
caster of cannon; a caster of
accounts.
2. A vial, cruet, or other small vessel, used to
contain condiments at the table; as, a set of
casters.
3. A stand to hold a set of cruets.
4. A small wheel on a swivel, on which furniture is
supported and moved.
Cas"ti*gate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Castigated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Castigating.] [L.
castigatus, p. p. of castigare to correct,
punish; castus pure, chaste + agere to
move, drive. See Caste, and cf. Chasten.]
1. To punish by stripes; to chastise by blows; to
chasten; also, to chastise verbally; to reprove; to criticise
severely.
2. To emend; to correct. [Obs.]
Cas`ti*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
catigatio.]
1. Corrective punishment; chastisement; reproof;
pungent criticism.
The keenest castigation of her slanderers.
W. Irving.
2. Emendation; correction.
[Obs.]
Cas`ti*ga"tor (?), n.
[L.] One who castigates or corrects.
Cas`ti*ga*to*ry (?), a. [L.
castigatorius.] Punitive in order to
amendment; corrective.
Cas"ti*ga*to*ry, n. An instrument
formerly used to punish and correct arrant scolds; -- called also
a ducking stool, or
trebucket.
Blacktone.
Cas"tile soap" (?). [From
Castile, or Castilia, a province in Spain,
from which it originally came.] A kind of fine, hard,
white or mottled soap, made with olive and soda; also, a soap
made in imitation of the above-described soap.
Cas*til"ian (?), n. [Sp.
castellano, from Castila, NL.
Castilia, Castella. Castile, which received
its name from the castles erected on the frontiers as a barrier
against the Moors.] 1. An inhabitant or
native of Castile, in Spain.
2. The Spanish language as spoken in Castile.
Cas*til"lan, a. Of or pertaining to
Castile, in Spain.
Cast"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of one who casts or throws, as in fishing.
2. The act or process of making cast or
impressions, or of shaping metal or plaster in a mold; the act or
the process of pouring molten metal into a mold.
3. That which is cast in a mold; esp. the mass of
metal so cast; as, a casting in iron; bronze
casting.
4. The warping of a board.
Brande & C.
5. The act of casting off, or that which is cast
off, as skin, feathers, excrement, etc.
Casting of draperies, the proper distribution
of the folds of garments, in painting and sculpture. --
Casting line (Fishing), the leader;
also, sometimes applied to the long reel line. Casting
net, a net which is cast and drawn, in distinction from
a net that is set and left. -- Casting
voice, Casting vote, the decisive
vote of a presiding officer, when the votes of the assembly or
house are equally divided. \'bdWhen there was an equal vote, the
governor had the casting voice.\'b8 B.
Trumbull. -- Casting weight, a weight
that turns a balance when exactly poised.
Cast" i`ron (?). Highly carbonized iron,
the direct product of the blast furnace; -- used for making
castings, and for conversion into wrought iron and steel. It can
not be welded or forged, is brittle, and sometimes very hard.
Besides carbon, it contains sulphur, phosphorus, silica,
etc.
Cast"-i`ron, a. Made of cast iron.
Hence, Fig.: like cast iron; hardy; unyielding.
Cas"tle (?), n. [AS.
castel, fr. L. castellum, dim. of
castrum a fortified place, castle.] 1.
A fortified residence, especially that of a prince or
nobleman; a fortress.
The house of every one is to him castle and
fortress, as well for his defense againts injury and violence, as
for his repose.
Coke.
Our castle's strength
Will laugh a siege to scorn.
Shak.
castle was a
single strong tower or keep, with a palisaded inclosure around it
and inferior buidings, such as stables and the like, and
surrounded by a moat; then such a keep or donjon, with courtyards
or baileys and accessory buildings of greater elaboration a great
hall and a chapel, all surrounded by defensive walls and a moat,
with a drawbridge, etc. Afterwards the name was retained by large
dwellings that had formerly been fortresses, or by those which
replaced ancient fortresses.
<-- Illustration of "Castle at Pierrefonds, France": -->
A Donjon or Keep, an irregular building
containing the dwelling of the lord and his family; B
C Large round towers ferming part of the donjon and of the
exterior; D Square tower, separating the two inner
courts and forming part of the donjon; E Chapel, whose
apse forms a half-round tower, F, on the exterior
walls; G H Round towers on the exterior walls;
K Postern gate, reached from outside by a removable
fight of steps or inclined plane for hoisting in stores, and
leading to a court, L (see small digagram) whose
pavement is on a level with the sill of the postern, but below
the level of the larger court, with which it communicates by a
separately fortified gateway; M Turret, containing
spiral stairway to all the stories of the great tower,
B, and serving also as a station for signal fire,
banner, etc.; N Turret with stairway for tower,
C; O Echauguettes; P P P
Battlemants consisting of merlons and crenels alternately, the
merlons being pierced by loopholes; Q Q Machicolations
(those at Q defend the postern K);
R Outwork defending the approach, which is a road
ascending the hill and passing under all four faces of the
castle; S S Wall of the outer bailey. The road of
approach enters the bailey at T and passes thence into
the castle by the main entrance gateway (which is in the wall
between, and defended by the towers, C H) and over two
drawbridges and through fortified passages to the inner
court.
<-- end of illustration caption. -->
2. Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion.
3. A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's
back.
4. A piece, made to represent a castle, used in the
game of chess; a rook.
Castle in the air, a visionary project; a
baseless scheme; an air castle; -- sometimes called a castle
in Spain (F. Ch\'83teau en Espagne).
Syn. -- Fortress; fortification; citadel; stronghold. See
Fortress.
Cas"tle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Castled
(. p. pr. & vb. n. Castling
(?).] (Chess) To move the
castle to the square next to king, and then the king around the
castle to the square next beyond it, for the purpose of covering
the king.
Cas"tle*build`er (?), n. Fig.:
one who builds castles in the air or forms visionary
schemes.
-- Cas"tle*build`ing,
n.
Cas"tled (?), a. Having a
castle or castles; supporting a castle; as, a
castled height or crag.
2. Fortified; turreted; as, castled
walls.
Cas"tle-guard` (?), n. 1.
The guard or defense of a castle.
2. (O. Eng. Law) A tax or imposition an
a dwelling within a certain distance of a castle, for the purpose
of maintaining watch and ward in it; castle-ward.
3. A feudal tenure, obliging the tenant to perform
service within the realm, without limitation of time.
Cas"tle*ry (?), n. [Cf. OF.
castelerie. See Castle.] The
government of a castle.
Blount.
Cas"tlet (?), n. A small
castle.
Leland.
Cas"tle*ward` (?), n. Same as
Castleguard.
Cast"ling (?), n. That which is
cast or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.
Sir T. Browne.
Cas"tling (?), n. (Chess)
A compound move of the king and castle. See Castle,
v. i./def>
Cast"-off` (?), a. Cast or laid
aside; as, cast-off clothes.
Cas"tor (?), n. [L.
castor the beaver, Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
rodents, including the beaver. See Beaver.
2. Castoreum. See Castoreum.
3. A hat, esp. one made of beaver fur; a
beaver.
I have always been known for the jaunty manner in which I wear
my castor.
Sir W. Scott.
4. A heavy quality of broadcloth for
overcoats.
Cast"or (?), n. See
Caster, a small wheel.
Cas"tor (?), n. [L.]
(Astron.) the northernmost of the two bright
stars in the constellation Gemini, the other being Pollux.
{ Cas"tor, Cas"tor*ite (?),
} n. [The minerals castor and
pollux were so named because found together
on the island of Elba. See Castor and Pollux.]
(Min.) A variety of the mineral called petalite,
from Elba.
Cas"tor and Pol"lux (?).
[Castor and Pollux were twin sons of
Jupiter and Leda.] (Naut.) See Saint
Elmo's fire, under Saint.
Cas"tor bean" (?). (Bot.) The
bean or seed of the castor-oil plant (Ricinus
communis, or Palma Christi.)
Cas*to"re*um (?), n. [L. See
Castor.] A peculiar bitter orange-brown
substance, with strong, penetrating odor, found in two sacs
between the anus and external genitals of the beaver; castor; --
used in medicine as an antispasmodic, and by perfumers.
<-- p. 225 -->
Cas"to*rin (?), n. [From 1st
Castor.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline substance obtained from castoreum.
Cas"tor oil (?). A mild cathartic oil,
expressed or extracted from the seeds of the Ricinus
communis, or Palma Christi. When fresh the oil
is inodorus and insipid.
Castor-oil plant. Same as Palma
Christi.
Cas`tra*me*ta"tion (?), n. [F.
castram\'82tation, fr. L.
castra camp + metari to measure off, fr.
meta limit.] (Mil.) The art or
act of encamping; the making or laying out of a camp.
Cas"trate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Castrated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Castrating.] [L.
castrarus, p; p. of castrare to castrate,
asin to Skr. \'87astra knife.] 1.
To deprive of the testicles; to emasculate; to geld; to
alter.
2. To cut or take out; esp. to remove anything
erroneous, or objectionable from, as the obscene parts of a
writing; to expurgate.
My . . . correspondent . . . has sent me the following letter,
which I have castrated in some places.
Spectator.
Cas*tra"tion (?), n. [L.
castratio; cf. F. castration.]
The act of castrating.
\'d8Cas*tra"to (?), n. [L.,
properly p. p. of castrare. See
Castrate.] A male person castrated for the
purpose of improving his voice for singing; an artificial, or
male, soprano.
Swift.
Cas"trel (?), n. [Cf. F.
cr\'82cerelle, cristel, OF.
crecel, cercele. Cf.
Kestrel.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Kestrel.
Cas*tren"sial (?), a. [L.
castrensis, fr. castra camp.]
Belonging to a camp.
Sir T. Browne.
Cas*tren"sian (?), a.
Castrensial. [R.]
Cast" steel" (?). See Cast
steel, under Steel.
Cas"u*al (?), a. [OE.
casuel, F. casuel, fr. L.
casualis, fr. casus fall, accident, fr.
cadere to fall. See Case.] 1.
Happening or coming to pass without design, and without
being foreseen or expected; accidental; fortuitous; coming by
chance.
Casual breaks, in the general system.
W. Irving.
2. Coming without regularity; occasional;
incidental; as, casual expenses.
A constant habit, rather than a casual gesture.
Hawthorne.
Syn. -- Accidental; fortutious; incidental; occasional;
contingent; unforeseen. See Accidental.
Cas"u*al, n. One who receives relief for
a night in a parish to which he does not belong; a vagrant.
Cas"u*al*ism (?), n. The
doctrine that all things exist or are controlled by chance.
Cas"u*al*ist, n. One who believes in
casualism.
Cas"u*al*ly, adv. Without design;
accidentally; fortuitously; by chance; occasionally.
Cas"u*al*ness, n. The quality of being
casual.
Cas"u*al*ty (?), n.; pl.
Casualties (#). [F.
casualit\'82, LL. casualitas.]
1. That which comes without design or without being
foreseen; contingency.
Losses that befall them by mere casualty.
Sir W. Raleigh.
2. Any injury of the body from accident; hence,
death, or other misfortune, occasioned by an accident; as, an
unhappy casualty.
3. pl. (Mil. & Naval)
Numerical loss caused by death, wounds, discharge, or
desertion.
Casualty ward, A ward in a hospital devoted to
the treatment of injuries received by accident.
Syn. -- Accident; contingency; fortuity; misfortune.
\'d8Cas`u*a*ri"na (?), n. [NL.,
supposed to be named from the resemblance of the twigs to the
feathers of the cassowary, of the genus
Casuarius.] (Bot.) A genus of
leafles trees or shrubs, with drooping branchlets of a rushlike
appearance, mostly natives of Australia. Some of them are large,
producing hard and heavy timber of excellent quality, called
beefwood from its color.
Cas"u*ist (?), n. [L.
casus fall, case; cf. F. casuiste. See
Casual.] One who is skilled in, or given to,
casuistry.
The judment of any casuist or learned divine
concerning the state of a man's soul, is not sufficient to give
him confidence.
South.
Cas"u*ist, v. i. To play the
casuist.
Milton.
{ Cas`u*is"tic (?),
Cas`u*is"tie*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to casuists or casuistry.
Cas"u*ist*ry (?), a. 1.
The science or doctrine of dealing with cases of conscience,
of resolving questions of right or wrong in conduct, or
determining the lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a man may do
by rules and principles drawn from the Scriptures, from the laws
of society or the church, or from equity and natural reason; the
application of general moral rules to particular cases.
The consideration of these nice and puzzling question in the
science of ethics has given rise, in modern times, to a
particular department of it, distinguished by the title of
casuistry.
Stewart.
Casuistry in the science of cases (i.e., oblique
deflections from the general rule).
De Quincey.
2. Sophistical, equivocal, or false reasoning or
teaching in regard to duties, obligations, and morals.
\'d8Ca"sus (?), n. [L.]
An event; an occurrence; an occasion; a combination of
circumstances; a case; an act of God. See the Note under
Accident.
Casus belli, an event or combination of events
which is a cause war, or may be alleged as a justification of
war. -- Casus fortuitus, an accident against
which due prudence could not have provided. See Act of
God, under Act. -- Casus omissus,
a case not provided for by the statute.
Cat (?), n. [AS.
cat; akin to D. & Dan. kat, Sw.
kett, Icel. k\'94ttr, G. katze,
kater, Ir. Cat, W. cath, Armor.
kaz, LL. catus, Bisc. catua, NGr cot, Turk. kedi, Ar.
qitt; of unknown origin. CF. Ketten.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) An animal of various
species of the genera Felis and Lynx. The
domestic cat is Felis domestica. The European wild cat
(Felis catus) is much larger than the domestic cat. In
the United States the name wild cat is commonly
applied to the bay lynx (Lynx rufus) See Wild
cat, and Tiger cat.
Angora cat; the Maltese cat; the Manx
cat.
The word cat is also used to designate other
animals, from some fancied resemblance; as, civet cat,
fisher cat, catbird, catfish
shark, sea cat.
2. (Naut.) (a) A strong vessel
with a narrow stern, projecting quarters, and deep waist. It is
employed in the coal and timber trade. (b) A
strong tackle used to draw an anchor up to the cathead of a
ship.
Totten.
3. A double tripod (for holding a plate, etc.),
having six feet, of which three rest on the ground, in whatever
position in is placed.
4. An old game; (a) The game of tipcat and
the implement with which it is played. See Tipcat.
(c) A game of ball, called, according to the number of
batters, one old cat, two old cat,
etc.
5. A cat o' nine tails. See below.
Angora cat, blind cat,
See under Angora, Blind. -- Black
cat the fisher. See under Black. --
Cat and dog, like a cat and dog; quarrelsome;
inharmonius. \'bdI am sure we have lived a cat and
dog life of it.\'b8 Coleridge. -- Cat
block (Naut.), a heavy iron-strapped block
with a large hook, part of the tackle used in drawing an anchor
up to the cathead. -- Cat hook
(Naut.), a strong hook attached to a cat
block. -- Cat nap, a very short sleep.
[Colloq.] -- Cat o' nine tails, an
instrument of punishment consisting of nine pieces of knotted
line or cord fastened to a handle; -- formerly used to flog
offenders on the bare back. -- Cat's cradle,
game played, esp. by children, with a string looped on the
fingers so, as to resemble small cradle. The string is
transferred from the fingers of one to those of another, at each
transfer with a change of form. See Cratch, Cratch
cradle. -- To let the cat out of the bag,
to tell a secret, carelessly or willfully.
[Colloq.] -- Bush cat, the serval.
See Serval.
Cat (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. tted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Catting.] (Naut.) To bring
to the cathead; as, to cat an anchor. See
Anchor.
Totten.
Cat"a (?). [Gr. kata`.]
The Latin and English form of a Greek preposition, used as a
prefix to signify down, downward,
under, against, contrary or
opposed to, wholly, completely;
as in cataclysm, catarrh. It sometimes
drops the final vowel, as in catoptric; and is
sometimes changed to cath, as in cathartic,
catholic.
Cat`a*bap"tist (?), n. [Pref.
cata + aptist. See Baptist.]
(Eccl.) One who opposes baptism, especially of
infants. [Obs.]
Featley.
\'d8Cat`a*ba"sion (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. A vault under altar of a Greek
church.
Cat`a*bi*ot"ic (?), a. Aee
under Force.
Cat`a*caus"tic (?), a. [Pref.
cata + caustic.] (Physics)
Relating to, or having the properties of, a caustic curve
formed by reflection. See Caustic, a.
Nichol.
Cat`a*caus"tic, n. (Physics)
A caustic curve formed by reflection of light.
Nichol.
Cat`a*chre"sis (?), n. [L. fr.
Gr. (Rhel.) A figure by which one word is
wrongly put for another, or by which a word is wrested from its
true signification; as, \'bdTo take arms against a sea of
troubles. \'b8 Shak. \'bdHer voice was but
the shadow of a sound.\'b8 Young.
{ Cat`a*chres"tic (?),
Cat"a*chres"tic*al (?), } a.
Belonging to, or in the manner of, a catachresis; wrested
from its natural sense or form; forced; far-fatched.
-- Cat`a*chres"tic*al*ly,
adv.
[A] catachrestical and improper way of
speaking.
Jer. Taylor.
Cat"a*clysm (?), n. [L.
cataclysmos, Gr. cataclysme.] 1. An extensive
overflow or sweeping flood of water; a deluge.
2. (Geol.) Any violent catastrophe,
involving sudden and extensive changes of the earth's
surface.
{ Cat`a*clys"mal (?),
Cat"a*clys"mic (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to a cataclysm.
Cat`a*clys"mist (?), n. One who
believes that the most important geological phenomena have been
produced by cataclysms.
Cat"a*comb (?), n. [It.
catacomba, fr. L. catacumba perh. from Gr.
A cave, grotto, or
subterraneous place of large extent used for the burial of the
dead; -- commonly in the plural.
Cat`a*cous"tic (?), n. [Pref.
cata _ acoustics: cf. F.
caraconstique.] (Physics) That
part of acoustics which treats of reflected sounds or echoes See
Acoustics.
Hutton.
{ Cat`a*di*op"tric (?),
Cat`a*di*op"tric*al (?), } a.
[Pref. cata + dioptric: cf. F.
catadioptrique.] (Physics)
Pertaining to, produced by, or involving, both the
reflection and refraction of light; as, a
catadioptric light.
Hutton.
Cat`a*di*op"trics (?), n. The
science which treats of catadioptric phenomena, or of the used of
catadioptric instruments.
Cat"a*drome (?), n. [Gr. 1. A
race course.
2. (Mach.) A machine for raising or
lowering heavy weights.
Ca*tad"ro*mous (?), a. [Gr. 1. (Bot.)
Having the lowest inferior segment of a pinna nearer the
rachis than the lowest superior one; -- said of a mode of
branching in ferns, and opposed to anadromous.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Living in fresh water, and
going to the sea to spawn; -- opposed to anadromous,
and of the eel.
\'d8Cat`a*fal"co (?), n.
[It.] See Catafalque.
Cat"a*falque` (?), n. [F., fr.
It. catafalco, scaffold, funeral canopy; of uncertain
origin; cf. Sp. catafalso, cadahalso,
cadalso, Pr. casafalc, OF.
chafaut. Cf. Scaffold.] A
temporary structure sometimes used in the funeral solemnities of
eminent persons, for the public exhibition of the remains, or
their conveyance to the place of burial.
Cat`*ag*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. catagmatique.] (Med.)
Having the quality of consolidating broken bones.
Ca*ta"ian (?), n. A native of
Cathay or China; a foreigner; -- formerly a term of
reproach.
Shak.
Cat"a*lan (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Catalonia. -- n. A
native or inbabitant of Catalonia; also, the language of
Catalonia.
Catalan furnace, Catalan
forge (Metal.), a kind of furnace for
producing wrought iron directly from the ore. It was formerly
much used, esp. in Catalonia, and is still used in some parts of
the United States and elsewhere.
Cat`a*lec"tic (?), a. [L.
catalecticus, Gr. 1.
(Pros.) Wanting a syllable at the end, or
terminating in an imperfect foot; as, a catalectic
verse.
2. (Photog. & Chem.) Incomplete;
partial; not affecting the whole of a substance.
Abney.
{ Cat"a*lep`sy (?),
\'d8Cat`a*lep"sis (?), } n.
[NL. catalepsis, fr. Gr.
(Med.) A sudden suspension of sensation and
volition, the body and limbs preserving the position that may be
given them, while the action of the heart and lungs
continues.
Cat`a*lep"tic (?), a. [Gr.
Pertaining to, or resembling, catalepsy;
affected with catalepsy; as, a cataleptic
fit.
\'d8Cat`al*lac"ta (?), n.;
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Catallactics.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of Protozoa, of which Magosph\'91ra is the
type. They exist both in a myxopod state, with branched
pseudopodia, and in the form of ciliated bodies united in free,
spherical colonies.
Cat`al*lac"tics (?) n. [Gr. The science
of exchanges, a branch of political economy.
Cat"a*log (?), n. & v.
Catalogue.
Cat"a*lo*gize (?), v. t. To
insert in a catalogue; to register; to catalogue.
[R.]
Coles.
Cat"a*logue (?), n. [F., fr.
catalogus, fr. Gr. A list
or enumeration of names, or articles arranged methodically, often
in alphabetical order; as, a catalogue of the
students of a college, or of books, or of the stars.
Card catalogue, a catalogue, as of books,
having each item entered on a separate card, and the cards
arranged in cases by subjects, or authors, or
alphabetically. -- Catalogue raisonn\'82
(?) [F.], a catalogue of books, etc.,
classed according to their subjects.
Syn. -- List; roll; index; schedule; enumeration; inventory.
See List.
Cat"a*logue, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Catalogued (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cataloguing (?).] To
make a list or catalogue; to insert in a catalogue.
Cat"a*log`uer (?), n. A maker
of catalogues; esp. one skilled in the making of
catalogues.
Ca*tal"pa (?), n. [From the
language of the Indians of Carolina, where Catesby discovered
this tree in the year 1726.] (Bot.) A genus
of American and East Indian trees, of which the best know species
are the Catalpa bignonioides, a large, ornamental
North American tree, with spotted white flowers and long
cylindrical pods, and the C. speciosa, of the
Mississipi valley; -- called also Indian
bean.
Ca*tal"y*sis (?), n.; pl.
Catalyse. (#) [ML., fr. Gr.
1. Dissolution; degeneration; decay.
[R.]
Sad catalysis and declension of piety.
Evelyn.
2. (Chem.) (a) A process by
which reaction occurs in the presence of certain agents which
were formerly believed to exert an influence by mere contact. It
is now believed that such reactions are attended with the
formation of an intermediate compound or compounds, so that by
alternate composition and decomposition the agent is apparenty
left unchanged; as, the catalysis of making ether
from alcohol by means of sulphuric acid; or catalysis in
the action of soluble ferments (as diastase, or ptyalin) on
starch. (b) The catalytic force.
Cat`a*ly"tic (?), a. Relating
to, or causing, catalysis. \'bdThe catalytic
power is ill understood.\'b8
Ure.
Catalytic force, that form of chemical energy
formerly supposed to determine catalysis.
Cat`a*lyt"ic, n. (Chem.) An
agent employed in catalysis, as platinum black, aluminium
chloride, etc.
Cat`a*ma*ran", n. [The native East
Indian name.] 1. A kind of raft or float,
consisting of two or more logs or pieces of wood lashed together,
and moved by paddles or sail; -- used as a surf boat and for
other purposes on the coasts of the East and West Indies and
South America. Modified forms are much used in the lumber regions
of North America, and at life-saving stations.
2. Any vessel with twin hulls, whether propelled by
sails or by steam; esp., one of a class of double-hulled pleasure
boats remarkable for speed.
3. A kind of fire raft or torpedo bat.
The incendiary rafts prepared by Sir Sidney Smith for
destroying the French flotilla at Boulogne, 1804, were called
catamarans.
Knight.
4. A quarrelsome woman; a scold.
[Colloq.]
\'d8Cat`a*me"nia (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) The monthly
courses of women; menstrual discharges; menses.
Cat`a*me"ni*al (?), a. [Gr.
Pertaining to the catamenia, or menstrual discharges.
Cat"a*mite (?), n. [L.
Catamitus, an old form of Ganymedes
Ganymede, Gr. A boy kept for unnatural
purposes.
Cat"a*mount (?), n.
[Cat + mount; cf. Sp. gato
mentes mountain cat.] (Zo\'94l.) The
cougar. Applied also, in some parts of the United States, to the
lynx.
Cat"a*nad`ro*mous (?), a. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Ascending and descending fresh streams
from and to the sea, as the salmon; anadromous.
[R.]
Cat"a*pasm (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A compound medicinal
powder, used by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers, to absorb
perspiration, etc.
Dunglison.
Cat`a*pel"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a catapult.
Cat`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref.
cata + petalous.] (Bot.) Having
the petals held together by stamens, which grow to their bases,
as in the mallow.
Cat`a*phon"ic (?), a. Of or
relating to cataphonics; catacoustic.
Cat`a*phon"ics (?), n. [Pref.
cata + phonic: cf. F. cataphonique.]
(Physics) That branch of acoustics which treats
of reflested sounds; catacoustics.
Cat"a*phract (?), n. [L.
cataphractes, Gr.
1. (Mil. Antiq.) Defensive armor used
for the whole body and often for the horse, also, esp. the linked
mail or scale armor of some eastern nations.
2. A horseman covered with a cataphract.
Archers and slingers, cataphracts, and spears.
Milton.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The armor or plate
covering some fishes.
Cat"a*phract`ed (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Covered with a cataphract, or armor of
plates, scales, etc.; or with that which corresponds to this, as
horny or bony plates, hard, callous skin, etc.
Cat`a*phrac"tic (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a cataphract.
Cat`a*phys"ic*al, a. [Pref. cata +
physical.] Unnatural; contrary to nature.
[R.]
Some artists . . . have given to Sir Walter Scott a pile of
forehead which is unpleassing and cataphysical.
De Quincey.
Cat"a*plasm (?), n. [L.
cataplasma, Gr. (Med.) A soft
and moist substance applied externally to some part of the body;
a poultice.
Dunglison.
Cat"a*puce (?), n. [F.]
(Bot.) Spurge. [Obs.]
Cat"a*pult (?), n. [L.
catapulta, Gr.
1. (Mil. Antiq.) An engine somewhat
resembling a massive crossbow, used by the ancient Greeks and
Romans for throwing stones, arrows, spears, etc.
2. A forked stick with elasti band for throwing
small stones, etc.
Cat"a*ract (?), n. [L.
cataracta, catarracles, a waterfall, Gr.
1. A great fall of water over a precipice; a large
waterfall.
2. (Surg.) An opacity of the crystalline
lens, or of its capsule, which prevents the passage of the rays
of light and impairs or destroys the sight.
3. (Mach.) A kind of hydraulic brake for
regulating the action of pumping engines and other machines; --
sometimes called dashpot.
Cat`a*rac"tous (?), a. Of the
nature of a cataract in the eye; affected with cataract.
Ca*tarrh" (?), n. [L.
catarrhus, Gr. Stream.]
(Med.) An inflammatory affection of any mucous
membrane, in which there are congestion, swelling, and an
altertion in the quantity and quality of mucus secreted; as
catarrh of the stomach; catarrh of the
bladder.
catarrh is applied
especially to a chronic inflammation of, and hypersecretion fron,
the membranes of the nose or air passages; in England, to an
acute influenza, resulting a cold, and attended with cough,
thirst, lassitude, and watery eyes; also, to the cold
itself.
Ca*tarrh"al (?), a. Pertaining
to, produced by, or attending, catarrh; of the nature of
catarrh.
Cat"ar*rhine (?), n. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Catarrhina, a
division of Quadrumana, including the Old World monkeys and apes
which have the nostrils close together and turned downward. See
Monkey.
Ca*tarrh"ous (?), a.
Catarrhal. [R.]
Cat`a*stal"tic (?), a. [Gr.
(Med.) Checking evacutions through astringent or
styptic qualities.
\'d8Ca*tas"ta*sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr.
1. (Rhet.) That part of a speech,
usually the exordium, in which the orator sets forth the subject
matter to be discussed.
2. (Med.) The state, or condition of
anything; constitution; habit of body.
Ca*tas"ter*ism (?), n. [Gr.
A placing
among the stars; a catalogue of stars.
The catasterisms of Eratosthenes.
Whewell.
Ca*tas"tro*phe (?), n. [L.
catastropha, Gr. 1. An
event producing a subversion of the order or system of things; a
final event, usually of a calamitous or disastrous nature; hence,
sudden calamity; great misfortune.
The strange catastrophe of affairs now at
London.
Bp. Buret.
The most horrible and portentous catastrophe that
nature ever yet saw.
Woodward.
2. The final event in a romance or a dramatic
piece; a denouement, as a death in a tragedy, or a marriage in a
comedy.
3. (Geol.) A violent and widely extended
change in the surface of the earth, as, an elevation or
subsidence of some part of it, effected by internal
causes.
Whewell.
Cat`a*stroph"ic (?), a. Of a
pertaining to a catastrophe.
B. Powell.
Ca*tas"tro*phism (?), n.
(Geol.) The doctrine that the geological changes
in the earth's crust have been caused by the sudden action of
violent physical causes; -- opposed to the doctrine of
uniformism.
Ca*tas"tro*phist (?), n.
(Geol.) One who holds the theory or
catastrophism.
Ca*taw"ba (?), n. 1. A
well known light red variety of American grape.
2. A light-colored, sprightly American wine from
the Catawba grape.
Ca*taw"bas (?), n. pl.;
sing. Catawba. (Ethnol.) An
appalachian tribe of Indians which originally inhabited the
regions near the Catawba river and the head waters of the
Santee.
Cat"bird (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An American bird (Galeoscoptes
Carolinensis), allied to the mocking bird, and like it
capable of imitating the notes of other birds, but less
perfectly. Its note resembles at times the mewing of a cat.
Cat"boat` (?), n. (Naut.)
A small sailboat, with a single mast placed as far forward
as possible, carring a sail extended by a graff and long boom.
See Illustration in Appendix.
Cat"call` (?), n. A sound like
the cry of a cat, such as is made in playhouses to express
dissatisfaction with a play; also, a small shrill instrument for
making such a noise.
Upon the rising of the curtain. I was very much surprised with
the great consort of catcalls which was exhibited.
Addison.
Catch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Caught (?)
Catched (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Catching. Catched is rarely
used.] [OE. cacchen, OF.
cachier, dialectic form of chacier to hunt,
F. chasser, fr. (assumend) LL. captiare,
for L. capture, V. intens. of capere to
take, catch. See Capacious, and cf. Chase,
Case a box.]
1. To lay hold on; to seize, especially with the
hand; to grasp (anything) in motion, with the effect of holding;
as, to catch a ball.
2. To seize after pursuing; to arrest; as, to
catch a thief. \'bdThey pursued . . . and
caught him.\'b8
Judg. i. 6.
3. To take captive, as in a snare or net, or on a
hook; as, to catch a bird or fish.
4. Hence: To insnare; to entangle. \'bdTo
catch him in his words\'b8.
Mark xii. 13.
5. To seize with the senses or the mind; to
apprehend; as, to catch a melody. \'bdFiery
thoughts . . . whereof I catch the issue.\'b8
Tennyson.
6. To communicate to; to fasten upon; as, the
fire caught the adjoining building.
7. To engage and attach; to please; to charm.
The soothing arts that catch the fair.
Dryden.
8. To get possession of; to attain.
Torment myself to catch the English throne.
Shak.
9. To take or receive; esp. to take by sympathy,
contagion, infection, or exposure; as, to catch the
spirit of an occasion; to catch the measles or smallpox;
to catch cold; the house caught
fire.
10. To come upon unexpectedly or by surprise; to
find; as, to catch one in the act of
stealing.
11. To reach in time; to come up with; as, to
catch a train.
To catch fire, to become inflamed or
ignited. -- to catch it to get a scolding or
beating; to suffer punishment. [Colloq.] --
To catch one's eye, to interrupt captiously while
speaking. [Colloq.] \'bdYou catch me
up so very short.\'b8 Dickens. -- To catch
up, to snatch; to take up suddenly.
Catch (?), v. i. 1. To
attain possession. [Obs.]
Have is have, however men do catch.
Shak.
2. To be held or impeded by entanglement or a light
obstruction; as, a kite catches in a tree; a door
catches so as not to open.
3. To take hold; as, the bolt does not
catch.
4. To spread by, or as by, infecting; to
communicate.
Does the sedition catch from man to man?
Addison.
To catch at, to attempt to seize; to be egger
to get or use. \'bd[To] catch at all opportunities of
subverting the state.\'b8 Addison. -- To catch
up with, to come up with; to overtake.
Catch, n. 1. Act of seizing; a
grasp.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. That by which anything is caught or temporarily
fastened; as, the catch of a gate.
3. The posture of seizing; a state of preparation
to lay hold of, or of watching he opportunity to seize; as,
to lie on the catch. [Archaic]
Addison.
The common and the canon law . . . lie at catch,
and wait advantages one againt another.
T. Fuller.
4. That which is caught or taken; profit; gain;
especially, the whole quantity caught or taken at one time;
as, a good catch of fish.
Hector shall have a great catch if he knock out
either of your brains.
Shak.
5. Something desirable to be caught, esp. a husband
or wife in matrimony. [Colloq.]
Marryat.
6. pl. Passing opportunities seized;
snatches.
It has been writ by catches with many
intervals.
Locke.
7. A slight remembrance; a trace.
We retain a catch of those pretty stories.
Glanvill.
8. (Mus.) A humorous canon or round, so
contrived that the singers catch up each other's words.
Catch"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being caught. [R.]
Catch"-ba`sin (?), n. A cistern
or vault at the point where a street gutter discharges into a
sewer, to oatch bulky matters which would not pass readly
throught the sewer.
Knight.
Catch"drain` (?), n. A dich or
drain along the side of a hill to catch the surface water; also,
a ditch at the side of a canal to catch the surplus water.
Catch"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, catches.
2. (Baseball) The player who stands
behind the batsman to catch the ball.
Catch"fly (?), n. (Bot.)
A plant with the joints of the stem, and sometimes other
parts, covered with a viscid secretion to which small insects
adhere. The species of Silene are examples of the
catchfly.
Catch"ing a. 1. Infections;
contagious.
2. Captavating; alluring.
Catch"ing, n. The act of seizing or
taking hold of
Catching bargain (Law), a bargain
made with an heir expectant for the purchase of his expectancy at
an inadequate price.
Bouvier.
Catch"-mead`ow (?), n. meadow
irrigated by water from a spring or rivulet on the side of
hill.
Catch"ment (?), n. A surface of
ground on which water may be caught and collected into a
reservoir.
Catch"pen*ny (?), a. Made or
contrived for getting small sums of money from the ignorant or
unwary; as, a catchpenny book; a catchpenny
show. -- n. Some worthless
catchpenny thing.
Catch"poll` (?), n. [OF.
chacepol, chacipol.] A bailiff's
assistant.
{ Catch"up (?), Cat"sup
(?) }, n. [Probably of East Indian
origin, because it was originally a kind of East Indian
pickles.] A table sauce made from mushrooms, tomatoes,
walnuts, etc. [Written also
ketchup.]
Catch"wa`ter (?), n. A ditch or
drain for catching water. See Catchdrain.
Catch"weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) See Cleavers.
Catch"weight` (?), adv.
(Horseracing) Without any additional weight;
without being handicapped; as, to ride
catchweight.
Catch"word` (?), n. 1.
Among theatrical performers, the last word of the preceding
speaker, which reminds one that he is to speak next; cue.
2. (Print.) The first word of any page
of a book after the first, inserted at the right hand bottom
corner of the preceding page for the assistance of the reader. It
is seldom used in modern printing.
3. A word or phrase caught up and repeated for
effect; as, the catchword of a political party,
etc.
Catch"work` (?), n. A work or
artificial watercourse for throwing water on lands that lie on
the slopes of hills; a catchdrain.
Cate (?), n. Food.
[Obs.] See Cates.
{ Cat`e*chet"ic (?),
Cat`e*chet"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. Catechise.] Relating to or
consisting in, asking questions and receiving answers, according
to the ancient manner of teaching.
Socrates introduced a catechetical method of
arguing.
Addison.
Cat`e*chet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
catechetical manner; by question and answer.
Cat`e*chet"ics (?), n. The
science or practice of instructing by questions and
answers.
Cat"e*chin (?), n.
(Chem.) One of the tannic acids, extracted from
catechu as a white, crystaline substance; -- called also
catechuic acid, and
catechuin.
Cat`e*chi*sa"tion (?), n. [LL.
catechizatio.] The act of
catechising.
Cat"e*chise (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Catechised
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Catechising.] [L.
catechizare, Gr.
1. To instruct by asking questions, receiving
answeres, and offering explanations and corrections, -- esp. in
regard to points of religious faith.
2. To question or interrogate; to examine or try by
questions; -- sometimes with a view to reproof, by eliciting from
a person answers which condemn his own conduct.
Swift.
<-- p. 227 -->
Cat"e*chi`ser (?), n. One who
catechises.
Cat"e*chism (?), n. [L.
catechismus, fr. Gr. See Catechise.]
1. A form of instruction by means of questions
answers.
2. A book containing a summary of principles,
especially of religious doctrine, reduced to the form of
questions and answers.
The Jews, even till this day, have their
catechisms.
Hooker.
The Larger Catechism, The Shorter
Catechism. See Westminster
Assembly, under Assembly.
Cat`e*chis"mal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a catechism, having the form of questions and
answers; catechical.
Cat"e*chist (?), n. [L.
catechista, fr. Gr.] One who instructs by
question and answer, especially in religions matters.
{ Cat`e*chis"tic (?),
Cat`e*chis"tic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to a catechist or to a catechism.
Dr. H. More.
Cat"e*chize, v. t. See
Catechise.
Cat"e*chu (?), n. [See
Cashoo.] (Chem.) A dry, brown,
astringent extract, obtained by decoction and evaporation from
the Acacia catechu, and several other plants growing
in India. It contains a large portion of tannin or tannic acid,
and is used in medicine and in the arts. It is also known by the
names terra japonica, cutch,
gambier, etc.
Ure. Dunglison.
Cat`e*chu"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to catechu or its derivatives. See
catechin.
Cat"e*chu`men (?), n. [L.
catechunenus, Gr.
Catechise.] (Eccl.) One who is
receiving rudimentary instruction in the doctrines of
Christianity; a neophyte; in the primitive church, one officially
recognized as a Christian, and admitted to instruction
preliminary to admission to full membership in the church.
Cat`e*chu"men*ate (?), n. The
state or condition of a catechumen or the time during which one
is a catechumen.
Cat`e*chu*men"i*cal (?), a. Of
or pertaining to catechumens; as, catechumenical
instructions.
Cat`e*chu"men*ist, n. A
catechumen.
Bp. Morton.
Cat`e*gor`e*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr.
Category.] (Logic.)
Capable of being employed by itself as a term; -- said of a
word.
Cat`e*gor"ic*al (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to a category.
2. Not hypothetical or relative; admitting no
conditions or exceptions; declarative; absolute; positive;
express; as, a categorical proposition, or
answer.
The scriptures by a multitude of categorical and
intelligible decisions . . . distinguish between the things seen
and temporal and those that are unseen and eternal.
I. Taylor.
Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ly, adv. Absolutely;
directly; expressly; positively; as, to affirm
categorically.
Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of
being categorical, positive, or absolute.
A. Marvell.
Cat"e*go*rist (?), n. One who
inserts in a category or list; one who classifies.
Emerson.
Cat"e*go*rize (?), v. t. To
insert in a category or list; to class; to catalogue.
Cat"e*go*ry (?), n.; pl.
Categories (#) [L. categoria,
Gr. 1.
(Logic.) One of the highest classes to which the
objects of knowledge or thought can be reduced, and by which they
can be arranged in a system; an ultimate or undecomposable
conception; a predicament.
The categories or predicaments -- the former a
Greek word, the latter its literal translation in the Latin
language -- were intended by Aristotle and his followers as an
enumeration of all things capable of being named; an enumeration
by the summa genera i.e., the most extensive classes
into which things could be distributed.
J. S. Mill.
2. Class; also, state, condition, or predicament;
as, we are both in the same category.
There is in modern literature a whole class of writers
standing within the same category.
De Quincey.
Cat"el (?), n. [See
Chattel.] Property; -- often used by Chaucer
in contrast with rent, or income.
\'bdFor loss of catel may recovered be,
But loss of tyme shendeth us,\'b8 quod he.
Chaucer.
Cat`e*lec"trode (?), n. [Pref.
cata + elecrode.] (Physics) The
negative electrode or pole of a voltaic battery.
Faraday.
Cat`e*lec`tro*ton"ic (?), a.
(Physics) Relating to, or characterized by,
catelectrotonus.
\'d8Cat`e*lec*trot"o*nus (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. Electro-) + (Physics) The condition of increased
irritability of a nerve in the region of the cathode or negative
electrode, on the passage of a current of electricity through
it.
\'d8Ca*te"na (?), n.; pl.
Catene (#). [L., a chain.]
A chain or series of things connected with each other.
I have . . . in no case sought to construct those
caten\'91 of games, which it seems now the fashion of
commentators to link together.
C. J. Ellicott.
{ Cat"e*na*ry (?), Cat`e*na"ri*an
(?), } a. [L.
catenarius, fr. catena a chain. See
Chain.] Relating to a chain; like a chain;
as, a catenary curve.
Cat"e*na*ry, n.; pl. Catenaries
(. (Geol.) The curve formed by
a rope or chain of uniform density and perfect flexibility,
hanging freely between two points of suspension, not in the same
vertical line.
Cat"e*nate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Catenated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Catenating.] [L.
catenatus, p. p. of catenare, fr.
catena chain. See Chain.] To
connect, in a series of links or ties; to chain.
E. Darwin.
Cat`e*na"tion (?), n. [L.
catenatio.] Connection of links or union of
parts, as in a chain; a regular or connected series. See
Concatenation.
Sir T. Browne.
Ca*ten"u*late (?), a. [L.
catenuia, dim. of catena chain.]
1. Consisting of little links or chains.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Chainlike; -- said both or
color marks and of indentations when arranged like the links of a
chain, as on shells, etc.
Ca"ter (?), n. [OE.
catour purchaser, caterer, OF. acator, fr.
acater, F. acheter, to buy, provide, fr.
LL. accaptare; L. ad + captare to strive,
to seize, intens, of capere to take, seize. Cf.
Acater, Capacious.] A provider; a
purveyor; a caterer. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ca"ter, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Catered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Catering.] [From
Cater, n.] 1. To provide
food; to buy, procure, or prepare provisions.
[He] providently caters for the sparrow.
Shak.
2. By extension: To supply what is needed or
desired, at theatrical or musical entertainments; -- followed by
for or to.
Ca"ter, n. [F. quatre
four.] The four of cards or dice.
Ca"ter, v. t. To cut diagonally.
[Obs.]
Halliwell.
Cat"e*ran (?), n. [Gael.
ceatharnach. Cf. Kern Irish foot
soldier.] A Highland robber: a kind of irregular
soldier. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Ca"ter-cor"nered (?), a. [Cf.
Cater to cut diagonally.] Diagonal.
[Colloq.]
Ca"ter-cous`in (?), n. A remote
relation. See Quater-cousin.
Shak.
Ca"ter*er (?), n. One who
caters.
The little fowls in the air have God for Their provider and
caterer.
Shelton.
Ca"ter*ess, n. A woman who caters.
Milton.
Cat"er*pil`lar (?), n. [OE.
catyrpel, corrupted fr. OF. chatepelouse,
or cate pelue, fr. chate, F.
chatte, she-cat, fem. of chat, L.
catus + L. pilosus hairy, or F.
pelu hairy, fr. L. pilus hair. See
Cat, and Pile hair.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The larval state of a butterfly or any
lepidopterous insect; sometimes, but less commonly, the larval
state of other insects, as the sawflies, which are also called
false caterpillars. The true caterpillars have three pairs of
true legs, and several pairs of abdominal fleshy legs (prolegs)
armed with hooks. Some are hairy, others naked. They usually feed
on leaves, fruit, and succulent vegetables, being often very
destructive, Many of them are popularly called worms, as the
cutworm, cankerworm, army worm, cotton worm, silkworm.
2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Scorpiurus, with pods resembling caterpillars.
Caterpillar catcher, Caterpillar
eater (Zo\'94l.), a bird belonging to
the family of Shrikes, which feeds on caterpillars. The name is
also given to several other birds. -- Caterpillar
hunter (Zo\'94l.), any species of beetles of
the genus Callosoma and other allied genera of the
family Carabid\'91 which feed habitually upon
caterpillars.
Cat"er*waul (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Caterwauled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caterwauling.] [Cat +
waul, wawl, to cry as a cat.] To
cry as cats in rutting time; to make a harsh, offensive
noise.
Coleridge.
Cat"er*waul, n. A caterwauling.
Cat"er*waul`ing, n. The cry of cats; a
harsh, disagreeable noise or cry like the cry of cats.
Shak.
Ca"ter*y (?), n. [See
Cater, n.] The place where
provisions are deposited. [Obs.]
Cates (?), n. pl. [Cf.
Acates, and see Cater, n.]
Provisions; food; viands; especially, luxurious food;
delicacies; dainties.
Shak.
Cates for which Apicius could not pay.
Shurchill.
Choicest cates and the fiagon's best spilth.
R. Browning.
Cat"-eyed` (?), a. Having eyes
like a cat; hence, able to see in the dark.
Cat"fall` (?), n. (Naut.)
A rope used in hoisting the anchor to the cathead.
Totten.
Cat"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A name given in the United States to
various species of siluroid fishes; as, the yellow
cat (Amiurus natalis); the bind cat
(Gronias nigrilabrus); the mud cat
(Pilodictic oilwaris), the stone cat
(Noturus flavus); the sea cat (Arius
felis), etc. This name is also sometimes applied to
the wolf fish. See Bullhrad.
Cat"gut` (?), n.
[Cat + gut.] 1. A
cord of great toughness made from the intestines of animals, esp.
of sheep, used for strings of musical instruments, etc.
2. A sort of linen or canvas, with wide
interstices.
Cath"a*rine wheel` (?). See catherine
wheel.
Cath"a*rist (?), n. [LL.
catharista, fr. Gr. One
aiming at or pretending to a greater purity of like than others
about him; -- applied to persons of various sects. See
Albigenses.
Cat"-harp`in (?), n. See
Cat-harping.
Cat"-harp`ing n. (Naut.) One
of the short ropes or iron cramps used to brace in the shrouds
toward the masts so a to give freer sweep to the yards.
\'d8Ca*thar"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. Cathartic.] (Med.)
A natural or artificial purgation of any passage, as of the
mouth, bowels, etc.
{ Ca*thar"tic (?), Ca*thar"ic*al
(?), } a. [Gr. chaste.]
1. (Med.) Cleansing the bowels;
promoting evacuations by stool; purgative.
2. Of or pertaining to the purgative principle of
senna, as cathartic acid.
Ca*thar"tic, n. [Gr.
(Med.) A medicine that promotes alvine
discharges; a purge; a purgative of moderate activity.
cathartics are more energetic and
certain in action that the laxatives, which simply
increase the tendency to alvine evacuation; and less powerful and
irritaint that the drastic purges, which cause
profuse, repeated, and watery evacuations.
-- Ca*thar"tic*al*ly, adv. --
Ca*thar"tic*al*ness, n.
ca*thar"tin (?), n.
(Chem.) The bitter, purgative principle of senna.
It is a glucoside with the properties of a weak acid; -- called
also cathartic acid, and
cathartina.
Ca*thay" (?), n. China; -- an
old name for the Celestial Empire, said have been introduced by
Marco Polo and to be a corruption of the Tartar name for North
China (Khitai, the country of the Khitans.)
Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of
Cathay.
Tennyson.
Cat"head` (?), n. (Naut.)
A projecting piece of timber or iron near the bow of vessel,
to which the anchor is hoisted and secured.
\'d8Cath"e*dra (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. Chair.] The official chair
or throne of a bishop, or of any person in high authority.
Ex cathedra [L., from the chair],
in the exercise of one's office; with authority.
The Vatican Council declares that the Pope, is infallible
\'bdwhen he speaks ex cathedra.\'b8
Addis & Arnold's Cath. Dict.
Ca*the"dral (?), n. [LL.
cathedralis (sc. ecclesia): cf. F.
cath\'82drale. See Cathedra.] The
principal church in a diocese, so called because in it the bishop
has his official chair (Cathedra) or throne.
Ca*the"dral, a. [LL.
cathedralis: cf. F. cath\'82dral.]
1. Pertaining to the head church of a diocese;
as, a cathedral church; cathedral
service.
2. Emanating from the chair of office, as of a pope
or bishop; official; authoritative.
Now, what solemnity can be more required for the pope to make
a cathedral determination of an article!
Jer. Taylor.
3. Resembling the aisles of a cathedral; as,
cathedral walks.
Pope.
Cath`e*dral"ic (?), a.
Cathedral. [R.]
Cath`e*dra"ted (?), a. [From
Cathedra.] Relating to the chair or office of
a teacher. [Obs.]
Cath`e*ret"ic (?), n. [Gr.
(Med.) A mild kind caustic used to reduce warts
and other excrescences.
Dunglison.
Cath"er*ine wheel` (?). [So called from
St. Catherine of Alexandria, who is represented with a
wheel, in allusion to her martyrdom.]
1. (Geoth.Arth.) Same as Rose
window and Wheel window. Called also
Catherine-wheel window.
2. (Pyrotechny) A revolving piece of
fireworks resembling in form the window of the same name.
[Written also Catharine wheel.]
Cath"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
(Med.) The
name of various instruments for passing along mucous canals, esp.
applied to a tubular instrument to be introduced into the bladder
through the urethra to draw off the urine.
Eustachian catheter. See under
Eustachian. -- Prostatic catheter,
one adapted for passing an enlarged prostate.
{ Cath"e*ter*ism (?),
Cath`e*ter*i*za"tion (?), } n.
(Med.) The operation of introducing a
catheter.
Cath"e*ter*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Catheterized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Catheterizing.] (Med.) To
operate on with a catheter.
Dunglison.
Cath`e*tom"e*ter (?), n. [From
Gr. -meter.] An
instrument for the accurate measurement of small differences of
height; esp. of the differences in the height of the upper
surfaces of two columns of mercury or other fluid, or of the same
column at different times. It consists of a telescopic leveling
apparatus (d), which slides up or down a perpendicular
metallic standard very finely graduated (bb). The
telescope is raised or depressed in order to sight the objects or
surfaces, and the differences in vertical height are thus shown
on the graduated standard. [Written also
kathetometer.]
\'d8Cath"e*tus (?), n.; pl.
catheti (#). [L., fr. Gr. Catheter.] (Geom.) One line or
radius falling perpendicularly on another; as, the
catheti of a right-angled triangle, that is, the two
sides that include the right angle.
Barlow.
Cath"ode (?), n. [Gr. (Physics) The
part of a voltaic battery by which the electric current leaves
substances through which it passes, or the surface at which the
electric current passes out of the electrolyte; the negative
pole; -- opposed to anode.
Faraday.
Cathode ray (Phys.), a kind of ray
generated at the cathode in a vacuum tube, by the electrical
discharge<-- X-ray -->.
Ca*thod"ic (?), a.
(Physiol.) A term applied to the centrifugal, or
efferent course of the nervous infuence.
Marshall Hall.
Cat"-hole` (?), n.
(Naut.) One of two small holes astern, above the
gunroom ports, through which hawsers may be passed.
<-- p. 228 -->
Cath"o*lic (?), a. [L.
catholicus, Gr. solid: cf. F.
catholique.] 1. Universal or
general; as, the catholic faith.
Men of other countries [came] to bear their part in so great
and catholic a war.
Southey.
2. Not narrow-minded, partial, or bigoted; liberal;
as, catholic tastes.
3. Of or pertaining to, or affecting the Roman
Catholics; as, the Catholic emancipation
act.
Catholic epistles, the espistles of the
apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to a
particular church; being those of James, Peter, Jude, and
John.
Cath"o*lic, n. 1. A person who
accepts the creeds which are received in common by all parts of
the orthodox Christian church.
2. An adherent of the Roman Catholic church; a
Roman Catholic.
Old Catholic, the name assumed in 1870 by
members of the Roman Catholic church, who denied the ecumenical
character of the Vatican Council, and Rejected its decrees, esp.
that concerning the infallibility of the pope, as contrary to the
ancient Catholic faith.
Ca*thol"i*cal (?), a.
Catholic. [Obs.]
Ca*thol"i*cism (?), n. [Cf. F.
catholicisme.]
1. The state or quality of being catholic or
universal; catholicity.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Liberality of sentiment; breadth of view.
3. The faith of the whole orthodox Christian
church, or adherence thereto.
4. The doctrines or faith of the Roman Catholic
church, or adherence thereto.
Cath`o*lic"i*ty (?), n. 1.
The state or quality of being catholic; universality.
2. Liberality of sentiments; catholicism.
3. Adherence or conformity to the system of
doctrine held by all parts of the orthodox Christian church; the
doctrine so held; orthodoxy.
4. Adherence to the doctrines of the church of
Rome, or the doctrines themselves.
Ca*thol"i*cize (?), v. t. & i.
To make or to become catholic or Roman Catholic.
Cath"o*lic*ly (?), adv. In a
catholic manner; generally; universally.
Sir L. Cary.
Cath"o*lic*ness, n. The quality of being
catholic; universality; catholicity.
Ca*thol"i*con (?), n. [Gr. Catholic.]
(Med.) A remedy for all diseases; a
panacea.
\'d8Ca*thol"i*cos (?), n. [NL.
See Catholic.] (Eccl.) The
spiritual head of the Armenian church, who resides at
Etchmiadzin, Russia, and has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over,
and consecrates the holy oil for, the Armenians of Russia,
Turkey, and Persia, including the Patriarchs of Constantinople,
Jerusalem, and Sis.
civil head of the Armenians in Turkey.
Cat`i*li*na"ri*an (?), a. [L.
Catilinarius.] Pertaining to Catiline, the
Roman conspirator; resembling Catiline's conspiracy.
Cat"i*on (?), n. [Gr. p. pr. of (Chem.) An electro-positive substance,
which in electro-decomposition is evolved at the cathode; --
opposed to anion.
Faraday.
Cat"kin (?), n. [Cat
+ -kin.] (Bot.) An ament; a
species of inflorescence, consisting of a slender axis with many
unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and
poplar, and (as to the staminate flowers) in the chestnut, oak,
hickory, etc. -- so called from its resemblance to a cat's tail.
See Illust. of Ament.
Cat"like` (?), a. Like a cat;
stealthily; noiselessly.
Cat"ling (?), n.
[Cat + -ing.] 1. A
little cat; a kitten. \'bdCat nor catling.\'b8
Drummond.
2. Catgut; a catgut string. [R.]
Shak.
3. (Surg.) A double-edged, sharp-pointed
dismembering knife. [Spelt also
catlin.]
Crobb.
Cat"lin*ite (?), n. [From
George Catlin, an American traveler.] A red
clay from the Upper Missouri region, used by the Indians for
their pipes.
{ Cat"nip` (?), Cat"mint`
(?), } n. (Bot.) A
well-know plant of the genus Nepeta (N.
Cataria), somewhat like mint, having a string scent, and
sometimes used in medicine. It is so called because cats have a
peculiar fondness for it.
Cat`o-ca*thar"tic (?), n. [Gr.
Cathartic.]
(Med.) A remedy that purges by alvine
discharges.
Ca*to"ni*an (?), a. [L.
Catonionus.] Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, the stern old Roman, Cato the Censor; severe;
inflexible.
Cat" o' nine" tails`. See under Cat.
{ Ca*top"ter (?), Ca*top"tron
(?), } n. [Gr. A reflecting optical glass or instrument; a
mirror. [Obs.]
{ Ca*top"tric (?), Ca*top"tric*al
(?), } a. [Gr. Catopter.] Of or pertaining to catoptrics;
produced by reflection.
Catoptric light, a light in which the rays are
concentrated by reflectors into a beam visible at a
distance.
Ca*top"trics (?), n. [Cf. F.
catoptrique. See Catropric.]
(Physics) That part of optics which explants the
properties and phenomena of reflected light, and particularly
that which is reflected from mirrors or polished bodies; \'c3-
formerly caled anacamptics.
Ca*top"tro*man`cy (?), n. [Gr.
-mancy. See Catopter.]
(Antiq.) A species of divination, which was
perforned by letting down a mirror into water, for a sick person
to look at his face in it. If his countenance appeared distorted
and ghastly, it was an ill omen; if fresh and healthy, it was
favorable.
Ca*top"ron (?), n.
[Obs.] See Catopter.
Cat`pipe" (?), n. See
Catcall.
Cat"-rigged` (?), a. Rigged
like a catboat.
Cat"-salt` (?), n. A sort of
salt, finely granulated, formed out of the bittern or leach
brine.
Cat's"-eye` (?), n.
(Min.) A variety of quartz or chalcedony,
exhibiting opalescent reflections from within, like the eye of a
cat. The mane is given to other gems affording like effects, esp.
the chrysoberyl.
Cat's`-foot (?), n.
(Bot.) A plant (Nepeta Glechoma) of
the same genus with catnip; ground ivy.
Cat"-sil`ver (?), n.
Mica. [Archaic]
Cats"kill pe`ri*od (?). (Geol.)
The closing subdivision of the Devonian age in America. The
rocks of this period are well developed in the Catskill
mountains, and extend south and west under the Carboniferous
formation. See the Diagram under Geology.
Cat"so (?), n.; pl.
Catsos (#). [It.
cazzo.] A base fellow; a rogue; a
cheat. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Cat's"-paw` (?), n. 1.
(Naut.) (a) A light transitory air which
ruffles the surface of the water during a calm, or the ripples
made by such a puff of air. (b) A particular
hitch or turn in the bight of a rope, into which a tackle may be
hooked.
2. A dupe; a tool; one who, or that which, is used
by another as an instrument to a accomplish his purposes.
Cat's"-tail (?), n. See
Timothy, Cat-tail, Cirrus.
Cat"stick` (?), n. A stick or
club employed in the game of ball called cat or
tipcat.
Massinger.
Cat"stitch (?), v. t.
(Needlework) To fold and sew down the edge of
with a coarse zigzag stitch.
Cat"sup (?), n. Same as
Catchup, and Ketchup.
Cat"-tail (?), n. (Bot.)
A tall rush or flag (Typha latifolia) growing in
marshes, with long, glat leaves, and having its flowers in a
close cylindrical spike at the top of the stem. The leaves are
frequently used for seating chairs, making mats, etc. See
Catkin.
lesser cat-tail is Typha
angustifolia.
Cat"tish (?), a. Catlike;
feline
Drummond.
Cat"tle (?), n. pl. [OE.
calet, chatel, goods, property, OF.
catel, chatel, LL. captale,
capitale, goods, property, esp. cattle, fr. L.
capitals relating to the head, chief; because in early
ages beasts constituted the chief part of a man's property. See
Capital, and cf. Chattel.]
Quadrupeds of the Bovine family; sometimes, also, including
all domestic quadrupeds, as sheep, goats, horses, mules, asses,
and swine.
Belted cattle, Black
cattle. See under Belted,
Black. -- Cattle guard, a trench
under a railroad track and alongside a crossing (as of a public
highway). It is intended to prevent cattle from getting upon the
track. -- cattle louse (Zo\'94l.),
any species of louse infecting cattle. There are several
species. The H\'91matatopinus eurysternus and H.
vituli are common species which suck blood;
Trichodectes scalaris eats the hair. --
Cattle plague, the rinderpest; called also
Russian cattle plague. --
Cattle range, Cattle run,
an open space through which cattle may run or range.
[U. S.] Bartlett. -- Cattle
show, an exhibition of domestic animals with prizes for
the encouragement of stock breeding; -- usually accompanied with
the exhibition of other agricultural and domestic products and of
implements.
Cat"ty (?), n. [Malay
kat\'c6. See Caddy.] An East
Indian Weight of 1\'a7 pounds.
Cau*ca"sian (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to the Caucasus, a mountainous region
between the Black and Caspian seas.
2. Of or pertaining to the white races of mankind,
of whom the people about Mount Caucasus were formerly taken as
the type.
Cau*ca"sian, n. 1. A native or
inhabitant of the Caucasus, esp. a Circassian or Georgian.
2. A member of any of the white races of
mankind.
Cau"cus (?), n. [Etymology
uncertain. Mr. J. H. Trumbull finds the origin of
caucus in the N. A. Indian word
cawcawwassough or ca\'a3 cau-as'u one who
urges or pushes on, a promoter. See citation for an early use of
the word caucus.] A meeting, especially a
preliminary meeting, of persons belonging to a party, to nominate
candidates for public office, or to select delegates to a
nominating convention, or to confer regarding measures of party
policy; a political primary meeting.
This day learned that the caucus club meets, at
certain times, in the garret of Tom Dawes, the adjutant of the
Boston regiment.
John Adams's Diary [Feb. , 1763].
Cau"cus, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Caucused (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Caucusing.] To hold, or meet
in, a caucus or caucuses.
Cau"dad (?), adv. [L.
cauda tail + ad to.]
(Zo\'94l.) Backwards; toward the tail or
posterior part.
\'d8Cau"da gal*li, (. [L., tail of a
cock.] (Paleon.) A plume-shaped fossil,
supposed to be a seaweed, characteristic of the lower Devonian
rocks; as, the cauda galli grit.
Gauda galli epoch (Geol.), an epoch
at the begining of the Devonian age in eastern America, so named
from the characteristic gritty sandstone marked with impressions
of cauda galli. See the Diagram under
Geology.
Cau"dal (?), a. [L.
Cauda tail. Cf. Coward.] Of the
nature of, or pertaining to, a tail; having a tail-like
appendage.
The male widow-bird, remarkable for his caudal
plumes.
Darwin.
Caudal fin (Zo\'94l.), the terminal
fin (or \'bdtail\'b8) of a fish.
\'d8Cau*da"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. L. cauda tail.] (Zo\'94l.)
See Urodela.
{ Cau"date (?), Cau"da*ted
(?). } a. [L. cauda
tail.] Having a taill; having a termination like a
tail.
\'d8Cau"dex (?), n.; pl. L.
Caudices (#), E. Caudexes
(#). [L.] (Bot.) The
sterm of a tree., esp. a sterm without a branch, as of a palm or
a tree fern; also, the pernnial rootstock of an herbaceous
plant.
{ Cau"di*cle (?),
\'d8Cau*dic"u*la (?), } n.
[Dim. of L. cauda tail, appendage.]
(Bot.) A slender, elastic process, to which the
masses of pollen in orchidaceous plants are attached.
Cau"dle (?), n. [OF.
caudel, F. chaudeau, dim. of LL
calidum a sweet drink, fr. L. caidus warm.
See Caldron.] A kind of warm drink for sick
persons, being a mixture of wine with eggs, bread, sugar, and
spices.
Cau"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Caudled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Caudling (?).] 1.
To make into caudle.
2. Too serve as a caudle to; to refresh.
[R.]
Shak.
Cauf (?), n. [Perh. akin to
Celtic caff, cav, cau, L.
cavus hollow, or to L. caphinus, Gr. A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in
water.
Philips.
Cau"fle, n. A gung of slaves. Same as
Coffle.
Caught (?), imp. & p. p. f
Catch.
{ Cauk (?), n.,
Cauk"er (?), } n. See
Cawk, Calker.
Caul (?), n. [OE.
calle, kelle, prob. fr. F. cale;
cf. Ir. calla a veil.] 1. A
covering of network for the head, worn by women; also, a
net.
Spenser.
2. (Anat.) The fold of membrane loaded
with fat, which covers more or less of the intestines in mammals;
the great omentum See Omentum.
The caul serves for warming of the lower belly.
Ray.
3. A part of the amnion, one of the membranes
enveloping the fetus, which sometimes is round the head of a
child at its birth.
It is deemed lucky to be with a caul or membrane
over the face. This caul is esteemed an infallible
preservative against drowning . . . According to Chysostom, the
midwives frequently sold it for magic uses.
Grose.
I was born with a caul, which was advertised for
sale, in the newspapers, at the low price of fifteen guineas.
Dickens.
Cau*les"cent (?), a. [L.
caulis stalk, stem: cf. F.
caulescent.] (Bot.) Having a
leafy stem.
Cau"li*cle (?), n. (Bot.)
A short caulis or stem, esp. the rudimentary stem seen in
the embryo of seed; -- otherwise called a
radicle.
\'d8Cau*lic"u*lus (?), n.;
pl. Cauliculi (#) [L.
caulculus little stalk, dim. of
caulis.] (Arch.) In the
Corinthian capital, one of the eight stalks rising out of the
lower leafage and terminating in leaves which seem to suport the
volutes. See Illust. of Corinthian order, under
Corinthian.
Cau"li*flow`er (?), n. [F.
choufleur, modified by E. Cole. L.
caulis, and by E. flower; F.
chou cabbage is fr. L. caulis stalk,
cabbage, and fleur flower is fr. L. flos
flower. See Cole, and Flower.]
1. (Bot.) An annual variety of
Brassica oleracea, or cabbage of which the cluster of
young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable.
2. The edible head or \'bdcurd\'b8 of a caulifower
plant.
Cau"li*form (?), a. [L.
caulis + -form.] (Bot.)
Having the form of a caulis.
Cau"line (?), a. (Bot.)
Growing immediately on a caulis; of or pertaining to a
caulis.
\'d8Cau"lis (?), n.; L. pl.
Caules (#). [L., a stem.]
(Bot.) An herbaceous or woody stem which bears
leaves, and may bear flowers.
Caulk (?), v. t. & n. See
Calk.
Cau`lo*car"pous (?), a. [Gr.
(Bot.) Having stems
which bear flowers and fruit year after year, as most trees and
shrubs.
\'d8Cau"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
(Med.) Great heat, as
of the body in fever.
Cau"po*nize (?), v. i. [L.
cauponari, fr. caupo huckster,
innkeeper.] To sell wine or victuals.
[Obs.]
Warburfon.
Caus"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being caused.
Caus"al (?), a. [L.
causalis. See Cause.] Relating to
a cause or causes; inplying or containing a cause or causes;
expressing a cause; causative.
Causal propositions are where two propositions are
joined by causal words.
Watts.
Caus"al, n. A causal word or form of
speech.
Anglo-Saxon drencan to drench, causal of
Anglo-Saxon drincan to drink.
Skeat.
Cau*sal"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Causalities (.
1. The agency of a cause; the action or power of a
cause, in producing its effect.
The causality of the divine mind.
Whewell.
2. (Phren.) The faculty of tracing
effects to their causes.
G. Combe.
Caus"al*ly (?), adv. According
to the order or series of causes; by tracing effects to
causes.
Caus"al*ly (?), n.
(Mining.) The lighter, earthy parts of ore,
carried off washing.
Cau*sa"tion (?), n. The act of
causing; also the act or agency by which an effect is
produced.
The kind of causation by which vision is
produced.
Whewell.
Law of universal causation, the theoretical or
asserted law that every event or phenomenon results from, or is
the sequel of, some previous event or phenomenon, which being
present, the other is certain to take place.
Cau*sa"tion*ist, n. One who believes in
the law of universal causation.
Caus"a*tive (?), a. [L.
causativus pertaining to a lawsuit (causa),
but in the English sense from E. cause.]
1. Effective, as a cause or agent; causing.
Causative in nature of a number of effects.
Bacon.
2. Expressing a cause or reason; causal; as,
the ablative is a causative case.
<-- p. 229 -->
Caus"a*tive (?), n. A word
which expresses or suggests a cause.
Caus"a*tive*ly, adv. In a causative
manner.
Cau*sa"tor (?), n. [See
Cause.] One who causes.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cause (?), n. [F.
cause, fr. L. causa. Cf. Cause,
v., Kickshaw.] 1. That
which produces or effects a result; that from which anything
proceeds, and without which it would not exist.
Cause is substance exerting its power into act, to
make one thing begin to be.
Locke.
2. That which is the occasion of an action or
state; ground; reason; motive; as, cause for
rejoicing.
3. Sake; interest; advantage.
[Obs.]
I did it not for his cause.
2 Cor. vii. 12.
4. (Law) A suit or action in court; any
legal process by which a party endeavors to obtain his claim, or
what he regards as his right; case; ground of action.
5. Any subject of discussion or debate; matter;
question; affair in general.
What counsel give you in this weighty cause!
Shak.
6. The side of a question, which is espoused,
advocated, and upheld by a person or party; a principle which is
advocated; that which a person or party seeks to attain.
God befriend us, as our cause is just.
Shak.
The part they take against me is from zeal to the
cause.
Burke.
Efficient cause, the agent or force that
produces a change or redult. -- Final cause,
the end, design, or object, for which anything is done.
-- Formal cause, the elements of a conception
which make the conception or the thing conceived to be what it
is; or the idea viewed as a formative principle and
co\'94perating with the matter. -- Material
cause, that of which anything is made. --
Proximate cause. See under
Proximate. -- To make common cause with,
to join with in purposes and aims.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Origin; source; mainspring; motive; reason;
incitement; inducement; purpose; object; suit; action.
Cause, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Caused (?); p. pr. & v. n.
Causing.] [F. causer, fr.
cause, fr. L. causa. See Cause,
n., and cf. Acouse.] To effect as
an agent; to produce; to be the occasion of; to bring about; to
bring into existence; to make; -- usually followed by an
infinitive, sometimes by that with a finite
verb.
I will cause it to rain upon the earth forty
days.
Gen. vii. 4.
Cause that it be read also in the church of the
Laodiceans.
Col. iv. 16.
Syn. -- To create; produce; beget; effect; occasion;
originate; induce; bring about.
Cause, v. i. To assign or show cause; to
give a reason; to make excuse. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Cause, conj. Abbreviation of
Because.
B. Jonson.
Cause"ful (?), n. Having a
cause. [Obs.]
Cause"less, a. 1. Self-originating;
uncreated.
2. Without just or sufficient reason;
groundless.
My fears are causeless and ungrounded.
Denham.
Cause"less, adv. Without cause or
reason.
Cause"less*ness, n. The state of being
causeless.
Caus"er (?), n. One who or that
which causes.
\'d8Cau`seuse" (?), n. [F., fr.
causer to talk.] A kind of sofa for two
person. A t\'88te-a-t\'88te.
{ Cause"way (?), Cau"sey
(?), } n. [OE. cauci,
cauchie, OF. cauchie, F.
chauss\'82e, from LL. (via)
calciata, fr calciare to make a road,
either fr. L. calx lime, hence, to pave with limestone
(cf. E. chalk), or from L. calceus shoe,
from calx heel, hence, to shoe, pave, or wear by
treading.] A way or road rasid above the natural level
of the ground, serving as a dry passage over wet or marshy
ground.
But that broad causeway will direct your way.
Dryden.
The other way Satan went down
The causey to Hell-gate.
Milton.
{ Cause"wayed (?), Cau"seyed
(?). } a. Having a raised way
(causeway or causey); paved.
Sir W. Scott. C. Bront\'82.
Cau*sid"i*cal (?), a. [L.
causidicakis; causa a cause in law +
dicare to say.] Pertaining to an advocate,
or to the maintenance and defense of suits.
{ Caus"tic (?), Caus"tic*al
(?), } a. [L. caustucs,
Ge. Calm, Ink.]
1. Capable of destroying the texture of anything or
eating away its substance by chemical action; burning; corrosive;
searing.
2. Severe; satirical; sharp; as, a
caustic remark.
Caustic curve (Optics), a curve to
which the ray of light, reflected or refracted by another curve,
are tangents, the reflecting or refracting curve and the luminous
point being in one plane. -- Caustic lime.
See under Lime. -- Caustic
potash, Caustic soda (Chem.),
the solid hydroxides potash, KOH, and soda,
NaOH, or solutions of the same. --
Caustic silver, nitrate of silver, lunar
caustic. -- Caustic surface (Optics),
a surface to which rays reflected or refracted by another
surface are tangents. Caustic curves and surfaces are called
catacaustic when formed by reflection, and
diacaustic when formed by refraction.
Syn. -- Stinging; cutting; pungent; searching.
Cau"stic, n. [L. causticum
(sc. medicamentum). See Caustic,
a.] 1. Any substance or means
which, applied to animal or other organic tissue, burns,
corrodes, or destroys it by chemical action; an escharotic.
2. (Optics) A caustic curve or caustic
surface.
Caus"tic*al*ly, adv. In a caustic
manner.
Caus*tic"i*ly (?), n. 1.
The quality of being caustic; corrosiveness; as, the
causticity of potash.
2. Severity of language; sarcasm; as, the
causticity of a reply or remark.
Caus"tic*ness (?), n. The
quality of being caustic; causticity.
Cau"tel (?), n. [F.
caut\'8ale, L. cautela, fr.
cavere to be on one's guard, to take care.]
1. Caution; prudence; wariness.
[Obs.]
Fulke.
2. Craft; deceit; falseness.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Cau"te*lous (?), a. [F.
cauteleux, LL. cautelosus. See
Cautel.] 1. Caution; prudent;
wary. [Obs.] \'bdCautelous, though
young.\'b8
Drayton.
2. Crafty; deceitful; false.
[Obs.]
Shak.
-- Cau"te*lous*ly, adv. --
Cau"te*lous*ness, n.
[Obs.]
Cau"ter (?), n. [F.
caut\'8are, L. cauterium, fr. Gr. Caustic,
Cautery.] A hot iron for searing or
cauterizing.
Minsheu.
Cau"ter*ant (?), n. A
cauterizing substance.
Cau"ter*ism (?), n. The use or
application of a caustic; cautery.
Ferrand.
Cau`ter*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. caut\'8arisation.] (Med.) The
act of searing some morbid part by the application of a cautery
or caustic; also, the effect of such application.
Cau"ter*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cauterized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cauterizing.] [L.
cauterizare, Gr. caut\'82rised.. See cauter.]
1. To burn or sear with a cautery or caustic.
Dunglison.
2. To sear, as the conscience.
Jer. Taylor.
Cau"ter*y (?), n.; pl.
Cauteries (#). [L.
cauterium, Gr. Cauter.]
1. (Med.) A burning or searing, as of
morbid flesh, with a hot iron, or by application of a caustic
that will burn, corrode, or destroy animal tissue.
2. The iron of other agent in cauterizing.
Actual cautery, a substance or agent (as a hot
iron) which cauterizes or sears by actual heat; or the burning so
effected. -- Potential cautery, a substance
which cauterizes by chemical action; as, lunar caustic;
also, the cauterizing produced by such substance.
Cau"tion (?), n. [F.
caution a security, L. cautio, fr.
cavere (For scavere) to be on one's guard,
to take care (orig.) to be on the watch, see; akin to E.
show.] 1. A careful attention to
the probable effects of an act, in order that failure or harm may
be avoided; prudence in regard to danger; provident care;
wariness.
2. Security; guaranty; bail.
[R.]
The Parliament would yet give his majesty sufficient
caution that the war should be prosecuted.
Clarendon.
3. Precept or warning against evil of any kind;
exhortation to wariness; advice; injunction.
In way of caution I must tell you.
Shak.
Caution money, money deposited by way of
security or guaranty, as by a student at an English
university.
Syn. -- Care; forethought; forecast; heed; prudence;
watchfulness; vigilance; circumspection; anxiety; providence;
counsel; advice; warning; admonition.
Cau"tion v. t. [imp & p.
p. Cautioned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cautioning.] To give notice of
danger to; to warn; to exhort [one] to take heed.
You cautioned me against their charms.
Swift.
Cau"tion*a*ry (?), a. 1.
Conveying a caution, or warning to avoid danger; as,
cautionary signals.
2. Given as a pledge or as security.
He hated Barnevelt, for his getting the cautionary
towns out of his hands.
Bp. Burnet.
3. Wary; cautious. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Cau"tion*er (?), n. 1.
One who cautions or advises.
2. (Scots Law) A surety or
sponsor.
Cau"tion*ry (?), n. (Scots
Law) Suretyship.
Cau"tious (?), a. [Cf. L.
cautus, fr. caver. See
Caution.] Attentive to examine probable
effects and consequences of acts with a view to avoid danger or
misfortune; prudent; circumspect; wary; watchful; as, a
cautious general.
Cautious feeling for another's pain.
Byron.
Be swift to hear; but cautious of your tongue.
Watts.
Syn. -- Wary; watchful; vigilant; prudent; circumspect;
discreet; heedful; thoughtful; scrupulous; anxious;
careful. -- Cautious, Wary,
Circumspect. A man is cautious who realizes
the constant possibility of danger; one may be wary,
and yet bold and active; a man who is circumspect
habitually examines things on every side in order to weigh and
deliberate. It is necessary to be cautious at all
times; to be wary in cases of extraordinary danger; to
be circumspect in matters of peculiar delicacy and
difficulty.
Cau"tious*ly, adv. In a cautious
manner.
Cau"tious*ness, n. The quality of being
cautious.
Cav"al*cade` (?), n. [F.
cavalcade, fr. It. cavalcata, fr.
cavalcare to go on horseback, fr. LL.
caballicare, fr. L. caballus an inferior
horse, Gr. Cavalier, Cavalry.]
A procession of persons on horseback; a formal, pompous
march of horsemen by way of parade.
He brought back war-worn cavalcade to the city.
Prescott.
{ Cav`a*le"ro, Cav`a*lie"ro (?),
} n. [Sp. caballero. See
Cavalier.] A cavalier; a gallant; a
libertine.
Shak.
Cav`a*lier" (?), n. [F.
cavalier, It. cavaliere, LL.
caballarius, fr. L. caballus. See
Cavalcade, and cf. Cavallier,
Caballine.] 1. A military man
serving on horseback; a knight.
2. A gay, sprightly, military man; hence, a
gallant.
3. One of the court party in the time of king
Charles L. as contrasted with a Roundhead or an adherent of
Parliament.
Clarendon.
4. (Fort.) A work of more that ordinary
heigh, rising from the level ground of a bastion, etc., and
overlooking surrounding parts.
Cav`a*lier", a. Gay; easy; offhand;
frank.
The plodding, persevering scupulous accuracy of the one, and
the easy, cavalier, verbal fluency of the other, from
a complete contrast.
Hazlitt.
2. High-spirited. [Obs.] \'bdThe
people are naturally not valiant, and not much
cavalier.\'b8
Suckling.
3. Supercilious; haughty; disdainful; curt;
brusque.
4. Of or pertaining to the party of King Charles
I. \'bdAn old Cavalier family.\'b8
Beaconsfleld.
Cav`a*lier"ish (?), a. Somewhat
like a cavalier.
Cav`a*lier"ism (?), n. The
practice or principles of cavaliers.
Sir. W. Scott.
Cav`a*lier"ly, adv. In a supercilious,
disdainful, or haughty manner; arroganty.
Junius.
Cav`a*lier"ness, n. A disdanful
manner.
Ca*val"ly (?), n. [Cf. Pg.
cavalla a kind of fish; Sp. caballa; prob.
fr. Pg. cavallo horse, Sp. caballa.]
(Zo\'94l.) A carangoid fish of the Atlantic coast
(Caranx hippos): -- called also horse
crevall\'82. [See Illust. under
Carangoid.]
Cav"al*ry (?), n. [F.
cavalerie, fr. It. cavalleria. See
Cavalier, and cf. chivalry.]
(Mil.) That part of military force which serves
on horseback.
Heavy cavalry and light
cavalry are so distinguished by the character of their
armament, and by the size of the men and horses.
Cav"al*ry*man (?), n.; pl.
Cavalrymen (. One of a body of
cavalry.
\'d8Ca`va*ti"na (?), n.
[It.] (Mus.) Originally, a melody of
simpler form than the aria; a song without a second
part and a da capo; -- a term now variously and
vaguely used.
Cave (?), n. [F.
cave, L. cavus hollow, whence
cavea cavity. Cf. Cage.] 1.
A hollow place in the earth, either natural or artificial; a
subterraneous cavity; a cavern; a den.
2. Any hollow place, or part; a cavity.
[Obs.] \'bdThe cave of the ear.\'b8
Bacon.
Cave bear (Zo\'94l.), a very large
fossil bear (Ursus spel\'91us) similar to the grizzly
bear, but large; common in European caves. -- Cave
dweller, a savage of prehistoric times whose dwelling
place was a cave. Tylor. -- Cave hyena
(Zo\'94l.), a fossil hyena found abundanty in
British caves, now usually regarded as a large variety of the
living African spotted hyena. -- Cave lion
(Zo\'94l.), a fossil lion found in the caves of
Europe, believed to be a large variety of the African lion.
-- Bone cave. See under Bone.
Cave, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Caved (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caving.] [Cf. F. caver. See
Cave, n.] To make hollow; to scoop
out. [Obs.]
The mouldred earth cav'd the banke.
Spenser.
Cave, v. i. 1. To dwell in a
cave. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. [See To cave in, below.]
To fall in or down; as, the sand bank
caved. Hence (Slang), to retreat from
a position; to give way; to yield in a disputed matter.
To cave in. [Flem. inkalven.]
(a) To fall in and leave a hollow, as earth on the
side of a well or pit. (b) To submit; to yield.
[Slang]
H. Kingsley.
\'d8Ca"ve*at (?), n. [L.
caved let him beware, pres. subj. of cavere
to be on one's guard to, beware.]
1. (Law) A notice given by an interested
party to some officer not to do a certain act until the party is
heard in opposition; as, a caveat entered in a
probate court to stop the proving of a will or the taking out of
letters of administration, etc.
Bouvier.
2. (U. S. Patent Laws) A description of
some invention, designed to be patented, lodged in the patent
office before the patent right is applied for, and operating as a
bar to the issue of letters patent to any other person,
respecting the same invention.
caveat is operative for one year only,
but may be renewed.
3. Intimation of caution; warning; protest.
We think it right to enter our caveat against a
conclusion.
Jeffrey.
Caveat emptor [L.] (Law),
let the purchaser beware, i. e., let him examine the
article he is buying, and act on his own judgment.
Ca"ve*a`ting (?), n.
(Fencing) Shifting the sword from one side of an
adversary's sword to the other.
Ca"ve*a`tor (?), n. One who
enters a caveat.
Cav"en*dish (?), n. Leaf
tobacco softened, sweetened, and pressed into plugs or
cakes.
Cut cavendish, the plugs cut into long shreds
for smoking.
Cav"ern (?), n. [L.
caverna, fr. cavus hollow: cf. F.
caverne.] A large, deep, hollow place in
the earth; a large cave.
Cav"erned (?), a. 1.
Containing caverns.
The wolves yelled on the caverned hill.
Byron.
2. Living in a cavern.
\'bdCaverned hermit.\'b8
Pope.
Cav"ern*ous (?), a. [L.
cavernosus: cf. F. caverneux.]
1. Full of caverns; resembling a cavern or large
cavity; hollow.
2. Filled with small cavities or cells.
3. Having a sound caused by a cavity.
Cavernous body, a body of erectile tissue with
large interspaces which may be distended with blood, as in the
penis or clitoris. -- Cavernous respiration,
a peculiar respiratory sound andible on auscultation, when
the bronchial tubes communicate with morbid cavities in the
lungs.
Ca*ver"nu*lous (?), a.[L.
cavernula, dim. of caverna cavern.]
Full of little cavities; as, cavernulous
metal.
Black.
{ Cav"es*son (?), Cav"e*zon
(?), } n. [F.
cave\'87on, augm. fr. LL. capitium a head
covering hood, fr. L. caput head. Cf.
Caberzon.] (Man.) A kind of
noseband used in breaking and training horses.
[Written also caveson,
causson.]
White.
\'d8Ca*vet"to (?), n. [It.
cavetto, fr. cavo hollow, L.
cavus.] (Arch.) A concave
molding; -- used chiefly in classical architecture. See
Illust. of Calumn.
{ Ca*viare" (?), Cav"i*ar
(?), } n. [F. caviar,
fr. It. caviale, fr. Turk.
Hav\'c6\'ber.] The roes of the sturgeon,
prepared and salted; -- used as a relish, esp. in Russia.
Caviare was considered a delicacy, by
some, in Shakespeare's time, but was not relished by most. Hence
Hamlet says of a certain play. \'bd'T was caviare to
the general,\'b8 i. e., above the taste of the common
people.
<-- p. 230 -->
Cav"i*corn (?), a. [L.
cavus hollow + cornu horn.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having hollow horns.
\'d8Cav`i*cor"ni*a (?), n.;
pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A
group of ruminants whose horns are hollow, and planted on a bony
process of the front, as the ox.
Cav"il (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Caviled Cavilled (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Caviling Cavilling.] [L.
cavillari to practice jesting, to censure, fr.
cavilla bantering jests, sophistry: cf. OF.
caviller.] To raise captious and frivolous
objections; to find fault without good reason.
You do not well in obstinacy
To cavil in the course of this contract.
Shak.
Cav"il, v. t. To cavil at.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Cav"il, n. A captious or frivolous
objection.
All the cavils of prejudice and unbelief.
Shak.
{ Cav"il Cav"il*er (?),
} n. One who cavils.
Cavilers at the style of the Scriptures.
Boyle.
Cav"il*ing, a. Disposed to cavil;
finding fault without good reason. See Captious.
His depreciatory and caviling criticism.
Lewis.
Cav"il*ing*ly, adb. In a caviling
manner.
Cav`il*la"tion (?), n.[F.
cavillation, L. cavillatio.]
Frivolous or sophistical objection.
[Obs.]
Hooker.
{ Cav"il*ous Cav"il*lous
(?), } a. [L.
cavillosus.] Characterized by caviling, or
disposed to cavil; quibbing. [R.]
-- Cav"il*ous*ly, adv.
[R.] -- Cav"il*ous*ness, n.
[R.]
Cav"in (?), n. [F. See
Cave.] (Mil.) A hollow way,
adapted to cover troops, and facilitate their aproach to a
place.
Farrow.
Cav"i*ta*ry (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Containing a body cavity; as, the
cavitary or nematoid worms.
Cav"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Cavities (#). [L. cavus
hollow: cf. F. cavit\'82.] 1.
Hollowness. [Obs.]
The cavity or hollowness of the place.
Goodwin.
2. A hollow place; a hollow; as, the abdominal
cavity.
An instrument with a small cavity, like a small
spoon
.
Arbuthot.
Abnormal spaces or excavations are frequently formed in the
lungs, which are designated cavities or vomic\'91.
Quain.
Body cavity, the c\'d2lum. See under
Body.
Ca"vo-re*lie"vo (?), n.
Cavo-rilievo.
\'d8Ca"vo-ri*lie"vo (?), n.
[It.] (Sculp.) Hollow relief;
sculpture in relief within a sinking made for the purpose, so no
part of it projects beyond the plain surface around.
Ca*vort" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cavorted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Cavorting.] To
prance ostentatiously; -- said of a horse or his rider.
[Local slang U. S.]
Ca"vy (?), n.; pl.
Cavies (. [NL. cavia, fr.
Brazilian cabiai: cf. F. cabiai.]
(Zo\'94l.) A rodent of the genera
cavia and Dolichotis, as the guinea pig
(Cavia cabaya). Cavies are natives of South
America.
Water cavy (Zo\'94l.), The
capybara.
Caw (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Cawed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cawing.] [Imitative. \'fb22
Cf. Chough.] To cry like a crow, rook, or
raven.
Rising and cawing at the gun's report.
Shak.
Caw, n. The cry made by the crow, rook,
or raven.
Cawk (?), n. [Prov. E.
cauk limestone. A doublet of chalk.]
(Min.) An opaque, compact variety of barite, or
heavy spar. [Also written cauk.]
Cawk"er (?), n. See
Calker.
Cawk"y, a. Of or pertaining to cawk;
like cawk.
Cax"on (?), n. A kind of
wig. [Obs.]
Lamb.
Cax"ton (?), n.
(Bibliog.) Any book printed by William
Caxton, the first English printer.
Hansard.
Cay (?), n. See Key, a
ledge.
Cay*enne (?), n. [From
Cayenne, a town and island in French Guiana, South
America.] Cayenne pepper.
Cayenne pepper. (a) (Bot.)
A species of capsicum (C. frutescens)
with small and intensely pungent fruit. (b) A
very pungent spice made by drying and grinding the fruits or
seeds of several species of the genus Capsicum, esp.
C. annuum and C. Frutescens; -- Called also
red pepper. It is used chiefly as a
condiment.
Cay"man (?), n. [From the
language of Guiana: cf. Sp. caiman.]
(Zo\'94l.) The south America alligator. See
Alligator. [Sometimes written
caiman.]
Ca*yu"gas (?), n. pl.;
sing Cayuga. (Ethnol.) A tribe of
Indians formerly inbabiting western New-York, forming part of the
confederacy called the Five Nations.
Cay*use" (?), n. An Indian
pony. [Northw. U. S.]
{ Ca*zique", Cazic" } (?),
n. [Sp. Cacique, fr. the language of
Hayti.] A chief or petty king among some tribes of
Indians in America.
Cease (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ceased (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Ceasing.]
[OE. cessen, cesen, F.
cesser, fr. L. cessare, v. intemsive fr.
cedere to withdraw. See Cede , and cf.
Cessation.] 1. To come to an end; to
stop; to leave off or give over; to desist; as, the noise
ceased \'bdTo cease from strife.\'b8
Prov. xx. 3.
2. To be wanting; to fail; to pass away.
The poor shall never cease out of the land.
Deut. xv. 11.
Syn. -- To intermit; desist; stop; abstain; quit;
discontinue; refrain; leave off; pause; end.
Cease, v. t. To put a stop to; to bring
to an end.
But he, her fears to cease
Sent down the meek-eyed peace.
Milton.
Cease, then, this impious rage.
Milton
Cease, n. Extinction.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Cease"less, a. Without pause or end;
incessant.
Cease"less, adv. Without intermission or
end.
\'d8Cec`i*do*my"i*a (?), n.
[Nl., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of small dipterous files,
including several very injurious species, as the Hessian fly. See
Hessian fly.
Ce"ci*ty (?), n. [L.
caecitas, fr. caecus blind: cf. F.
c\'82cit\'82.] Blindness.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ce*cu"tien*cy (?), n. [L.
caecutire to be blind, fr. caecus
blind.] Partial blindness, or a tendency to
blindness. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ce"dar (?), n. [AS.
ceder, fr. L. cedrus, Gr.
(Bot.) The name of several evergreen trees. The
wood is remarkable for its durability and fragrant odor.
Cedrus
Libani; the white cedar (Cupressus thyoides) is
now called Cham\'d2cyparis sph\'91roidea; American red
cedar is the Juniperus Virginiana; Spanish cedar, the
West Indian Cedrela odorata. Many other trees with
odoriferous wood are locally called cedar.
Cedar bird (Zo\'94l.), a species of
chatterer (Ampelis cedrarum), so named from its
frequenting cedar trees; -- called also cherry
bird, Canada robin, and
American waxwing.
Ce"dar, a. Of or pertaining to
cedar.
Ce"dared (?), a. Covered, or
furnished with, cedars.
Ce"darn (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the cedar or its wood. [R.]
Cede (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ceded; p. pr. &
vb. n. Ceding.] [L.
cedere to withdraw, yield; akin to cadere
to fall, and to E. chance; cf. F.
c\'82der.] To yield or surrender; to give
up; to resign; as, to cede a fortress, a province,
or country, to another nation, by treaty.
The people must cede to the government some of
their natural rights.
Jay.
Ce*dil"la (?), n. [Sp.
cedilla, cf. F. c\'82dille; dim. of
zeta, the Gr. name of the letter z, because
this letter was formerly written after the c, to give
it the sound of s.] A mark placed under the
letter c [thus, \'87], to show that it is to be
sounded like s, as in fa\'87ade.
Ce"drat (?), n. [Cf. F.
c\'82drat. See Cedar.]
(Bot.) Properly the citron, a variety of
Citrus medica, with large fruits, not acid, and having
a high perfume.
Ce"drene (?), n. (Chem.)
A rich aromatic oil, C15H24, extracted from
oil of red cedar, and regarded as a polymeric terpene; also any
one of a class of similar substances, as the essential oils of
cloves, cubebs, juniper, etc., of which cedrene proper is the
type. [Written also cedren.]
Ce"drine (?), a. [L.
cedrinus, Gr. Cedar.] Of
or pertaining to cedar or the cedar tree.
Ce"dri*ret (?), n. Same as
C\'d2rulignone.
Ce"dry (?), a. Of the nature of
cedar. [R.]
Ced"ule (?), n. [F.
c\'82dule, fr. L. shedula. See
Shedule.] A scroll; a writing; a
schedule. [Obs.]
Ced"u*ous (?), a. [L.
caeduus, fr. caedere to cut down.]
Fit to be felled. [Obs.]
Eyelyn.
Ceil (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ceiled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Ceiling.]
[From an older noun, fr. F. ciel heaven, canopy,
fr. L. carlum heaven, vault, arch, covering; cf. Gr.
1. To overlay or cover the inner
side of the roof of; to furnish with a ceiling; as, to ceil a
room.
The greater house he ceiled with fir tree.
2 Chron. iii. 5
2. To line or finish a surface, as of a wall, with
plaster, stucco, thin boards, or the like.
Ceil"ing, n. [See Cell, v.
t.] 1. (Arch.) (a)
The inside lining of a room overhead; the under side of the
floor above; the upper surface opposite to the floor.
(b) The lining or finishing of any wall or other
surface, with plaster, thin boards, etc.; also, the work when
done.
2. (Naut.) The inner planking of a
vessel.
Camp ceiling. See under Camp. --
Ceiling boards, Thin narrow boards used to ceil
with.
Ceint (?), n. [See
Cincture.] A girdle.
[Obs.]
Cel"a*don (?), n. [F.]
A pale sea-green color; also, porcelain or fine pottery of
this tint.
Cal"an*dine (?), n. [OE.
celidoine, OF. celidoine, F.
ch\'82lidoine, fr. L. chelidonia (sc.
herba), fr. chelidonius pertaining to the
swallow, Gr. hirundo a swallow.] (Bot.) A
perennial herbaceous plant (Chelidonium majus) of the
poppy family, with yellow flowers. It is used as a medicine in
jandice, etc., and its acrid saffron-colored juice is used to
cure warts and the itch; -- called also greater
celandine and swallowwort.
Lasser celandine, the pilewort
(Ranunculus Ficaria).
Cel"a*ture (?), n. [L.
caelatura, fr. caelare to engrave in
relief.] 1. The act or art of engraving or
embossing.
2. That which is engraved.
[Obs.]
Hakewill.
Cel"e*brant (?), n. [L.
celebrans, p. pr. of celebrare. See
Celebrate.] One who performs a public
religious rite; -- applied particularly to an officiating priest
in the Roman Catholic Church, as distinguished from his
assistants.
Cel"e*brate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Celebrated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Celebrating.] [L.
celebratus, p. p. of celebrare to frequent,
to celebrate, fr. celeber famous.] 1.
To extol or honor in a solemn manner; as, to
celebrate the name of the Most High.
2. To honor by solemn rites, by ceremonies of joy
and respect, or by refraining from ordinary business; to observe
duly; to keep; as, to celebrate a
birthday.
Fron even unto shall ye celebrate your Sabbath.
Lev. xxiii. 32.
3. To perforn or participate in, as a sacrament or
solemn rite; to solemnize; to perform with appropriate rites;
as, to celebrate a marriage.
Syn. -- To commemorate; distinguish; honor. --
To Celebrate, Commemorate. We
commemorate events which we desire to keep in
remembrance, when we recall them by some special observace; as,
to commemorate the death of our Savior. We
celebrate by demonstrations of joy or solemnity or by
appropriate ceremonies; as, to celebrate the birthday
of our Independence.
We are called upon to commemorate a revolution as
surprising in its manner as happy in its consequences.
Atterbury.
Earth, water, air, and fire, with feeling glee,
Exult to celebrate thy festival.
Thomson.
Cel"e*bra`ted (?), a. Having
celebrity; distinguished; renowned.
Celebrated for the politeness of his manners.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; noted; famed; renowned;
illustrious. See Distinguished.
Cel`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L.
celebratio.] The act, process, or time of
celebrating.
His memory deserving a particular celebration.
Clarendok.
Celebration of Mass is equivalent to offering
Mass
Cath. Dict.
To hasten the celebration of their marriage.
Sir P. Sidney.
Cel"e*bra`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who celebrates; a praiser.
Boyle.
Ce*le"bri*ous (?), a.
Famous. [Obs.]
Speed.
Ce*leb"ri*ty (?), n.; pl.
Celebriries (#). [L.
celebritas: cf. F.
c\'82l\'82brit\'82.] 1.
Celebration; solemnization. [Obs.]
The celebrity of the marriage.
Bacon.
2. The state or condition of being celebrated;
fame; renown; as, the celebrity of
Washington.
An event of great celebrity in the history of
astronomy.
Whewell.
3. A person of distinction or renown; -- usually in
the plural; as, he is one of the celebrities of the
place.
Ce*le"ri*ac (?), n.
(Bot.) Turnip-rooted celery, a from of celery
with a large globular root, which is used for food.
Ce*ler"i*ty (?), n. [L.
celeritas, from celer swiftm speedy: sf. F.
c\'82l\'82rit\'82.] Rapidity of motion;
quickness; swiftness.
Time, with all its celerity, moves slowly to him
whose whole employment is to watch its flight.
Johnson.
Cel"er*y (?), n. [F.
c\'82leri, cf. Prov. It. seleno,
seler; fr. Gr. celery. Cf. Parsley.]
(Bot.) A plant of the Parsley family (Apium
graveolens), of which the blanched leafstalks are used as a
salad.
Ce*les"tial (?), a. [OF.
celestial, celestied, fr. L.
caelestic, fr. caelum heaved. See
Cell.] 1. Belonging to the a\'89rial
regions, or visible heavens. \'bdThe twelve
celestial signs.\'b8
Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to the spiritual heaven;
heavenly; divine. \'bdCelestial spirits.\'b8
\'bdCelestial light,\'b8
Milton.
Celestial city, heaven; the heavenly
Jerusalem. Bunyan. -- Celestial empire,
China; -- so called from the Chinese words, tien
chan, Heavenly Dynasty, as being the kingdom ruled over by
the dynasty appoined by heaven.
S. W. Williams.
Ce*les"tial, n. 1. An
inhabitant of heaven.
Pope.
2. A native of China.
Ce*les"tial*ize (?), v. t. To
make celestial. [R.]
Ce*les"tial*ly, adv. In a celestial
manner.
Ce*les"ti*fy (?), v. t. [L.
caelestis heavenly + -fly.] To
make like heaven. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
{ Cel"es*tine (?), Cel"es*tite
(?), }, n. [LL.
caelestinus bine.] (Min.) Native
strontium sulphate, a mineral so named from its occasional
delicate blue color. It occurs crystallized, also in compact
massive and fibrous forms.
{ Cel"es*tine (?),
Cel`es*tin"i*an (?), } n.
(Eccl. Hist.) A monk of the austere branch of the
Franciscan Order founded by Celestine V. in the 13th
centry.
Ce"li*ac (?), a. (Anat.)
See C\'d2llac.
Ce*lib"a*cy (?), n. [See
Celibate, n.] The state of being
unmarried; single life, esp. that of a bachelor, or of one bound
by vows not to marry. \'bdThe celibacy of the
clergy.\'b8
Hallom.
Cel"i*bate (?), n. [L.
aelibatus, fr. caelebs unmarried,
single.] 1. Celibate state; celibacy.
[Obs.]
He . . . preferreth holy celibate before the estate
of marrige.
Jer. Taylor.
2. One who is unmarried, esp. a bachelor, or one
bound by vows not to marry.
Cel"i*bate, a. Unmarried; single;
as, a celibate state.
Ce*lib"a*tist (?), n. One who
lives unmarried. [R.]
Cel`i*dog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
-graphy: cf. F.
c\'82lidographie.] A description of
apparent spots on the disk of the sun, or on planets.
Cell (?), n. [OF.
celle, fr. L. cella; akin to
celare to hide, and E. hell,
helm, conceal. Cf. Hall.]
1. A very small and close apartment, as in a prison
or in a monastery or convent; the hut of a hermit.
The heroic confessor in his cell.
Macaulay.
2. A small religious house attached to a monastery
or convent. \'bdCells or dependent priories.\'b8
Milman.
3. Any small cavity, or hollow place.
4. (Arch.) (a) The space
between the ribs of a vaulted roof. (b) Same
as Cella.
5. (Elec.) A jar of vessel, or a
division of a compound vessel, for holding the exciting fluid of
a battery.
6. (Biol.) One of the minute elementary
structures, of which the greater part of the various tissues and
organs of animals and plants are composed.
unicelluter orgamisms. A
typical cell is composed of a semifluid mass of protoplasm, more
or less granular, generally containing in its center a nucleus
which in turn frequently contains one or more nucleoli, the whole
being surrounded by a thin membrane, the cell wall. In some
cells, as in those of blood, in the am\'d2ba, and in embryonic
cells (both vegetable and animal), there is no restricting cell
wall, while in some of the unicelluliar organisms the nucleus is
wholly wanting. See Illust. of
Bipolar.
Air cell. See Air cell. --
Cell development (called also cell
genesis, cell formation, and
cytogenesis), the multiplication, of cells by
a process of reproduction under the following common forms;
segmentation or fission, gemmation
or budding, karyokinesis, and endogenous
multiplication. See Segmentation,
Gemmation, etc. -- Cell theory.
(Biol.) See Cellular theory, under
Cellular.
Cell (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Celled
(?).] To place or inclosed in a
cell. \'bdCelled under ground.\'b8
[R.]
Warner.
\'d8Cel"la (?), n. [L.]
(Arch.) The part inclosed within the walls of an
ancient temple, as distinguished from the open porticoes.
Cel"lar (?), n. [OE.
celer, OF. celier, F. celier,
fr. L. cellarium a receptacle for food, pantry, fr.
cella storeroom. See Cell.] A room
or rooms under a building, and usually below the surface of the
ground, where provisions and other stores are kept.
Cel"lar*age (?), n. 1.
The space or storerooms of a cellar; a cellar.
Sir W. Scott.
You hear this fellow in the cellarage.
Shak.
2. Chare for storage in a cellar.
Cel"lar*er (?), n. [LL.
cellararius, equiv. to L. cellarius
steward: cf. F. cell\'82rier. See
Cellar.] (Eccl.) A steward or
butler of a monastery or chapter; one who has charge of procuring
and keeping the provisions.
Cel`lar*et" (?), n. [Dim of
cellar.] A receptacle, as in a dining room,
for a few bottles of wine or liquor, made in the form of a chest
or coffer, or a deep drawer in a sideboard, and usually lined
with metal.
Cel"lar*ist (?), n. Same as
Cellarer.
Celled (?), a. Containing a
cell or cells.
Cel"le*pore (?), n. [L.
cella cell + porus, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of delicate
branching corals, made up of minute cells, belonging to the
Bryozoa.
Cel*lif"er*ous (?), a.
[Cell + -ferous.] Bearing
or producing cells.
\'d8Cel"lo (?), n.; pl. E.
Cellos (, It. Celli
(. A contraction for
Violoncello.
Cel"lu*lar (?), a. [L.
cellula a little cell: cf. F. cellulaire.
See Cellule.] Consisting of, or containing,
cells; of or pertaining to a cell or cells.
Cellular plants, Cellular
cryptogams (Bot.), those flowerless
plants which have no ducts or fiber in their tissue, as mosses,
fungi, lichens, and alg\'91. -- Cellular
theory, Cell theory
(Biol.), a theory, according to which the
essential element of every tissue, either vegetable or animal, is
a cell; the whole series of cells having been formed from the
development of the germ cell and by differentiation converted
into tissues and organs which, both in plants ans animals, are to
be considered as a mass of minute cells communicating with each
other. -- Cellular tissue. (a)
(Anat.) See conjunctive tissue under
Conjunctive. (b) (Bot.) Tissue
composed entirely of parenchyma, and having no woody fiber or
ducts.
<-- cellular telephone, a portable
radio-telephone transmitting and receiving the radio-telephonic
signals from one of a group of transmitter-receiver stations so
arranged that they provide adequate signal contact for such
telephones over a certain geographical area. The area within
which one transmitter may service such portable telephones is
called its "cell. -->
Cel"lu*la`ted (?), a.
Cellular.
Caldwell.
Cel"lule (?), n. [L.
cellula a small apartment, dim. of cella:
cf. F. cellule. See Cell.] A small
cell.
Cel`lu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
cellula + -ferous.] Bearing or
producing little cells.
\'d8Cel`lu*li"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. cellula + -itis.] An
inflammantion of the cellular or areolar tissue, esp. of that
lying immediately beneath the skin.
Cel"lu*loid` (?), n.
[Cellulose + -oid.] A
substance composed essentially of gun cotton and camphor, and
when pure resembling ivory in texture and color, but variously
colored to imitate coral, tortoise shell, amber, malachite, etc.
It is used in the manufacture of jewelry and many small articles,
as combs, brushes, collars, and cuffs; -- originaly called
xylonite.
Cel"lu*lose` (?), a. Consisting
of, or containing, cells.
Cel"lu*lose`, n. (Chem.) The
substance which constitutes the essential part of the solid
framework of plants, of ordinary wood, linen, paper, etc. It is
also found to a slight extent in certain animals, as the
tunicates. It is a carbohydrate, (C6H10O5)n,
isomeric with starch, and is convertible into starches and sugars
by the action of heat and acids. When pure, it is a white
amorphous mass. See Starch, Granulose,
Lignin.
Unsized, well bleached linen paper is merely pure
cellulose.
Goodale.
Starch cellulose, the delicate framework which
remains when the soluble part (granulose) of starch is removed by
saliva or pepsin.
Goodale.
Ce*lot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The act or
operation of cutting, to relieve the structure in strangulated
hernia. [Frequently written
kelotomy.]
Cel"si*ture (?), n. [L.
celstudo, from celsus high: cf.
celsitude.] Height; altitude.
[Obs.]
Cel"si*us (?), n. The Celsius
thermometer or scale, so called from Anders Celsius, a Swedish
astronomer, who invented it. It is the same as the
centigrade thermometer or scale.
Celt (?), n. [L.
Celtae, Gr. Celtiad
one that dwells in a covert, an inhabitant of the wood, a Celt,
fr. celt covert, shelter, celu to
hide.] One of an ancient race of people, who formerly
inhabited a great part of Central and Western Europe, and whose
descendants at the present day occupy Ireland, Wales, the
Highlands of Scotland, and the northern shores of France.
[Written also Kelt. The letter C was pronounced
hard in Celtic languages.]
Celt, n. [LL. celts a
chisel.] (Arch\'91ol.) A weapon or
implement of stone or metal, found in the tumuli, or barrows, of
the early Celtic nations.
Celt`i*be"ri*an (?), a. [L.
Celtiber, Celtibericus.] Of or
pertaining to the ancient Celtiberia (a district in Spain lying
between the Ebro and the Tagus) or its inhabitants the Celtiberi
(Celts of the river Iberus). -- n. An
inhabitant of Celtiberia.
Celt"ic (?), a. [L.
Celticus, Gr. Celt.] Of
or pertaining to the Celts; as, Celtic people,
tribes, literature, tongue. [Written also
Keltic.]
Celt"ic, n. The language of the
Celts.
Celt"i*cism (?), n. A custom of
the Celts, or an idiom of their language.
Warton.
Celt"i*cize` (?), v. t. To
render Celtic; to assimilate to the Celts.
\'d8Cem"ba*lo (?), n. [It. See
Cymbal.] An old mname for the
harpsichord.
Ce*ment" (?), n. [OF.
cement, ciment, F. ciment, fr.
L. caementum a rough, unhewn stone, pieces or chips of
marble, from which mortar was made, contr. fr.
caedimentum, fr. caedere to cut, prob. akin
to scindere to cleave, and to E. shed, v.
t.] 1. Any substance used for making bodies
adhere to each other, as mortar, glue, etc.
2. A kind of calcined limestone, or a calcined
mixture of clay and lime, for making mortar which will harden
under water.
3. The powder used in cementation. See
Cementation, n.., 2.
4. Bond of union; that which unites firmly, as
persons in friendship, or men in society. \'bdThe
cement of our love.\'b8
5. (Anat.) The layer of bone investing
the root and neck of a tooth; -- called also
cementum.
Hydraulic cement. See under
Hydraulic.
Ce*ment" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cemented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Cementing.] [Cf. F.
cimenter. See Cement, n.]
1. To unite or cause to adhere by means of a
cement.
Bp. Burnet.
2. To unite firmly or closely.
Shak.
3. To overlay or coat with cement; as, to
cement a cellar bottom.
Ce*ment", v. i. To become cemented or
firmly united; to cohere.
S. Sharp.
Ce*ment"al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to cement, as of a tooth; as, cemental
tubes.
R. Owen.
Cem`en*ta"tion (?), n. 1.
The act or process of cementing.
2. (Chem.) A process which consists in
surrounding a solid body with the powder of other substances, and
heating the whole to a degree not sufficient to cause fusion, the
physical properties of the body being changed by chemical
combination with powder; thus iron becomes steel by cementation
with charcoal, and green glass becomes porcelain by cementation
with sand.
Ce*ment"a*to*ry (?), a. Having
the quality of cementating or uniting firmly.
Ce*ment"er (?), n. A person or
thing that cements.
Cem`en*ti"tious (?), a. [L.
caementitius pertaining to quarry stones. See
Cement, n. ] Of the nature of
cement. [R.]
Forsyth.
Cem`e*te"ri*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a cemetery. \'bdCemeterial
cells.\'b8 [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cem"e*ter*y (?), n.; pl.
Cemeteries (. [L.
cemeterium, Gr. A place or ground set apart
for the burial of the dead; a graveyard; a churchyard; a
necropolis.
Ce*nan"thy (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) The absence
or suppression of the essential organs (stamens and pistil) in a
flower.
Ce*na"tion (?), n. [L.
cenatio.] Meal-taking; dining or
supping. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cen"a*to*ry (?), a. [L.
cenatorius, fr. cenare to dine, sup, fr.
cena, coena, dinner, supper.] Of
or pertaining to dinner or supper. [R.]
The Romans washed, were anointed, and wore a
cenatory garment.
Sir T. Browne.
Cen"o*bite (?), n. [L.
coenobita, fr. Gr. c\'82nobite.] One of a religious order,
dwelling in a convent, or a community, in opposition to an
anchoret, or hermit, who lives in solitude.
Gibbon.
{ Cen`o*bit"ic (?),
Cen`o*bit"ic*al (?) } a.
[Cf. F. c\'82nobitique.] Of or
pertaining to a cenobite.
Cen"o*bi*tism (?), n. The state
of being a cenobite; the belief or practice of a cenobite.
Milman.
Ce*nog"a*my (?), n. [Gr. The state of a communty which
permits promiseuous sexual intercourse among its members, as in
certain societies practicing communism.
Cen"o*taph (?), n. [Gr. c\'82notaphe.] An empty tomb or a monument
erected in honor of a person who is buried elsewhere.
Dryden.
A cenotaph in Westminster Abbey.
Macaulay.
Cen"o*taph`y (?), n. A
cenotaph. [R.]
Lord Cobham honored him with a cenotaphy.
Macaulay.
Ce`no*zo"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Geol.) Belonging to
the most recent division of geological time, including the
tertiary, or Age of mammals, and the Quaternary, or Age of man.
[Written also c\'91nozoic,
cainozoic, kainozoic.] See
Geology.
Tertiary, the Quaternary Age not being
included.
Cense (?), n. [OF.
cense, F. cens, L. census. See
Census.] 1. A census; -- also, a
public rate or tax. [Obs.]
Howell. Bacon.
2. Condition; rank. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Cense, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Censed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Censing.] [Abbrev. from
incense.] To perfume with odors from
burning gums and spices.
The Salii sing and cense his altars round.
Dryden.
Cense, v. i. To burn or scatter
incense.
Cen"ser (?), n. [For
incenser, fr. OF. encensier, F.
encensoir, fr. LL. incensarium,
incensorium, fr. L. incensum incense. See
Incense, and cf. Incensory.] A
vessel for perfumes; esp. one in which incense is burned.
Her thoughts are like the fume of frankincense
Which from a golden censer forth doth rise.
Spenser.
Cen"sor (?), n. [L.
censor, fr. censere to value, tax.]
1. (Antiq.) One of two magistrates of
Rome who took a register of the number and property of citizens,
and who also exercised the office of inspector of morals and
conduct.
2. One who is empowered to examine manuscripts
before they are committed to the press, and to forbid their
publication if they contain anything obnoxious; -- an official in
some European countries.
3. One given to fault-finding; a censurer.
Nor can the most circumspect attention, or steady rectitude,
escape blame from censors who have no inclination to
approve.
Rambler.
4. A critic; a reviewer.
Received with caution by the censors of the
press.
W. Irving.
Cen*so"ri*al (?), a. 1.
Belonging to a censor, or to the correction of public
morals.
Junius.
2. Full of censure; censorious.
The censorial declamation of Juvenal.
T. Warton.
Cen*so"ri*an (?), a.
Censorial. [R.]
Bacon.
Cen*so"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
censorius pertaining to the censor. See
Censor.] 1. Addicted to censure; apt
to blame or condemn; severe in making remarks on others, or on
their writings or manners.
A dogmatical spirit inclines a man to be consorious
of his neighbors.
Watts.
2. Implying or expressing censure; as,
censorious remarks.
Syn. -- Fault-finding; carping; caviling; captious; severe;
condemnatory; hypercritical.
-- Cen*so"ri*ous*ly, adv. --
Cen*so"ri*ous*ness, n.
Cen"sor*ship (?), n. The office
or power of a censor; as, to stand for a
censorship.
Holland.
The press was not indeed at that moment under a general
censorship.
Macaulay.
Cen"su*al (?), a. [L.
censualis, fr. census.] Relating
to, or containing, a census.
He caused the whole realm to be described in a
censual roll.
Sir R. Baker.
Cen"sur*a*ble (?), a. Deserving
of censure; blamable; culpable; reprehensible; as, a
censurable person, or censurable
conduct.
-- Cen"sur*a*bleness, n. --
Cen"sur*a*bly, adv.
Cen"sure (?), n. [L.
censura fr. censere: cf. F.
censure. Cf. Censor.] 1.
Judgment either favorable or unfavorable; opinion.
[Obs.]
Take each man's censure, but reserve thy
judgment.
Shak.
2. The act of blaming or finding fault with and
condemning as wrong; reprehension; blame.
Both the censure and the praise were merited.
Macaulay.
3. Judicial or ecclesiastical sentence or
reprimand; condemnatory judgment.
Excommunication or other censure of the church.
Bp. Burnet.
Syn. -- Blame; reproof; condemnation; reprobation;
disapproval; disapprobation; reprehension; animadversion;
reprimand; reflection; dispraise; abuse.
Cen"sure, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Censured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Censuring.] [Cf. F.
ensurer.] 1. To form or express a
judgment in regard to; to estimate; to judge.
[Obs.] \'bdShould I say more, you might well
censure me a flatterer.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
2. To find fault with and condemn as wrong; to
blame; to express disapprobation of.
I may be censured that nature thus gives way to
loyalty.
Shak.
3. To condemn or reprimand by a judicial or
ecclesiastical sentence.
Shak.
Syn. -- To blame; reprove; rebuke; condemn; reprehend;
reprimand.
Cen"sure, v. i. To judge.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Cen"sur*er (?), n. One who
censures.
Sha.
Cen"sus (?), n. [L.
census, fr. censere. See
Censor.] 1. (Bot. Antiq.)
A numbering of the people, and valuation of their estate,
for the purpose of imposing taxes, etc.; -- usually made once in
five years.
2. An official registration of the number of the
people, the value of their estates, and other general statistics
of a country.
Cent (?), n. [F. cent
hundred, L. centum. See Hundred.]
1. A hundred; as, ten per cent, the
proportion of ten parts in a hundred.
2. A United States coin, the hundredth part of a
dollar, formerly made of copper, now of copper, tin, and
zinc.
3. An old game at cards, supposed to be like
piquet; -- so called because 100 points won the game.
Nares.
Cent"age (?), n. Rate by the
hundred; percentage.
Cen"tal (?), n. [L.
centum a hundred.] A weight of one hundred
pounds avoirdupois; -- called in many parts of the United States
a Hundredweight.
Cen"tal, n. Relating to a hundred.
Cental system, the method of buying and
selling by the cental, or hundredweight.
Cen"tare` (?), n. [F.
centiare; centi- (L. centum) +
-are.] A measure of area, the hundredth
part of an are; one square meter, or about 1
Cen"taur (?), n. [L.
centaurus, Gr.
1. (Class. Myth.) A fabulous being,
represented as half man and half horse.
2. (Astron.) A constellation in the
southern heavens between Hydra and the Southern Cross.
\'d8Cen`tau*re"a (?), n. [NL.
See Centaury.] (Bot.) A large
genus of composite plants, related to the thistles and including
the cornflower or bluebottle (Centaurea Cyanus) and
the star thistle (C. Calcitrapa).
Cen"tau*ry (?), n. [L.
centaureum and centauria, Gr. (Bot.) A
gentianaceous plant not fully identified. The name is usually
given to the Eryther\'91a Centaurium and the
Chlora perfoliata of Europe, but is also extended to
the whole genus Sabbatia, and even to the unrelated
Centaurea.
Cen`te*na"ri*an (?), a. Of or
relating to a hundred years. -- n. A
person a hundred years old.
Cen"te*na*ry (?), a. [L.
centenarius, fr. centum a hundred.]
1. Relating to, or consisting of, a hundred.
2. Occurring once in every hundred years;
centennial. \'bdCentenary solemnities.\'b8
Fuller.
Cen"te*na*ry, n.; pl.
Centenaries (. 1. The
aggregate of a hundred single things; specifically, a
century. \'bdEvery centenary of years.\'b8
Hakewill.
2. A commemoration or celebration of an event which
occurred a hudred years before.
Cen*ten"ni*al (?), a. [L.
centum a hundred + annus year.]
1. Relating to, or associated with, the
commemoration of an event that happened a hundred years before;
as, a centennial ode.
2. Happening once in a hundred years; as,
centennial jubilee; a centennial
celebration.
3. Lasting or aged a hundred years.
Thet opened through long lines
Of sacred ilex and centennial pines.
Longfellow.
Cen*ten"ni*al, n. The celebration of the
hundredth anniversary of any event; a centenary. [U.
S.]
Cen*ten"ni*al*ly, adv. Once in a hundred
years.
Cen"ter (?), n. [F.
centre, fr. L. centrum, fr. round which a
circle is described, fr. 1.
A point equally distant from the extremities of a line,
figure, or body, or from all parts of the circumference of a
circle; the middle point or place.
2. The middle or central portion of anything.
3. A principal or important point of concentration;
the nucleus around which things are gathered or to which they
tend; an object of attention, action, or force; as, a
center of attaction.
4. The earth. [Obs.]
Shak.
5. Those members of a legislative assembly (as in
France) who support the existing government. They sit in the
middle of the legislative chamber, opposite the presiding
officer, between the conservatives or monarchists, who sit on the
right of the speaker, and the radicals or advanced republicans
who occupy the seats on his left, See Right, and
Left.
6. (Arch.) A temporary structure upon
which the materials of a vault or arch are supported in position
util the work becomes self-supporting.
7. (Mech.) (a) One of the two
conical steel pins, in a lathe, etc., upon which the work is
held, and about which it revolves. (b) A
conical recess, or indentation, in the end of a shaft or other
work, to receive the point of a center, on which the work can
turn, as in a lathe.
live center is in the
spindle of the head stock; the dead center is on the
tail stock. Planer centers are stocks carrying
centers, when the object to be planed must be turned on its
axis.
Center of an army, the body or troops
ossupying the place in the line between the wings. --
Center of a curve surface
(Geom.) (a) A point such that every line
drawn through the point and terminated by the curve or surface is
bisected at the point. (b) The fixed point of
reference in polar co\'94rdinates. See
Co\'94rdinates. -- Center of curvature of a
curve (Geom.), the center of that circle
which has at any given point of the curve closer contact with the
curve than has any other circle whatever. See
Circle. -- Center of a fleet, the
division or column between the van and rear, or between the
weather division and the lee. -- Center of
gravity (Mech.), that point of a body about
which all its parts can be balanced, or which being supported,
the whole body will remain at rest, though acted upon by
gravity. -- Center of gyration
(Mech.), that point in a rotating body at which
the whole mass might be concentrated (theoretically) without
altering the resistance of the intertia of the body to angular
acceleration or retardaton. -- Center of inertia
(Mech.), the center of gravity of a body or system
of bodies. -- Center of motion, the point
which remains at rest, while all the other parts of a body move
round it. -- Center of oscillation, the point
at which, if the whole matter of a suspended body were collected,
the time of oscillation would be the same as it is in the actual
form and state of the body. -- Center of
percussion, that point in a body moving about a fixed
axis at which it may strike an obstacle without communicating a
shock to the axis. -- Center of pressure
(Hydros.), that point in a surface pressed by a
fluid, at which, if a force equal to the whole pressure and in
the same line be applied in a contrary direction, it will balance
or counteract the whole pressure of the fluid.
{ Cen"ter, Cen"tre } v.
i. [imp. & p. p. Centered or
Centred (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Centering or Centring.] 1.
To be placed in a center; to be central.
2. To be collected to a point; to be concentrated;
to rest on, or gather about, as a center.
Where there is no visible truth wherein to center,
error is as wide as men's fancies.
Dr. H. More.
Our hopes must center in ourselves alone.
Dryden.
{ Cen"ter , Cen"tre } (?),
v. t. 1. To place or fix in the center
or on a central point.
Milton.
2. To collect to a point; to concentrate.
Thy joys are centered all in me alome.
Prior.
3. (Mech.) To form a recess or
indentation for the reception of a center.
{ Cen"ter*bit`, Cen"tre*bit`, }
n. An instrument turning on a center, for boring
holes. See Bit, n., 3.
{ Cen"ter*board`, Cen"tre*board, }
(?), n. (Naut.) A movable or
sliding keel formed of a broad board or slab of wood or metal
which may be raised into a water-tight case amidships, when in
shallow water, or may be lowered to increase the area of lateral
resistance and prevent leeway when the vessel is beating to
windward. It is used in vessels of all sizes along the coast of
the United States
Cen"ter*fire` car"tridge. See under
Cartridge.
Cen"ter*ing, n. (Arch.) Same
as Center, n., 6. [Written also
centring.]
{ Cen"ter*piece`, Cen"tre*piece` }
(?), n. An ornament to be placed in the
center, as of a table, ceiling, atc.; a central article or
figure.
Cen*tes"i*mal (?), a. [L.
centesimus the hundredth, fr. centum a
hundred: cf. F. cent\'82simal.]
Hundredth. -- n. A hundredth
part.
The neglect of a few centesimals.
Arbuthnot.
Cen*tes`i*ma"tion (?), n. [L.
centesimore to take out or select every hudredth, fr.
centesimus hundredth.] (Mil.)
The infliction of the death penalty upon one person in every
hundred, as in cases of mutiny.
<-- "centesm" out of order in original -- some error. =
centesim?-->
Cen"tesm (?), n. [L.
centesima.] Hundredth.
Cen*tes"i*mo (?), n.; pl.
-mi (#). [It. & Sp.] A
copper coin of Italy and Spain equivalent to a centime.
Cen"ti*are` (?), n. [F. See
Centare.] See centare.
Cen`ti*cip"i*tous (?), a. [L.
centiceps, -cipitis; centum a
hunder + caput head.] Hundred-headed.
Cen*tif"i*dous (?), a. [L.
centifidus; centum + findere to
split.] Divided into a hundred parts.
Cen`ti*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L.
centifolius; centum + folium leaf.]
Having a hundred leaves.
Cen"ti*grade (?), a. [L.
centum a hundred + gradus degree: cf. F.
centigrade.] Consisting of a hundred
degrees; graduated into a hundred divisions or equal parts.
Spesifically: of or pertaining the centigrade thermometer;
as, 10\'f8 centigrade (or 10\'f8
C.).
Centigrade thermometer, a thermometer having
the zero or 0 at the point indicating the freezing state of
water, and the distance between that and the point indicating the
boiling state of water divided into one hundred degrees. It is
called also the Celsius thermometer, from
Anders Celsius, the originator of this scale.
{ Cen"ti*gram (?), Cen"ti*gramme
(?), } n. [F.
centigramme; centi- (L. centum)
+ gramme. See Gram.] The
hundredth part of a gram; a weight equal to .15432 of a grain.
See Gram.
{ Cen"ti*li`ter, Cen"ti*li`tre }
(?), n. [F. centilitre;
centi (L. centum) + litre. See
Liter.] The hundredth part of a liter; a
measure of volume or capacity equal to a little more than six
tenths (0.6102) of a cubic inch, or one third (0.338) of a fluid
ounce.
Cen*til"o*quy (?), n. [L.
centum hundred + logui to speak.]
A work divided into a hundred parts. [R.]
Burton.
\'d8Cen`time" (?), n. [F., fr.
L. centesimus. See Centesimal.]
(F. Coinage) The hundredth part of a franc; a
small French copper coin and money of account.
{ Cen"ti*me`ter, Cen"ti*me`tre }
(?), n. [F. centim\'8atre;
centi- (L. centum) + m\'8atre.
See Meter.] The hundredth part of a meter; a
measure of length equal to rather more than thirty-nine
hundredths (0.3937) of an inch. See Meter.
Cen"ti*nel (?), n.
Sentinel. [Obs.]
Sackville.
Cen*tin"o*dy (?), n. [L.
centum a hundred + nodus knot: cf. F.
centinode.] (Bot.) A weed with a
sterm of many joints (Illecebrum verticillatum); also,
the Polygonum aviculare or knotgrass.
Cen"ti*ped (?), n. [L.
centipeda; centum a hundred +
pes, pedis, foot: cf. F.
centip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.) A
species of the Myriapoda; esp. the large, flattened,
venomous kinds of the order Chilopoda, found in tropical
climates. they are many-jointed, and have a great number of
feet. [Written also centipede
(
Cen"ti*stere (?), n. [F.
centist\'8are; centi- (l.
centum) + st\'8are.] The
hundredth part of a stere, equal to .353 cubic feet.
Cent"ner (?), n. [Cf. G.
centner a hundred-weight, fr. L.
centenarius of a hundred, fr. centum a
hundred.] 1. (Metal. & Assaying) A
weight divisible first into a hundred parts, and then into
smaller parts.
centner: the pound is divided into thirty-two parts,
or half ounces; the half ounce into two quarters; and each of
these into two drams. But the assayers use different weights.
With them a centner is one dram, to which the other
parts are proportioned.
2. The commercial hundredweight in several of the
continental countries, varying in different places from 100 to
about 112 pounds.
Cen"to (?), n.; pl.
Centos (#). [L. cento a
garment of several pieces sewed together, patchwork, a poem made
up of various verses of another poem.] A literary or a
musical composition formed by selections from different authors
disposed in a new order.
Cen"to*nism (?), n. The
composition of a cento; the act or practice of composing a cento
or centos.
Cen"tral (?), a. [L.
centralis, fr. centrum: cf. F.
central. See Center.] Relating to
the center; situated in or near the center or middle; containing
the center; of or pertaining to the parts near the center\'3c--
original had "or of.." --\'3e; equidistant or equally accessible
from certain points.
Central force (Math.), a force
acting upon a body towards or away from a fixed or movable
center. -- Center sun (Astron.), a
name given to a hypothetical body about which M\'84dler supposed
the solar system together with all the stars in the Milky Way, to
be revolving. A point near Alcyone in the Pleiades was supposed
to possess characteristics of the position of such a
body.
{ Cen"tral (?), \'d8Cen*tra"le
(?), } n. [NL.
centrale, fr. L. centralis.]
(Anat.) The central, or one of the central, bones
of the carpus or or tarsus. In the tarsus of man it is
represented by the navicular.
Cen"tral*ism (?), n. 1.
The state or condition of being central; the combination of
several parts into one whole; centralization.
2. The system by which power is centralized, as in
a government.
Cen*tral"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Centralities (. The state of
being central; tendency towards a center.
Meantime there is a great centrality, a
centripetence equal to the centrifugence.
R. W. Emerson.
Cen`tral*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. centralisation.] The act or process of
centralizing, or the state of being centralized; the act or
process of combining or reducing several parts into a whole;
as, the centralization of power in the general
government; the centralization of commerce in a
city.
Cen"tral*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Centralized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Centralizing.] [Cf. F.
centraliser.] To draw or bring to a center
point; to gather into or about a center; to bring into one
system, or under one control.
[To] centralize the power of government.
Bancroft.
Cen"tral*ly, adv. In a central manner or
situation.
Cen"tre (?), n. & v. See
Center.
{ Cen"tric (?), Cen"tric*al
(?), } a. Placed in the center or
middle; central.
At York or some other centrical place.
Sir W. Scott.
-- Cen"tric*al*ly, adv. --
Cen"tric*al*ness, n.
Cen*tric"i*ty (?), n. The state
or quality of being centric; centricalness.
Cen*trif"u*gal (?), a. [L.
centrum center + fugere to flee.]
1. Tending, or causing, to recede from the
center.
2. (Bot.) (a) Expanding first
at the summit, and later at the base, as a flower cluster.
(b) Having the radicle turned toward the sides of
the fruit, as some embryos.
Centrifugal force (Mech.), a force
whose direction is from a center.
centrifugal force. The force which really acts on the
body being directed towards the center of the circle is called
centripetal force, and in some popular treatises the
centripetal and centrifugal forces are described as opposing and
balancing each other. But they are merely the different aspects
of the same stress.
Clerk Maxwell.
Centrifugal impression (Physiol.),
an impression (motor) sent from a nerve center
outwards to a muscle or muscles by which motion is
produced. -- Centrifugal machine, A machine
for expelling water or other fluids from moist substances, or for
separating liquids of different densities by centrifugal action;
a whirling table. -- Centrifugal pump, a
machine in which water or other fluid is lifted and discharged
through a pipe by the energy imparted by a wheel or blades
revolving in a fixed case. Some of the largest and most powerful
pumps are of this kind.
Cen*trif"u*gal, n. A centrifugal
machine.
Cen*trif"u*gence (?), n. The
property or quality of being centrifugal.
R. W. Emerson.
Cen"tring (?), n. See
Centring.
Cen*trip"e*tal (?), a. [L.
centrum center + peter to more
toward.] 1. Tending, or causing, to approach
the center.
2. (Bot.) (a) Expanding first at the
base of the inflorescence, and proceeding in order towards the
summit. (b) Having the radicle turned toward the axis of
the fruit, as some embryos.
3. Progressing by changes from the exterior of a
thing toward its center; as, the centripetal
calcification of a bone.
R. Owen.
Centripetal force (Mech.), a force
whose direction is towards a center, as in case of a planet
revolving round the sun, the center of the system, See
Centrifugal force, under Centrifugal.
-- Centripetal impression (Physiol.),
an impression (sensory) transmitted by an afferent nerve from
the exterior of the body inwards, to the central
organ.
Cen*trip"e*tence (?), n.
Centripetency.
Cen*trip"e*ten*cy (?), n.
Tendency toward the center.
Cen*tris"coid (?), a. [NL.
Centriscus (r. Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Allied to, or
resembling, the genus Centriscus, of which the bellows
fish is an example.
Cen`tro*bar"ic (?), a. [Gr.
( Relating to the center of gravity, or to the
process of finding it.
Centrobaric method (Math.), a
process invented for the purpose of measuring the area or the
volume generated by the rotation of a line or surface about a
fixed axis, depending upon the principle that every figure formed
by the revolution of a line or surface about such an axis has for
measure the product of the line or surface by the length of the
path of its center of gravity; -- sometimes called
theorem of Pappus, also, incorrectly,
Guldinus's properties. See Barycentric
calculus, under Calculus.
<-- p. 233 -->
Cen"trode (?), n.
(Kinematics) In two figures having relative
motion, one of the two curves which are the loci of the
instantaneous center.
Cen"troid (?), n. [L.
centrum + -oid.] The center of
mass, inertia, or gravity of a body or system of bodies.
Cen`tro*lec"i*thal (?), a. [Gr.
(Biol.)
Having the food yolk placed at the center of the ovum,
segmentation being either regular or unequal.
Balfour.
Cen`tro*lin"e*ad (?), n. An
instrument for drawing lines through a point, or lines converging
to a center.
Cen`tro*lin"e*al (?), a. [L.
centrum + linea line.]
Converging to a center; -- applied to lines drawn so as to
meet in a point or center.
Cen"tro*some` (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) A peculiar
rounded body lying near the nucleus of a cell. It is regarded as
the dynamic element by means of which the machinery of cell
division is organized.
Cen`tro*stal"tic (?), a. [Gr.
(Physiol.) A
term applied to the action of nerve force in the spinal
center.
Marshall Hall.
\'d8Cen"trum (?), n.; pl. E.
Centrums (#), L. Centra
(#). [L., center.] (Anat.)
The body, or axis, of a vertebra. See
Vertebra.
Cen"try (?), n. See
Sentry. [Obs.]
Gray.
\'d8Cen*tum"vir (?), n.; pl.
Centumviri (#). [L., fr.
centum hundred + Vir man.] (Rom.
Hist.) One of a court of about one hundred judges
chosen to try civil suits. Under the empire the court was
increased to 180, and met usually in four sections.
Cen*tum"vi*ral (?), a. [L.
centumvitalis.] Of or pertaining to the
centumviri, or to a centumvir.
Cen*tum"vi*rate (?), n. [Cf. F.
centumvirat.] The office of a centumvir, or
of the centumviri.
Cen"tu*ple (?), a. [L.
centuplex; centum + plicare to fold; cf. F.
centuple.] Hundredfold.
Cen"tu*ple, v. t. To increase a
hundredfold.
Cen*tu"pli*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Centuplicated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Centuplicating.]
[L. centuplicare. See Centuple,
a.] To make a hundredfold; to repeat a
hundred times. [R.]
Howell.
Cen*tu"ri*al (?), a. [L. See
Century.] Of or pertaining to a century;
as, a centurial sermon. [R.]
Cen*tu"ri*ate (?), a. [L.
centuriatus, p. p. of centuriare to divide
(men) into centuries.] Pertaining to, or divided into,
centuries or hundreds. [R.]
Holland.
Cen*tu"ri*ate (?), v. t. [See
century.] To divide into hundreds.
[Obs.]
{ Cen*tu"ri*a`tor (?),
Cen"tu*rist (?), } n.
[Cf. F. centuriateur.] An historian
who distinguishes time by centuries, esp. one of those who wrote
the \'bdMagdeburg Centuries.\'b8 See under
Century. [R.]
Cen*tu"ri*on (?), n. [L.
centurio, fr. centuria; cf. F.
centurion. See Century.] (Rom.
Hist.) A military officer who commanded a minor
division of the Roman army; a captain of a century.
A centurion of the hand called the Italian
band.
Acts x. 1.
Cen"tu*ry (?), n.; pl.
Centuries (#). [L.
centuria (in senses 1 & 3), fr. centum a
hundred: cf. F. centurie. See Cent.]
1. A hundred; as, a century of
sonnets; an aggregate of a hundred things.
[Archaic.]
And on it said a century of prayers.
Shak.
2. A period of a hundred years; as, this event
took place over two centuries ago.
Century, in the reckoning of time,
although often used in a general way of any series of hundred
consecutive years (as, a century of temperance work),
usually signifies a division of the Christian era, consisting of
a period of one hundred years ending with the hundredth year from
which it is named; as, the first century (a.
d. 1-100 inclusive); the seventh century
(a.d. 601-700); the eighteenth
century (a.d. 1701-1800). With words or
phrases connecting it with some other system of chronology it is
used of similar division of those eras; as, the first
century of Rome (A.U.C. 1-100).
3. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A division
of the Roman people formed according to their property, for the
purpose of voting for civil officers. (b) One
of sixty companies into which a legion of the army was divided.
It was Commanded by a centurion.
Century plant (Bot.), the
Agave Americana, formerly supposed to flower but once
in a century; -- hence the name. See Agave. --
The Magdeburg Centuries, an ecclesiastical history
of the first thirteen centuries, arranged in thirteen volumes,
compiled in the 16th century by Protestant scholars at
Magdeburg.
Ce*pev"o*rous (?), a. [L.
cepa an onion + varare to devour.]
Feeding upon onions. [R.]
Sterling.
Ceph"a*lad (?), adv. [Gr. ad toward.] (Zo\'94l.)
Forwards; towards the head or anterior extremity of the
body; opposed to caudad.
{ \'d8Ceph`a*lal"gi*a (?),
Ceph"a*lal`gy (?), } n.
[L. cephalalgia, Gr. c\'82phalalgie.] (Med.) Pain in
the head; headache.
Ceph`a*lal"gic (?), a. [L.
cephalalgicus, Gr. (Med.)
Relating to, or affected with, headache. --
n. A remedy for the headache.
\'d8Ceph`a*lan"thi*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Same as Anthodium.
\'d8Ceph`a*las"pis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Paleon.) A genus of fossil ganoid fishes found
in the old red sandstone or Devonian formation. The head is
large, and protected by a broad shield-shaped helmet prolonged
behind into two lateral points.
\'d8Ceph`a*la"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
large division of Mollusca, including all except the bivalves; --
so called because the head is distinctly developed. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Ceph"a*late (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a head.
Ce*phal"ic (?), a. [L.
cephalicus, Gr. c\'82phalique.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the head. See the Note under
Anterior.
Cephalic index (Anat.), the ratio
of the breadth of the cranium to the length, which is taken as
the standard, and equal to 100; the breadth index. --
Cephalic vein, a large vein running from the back
of the head alond the arm; -- so named because the ancients used
to open it for disorders of the head.
Dunglison.
Ce*pha"lic, n. A medicine for headache,
or other disorder in the head.
\'d8Ceph`a*li"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)
Same as Phrenitis.
Ceph`a*li*za"tion (?), n.
Domination of the head in animal life as expressed in the
physical structure; localization of important organs or parts in
or near the head, in animal development.
Dana.
Ceph"a*lo (?). [Gr.
A combining form denoting the head, of the
head, connected with the head; as,
cephalosome, cephalopod.
Ceph`a*lo*cer"cal (?), a.
[Cephalo- + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Relating to the long axis of the
body.
Ceph"a*loid (?), a.
[Cephalo- + -oid.] Shaped
like the head.
Craing.
Ceph`a*lol"o*gy (?), n.
[Cephalo- + -logy.] The
science which treats of the head.
Ceph"a*lo*mere (?), n.
[Cephalo- + -mere.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the somites (arthromeres) which
make up the head of arthropods.
Packard.
Ceph`a*lom"e*ter (?), n.
[Cephalo- + -meter.]
(Med.) An instrument measuring the dimensions of
the head of a fetus during delivery.
\'d8Ceph"a*lon (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The head.
\'d8Ceph`a*loph"o*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The cephalata.
{ Ceph"a*lo*pod (?),
Ceph"a*lo*pode (?) }, n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Cephalopoda.
\'d8Ceph"`a*lop"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., gr. Gr. -poda: cf. F.
c\'82phalopode.] (Zo\'94l.) The
highest class of Mollusca.
Nautilus. See Octopus,
Squid, Nautilus.
{ Ceph`a*lo*pod"ic (?),
Ceph`a*lop"o*dous (?), } a.
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to, or resembling, the
cephalopods.
\'d8Ceph`a*lop"te*ra (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the generic names of the
gigantic ray (Manta birostris), known as
devilfish and sea devil. It is common on
the coasts of South Carolina, Florida, and farther south. Some of
them grow to enormous size, becoming twenty feet of more across
the body, and weighing more than a ton.
Ceph"a*lo*some (?), n.
[Cephalo- + -some body.]
(Zo\'94l.) The anterior region or head of insects
and other arthropods.
Packard.
Ceph"a*lo*style (?), n.
[Cephalo- + Gr.
(Anat.) The anterior end of the notochord and its
bony sheath in the base of cartilaginous crania.
Ceph`a*lo*tho"rax (?), n.
[Cephalo- + thorax.]
(Zo\'94l.) The anterior portion of any one of the
Arachnida and higher Crustacea, consisting of the united head and
thorax.
Ceph"a*lo*tome (?), n.
[Cephalo- + Gr.
(Med.) An instrument for cutting into the fetal
head, to facilitate delivery.
Ceph`a*lot"o*my (?), n. 1.
Dissection or opening of the head.
2. (Med.) Craniotomy; -- usually applied
to bisection of the fetal head with a saw.
Ceph"a*lo*tribe (?), n.
[Cephalo- + Gr. to rub, grind.] An
obstetrical instrument for performing cephalotripsy.
Ceph"a*lo*trip`sy (?), n. [See
Cephalotribe.] (Med.) The act or
operation of crushing the head of a fetus in the womb in order to
effect delivery.
\'d8Ceph`a*lot"ro*cha (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of annelid larva with a circle
of cilia around the head.
Ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having a head; -- applied
chiefly to the Cephalata, a division of mollusks.
Ce"pheus (?), n. (Astron.) A
northern constellation near the pole. Its head, which is in the
Milky Way, is marked by a triangle formed by three stars of the
fourth magnitude. See Cassiopeia.
Ce*ra"ceous (?), a. [L.
cera wax.] Having the texture and color of
new wax; like wax; waxy.
Ce*ra"go (?), n. [L.
cera wax.] Beebread.
Ce*ram"ic (?), a. [Gr. Keramic.] Of or
pertaining to pottery; relating to the art of making earthenware;
as, ceramic products; ceramic ornaments for
ceilings.
Ce*ram"ics (?), n. [See
Ceramic.] 1. The art of making
things of baked clay; as pottery, tiles, etc.
2. pl. Work formed of clay in whole or
in part, and baked; as, vases, urns, etc.
Knight.
Ce*rar"gy*rite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Native silver
chloride, a mineral of a white to pale yellow or gray color,
darkening on exposure to the light. It may be cut by a knife,
like lead or horn (hence called horn silver).
Cer"a*sin (?), n. (Chem.)
A white amorphous substance, the insoluble part of cherry
gum; -- called also meta-arabinic acid.
2. (Chem.) A gummy mucilaginous
substance; -- called also bassorin,
tragacanthin, etc.
Ce*ras"i*nous (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to, or containing, cerasin.
2. Of a cherry color.
\'d8Ce*ras"tes (?), n. [L., a
horned serpent, fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of poisonous African serpents,
with a horny scale over each eye; the horned viper.
Ce"rate (?), n. [L.
ceratum, ceratm, fr. cera wax.]
(Med.) An unctuous preparation for external
application, of a consistence intermediate between that of an
ointment and a plaster, so that it can be spread upon cloth
without the use of heat, but does not melt when applied to the
skin.
Cerate consists essentially of wax (for
which resin or spermaceti is sometimes substituted) mixed with
oil, lard, and various medicinal ingredients. The cerate
(formerly called simple cerate) of the United States
Pharmacopoeia is a mixture of three parts of white wax and seven
parts of lard.
Ce"ra*ted (?), p. a. [L.
ceratus, p. p. of cerare to wax, fr.
cera wax.] Covered with wax.
Cer"a*tine (?), a. [Gr.
(Lagic.) Sophistical.
\'d8Cer`a*to*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. n. pl.,
gills.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of
nudibranchiate Mollusca having on the back papilliform or
branched organs serving as gills.
Cer`a*to*bran"chi*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to the bone, or cartilage,
below the epibranchial in a branchial arch. --
n. A ceratobranchial bone, or
cartilage.
\'d8Ce*rat"o*dus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of ganoid fishes, of the order Dipnoi, first known
as Mesozoic fossil fishes; but recently two living species have
been discovered in Australian rivers. They have lungs so well
developed that they can leave the water and breathe in air. In
Australia they are called salmon and
baramunda. See Dipnoi, and
Archipterygium.
Cer`a*to*hy"al (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Pertaining to
the bone, or carts, large, below the epihyal in the hyoid
arch. -- n. A ceratohyal bone, or
cartilage, which, in man, forms one of the small horns of the
hyoid.
\'d8Cer`a*to*sau"rus (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Paleon.) A carnivorous American Jurassic
dinosaur allied to the European Megalosaurus. The animal was
nearly twenty feet in length, and the skull bears a bony horn
core on the united nasal bones. See Illustration in
Appendix.
\'d8Cer`a*to*spon"gi*\'91 (?), n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of sponges in which the
skeleton consists of horny fibers. It includes all the commercial
sponges.
Ce*rau"nics (?), n. [Gr. That branch of physics which
treats of heat and electricity.
R. Park.
Ce*rau"no*scope (?), n. [Gr.
-scope.] An
instrument or apparatus employed in the ancient mysteries to
imitate thunder and lightning.
T. Moore.
<-- p. 234 -->
Cer*be"re*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to, or resembling, Cerberus. [Written
also Cerberian.]
With wide Cerberean mouth.
Milton.
Cer"be*rus (?), n. [L. Cerberus
(in sense 1), gr.
1. (Class. Myth.) A monster, in the
shape, of a three-headed dog, guarding the entrance into the
infernal regions, Hence: Any vigilant custodian or guardian, esp.
if surly.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of East Indian
serpents, allied to the pythons; the bokadam.
Cer"cal (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
tail.
\'d8Cer*ca"ri*a (?), n.; pl.
Cercarle ( [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The larval form of a
trematode worm having the shape of a tadpole, with its body
terminated by a tail-like appendage.
Cer*ca"ri*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of, like, or pertaining to, the
Cercari\'91. -- n. One of the
Cercari\'91.
Cer"co*pod (?), n. [Gr. -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the jointed antenniform appendage of the posterior somites of
cartain insects.
Packard.
\'d8Cer"cus (?), n.; pl.
Cerci (. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See
Cercopod.
Cere (?), n. [L.
cera wax: cf. F. cire.]
(Zo\'94l.) The soft naked sheath at the base of
the beak of birds of prey, parrots, and some other birds. See
Beak.
Cere, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cering.] [L. cerare, fr.
cera wax: cf. F. cirer.] To wax;
to cover or close with wax.
Wiseman.
Ce"re*al (?), a. [L.
Cerealis pert. to Ceres, and hence, to agriculture.
See Ceres.] Of or pertaining to the grasses
which are cultivated for their edible seeds (as wheat, maize,
rice, etc.), or to their seeds or grain.
Ce"re*al n. Any grass cultivated for its
edible grain, or the grain itself; -- usually in the
plural.
\'d8Ce`re*a"li*a (?), n. pl.
[L. See Cereal.]
1. (Antiq.) Public festivals in honor of
Ceres.
2. The cereals.
Crabb.
Ce"re*a*lin (?), n.
(Chem.) A nitrogenous substance closely
resembling diastase, obtained from bran, and possessing the power
of converting starch into dextrin, sugar, and lactic acid.
Watts.
Cer"e*bel, n. The cerebellum.
Derham.
{ Cer`e*bel"lar (?),
Cer`e*bel"lous (?), } a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to the cerebellum.
Cer`e*bel"lum (?), n.; pl. E.
Cerebellums (, L. Cerebella
(. [L., dim. of cerebrum
brain.] (Anat.) The large lobe of the hind
brain in front of and above the medulla; the little brain. It
controls combined muscular action. See Brain.
Cer"e*bral (?), a. [L.
cerebrum brain; akin to Gr. c\'82r\'82bral. See Cheer.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the cerebrum.
Cerebral apoplexy. See under
Apoplexy.
Cer"e*bral, n. [A false translation of
the Skr. m\'d4rdhanya, lit., head-sounds.]
One of a class of lingual consonants in the East Indian
languages. See Lingual, n.
linguals, and this is their usual designation in the
United States.
Cer"e*bral*ism (?), n.
(Philos.) The doctrine or theory that psychical
phenomena are functions or products of the brain only.
Cer"e*bral*ist, n. One who accepts
cerebralism.
Cer"e*brate (?), v. i.
(Physiol.) To exhibit mental activity; to have
the brain in action.
Cer`e*bra"tion (?), n. Action
of the brain, whether conscious or unconscious.
Cer"e*bric (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or derived from, the brain.
Cerebric acid (Physiol. Chem.), a
name formerly sometimes given to cerebrin.
Cer`e*bric"i*ty (?), n. Brain
power. [R.]
Ce*reb"ri*form (?), a.
[Cerebrum + -form.] Like
the brain in form or substance.
Cer`e*brif"u*gal (?), a.
[Cerebrum + L. fugere to flee.]
(Physiol.) Applied to those nerve fibers which go
from the brain to the spinal cord, and so transfer cerebral
impulses (centrifugal impressions) outwards.
Cer"e*brin (?), n. [From
Cerebrum.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
nonphosphorized, nitrogenous substance, obtained from brain and
nerve tissue by extraction with boiling alcohol. It is uncertain
whether it exists as such in nerve tissue, or is a product of the
decomposition of some more complex substance.
Cer`e*brip"e*tal (?), a.
[Cerebrum + L. petere to seek.]
(Physiol.) Applied to those nerve fibers which go
from the spinal cord to the brain and so transfer sensations
(centripetal impressions) from the exterior inwards.
\'d8Cer`e*bri"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. E. cerebrum + -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the cerebrum.
Cer"e*broid (?), a.
[Cerebrum + -oid.]
Resembling, or analogous to, the cerebrum or brain.
Cer`e*brol"o*gy (?), n.
[Cerebrum + -logy.] The
science which treats of the cerebrum or brain.
Cer`e*brop"a*thy (?), n.
[Cerebrum + Gr.
(Med.) A hypochondriacal condition verging upon
insanity, occurring in those whose brains have been unduly taxed;
-- called also brain fag.
Cer`e*bros"co*py (?), n.
[Cerebrum + -scopy.]
(Med.) Examination of the brain for the diagnosis
of diseas; esp., the act or process of diagnosticating the
condition of the brain by examination of the interior of the eye
(as with an ophthalmoscope).
Buck.
Cer`e*brose" (?), n. [From
Cerebrum.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
sugarlike body obtained by the decomposition of the nitrogenous
non-phosphorized principles of the brain.
Cer`e*bro-spi"nal (?), a.
[Cerebrum + spinal.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the central nervous
system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
Cerebro-spinal fluid (Physiol.), a
serous fluid secreted by the membranes covering the brain and
spinal cord. -- Cerebro-spinal meningitis,
Cerebro-spinal fever (Med.), a
dangerous epidemic, and endemic, febrile disease, characterized
by inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord,
giving rise to severe headaches, tenderness of the back of the
neck, paralysis of the ocular muscles, etc. It is sometimes
marked by a cutaneous eruption, when it is often called
spotted fever. It is not contagious.
Cer"e*brum (?), n.; pl. E.
Cerebrums (#), L. Cerebra
(#). [L., the brain.]
(Anat.) The anterior, and in man the larger,
division of the brain; the seat of the reasoning faculties and
the will. See Brain.
Cere"cloth` (?), n. [L.
cera wax + E. cloth.] A cloth
smeared with melted wax, or with some gummy or glutinous
matter.
Linen, besmeared with gums, in manner of
cerecloth.
Bacon.
Cere"ment (?), n. [L.
cera wax: cf. F. cirement.]
(a) A cerecloth used for the special purpose of
enveloping a dead body when embalmed. (b) Any
shroud or wrapping for the dead.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al (?), a. [L.
caerimonialis: cf. F. c\'82rimonial. See
Ceremony.] 1. Relating to ceremony,
or external rite; ritual; according to the forms of established
rites.
Ceremonial observances and outward show.
Hallam.
2. Observant of forms; ceremonious. [In this
sense ceremonious is now preferred.]
Donne.
He moves in the dull ceremonial track.
Druden.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al, n. 1. A system
of rules and ceremonies, enjoined by law, or established by
custom, in religious worship, social intercourse, or the courts
of princes; outward form.
The gorgeous ceremonial of the Burgundian
court.
Prescott.
2. The order for rites and forms in the Roman
Catholic church, or the book containing the rules presribed to be
observed on solemn occasions.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ism (?), n.
Adherence to external rites; fondness for ceremony.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ly, adv. According to
rites and ceremonies; as, a person ceremonially
unclean.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ness, n. Quality of being
ceremonial.
Cer`e*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf. F.
c\'82r\'82monieux, L. Caerimoniosus.]
1. Consisting of outward forms and rites;
ceremonial. [In this sense ceremonial is now
preferred.]
The ceremonious part of His worship.
South.
2. According to prescribed or customary rules and
forms; devoted to forms and ceremonies; formally respectful;
punctilious. \'bdCeremonious phrases.\'b8
Addison.
Too ceremonious and traditional.
Shak.
Syn. -- Formal; precise; exact. See Formal.
Cer`e*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. In a
ceremonious way.
Cer`e*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. The quality, or
practice, of being ceremonious.
Cer"e*mo*ny (?), n.; pl.
Ceremonies (#). [F.
c\'82r\'82monie, L. caerimonia; perh. akin
to E. create and from a root signifying to do or
make.] 1. Ar act or series of
acts, often of a symbolical character, prescribed by law, custom,
or authority, in the conduct of important matters, as in the
performance of religious duties, the transaction of affairs of
state, and the celebration of notable events; as, the
ceremony of crowning a sovereign; the
ceremonies observed in consecrating a church; marriage
and baptismal ceremonies.
According to all the rites of it, and according to all the
ceremonies thereof shall ye keep it [the
Passover].
Numb. ix. 3
Bring her up the high altar, that she may
The sacred ceremonies there partake.
Spenser.
[The heralds] with awful ceremony
And trumpet's sound, throughout the host proclaim
A solemn council.
Milton.
2. Behavior regulated by strict etiquette; a formal
method of performing acts of civility; forms of civility
prescribed by custom or authority.
Ceremony was but devised at first
To set a gloss on . . . hollow welcomes . . .
But where there is true friendship there needs none.
Shak.
Al ceremonies are in themselves very silly things;
but yet a man of the world should know them.
Chesterfield.
3. A ceremonial symbols; an emblem, as a crown,
scepter, garland, etc. [Obs.]
Disrobe the images,
If you find them decked with ceremonies.
. . . Let no images
Be hung with C\'91sar's trophies.
Shak.
4. A sign or prodigy; a portent.
[Obs.]
C\'91sar, I never stood on ceremonies,
Yet, now they fright me.
Shak.
Master of ceremonies, an officer who
determines the forms to be observed, or superintends their
observance, on a public occasion. -- Not to stand on
ceremony, not to be ceremonious; to be familiar,
outspoken, or bold.
Ce"re*ous (?), a. [L.
cereus, fr. cera was.] Waxen;
like wax. [Obs.]
Gayton.
Ce"res (?), n. [L., Ceres, also
corn, grain, akin to E. create.] 1.
(Class. Myth.) The daughter of Saturn and Ops or
Rhea, the goddess of corn and tillage.
2. (Actron.) The first discovered
asteroid.
Cer"e*sin (?), n. [L.
cera wax.] (Chem.) A white wax,
made by bleaching and purifying ozocerite, and used as a
substitute for beeswax.
\'d8Ce"re*us (?), n. [L., a wax
candle, fr. cera wax. So named from the resemblance of
one species to the columnar shape of a wax candle.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants of the Cactus family.
They are natives of America, from California to Chili.
Night-blooming cereus is specially applied to the
Cereus grandiflorus, which is cultivated for its
beautiful, shortlived flowers. The Cereus giganteus,
whose columnar trunk is sometimes sixty feet in height, is a
striking feature of the scenery of New Mexico, Texas,
etc.\'3c--saguaro?= Carnegiea gigantea--\'3e
Cer"i*al (?), a. Same as
Cerial. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ce*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
ra wax + -ferous.] Producing
wax.
Ce"rin (?), n. [L.
cera wax + -in: cf. L. cerinus
wax-colored.] 1. (Chem.) A waxy
substance extracted by alcohol or ether from cork; sometimes
applied also to the portion of beeswax which is soluble in
alcohol.
Watts.
2. (Min.) A variety of the mineral
allanite.
Ce*rin"thi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
One of an ancient religious sect, so called fron
Cerinthus, a Jew, who attempted to unite the doctrines
of Christ with the opinions of the Jews and Gnostics.
Hook.
Cer"iph (?), n. (Type
Founding) One of the fine lines of a letter, esp. one
of the fine cross strokes at the top and bottom of letters.
[Spelt also seriph.]
Savage.
\'d8Ce*rise" (?), a. [F., a
cherry. See Cherry.] Cherry-colored; a light
bright red; \'c3- applied to textile fabrics, especially
silk.
Ce"rite (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A gastropod shell
belonging to the family Cerithi\'8bd\'91; -- so called
from its hornlike form.
Ce"rite, n. [From
Cherium.] (Min.) A mineral of a
brownish of cherry-red color, commonly massive. It is a hydrous
silicate of cerium and allied metals.
Ce"ri*um (?), n. [Named dy
Berzelius in 1803 from the asteroid Ceres, then just
discovered (1801).] (Chem.) A rare metallic
element, occurring in the minerals cerite, allanite, monazite,
etc. Symbol Ce. Atomic weight 141.5. It resembles iron in color
and luster, but is soft, and both malleable and ductile. It
tarnishes readily in the air.
Cer"nu*ous (?), a. [L.
cernuus with the face turned toward the earth.]
(Bot.) Inclining or nodding downward; pendulous;
drooping; -- said of a bud, flower, fruit, or the capsule of a
moss.
Ce"ro (?), n. [Corrupt. fr. Sp.
sierra saw, sawfish, cero.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large and valuable fish of the
Mackerel family, of the genus Scomberomorus. Two
species are found in the West Indies and less commonly on the
Atlantic coast of the United States, -- the common cero
(Scomberomorus caballa), called also
kingfish, and spotted, or king, cero (S.
regalis).
Ce"ro*graph (?), n. [Gr.
khros wax + -graph.]
A writing on wax.
Knight.
{ Ce`ro*graph"ic (?),
Ce`ro*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to cerography.
Ce*rog"ra*phist (?), n. One who
practices cerography.
Ce*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.]
1. The art of making characters or designs in, or
with, wax.
2. A method of making stereotype plates from
inscribed sheets of wax.
Cer"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. \'b5
wax + -lite.] (Min.) A hydrous
silicate of magnesium, allied to serpentine, occurring in waxlike
masses of a yellow or greenish color.
\'d8Ce*ro"ma (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. 1. The unguent (a
composition of oil and wax) with which wrestles were anointed
among the ancient Romans.
2. (Anc. Arch.) That part of the baths
and gymnasia in which bathers and wrestlers anointed
themselves.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The cere of birds.
Cer"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by dropping
melted wax in water.
Ce*roon" (?), n. [See
Seroon.] A bale or package. covered with
hide, or with wood bound with hide; as, a ceroon of
indigo, cochineal, etc.
Ce`ro*plas"tic (?), a. [Gr.
(Fine arts) (a) Relating to the art of
modeling in wax. (b) Modeled in wax; as,
a ceroplastic figure.
{ Ce`ro*plas"tics (?),
Ce`ro*plas"ty (?), } n.
[Gr. c\'82roplastique.] The art of modeling in
wax.
Cer"o*sin (?), n. [L.
cera wax.] (Chem.) A waxy
substance obtained from the bark of the sugar cane, and
crystallizing in delicate white lamin\'91.
Ce"rote (?), n.
[Obs.] See Cerate.
Cer"o*tene (?), n. [L.
cerotum a pomade. See Cerate.]
(Chem.) A white waxy solid obtained from Chinese
wax, and by the distillation of cerotin.
<-- p. 235 -->
Ce*rot"ic (?), a. [See
Cerotene.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or derived from, beeswax or Chinese wax; as, cerotic
acid or alcohol.
Cer"o*tin (?), n. [See
Cerotene.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline substance, C27H55.OH, obtained from
Chinese wax, and regarded as an alcohol of the marsh gas series;
-- called also cerotic alcohol, ceryl
alcohol.
Cer"ri*al (?), a. [L.
cerreus, fr. cerrus a kind of oak.]
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to the cerris.
Chaplets green of cerrial oak.
Dryden.
\'d8Cer"ris (?), n. [L.
cerrus.] (Bot.) A species of oak
(Quercus cerris) native in the Orient and southern
Europe; -- called also bitter oak and
Turkey oak.
Cer"tain (?), a. [F.
certain, fr. (assumed) LL. certanus, fr. L.
certus determined, fixed, certain, orig. p. p. of
cernere to perceive, decide, determine; akin to Gr.
concern,
critic, crime, riddle a sieve,
rinse, v.] 1. Assured in mind;
having no doubts; free from suspicions concerning.
To make her certain of the sad event.
Dryden.
I myself am certain of you.
Wyclif.
2. Determined; resolved; -- used with an
infinitive.
However, I with thee have fixed my lot,
Certain to undergo like doom.
Milton.
3. Not to be doubted or denied; established as a
fact.
The dream is certain, and the interpretation
thereof sure.
Dan. ii. 45.
4. Actually existing; sure to happen;
inevitable.
Virtue that directs our ways
Through certain dangers to uncertain praise.
Dryden.
Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to all.
Shak.
5. Unfailing; infallible.
I have often wished that I knew as certain a remedy
for any other distemper.
Mead.
6. Fixed or stated; regular; determinate.
The people go out and gather a certain rate every
day.
Ex. xvi. 4.
7. Not specifically named; indeterminate;
indefinite; one or some; -- sometimes used independenty as a
noun, and meaning certain persons.
It came to pass when he was in a certain city.
Luke. v. 12.
About everything he wrote there was a certain
natural grace und decorum.
Macaulay.
For certain, assuredly. -- Of a
certain, certainly.
Syn. -- Bound; sure; true; undeniable; unquestionable;
undoubted; plain; indubitable; indisputable; incontrovertible;
unhesitating; undoubting; fixed; stated.
Cer"tain, n. 1.
Certainty. [Obs.]
Gower.
2. A certain number or quantity.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cer"tain, adv. Certainly.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Cer"tain*ly, adv. Without doubt or
question; unquestionably.
Cer"tain*ness, n. Certainty.
Cer"tain*ty (?), n.; pl.
Certainties (#). [OF.
certainet\'82.] 1. The quality,
state, or condition, of being certain.
The certainty of punishment is the truest security
against crimes.
Fisher Ames.
2. A fact or truth unquestionable
established.
Certainties are uninteresting and sating.
Landor.
3. (Law) Clearness; freedom from
ambiguity; lucidity.
Of a certainty, certainly.
Cer"tes (?), adv. [F.
certes, for \'85 certes, fr. L.
certus. See Certain.] Certainly;
in truth; verily. [Archaic]
Certes it great pity was to see
Him his nobility so foul deface.
Spenser.
Cer*tif"i*cate (?), n. [F.
certificat, fr. LL. certificatus made
certain, p. p. of certificare. See
tify.] 1. A written testimony to the
truth of any fact; as, certificate of good
behavior.
2. A written declaration legally
authenticated.
Trial by certificate, a trial which the
testimony of the person certifying is the only proper criterion
of the point in dispute; as, when the issue is whether a person
was absent in the army, this is tried by the certificate of the
proper officer in writing, under his seal.
Blackstone.
Cer*tif"i*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Certificated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Certificating.]
[See Certify.]
1. To verify or vouch for by certificate.
2. To furnish with a certificate; as, to
certificate the captain of a vessel; a
certificated teacher.
Cer`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n.[L.
certificatio: cf. F. certification.]
The act of certifying.
Cer"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who
certifies or assures.
Cer"ti*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Certified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Certifying.] [F. certifier,
LL. certificare; L. certus certain +
facere to make. See Certain, and cf.
Certificate, v. t.] 1. To
give cetain information to; to assure; to make certain.
We certify the king, that . . . thou shalt have no
portion on this side the river.
Ezra iv. 16.
2. To give certain information of; to make certain,
as a fact; to verify.
Hammond.
The industry of science at once certifies and
greatly extends our knowledge of the vastness of the
creation.
I. Taylor.
3. To testify to in writing; to make a declaration
concerning, in writing, under hand, or hand and seal.
The judges shall certify their opinion to the
chancellor, and upon such certificate the decree is usually
founded.
Blackstone.
Certified check, A bank check, the validity of
which is certified by the bank on which it is drawn.
Cer`ti*o*ra"ri (?), n. [So
named from the emphatic word certiorari in the Latin
form of the writ, which read certiorar volumus we wish
to be certified.] (Law) A writ issuing out
of chancery, or a superior court, to call up the records of a
inferior court, or remove a cause there depending, in order that
the party may have more sure and speedy justice, or that errors
and irreguarities may be corrected. It is obtained upon complaint
of a party that he has not received justice, or can not have an
impartial trial in the inferior court.
certiorari is the correct process to
remove the proceedings of a court in which cases are tried in a
manner different from the course of the common law, as of county
commissioners. It is also used as an auxiliary process in order
to obtain a full return to some other process.
Bouvier.
Cer"ti*tude (?), n. [LL.
certitudo, fr. L. certus: cf. F.
certitude. See Certain.] Freedom
from doubt; assurance; certainty.
J. H. Newman.
Cer"ule (?), a. [L.
caerulus, eguiv. to caeruleus.]
Blue; cerulean. [Obs.]
Dyer.
Ce*ru"le*an (?), a. [L.
caeruleus.] Sky-colored; blue; azure.
Cowper.
Blue, blue, as if that sky let fall
A flower from its cerulean wall.
Bryant.
Ce*ru"le*ous (?), a.
Cerulean. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Cer`u*lif"ic (?), a.
[L.arulus dark blue + facere to
make.] Producing a blue or sky color.
[R.]
\'d8Ce*ru"men (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. cera wax.] (Physiol.) The
yellow, waxlike secretion from the glands of the external ear;
the earwax.
Ce*ru"mi*nous (?), a.
(Physiol.) Pertaining to, or secreting, cerumen;
as, the ceruminous glands.
Ce"ruse (?), n. [F.
c\'82ruse, L. cerussa.] 1.
White lead, used as a pigment. See White lead,
under White.
2. A cosmetic containing white lead.
To distinguish ceruse from natural bloom.
Macaulay.
3. (Min.) The native carbonate of
lead.
Ce"rused (?), a. Washed with a
preparation of white lead; as, cerused
face.
Beau. & Fl.
{ Ce"ru*site (?), Ce"rus*site
(?), } n. (Min.) Native
lead carbonate; a mineral occurring in colorless, white, or
yellowish transparent crystals, with an adamantine, also massive
and compact.
Cer"van*tite (?), n. [Named
from Cervantes a town in Spain.]
(Min.) See under Antimony.
Cer"ve*lat (?), n. [F.]
(Mus.) An ancient wind instrument, resembling the
bassoon in tone.
Cer"vi*cal, a. [L. cervix,
-icis, neck: cf. F. cervical.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the neck; as, the
cervical vertebr\'91.
Cer"vi*cide (?), n. [L.
cervus deer + caedere to kill.]
The act of killing deer; deer-slaying.
[R.]
Cer"vine (?), a. [L.
cervinus, fr. cervus deer: cf. F.
cervin.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the deer, or to the family
Cervid\'91.
\'d8Cer"vix (?), n.; pl. E.
Cervixes (#), L. Cervices
(#). [L.] (Anat.) The
neck; also, the necklike portion of any part, as of the womb. See
Illust. of Bird.
\'d8Cer"vus (?), n. [L., a
deer.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ruminants,
including the red deer and other allied species.
Cervus.
Ce"ryl (?), n. [L.
cera wax + -yl.] (Chem.)
A radical, C27H55 supposed to exist in
several compounds obtained from Chinese wax, beeswax, etc.
{ Ce*sa"re*an (?), Ce*sa"ri*an,
} a. Same as C\'91sarean,
C\'91sarian.
Ce"sar*ism (?), n. See
C\'91sarism.
Ces"pi*tine (?), n. [L.
caespes, caespitis, a turf.] An
oil obtained by distillation of peat, and containing various
members of the pyridine series.
Ces"pi*ti`tious (?), a. [L.
caespiticius, fr. caespes turf.]
Same as Cespitious. [R.]
Gough.
Ces"pi*tose` (?), a. [L.
caespes turf.] (Bot.) Having the
form a piece of turf, i. e., many stems from one
rootstock or from many entangled rootstocks or roots.
[Written also c\'91spitose.]
Ces"pi*tous (?), a. [See
Cespitose.] Pertaining to, consisting, of
resembling, turf; turfy.
A cespitous or turfy plant has many stems from the
same root, usually forming a close, thick carpet of matting.
Martyn.
Cess (?), n. [For
sess, conts. from Assess.] 1.
A rate or tax. [Obs. or Prof. Eng. &
Scot.]
Spenser.
2. Bound; measure. [Obs.]
The poor jade is wrung in the withers out of all
cess.
Shak.
Cess, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cessing.] To rate; to tax; to
assess.
Spenser.
Cess, v. i. [F. cesser. See
Cease.] To cease; to neglect.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ces"sant (?) a. [L.
cessans, p. pr. of cessare. See
Cease.] Inactive; dormant
[Obs.]
W. Montagu.
Ces*sa"tion (?), n. [F.
cessation, L. cessatio, fr.
cessare. See Cease.] A ceasing of
discontinuance, as of action, whether termporary or final; a
stop; as, a cessation of the war.
The temporary cessation of the papal
iniquities.
Motley.
The day was yearly observed for a festival by
cessation from labor.
Sir J. Hayward.
Cessation of arms (Mil.), an
armistice, or truce, agreed to by the commanders of armies, to
give time for a capitulation, or for other purposes.
Syn. -- Stop; rest; stay; pause; discontinuance;
intermission; interval; respite; interruption; recess;
remission.
\'d8Ces*sa"vit (?), n. [L., he
has ceased.] [O. Eng. Law] A writ given
by statute to recover lands when the tenant has for two years
failed to perform the conditions of his tenure.
Ces"ser (?), n. [From
Cess, v. i.] (Law) a
neglect of a tenant to perform services, or make payment, for two
years.
Ces"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
cessible. See Cession.] Giving
way; yielding. [Obs.] --
Ces`si*bil"i*ty (#), n.
[Obs.]
Sir K. Digby.
Ces"sion (?), n. [L.
cessio, fr. cedere to give way: cf. F.
Cession. See Cede.] 1. A
yielding to physical force. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. Concession; compliance.
[Obs.]
3. A yielding, or surrender, as of property or
rights, to another person; the act of ceding.
A cession of the island of New Orleans.
Bancroft.
4. (Eccl. Law) The giving up or vacating
a benefice by accepting another without a proper
dispensation.
5. (Civil Law) The voluntary surrender
of a person's effects to his creditors to avoid
imprisonment.
Ces"sion*a*ry (?), a. [LL.
cessionarius, from cessionare to cede, fr.
L. cessio: cf. F. cessionnaire. See
Cession.] Having surrendered the effects;
as, a cessionary bankrupt.
Martin.
Cess"ment (?), n. [From
Cess, v. t.] An assessment or
tax. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Ces"sor (?), n. [From
Cess, v. i. Cf. Cesser.]
(Law) One who neglects, for two years, to perform
the service by which he holds lands, so that he incurs the danger
of the writ of cessavit. See Cessavit.
Cowell.
Ces"sor, n. [From Cess, v.
t.] An assessor. [Obs.]
Cess`pipe" (?), n. A pipe for
carrying off waste water, etc., from a sink or cesspool.
Knight.
Cess"pool` (?), n. [See
Sesspol.] A cistern in the course, or the
termination, of a drain, to collect sedimentary or superfluous
matter; a privy vault; any receptace of filth.
[Written also sesspool.]
Cest (?), n. [L.
cestus: cf. OF. ceste.] A
woman's girdle; a cestus. [R.]
Collins.
Ces"tode (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Cestoidea. -- n. One of the
Cestoidea.
Ces"toid, a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the Cestoidea. -- n.
One of the Cestoidea.
\'d8Ces*toid"e*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., gr. Gr. -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) A class of parasitic worms
(Platelminthes) of which the tapeworms are the most
common examples. The body is flattened, and usually but not
always long, and composed of numerous joints or segments, each of
which may contain a complete set of male and female reproductive
organs. They have neither mouth nor intestine. See
Tapeworm. [Written also
Cestoda.]
Ces*told"e*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Cestoidea.
Ces*tra"ci*ont (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A shark of the
genus Cestracion, and of related genera. The posterior
teeth form a pavement of bony plates for crushing shellfish. Most
of the species are extinct. The Port Jackson shark and a similar
one found in California are living examples.
Ces*tra"ci*ont, a. (Zo\'94l.)
Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the genus
Cestracion.
Ces"tus (?), n. [L.
cestus girdle, Gr. 1. (Antiq.) A
girdle; particularly that of Aphrodite (or Venus) which gave the
wearer the power of exciting love.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of Ctenophora. The
typical species (Cestus Veneris) is remarkable for its
brilliant iridescent colors, and its long, girdlelike form.
Ces"tus, n. [L. caestus, and
cestus.] (Antiq.) A covering for
the hands of boxers, made of leather bands, and often loaded with
lead or iron.
{ \'d8Ces"tuy or \'d8Ces"tui (?),
} pron. [Norm. F.] (Law)
He; the one.
Cestuy que trust ( [norm.
F.], a person who has the equitable and beneficial
interest in property, the legal interest in which is vested in a
trustee. Wharton. -- Cestuy que use
( [Norm. F.], a person for whose use
land, etc., is granted to another.
Ce*su"ra (?), n. See
C\'91sura.
Ce*su"ral (?), a. See
C\'91sural.
\'d8Ce*ta"ce*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., from L. cetus whale, Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of marine mammals, including
the whales. Like ordinary mammals they breathe by means of lungs,
and bring forth living young which they suckle for some time. The
anterior limbs are changed to paddles; the tail flukes are
horizontal. There are two living suborders: (a)
The Mysticete or whalebone whales, having no
true teeth after birth, but with a series of plates of whalebone
[see Baleen.] hanging down from the upper jaw on each
side, thus making a strainer, through which they receive the
small animals upon which they feed. (b)
The Denticete, including the dolphins and sperm
whale, which have teeth. Another suborder
(Zeuglodontia) is extinct. The Sirenia were
formerly included in the Cetacea, but are now made a separate
order.
Ce*ta"cean (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Cetacea.
Ce*ta"ceous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Cetacea.
\'d8Ce"te (?), n. [L.,
pl.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Cetacea, or collectively, the Cetacea.
Ce"tene (?), n. [See
Cete.] (Chem.) An oily
hydrocarbon, C16H32, of the ethylene series,
obtained from spermaceti.
Cet"e*rach (?), n. [F.
c\'82t\'82rac, fr. Ar. shetrak.]
(Bot.) A species of fern with fronds
(Asplenium Ceterach).
Cet"e*wale (?), n. [OF.
citoal, F. zedoaire. See
Zedoary.] Same as Zedoary.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ce"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining
to a whale.
Ce"tin (?), n. [L.
cetus whale.] (Chem.) A white,
waxy substance, forming the essential part of spermaceti.
<-- p. 236 -->
Ce`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to cetology.
Ce*tol"o*gist (?), a. One
versed in cetology.
Ce*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. c\'82tologie.]
The description or natural history of cetaceous
animals.
Ce*trar"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to, or derived from, the lichen, Iceland moss (Cetaria
Islandica).
Cetraric acid. See
Cetrarin.
Cet"ra*rin (?), n. [From
Cetraria Islandica, the scientific name of Iceland
moss.] (Chem.) A white substance extracted
from the lichen, Iceland moss (Cetraria Islandica). It
consists of several ingredients, among which is cetraric
acid, a white, crystalline, bitter substance.
Ce"tyl (?), n. [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.) A radical,
C16H33, not yet isolated, but supposed to exist
in a series of compounds homologous with the ethyl compounds, and
derived from spermaceti.
Ce*tyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, spermaceti.
Cetylic alcohol (Chem.), a white,
waxy, crystalline solid, obtained from spermaceti, and regarded
as homologous with ordinary, or ethyl, alcohol; ethal; -- called
also cetyl alcohol.
Cey"lan*ite (?), n. [F., fr.
Ceylan Ceylon.] (Min.) A dingy
blue, or grayish black, variety of spinel. It is also called
pleonaste. [Written also
ceylonite.]
Cey`lon*ese" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Ceylon. -- n. sing. & pl.
A native or natives of Ceylon.
C.G.S. An abbreviation for Centimeter,
Gram, Second. -- applied to a system of units
much empoyed in physical science, based upon the centimeter as
the unit of length, the gram as the unit of weight or mass, and
the second as the unit of time.
Chab (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The red-bellied wood pecker (Melanerpes
Carolinus).
{ Chab"a*site (?), Cab"a*zite
(?), } n. [Gr. (Min.) A mineral occuring in
glassy rhombohedral crystals, varying, in color from white to
yellow or red. It is essentially a hydrous silicate of alumina
and lime. Called also chabasie.
\'d8Cha*blis" (?), n.
[F.] A white wine made near Chablis, a town in
France.
<-- 2. a white wine resembling Chablis[1], but made elsewhere, as
in California. -->
{ \'d8Cha*bouk", \'d8Cha*buk"
(?), } n. [Hind.
ch\'bebuk horsewhip.] A long whip, such as
is used in the East in the infliction of punishment.
Balfour.
Chace (?), n. See 3d
Chase, n., 3.
Chace, v. t. To pursue. See
Chase v. t.
\'d8Cha`cha*la"ca (?), n.
[Native name, prob. given in imitation of its cry.]
(Zo\'94l.) The texan guan (Ortalis
vetula). [written also
chiacalaca.]
Chak (?), v. i. To toss up the
head frequently, as a horse to avoid the restraint of the
bridle.
\'d8Chac"ma (?), n. [Native
name.] A large species of African baboon
(Cynocephalus porcarius); -- called also
ursine baboon. [See Illust.
of Baboon.]
\'d8Cha*conne" (?), n. [F., fr.
Sp. chacona.] (Mus.) An old
Spanish dance in moderate three-four measure, like the
Passacaglia, which is slower. Both are used by classical
composers as themes for variations.
Chad (?), n. See
Shad. [Obs.]
\'d8Ch\'91*te"tes (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
fossil corals, common in the lower Silurian limestones.
Ch\'91*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Gr.
-ferous.] (Zo\'94l.)
Bearing set\'91.
Ch\'91"to*dont (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
marine fish of the family Ch\'91todontid\'91. The
ch\'91todonts have broad, compressed bodies, and usually bright
colors.
Ch\'91to*dont, a. Of or pertaining to
the Ch\'91todonts or the family
Ch\'91todontid\'91.
Ch\'91"tog*nath (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Ch\'91tognatha.
\'d8Ch\'91*tog"na*tha (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l) An order of free-swimming marine worms,
of which the genus Sagitta is the type. They have
groups of curved spines on each side of the head.
Ch\'91"to*pod (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Ch\'91topoda.
-- n. One of the Ch\'91topoda.
\'d8Ch\'91*top"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) A very extensive order of Annelida,
characterized by the presence of lateral set\'91, or spines, on
most or all of the segments. They are divided into two principal
groups: Oligoch\'91ta, including the earthworms and
allied forms, and Polych\'91ta, including most of the
marine species.
Ch\'91"to*tax`y (?), n. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The
arrangement of bristles on an insect.
Chafe (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chafed (?);
p pr. & vb. n. Chafing.]
[OE. chaufen to warm, OF. chaufer, F.
chauffer, fr. L. calefacere,
calfacere, to make warm; calere to be warm
+ facere to make. See Caldron.]
1. To ecxite heat in by friction; to rub in order
to stimulate and make warm.
To rub her temples, and to chafe her skin.
Spenser.
2. To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to
irritate.
Her intercession chafed him.
Shak.
3. To fret and wear by rubbing; as, to
chafe a cable.
Two slips of parchment which she sewed round it to prevent its
being chafed.
Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- To rub; fret; gall; vex; excite; inflame.
Chafe, v. i. To rub; to come together so
as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction.
Made its great boughs chafe together.
Longfellow.
The troubled Tiber chafing with her shores.
Shak.
2. To be worn by rubbing; as, a cable
chafes.
3. To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to
fret; to be irritated.
Spenser.
He will chafe at the doctor's marrying my
daughter.
Shak.
Chafe, n. 1. Heat excited by
friction.
2. Injury or wear caused by friction.
3. Vexation; irritation of mind; rage.
The cardinal in a chafe sent for him to
Whitehall.
Camden.
Chaf"er (?), n. 1. One
who chafes.
2. A vessel for heating water; -- hence, a dish or
pan.
A chafer of water to cool the ends of the
irons.
Baker.
Chaf"er, n. [AS. ceafor; akin
to D. kever, G k\'89fer.]
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of beetle; the cockchafer. The
name is also applied to other species; as, the rose
chafer.
Chaf"er*y (?), n. [See
Chafe, v. t.] (Iron Works)
An open furnace or forge, in which blooms are heated before
being wrought into bars.
{ Chafe"wax` (?), Chaff"wax`
(?), } n. (Eng. Law)
Formerly a chancery officer who fitted wax for sealing writs
and other documents.
Chafe"weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) The cudweed (Gnaphalium), used
to prevent or cure chafing.
Chaff (?), n. [AC.
ceaf; akin to D. kaf, G.
kaff.]
1. The glumes or husks of grains and grasses
separated from the seed by threshing and winnowing, etc.
So take the corn and leave the chaff behind.
Dryden.
Old birds are not caught with caff.
Old Proverb.
2. Anything of a comparatively light and worthless
character; the refuse part of anything.
The chaff and ruin of the times.
Shak.
3. Straw or hay cut up fine for the food of
cattle.
By adding chaff to his corn, the horse must take
more time to eat it. In this way chaff is very
useful.
Ywatt.
4. Light jesting talk; banter; raillery.
5. (Bot.) The scales or bracts on the
receptacle, which subtend each flower in the heads of many
Composit\'91, as the sunflower.
Gray.
Chaff cutter, a machine for cutting, up straw,
etc., into \'bdchaff\'b8 for the use of cattle.
Chaff, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chaffed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chaffing.] To use light, idle
lagnguage by way of fun or ridicule; to banter.
Chaff, v. t. To make fun of; to turn
into ridicule by addressing in ironical or bantering language; to
quiz.
Morgan saw that his master was chaffing him.
Thackeray.
A dozen honest fellows . . . chaffed each other
about their sweethearts.
C. Kingsley.
Chaff"er, n. One who chaffs.
Chaf"fer (?), n. [OE.
chaffare, cheapfare; AS. ce\'a0p
a bargain, price + faru a journey; hence, originally,
a going to barain, to market. See Cheap, and
Fare.] Bargaining; merchandise.
[Obs.]
Holished.
Chaf"fer, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chaffered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chaffering.] [OE.
chaffaren, fr. chaffare,
chapfare, cheapfare, a bargaining. See
Chaffer, n.]
1. To treat or dispute about a purchase; to
bargain; to haggle or higgle; to negotiate.
To chaffer for preferments with his gold.
Dryden.
2. To talk much and idly; to chatter.
Trench.
Chaf"fer, v. t. 1. To buy or
sell; to trade in.
He chaffered chairs in which churchmen were
set.
Spenser.
2. To exchange; to bandy, as words.
Spenser.
Chaf"fer*er (?), n. One who
chaffers; a bargainer.
Chaf"fern (?), n. [See
Chafe, v. t.] A vessel for heating
water. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Chaf"fer*y, n. Traffic;
bargaining. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Chaf"finch (?), n. [Cf.
Chiff-chaff.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird of
Europe (Fringilla c\'d2lebs), having a variety of very
sweet songs, and highly valued as a cage bird; -- called also
copper finch.
Chaff"ing (?), n. The use of
light, frivolous language by way of fun or ridicule; raillery;
banter.
Chaff"less, a. Without chaff.
Chaff"y (?), a. 1.
Abounding in, or resembling, chaff.
Chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail.
Coleridge.
2. Light or worthless as chaff.
Slight and chaffy opinion.
Glanvill.
3. (Bot.) (a) Resembling chaff;
composed of light dry scales. (b) Bearing or
covered with dry scales, as the under surface of certain ferns,
or the disk of some composite flowers.
Chaf"ing (?), n. [See
Chafe, v. t.] The act of rubbing,
or wearing by friction; making by rubbing.
Chafing dish, a dish or vessel for cooking on
the table, or for keeping food warm, either by coals, by a lamp,
or by hot water; a portable grate for coals. -- Chafing
gear (Naut.), any material used to protect
sails, rigging, or the like, at points where they are exposed to
friction.
Cha*green" (?), n. See
Shagreen.
Cha*grin" (?), n. [F., fr.
chagrin shagreen, a particular kind of rough and
grained leather; also a rough fishskin used for graters and
files; hence (Fig.), a gnawing, corroding grief. See
Shagreen.] Vexation; mortification.
I must own that I felt rather vexation and chagrin
than hope and satisfaction.
Richard Porson.
Hear me, and touch Belinda with chagrin.
Pope.
Syn. -- Vexation; mortification; peevishness; fretfulness;
disgust; disquiet. Chagrin,
Vexation, Mortification. These words agree in
the general sense of pain produced by untoward circumstances.
Vexation is a feeling of disquietude or irritating
uneasiness from numerous causes, such as losses, disappointments,
etc. Mortification is a stronger word, and denotes
that keen sense of pain which results fron wounded pride or
humiliating occurrences. Chagrin is literally the
cutting pain produced by the friction of Shagreen
leather; in its figurative sense, it varies in meaning, denoting
in its lower degrees simply a state of vexation, and its higher
degrees the keenest sense of mortification.
\'bdVexation arises chiefly fron our wishes and views
being crossed: mortification, from our self-importance
being hurt; chagrin, from a mixture of the two.\'b8
Crabb.
Cha*grin", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chagrined (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chargrining.] [Cf. F.
chagriner See Chagrin, n.]
To excite ill-humor in; to vex; to mortify; as, he was
not a little chagrined.
Cha*grin", v. i. To be vexed or
annoyed.
Fielding.
Cha*grin", a. Chagrined.
Dryden.
Chain (?), n. [F.
cha\'8cne, fr. L. catena. Cf.
Catenate.] 1. A series of links or
rings, usually of metal, connected, or fitted into one another,
used for various purposes, as of support, of restraint, of
ornament, of the exertion and transmission of mechanical power,
etc.
[They] put a chain of gold about his neck.
Dan. v. 29.
2. That which confines, fetters, or secures, as a
chain; a bond; as, the chains of habit.
Driven down
To chains of darkness and the undying worm.
Milton.
3. A series of things linked together; or a series
of things connected and following each other in succession;
as, a chain of mountains; a chain of events
or ideas.
4. (Surv.) An instrument which consists
of links and is used in measuring land.
Gunter's chain,
which consists of one hundred links, each link being seven inches
and ninety-two one hundredths in length; making up the total
length of rods, or sixty-six, feet; hence, a measure of that
length; hence, also, a unit for land measure equal to four rods
square, or one tenth of an acre.
5. pl. (Naut.) Iron links
bolted to the side of a vessel to bold the dead-eyes connected
with the shrouds; also, the channels.
6. (Weaving) The warp threads of a
web.
Knight.
Chain belt (Mach.), a belt made of
a chain; -- used for transmitting power. -- Chain
boat, a boat fitted up for recovering lost cables,
anchors, etc. -- Chain bolt (a)
(Naut.) The bolt at the lower end of the chain
plate, which fastens it to the vessel's side. (b)
A bolt with a chain attached for drawing it out of
position. -- Chain bond. See Chain
timber. -- Chain bridge, a bridge
supported by chain cables; a suspension bridge. --
Chain cable, a cable made of iron links. --
Chain coral (Zo\'94l.), a fossil coral
of the genus Halysites, common in the middle and upper
Silurian rocks. The tubular corallites are united side by side in
groups, looking in an end view like links of a chain. When
perfect, the calicles show twelve septa. -- Chain
coupling. (a) A shackle for uniting lengths of
chain, or connecting a chain with an object. (b)
(Railroad) Supplementary coupling together of cars
with a chain. -- Chain gang, a gang of
convicts chained together. -- Chain hook
(Naut.), a hook, used for dragging cables about
the deck. -- Chain mail, flexible, defensive
armor of hammered metal links wrought into the form of a
garment. -- Chain molding (Arch.),
a form of molding in imitation of a chain, used in the Normal
style. -- Chain pier, a pier suspended by
chain. -- Chain pipe (Naut.), an
opening in the deck, lined with iron, through which the cable is
passed into the lockers or tiers. -- Chain plate
(Shipbuilding), one of the iron plates or bands,
on a vessel's side, to which the standing rigging is
fastened. -- Chain pulley, a pulley with
depressions in the periphery of its wheel, or projections from
it, made to fit the links of a chain. -- Chain
pumps. See in the Vocabulary. -- Chain
rule (Arith.), a theorem for solving
numerical problems by composition of ratios, or compound
proportion, by which, when several ratios of equality are given,
the consequent of each being the same as the antecedent of the
next, the relation between the first antecedent and the last
consequent is discovered. -- Chain shot
(Mil.), two cannon balls united by a shot chain,
formerly used in naval warfare on account of their destructive
effect on a ship's rigging. -- Chain stitch.
See in the Vocabulary. -- Chain timber.
(Arch.) See Bond timber, under
Bond. -- Chain wales. (Naut.)
Same as Channels. -- Chain wheel.
See in the Vocabulary. -- Closed chain,
Open chain (Chem.), terms
applied to the chemical structure of compounds whose rational
formul\'91 are written respectively in the form of a closed ring
(see Benzene nucleus, under Benzene), or in
an open extended form. -- Endless chain, a
chain whose ends have been united by a link.
Chain, v. t. [imp. p.
p. Chained (ch\'bend); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chaining.] 1. To
fasten, bind, or connect with a chain; to fasten or bind
securely, as with a chain; as, to chain a
bulldog.
Chained behind the hostile car.
Prior.
2. To keep in slavery; to enslave.
And which more blest? who chained his country, say
Or he whose virtue sighed to lose a day?
Pope.
3. To unite closely and strongly.
And in this vow do chain my soul to thine.
Shak.
4. (Surveying) To measure with the
chain.
5. To protect by drawing a chain across, as a
harbor.
<-- p. 237 -->
Chain"less (?), a. Having no
chain; not restrained or fettered. \'bdThe
chainless mind.\'b8
Byron.
Chain"let (?), n. A small
chain.
Sir W. Scott.
Chain" pump` (?). A pump consisting of an
endless chain, running over a drum or wheel by which it is moved,
and dipping below the water to be raised. The chain has at
intervals disks or lifts which fit the tube through which the
ascending part passes and carry the water to the point of
discharge.
Chain" stitch` (?). 1. An
ornamental stitch like the links of a chain; -- used in
crocheting, sewing, and embroidery.
2. (Machine Sewing) A stitch in which
the looping of the thread or threads forms a chain on the under
side of the work; the loop stitch, as distinguished from the lock
stitch. See Stitch.
Chain" wheel` (?). 1. A chain
pulley, or sprocket wheel.
2. An inversion of the chain pump, by which it
becomes a motor driven by water.
Chain"work` (?), n. Work looped
or linked after the manner of a chain; chain stitch work.
Chair (?), n. [OE.
chaiere, chaere, OF. chaiere,
chaere, F. chaire pulpit, fr. L.
cathedra chair, armchair, a teacher's or professor's
chair, Gr. sit. See Sit, and cf. Cathedral,
chaise.]
1. A movable single seat with a back.
2. An official seat, as of a chief magistrate or a
judge, but esp. that of a professor; hence, the office
itself.
The chair of a philosophical school.
Whewell.
A chair of philology.
M. Arnold.
3. The presiding officer of an assembly; a
chairman; as, to address the chair.
4. A vehicle for one person; either a sedan borne
upon poles, or two-wheeled carriage, drawn by one horse; a
gig.
Shak.
Think what an equipage thou hast in air,
And view with scorn two pages and a chair.
Pope.
5. An iron blok used on railways to support the
rails and secure them to the sleepers.
Chair days, days of repose and age. --
To put into the chair, to elect as president, or
as chairman of a meeting. Macaulay. -- To
take the chair, to assume the position of president, or
of chairman of a meeting.
Chair, v. t. [imp. & p.
pr. Chaired (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chairing.] 1. To
place in a chair.
2. To carry publicly in a chair in triumph.
[Eng.]
Chair"man (?), n.; pl.
Chairmen (.
1. The presiding officer of a committee, or of a
public or private meeting, or of any organized body.
2. One whose business it is to cary a chair or
sedan.
Breaks watchmen's heads and chairmen's glasses.
Prior.
Chair"man*ship, n. The office of a
chairman of a meeting or organized body.
Chaise (?), n. [F.
chaise seat, or chair, chaise or carriage, for
chaire, from a peculiar Parisian pronunciation. See
Chair.] 1. A two-wheeled carriage
for two persons, with a calash top, and the body hung on leather
straps, or thoroughbraces. It is usually drawn by one
horse.
2. Loosely, a carriage in
general.
Cowper.
\'d8Cha"ja (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The crested screamer of
Brazil (Palamedea, ), so called
in imitation of its notes; -- called also
chauna, and faithful
kamichi. It is often domesticated and is useful in
guarding other poultry. See Kamichi.
\'d8Cha*la"za (?), n.; pl. E.
Chalazas, L. Chalaz\'91 (#).
[NL., fr. Gr. 1.
(Bot.) The place on an ovule, or seed, where its
outer coats cohere with each other and the nucleus.
2. (Biol.) A spiral band of thickened
albuminous substance which exists in the white of the bird's egg,
and serves to maintain the yolk in its position; the
treadle.
Cha*la"zal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the chalaza.
Cha*laze" (?), n. Same as
Chalaza.
Chal`a*zif"er*ous (?), a.
[Chalaza + -ferous.] Having
or bearing chalazas.
\'d8Cha*la"zi*on (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Med.)
A small circumscribed tumor of the eyelid caused by
retention of secretion, and by inflammation of the Melbomian
glands.
Chal*can"thite (?), n. [L.
chalcanthum a solution of blue vitriol, Gr.
(Min.) Native blue vitriol. See
Blue vitriol, under Blue.
Chal"ce*don"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to chalcedony.
Chal*ced"o*ny (?), n.; pl.
Chalcedonies (#). [ L.
chalcedonius, fr. Gr. calc\'82doine, OE.
calcidoine, casidoyne. Cf.
Cassidony.] (Min.) A
cryptocrystalline, translucent variety of quartz, having usually
a whitish color, and a luster nearly like wax.
[Written also calcedony.]
agate; and if by reason of the thickness, color, and
arrangement of the layers it is suitable for being carved into
cameos, it is called onyx. Chrysoprase is
green chalcedony; carnelian, a flesh red, and
sard, a brownish red variety.
\'d8Chal`chi*huitl (?), n.
(Min.) The Mexican name for turquoise. See
Turquoise.
Chal"cid fly` (?). [From Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One
of a numerous family of hymenopterous insects
(Chalcidid\'91. Many are gallflies, others are
parasitic on insects.
Chal*cid"i*an (?), n. [L.
chalcis a lizard, Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) One of a tropical family of snakelike
lizards (Chalcid\'91), having four small or
rudimentary legs.
Chal"co*cite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Native copper sulphide,
called also copper glance, and
vitreous copper; a mineral of a black color
and metallic luster. [Formerly written
chalcosine.]
{ Chal*cog"ra*pher (?),
Chal*cog"ra*phist (?), } n.
An engraver on copper or brass; hence, an engraver of copper
plates for printing upon paper.
Chal*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
-graphy.] The act or
art of engraving on copper or brass, especially of engraving for
printing.
Chal`co*pyr"ite (?), n. [Gr.
pyrite. So named from its color.]
(Min.) Copper pyrites, or yellow copper ore; a
common ore of opper, containing copper, iron, and sulphur. It
occurs massive and in tetragonal crystals of a bright brass
yellow color.
Chal*da"ic (?), a. [L.
Chaldaicus.] Of or pertaining to
Chaldes. -- n. The language or
dialect of the Chaldeans; Chaldee.
Chal"da*ism (?), n. An idiom or
peculiarity in the Chaldee dialect.
Chal*de"an (?), a. [L.
Chaldaeus.] Of or pertaining to
Chaldea. -- n. (a) A native
or inhabitant of Chaldea. (b) A learned man,
esp. an astrologer; -- so called among the Eastern nations,
because astrology and the kindred arts were much cultivated by
the Chaldeans. (c) Nestorian.
Chal"dee (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Chaldea. -- n. The
language or dialect of the Chaldeans; eastern Aramaic, or the
Aramaic used in Chaldea.
Chaldee Paraphrase, A targum written in
Aramaic.
{ Chal"drich (?), Chal"der
(?), } n. [Icel.
tjaldr.] (Zo\'94l.) A kind of
bird; the oyster catcher.
Chal"dron (?), n. [OF.
chaldron, F. chaudron kettle. The same word
as caldron.] An English dry measure, being,
at London, 36 bushels heaped up, or its equivalent weight, and
more than twice as much at Newcastle. Now used exlusively for
coal and coke.
chaldron is
ordinarily 2,940 lbs, but at New York it is 2,500 lbs.
De Colange.
\'d8Cha*let" (?), n. [F.]
1. A herdsman's hut in the mountains of
Switzerland.
Chalets are summer huts for the Swiss herdsmen.
Wordsworth.
2. A summer cottage or country house in the Swiss
mountains; any country house built in the style of the Swiss
cottages.
Chal"ice (?), n. [OR.
chalis, calice, OF. chalice,
calice, F. calice, fr. L. calix,
akin to Gr. helmet. Cf. Calice,
Calyx.] A cup or bowl; especially, the cup
used in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper.
Chal"iced (?), a. Having a
calyx or cup; cupshaped. \'bdChaliced
flowers.\'b8
Shak.
Chalk (?), n. [AS.
cealc lime, from L. calx limestone. See
Calz, and Cawk.] 1.
(Min.) A soft, earthy substance, of a white,
grayish, or yellowish white color, consisting of calcium
carbonate, and having the same composition as common
limestone.
2. (Fine Arts) Finely prepared chalk,
used as a drawing implement; also, by extension, a compound, as
of clay and black lead, or the like, used in the same manner. See
Crayon.
Black chalk, a mineral of a bluish color, of a
slaty texture, and soiling the fingers when handled; a variety of
argillaceous slate. -- By a long chalk, by a
long way; by many degrees. [Slang]
Lowell. -- Chalk drawing (Fine
Arts), a drawing made with crayons. See
Crayon. -- Chalk formation. See
Cretaceous formation, under
Cretaceous. -- Chalk line, a cord
rubbed with chalk, used for making straight lines on boards or
other material, as a guide in cutting or in arranging work.
-- Chalk mixture, a preparation of chalk,
cinnamon, and sugar in gum water, much used in diarrheal
affection, esp. of infants. -- Chalk period.
(Geol.) See Cretaceous period, under
Cretaceous. -- Chalk pit, a pit in
which chalk is dug. -- Drawing chalk. See
Crayon, n., 1. -- French
chalk, steatite or soapstone, a soft magnesian
mineral. -- Red chalk, an indurated clayey
ocher containing iron, and used by painters and artificers;
reddle.
Chalk, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chalked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chalking.] 1. To rub
or mark with chalk.
2. To manure with chalk, as land.
Morimer.
3. To make white, as with chalk; to make pale; to
bleach.
Tennyson.
Let a bleak paleness chalk the door.
Herbert.
To chalk out, to sketch with, or as with,
chalk; to outline; to indicate; to plan. [Colloq.]
\'bdI shall pursue the plan I have chalked
out.\'b8
Burke.
Chalk"cut`ter (?), n. A man who
digs chalk.
Chalk"i*ness (?), n. The state
of being chalky.
Chalk"stone` (?), n. 1.
A mass of chalk.
As chalkstones . . . beaten in sunder.
Isa. xxvii. 9.
2. (Med.) A chalklike concretion,
consisting mainly of urate of sodium, found in and about the
small joints, in the external ear, and in other situations, in
those affected with gout; a tophus.
Chalk"y (?), a. Consisting of,
or resembling, chalk; containing chalk; as, a chalky
cliff; a chalky taste.
Chal"lenge (?), n. [OE.
chalenge claim, accusation, challenge, OF.
chalenge, chalonge, claim, accusation,
contest, fr. L. calumnia false accusation, chicanery.
See Calumny.] 1. An invitation to
engage in a contest or controversy of any kind; a defiance;
specifically, a summons to fight a duel; also, the letter or
message conveying the summons.
A challenge to controversy.
Goldsmith.
2. The act of a sentry in halting any one who
appears at his post, and demanding the countersign.
3. A claim or demand. [Obs.]
There must be no challenge of superiority.
Collier.
4. (Hunting) The opening and crying of
hounds at first finding the scent of their game.
5. (Law) An exception to a juror or to a
member of a court martial, coupled with a demand that he should
be held incompetent to act; the claim of a party that a certain
person or persons shall not sit in trial upon him or his
cause.
Blackstone
6. An exception to a person as not legally qualifed
to vote. The challenge must be made when the ballot is
offered. [U. S.]
Challenge to the array (Law), an
exception to the whole panel. -- Challenge to the
favor, the alleging a special cause, the sufficiency of
which is to be left to those whose duty and office it is to
decide upon it. -- Challenge to the polls, an
exception taken to any one or more of the individual jurors
returned. -- Peremptory challenge, a
privilege sometimes allowed to defendants, of challenging a
certain number of jurors (fixed by statute in different States)
without assigning any cause. -- Principal
challenge, that which the law allows to be sufficient
if found to be true.
Chal"lenge, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Challenged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Challenging.] [OE.
chalengen to accuse, claim, OF. chalengier,
chalongier, to claim, accuse, dispute, fr. L.
calumniar to attack with false accusations. See
Challenge, n., and cf.
Calumniate.] 1. To call to a contest
of any kind; to call to answer; to defy.
I challenge any man to make any pretense to power
by right of fatherhood.
Locke.
2. To call, invite, or summon to answer for an
offense by personal combat.
By this I challenge him to single fight.
Shak.
3. To claim as due; to demand as a right.
Challenge better terms.
Addison.
4. To censure; to blame. [Obs.]
He complained of the emperors . . . and challenged
them for that he had no greater revenues . . . from them.
Holland.
5. (Mil.) To question or demand the
countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines); as, the
sentinel challenged us, with \'bdWho comes
there?\'b8
6. To take exception to; question; as, to
challenge the accuracy of a statement or of a
quotation.
7. (Law) To object to or take exception
to, as to a juror, or member of a court.
8. To object to the reception of the vote of, as on
the ground that the person in not qualifed as a voter.
[U. S.]
To challenge to the array, favor,
polls. See under Challenge,
n.
Chal"lenge, v. i. To assert a right; to
claim a place.
Where nature doth with merit challenge.
Shak.
Chal"lenge*a*ble (?), a. That
may be challenged.
Chal"len*ger (?), n. One who
challenges.
Chal"lis (?), n. [F.
chaly, challis, a stuff made of goat's
hair.] A soft and delicate woolen, or woolen and silk,
fabric, for ladies' dresses. [Written also
chally.]
Cha"lon (?), n. A bed
blanket. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cha*lyb"e*an (?), a. [L.
chalybe\'8bus, fr. chalybs steel, Gr.
1. Of or pertaining to the Chalybes, an
ancient people of Pontus in Asia Minor, celebrated for working in
iron and steel.
2. Of superior quality and temper; -- applied to
steel. [Obs.]
Milton.
Cha*lyb"e*ate (?), a. [NL.
chalybeatus, fr. chalube\'8bus. See
Chalubean.] Impregnated with salts of iron;
having a taste like iron; as, chalybeate
springs.
Cha*lyb"e*ate, n. Any water, liquid, or
medicine, into which iron enters as an ingredient.
Cha*lyb"e*ous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Steel blue; of the color of tempered
steel.
Chal"y*bite (?), n.
(Min.) Native iron carbonate; -- usually called
siderite.
Cham (?), v. t. [See
Chap.] To chew. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
Sir T. More.
Cham (?), n. [See
Khan.] The sovereign prince of Tartary; --
now usually written khan.
Shak.
Cha*made (?), n. [F.
chamade, fr. Pg. chamada, fr.
chamar to call, fr. L. clamare.]
(Mil.) A signal made for a parley by beat of a
drum.
They beat the chamade, and sent us carte
blanche.
Addison.
\'d8Cha"mal (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The Angora goat. See
Angora goat, under Angora.
Cham"ber (?), n. [F.
chambre, fr. L. camera vault, arched roof,
in LL. chamber, fr. Gr. kmar to be crooked. Cf.
Camber, Camera, Comrade.]
1. A retired room, esp. an upper room used for
sleeping; a bedroom; as, the house had four
chambers.
<-- p. 238 -->
2. pl. Apartments in a lodging
house. \'bdA bachelor's life in chambers.\'b8
Thackeray.
3. A hall, as where a king gives audience, or a
deliberative body or assembly meets; as, presence
chamber; senate chamber.
4. A legislative or judicial body; an assembly; a
society or association; as, the Chamber of Deputies;
the Chamber of Commerce.
5. A compartment or cell; an inclosed space or
cavity; as, the chamber of a canal lock; the
chamber of a furnace; the chamber of the
eye.
6. pl. (Law.) A room or
rooms where a lawyer transacts business; a room or rooms where a
judge transacts such official business as may be done out of
court.
7. A chamber pot. [Colloq.]
8. (Mil.) (a) That part of the
bore of a piece of ordnance which holds the charge, esp. when of
different diameter from the rest of the bore; -- formerly, in
guns, made smaller than the bore, but now larger, esp. in
breech-loading guns. (b) A cavity in a mine,
usually of a cubical form, to contain the powder.
(c) A short piece of ornance or cannon, which stood
on its breech, without any carriage, formerly used chiefly for
rejoicings and theatrical cannonades.
Air chamber. See Air chamber, in the
Vocabulary. -- Chamber of commerce, a board
or association to protect the interests of commerce, chosen from
among the merchants and traders of a city. -- Chamber
council, a secret council. Shak. --
Chamber counsel counselor, a counselor who gives his
opinion in private, or at his chambers, but does not advocate
causes in court. -- Chamber fellow, a chamber
companion; a roommate; a chum. -- Chamber
hangings, tapestry or hangings for a chamber. --
Chamber lye, urine. Shak. --
Chamber music, vocal or instrumental music adapted
to performance in a chamber or small apartment or audience room,
instead of a theater, concert hall, or chuch. --
Chamber practice (Law.), the practice
of counselors at law, who give their opinions in private, but do
not appear in court. -- To sit at chambers,
to do business in chambers, as a judge.
Cham"ber (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Chambered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chambering.] 1. To reside in
or occupy a chamber or chambers.
2. To be lascivious. [Obs.]
Cham"ber, v. t. 1. To shut up,
as inn a chamber.
Shak.
2. To furnish with a chamber; as, to
chamber a gun.
Cham"bered (?), a. Having a
chamber or chambers; as, a chambered shell; a
chambered gun.
Cham"ber*er (?), n. 1.
One who attends in a chamber; a chambermaid.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A civilian; a carpetmonger.
[Obs.]
Cham"ber*ing, n. Lewdness.
[Obs.]
Rom. xiii. 13.
Cham"ber*lain (?), n. [OF.
chamberlain, chambrelencF.
chambellon, OHG. chamerling,
chamarlinc, G. k\'84mmerling,
kammer chamber (fr. L. camera) +
-ling. See Chamber, and
-ling.] [Formerly written
chamberlin.] 1. An officer or
servant who has charge of a chamber or chambers.
2. An upper servant of an inn.
[Obs.]
3. An officer having the direction and management
of the private chambers of a nobleman or monarch; hence, in
Europe, one of the high officers of a court.
4. A treasurer or receiver of public money; as,
the chamberlain of London, of North Wales,
etc.
The lord chamberlain of England, an officer of
the crown, who waits upon the sovereign on the day of coronation,
and provides requisites for the palace of Westminster, and for
the House of Lords during the session of Parliament. Under him
are the gentleman of the black rod and other officers. His office
is distinct from that of the lord chamberlain of the
Household, whose functions relate to the royal
housekeeping.
Cham"ber*lain*ship, n. Office if a
chamberlain.
Cham"ber*maid` (?), n. 1.
A maidservant who has the care of chambers, making the beds,
sweeping, cleaning the rooms, etc.
2. A lady's maid. [Obs.]
Johnson.
\'d8Cham`ber*tin" (?), n. A red
wine from Chambertin near Dijon, in Burgundy.
Cham"brel (?), n. Same as
Gambrel.
\'d8Cha*meck" (?), n. [Native
Brazilian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A kind of
spider monkey (Ateles chameck), having the thumbs
rudimentary and without a nail.
Cha*me"le*on (?), n. [L.
Chamaeleon, Gr. Humble, and
Lion.] (Zo\'94l.) A lizardlike
reptile of the genus Cham\'91leo, of several species,
found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The skin is covered with fine
granmulations; the tail is prehensile, and the body is much
compressed laterally, giving it a high back.
Anolis and allied genera
of the family Iguanid\'91. They are more slender in
form than the true chameleons, but have the same power of
changing their colors.
Chameleon mineral (Chem.), the
compound called potassium permanganate, a dark
violet, crystalline substance, KMnO4, which in
formation passes through a peculiar succession of color from
green to blue, purple, red, etc. See Potassium
permanganate, under Potassium.
Cha*me"le*on*ize (?), v. t. To
change into various colors. [R.]
Cham"fer (?), n. [See
Chamfron.] The surface formed by cutting away
the arris, or angle, formed by two faces of a piece of timber,
stone, etc.
Cham"fer, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chamfered ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chamfering.(
1. (Carp.) To cut a furrow in, as in a
column; to groove; to channel; to flute.
2. To make a chamfer on.
Cham"fret (?), n. [See
Chamfron.] 1. (Carp.) A
small gutter; a furrow; a groove.
2. A chamfer.
Cham"fron (?), n. [F.
chanfrein.] (Anc. Armor) The
frontlet, or head armor, of a horse. [Written also
champfrain and chamfrain.]
Cham"let (?), n. See
Camlet. [Obs.]
Cham"ois, n. [F. chamois,
prob. fr. OG. gamz, G. gemse.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A small species of
antelope (Rupicapra tragus), living on the loftiest
mountain ridges of Europe, as the Alps, Pyrenees, etc. It
possesses remarkable agility, and is a favorite object of
chase.
2. A soft leather made from the skin of the
chamois, or from sheepskin, etc.; -- called also chamois
leather, and chammy or
shammy leather. See Shammy.
Cham"o*mile (?), n.
(Bot.) See Camomile.
Champ (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Champed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Champing.] [Prob, of Scand. orgin; cf.
dial. Sw. k\'84msa to chew with difficulty, champ; but
cf. also OF. champier, champeyer,
champoyer, to graze in fields, fr. F. champ
field, fr. L. campus. Cf. Camp.]
1. To bite with repeated action of the teeth so as
to be heard.
Foamed and champed the golden bit.
Dryden.
2. To bite into small pieces; to crunch.
Steele.
Champ, v. i. To bite or chew
impatiently.
They began . . . irefully to champ upon the
bit.
Hooker.
{ Champ, Champe, } n.
[F. champ, L. campus field.]
(Arch.) The field or ground on which carving
appears in relief.
Cham*pagne" (?), n. [F. See
Champaign.] A light wine, of several kinds,
originally made in the province of Champagne, in France.
Champagne properly includes several kinds
not only of sparkling but off still wines; but in America the
term is usually restricted to wines which effervesce.
Cham*paign" (?), n. [OF.
champaigne; same word as campagne.]
A flat, open country.
Fair champaign, with less rivers interveined.
Milton.
Through Apline vale or champaign wide.
Wordsworth.
Cham*paign", a. Flat; open; level.
A wide, champaign country, filled with herds.
Addison.
Champ"er (?), n. One who
champs, or bites.
Cham"per*tor (?), n. [F.
champarteur a divider of fields or field rent. See
Champerty.] (Law) One guilty of
champerty; one who purchases a suit, or the right of suing, and
carries it on at his own expense, in order to obtain a share of
the gain.
Cham"per*ty (?), n. [F.
champart field rent, L. campipars;
champ (L. campus) field + part
(L. pars) share.] 1.
Partnership in power; equal share of authority.
[Obs.]
Beaut\'82 ne sleighte, strengthe ne hardyness,
Ne may with Venus holde champartye.
Chaucer.
2. (Law) The prosecution or defense of a
suit, whether by furnishing money or personal services, by one
who has no legitimate concern therein, in consideration of an
agreement that he shall receive, in the event of success, a share
of the matter in suit; maintenance with the addition of an
agreement to divide the thing in suit. See
Maintenance.
agreement of this nature. From early times the offence
of champerty has been forbidden and punishable.
Cham*pi"gnon (?), n. [F., a
mushroom, ultimately fr. L. campus field. See
Camp.] (Bot.) An edible species of
mushroom (Agaricus campestris).
Fairy ring champignon, the Marasmius
oreades, which has a strong flavor but is edible.
Chap"pi*on (?), n. [F.
champion, fr. LL.campio, of German origin;
cf. OHG. chempho, chemphio, fighter,
champf, G. kampf, contest; perh. influenced
by L. campus field, taken in the sense of \'bdfield of
battle.\'b8] 1. One who engages in any
contest; esp. one who in ancient times contended in single combat
in behalf of another's honor or rights; or one who acts or speaks
in behalf of a person or a cause; a defender; an advocate; a
hero.
A stouter champion never handled sword.
Shak.
Champions of law and liberty.
Fisher Ames.
2. One who by defeating all rivals, has obtained an
acknowledged supremacy in any branch of athetics or game of
skill, and is ready to contend with any rival; as, the
champion of England.
Champion is used attributively in the
sense of surpassing all competitors;
overmastering; as, champion pugilist;
champion chess player.
Syn. -- Leader; chieftain; combatant; hero; warrior;
defender; protector.
Cham"pi*on, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Championed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Championing.] [Obs.]
Shak.
2. To furnish with a champion; to attend or defend
as champion; to support or maintain; to protect.
Championed or unchampioned, thou diest.
Sir W. Scott.
Cham"pi*on*ness (?), n. A
female champion.
Fairfax.
Cham"pi*on*ship, n. State of being
champion; leadership; supremancy.
Cham*plain" pe"ri*od (?). (Geol.)
A subdivision of the Quaternary age immediately following
the Glacial period; -- so named from beds near Lake
Champlain.
\'d8Cham*sin" (?), n.
[F.] See Kamsin.
Chance (?), n. [F.
chance, OF. cheance, fr. LL.
cadentia a allusion to the falling of the dice), fr.
L. cadere to fall; akin to Skr. \'87ad to
fall, L. cedere to yield, E.
cede. Cf. Cadence.] 1. A
supposed material or psychical agent or mode of activity other
than a force, law, or purpose; fortune; fate; -- in this sense
often personifed.
It is strictly and philosophically true in nature and reason
that there is no such thing as chance or accident; it
being evident that these words do not signify anything really
existing, anything that is truly an agent or the cause of any
event; but they signify merely men's ignorance of the real and
immediate cause.
Samuel Clark.
Any society into which chance might throw him.
Macaulay.
That power
Which erring men call Chance.
Milton.
2. The operation or activity of such agent.
By chance a priest came down that way.
Luke x. 31.
3. The supposed effect of such an agent; something
that befalls, as the result of unknown or unconsidered forces;
the issue of uncertain conditions; an event not calculated upon;
an unexpected occurrence; a happening; accident; fortuity;
casualty.
It was a chance that happened to us.
1 Sam. vi. 9.
The Knave of Diamonds tries his wily arts,
And wins (O shameful chance!) the Queen of Hearts.
Pope.
I spake of most disastrous chance.
Shak.
4. A possibity; a likelihood; an opportunity; --
with reference to a doubtful result; as, a chance
result; as, a chance to escape; a
chance for life; the chances are all against
him.
So weary with disasters, tugged with fortune.
That I would get my life on any chance,
To mend it, or be rid on't
Shak.
5. (Math.) Probability.
chance
is the ratio of frequency with which an event happens in the long
run. If an event may happen in a ways and may fail in
b ways, and each of these a + b
ways is equally likely, the chance, or probability,
that the event will happen is measured by the fraction
a/(a + b), and the chance, or
probability, that it will fail is measured by b/(a +
b).
Chance comer, one who, comes
unexpectedly. -- The last chance, the sole
remaining ground of hope. -- The main chance,
the chief opportunity; that upon which reliance is had, esp.
self-interest. -- Theory of chances,
Doctrine of chances (Math.),
that branch of mathematics which treats of the probability of
the occurrence of particular events, as the fall of dice in given
positions. -- To mind one's chances, to take
advantage of every circumstance; to seize every
opportunity.
Chance, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chanced (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chancing.] To happen, come, or
arrive, without design or expectation. \'bdThings that
chance daily.\'b8
Robynson (More's Utopia).
If a bird's nest chance to be before thee.
Deut. xxii. 6.
I chanced on this letter.
Shak.
Often used impersonally; as, how chances
it?
How chance, thou art returned so soon?
Shak.
Chance, v. t. 1. To take the
chances of; to venture upon; -- usually with it as
object.
Come what will, I will chance it.
W. D. Howells.
2. To befall; to happen to.
[Obs.]
W. Lambarde.
Chance, a. Happening by chance;
casual.
Chance, adv. By chance; perchance.
Gray.
Chance"a*ble (?), a.
Fortuitous; casual. [Obs.]
Chance"a*bly, adv. By chance.
[Obs.]
Chance"ful (?), a.
Hazardous. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Chan"cel (?), n. [OF.
chancel, F. chanceau, cancel,
fr. L. cancelli lattices, crossbars. (The
chancel was formerly inclosed with lattices or
crossbars) See Cancel, v. t.]
(Arch.) (a) That part of a church,
reserved for the use of the clergy, where the altar, or communion
table, is placed. Hence, in modern use; (b)
All that part of a cruciform church which is beyond the line
of the transept farthest from the main front.
Chancel aisle (Arch.), the aisle
which passes on either side of or around the chancel. --
Chancel arch (Arch.), the arch which
spans the main opening, leading to the chancel -- Chancel
casement, the principal window in a chancel.
Tennyson. -- Chancel table, the
communion table.
Chan"cel*ler*y (?), n. [Cf.
Chancery.] Chancellorship.
[Obs.]
Gower.
Chan"cel*lor (?), n. [OE.
canceler, chaunceler, F.
chancelier, LL. cancellarius chancellor, a
director of chancery, fr. L. cancelli lattices,
crossbars, which surrounded the seat of judgment. See
Chancel.] A judicial court of chancery, which
in England and in the United States is distinctively a court with
equity jurisdiction.
chancellor was originally a chief
scribe or secretary under the Roman emperors, but afterward was
invested with judicial powers, and had superintendence over the
other officers of the empire. From the Roman empire this office
passed to the church, and every bishop has his chancellor, the
principal judge of his consistory. In later times, in most
countries of Europe, the chancellor was a high officer of state,
keeper of the great seal of the kingdom, and having the
supervision of all charters, and like public instruments of the
crown, which were authenticated in the most solemn manner. In
France a secretary is in some cases called a
chancellor. In Scotland, the appellation is given to
the foreman of a jury, or assize. In the present German empire,
the chancellor is the president of the federal council
and the head of the imperial administration. In the United
States, the title is given to certain judges of courts of
chancery or equity, established by the statutes of separate
States.
Blackstone. Wharton.
Chancellor of a bishop, of a
diocese (R. C. Ch. & ch. of Eng.), a
law officer appointed to hold the bishop's court in his diocese,
and to assist him in matter of ecclesiastical law. --
Chancellor of a cathedral, one of the four chief
dignitaries of the cathedrals of the old foundation, and an
officer whose duties are chiefly educational, with special
reference to the cultivation of theology. -- Chancellor
of the Duchy of Lancaster, an officer before whom, or
his deputy, the court of the duchy chamber of Lancaster is held.
This is a special jurisdiction. -- Chancellor of a
university, the chief officer of a collegiate body. In
Oxford, he is elected for life; in Cambridge, for a term of
years; and his office is honorary, the chief duties of it
devolving on the vice chancellor. -- Chancellor of the
exchequer, a member of the British cabinet upon whom
devolves the charge of the public income and expenditure as the
highest finance minister of the government. --
Chancellor of the order of the Garter (or other
military orders), an officer who seals the commissions and
mandates of the chapter and assembly of the knights, keeps the
register of their proceedings, and delivers their acts under the
seal of their order. -- Lord high chancellor of
England, the presiding judge in the court of chancery,
the highest judicial officer of the crown, and the first lay
person of the state after the blood royal. He is created
chancellor by the delivery into his custody of the great seal, of
which he becomes keeper. He is privy counselor by his office, and
prolocutor of the House of Lords by prescription.
Chan"cel*lor*ship (?), n. The
office of a chancellor; the time during which one is
chancellor.
Chance"-med`ley (?), n.
[Chance + medley.] 1.
(Law) The kiling of another in self-defense upon
a sudden and unpremeditated encounter. See
Chaud-Medley.
Bouvier.
2. Luck; chance; accident.
Milton. Cowper.
Chan"cer*y (?), n. [F.
chancellerie, LL. cancellaria, from L.
cancellarius. See Chancellor, and cf.
Chancellery.] 1. In England,
formerly, the highest court of judicature next to the Parliament,
exercising jurisdiction at law, but chiefly in equity; but under
the jurisdiction act of 1873 it became the chancery division of
the High Court of Justice, and now exercises jurisdiction only in
equity.
2. In the Unites States, a court of equity; equity;
proceeding in equity.
courts of chancery is
usually applied; but, in American law, the terms
equity and court of equity are more
frequently employed than the corresponding terms
chancery and court of chancery.
Burrill.
Inns of chancery. See under Inn.
-- To get (or to hold) In chancery
(Boxing), to get the head of an antagonist under
one's arm, so that one can pommel it with the other fist at will;
hence, to have wholly in One's power. The allusion is to the
condition of a person involved in the chancery court, where he
was helpless, while the lawyers lived upon his estate.
Chan"cre (?), n. [F.
chancere. See Cancer.]
(Med.) A venereal sore or ulcer; specifically,
the initial lesion of true syphilis, whether forming a distinct
ulcer or not; -- called also hard chancre,
indurated chancre, and Hunterian
chancre.
Soft chancre. A chancroid. See
Chancroid.
Chan"croid (?), n.
[Chancre + -oil.]
(Med.) A venereal sore, resembling a chancre in
its seat and some external characters, but differing from it in
being the starting point of a purely local process and never of a
systemic disease; -- called also soft
chancre.
Chan"crous (?), a. [Cf. F.
chancreux.] (Med.) Of the nature
of a chancre; having chancre.
Chan`de*lier" (?), n. [F. See
Chandler.] 1. A candlestick, lamp,
stand, gas fixture, or the like, having several branches; esp.,
one hanging from the ceiling.
2. (Fort.) A movable parapet, serving to
support fascines to cover pioneers. [Obs.]
Chan"dler (?), n. [F.
chandelier a candlestick, a maker or seller of
candles, LL. candelarius chandler, fr. L.
candela candle. See Candle, and cf.
Chandelier.] 1. A maker or seller
of candles.
The chandler's basket, on his shoulder borne,
With tallow spots thy coat.
Gay.
2. A dealer in other commodities, which are
indicated by a word prefixed; as, ship chandler,
corn chandler.
Chan"dler*ly (?), a. Like a
chandler; in a petty way. [Obs.]
Milton.
Chan"dler*y (?), n. Commodities
sold by a chandler.
\'d8Chan*doo" (?), n. An
extract or preparation of opium, used in China and India for
smoking.
Balfour.
Chan"dry (?), n.
Chandlery. [Obs.] \'bdTorches from the
chandry.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Chan"frin (?), n. [F.
chanfrein. Cf. Chamfron.] The fore
part of a horse's head.
Change (?), v. t.
[Imp. & p. p. Changed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Changing.] [F. changer, fr.
LL. cambiare, to exchange, barter, L.
cambire. Cf. Cambial.] 1.
To alter; to make different; to cause to pass from one state
to another; as, to change the position, character,
or appearance of a thing; to change the
countenance.
Therefore will I change their glory into shame.
Hosea. iv. 7.
2. To alter by substituting something else for, or
by giving up for something else; as, to change the
clothes; to change one's occupation; to change
one's intention.
They that do change old love for new,
Pray gods, they change for worse!
Peele.
3. To give and take reciprocally; to exchange; --
followed by with; as, to change place, or
hats, or money, with another.
Look upon those thousands with whom thou wouldst not, for any
interest, change thy fortune and condition.
Jer. Taylor.
4. Specifically: To give, or receive, smaller
denominations of money (technically called change)
for; as, to change a gold coin or a bank
bill.
He pulled out a thirty-pound note and bid me change
it.
Goldsmith.
To change a horse, or To change hand
(Man.), to turn or bear the horse's head from one
hand to the other, from the left to right, or from the right to
the left. -- To change hands, to change
owners. -- To change one's tune, to become
less confident or boastful. [Colloq.] --
To change step, to take a break in the regular
succession of steps, in marching or walking, as by bringing the
hollow of one foot against the heel of the other, and then
stepping off with the foot which is in advance.
Syn. -- To alter; vary; deviate; substitute; innovate;
diversify; shift; veer; turn. See Alter.
Change, v. i. 1. To be altered;
to undergo variation; as, men sometimes change for
the better.
For I am Lord, I change not.
Mal. iii. 6.
2. To pass from one phase to another; as, the
moon changes to-morrow night.
Change, n. [F. change, fr.
changer. See Change. v. t.]
1. Any variation or alteration; a passing from one
state or form to another; as, a change of
countenance; a change of habits or
principles.
Apprehensions of a change of dynasty.
Hallam.
All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my
change come.
Job xiv. 14.
2. A succesion or substitution of one thing in the
place of another; a difference; novelty; variety; as, a
change of seasons.
Our fathers did for change to France repair.
Dryden.
The ringing grooves of change.
Tennyson.
3. A passing from one phase to another; as, a
change of the moon.
4. Alteration in the order of a series;
permutation.
5. That which makes a variety, or may be
substituted for another.
Thirty change (R.V. changes) of
garments.
Judg. xiv. 12.
6. Small money; the money by means of which the
larger coins and bank bills are made available in small dealings;
hence, the balance returned when payment is tendered by a coin or
note exceeding the sum due.
7. [See Exchange.] A place
where merchants and others meet to transact business; a building
appropriated for mercantile transactions. [Colloq.
for Exchange.]
8. A public house; an alehouse.
[Scot.]
They call an alehouse a change.
Burt.
9. (Mus.) Any order in which a number of
bells are struck, other than that of the diatonic scale.
Four bells admit twenty-four changes in
ringing.
Holder.
Change of life, the period in the life of a
woman when menstruation and the capacity for conception cease,
usually occurring between forty-five and fifty years of age.
-- Change ringing, the continual production,
without repetition, of changes on bells, See def. 9. above.
-- Change wheel (Mech.), one of a set
of wheels of different sizes and number of teeth, that may be
changed or substituted one for another in machinery, to produce a
different but definite rate of angular velocity in an axis, as in
cutting screws, gear, etc. -- To ring the changes
on, to present the same facts or arguments in variety
of ways.
Syn. -- Variety; variation; alteration; mutation;
transition; vicissitude; innovation; novelty; transmutation;
revolution; reverse.
Change`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Changeableness.
Change"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
changeable.] 1. Capable of change;
subject to alteration; mutable; variable; fickle; inconstant;
as, a changeable humor.
2. Appearing different, as in color, in different
lights, or under different circumstances; as,
changeable silk.
Syn. -- Mutable; alterable; variable; inconstant; fitful;
vacillating; capricious; fickle; unstable; unsteady; unsettled;
wavering; erratic; giddy; volatile.
Change"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being changeable; fickleness; inconstancy; mutability.
Change"a*bly, adv. In a changeable
manner.
Change"ful (?), a. Full of
change; mutable; inconstant; fickle; uncertain.
Pope.
His course had been changeful.
Motley.
-- Change"ful*ly, adv. --
Change"ful*ness, n.
Change"less, a. That can not be changed;
constant; as, a changeless purpose.
-- Change"less*ness,
n.
Change"ling, n. [Change +
-ling.] 1. One who, or that which,
is left or taken in the place of another, as a child exchanged by
fairies.
Such, men do changelings call, so changed by
fairies' theft.
Spenser.
The changeling [a substituted writing] never
known.
Shak.
2. A simpleton; an idiot.
Macaulay.
Changelings and fools of heaven, and thence shut
out.
Wildly we roam in discontent about.
Dryden.
3. One apt to change; a waverer. \'bdFickle
changelings.\'b8
Shak.
Change"ling, a. 1. Taken or
left in place of another; changed. \'bdA little
changeling boy.\'b8
Shak.
2. Given to change; inconstant.
[Obs.]
Some are so studiously changeling.
Boyle.
Chan"ger (?), n. 1.
One who changes or alters the form of anything.
2. One who deals in or changes money.
John ii. 14.
3. One apt to change; an inconstant person.
\'d8Chank" (?), n. [Skr.
\'87a\'efkha. See Conch.]
(Zo\'94l.) The East Indian name for the large
spiral shell of several species of sea conch much used in making
bangles, esp. Turbinella pyrum. Called also
chank chell.
Chan"nel (?), n. [OE.
chanel, canel, OF. chanel, F.
chenel, fr. L. canalis. See
Canal.] 1. The hollow bed where a
stream of water runs or may run.
2. The deeper part of a river, harbor, strait,
etc., where the main current flows, or which affords the best and
safest passage for vessels.
3. (Geog.) A strait, or narrow sea,
between two portions of lands; as, the British
Channel.
4. That through which anything passes; means of
passing, conveying, or transmitting; as, the news was
conveyed to us by different channels.
The veins are converging channels.
Dalton.
At best, he is but a channel to convey to the
National assembly such matter as may import that body to
know.
Burke.
5. A gutter; a groove, as in a fluted column.
6. pl. [Cf. Chain
wales.] (Naut.) Flat ledges of heavy
plank bolted edgewise to the outside of a vessel, to increase the
spread of the shrouds and carry them clear of the bulwarks.
Channel bar, Channel iron
(Arch.), an iron bar or beam having a section
resembling a flat gutter or channel. -- Channel
bill (Zo\'94l.), a very large Australian
cucko (Scythrops Nov\'91hollandi\'91. --
Channel goose. (Zo\'94l.) See
Gannet.
Chan"nel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Channeled (?), or Channelled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Channeling, or
Channelling.] 1. To form a
channel in; to cut or wear a channel or channels in; to
groove.
No more shall trenching war channel her fields.
Shak.
2. To course through or over, as in a
channel.
Cowper.
Chan"nel*ing, n. 1. The act or
process of forming a channel or channels.
2. A channel or a system of channels; a
groove.
Chan"son, n. [F., fr. L.
cantion song. See Cantion,
Canzone.] A song.
Shak.
\'d8Chan`son*nette" (?), n.;
pl. Chansonnettes (#). [F.,
dim. of chanson.] A little song.
These pretty little chansonnettes that he sung.
Black.
Chant (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chanted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Chanting.] [F.
chanter, fr. L. cantare, intens. of
canere to sing. Cf. Cant affected speaking,
and see Hen.] 1. To utter with a
melodious voice; to sing.
The cheerful birds . . . do chant sweet music.
Spenser.
2. To celebrate in song.
The poets chant in the theaters.
Bramhall.
3. (Mus.) To sing or recite after the
manner of a chant, or to a tune called a chant.
Chant, v. i. 1. To make melody
with the voice; to sing. \'bdChant to the sound
of the viol.\'b8
Amos vi. 5.
2. (Mus.) To sing, as in reciting a
chant.
To chant (chaunt)
horses, to sing their praise; to overpraise;
to cheat in selling. See Chaunter.
Thackeray.
Chant, n.[F. chant, fr. L.
cantus singing, song, fr. canere to sing.
See Chant, v. t.] 1.
Song; melody.
2. (Mus.) A short and simple melody,
divided into two parts by double bars, to which unmetrical
psalms, etc., are sung or recited. It is the most ancient form of
choral music.
3. A psalm, etc., arranged for chanting.
4. Twang; manner of speaking; a canting tone.
[R.]
His strange face, his strange chant.
Macaulay.
Ambrosian chant, See under Ambrosian.
Chant royal [F.], in old French poetry,
a poem containing five strophes of eleven lines each, and a
concluding stanza. -- each of these six parts ending with a
common refrain. -- Gregorian chant. See under
Gregorian.
\'d8Chan`tant" (?), a. [F.
singing.] (Mus.) Composed in a melodious
and singing style.
Chant"er (?), n. [Cf. F.
chanteur.] 1. One who chants; a
singer or songster.
Pope.
2. The chief singer of the chantry.
J. Gregory.
3. The flute or finger pipe in a bagpipe. See
Bagpipe.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The hedge sparrow.
\'d8Chan`te*relle" (?), n.
[F.] (Bot.) A name for several species
of mushroom, of which one (Cantharellus cibrius) is
edible, the others reputed poisonous.
Chan"ti*cleer (?), n. [F.
Chanteclair, name of the cock in the Roman du
Renart (Reynard the Fox); chanter to
chant + clair clear. See Chant, and
Clear.] A cock, so called from the clearness
or loundness of his voice in crowing.
Chant"ing (?), n. Singing, esp.
as a chant is sung.
Chanting falcon (Zo\'94l.), an
African falcon (Melierax canorus or musicus). The male
has the habit, remarkable in a bird of prey, of singing to his
mate, while she is incubating.
Chant"or (?), n. A
chanter.
Chant"ress (?), n. [Cf. OF.
chanteresse.] A female chanter or
singer.
Milton.
<-- p. 240 -->
Chant"ry (?), n.; pl.
Chantries (#). [OF.
chanterie, fr. chanter to sing.]
1. An endowment or foundation for the chanting of
masses and offering of prayers, commonly for the founder.
2. A chapel or altar so endowed.
Cowell.
Cha"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by
means of apperances in the air.
Cha"os (?), n. [L.
chaos chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. Chasm.]
1. An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning
chasm. [Archaic]
Between us and there is fixed a great chaos.
Luke xvi. 26 (Rhemish Trans. ).
2. The confused, unorganized condition or mass of
matter before the creation of distinct and order forms.
3. Any confused or disordered collection or state
of things; a confused mixture; confusion; disorder.
Cha*ot"ic (?), a. Resembling
chaos; confused.
Cha*ot"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a
chaotic manner.
Chap (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chapped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chapping.] [See Chop to
cut.] 1. To cause to open in slits or chinks;
to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough.
Then would unbalanced heat licentious reign,
Crack the dry hill, and chap the russet plain.
Blackmore.
Nor winter's blast chap her fair face.
Lyly.
2. To strike; to beat. [Scot.]
Chap, v. i. 1. To crack or open
in slits; as, the earth chaps; the hands
chap.
2. To strike; to knock; to rap.
[Scot.]
Chap, n. [From Chap, v. t.
& i.] 1. A cleft, crack, or chink, as
in the surface of the earth, or in the skin.
2. A division; a breach, as in a party.
[Obs.]
Many clefts and chaps in our council board.
T. Fuller.
3. A blow; a rap. [Scot.]
Chap (?), n. [OE.
chaft; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel kjaptr
jaw, Sw. K\'84ft, D. ki\'91ft; akin to G.
kiefer, and E. jowl. Cf.
Chops.] 1. One of the jaws or the
fleshy covering of a jaw; -- commonly in the plural, and used of
animals, and colloquially of human beings.
His chaps were all besmeared with crimson
blood.
Cowley.
He unseamed him [Macdonald] from the nave to the
chaps.
Shak.
2. One of the jaws or cheeks of a vise, etc.
Chap (?), n. [Perh. abbreviated
fr. chapman, but used in a more general sense; or cf.
Dan. ki\'91ft jaw, person, E. chap
jaw.] 1. A buyer; a chapman.
[Obs.]
If you want to sell, here is your chap.
Steele.
2. A man or boy; a youth; a fellow.
[Colloq.]
Chap, v. i. [See
Cheapen.] To bargain; to buy.
[Obs.]
\'d8Cha`par*ral" (?), n. [Sp.,
fr. chaparro an evergeen oak.] 1.
A thicket of low evergreen oaks.
2. An almost impenetrable thicket or succession of
thickets of thorny shrubs and brambles.
Chaparral cock; fem.
Chaparral hen (Zo\'94l.), a bird
of the cuckoo family (Geococcyx Californianus), noted
for running with great speed. It ranges from California to Mexico
and eastward to Texas; -- called also road
runner, ground cuckoo,
churea, and snake
killer<--; it is the state bird of New Mexico
-->.
Chap"book` (?), n. [See
Chap to cheapen.] Any small book carried
about for sale by chapmen or hawkers. Hence, any small book; a
toy book.
Chape (?), n. [F., a
churchman's cope, a cover, a chape, fr. L. cappa. See
Cap.] 1. The piece by which an
object is attached to something, as the frog of a scabbard or the
metal loop at the back of a buckle by which it is fastened to a
strap.
2. The transverse guard of a sword or dagger.
3. The metal plate or tip which protects the end of
a scabbard, belt, etc.
Knight.
Cha`peau" (?), n.; pl.
Chapeux (#). [F., fr. OF.
chapel hat. See Chaplet.] 1.
hat or covering for the head.
2. (Her.) A cap of maintenance. See
Maintenance.
\'d8Chapeau bras ( [F.
chapeau hat + bras arm], a hat so
made that it can be compressed and carried under the arm without
injury. Such hats were particularly worn on dress occasions by
gentlemen in the 18th century. A chapeau bras is now
worn in the United States army by general and staff
officers.
Chaped (?), p. p.
Furnished with a chape or chapes. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chap"el (?), n. [OF.
chapele, F. chapelle, fr. LL.
capella, orig., a short cloak, hood, or cowl; later, a
reliquary, sacred vessel, chapel; dim. of cappa,
capa, cloak, cape, cope; also, a covering for the
head. The chapel where St. Martin's cloak was preserved as a
precious relic, itself came to be called capella,
whence the name was applied to similar paces of worship, and the
guardian of this cloak was called capellanus, or
chaplain. See Cap, and cf. Chaplain.,
Chaplet.] 1. A subordinate place of
worship; as, (a) a small church, often a
private foundation, as for a memorial; (b) a
small building attached to a church; (c) a
room or recess in a church, containing an altar.
chapels are usually annexed in the
recesses on the sides of the aisles.
Gwilt.
2. A place of worship not connected with a church;
as, the chapel of a palace, hospital, or
prison.
3. In England, a place of worship used by
dissenters from the Established Church; a meetinghouse.
4. A choir of singers, or an orchastra, attached to
the court of a prince or nobleman.
5. (Print.) (a) A printing
office, said to be so called because printing was first carried
on in England in a chapel near Westminster Abbey.
(b) An association of workmen in a printing
office.
Chapel of ease. (a) A chapel or
dependent church built for the ease or a accommodation of an
increasing parish, or for parishioners who live at a distance
from the principal church. (b) A privy.
(Law) -- Chapel master, a
director of music in a chapel; the director of a court or
orchestra. -- To build a chapel
(Naut.), to chapel a ship. See Chapel,
v. t., 2. -- To hold a chapel, to
have a meeting of the men employed in a printing office, for the
purpose of considering questions affecting their
interests.
Chap"el (?), v. t. 1.
To deposit or inter in a chapel; to enshrine.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
2. (Naut.) To cause (a ship taken aback
in a light breeze) so to turn or make a circuit as to recover,
without bracing the yards, the same tack on which she had been
sailing.
Chape"less (?), a. Without a
chape.
Chap"e*let (?), n. [F. See
Chaplet.] 1. A pair of Straps, with
stirrups, joined at the top and fastened to the pommel or the
frame of the saddle, after they have been adjusted to the
convenience of the rider. [Written also
chaplet.]
2. A kind of chain pump, or dredging machine.
Chap"el*la*ny (?), n.; pl.
Chapellanies (#). [Cf. E.
chapellenie, LL. capellania. See
Chaplain.] A chapel within the jurisdiction of a
church; a subordinate ecclesiastical foundation.
Chap"el*ry (?), n. [Cf. OF.
chapelerie.] The territorial disrict
legally assigned to a chapel.
Chap"er*on (?), n. [F.
chaperon. See Chape, Cape,
Cap.] 1. A hood; especially, an
ornamental or an official hood.
His head and face covered with a chaperon, out of
which there are but two holes to look through.
Howell.
2. A divice placed on the foreheads of horses which
draw the hearse in pompous funerals.
3. A matron who accompanies a young lady in public,
for propriety, or as a guide and protector.
Chap"er*on, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chaperoned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chaperoning.] [Cf. F.
chaperonner, fr. chaperon.] To
attend in public places as a guide and protector; to
matronize.
Fortunately Lady Bell Finley, whom I had promised to
chaperon, sent to excuse herself.
Hannah More.
Chap"er*on`age (?), n.
Attendance of a chaperon on a lady in public; protection
afforded by a chaperon.
Chap"fall`en (?), a. Having the
lower chap or jaw drooping, -- an indication of humiliation and
dejection; crestfallen; discouraged. See
Chopfallen.
Chap"i*ter (?), n. [OF.
chapitel, F. chapiteau, from L.
capitellum, dim. of caput head. Cf.
Capital, Chapter.] 1.
(Arch.) A capital [Obs.] See
Chapital.
Ex. xxxvi. 38.
2. (Old Eng. Law) A summary in writing
of such matters as are to be inquired of or presented before
justices in eyre, or justices of assize, or of the peace, in
their sessions; -- also called articles.
Jacob.
Chap"lain (?), n. [F.
chapelain, fr. LL. capellanus, fr.
capella. See Chapel.] 1.
An ecclesiastic who has a chapel, or who performs religious
service in a chapel.
2. A clergyman who is officially atteched to the
army or navy, to some public institution, or to a family or
court, for the purpose of performing divine service.
3. Any person (clergyman or layman) chosen to
conduct religious exercises for a society, etc.; as, a
chaplain of a Masonic or a temperance lodge.
Chap"lain*cy (?), n.; pl.
Chaplaincies (. The office,
position, or station of a chaplain.
Swift.
Chap"lain*ship, n. 1. The
office or business of a chaplain.
The Bethesda of some knight's chaplainship.
Milton.
2. The possession or revenue of a chapel.
Johnson.
Chap"less (?), a. Having no
lower jaw; hence, fleshless. [R.] \'bdYellow,
chapless skulls.\'b8 Shak.
Chap"let (?), n. [F.
chapelet, dim. of OF. chapel hat, garland,
dim. fr. LL. cappa. See Cap, and cf.
Chapelet, Chapeau.] 1. A
garland or wreath to be worn on the head.
2. A string of beads, or part of a string, used by
Roman Catholic in praying; a third of a rosary, or fifty
beads.
Her chaplet of beads and her missal.
Longfellow.
3. (Arch.) A small molding, carved into
beads, pearls, olives, etc.
4. (Man.) A chapelet. See
Chapelet, 1.
5. (Founding) A bent piece of sheet
iron, or a pin with thin plates on its ends, for holding a core
in place in the mold.
6. A tuft of feathers on a peacock's head.
Johnson.
Chap"let, n. A small chapel or
shrine.
Chap"let, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chapleted.] To adorn with a
chaplet or with flowers.
R. Browning.
Chap"man (?), n.; pl.
Chapmen (#). [AS.
ce\'a0pman; ce\'a0p trade + man
man; akin to D. koopman, Sw. k\'94pman,
Dan. ki\'94pmand, G. kaufmann.f.
Chap to cheapen, and see Cheap.]
1. One who buys and sells; a merchant; a buyer or a
seller. [Obs.]
The word of life is a quick commodity, and ought not, as a
drug to be obtruded on those chapmen who are unwilling
to buy it.
T. Fuller.
2. A peddler; a hawker.
Chap"py (?), Full of chaps; cleft; gaping;
open.
Chaps (?), n. pl. The jaws, or
the fleshy parts about them. See Chap. \'bdOpen
your chaps again.\'b8
Shak.
Chap"ter (?), n. [OF.
chapitre, F. chapitre, fr. L.
capitulum, dim. of caput head, the chief
person or thing, the principal division of a writing, chapter.
See Chief, and cf, Chapiter.] 1.
A division of a book or treatise; as, Genesis has fifty
chapters.
2. (Eccl.) (a) An assembly of
monks, or of the prebends and other clergymen connected with a
cathedral, conventual, or collegiate church, or of a diocese,
usually presided over by the dean.(b) A
community of canons or canonesses.(c) A
bishop's council.(d) A business meeting of
any religious community.
3. An organized branch of some society or
fraternity as of the Freemasons.
Robertson.
4. A meeting of certain organized societies or
orders.
5. A chapter house. [R.]
Burrill.
6. A decretal epistle.
Ayliffe.
7. A location or compartment.
In his bosom! In what chapter of his bosom?
Shak.
Chapter head, Chapter
heading, that which stands at the head of a
chapter, as a title. -- Chapter house, a
house or room where a chapter meets, esp. a cathedral
chapter. -- The chapter of accidents,
chance. Marryat.
Chap"ter (?), v. t. 1.
To divide into chapters, as a book.
Fuller.
2. To correct; to bring to book, i. e., to
demand chapter and verse. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Chap"trel (?), n. [See
Chapiter.] (Arch.) An
impost. [Obs.]
{ Char, Charr (?), }
n. [Ir. cear, Gael. ceara,
lit., red, blood-colored, fr. cear blood. So named
from its red belly.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
several species of fishes of the genus Salvelinus,
allied to the spotted trout and salmon, inhabiting deep lakes in
mountainous regions in Europe. In the United States, the brook
trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is sometimes called a
char.
Char, n. [F.] A car; a
chariot. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Char (?), n. [OE.
cherr, char a turning, time, work, AS.
cerr, cyrr, turn, occasion, business, fr.
cerran, cyrran, to turn; akin to OS.
k\'89rian, OHG. ch\'89ran, G.
kehren. Cf. Chore, Ajar.]
Work done by the day; a single job, or task; a chore.
[Written also chare.]
[Eng.]
When thou hast done this chare, I give thee leave
To play till doomsday.
Shak.
{ Char, Chare, } v. t.
[See 3d Char.] 1. To perform;
to do; to finish. [Obs.]
Nores.
Thet char is chared, as the good wife said when she
had hanged her husband.
Old Proverb.
2. To work or hew, as stone.
Oxf. Gloss.
{ Char, Chare, } v. i.
To work by the day, without being a regularly hired servant;
to do small jobs.
Char (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Charred
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Charring.] [Prob. the same word as
char to perform (see Char, n.),
the modern use coming from charcoal, prop.
coal-turned, turned to coal.] 1.
To reduce to coal or carbon by exposure to heat; to reduce
to charcoal; to burn to a cinder.
2. To burn slightly or partially; as, to
char wood.
\'d8Cha"ra (?), n. [NL., of
uncertain origin.] (Bot.) A genus of
flowerless plants, having articulated stems and whorled branches.
They flourish in wet places.
\'d8Char`-a-bancs" (?), n.; pl.
Chars-a-banc (#). [F.]
A long, light, open vehicle, with benches or seats running
lengthwise.
Char"act (?), n. A distinctive
mark; a character; a letter or sign. [Obs.] See
Character.
In all his dressings, characts, titles, forms.
Shak.
Char"ac*ter (?), n. [L., an
instrument for marking, character, Gr. caract\'8are.]
1. A distinctive mark; a letter, figure, or
symbol.
It were much to be wished that there were throughout the world
but one sort of character for each letter to express
it to the eye.
Holder.
2. Style of writing or printing; handwriting; the
peculiar form of letters used by a particular person or people;
as, an inscription in the Runic
character.
You know the character to be your brother's?
Shak.
3. The peculiar quality, or the sum of qualities,
by which a person or a thing is distinguished from others; the
stamp impressed by nature, education, or habit; that which a
person or thing really is; nature; disposition.
The character or that dominion.
Milton.
Know well each Ancient's proper character;
His fable, subject, scope in every page;
Religion, Country, genius of his Age.
Pope.
A man of . . . thoroughly subservient
character.
Motley.
4. Strength of mind; resolution; independence;
individuality; as, he has a great deal of
character.
5. Moral quality; the principles and motives that
control the life; as, a man of character; his
character saves him from suspicion.
6. Quality, position, rank, or capacity; quality or
conduct with respect to a certain office or duty; as, in the
miserable character of a slave; in his
character as a magistrate; her character as a
daughter.
7. The estimate, individual or general, put upon a
person or thing; reputation; as, a man's character
for truth and veracity; to give one a bad
character.
This subterraneous passage is much mended since Seneca gave so
bad a character of it.
Addison.
8. A written statement as to behavior, competency,
etc., given to a servant. [Colloq.]
9. A unique or extraordinary individuality; a
person characterized by peculiar or notable traits; a person who
illustrates certain phases of character; as, Randolph was a
character; C\'91sar is a great historical
character.
10. One of the persons of a drama or novel.
character and
reputation were used distinctively. In truth,
character is what a person is; reputation is what he is supposed
to be. Character is in himself, reputation is in the minds of
others. Character is injured by temptations, and by wrongdoing;
reputation by slanders, and libels. Character endures throughout
defamation in every form, but perishes when there is a voluntary
transgression; reputation may last through numerous
transgressions, but be destroyed by a single, and even an
unfounded, accusation or aspersion.\'b8
Abbott.
Char"ac*ter, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Charactered (?).]
1. To engrave; to inscribe. [R.]
These trees shall be my books.
And in their barks my thoughts I 'll character.
Shak.
2. To distinguish by particular marks or traits; to
describe; to characterize. [R.]
Mitford.
<-- p. 241 -->
Char"ac*ter*ism (?), n. [Gr.
A distinction of character; a
characteristic. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Char`ac*ter*is"tic (?), a. [Gr.
charact\'82ristique.]
Pertaining to, or serving to constitute, the character;
showing the character, or distinctive qualities or traits, of a
person or thing; peculiar; distinctive.
Characteristic clearness of temper.
Macaulay.
Char`ac*ter*is"tic, n. 1. A
distinguishing trait, quality, or property; an element of
character; that which characterized.
Pope.
The characteristics of a true critic.
Johnson.
2. (Math.) The integral part (whether
positive or negative) of a logarithm.
Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al (?), a.
Characteristic.
Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al*ly, adv. In a
characteristic manner; in a way that characterizes.
Char`ac*ter*i*za"tion (?), n.
The act or process of characterizing.
Char"ac*ter*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Characterized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Characterizing.] [LL.
characterizare, Gr. charact\'82riser.] 1. To make
distinct and recognizable by peculiar marks or traits; to make
with distinctive features.
European, Asiatic, Chinese, African, and Grecian faces are
Characterized.
Arbuthot.
2. To engrave or imprint. [Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.
3. To indicate the character of; to describe.
Under the name of Tamerlane he intended to
characterize King William.
Johnson.
4. To be a characteristic of; to make, or express
the character of.
The softness and effeminacy which characterize the
men of rank in most countries.
W. Irving.
Syn. -- To describe; distinguish; mark; designate; style;
particularize; entitle.
Char"ac*ter*less, a. Destitute of any
distinguishing quality; without character or force.
Char"ac*ter*y (?), n. 1.
The art or means of characterizing; a system of signs or
characters; symbolism; distinctive mark.
Fairies use flowers for their charactery.
Shak.
2. That which is charactered; the meaning.
[Obs.]
I will construe to thee
All the charactery of my sad brows.
Shak.
Cha*rade" (?), n. [F.
charade, cf. Pr. charrada long chat, It
ciarlare to chat, whence E.
charlatan.] A verbal or acted enigma based
upon a word which has two or more significant syllables or parts,
each of which, as well as the word itself, is to be guessed from
the descriptions or representations.
Char"bo*cle (?), n.
Carbuncle. [Written also
Charboncle.] [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Char"bon (?), n. [F., coal,
charbon.] 1. (Far.) A small black
spot or mark remaining in the cavity of the corner tooth of a
horse after the large spot or mark has become obliterated.
2. A very contagious and fatal disease of sheep,
horses, and cattle. See Maligmant pustule.
Char"coal` (?), n. [See
Char, v. t., to burn or to reduce to coal,
and Coal.] 1. Impure carbon prepared
from vegetable or animal substances; esp., coal made by charring
wood in a kiln, retort, etc., from which air is excluded. It is
used for fuel and in various mechanical, artistic, and chemical
processes.
2. (Fine Arts) Finely prepared charcoal
in small sticks, used as a drawing implement.
Animal charcoal, a fine charcoal prepared by
calcining bones in a closed vessel; -- used as a filtering agent
in sugar refining, and as an absorbent and disinfectant. --
Charcoal blacks, the black pigment, consisting of
burnt ivory, bone, cock, peach stones, and other substances.
-- Charcoal drawing (Fine Arts), a
drawing made with charcoal. See Charcoal, 2. Until
within a few years this material has been used almost exclusively
for preliminary outline, etc., but at present many finished
drawings are made with it. -- Charcoal point,
a carbon pencil prepared for use un an electric light
apparatus. -- Mineral charcoal, a term
applied to silky fibrous layers of charcoal, interlaminated in
beds of ordinary bituminous coal; -- known to miners as
mother of coal.
Chard (?), n. [Cf. F.
carde esclent thistle.]
1. The tender leaves or leafstalks of the
artichoke, white beet, etc., blanched for table use.
2. A variety of the white beet, which produces
large, succulent leaves and leafstalks.
Chare (?), n. A narrow
street. [Prov. Eng.]
Chare, n. & v. A chore; to chore; to do.
See Char.
Charge (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Charged
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Charging.] [OF. chargier, F.
charger, fr. LL. carricare, fr. L.
carrus wagon. Cf. Cargo, Caricature,
Cark, and see Car.] 1. To
lay on or impose, as a load, tax, or burden; to load; to
fill.
A carte that charged was with hay.
Chaucer.
The charging of children's memories with rules.
Locke.
2. To lay on or impose, as a task, duty, or trust;
to command, instruct, or exhort with authority; to enjoin; to
urge earnestly; as, to charge a jury; to
charge the clergy of a diocese; to charge an
agent.
Moses . . . charged you to love the Lord your
God.
Josh. xxii. 5.
Cromwell, I charge thee, fing away ambition.
Shak.
3. To lay on, impose, or make subject to or liable
for.
When land shal be charged by any lien.
Kent.
4. To fix or demand as a prince; as, he
charges two dollars a barrelk for apples.
5. To place something to the account of as a debt;
to debit, as to charge one with goods. Also, to enter
upon the debit side of an account; as, to charge a
sum to one.
6. To impute or ascribe; to lay to one's
charge.
No more accuse thy pen, but charge the crime
On native loth and negligence of time.
Dryden.
7. To accuse; to make a charge or assertion against
(a) person or thing); to lay the responsibility (for
something said or done) at the door of.
If the did that wrong you charge with.
Tennyson.
8. To place within or upon any firearm, piece of
apparatus or machinery, the quantity it is intended and fitted to
hold or bear; to load; to fill; as, to charge a gun;
to charge an electrical machine, etc.
Their battering cannon charged to the mouths.
Shak.
9. To ornament with or cause to bear; as, to
charge an architectural member with a
molding.
10. (Her.) To assume as a bearing;
as, he charges three roses or; to add to or
represent on; as, he charges his shield with three
roses or.
11. To call to account; to challenge.
[Obs.]
To charge me to an answer.
Shak.
12. To bear down upon; to rush upon; to
attack.
Charged our main battle's front.
Shak.
Syn. -- To intrust; command; exhort; instruct; accuse;
impeach; arraign. See Accuse.
Charge (?), v. i. 1.
To make an onset or rush; as, to charge with
fixed bayonets.
Like your heroes of antiquity, he charges in
iron.
Glanvill.
\'bdCharge for the guns!\'b8 he said.
Tennyson.
2. To demand a price; as, to charge
high for goods.
3. To debit on an account; as, to
charge for purchases.
4. To squat on its belly and be still; -- a command
given by a sportsman to a dog.
Charge (?), n. [F.
charge, fr. charger to load. See
Charge, v. t., and cf. Cargo,
Caricature.] 1. A load or burder
laid upon a person or thing.
2. A person or thing commited or intrusted to the
care, custody, or management of another; a trust.
charge of the clergyman who is set over them.
3. Custody or care of any person, thing, or place;
office; responsibility; oversight; obigation; duty.
'Tis a great charge to come under one body's
hand.
Shak.
4. Heed; care; anxiety; trouble.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
5. Harm. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
6. An order; a mandate or command; an
injunction.
The king gave cherge concerning Absalom.
2. Sam. xviii. 5.
7. An address (esp. an earnest or impressive
address) containing instruction or exhortation; as, the
charge of a judge to a jury; the charge of a
bishop to his clergy.
8. An accusation of a wrong of offense; allegation;
indictment; specification of something alleged.
The charge of confounding very different classes of
phenomena.
Whewell.
9. Whatever constitutes a burden on property, as
rents, taxes, lines, etc.; costs; expense incurred; -- usually in
the plural.
10. The price demanded for a thing or
service.
11. An entry or a account of that which is due from
one party to another; that which is debited in a business
transaction; as, a charge in an account
book.
12. That quantity, as of ammunition, electricity,
ore, fuel, etc., which any apparatus, as a gun, battery, furnace,
machine, etc., is intended to receive and fitted to hold, or
which is actually in it at one time
13. The act of rushing upon, or towards, an enemy;
a sudden onset or attack, as of troops, esp. cavalry; hence, the
signal for attack; as, to sound the
charge.
Never, in any other war afore, gave the Romans a hotter
charge upon the enemies.
Holland.
The charge of the light brigade.
Tennyson.
14. A position (of a weapon) fitted for attack;
as, to bring a weapon to the charge.
15. (Far.) A soft of plaster or
ointment.
16. (Her.) A bearing. See
Bearing, n., 8.
17. [Cf. Charre.] Thirty-six
pigs of lead, each pig weighing about seventy pounds; -- called
also charre.
18. Weight; import; value.
Many suchlike \'bdas's\'b8 of great charge.
Shak.
Back charge. See under Back,
a. -- Bursting charge. (a
(Mil.) The charge which bursts a shell,
etc. (b (Mining) A small quantity of
fine powder to secure the ignition of a charge of coarse powder
in blasting. -- Charge and discharge (Equity
Practice), the old mode or form of taking an account
before a master in chancery. -- Charge sheet,
the paper on which are entered at a police station all
arrests and accusations. -- To sound the charge,
to give the signal for an attack.
Syn. -- Care; custody; trust; management; office; expense;
cost; price; assault; attack; onset; injunction; command; order;
mandate; instruction; accusation; indictment.
Charge"a*ble (?), a. 1.
That may be charged, laid, imposed, or imputes; as, a
duty chargeable on iron; a fault chargeable on
a man.
2. Subject to be charge or accused; liable or
responsible; as, revenues chargeable with a claim; a
man chargeable with murder.
3. Serving to create expense; costly;
burdensome.
That we might not be chargeable to any of you.
2. Thess. iii. 8.
For the sculptures, which are elegant, were very
chargeable.
Evelyn.
Charge"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being chargeable or expensive. [Obs.]
Whitelocke.
Charge"a*bly (?), adv. At great
cost; expensively. [Obs.]
Char"geant (?), a. [F.
chargeant, fr. charger to load.]
Burdensome; troublesome. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Char`g\'82" d'af`faires" (?),
n.; pl. Charg\'82s d'affaires.
[F., \'bdcharged with affairs.\'b8] A diplomatic
representative, or minister of an inferior grade, accredited by
the government of one state to the minister of foreign affairs of
another; also, a substitute, ad interim, for an
ambassador or minister plenipotentiary.
Charge"ful (?), a. Costly;
expensive. [Obs.]
The fineness of the gold and chargeful fashion.
Shak.
Charge"house` (?), n. A
schoolhouse. [Obs.]
Charge"less, a. Free from, or with
little, charge.
Char"geous (?), a.
Burdensome. [Obs.]
I was chargeous to no man.
Wyclif, (2 Cor. xi. 9).
Char"ger (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which charges.
2. An instrument for measuring or inserting a
charge.
3. A large dish. [Obs.]
Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger.
Matt. xiv. 8.
4. A horse for battle or parade.
Macaulay.
And furious every charger neighed.
Campbell.
Char*ge"ship (?), n. The office
of a charg\'82 d'affaires.
Char"i*ly (?), adv. In a chary
manner; carefully; cautiously; frugally.
Char"i*ness, n. The quality of being
chary.
Char"i*ot (?), n. [F.
Chariot, from char car. See
Car.] 1. (Antiq.) A
two-wheeled car or vehicle for war, racing, state processions,
etc.
First moved the chariots, after whom the foot.
Cowper.
2. A four-wheeled pleasure or state carriage,
having one seat.
Shak.
Char"i*ot, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Charioted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Charioting.] To convey in a
chariot.
Milton.
Char`i*ot*ee" (?), n. A light,
covered, four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two seats.
Char`i*ot*eer" (?), n.
1. One who drives a chariot.
2. (Astron.) A constellation. See
Auriga, and Wagones.
Cha"rism (?), n.
[Gr. .]
(Eccl.) A miraculously given power, as of
healing, speaking foreign languages without instruction, etc.,
attributed to some of the early Christians.
Char`is*mat"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a charism.
Char"i*ta*ble (?), a.[F. See
Charity.]
1. Full of love and good will; benevolent;
kind.
Be thy intents wicked or charitable, . . .
. . . I will speak to thee.
Shak.
2. Liberal in judging of others; disposed to look
on the best side, and to avoid harsh judgment.
3. Liberal in benefactions to the poor; giving
freely; generous; beneficent.
What charitable men afford to beggars.
Shak.
4. Of or pertaining to charity; springing from, or
intended for, charity; relating to almsgiving; elemosynary;
as, a charitable institution.
5. Dictated by kindness; favorable; lenient.
By a charitable construction it may be a
sermon.
L. Andrews.
Syn. -- Kind; beneficent; benevolent; generous; lenient;
forgiving; helpful; liberal; favorable; indulgent.
Char"i*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being charitable; the exercise of charity.
Char"i*ta*bly, adv. In a charitable
manner.
Char"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Charities (#). [F.
charit\'82 fr. L. caritas dearness, high
regard, love, from carus dear, costly, loved; asin to
Skr. kam to wish, love, cf. Ir. cara a
friend, W. caru to love. Cf. Caress.]
1. Love; universal benevolence; good will.
Now abideth faith, hope, charity, three; but the
greatest of these is charity.
1. Cor. xiii. 13.
They, at least, are little to be envied, in whose hearts the
great charities . . . lie dead.
Ruskin.
With malice towards none, with charity for all.
Lincoln.
2. Liberality in judging of men and their actions;
a disposition which inclines men to put the best construction on
the words and actions of others.
The highest exercise of charity is
charity towards the uncharitable.
Buckminster.
3. Liberality to the poor and the suffering, to
benevolent institutions, or to worthy causes; generosity.
The heathen poet, in commending the charity of Dido
to the Trojans, spake like a Christian.
Dryden.
4. Whatever is bestowed gratuitously on the needy
or suffering for their relief; alms; any act of kindness.
She did ill then to refuse her a charity.
L'Estrange.
5. A charitable institution, or a gift to create
and support such an institution; as, Lady Margaret's
charity.
6. pl. (Law) Eleemosynary
appointments [grants or devises] including relief of the poor or
friendless, education, religious culture, and public
institutions.
The charities that soothe, and heal, and bless,
Are scattered at the feet of man like flowers.
Wordsworth.
Sisters of Charity (R. C. Ch.), a
sisterhood of religious women engaged in works of mercy, esp. in
nursing the sick; -- a popular designation. There are various
orders of the Sisters of Charity.
Syn. -- Love; benevolence; good will; affection; tenderness;
beneficence; liberality; almsgiving.
\'d8Cha*ri`va*ri" (?), n.
[F.] A mock serenade of discordant noises, made
with kettles, tin horns, etc., designed to annoy and
insult.
Chark (?), n. [Abbrev. fr.
charcoal.] Charcoal; a cinder.
[Obs.]
DeFoe.
Chark, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Charked (?).] To burn
to a coal; to char. [Obs.]
Char"la*tan (?), n. [F.
charlatan, fr. It. ciarlatano, fr.
ciarlare to chartter, prate; of imitative origin; cf.
It. zirlare to whistle like a thrush.] One
who prates much in his own favor, and makes unwarrantable
pretensions; a quack; an impostor; an empiric; a
mountebank.
<-- p. 242 -->
<-- p. 242 -->
{ Char`la*tan"ic (?),
Char`la*tan"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or like a charlatan; making undue pretension; empirical;
pretentious; quackish. --
Char`la*tan"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Char"la*tan*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
charlatanisme.] Charlatanry.
Char"la*tan*ry (?), n. [F.
charlatanrie, from It. ciarlataneria. See
Charlatan.] Undue pretensions to skill;
quackery; wheedling; empiricism.
Charles's Wain (?). [Charles +
wain; cf. AS. Carles w (for
w\'91gn), Sw. karlvagnen, Dan.
karlsvogn. See Churl, and
Wain.] (Astron.) The group of
seven stars, commonly called the Dipper, in the
constellation Ursa Major, or Great Bear.
See Ursa major, under Ursa.
Char"lock (?), n. [AS.
cerlic; the latter part perh. fr. AS.
le\'a0c leek. Cf. Hemlock.]
(Bot.) A cruciferous plant (Brassica
sinapistrum) with yellow flowers; wild mustard. It is
troublesome in grain fields. Called also
chardock, chardlock,
chedlock, and
kedlock.
Jointed charlock, White
charlock, a troublesome weed (Raphanus
Raphanistrum) with straw-colored, whitish, or purplish
flowers, and jointed pods: wild radish.
Char"lotte (?), n. [F.]
A kind of pie or pudding made by lining a dish with slices
of bread, and filling it with bread soaked in milk, and
baked.
Charlotte Russe (, or
\'d8Charlotte \'85 la russe [F., lit.,
Russian charlotte] (Cookery), a dish
composed of custard or whipped cream, inclosed in sponge
cake.
Charm (?), n. [F.
charme, fr. L. carmen song, verse,
incantation, for casmen, akin to Skr.
\'87asman, \'87as\'be, a laudatory song,
from a root signifying to praise, to
sing.] 1. A melody; a song.
[Obs.]
With charm of earliest birds.
Milton.
Free liberty to chant our charms at will.
Spenser.
2. A word or combination of words sung or spoken in
the practice of magic; a magical combination of words,
characters, etc.; an incantation.
My high charms work.
Shak.
3. That which exerts an irresistible power to
please and attract; that which fascinates; any alluring
quality.
Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the
soul.
Pope.
The charm of beauty's powerful glance.
Milton.
4. Anything worn for its supposed efficacy to the
wearer in averting ill or securing good fortune.
5. Any small decorative object worn on the person,
as a seal, a key, a silver whistle, or the like. Bunches of
charms are often worn at the watch chain.
Syn. - Spell; incantation; conjuration; enchantment;
fascination; attraction.
Charm, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Charmed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Charming.] [Cf. F.
charmer. See Charm, n.]
1. To make music upon; to tune. [Obs. &
R.]
Here we our slender pipes may safely charm.
Spenser.
2. To subdue, control, or summon by incantation or
supernatural influence; to affect by magic.
No witchcraft charm thee!
Shak.
3. To subdue or overcome by some secret power, or
by that which gives pleasure; to allay; to soothe.
Music the fiercest grief can charm.
Pope.
4. To attract irresistibly; to delight exceedingly;
to enchant; to fascinate.
They, on their mirth and dance
Intent, with jocund music charm his ear.
Milton.
5. To protect with, or make invulnerable by,
spells, charms, or supernatural influences; as, a
charmed life.
I, in my own woe charmed,
Could not find death.
Shak.
Syn. - To fascinate; enchant; enrapture; captivate; bewitch;
allure; subdue; delight; entice; transport.
Charm, v. i. 1. To use magic
arts or occult power; to make use of charms.
The voice of charmers, charming never so
wisely.
Ps. lviii. 5.
2. To act as, or produce the effect of, a charm; to
please greatly; to be fascinating.
3. To make a musical sound.
[Obs.]
Milton.
\'d8Char"mel (?), n.
[Heb.] A fruitful field.
Libanus shall be turned into charmel, and
charmel shall be esteemed as a forest.
Isa. xxix. 17 (Douay version).
Charm"er (?), n. 1.
One who charms, or has power to charm; one who uses the
power of enchantment; a magician.
Deut. xviii. 11.
2. One who delights and attracts the
affections.
Charm"er*ess (?), n. An
enchantress.
Chaucer.
Charm"ful (?), a. Abounding
with charms. \'bdHis charmful lyre.\'b8
Cowley.
Charm"ing, a. Pleasing the mind or
senses in a high degree; delighting; fascinating;
attractive.
How charming is divine philosophy.
Milton.
Syn. - Enchanting; bewitching; captivating; enrapturing;
alluring; fascinating; delightful; pleasurable; graceful; lovely;
amiable; pleasing; winning.
-- Charm"ing*ly, adv. --
Charm"ing*ness, n.
Charm"less, a. Destitute of
charms.
Swift.
{ Char"ne*co, Char"ni*co (?)
}, n. A sort of sweet wine.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Char"nel (?), a. [F.
charnel carnal, fleshly, fr. L. carnalis.
See Carnal.] Containing the bodies of the
dead. \'bdCharnel vaults.\'b8
Milton.
Charnel house, a tomb, vault, cemetery, or
other place where the bones of the dead are deposited;
originally, a place for the bones thrown up when digging new
graves in old burial grounds.
Char"nel, n. A charnel house; a grave; a
cemetery.
In their proud charnel of Thermopyl\'91.
Byron.
Cha"ron (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
(Cless. Myth.) The son of Erebus and
Nox, whose office it was to ferry the souls of the dead over the
Styx, a river of the infernal regions.
Shak.
\'d8Char"pie (?), n. [F.,
properly fem. p. p. of OF. charpir, carpir,
to pluck, fr. L. carpere. Cf. Carpet.]
(Med.) Straight threads obtained by unraveling
old linen cloth; -- used for surgical dressings.
\'d8Char"qui (?), n. [Sp. A
term used in South America, Central America, and the Western
United States.] Jerked beef; beef cut into long strips
and dried in the wind and sun.
Darwin.
Charr (?), n. See 1st
Char.
\'d8Char"ras (?), n. The gum
resin of the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa). Same as
Churrus.
Balfour.
Charre (?), n. [LL.
charrus a certain weight.] See
Charge, n., 17.
Char"ry (?), a. [See 6th
Char.] Pertaining to charcoal, or partaking
of its qualities.
Chart (?), n. [A doublet of
card: cf. F. charte charter,
carte card. See Card, and cf.
Charter.] 1. A sheet of paper,
pasteboard, or the like, on which information is exhibited, esp.
when the information is arranged in tabular form; as, an
historical chart.
2. A map; esp., a hydrographic or marine map; a map
on which is projected a portion of water and the land which it
surrounds, or by which it is surrounded, intended especially for
the use of seamen; as, the United States Coast Survey
charts; the English Admiralty
charts.
3. A written deed; a charter.
Globular chart, a chart constructed on a
globular projection. See under Globular. --
Heliographic chart, a map of the sun with its
spots. -- Mercator's chart, a chart
constructed on the principle of Mercator's projection. See
Projection. -- Plane chart, a
representation of some part of the superficies of the globe, in
which its spherical form is disregarded, the meridians being
drawn parallel to each other, and the parallels of latitude at
equal distances. -- Selenographic chart, a
map representing the surface of the moon. --
Topographic chart, a minute delineation of a
limited place or region.
Chart, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Charted.] To lay down in a
chart; to map; to delineate; as, to chart a
coast.
\'d8Char"ta (?), n. [L., leaf
of paper. See Chart.] (Law)
(a) Material on which instruments, books, etc., are
written; parchment or paper. (b) A charter or
deed; a writing by which a grant is made. See Magna
Charta.
Char*ta"ceous (?), a. [L.
chartaceus. See Charta.]
Resembling paper or parchment; of paper-like texture;
papery.
\'d8Charte (?), n. [F. See
Chart.] The constitution, or fundamental law,
of the French monarchy, as established on the restoration of
Louis XVIII., in 1814.
Char"ter (?), n. [OF.
chartre, F. chartre, charte, fr.
L. chartula a little paper, dim. of charta.
See Chart, Card.] 1. A
written evidence in due form of things done or granted, contracts
made, etc., between man and man; a deed, or conveyance.
[Archaic]
2. An instrument in writing, from the sovereign
power of a state or country, executed in due form, bestowing
rights, franchises, or privileges.
The king [John, a.d. 1215], with a facility somewhat
suspicious, signed and sealed the charter which was
required of him. This famous deed, commonly called the \'bdGreat
Charter,\'b8 either granted or secured very important
liberties and privileges to every order of men in the
kingdom.
Hume.
3. An act of a legislative body creating a
municipal or other corporation and defining its powers and
privileges. Also, an instrument in writing from the constituted
authorities of an order or society (as the Freemasons), creating
a lodge and defining its powers.
4. A special privilege, immunity, or
exemption.
My mother,
Who has a charter to extol her blood,
When she does praise me, grieves me.
Shak.
5. (Com.) The letting or hiring a vessel
by special contract, or the contract or instrument whereby a
vessel is hired or let; as, a ship is offered for sale or
charter. See Charter party,
below.
Charter land (O. Eng. Law), land
held by charter, or in socage; bookland. -- Charter
member, one of the original members of a society or
corporation, esp. one named in a charter, or taking part in the
first proceedings under it. -- Charter party
[F. chartre partie, or charte partie, a
divided charter; from the practice of cutting the instrument of
contract in two, and giving one part to each of the
contractors] (Com.), a mercantile lease of a
vessel; a specific contract by which the owners of a vessel let
the entire vessel, or some principal part of the vessel, to
another person, to be used by the latter in transportation for
his own account, either under their charge or his. --
People's Charter (Eng. Hist.), the
document which embodied the demands made by the Chartists, so
called, upon the English government in 1838.
Char"ter, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chartered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chartering.] 1. To
establish by charter.
2. To hire or let by charter, as a ship. See
Charter party, under Charter,
n.
Char"tered (?), a. 1.
Granted or established by charter; having, or existing
under, a charter; having a privilege by charter.
The sufficiency of chartered rights.
Palfrey.
The air, a chartered libertine.
Shak.
2. Hired or let by charter, as a ship.
Char"ter*er (?), n. One who
charters; esp. one who hires a ship for a voyage.
Char"ter*house` (?), n. A well
known public school and charitable foundation in the building
once used as a Carthusian monastery (Chartreuse) in
London.
Char"ter*ist, n. Same as
Chartist.
Chart"ism (?), n. [F.
charte charter. Cf. Charte,
Chart.] The principles of a political party
in England (1838-48), which contended for universal suffrage, the
vote by ballot, annual parliaments, equal electoral districts,
and other radical reforms, as set forth in a document called the
People's Charter.
Chart"ist (?), n. A supporter
or partisan of chartism. [Eng.]
Chart"less, a. 1. Without a
chart; having no guide.
2. Not mapped; uncharted; vague.
Barlow.
Char*tog"ra*pher (?), n.,
Char`to*graph"ic (, a.,
Char*tog"ra*phy (, n.,
etc. Same as Cartographer,
Cartographic, Cartography, etc.
Char"to*man`cy (?), n. [L.
charta paper + -mancy. Cf.
Cartomancy.] Divination by written paper or
by cards.
Char*tom"e*ter (?), n.
[Chart + -meter.] An
instrument for measuring charts or maps.
\'d8Char`treuse" (?), n.
[F.] 1. A Carthusian monastery; esp.
La Grande Chartreuse, mother house of the order, in
the mountains near Grenoble, France.
2. An alcoholic cordial, distilled from aromatic
herbs; -- made at La Grande Chartreuse.
\'d8Char`treux" (?), n.
[F.] A Carthusian.
Char"tu*la*ry (?), n. See
Cartulary.
Char"wom`an (?), n.; pl.
Charwomen (#). [See Char
a chore.] A woman hired for odd work or for single
days.
Char"y (?), a. [AS.
cearig careful, fr. cearu care. See
Care.] Careful; wary; cautious; not rash,
reckless, or spendthrift; saving; frugal.
His rising reputation made him more chary of his
fame.
Jeffrey.
Cha*ryb"dis (?), n. [L., Gr.
A dangerous whirlpool on the coast of Sicily
opposite Scylla on the Italian coast. It is personified as a
female monster. See Scylla.
Chas"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being chased; fit for hunting.
Gower.
Chase (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chased (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Chasing.]
[OF. chacier, F. chasser, fr.
(assumed) LL. captiare, fr. L. captare to
strive to seize. See Catch.] 1. To
pursue for the purpose of killing or taking, as an enemy, or
game; to hunt.
We are those which chased you from the field.
Shak.
Philologists, who chase
A panting syllable through time and place.
Cowper.
2. To follow as if to catch; to pursue; to compel
to move on; to drive by following; to cause to fly; -- often with
away or off; as, to chase the
hens away.
Chased by their brother's endless malice from
prince to prince and from place to place.
Knolles.
3. To pursue eagerly, as hunters pursue game.
Chasing each other merrily.
Tennyson.
Chase, v. i. To give chase; to hunt;
as, to chase around after a doctor.
[Colloq.]
Chase, n. [Cf. F. chasse, fr.
chasser. See Chase, v.]
1. Vehement pursuit for the purpose of killing or
capturing, as of an enemy, or game; an earnest seeking after any
object greatly desired; the act or habit of hunting; a
hunt. \'bdThis mad chase of fame.\'b8
Dryden.
You see this chase is hotly followed.
Shak.
2. That which is pursued or hunted.
Nay, Warwick, seek thee out some other chase,
For I myself must hunt this deer to death.
Shak.
3. An open hunting ground to which game resorts,
and which is private properly, thus differing from a forest,
which is not private property, and from a park, which is
inclosed. Sometimes written chace.
[Eng.]
4. (Court Tennis) A division of the
floor of a gallery, marked by a figure or otherwise; the spot
where a ball falls, and between which and the dedans the
adversary must drive his ball in order to gain a point.
Chase gun (Naut.), a cannon placed
at the bow or stern of an armed vessel, and used when pursuing an
enemy, or in defending the vessel when pursued. --
Chase port (Naut.), a porthole from
which a chase gun is fired. -- Stern chase
(Naut.), a chase in which the pursuing vessel
follows directly in the wake of the vessel pursued.
Chase, n. [F. ch\'a0se, fr.
L. capsa box, case. See Case a box.]
(Print.) 1. A rectangular iron frame in
which pages or columns of type are imposed.
2. (Mil.) The part of a cannon from the
re\'89nforce or the trunnions to the swell of the muzzle. See
Cannon.
3. A groove, or channel, as in the face of a wall;
a trench, as for the reception of drain tile.
4. (Shipbuilding) A kind of joint by
which an overlap joint is changed to a flush joint, by means of a
gradually deepening rabbet, as at the ends of clinker-built
boats.
Chase, v. t. [A contraction of
enchase.] 1. To ornament (a
surface of metal) by embossing, cutting away parts, and the
like.
2. To cut, so as to make a screw thread.
Chas"er (?), n. 1. One
who or that which chases; a pursuer; a driver; a hunter.
2. (Naut.) Same as Chase gun,
esp. in terms bow chaser and stern chaser.
See under Bow, Stern.
Chas"er, n. 1. One who chases
or engraves. See 5th Chase, and Enchase.
2. (Mech.) A tool with several points,
used for cutting or finishing screw threads, either external or
internal, on work revolving in a lathe.
Chas"i*ble (?), n. See
Chasuble.
Chas"ing (?), n. The art of
ornamenting metal by means of chasing tools; also, a piece of
ornamental work produced in this way.
Chasm (?), n. [L.
chasma, Gr. Chaos.] 1. A deep opening made by
disruption, as a breach in the earth or a rock; a yawning abyss;
a cleft; a fissure.
That deep, romantic chasm which slanted down the
green hill.
Coleridge.
2. A void space; a gap or break, as in ranks of
men.
Memory . . . fills up the chasms of thought.
Addison.
Chasmed (?), a. Having gaps or
a chasm. [R.]
Chas"my (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a chasm; abounding in chasms.
Carlyle.
They cross the chasmy torrent's foam-lit bed.
Wordsworth.
<-- p. 243 -->
Chas`se" (?), n. [F., fr.
chass\'82, p. p. of chasser to
chase.] A movement in dancing, as across or to the
right or left.
Chas`se", v. i. (Dancing) To
make the movement called chass\'82; as, all
chass\'82; chass\'82 to the right or
left.
Chas"se*las (?), n. [F., from
the village of Chasselas.] A white grape,
esteemed for the table.
\'d8Chasse`pot" (?), n. [From
the French inventor, A. A. Chassepot.]
(Mil.) A kind of breechloading, center-fire
rifle, or improved needle gun.
Chas`seur" (?), n. [F., a
huntsman. See Chase to pursue.] 1.
(Mil.) One of a body of light troops, cavalry or
infantry, trained for rapid movements.
2. An attendant upon persons of rank or wealth,
wearing a plume and sword.
The great chasseur who had announced her
arrival.
W. Irving.
Chas"sis (?), n. [F.
ch.] (Mil.) A traversing
base frame, or movable railway, along which the carriage of a
barbette or casemate gum moves backward and forward. [See Gun
carriage.]
Chast (?), v. t. to
chasten. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chaste (?), a. [F.
chaste, from L. castus pure, chaste; cf.
Gr. to purify.]
1. Pure from unlawful sexual intercourse; virtuous;
continent. \'bdAs chaste as Diana.\'b8
Shak.
Whose bed is undefiled and chaste pronounced.
Milton.
2. Pure in thought and act; innocent; free from
lewdness and obscenity, or indecency in act or speech; modest;
as, a chaste mind; chaste eyes.
3. Pure in design and expression; correct; free
from barbarisms or vulgarisms; refined; simple; as, a
chaste style in composition or art.
That great model of chaste, lofty, and eloquence,
the Book of Common Prayer.
Macaulay.
4. Unmarried. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Syn. -- Undefiled; pure; virtuous; continent; immaculate;
spotless.
Chaste tree. Same as Agnus
castus.
Chaste"ly, adv. In a chaste manner; with
purity.
Chas"ten (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chastened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chastening.] [OE. chastien,
OF. Chastier, F. Ch, fr. L.
castigare to punish, chastise; castus pure
+ agere to lead, drive. See Chaste,
Act, and cf. Castigate,
Chastise.] 1. To correct by
punishment; to inflict pain upon the purpose of reclaiming; to
discipline; as, to chasten a son with a
rod.
For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth.
Heb. xii. 6.
2. To purify from errors or faults; to
refine.
They [classics] chasten and enlarge the mind, and
excite to noble actions.
Layard.
Syn. -- To chastise; punish; correct; discipline; castigate;
afflict; subdue; purify. To Chasten, Punish,
Chastise. To chasten is to subject to
affliction or trouble, in order to produce a general change for
the better in life or character. To punish is to
inflict penalty for violation of law, disobedience to authority,
or intentional wrongdoing. To chastise is to punish a
particular offense, as with stripes, especially with the hope
that suffering or disgrace may prevent a repetition of
faults.
Chas"tened (?), a. Corrected;
disciplined; refined; purified; toned down.
Sir. W. Scott.
Of such a finished chastened purity.
Tennyson.
Chas"ten*er (?), n. One who
chastens.
Chaste"ness (?), n. 1.
Chastity; purity.
2. (Literature & Art) Freedom from all
that is meretricious, gaundy, or affected; as,
chasteness of design.
Chas*tis"a*ble (?), a. Capable
or deserving of chastisement; punishable.
Sherwood.
Chas*tise" (?), v. t.
[imp & p. p. Chastised
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chastising.] [OE. chastisen;
chastien + ending -isen + modern
-ise, ize, L. izare, G. Chasten.] 1. To inflict pain upon,
by means of stripes, or in any other manner, for the purpose of
punishment or reformation; to punish, as with stripes.
How fine my master is! I am afraid
He will chastise me.
Shak.
I am glad to see the vanity or envy of the canting chemists
thus discovered and chastised.
Boyle.
2. To reduce to order or obedience; to correct or
purify; to free from faults or excesses.
The gay, social sense, by decency chastised.
Thomson.
Syn. -- See Chasten.
Chas"tise*ment (?), n. [From
Chastise.] The act of chastising; pain
inflicted for punishment and correction; discipline;
punishment.
Shall I so much dishonor my fair stars,
On equal terms to give him chastesement!
Shak.
I have borne chastisement; I will not offend any
more.
Job xxxiv. 31.
Chas*tis"er (?), n. One who
chastises; a punisher; a corrector.
Jer. Taylor.
The chastiser of the rich.
Burke.
Chas"ti*ty (?), n. [F.
chastet\'82, fr. L. castitas, fr.
castus. See Chaste.] 1.
The state of being chaste; purity of body; freedom from
unlawful sexual intercourse.
She . . . hath preserved her spotless chastity.
T. Carew.
2. Moral purity.
So dear to heaven is saintly chastity,
That, when a soul is found sicerely so
A thousand liveried angels lackey her.
Milton.
3. The unmarried life; celibacy.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
4. (Literature & Art) Chasteness.
Chas"u*ble (?), n. [F.
chasuble, LL. casubula,
cassibula, casula, a hooded garment,
covering the person like a little house; cf. It.
casupola, casipola, cottage, dim of L.
casa cottage.] (Eccl.) The outer
vestment worn by the priest in saying Mass, consisting, in the
Roman Catholic Church, of a broad, flat, back piece, and a
narrower front piece, the two connected over the shoulders only.
The back has usually a large cross, the front an upright bar or
pillar, designed to be emblematical of Christ's sufferings. In
the Greek Church the chasuble is a large round mantle.
[Written also chasible, and
chesible.]
Chat (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Chatted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Chatting.] [From
Chatter. \'fb22.] To talk in a light and
familiar manner; to converse without form or ceremony; to
gossip.
Shak.
To chat a while on their adventures.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To talk; chatter; gossip; converse.
Chat, v. t. To talk of.
[Obs.]
Chat, n. 1. Light, familiar
talk; conversation; gossip.
Snuff, or fan, supply each pause of chat,
With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that.
Pope.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A bird of the genus
Icteria, allied to the warblers, in America. The best
known species are the yelow-breasted chat (I.
viridis), and the long chat (I. longicauda). In
Europe the name is given to several birds of the family
Saxicolid\'91, as the stonechat, and
whinchat.
Bush chat. (Zo\'94l.) See under
Bush.
Chat, n. 1. A twig, cone, or
little branch. See Chit.
2. pl. (Mining) Small
stones with ore.
Chat potatoes, small potatoes, such as are
given to swine. [Local.]
\'d8Cha`teau" (?), n.; pl.
Chateux (#). [F.
ch\'83teau a castle. See Castle.]
1. A castle or a fortress in France.
2. A manor house or residence of the lord of the
manor; a gentleman's country seat; also, particularly, a royal
residence; as, the chateau of the Louvre; the
chateau of the Luxembourg.
ch\'83teau-fort.
\'d8Chateau en Espagne (
[F.], a castle in Spain, that is, a castle in the
air, Spain being the region of romance.
Chat"e*laine (?), n. [F.
ch\'83telaine the wife of a castellan, the mistress of
a chateau, a chatelaine chain.] An ornamental hook, or
brooch worn by a lady at her waist, and having a short chain or
chains attached for a watch, keys, trinkets, etc. Also used
adjectively; as, a chatelaine chain.
Chat"e*let (?), n. [F.
ch\'83telet, dim. of ch\'83teau.
See Castle.] A little
castle.
Chat"el*la*ny (?), n. [F.
ch\'83tellenie.] Same as
Castellany.
\'d8Cha`ti" (?), n. [Cf. F.
chat cat.] (Zo\'94l.) A small
South American species of tiger cat (Felis
mitis).
Cha*toy"ant (?), a. [F., p. pr.
of chatoyer to be chatoyant, fr. chat
cat.] (Min.) Having a changeable, varying
luster, or color, like that of a changeable silk, or oa a cat's
eye in the dark.
Cha*toy"ant, n. (Min.) A hard
stone, as the cat's-eye, which presents on a polished
surface, and in the interior, an undulating or wary light.
Cha*toy"ment (?), n. [F.
chatoiement. See Chatoyant.]
Changeableness of color, as in a mineral; play of
colors.
Cleaceland.
Chat"tel (?), n. [OF.
chatel; another form of catel. See
Cattle.] (Law) Any item of movable
or immovable property except the freehold, or the things which
are parcel of it. It is a more extensive term than
goods or effects.
Chattels are personal or real:
personal are such as are movable, as goods, plate,
money; real are such rights in land as are less than a
freehold, as leases, mortgages, growing corn, etc.
Chattel mortgage (Law), a mortgage
on personal property, as distinguished from one on real
property.
Chat"tel*ism (?), n. The act or
condition of holding chattels; the state of being a
chattel.
Chat"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Chattered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chattering.] [Of imitative origin. Cf.
Chat, v. i. Chitter.]
1. To utter sounds which somewhat resemble
language, but are inarticulate and indistinct.
The jaw makes answer, as the magpie chatters.
Wordsworth.
2. To talk idly, carelessly, or with undue
rapidity; to jabber; to prate.
To tame a shrew, and charm her chattering
tongue.
Shak.
3. To make a noise by rapid collisions.
With chattering teeth, and bristling hair
upright.
Dryden.
Chat"ter, v. t. To utter rapidly, idly,
or indistinctly.
Begin his witless note apace to chatter.
Spenser.
Chat"ter, n. 1. Sounds like
those of a magpie or monkey; idle talk; rapid, thoughtless talk;
jabber; prattle.
Your words are but idle and empty chatter.
Longfellow.
2. Noise made by collision of the teeth, as in
shivering.
Chat*ter*a"tion (?), n. The act
or habit of chattering. [Colloq.]
Chat"ter*er (?), n. 1.
A prater; an idle talker.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A bird of the family
Ampelid\'91 -- so called from its monotonous note.
The Bohemion chatterer (Ampelis
garrulus) inhabits the arctic regions of both continents.
In America the cedar bird is a more common
species. See Bohemian chatterer, and Cedar
bird.
Chat"ter*ing (?), n. The act or
habit of talking idly or rapidly, or of making inarticulate
sounds; the sounds so made; noise made by the collision of the
teeth; chatter.
Chat"ti*ness (?), n. The
quality of being chatty, or of talking easily and
pleasantly.
Chat"ty (?), a. Given to light,
familiar talk; talkative.
Lady M. W. Montagu.
\'d8Chat"ty, n. [Tamil
sh\'beti.] A porous earthen pot used in
India for cooling water, etc.
Chat"wood` (?), n.
[Chat a little stick + wood.]
Little sticks; twigs for burning; fuel.
Johnson.
Chaud"-med`ley (?), n. [F.
chaude m\'88l\'82e; chaud hot +
m\'88ler (Formerly sometimes spelt medler) to
mingle.] (Law) The killing of a person in
an affray, in the heat of blood, and while under the influence of
passion, thus distinguished from chance-medley or
killing in self-defense, or in a casual affray.
Burrill.
Chau"dron (?), n. See
Chawdron. [Obs.]
Chauf"fer (?), n. [Cf. F.
chauffoir a kind of stone, fr. chauffer to
heat. See Chafe.] (Chem.) A table
stove or small furnace, usually a cylindrical box of sheet iron,
with a grate at the bottem, and an open top.
Chaul"dron (?), n. See
Chawdron. [Obs.]
Chaun (?), n. A gap.
[Obs.]
Colgrave.
Chaun, v. t. & i. To open; to
yawn. [Obs.]
O, chaun thy breast.
Marston.
Chaunt (?), n. & v. See
Chant.
Chaunt"er (?), n. 1. A
street seller of ballads and other broadsides.
[Slang, Eng.]
2. A deceitful, tricky dealer or horse
jockey. [Colloq.]
He was a horse chaunter; he's a leg now.
Dickens.
3. The flute of a bagpipe. See Chanter,
n., 3.
Chaunt"er*ie (?), n. See
Chantry. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Cha"us (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) a lynxlike animal of Asia and Africa
(Lynx Lybicus).
\'d8Chausses (?), n. pl.
[F.] The garment for the legs and feet and for
the body below the waist, worn in Europe throughout the Middle
Ages; applied also to the armor for the same parts, when fixible,
as of chain mail.
\'d8Chaus`sure" (?), n.
[F.] A foot covering of any kind.
Chau"vin*ism (?), n. [F.
chauvinisme, from Chauvin, a character
represented as making grotesque and threatening displays of his
attachment to his fallen chief, Napoleon I., in 1815.]
Blind and absurd devotion to a fallen leader or an obsolete
cause; hence, absurdly vainglorious or exaggerated
patriotism.
-- Chau"vin*ist, n. --
Chau`vin*is"tic (,
a.
chauvinism. It is the character of the
latter quality to be wildly extravagant, to be fretful and
childish and silly, to resent a doubt as an insult, and to offend
by its very frankness.
Prof. H. Tuttle.
Chav"en*der (?), n. [Cf.
Cheven.] (Zo\'94l.) The
chub.
Walton.
Chaw (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chawed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Chawing.]
[See Chew.] 1. To grind with
the teeth; to masticate, as food in eating; to chew, as the cud;
to champ, as the bit.
The trampling steed, with gold and purple trapped,
Chawing the foamy bit, there fiercely stood.
Surrey.
2. To ruminate in thought; to consider; to keep the
mind working upon; to brood over.
Dryden.
A word formerly in good use, but now regarded as
vulgar.
Chaw, n. [See Chaw, v.
t.] 1. As much as is put in the mouth
at once; a chew; a quid. [Law]
2. [Cf. Jaw.] The jaw.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Chaw bacon, a rustic; a bumpkin; a lout.
(Law) -- Chaw tooth, a grinder.
(Law)
Chaw"dron (?), n. [OF.
chaudun, caudun, caldun; cf. G.
kaldaunen guts, bowels, LL. calduna
intestine, W. coluddyn gut, dim. of coludd
bowels.] Entrails. [Obs.]
[Written also chaudron,
chauldron.]
Shak.
Chay" root` (?). [Tamil
sh\'beya.] The root of the Oldenlandia
umbellata, native in India, which yieds a durable red
dyestuff. [Written also choy
root.]
Cha*zy" ep"och (?). (Geol.) An
epoch at the close of the Canadian period of the American Lower
Silurian system; -- so named from a township in Clinton Co., New
York. See the Diagram under Geology.
Cheap (?), n. [AS.
ce\'a0p bargain, sale, price; akin to D.
Koop purchase, G. Kauf, ICel.
kaup bargain. Cf. Cheapen, Chapman,
Chaffer, Cope, v. i.] A bargain; a
purchase; cheapness. [Obs.]
The sack that thou hast drunk me would have bought me lights
as good cheap at the dearest chandler's in Europe.
Shak.
Cheap, a. [Abbrev. fr. \'bdgood
cheap\'b8: a good purchase or bargain; cf. F. bon
march\'82, \'85 bon march\'82. See
Cheap, n., Cheapen.]
1. Having a low price in market; of small cost or
price, as compared with the usual price or the real value.
Where there are a great sellers to a few buyers, there the
thing to be sold will be cheap.
Locke.
2. Of comparatively small value; common;
mean.
You grow cheap in every subject's eye.
Dryden.
Dog cheap, very cheap, -- a phrase formed
probably by the catachrestical transposition of good
cheap. [Colloq.]<-- = dirt cheap?-->
Cheap, adv. Cheaply.
Milton.
Cheap, v. i. To buy; to bargain.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
<-- p. 244 -->
Cheap"en (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cheapened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cheapening.] [OE. cheapien,
chepen, to trade, buy, sell, AS.
ce\'a0pian; akin to D. koopen to buy, G.
kaufen, Icel. kaupa, Goth.
kaup\'d3n to trade. Cf. Chap to
bargain.] 1. To ask the price of; to bid,
bargain, or chaffer for. [Obsoles.]
Pretend to cheapen goods, but nothing buy.
Swift.
2. [Cf. Cheap, a.]
To beat down the price of; to lessen the value of; to
depreciate.
Pope.
My proffered love has cheapened me.
Dryden.
Cheap"en*er (?), n. One who
cheapens.
{ Cheap"-jack` (?), Cheap"-john`
(?), } n. A seller of low-priced
or second goods; a hawker.
Cheap"ly (?), adv. At a small
price; at a low value; in a common or inferior manner.
Cheap"ness (?), n. Lowness in
price, considering the usual price, or real value.
Chear (?), n. & v.
[Obs.] See Cheer.
Cheat (?), n. [rob. an
abbrevation of escheat, lands or tenements that fall
to a lord or to the state by forfeiture, or by the death of the
tenant without heirs; the meaning being explained by the frauds,
real or supposed, that were resorted to in procuring escheats.
See Escheat.] 1. An act of deception
or fraud; that which is the means of fraud or deception; a fraud;
a trick; imposition; imposture.
When I consider life, 'tis all a cheat.
Dryden.
2. One who cheats or deceives; an impostor; a
deceiver; a cheater.
Airy wonders, which cheats interpret.
Johnson
3. (Bot.) A troublesome grass, growing
as a weed in grain fields; -- called also
chess. See Chess.
4. (Law) The obtaining of property from
another by an intentional active distortion of the truth.
cheats are effected by deceitful or
illegal symbols or tokens which may affect the public at large
and against which common prudence could not have guarded, they
are indictable at common law.
Wharton.
Syn. -- Deception; imposture; fraud; delusion; artifice;
trick; swindle; deceit; guile; finesse; stratagem.
Cheat, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cheated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cheating.] [See CHeat,
n., Escheat.] 1. To
deceive and defraud; to impose upon; to trick; to swindle.
I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath
cheated me of this island.
Shak.
2. To beguile.
Sir W. Scott.
To cheat winter of its dreariness.
W. Irving.
Syn. -- To trick; cozen; gull; chouse; fool; outwit;
circumvent; beguile; mislead; dupe; swindle; defraud; overreach;
delude; hoodwink; deceive; bamboozle.
Cheat, v. i. To practice fraud or
trickery; as, to cheat at cards.
Cheat, n. [Perh. from OF.
chet\'82 goods, chattels.] Wheat, or bread
made from wheat. [Obs.]
Drayton.
Their purest cheat,
Thrice bolted, kneaded, and subdued in paste.
Chapman.
Cheat"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being cheated.
Cheat"a*ble*ness, n. Capability of being
cheated.
Cheat"er (?), n. 1.
One who cheats.
2. An escheator. [R.]
Shak.
Che*bac"co (?), n. [From
Chebacco, the former name of Essex, a town in
Massachusetts where such vessels were built.]
(Naut.) A narrow-sterned boat formerly much used
in the Newfoundland fisheries; -- called also
pinkstern and chebec.
Bartlett.
Che"bec (?), n. (Naut.)
See Chebacco.
Che*bec" (?), n. [Named from
its note.] (Zo\'94l.) A small American bird
(Empidonax minimus); the least flycatcher.
Check (?), n. [OE.
chek, OF. eschec, F. \'82chec, a
stop, hindrance, orig. check in the game of chess, pl.
\'82checs chess, through AR., fr. Pers.
sh\'beh king. See Shah, and cf.
Checkmate, Chess, Checker.]
1. (Chess) A word of warning denoting
that the king is in danger; such a menace of a player's king by
an adversary's move as would, if it were any other piece, expose
it to immediate capture. A king so menaced is said to be in
check, and must be made safe at the next move.
2. A condition of interrupted or impeded progress;
arrest; stop; delay; as, to hold an enemy in
check.
Which gave a remarkable check to the first progress
of Christianity.
Addison.
No check, no stay, this streamlet fears.
Wordsworth.
3. Whatever arrests progress, or limits action; an
obstacle, guard, restraint, or rebuff.
Useful check upon the administration of
government.
Washington.
A man whom no check could abash.
Macaulay.
4. A mark, certificate, or token, by which, errors
may be prevented, or a thing or person may be identified; as,
checks placed against items in an account; a
check given for baggage; a return check on a
railroad.
5. A written order directing a bank or banker to
pay money as therein stated. See Bank check,
below.
6. A woven or painted design in squares resembling
the patten of a checkerboard; one of the squares of such a
design; also, cloth having such a figure.
7. (Falconry) The forsaking by a hawk of
its proper game to follow other birds.
8. Small chick or crack.
Bank check, a written order on a banker or
broker to pay money in his keeping belonging to the signer.
-- Check book, a book containing blank forms for
checks upon a bank. -- Check hook, a hook on
the saddle of a harness, over which a checkrein is looped.
-- Check list, a list or catalogue by which things
may be verified, or on which they may be checked. --
Check nut (Mech.), a secondary nut,
screwing down upon the primary nut to secure it.
Knight. -- Check valve
(Mech.), a valve in the feed pipe of a boiler to
prevent the return of the feed water. -- To take
check, to take offense. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Syn. -- Hindrance; setback; interruption; obstruction;
reprimand; censure; rebuke; reproof; repulse; rebuff; tally;
counterfoil; counterbalance; ticket; draft.
Check, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Checked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. checking.] 1.
(Chess) To make a move which puts an adversary's
piece, esp. his king, in check; to put in check.
2. To put a sudden restraint upon; to stop
temporarily; to hinder; to repress; to curb.
So many clogs to check and retard the headlong
course of violence and oppression.
Burke.
3. To verify, to guard, to make secure, by means of
a mark, token, or other check; to distinguish by a check; to put
a mark against (an item) after comparing with an original or a
counterpart in order to secure accuracy; as, to
check an account; to check baggage.
4. To chide, rebuke, or reprove.
The good king, his master, will check him for
it.
Shak.
5. (Naut.) To slack or ease off, as a
brace which is too stiffly extended.
6. To make checks or chinks in; to cause to crack;
as, the sun checks timber.
Syn. -- To restrain; curb; bridle; repress; control; hinder;
impede; obstruct; interrupt; tally; rebuke; reprove;
rebuff.
Check (?), v. i. To make a
stop; to pause; -- with at.
The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, either is
disabled for the future, or else checks at any
vigorous undertaking ever after.
Locke.
2. To clash or interfere. [R.]
Bacon.
3. To act as a curb or restraint.
It [his presence] checks too strong upon me.
Dryden.
4. To crack or gape open, as wood in drying; or to
crack in small checks, as varnish, paint, etc.
5. (Falconry) To turn, when in pursuit
of proper game, and fly after other birds.
And like the haggard, check at every feather
That comes before his eye.
Shak.
Check, a. Checkered; designed in
checks.
Check"age (?), n. 1.
The act of checking; as, the checkage of a name
or of an item in a list.
2. The items, or the amount, to which attention is
called by a check or checks.
Check"er, n. [From Check,
v. t.] One who checks.
Check"er (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Checkered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Checkering.] [From OF.
eschequier a chessboard, F. \'82chiquier.
See Check, n., and cf. 3d
Checker.] 1. To mark with small
squares like a checkerboard, as by crossing stripes of different
colors.
2. To variegate or diversify with different
qualities, color, scenes, or events; esp., to subject to frequent
alternations of prosterity and adversity.
Our minds are, as it were, checkered with truth and
falsehood.
Addison.
Check"er, n. [OF. eschequier.
See Checker, v. t.]
1. A piece in the game of draughts or
checkers.
2. A pattern in checks; a single check.
3. Checkerwork.
chequer.
Check"er*ber`ry (?), n.; pl.
Checkerberries (#). (Bot.)
A spicy plant and its bright red berry; the wintergreen
(Gaultheria procumbens). Also incorrectly applied to
the partridge berry (Mitchella repens).
Check"er*board (?), n. A board
with sixty-four squares of alternate color, used for playing
checkers or draughts.
Chack"ered (?), a. 1.
Marked with alternate squares or checks of different color
or material.
Dancing in the checkered shade.
Milton.
2. Diversified or variegated in a marked manner, as
in appearance, character, circumstances, etc.
This checkered narrative.
Macaulay.
Check"ers (?), n. pl. [See
Checher, v.] A game, called also
daughts, played on a checkerboard by two
persons, each having twelve men (counters or checkers) which are
moved diagonally. The game is ended when either of the players
has lost all his men, or can not move them.
Check"er*work` (?), n. 1.
Work consisting of or showing checkers varied alternately as
to colors or materials.
2. Any aggregate of varied vicissitudes.
How strange a checkerwork of Providence is the life
of man.
De Foe.
Check"la*ton (?), n. 1.
Ciclatoun. [Obs.]
2. Gilded leather. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Check"less, a. That can not be checked
or restrained.
Check"mate, n. [F. \'82chec et mat, fr.
Per. sh\'beh m\'bet ceckmate, lit., the king is dead,
fr. Ar. m\'beta he died, is dead. The king, when made prisoner,
or checkmated, is assumed to be dead, and the game is finished.
See Chess.] 1. The position in the
game of chess when a king is in check and cannot be released, --
which ends the game.
2. A complete check; utter defeat or
overthrow.
Check"mate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Checkmated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Checkmating.] 1.
(Chess) To check (an adversary's king) in such a
manner that escape in impossible; to defeat (an adversary) by
putting his king in check from which there is no escape.
2. To defeat completely; to terminate; to
thwart.
To checkmate and control my just demands.
Ford.
Check"rein` (?), n. 1.
A short rein looped over the check hook to prevent a horse
from lowering his head; -- called also a bearing
rein.
2. A branch rein connecting the driving rein of one
horse of a span or pair with the bit of the other horse.
Check"roll` (?), n. A list of
servants in a household; -- called also chequer
roll.
Check"string` (?), n. A cord by
which a person in a carriage or horse car may signal to the
driver.
Check"work (?), n. Anything
made so as to form alternate squares lke those of a
checkerboard.
Check"y (?), a. (Her.)
Divided into small alternating squares of two tinctures; --
said of the field or of an armorial bearing.
[Written also checquy,
cheguy.]
Ched"dar (?), a. Of or
pertaining to, or made at, Cheddar, in England;
as, Cheddar cheese.
Cheek (?), n. [OE.
cheke, cheoke, AS. c\'82ace,
c\'82oce; cf. Goth. kukjan to kiss, D.
kaak cheek; perh. akin to E. chew,
jaw.] 1. The side of the face
below the eye.
2. The cheek bone. [Obs.]
Caucer.
3. pl. (Mech.) Those pieces
of a machine, or of any timber, or stone work, which form
corresponding sides, or which are similar and in pair; as,
the cheeks (jaws) of a vise; the cheeks of a
gun carriage, etc.
4. pl. The branches of a bridle
bit.
Knight.
5. (Founding) A section of a flask, so
made that it can be moved laterally, to permit the removal of the
pattern from the mold; the middle part of a flask.
6. Cool confidence; assurance; impudence.
[Slang]
Cheek of beef. See Illust. of
Beef. -- Cheek bone (Anat.)
the bone of the side of the fase; esp., the malar bone.
-- Cheek by jowl, side by side; very
intimate. -- Cheek pouch (Zo\'94l.),
a sacklike dilation of the cheeks of certain monkeys and
rodents, used for holding food. -- Cheeks of a
block, the two sides of the shell of a tackle
block. -- Cheeks of a mast, the projection on
each side of a mast, upon which the trestletrees rest. --
Cheek tooth (Anat.), a hinder or molar
tooth. -- Butment cheek. See under
Butment.
Cheek (?), v. t. To be impudent
or saucy to. [Slang.]
Cheeked (?), a. Having a cheek;
-- used in composition. \'bdRose-cheeked
Adonis.\'b8
Shak.
Cheek"y, a Brazen-faced; impudent; bold.
[Slang.]
Cheep (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cheeped
(?).] [Cf. Chirp].
To chirp, as a young bird.
Cheep, v. t. To give expression to in a
chirping tone.
Cheep and twitter twenty million loves.
Tennyson.
Cheep, n. A chirp, peep, or squeak, as
of a young bird or mousse.
Cheer (?), n. [OE.
chere face, welcome, cheer, OF. chiere, F.
ch\'8are, fr. LL. cara face, Gr. , L. cerebrum brain, G.
hirn, and E. cranium.] 1.
The face; the countenance or its expression.
[Obs.] \'bdSweat of thy cheer.\'b8
Wyclif.
2. Feeling; spirit; state of mind or heart.
Be of good cheer.
Matt. ix. 2.
The parents . . . fled away with heavy cheer.
Holland.
3. Gayety; mirth; cheerfulness; animation.
I have not that alacrity of spirit,
Nor cheer of mind, that I was wont to have.
Shak.
1. That which promotes good spirits or
cheerfulness; provisions prepared for a feast; entertainment;
as, a table loaded with good cheer.
5. A shout, hurrah, or acclamation, expressing joy
enthusiasm, applause, favor, etc.
Welcome her, thundering cheer of the street.
Tennyson.
Whzt cheer? Now do you fare? What is there
that is cheering?
Cheer, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cheered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. cheering.] 1. To
cause to rejoice; to gladden; to make cheerful; -- often with
up.
Cowpe.
2. To infuse life, courage, animation, or hope,
into; to inspirit; to solace or comfort.
The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered.
Dryden.
3. To salute or applaud with cheers; to urge on by
cheers; as, to cheer hounds in a chase.
To cheer ship, to salute a passing ship by
cheers of sailors stationed in the rigging.
Syn. -- To gladden; encourage; inspirit; comfort; console;
enliven; refresh; exhilarate; animate; applaud.
Cheer, v. i. 1. To grow
cheerful; to become gladsome or joyous; -- usually with
up.
At sight of thee my gloomy soul cheers up.
A. Philips.
2. To be in any state or temper of mind.
[Obs.]
How cheer'st thou, Jessica?
Shak.
3. To utter a shout or shouts of applause, triumph,
etc.
And even the ranks of Tusculum
Could scare forbear to cheer.
Macaulay.
Cheer"er (?), n. One who
cheers; one who, or that which, gladdens. \'bdThou
cheerer of our days.\'b8 Wotton. \'bdPrime
cheerer, light.\'b8 Thomson.
Cheer"ful (?), a. Having or
showing good spirits or joy; cheering; cheery; contented; happy;
joyful; lively; animated; willing.
To entertain a cheerful disposition.
Shak.
The cheerful birds of sundry kind
Do chant sweet music.
Spenser.
A cheerful confidence in the mercy of God.
Macaulay.
This general applause and cheerful shout.
Shak.
Syn. -- Lively; animated; gay; joyful; lightsome; gleeful;
blithe; airy; sprightly; jocund; jolly; joyous; vivacious;
buoyant; sunny; happy; hopeful.
Cheer"ful*ly, adv. In a cheerful manner,
gladly.
Cheer"ful*ness, n. Good spirits; a state
of moderate joy or gayety; alacrity.
Cheer"i*ly (?), adv. In a
cheery manner.
Cheer"i*ness, n. The state of being
cheery.
Cheer"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
manner to cheer or encourage.
Cheer"is*ness, n. Cheerfulness.
[Obs.]
There is no Christian duty that is not to be seasoned and set
off with cheerishness.
Milton.
Cheer"less, a. Without joy, gladness, or
comfort.
-- Cheer"less*ly, adv. --
Cheer"less*ness, n.
My cheerful day is turned to cheerles night.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Gloomy; sad; comfortless; dispiriting;
dicsconsolate; dejected; melancholy; forlorn.
Cheer"ly (?), a. Gay;
cheerful. [Obs.]
Shak.
Cheer"ly, adv. Cheerily.
[Archaic]
Tennyson.
Cheer"ry (?), a. Cheerful;
lively; gay; bright; pleasant; as, a cheery
person.
His cheery little study, where the sunshine
glimmered so pleasantly.
Hawthorne.
<-- p. 245 -->
Cheese (?), n. [OE.
chese, AS. c\'c7se, fr. L.
caseus, LL. casius. Cf.
Casein.] 1. The curd of milk,
coagulated usually with rennet, separated from the whey, and
pressed into a solid mass in a hoop or mold.
2. A mass of pomace, or ground apples, pressed
togehter in the form of a cheese.
3. The flat, circuliar, mucilaginous fruit of the
dwarf mallow (Malva rotundifolia).
[Colloq.]
4. A low courtesy; -- so called on account of the
cheese form assumed by a woman's dress when she stoops after
extending the skirts by a rapid gyration.
De Quincey. Thackeray.
Cheese cake, a cake made of or filled with, a
composition of soft curds, sugar, and butter.
Prior. -- Cheese fly
(Zo\'94l.), a black dipterous insect
(Piophila casei) of which the larv\'91 or maggots,
called ckippers or hoppers, live in
cheese. -- Cheese mite (Zo\'94l.),
a minute mite (Tryoglyhus siro) in cheese and
other articles of food. -- Cheese press, a
press used in making cheese, to separate the whey from the curd,
and to press the curd into a mold. -- Cheese
rennet (Bot.), a plant of the Madder family
(Golium verum, or yellow bedstraw),
sometimes used to coagulate milk. The roots are used as a
substitute for madder. -- Cheese vat, a vat or tub in
which the curd is formed and cut or broken, in cheese
making.
Cheese"lep (?), n. [Cf.
Keslop.] A bag in which rennet is kept.
Cheese"mon`ger (?), n. One who
deals incheese.
B. Jonson.
Cheese"par`ing (?), n. A thin
portion of the rind of a cheese. -- a.
Scrimping; mean; as, cheeseparing
economy.
Chees"i*ness (?), n. The
quality of being cheesy.
Chees"y (?), a. Having the
nature, qualities, taste, form, consistency, or appearance of
cheese.
Chee"tah (?), n. [Hind.
ch\'c6t\'be.] (Zo\'94l.) A
species of leopard (Cyn\'91lurus jubatus) tamed and
used for hunting in India. The woolly cheetah of South Africa is
C. laneus. [Written also
chetah.]
\'d8Chef (?), n. [F.]
1. A chief of head person.
2. The head cook of large establishment, as a club,
a family, etc.
3. (Her.) Same as Chief.
\'d8Chef`-d'\'d2uvre" (?), n.;
pl. Chefs-d'\'d2uvre (#).
[F.] A masterpiece; a capital work in art,
literature, etc.
{ Cheg"oe (?), Cheg"re
(?) }, n. See
Chigoe.
Chei"lo*plas`ty (?), n. [Gr.
-plasty.] (Surg.)
The process of forming an artificial tip or part of a lip,
by using for the purpose a piece of healthy tissue taken from
some neighboring part.
\'d8Chei*lop"o*da (?), n.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Ch.
Chei*rep"ter (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Cheiroptera.
\'d8Chei*rop"te*ra (?), n.;
pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of mammalia, including the
bats, having four toes of each of the anterior limbs elongated
and connected by a web, so that they can be used like wings in
flying. See Bat.
Chei*rop"ter*ous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Cheiroptera, or Bat
family.
\'d8Chei*rop`te*ryg"i*um (?), n.;
pl. Cheiropterygia (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Anat.)
The typical pentadactyloid limb of the higher
vertebrates.
Chei*ros"o*phy (?), n. [Gr. The art of reading character as
it is delineated in the hand.
-- Chei*ros"o*phist (,
n.
\'d8Chei`ro*the"ri*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Poleon.) A genus of extinct animals, so named
from fossil footprints rudely resembling impressions of the human
hand, and believed to have been made by labyrinthodont reptiles.
See Illustration in Appendix.
Chek`e*la*toun" (?), n. See
Ciclatoun. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Chek"mak (?), n. A turkish
fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread interwoven.
\'d8Che"la (?), n.; pl.
Chel\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The pincherlike claw of
Crustacea and Arachnida.
Che"late (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Cheliferous.
Chel`e*ryth"rine (?), n. [Gr.
(Chem.) Am
alkaloidal principle obtained from the celandine, and named from
the red color of its salts, It is a coloriess crystalline
substance, and acts as an acrid narcotic poison. It is identical
with sanguinarine.
\'d8Che*lic"e*ra (?), n.;
pl. Chelicer\'91 (#) [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the anterior pair of mouth organs, terminated by a
pincherlike claw, in scorpions and allied Arachnida. They are
homologous with the falcers of spiders, and probably with the
mandibles of insects.
Chel"i*don (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Anat.) The hollow at the flexure
of the arm.
Chel`i*don"ic (?), a. [See
Celandine.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining
to, or derived from, the celandine.
Cheidonic acid, a weak acid extracted fron the
celandine (Chelidonium majus), as a white crystalline
substance.
\'d8Chel`i*do"ni*us (?), n. [L.
(sc. lapillus.)] A small stone taken from
the gizzard of a young swallow. -- anciently worn as a medicinal
charm.
Chel"i*fer (?), n. [Gr. -fer.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Book scorpion, under Book.
Che*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Gr. -ferous.] (Zo\'94l.)
Having cheliform claws, like a crab.
Chel"i*form (?), a. [Gr. -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
a movable joint or finger closing againts a preceding joint or a
projecting part of it, so that the whole may be ised for
grasping, as the claw of a crab; pincherlike.
\'d8Che*lo"ne (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A genus of hardy perennial
flowering plants, of the order Scrophulariacea\'91.,
natives of North America; -- called also
snakehead, turtlehead,
shellflower, etc.
\'d8Che*lo"ni*a (?), n.;
pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of reptiles, including the
tortoises and turtles, perculiar in having a part of the
vertebr\'91, ribs, and sternum united with the dermal plates so
as to form a firm shell. The jaws are covered by a horny beak.
See Reptilia; also, Illust. in
Appendix.
Che*lo"ni*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to animals of the
tortoise kind. -- n. One of the
Chelonia.
\'d8Che*lu"ra (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of marine amphipod crustacea, which bore into and sometimes
destroy timber.
Che"ly (?), n. A claw. See
Chela. [Obs.]
Chem"ic (?), n. [See
Chenistry.] 1. A chemist; an
alchemist. [Obs.]
2. (Bleaching) A solution of chloride of
line.
Chem"ic, a. Chemical.
Blackw. Mag.
Chem"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining
to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and
operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry;
as, chemical changes; chemical
comnbinations.
Chemical attraction affinity. See under
Attraction.
Chem"ic*al, n. A substance used for
producing a chemical effect; a reagent.
Chem"ic*al*ly, adv. According to
chemical principles; by chemical process or operation.
Chem`i*glyph"ic (?), a.
[Chemical + Engraved
by a voltaic battary.
Chem`i*loon" (?), n. A garment
for women, consisting of chemise and drawers united in one.
[U. S.]
Che*mise" (?), n. [F., shirt,
fr. LL. camisa, camisia, shirt, thin dress;
cf. G. hemd, or Olr. coimumse sort of
garment. Cf. Camis.] 1. A shift, or
undergarment, worn by women.
2. A wall that lines the face of a bank or
earthwork.
Chem`i*sette" (?), n.[F., dim.
of chemise.] An under-garment, worn by
women, usually covering the neck, shoulders, and breast.
Chem"ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
chimisme. See Chemistry.] The
force exerted between the atoms of elementary substance whereby
they unite to form chemical compounds; chemical attaction;
affinity; -- sometimes used as a general expression for chemical
activity or relationship.
Chem"ist, n. [Shortened from
alchemist; cf. F. chimiste.] A
person versed in chemistry or given to chemical investigation; an
analyst; a maker or seller of chemicals or drugs.
Chem"is*try (?), n. [From
Chemist. See Alchemy.] 1.
That branch of science which treats of the composition of
substances, and of the changes which they undergo in consequence
of alterations in the constitution of the molecules, which depend
upon variations of the number, kind, or mode of arrangement, of
the constituent atoms. These atoms are not assumed to be
indivisible, but merely the finest grade of subdivision hitherto
attained. Chemistry deals with the changes in the composition and
constitution of molecules. See Atom,
Molecule.
2. An application of chemical theory and method to
the consideration of some particular subject; as, the
chemistry of iron; the chemistry of
indigo.
3. A treatise on chemistry.
y, and sometimes with i, instead of e,
in the first syllable, chymistry, chymist,
chymical, etc., or chimistry,
chimist, chimical, etc.; and the
pronunciation was conformed to the orthography.
Inorganic chemistry, that which treats of
inorganic or mineral substances. -- Organic
chemistry, that which treats of the substances which
from the structure of organized beings and their products,
whether animal or vegetable; -- called also chemistry of
the carbon compounds. There is no fundamental
difference between organic and inorganic chemistry. --
Physiological chemistry, the chemistry of the
organs and tissues of the body, and of the various physiological
processes incident to life. -- Practical
chemistry, or Applied chemistry, that
which treats of the modes of manufacturing the products of
chemistry that are useful in the arts, of their applications to
economical purposes, and of the conditions essential to their
best use. -- Pure chemistry, the
consideration of the facts and theories of chemistry in their
purely scientific relations, without necessary reference to their
practical applications or mere utility.
Chem"i*type (?), n.
[Chemical + -type.]
(Engraving) One of a number of processes by which
an impression from an engraved plate is obtained in relief, to be
used for printing on an ordinary printing press.
Che*mol"y*sis (?), n.
[Chemical + Gr. A term
sometimes applied to the decomposition of organic substance into
more simple bodies, by the use of chemical agents alone.
Thudichum.
Chem`os*mo"sis (?), n.
[Chemical + osmosis.]
Chemical action taking place through an intervening
membrane.
Chem`os*mot"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or produced by, chemosmosis.
[R.]
Che*mung" pe"ri*od (?), (Geol.)
A subdivision in the upper part of the Devonian system in
America, so named from the Chemung River, along which the rocks
are well developed. It includes the Portage and Chemung groups or
epochs. See the Diagram under Geology.
\'d8Cheng (?), n.
[Chinese.] A chinese reed instrument, with tubes,
blown by the mouth.
Che*nille" (?), n. [F., prop.,
a caterpillar.] Tufted cord, of silk or worsted, for
the trimimg of ladies' dresses, for embroidery and fringes, and
for the weft of chenille rugs.
\'d8Che`no*mor"ph\'91 (?), n.;
pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds,
including the swans, ducks, geese, flamingoes and
screamers.
Chep"ster (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European starling.
[Local, Eng.]
Cheque (?), n. See
Check.
Cheq"uer (?), n. & v. Same as
Checker.
Che*quing" (?), n. A coin. See
Sequin.
Shak.
Cheq"uy (?), n. (Her.)
Same as Checky.
Cher"if (?), n. See
Cherif.
Cher`i*moy"er (?), n. [F.
ch\'82rimolier.] (Bot.) 1.
A small downy-leaved tree (Anona Cherimolia),
with fragrant flowers. It is a native of Peru.
2. Its delicious fruit, which is succulent, dark
purple, and similar to the custard apple of the West
Indies.
Cher"ish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cherished
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cherising.] [F. ch\'82rir,
fr. cher dear, fr. L. carus. See
Caress, Finish.] 1. To
treat with tenderness and affection; to nurture with care; to
protect and aid.
We were gentle among you, even as a nurse
cherisheth her children.
1 Thess. ii. 7.
2. To hold dear; to embrace with interest; to
indulge; to encourage; to foster; to promote; as, to
cherish religious principle.
To cherish virtue and humanity.
Burke.
Syn. -- To nourish; foster; nurse; nurture; entertain;
encourage; comfort; protect; support; See Nurture.
Cher"ish*er (?), n. One who
cherishes.
The cherisher of my flesh and blood.
Shak.
Cher"ish*ment (?), n.
Encouragement; comfort. [Obs.]
Rich bounty and dear cherishment.
Spenser.
Cher"mes (?), n. See
Kermes.
Cher"o*gril (?), n. [L.
choerogryllus, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Cony.
Cher`o*kees" (?), n. pl.;
sing. Cherokee. (Ethnol.)
An Appalachian tribe of Indians, formerly inhabiting the
region about the head waters of the Tennessee River. They are now
mostly settled in the Indian Territory, and have become one of
the most civilized of the Indian Tribes.
Che*root" (?), n. [Tamil
shuruttu, prop., a roll.] A kind of cigar,
originally brought from Mania, in the Philippine Islands; now
often made of inferior or adulterated tabacco.
Cher"ry (?), n. [OE.
chery, for cherys, fr. F. cerise
(cf. AS. cyrs cherry), fr. LL. ceresia, fr.
L. cerasus Cherry tree, Gr. 1.
(Bot.) A tree or shrub of the genus
Prunus (Which also includes the plum)
bearing a fleshy drupe with a bony stone; (a)
The common garden cherry (Prunus Cerasus), of which
several hundred varieties are cultivated for the fruit, some of
which are, the begarreau, blackheart, black Tartarian, oxheart,
morelle or morello, May-duke (corrupted from M\'82doc in France).
(b) The wild cherry; as, prunus serotina
(wild black cherry), valued for its timber; P.
Virginiana (choke cherry), an American shrub which bears
astringent fruit; P. avium and P. Padus,
European trees (bird cherry).
2. The fruit of the cherry tree, a drupe of various
colors and flavors.
3. The timber of the cherry tree, esp. of the black
cherry, used in cabinetmaking, etc.
4. A peculiar shade of red, like that of a
cherry.
Barbadoes cherry. See under
Barbadoes. -- Cherry bird
(Zo\'94l.), an American bird; the cedar bird; --
so called from its fondness for cherries. -- Cherry
bounce, cherry brandy and sugar. -- Cherry
brandy, brandy in which cherries have been
steeped. -- Cherry laurel (Bot.),
an evergren shrub (Prunus Lauro-cerasus) common in
shrubberies, the poisonous leaves of which have a flavor like
that of bitter almonds. -- Cherry pepper
(Bot.), a species of Capsicum (C.
cerasiforme), with small, scarlet, intensely piquant
cherry-shaped fruit. -- Cherry pit. (a)
A child's play, in which cherries are thrown into a
hole. Shak. (b) A cherry stone.
-- Cherry rum, rum in which cherries have been
steeped. -- Cherry sucker (Zo\'94l.),
the European spotted flycatcher (Musicapa
grisola); -- called also cherry chopper
cherry snipe. Cherry tree,
a tree that bears cherries. -- Ground
cherry, Winter cherry, See
Alkekengi.
<-- p. 246 -->
Cher"ry (?), a. Like a red
cherry in color; ruddy; blooming; as, a cherry lip;
cherry cheeks.
Cher"so*nese (?), n. [Gr. A peninsula; a tract of land
nearly surrounded by water, but united to a larger tract by a
neck of land or isthmus; as, the Cimbric Chersonese,
or Jutland; the Tauric Chersonese, or Crimea.
Chert (?), n. [Ir.
ceart stone, perh. akin to E. crag.]
(Min.) An impure, massive, flintlike quartz or
hornstone, of a dull color.
Chert"y (?), a. Like chert;
containing chert; flinty.
Cher"ub (?), n.; pl.
Cherubs (#); but the Hebrew plural
Cherubim (#) is also used. [Heb.
ker\'d4b.] 1. A mysterious
composite being, the winged footstool and chariot of the
Almighty, described in Ezekiel i. and x.
I knew that they were the cherubim.
Ezek. x. 20.
He rode upon a cherub and did fly.
Ps. xviii. 10.
2. A symbolical winged figure of unknown form used
in connection with the mercy seat of the Jewish Ark and
Temple.
Ez. xxv. 18.
3. One of a order of angels, variously represented
in art. In European painting the cherubim have been shown as
blue, to denote knowledge, as distinguished from the seraphim
(see Seraph), and in later art the children's heads with
wings are generally called cherubs.
4. A beautiful child; -- so called because artists
have represented cherubs as beautiful children.
{ Che*ru"bic (?), Che*ru"bic*al
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to
cherubs; angelic. \'bdThe cherubic host.\'b8
Milton.
Cher"u*bim (?), n. The Hebrew
plural of Cherub.. Cf. Seraphim.
Cherubims, in the King James version of
the bible, is an incorrect form, made by adding the English
plural termination to the Hebrew plural cherubim
instead of to the singular cherub.
Cher"u*bin (?), a. Cherubic;
angelic. [Obs.]
Shak.
Cher"u*bin, n. A cherub.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
Cher"up (?), v. i. [Prob. fr.
chirp.] To make a short, shrill, cheerful
sound; to chirp. See Chirrup. \'bdCheruping
birds.\'b8
Drayton.
Cher"up, v. t. To excite or urge on by
making a short, shrill, cheerful sound; to cherup to. See
Chirrup.
He cherups brisk ear-erecting steed.
Cowper.
Cher"up, n. A short, sharp, cheerful
noise; a chirp; a chirrup; as, the cherup of a
cricket.
Cher"vil (?), n. [AS.
cerfille, fr. L. caerefolium,
chaerephyllum, Gr. (Bot.) A plant (Anthriscus
cerefolium) with pinnately divided aromatic leaves, of
which several curled varieties are used in soups and
salads.
Ches (?), pret. of Chese.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Chese (?), v. t. To
choose [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ches"i*ble (?), n. See
Chasuble.
Ches"lip (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The wood louse. [Prov.
Eng.]
Chess (?), n. [OE.
ches, F. \'82checs, prop. pl. of
\'82chec check. See 1st Check.] A
game played on a chessboard, by two persons, with two differently
colored sets of men, sixteen in each set. Each player has a king,
a queen, two bishops, two knights, two castles or rooks, and
eight pawns.
Chess, n. (Bot.) A species of
brome grass (Bromus secalinus) which is a troublesome
weed in wheat flelds, and is often erroneously regarded as
degenerate or changed wheat; it bears a very slight resemblance
to oats, and if reaped and ground up with wheat, so as to be used
for food, is said to produce narcotic effects; -- called also
cheat and Willard's
bromus. [U. S.]
upright
chess, soft chess, etc.
Chess"-ap`ple (?), n. The wild
service of Europe (Purus torminalis).
Chess"board` (?), n. The board
used in the game of chess, having eight rows of alternate light
and dark squares, eight in each row. See
Checkerboard.
Ches"sel (?), n. The wooden
mold in which cheese is pressed.
Simmonds.
Chess"es (?), n. pl. [Cf. F.
chassis a framework of carpenty.]
(Mil.) The platforms, consisting of two or more
planks doweled together, for the flooring of a temporary military
bridge.
Wilhelm.
A singular, chess, is sometimes used. \'bdEach
chess consists of three planks.\'b8
Farrow.
Ches"sil (?), n. [OE.
chesil, AS. ceosel gravel, sand.]
Gravel or pebbles.
Halliwell.
Chess"man (?), n.; pl.
Chessmen (#). A piece used in the
game of chess.
Ches"some (#), n. [Cf.
Chisley.] Mwllow earth; mold.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Chess"tree` (?), n. [Cf. F
chassis a framework of carpentry.]
(Naut.) A piece of oak bolted perpendicularly on
the side of a vessel, to aid in drawing down and securing the
clew of the mainsail.
Ches`sy" cop"per (?). (Min.)
The mineral azurite, found in fine crystallization at
Chessy, near Lyons; called also
chessylite.
Chest (?), n. [OE.
chest, chist, AS. cest,
cist, cyst, L. cista, fr. Gr.
Cist, Cistern.] 1.
A large box of wood, or other material, having, like a
trunk, a lid, but no covering of skin, leather, or cloth.
Heaps of money crowded in the chest.
Dryden.
2. A coffin. [Obs.]
He is now dead and mailed in his cheste.
Chaucer.
3. The part of the body inclosed by the ribs and
breastbone; the thorax.
4. (Com.) A case in which certain goods,
as tea, opium, etc., are transported; hence, the quantity which
such a case contains.
5. (Mech.) A tight receptacle or box,
usually for holding gas, steam, liguids, etc.; as, the steam
chest of an engine; the wind chest of an
organ.
Bomb chest, See under Bomb. --
Chest of drawers, a case or movable frame
containing drawers.
Chest (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p.
Chested.] 1. To deposit in a
chest; to hoard.
2. To place in a coffin. [Obs.]
He dieth and is chested.
Gen. 1. 26 (heading).
Chest (?), n. [AS.
ce\'a0st.] Strife; contention;
controversy. [Obs.]
P. Plowman.
Chest"ed, a. Having (such) a chest; --
in composition; as, broad-chested;
narrow-chested.
Ches"ter*lite (?), n. [See
-lite.] A variety of feldspar found in
crystals in the county of Chester, Pennsylvania.
Ches"teyn (?), n. The chestnut
tree. [Obs.]
Wilwe, elm, plane, assch, box, chesteyn.
Chaucer.
Chest" foun`der (?). (Far.) A
rheumatic affection of the muscles of the breast and fore legs of
a horse, affecting motion and respiration.
Chest"nut (?), n. [For
chesten-nut; OE. chestein,
chesten, chastein, chestnut, fr. AS.
cisten in cistenbe\'a0m chestnut tree,
influenced by OF. chastaigne, F.
ch\'83taigne, both the AS. and the F. words coming
from L. castanea a chestnut, Gr. Castanets.]
1. (Bot.) The edible nut of a forest
tree (Castanea vesce) of Europe and America. Commonly
two or more of the nuts grow in a prickly bur.
2. The tree itself, or its light, coarse-grained
timber, used for ornamental work, furniture, etc.
3. A bright brown color, like that of the
nut.
4. The horse chestnut (often so used in
England).
5. One of the round, or oval, horny plates on the
inner sides of the legs of the horse, and allied animals.
6. An old joke or story. [Slang]
Chestnut tree, a tree that bears
chestnuts.
Chest"nut, a. Of or pertaining of a
chestnut; of a reddish brown color; as, chestnut
curls.
Che"tah (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Cheetah.
Chet"vert (?), n. [Russ.
chetverte.] A measure of grain equal to
0.7218 of an imperial quarter, or 5.95 Winchester bushels.
[Russia]
Chev"a*chie` (?), n. See
Chivachie. [Obs.]
Che"vage (?), n. See
Chiefage. [Obs.]
\'d8Che*val" (?), n.; pl.
Chevaux (#). [F. See
Cavalcade.] A horse; hence, a support or
frame.
Cheval glass, a mirror swinging in a frame,
and large enough to reflect the full leght figure.
\'d8Che*val"-de-frise" (?), n.;
commonly used in the pl. Chevaux-de-frise.
[F.; cheval horse + Frise Friesland,
where it was first used.] (Mil.) A piece of
timber or an iron barrel traversed with iron-pointed spikes or
spears, five or six feet long, used to defend a passage, stop a
breach, or impede the advance of cavalry, etc.
Obstructions of chain, boom, and
cheval-de-frise.
W. Irving.
Che`va*lier" (?), n. [F., fr.
LL. caballarius. See Cavaller.]
1. A horseman; a knight; a gallant young man.
\'bdMount, chevaliers; to arms.\'b8
Shak.
2. A member of certain orders of knighthood.
\'d8Chevalier d'industrie (
[F.], one who lives by persevering fraud; a
pickpocket; a sharper. -- The Chevalier St.
George (Eng. Hist.), James Francis Edward
Stuart (son of James II.), called \'bdThe Pretender.\'b8 --
The Young Chevalier, Charles Edward Stuart, son of
the Chevalier St. George.
\'d8Che*vaux" (?), n. pl. See
Cheval.
Cheve (?), v. i. [OF.
chevir. See Chievance.] To come to
an issue; to turn out; to succed; as, to cheve well
in a enterprise. [Prov. or Obs.]
Holland.
\'d8Cheve*lure" (?), n. [F.,
head of hair.] A hairlike envelope.
The nucleus and chevelure of nebulous star.
Sir. W. Hershel.
Chev"en (?), n. [Cf. F.
chevanne. Cf. Chavender.]
(Zo\'94l.) A river fish; the chub.
Sir T. Browne.
Chev"en*tein (?), n. A variant
of Chieftain. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chev"er*il (?), n. [OF.
chevrel, F. chevreau, kid, dim. of
chevre goat, fr. L. capra. See
Caper, v. i.] Soft leather made of
kid skin. Fig.: Used as a symbol of flexibility.
[Obs.]
Here's wit of cheveril, that stretches from an inch
narrow to an ell broad.
Shak.
Chev"er*il, a. Made of cheveril;
pliant. [Obs.]
A cheveril conscience and a searching wit.
Drayton.
Chev"er*li*ize (?), v. i. To
make as pliable as kid leather. [Obs.]
Br. Montagu.
\'d8Che*vet" (?), n. [F., head
of the bed, dim. fr. chef head. See
Chief.] (Arch.) The extreme end of
the chancel or choir; properly the round or polygonal part.
Chev"i*ot (?), n. 1. A
valuable breed of mountain sheep in Scotland, which takes its
name from the Cheviot hills.
2. A woolen fabric, for men's clothing.
Chev"i*sance (?), n. [Of.
chevisance, chevissance, fr.
chevircome to an end, perform, fr. chef
head, end, from L. caput head. See Chieve,
Chief.]
1. Achievement; deed; performance.
[Obs.]
Fortune, the foe of famous chevisance.
Spenser.
2. A bargain; profit; gain.
[Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
3. (O. Eng. Law) (a) A making
of contracts. (b) A bargain or contract; an
agreement about a matter in dispute, such as a debt; a business
compact. (c) An unlawful agreement or
contract.
Chev*rette" (?), n. [F., fr.
ch\'82vre goat, fr. L. capra. Cf.
Chevron.] (Mil.) A machine for
raising guns or mortar into their carriages.
Chev"ron (?), n. [F., rafter,
chevron, from ch\'82vre goat, OF. chevre,
fr. L. capra she-goat. See Cheveril.]
1. (Her.) One of the nine honorable
ordinaries, consisting of two broad bands of the width of the
bar, issuing, respectively from the dexter and sinister bases of
the field and conjoined at its center.
2. (Mil.) A distinguishing mark, above
the elow, on the sleeve of a noncommisioned officer's coat.
3. (Arch.) A zigzag molding, or group of
moldings, common in Norman architecture.
Chevron bones (Anat.), The V-shaped
subvertebral arches which inclose the caudal blood vessels in
some animals.
Chev"roned (?), p. a. Having a
chevron; decorated with an ornamental figure of a zigzag
from.
[A garment] whose nether parts, with their bases, were of
watchet cloth of silver, chevroned all over with
lace.
B. Jonson.
Chev"ron*el (?), n.
(Her.) A bearing like a chevron, but of only half
its width.
Chev"ron*wise` (?), adv.
(Her.) In the manner of a chevron; as, the
field may be divided chevronwise.
Chev`ro*tain" (?), n. [F.
chevrotin, OF. chevrot little goat, roe,
dim. of chevre goat. See Chevron.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small ruminant of the family
Tragulid\'91 a allied to the musk deer. It inhabits
Africa and the East Indies. See Kanchil.
Chev"y (?), v. t. See
Chivy, v. t. [Slang, Eng.]
One poor fellow was chevied about among the casks
in the storm for ten minutes.
London Times.
Chew (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chewed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Chewing.]
[As ce\'a2wan, akin to D. kauwen, G.
kauen. Cf. Chaw, Jaw.]
1. To bite and grind with the teeth; to
masticate.
2. To ruminate mentally; to meditate on.
He chews revenge, abjuring his offense.
Prior.
To chew the cud, to chew the food ocer again,
as a cow; to ruminate; hence, to meditate.
Every beast the parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into
two claws, and cheweth the cud among the beasts, that
ye shall eat.
Deut. xxiv. 6.
Chew, v. i. To perform the action of
biting and grinding with the teeth; to ruminate; to
meditate.
old politicians chew wisdom past.
Pope.
Chew, n. That which is chewed; that
which is held in the mouth at once; a cud.
[Law]
Chew"er (?), n. One who
chews.
Chew"et, n. A kind of meat pie.
[Obs.]
Che"wink (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An american bird (Pipilo
erythrophthalmus) of the Finch family, so called from its
note; -- called also towhee bunting and
ground robin.
Chey*ennes" (?), n. pl.; sing.
cheyenne. (Ethnol.) A
warlike tribe of indians, related to the blackfeet, formerly
inhabiting the region of Wyoming, but now mostly on reservations
in the Indian Territory. They are noted for their
horsemanship.
Chi"an (?) a. [L.
chius, fr. Chios the island Chios, Gr.
Of or pertaining to Chios, an island in the
\'92gean Sea.
Chian earth, a dense, compact kind of earth,
from Chios, used anciently as an astringent and a cosmetic.
-- Chian turpentine, a fragrant, almost
transparent turpentine, obtained from the Pistacia
Terebinthus.
Chi*a`ros*cu"rist (?), n. A
painter who cares for and studies light and shade rather than
color.
{ \'d8Chia`ro*scu"ro (?),
\'d8Chi*a"ro-os*cu"ro (?), }
n. [It., clear dark.] (a) The
arrangement of light and dark parts in a work of art, such as a
drawing or painting, whether in monochrome or in color.
(b) The art or practice of so arranging the light
and dark parts as to produce a harmonious effect. Cf.
Clair-obscur.
{ Chi"asm (?), \'d8Chi*as"ma
(?), } n. [NL. chiasma,
fr. Gr. (Anat.) A commissure; especially,
the optic commissure, or crucial union of the optic nerves.
-- Chi*as"mal (,
a..
\'d8Chi*as"mus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. Chiasm.] (Rhet.) An inversion of
the order of words or phrases, when repeated or subsequently
referred to in a sentence; thus,
If e'er to bless thy sons
My voice or hands deny,
These hands let useful skill forsake,
This voice in silence die.
Dwight.
<-- p. 247 -->
Chi*as"to*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite. See Chiasm. So
called from the resemblance of the cross cuts of is crystals to
the Greek letter (Min.) A variety
of andalusite; -- called also macle. The
tesselated apperance of a cross section is due to the symmetrical
arrangement of impurities in the crystal.
Chib"bal (?), n. (Bot.)
See Cibol.
{ \'d8Chi*bouque", Chi*bouk" }
(?), n. [F. chibouque, fr.
Turk.] A Turkish pipe, usually with a mouthpiece of
amber, a stem, four or five feet long and not pliant, of some
valuable wood, and a bowl of baked clay.
\'d8Chic (?), n. [F.]
Good form; style. [Slang]
<-- adj. in good form, stylish; in current fashion, fashionable.
-->
\'d8Chi"ca (?), n. [Sp.]
A red coloring matter. extracted from the Bignonia
Chica, used by some tribes of South American Indians to
stain the skin.
2. A fermented liquor or beer made in South
American from a decoction of maize.
3. A popular Moorish, Spanish, and South American
dance, said to be the original of the fandango, etc.
Chi*cane" (?), n. [F., prob.
earlier meaning a dispute, orig. in the game of mall
(F. mail), fr. LGr. chaug\'ben club or bat; or possibly ultimated fr. L.
ciccus a trible.] The use of artful
subterfuge, designed to draw away attention from the merits of a
case or question; -- specifically applied to legal proceedings;
trickery; chicanery; caviling; sophistry.
Prior.
To shuffle from them by chicane.
Burke.
To cut short this, I propound it fairly to your own
canscience.
Berkeley.
Chi*cane", v. i. [Cf. F.
chicaner. See Chicane, n.]
To use shifts, cavils, or artifices.
Burke.
Chi*can"er (?), n. [Cf. F.
chicaneur.] One who uses chicanery.
Locke.
Chi*can"er*y (?), n. [F.
chicanerie.] Mean or unfair artifice to
perplex a cause and obscure the truth; stratagem; sharp practice;
sophistry.
Irritated by perpetual chicanery.
Hallam.
Syn. -- Trickery; sophistry; stratagem.
Chi"co*ry (?), n. See
Chicory.
Chich (?), n.; pl.
Chiches (. [F. chiche,
pois chiche, a dwarf pea, from L. cicer the
chick-pea.] (Bot.) The chick-pea.
\'d8Chi"cha (?), n. [Sp.]
See Chica.
\'d8Chiche"vache` (?), n. [F.
chiche lean + vache cow.] A
fabulous cow of enormous size, whose food was patient wives, and
which was therefore in very lean condition.
{ Chich"ling (?), Chich"ling
vetch` (?), } n.
[Chich + -ling.]
(Bot.) A leguminous plant (Lathyrus
sativus), with broad flattened seeds which are sometimes
used for food.
Chick (?), v. i. [OE.
chykkyn, chyke, chicken.]
To sprout, as seed in the ground; to vegetate.
Chalmers.
Chick, n. 1. A chicken.
2. A child or young person; -- a term of
endearment.
Shak.
Chick"a*bid`dy (?), n. A
chicken; a fowl; also, a trivial term of endearment for a
child.
Chick"a*dee` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small bird, the blackcap titmouse
(Parus atricapillus), of North America; -- named from
its note.
Chick"a*ree` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The American red squirrel
(Sciurus Hudsonius); -- so called from its cry.
Chick"a*saws (?), n. pl.;
sing. Chickasaw. (Ethnol.)
A trible of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian)
allied to the Choctaws. They formerly occupied the northern part
of Alabama and Mississippi, but now live in the Indian
Territory.
Chick"en (?), n. [AS.
cicen, cyceun, dim. of coc cock;
akin to LG. kiken, k\'81ken, D.
Kieken, kuiken, G. k\'81chkein.
See Cock the animal.] 1. A young
bird or fowl, esp. a young barnyard fowl.
2. A young person; a child; esp. a young woman; a
maiden. \'bdStella is no chicken.\'b8
Swift.
Chicken cholera, a contagious disease of
fowls; -- so called because first studied during the prevalence
of a cholera epidemic in France. It has no resemblance to true
cholera.
Chick"en-breast`ed (?), a.
Having a narrow, projecting chest, caused by forward
curvature of the vertebral column.
Chick"en-heart`ed (?), a.
Timid; fearful; cowardly.
Bunyan.
Chick"en pox" (?). (Med.) A
mild, eruptive disease, generally attacking children only;
varicella.
Chick"ling (?), n.
[Chick+-ling.] A small
chick or chicken.
Chick"-pea` (?), n. [See
Chich.] 1. (Bot.) A Small
leguminous plant (Cicer arietinum) of Asia, Africa,
and the sounth of Europe; the chick; the dwarf pea; the
gram.
2. Its nutritious seed, used in cookery, and
especially, when roasted (parched pulse), as food for travelers
in the Eastern deserts.
Chick"weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) The name of several caryophyllaseous
weeds, especially Stellaria media, the seeds and
flower buds of which are a favorite food of small birds.
Chick"y (?), n. A chicken; --
used as a diminutive or pet name, especially in calling
fowls.
Chic"o*ry (?), n. [F.
chicor\'82e, earlier also cichor\'82e, L.
cichorium, fr. Gr. , ,
Cf. Succory.] 1.
(Bot.) A branching perennial plant
(Cichorium Intybus) with bright blue flowers, growing
wild in Europe, Asia, and America; also cultivated for its roots
and as a salad plant; succory; wild endive. See
Endive.
2. The root, which is roasted for mixing with
coffe.
Chide (?), v. t.
[imp. Chid (?), or
Chode (Obs.); p. p.
Chidden (?), Chid; p. pr. & vb.
n. Chiding.] [AS. c\'c6dan;
of unknown origin.] 1. To rebuke; to reprove;
to scold; to find fault with.
Upbraided, chid, and rated at.
Shak.
2. Fig.: To be noise about; to chafe against.
The sea that chides the banks of England.
Shak.
To chide hither, chide from, chide away, to cause to come, or to drive
away, by scolding or reproof.
Syn. -- To blame; rebuke; reprove; scold; censure; reproach;
reprehend; reprimand.
Chide, v. i. 1. To utter words
of disapprobation and displeasure; to find fault; to contend
angrily.
Wherefore the people did chide with Moses.
Ex. xvii. 2.
2. To make a clamorous noise; to chafe.
As doth a rock againts the chiding flood.
Shak.
Chide, n. [AS. c\'c6d]
A continuous noise or murmur.
The chide of streams.
Thomson.
Chid"er (?), n. One who chides
or quarrels.
Shak.
Chid"er*ess, n. She who chides.
[Obs.]
Chide"ster (?), n.
[Chide + -ster.] A female
scold. [Obs.]
Chid"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
chiding or reproving manner.
Chief (?), n. [OE.
chief, chef, OF. chief, F. chef,
fr. L. caput head, possibly akin to E.
head. Cf. Captain, Chapter]
1. The head or leader of any body of men; a
commander, as of an army; a head man, as of a tribe, clan, or
family; a person in authority who directs the work of others; the
pricipal actio or agent.
2. The principal part; the most valuable
portion.
The chief of the things which should be utterly
destroyed.1.
Sam. xv. 21
3. (Her.) The upper third part of the
field. It is supposed to be composed of the dexter, sinister, and
middle chiefs.
In chief. (a) At the head; as, a
commander in chief. (b) (Eng. Law)
From the king, or sovereign; as, tenure in chief,
tenure directly from the king.
Syn. -- Chieftain; captain; general; commander; leader;
head; principal; sachem; sagamore; sheik. --
Chief, chieftain, Commander,
Leader. These words fluctuate somewhat in their meaning
according to circumstances, but agree in the general idea of rule
and authority. The term chief is now more usually
applied to one who is a head man, leader, or commander in civil
or military affairs, or holds a hereditary or acquired rank in a
tribe or clan; as, the chief of police; the
chief of an Indian tribe. A chieftain is
the chief of a clan or tribe , or a military leader. A
commander directs the movements of or has control over
a body of men, as a military or naval force. A leader
is one whom men follow, as in a political party, a legislative
body, a military or scientific expedition, etc., one who takes
the command and gives direction in particular
enterprises.
Chief, a. 1. Highest in office
or rank; principal; head. \'bdChief rulers.\'b8
John. xii. 42.
2. Principal or most eminent in any quality or
action; most distinguished; having most influence; taking the
lead; most important; as, the chief topic of
conversation; the chief interest of man.
3. Very intimate, near, or close.
[Obs.]
A whisperer separateth chief friends.
Prov. xvi. 28.
Syn. -- Principal; head; leading; main; paramount; supreme;
prime; vital; especial; great; grand; eminent; master.
Chief"age (?), n. [OF.
chevage, fr. chief head. See
Chief.] A tribute by the head; a capitation
tax. [Written also chevage and
chivage.] [Obs.]
Chief" bar"on (?). (Eng. Law)
The presiding judge of the court of exchequer.
Chief"est, a. [Superl. of
Chief.] First or foremost; chief;
principal. [Archaic] \'bdOur
chiefest courtier.\'b8
Shak.
The chiefest among ten thousand.
Canticles v. 10.
Chief" hare` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
small rodent (Lagamys princeps) inhabiting the summits
of the Rocky Mountains; -- also called crying
hare, calling hare,
cony, American pika, and
little chief hare.
Lagomyid\'91.
Chief" jus"tice (?). The presiding
justice, or principal judge, of a court.
Lord Chief Justice of England, The presiding
judge of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice.
The highest judicial officer of the realm is the Lord High
Chancellor. -- Chief Justice of the United
States, the presiding judge of the Supreme Court, and
Highest judicial officer of the republic.
Chief"-jus"tice*ship, n. The office of
chief justice.
Jay selected the chief-justiceship as most in
accordance with his tastes.
The Century.
Chief"less (?), a. Without a
chief or leader.
Chief"ly (?), adv. 1.
In the first place; principally; pre\'89minently; above;
especially.
Search through this garden; leave unsearched no nook;
But chiefly where those two fair creatures lodge.
Milton.
2. For the most part; mostly.
Those parts of the kingdom where the . . . estates of the
dissenters chiefly lay.
Swift.
Chief"rie (?), n. A small rent
paid to the lord paramount. [Obs.]
Swift.
Chief"tain (?), n. [OE.
cheftayn, chevetayn, OF.
chevetain, F. capitaine, LL.
capitanus, fr. L. caput head. Cf.
Captain, and see chief.] A captain,
leader, or commander; a chief; the head of a troop, army, or
clan.
Syn. -- Chief; commander; leader; head. See
Chief.
{ Chief"tain*cy (?),
Chief"tain*ship, } n. The rank,
dignity, or office of a chieftain.
Chier"te (?), n. [OF.
chert\'82. See Charity.] Love;
tender regard. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Chiev"ance (?), n. [OF.
chevance property, equiv. To chevisance,
fr. chevir to accomplish. See
Chevisance.] An unlawful bargain; traffic in
which money is exported as discount. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Chieve (?), v. i. See
Cheve, v. i. [Obs.]
Chiff"-chaff (, n. [So
called from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) A species
of European warbler (Sylvia hippolais); -- called also
chip-chap, and
pettychaps.
{ Chif`fo*nier" (?), fem.
Chif`fo-ni\'8are" (?), }
n. [F. chiffonnier, fem.
chiffonni\'8are, fr. chiffon rag, fr.
chiffe a rag, fimsy cloth.] 1. One
who gathers rags and odds and ends; a ragpicker.
2. A receptacle for rags or shreds.
3. A movable and ornamental closet or piece of
furniture with shelves or drawers.
G. Eliot.
\'d8Chi"gnon (, n. [F.,
prop. equiv. to cha\'8cnon link, fr.
cha\'8cne chain, fr. L. catena Cf.
Chain.] A knot, boss, or mass of hair,
natural or artificial, worn by a woman at the back of the
head.
A curl that had strayed from her chignon.
H. James.
{ Chig"oe (?), Chig"re
(?), } n. [Cf. F.
chigue, perh. fr. Catalan chic small, Sp.
chico; or of Peruvian origin.]
(Zo\'94l.) A species of flea (Pulex
penetrans), common in the West Indies and South America,
which often attacks the feet or any exposed part of the human
body, and burrowing beneath the skin produces great irritation.
When the female is allowed to remain and breed, troublesome sores
result, which are sometimes dangerous. See Jigger.
[Written also chegre, chegoe,
chique, chigger,
jigger.]
\'d8Chi*ka"ra (, n.
[Hind.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
Ingoat antelope (Tragops Bennettii) Of India.
(b) The Indian four-horned antelope
(Tetraceros quadricornis).
Chil"blain` (?), n.
[Chill + Blain.] A blain,
sore, or inflammatory swelling, produced by exposure of the feet
or hands to cold, and attended by itching, pain, and sometimes
ulceration.
Chil"blain`, v. t. To produce chilblains
upon.
Child (?), n.; pl.
Children (#). [AS.
cild, pl. cildru; cf. Goth.
kil\'edei womb, in-kil\'ed\'d3 with
child.] 1. A son or a daughter; a male or
female descendant, in the first degree; the immediate progeny of
human parents; -- in law, legitimate offspring. Used
also of animals and plants.
2. A descendant, however remote; -- used esp. in
the plural; as, the children of Israel; the
children of Edom.
3. One who, by character of practice, shows signs
of relationship to, or of the influence of, another; one closely
connected with a place, occupation, character, etc.; as, a
child of God; a child of the devil; a
child of disobedience; a child of toil; a
child of the people.
4. A noble youth. See Childe.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
5. A young person of either sex. esp. one between
infancy and youth; hence, one who exhibits the characteristics of
a very young person, as innocence, obedience, trustfulness,
limited understanding, etc.
When I was child. I spake as a child, I
understood as a child, I thought as a
child; but when I became a man, I put away childish
things.
1. Cor. xii. 11.
6. A female infant. [Obs.]
A boy or a child, I wonder?
Shak.
To be with child, to be pregnant. --
Child's play, light work; a trifling
contest.
Child, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Childed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Childing.] To give birth; to produce
young.
This queen Genissa childing died.
Warner.
It chanced within two days they childed both.
Latimer.
Child"bear`ing (?), n. The act
of producing or bringing forth children; parturition.
Milton. Addison.
Child"bed (?), n. The state of
a woman bringing forth a child, or being in labor;
parturition.
Child"birth (?), n. The act of
bringing forth a child; travail; labor.
Jer. Taylor.
Child"crow`ing (?), n.
(Med.) The crowing noise made by children
affected with spasm of the laryngeal muscles; false croup.
Childe (?), n. A cognomen
formerly prefixed to his name by the oldest son, until he
succeeded to his ancestral titles, or was knighted; as,
Childe Roland.
Child"ed (?), a. Furnished with
a child. [Obs.]
Chil"dermas day` (?). [AS.
cildam\'91sse-d\'91g; cild child
+d\'91g day.] (Eccl.) A day
(December 28) observed by mass or festival in commemoration of
the children slain by Herod at Bethlehem; -- called also
Holy Innocent's Day.
<-- p. 248 -->
Child"hood (?), n. [AS.
cildh\'bed; cild child +
-h\'bed. See Child, and hood.]
1. The state of being a child; the time in which
persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to
puberty.
I have walked before you from my childhood.
1. Sam. xii. 2.
2. Children, taken collectively.
[R.]
The well-governed childhood of this realm.
Sir. W. Scott.
3. The commencement; the first period.
The childhood of our joy.
Shak.
Second childhood, the state of being feeble
and incapable from old age.
Child"ing (?), a. [See
Child, v. i.] Bearing Children;
(Fig.) productive; fruitful. [R.]
Shak.
Child"ish, a. 1. Of, pertaining
to, befitting, or resembling, a child.
\'bdChildish innocence.\'b8
Macaulay.
2. Peurile; trifling; weak.
Methinks that simplicity in her countenance is rather
childish than innocent.
Addison.
Childish, as applied tc persons who are
grown up, is in a disparaging sense; as, a childish
temper.
Child"ish*ly, adv. In the manner of a
child; in a trifling way; in a weak or foolish manner.
Child"ish*ness, n. The state or quality
of being childish; simplicity; harmlessness; weakness of
intellect.
Child"less*ness, n. The state of being
childless.
Child"like (?), a. Resembling a
child, or that which belongs to children; becoming a child; meek;
submissive; dutiful. \'bdChildlike
obedience.\'b8
Hooker.
Childlike, as applied to persons grown
up, is commonly in a good sense; as, childlike grace
or simplicity; childlike modesty.
Child"ly, a. Having tthe character of a
child; belonging, or appropriate, to a child.
Gower.
Child"ly, adv. Like a child.
Mrs. Browning.
Child"ness, n. The manner characteristic
of a child. [Obs.] \'bdVarying
childness.\'b8
Shak.
Chil"dren (?), n.;
pl. of Child.
Child"ship, n. The state or relation of
being a child.
Chil"i (?), n. [Sp.
chili, chile.] A kind of red
pepper. See Capsicum [Written also
chilli and chile.]
Chil"i*ad (?), n. [Gr. A thousand; the aggregate of
a thousand things; especially, a period of a thousand
years.
The world, then in the seventh chiliad, will be
assumed up unto God.
Sir. T. More.
Chil"i*a*gon (?), n. [Gr. A plane figure of a
thousand angles and sides.
Barlow.
Chil"i*a*hedron (?), n. [Gr.
A figure
bounded by a thousand plane surfaces [Spelt also
chilia\'89dron.]
Chil"i*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Chili. -- n. A native
or citizen of Chili.
{ Chil"i*an (?), Chil"i*arch`
(?), } n. [Gr. The commander or
chief of a thousand men.
Chil"i*arch`y (?), n. [Gr.
A body consisting of a thousand men.
Mitford.
Chil"i*asm (?), n. [Gr. 1. The
millennium.
2. The doctrine of the personal reign of Christ on
earth during the millennium.
Chil"i*ast (?), n. [Gr. Chiliasm.] One who believes in the second
coming of Christ to reign on earth a thousand years; a
milllenarian.
Chili*astic (?), a.
Millenarian. \'bdThe obstruction offered by the
chiliastic errors.\'b8
J. A. Alexander.
Chill (?), n. [AS.
cele, cyle, from the same root as
celan, calan, to be cold; akin to D.
kil cold, coldness, Sw. kyla to chill, and
E. cool. See Cold, and cf.
Cool.]
1. A moderate but disagreeable degree of cold; a
disagreeable sensation of coolness, accompanied with
shivering. \'bd[A] wintry chill.\'b8
W. Irving.
2. (Med.) A sensation of cold with
convulsive shaking of the body, pinched face, pale skin, and blue
lips, caused by undue cooling of the body or by nervous
excitement, or forming the precursor of some constitutional
disturbance, as of a fever.
3. A check to enthusiasm or warmth of feeling;
discouragement; as, a chill comes over an
assemblly.
4. An iron mold or portion of a mold, serving to
cool rapidly, and so to harden, the surface of molten iron
brought in contact with it.
Raymond.
5. The hardened part of a casting, as the tread of
a car wheel.
Knight.
Chill and fever, fever and ague.
Chill, a. 1. Moderately cold;
tending to cause shivering; chilly; raw.
Noisome winds, and blasting vapors chill.
Milton.
2. Affected by cold. \'bdMy veins are
chill.\'b8
Shak.
3. Characterized by coolness of manner, feeling,
etc.; lacking enthusiasm or warmth; formal; distant; as, a
chill reception.
4. Discouraging; depressing; dispiriting.
Chill, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chilled (ch\'ccld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chilling.] 1. To
strike with a chill; to make chilly; to cause to shiver; to
affect with cold.
When winter chilled the day.
Goldsmith.
2. To check enthusiasm or warmth of feeling of; to
depress; to discourage.
Every thought on God chills the gayety of his
spirits.
Rogers.
3. (Metal.) To produce, by sudden
cooling, a change of crystallization at or near the surface of,
so as to increase the hardness; said of cast iron.
Chill, v. i. (Metal.) To
become surface-hardened by sudden cooling while solidifying;
as, some kinds of cast iron chill to a greater depth
than others.
Chilled (?), a. 1.
Hardened on the surface or edge by chilling; as,
chilled iron; a chilled wheel.
2. (Paint.) Having that cloudiness or
dimness of surface that is called
\'bdblooming.\'b8
Chil"li (?), n. See
Chili.
Chill"i*ness (?), n. 1.
A state or sensation of being chilly; a disagreeable
sensation of coldness.
2. A moderate degree of coldness; disagreeable
coldness or rawness; as, the chilliness of the
air.
3. Formality; lack of warmth.
Chill"ing (?), a. Making chilly
or cold; depressing; discouraging; cold; distant; as, a
chilling breeze; a chilling manner.
-- Chill"ing"ly, adv.
Chill"ness, n. Coolness; coldness; a
chill.
Death is the chillness that precedes the dawn.
Longfellow.
Chill"y (?), a. Moderately
cold; cold and raw or damp so as to cause shivering; causing or
feeling a disagreeable sensation of cold, or a shivering.
Chi"log*nath (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A myriapod of the order
Chilognatha.
\'d8Chi*log"na*tha (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the two principal orders of
myriapods. They have numerous segments, each bearing two pairs of
small, slender legs, which are attached ventrallly, near
together.
Chi*lo"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
-oma.]
(Zo\'94l.) The tumid upper lip of certain
mammals, as of a camel.
Chi"lo*pod (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A myriapod of the order
Chilopoda.
\'d8Chi*lop"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the orders of myriapods,
including the centipeds. They have a single pair of elongated
legs attached laterally to each segment; well developed jaws; and
a pair of thoracic legs converted into poison fangs. They are
insectivorous, very active, and some species grow to the length
of a foot.
{ \'d8Chi*los"to*ma (?),
Chi*lo*stom"a*ta (?), } n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An extensive suborder of marine
Bryozoa, mostly with calcareous shells. They have a movable lip
and a lid to close the aperture of the cells. [Also
written Chillostomata.]
Chi`lo*stoma*tous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Chilostoma.
Chiltern Hundreds (?). [AS.
Chiltern the Chiltern, high hills in Buckinghamshire,
perh. Fr. ceald cold + ern,
\'91rn, place.] A tract of crown land in
Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, England, to which is attached
the nominal office of steward. As members of Parliament cannot
resign, when they wish to go out they accept this stewardship,
which legally vacates their seats.
\'d8Chi*m\'91"ra (?), n. [NL.
See Chimera.] (Zo\'94l.) A
cartilaginous fish of several species, belonging to the order
Holocephali. The teeth are few and large. The head is furnished
with appendages, and the tail terminates in a point.
Chi*m\'91"roid (?), a.
[Chim\'91ra + old.]
(Zo\'94l.) Related to, or like, the
chim\'91ra.
Chi*man"go [Native name]
(Zo\'94l.) A south American carrion buzzard
(Milvago chimango). See Caracara.
Chimb (ch\'c6m), n. [AS.
cim, in cimst\'ben base of a pillar; akin
to D. kim, f. Sw. kim., G. kimme
f.] The edge of a cask, etc; a chine. See
Chine, n., 3. [Written also
hime.]
Chimb, v. i. Chime.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chime (?), n. [See
Chimb.] See Chine, n.,
3.
Chime (?), n. [OE.
chimbe, prop., cymbal, OF. cymbe,
cymble, in a dialectic form, chymble, F.
cymbale, L. cymbalum, fr. Gr. Cymbal.] 1. The harmonious sound of
bells, or of musical instruments.
Instruments that made melodius chime.
Milton.
2. A set of bells musically tuned to each other;
specif., in the pl., the music performed on such a
set of bells by hand, or produced by mechanism to accompany the
striking of the hours or their divisions.
We have heard the chimes at midnight.
Shak.
3. Pleasing correspondence of proportion, relation,
or sound. \'bdChimes of verse.\'b8
Cowley.
Chime, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chiming.] [See Chime,
n.] 1. To sound in harmonious
accord, as bells.
2. To be in harmony; to agree; to sut; to
harmonize; to correspond; to fall in with.
Everything chimed in with such a humor.
W. irving.
3. To join in a conversation; to express assent; --
followed by in or in with.
[Colloq.]
4. To make a rude correspondence of sounds; to
jingle, as in rhyming.
Cowley
Chime (?), v. i. 1. To
cause to sound in harmony; to play a tune, as upon a set of
bells; to move or strike in harmony.
And chime their sounding hammers.
Dryden.
2. To utter harmoniously; to recite
rhythmically.
Chime his childish verse.
Byron.
Chim"er (?), n. One who
chimes.
Chime"ra (?), n.; pl.
Chimeras (#). [L.
chimaera a chimera (in sense 1), Gr. qymbr a yearling
ewe.] 1. (Myth.) A monster
represented as vomiting flames, and as having the head of a lion,
the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon. \'bdDire
chimeras and enchanted isles.\'b8
Milton.
2. A vain, foolish, or incongruous fancy, or
creature of the imagination; as, the chimera of an
author.
Burke.
Chi*mere" (?), n. [OF.
chamarre., F. simarre (cf. It.
zimarra), fr. Sp. chamarra,
zamarra, a coat made of sheepskins, a sheepskin, perh.
from Ar. samm\'d4r the Scythian weasel or marten, the
sable. Cf. Simarre.] The upper robe worn by a
bishop, to which lawn sleeves are usually attached.
Hook.
Chi*mer"ic (?), a.
Chimerical.
Chi*mer"ic*al (?), a. Merely
imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wildly or vainly conceived;
having, or capable of having, no existence except in thought;
as, chimerical projects.
Syn. -- Imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wild; unfounded;
vain; deceitful; delusive.
Chi*mer"ic*al*ly, adv. Wildy; vainly;
fancifully.
Chim"i*nage (?), n. [OF.
cheminage, fr. chemin way, road.]
(Old Law) A toll for passage through a
forest. [Obs.]
Cowell.
Chim"ney, n.; pl. Chimneys
(#). [F. chemin\'82e, LL.
caminata, fr. L. caminus furnace,
fireplace, Gr. 1. A
fireplace or hearth. [Obs.]
Sir W. Raleigh.
2. That part of a building which contains the smoke
flues; esp. an upright tube or flue of brick or stone, in most
cases extending through or above the roof of the building. Often
used instead of chimney shaft.
Hard by a cottage chimney smokes.
Milton.
3. A tube usually of glass, placed around a flame,
as of a lamp, to create a draft, and promote combustion.
4. (Min.) A body of ore, usually of
elongated form, extending downward in a vein.
Raymond.
Chimney board, a board or screen used to close
a fireplace; a fireboard. -- Chimney cap, a
device to improve the draught of a chimney, by presenting an exit
aperture always to leeward. -- Chimney corner,
the space between the sides of the fireplace and the fire;
hence, the fireside. -- Chimney hook, a hook
for holding pats and kettles over a fire, -- Chimney
money, hearth money, a duty formerly paid in England
for each chimney. -- Chimney pot
(Arch.), a cylinder of earthenware or sheet metal
placed at the top of a chimney which rises above the roof.
-- Chimney swallow. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) An American swift (Ch\'91ture
pelasgica) which lives in chimneys. (b) In
England, the common swallow (Hirundo rustica). --
Chimney sweep, Chimney
sweeper, one who cleans chimneys of soot; esp. a
boy who climbs the flue, and brushes off the soot.
Chim"ney-breast` (?), n.
(Arch.) The horizontal projection of a chimney
from the wall in which it is built; -- commonly applied to its
projection in the inside of a building only.
Chim"ney-piece` (?), n.
(Arch.) A decorative construction around the
opning of a fireplace.
Chim*pan"zee (?), n. [From the
native name: cf. F. chimpanz\'82,
chimpans\'82, chimpanz\'82e.]
(Zo\'94l.) An african ape (Anthropithecus
troglodytes <--, Pan troglodytes-->or Troglodytes
niger) which approaches more nearly to man, in most
respects, than any other ape. When full grown, it is from three
to four feet high.
Chin (?), n. [AS.
cin, akin to OS. kin, G kinn,
Icel. kinn, cheek, Dan. & Sw. kind, L.
gena, Gr. hanu.
\'fb232.] 1. The lower extremity of the face
below the mouth; the point of the under jaw.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The exterior or under
surface embraced between the branches of the lower jaw bone, in
birds.
Chi"na (?), n. 1. A
country in Eastern Asia.
2. China ware, which is the modern popular term for
porcelain. See Porcelain.
China aster (Bot.), a well-known
garden flower and plant. See Aster. -- China
bean. See under Bean, 1. -- China
clay See Kaolin. -- China
grass, Same as Ramie. -- China
ink. See India ink. -- China
pink (Bot.), an anual or biennial species of
Dianthus (D. Chiensis) having variously
colored single or double flowers; Indian pink. -- China
root (Med.), the rootstock of a species of
Smilax (S. China, from the East Indies; --
formerly much esteemed for the purposes that sarsaparilla is now
used for. Also the galanga root (from Alpinia Gallanga
and Alpinia officinarum). -- China rose.
(Bot.) (a) A popular name for several
free-blooming varieties of rose derived from the Rosa
Indica, and perhaps other species. (b) A
flowering hothouse plant (Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis) of
the Mallow family, common in the gardens of China and the east
Indies. -- China shop, a shop or store for
the sale of China ware or of crockery. -- China
ware, porcelain; -- so called in the 17th century
because brought from the far East, and differing from the pottery
made in Europa at that time; also, loosely, crockery in
general. -- Pride of China, China
tree. (Bot.) See
Azedarach.
<-- p. 249 -->
Chin*al"dine (?), n. [NL.
chinium quinine + aldehyde.]
(Chem.) See Quinaldine.
Chi"na*man (?), n.; pl.
Chinamen (. A native of China;
a Chinese.
Chin"ca*pin (?), n. See
Chinquapin.
Chinch (?), n. [Cf. Sp.
chinche, fr. L. cimex.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The bedbug (Cimex
lectularius).
2. (Zo\'94l.) A bug (Blissus
leucopterus), which, in the United States, is very
destructive to grass, wheat, and other grains; -- also called
chiniz, chinch bug,
chink bug. It resembles the bedbug in its
disgusting odor.
Chin"cha (?), n. [Cf.
Chinchilla.] (Zo\'94l.) A south
American rodent of the genus Lagotis.
Chinche (?), a. [F.
chiche miserly.] Parsimonious;
niggardly. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chinch"er*ie (?), n.
Penuriousness. [Obs.]
By cause of his skarsete and chincherie.
Caucer.
Chin*chil"la (?), n.
[Sp.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A small
rodent (Chinchilla lanigera), of the size of a large
squirrel, remarkable for its fine fur, which is very soft and of
a pearly gray color. It is a native of Peru and Chili.
2. The fur of the chinchilla.
3. A heavy, longnapped, tufted woolen cloth.
{ Chin*cho"na (?), Chin*co"na
(?). }See Cinchona.
Chin" cough" (?). [For chink
cough; cf. As. cincung long laughter, Scot.
kink a violent fit of coughing, akin to MHG.
k\'c6chen to pant. Cf. Kinknaust,
Cough.] Whooping cough.
Chine (?), n. [Cf.
Chink.] A chink or cleft; a narrow and deep
ravine; as, Shanklin Chine in the Isle of
Wight, a quarter of a mile long and 230 feet deep.
[Prov. Eng.] \'bdThe cottage in a
chine.\'b8
J. Ingelow.
Chine (?), n.[OF.
eschine, F. \'82chine, fr. OHG.
skina needle, prickle, shin, G. schiene
splint, schienbein shin. For the meaning cf. L.
spina thorn, prickle, or spine, the backbone. Cf.
Shin.] 1. The backbone or spine of
an animal; the back. \'bdAnd chine with rising
bristles roughly spread.\'b8
Dryden.
2. A piece of the backbone of an animal, with the
adjoining parts, cut for cooking. [See Illust.
of Beef.]
3. The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the
projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a
stave.
Chine, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chined (?).] 1.
To cut through the backbone of; to cut into chine
pieces.
2. Too chamfer the ends of a stave and form the
chine..
Chined (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to, or having, a chine, or backbone; -- used in
composition.
Beau. & Fl.
2. Broken in the back. [Obs.]
He's chined, goodman.
Beau. & Fl.
Chi"nese" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to China; peculiar to China.
Chinese paper. See India paper,
under India. -- Chinese wax, a
snowy-wgite, waxlike substance brought from China. It is the
bleached secretion of certain insects of the family
Coccid\'91 especially Coccus
Sinensis.
Chi*nese", n. sing. & pl. 1. A
native or natives of China, or one of that yellow race with
oblique eyelids who live principally in China.
2. sing. The language of China,
which is monosyllabic.
Chineses was used as a plural by the
contemporaries of Shakespeare and Milton.
Chink (?), n. [OE.
chine, AS. c\'c6ne fissure, chink, fr.
c\'c6nan to gape; akin to Goth. Keinan to
sprout, G. keimen. Cf. Chit.] A
small cleft, rent, or fissure, of greater length than breadth; a
gap or crack; as, the chinks of wall.
Through one cloudless chink, in a black, stormy
sky.
Shines out the dewy morning star.
Macaulay.
Chink, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chinked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chinking.] To crack; to
open.
Chink, v. t. 1. To cause to
open in cracks or fissures.
2. To fill up the chinks of; as, to
chink a wall.
Chink, n. [Of imitative origin. Cf.
Jingle.] 1. A short, sharp sound, as
of metal struck with a slight degree of violence.
\'bdChink of bell.\'b8
Cowper.
2. Money; cash. [Cant] \'bdTo
leave his chink to better hands.\'b8
Somerville.
Chink, v. t. To cause to make a sharp
metallic sound, as coins, small pieces of metal, etc., by
bringing them into collision with each other.
Pope.
Chink, v. i. To make a slight, sharp,
metallic sound, as by the collision of little pieces of money, or
other small sonorous bodies.
Arbuthnot.
Chink"y (?), a. Full of chinks
or fissures; gaping; opening in narrow clefts.
Dryden.
Chinned (?), a. Having a chin;
-- used chiefly in compounds; as,
short-chinned.
Chi*noid"ine (?), n. [NL.
chinium quinine (cf. G. & F. china Peruvian
bark) + --oil + -ine.]
(Chem.) See Quinodine.
Chin"o*line (?), n. [NL.
chinium quinine (see Chinoldine) + L.
oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.)
See Quinoline.
Chi"none (?), n. [NL.
chinium quinine (see Chinoidine.) +
-one.] (Chem.) See
Quinone.
Chi*nook" (?), n. 1.
(Ethnol.) One of a tribe of North American
Indians now living in the state of Washington, noted for the
custom of flattening their skulls. Chinooks also called
Flathead Indians.
2. A warm westerly wind from the country of the
Chinooks, sometimes experienced on the slope of the Rocky
Mountains, in Montana and the adjacent territory.
3. A jargon of words from various languages (the
largest proportion of which is from that of the Chinooks)
generally understood by all the Indian tribes of the northwestern
territories of the United States.
Chin"qua*pin (?), n.
(Bot.) A branching, nut-bearing tree or shrub
(Castanea pumila) of North America, from six to twenty
feet high, allied to the chestnut. Also, its small, sweet, edible
nat. [Written also chincapin and
chinkapin.]
Chinquapin oak, a small shrubby oak
(Quercus prinoides) of the Atlantic States, with
edible acorns. -- Western Chinquapin, an
evergreen shrub or tree (Castanopes chrysophylla) of
the Pacific coast. In California it is a shrub; in Oregon a tree
30 to 125 feet high.
Chinse (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Chinsed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chinsing.] (Naut.) To thrust
oakum into (seams or chinks) with a chisel , the point of a
knife, or a chinsing iron; to calk slightly.
Chinsing iron, a light calking iron.
Chintz (?), n.; pl.
Chintzes (#). [Hindi
ch\'c6nt spotted cotton clooth, ch\'c6nt\'be
spot.] Cotton cloth, printed with flowers and
other devices, in a number of different colors, and often
glazed.
Swift.
Chiop*pine" (?), n. Same as
Chopine, n.
Chip (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chipped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chipping.] [Cf. G. kippen to
cut off the edge, to clip, pare. Cf. Chop to cut.]
1. To cut small pieces from; to diminsh or reduce
to shape, by cutting away a little at a time; to hew.
Shak.
2. To break or crack, or crack off a portion of, as
of an eggshell in hatching, or a piece of crockery.
3. To bet, as with chips in the game of
poker.
To chip in, to contribute, as to a fund; to
share in the risks or expenses of. [Slang. U.
S.]
Chip, v. i. To break or fly off in small
pieces.
Chip, n. 1. A piece of wood,
stone, or other substance, separated by an ax, chisel, or cutting
instrument.
2. A fragment or piece broken off; a small
piece.
3. Wood or Cuban palm leaf split into slips, or
straw plaited in a special manner, for making hats or
bonnets.
4. Anything dried up, withered, or without flavor;
-- used contemptuously.
5. One of the counters used in poker and other
games.
6. (Naut.) The triangular piece of wood
attached to the log line.
Buffalo chips. See under
Buffalo. -- Chip ax, a small ax for
chipping timber into shape. -- Chip bonnet,
Chip hat, a bonnet or a hat made of Chip.
See Chip, n., 3. -- A chip off the
old block, a child who resembles either of his
parents. [Colloq.] Milton.-
Potato chips, Saratoga chips,
thin slices of raw potato fried crisp.
Chip"munk` (?), n. [Indian
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A squirrel-like animal of
the genus Tamias, sometimes called the striped
squirrel, chipping squirrel, ground
squirrel, hackee. The common species of the
United States is the Tamias striatus.
[Written also chipmonk, chipmuck,
and chipmuk.]
Chip"per (?), v. i.
[Cf. Cheep, Chirp.]
To chirp or chirrup. [ Prov. Eng.]
Forby.
Chip"per, a. Lively; cheerful;
talkative. [U. S.]
Chip"pe*ways (?), n. pl.;
sing. Chippeway. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the northern and
weastern shores of Lake Superior; -- called also
Objibways.
Chip"ping (?), n. 1. A
chip; a piece separated by a cutting or graving instrument; a
fragment.
2. The act or process of cutting or breaking off
small pieces, as in dressing iron with a chisel, or reducing a
timber or block of stone to shape.
3. The breaking off in small pieces of the edges of
potter's ware, porcelain, etc.
Chip"ping bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The chippy.
Chip"ping squir"rel (?). See
Chipmunk.
Chip"py (?), a. Abounding in,
or resembling, chips; dry and tasteless.
Chip"py (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small American sparrow
(Spizella socialis), very common near dwelling; --
also called chipping bird and
chipping sparrow, from its simple note.
Chips (?), n. (Naut.)
A ship's carpenter. [Cant.]
\'d8Chi*ra"gra (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. (Med.)
Gout in the hand.
Chi*rag"ric*al (?), a. Having
the gout in the hand, or subject to that disease.
Sir. T. Browne.
\'d8Chi*ret"ta (?), n. [Hind.
chir\'be\'c6t\'be.] A plant (Agathotes
Chirayta) found in Northern India, having medicinal
properties to the gentian, and esteemed as a tonic and
febrifuge.
Chirk (?), v. i. [Cf.
Chirp, also Creak.] 1. To
shriek; to gnash; to utter harsh or shrill cries.
[Obs.]
All full of chirkyng was that sorry place.
Cheucer.
2. To chirp like a bird. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chirk, v. t. To cheer; to enliven;
as, to chirk one up. [Colloq. New
Eng. ]
Chirk, a. [From Chirk, v.
i.] Lively; cheerful; in good spirits.
[Colloq. New Eng.]
Chirm (?), v. i. [Cf. AS.
cyrman, cirman, to cry out. \'fb24 Cf.
Chirp.] To chirp or to make a mournful cry,
as a bird. [Obs.]
Huloet.
Chi*rog"no*my (?), n. [Gr. The art of judging
character by the shape and apperance of the hand.
Chi"ro*graph (?), n. [Gr. (Old.
Law) (a) A writing which, reguiring a
counterpart, was engrossed twice on the same piece of parchment,
with a space between, in which was written the word
chirographum, through which the parchment was cut, and
one part given to each party. It answered to what is now called a
charter party. (b) The last part
of a fine of land, commonly called the foot of the
fine.
Bouvier.
Chi*rog"ra*pher (?), n. 1.
One who practice the art or business of writing or
engrossing.
2. See chirographist, 2.
Chirographer of fines (Old Eng. Law),
an officer in the court of common pleas, who engrossed
fines.
{ Chi`ro*graph"ic (?),
Chi`ro*graph"ic*al (?) } a.
Of or pertaining to chirography.
Chi*rog"ra*phist (?), n. 1.
A chirographer; a writer or engrosser.
2. One who tells fortunes by examining the
hand.
Chi*rog"ra*phy (?), n. 1.
The art of writing or engrossing; handwriting; as,
skilled in chirography.
2. The art of telling fortunes by examining the
hand.
Chi`ro*gym"nast (?), n. [Gr.
A
mechanocal contrivance for exercesing the fingers of a
pianist.
Chi`ro*log"ic*al (?), a.
Relating to chirology.
Chi*rol"o*gist (?), n. One who
communicates thoughts by signs made with the hands and
fingers.
Chi*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The art or practice of using
the manual alphabet or of communicating thoughts by sings made by
the hands and fingers; a substitute for spoken or written
language in intercourse with the deaf and dumb. See
Dactylalogy.
Chi"ro*man`cer (?), n. One who
practices chiromancy.
Dryden.
Chi"ro*mancy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] The art or practice of
foretelling events, or of telling the fortunes or the disposition
of persons by inspecting the hand; palmistry.
{ Chi"ro*man`ist (?),
Chi"ro*man`tist (?) } n.
[Gr. A chiromancer.
{ Chi`ro*man"tic (?),
Chi`ro*man"tic*al (?) } a.
Of or pertaining to chiromancy.
Chi`ro*mon"ic (?), a. Relating
to chironomy.
Chi*ron"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The art of moving the hands
in oratory or in pantomime; gesture [Obs.]
Chi"ro*plast (?), n. [Gr. (Mus.)
An instrument to guid the hands and fingers of pupils in
playing on the piano, etc.
Chi*rop"o*dist (?), n. [Gr. One who treats diseases of the
hands and feet; especially, one who removes corns and
bunions.
Chirop"ody (?), n. The art of
treating diseases of the hands and feet.
Chiros"ophist (?), n. [Gr. Sophist.] A
fortune teller.
Chirp (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Chirped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chirping.] [Of imitative orgin. Cf.
Chirk, Chipper, Cheep, Chirm,
Chirrup.] To make a shop, sharp, cheerful, as
of small birds or crickets.
Chirp, n. A short, sharp note, as of a
bird or insect. \'bdThe chirp of flitting
bird.\'b8
Bryant.
Chirp"er (?), n. One who
chirps, or is cheerful.
Chirp"ing (?), a. Cheering;
enlivening.
He takes his chirping pint, he cracks his
jokes.
Pope.
Chirp"ing*ly, adv. In a chirping
manner.
Chirre (?), v. i. [Cf. G.
girren, AS. corian to murmur, complain.
\'fb24.] To coo, as a pigeon.
[Obs.]
Chir"rup (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chirruped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chirruping.] [See
Chirp.] To quicken or animate by chirping; to
cherup.
Chir"rup, v. i. To chirp.
Tennyson.
The criket chirrups on the hearth.
Goldsmith.
Chir"rup, n. The act of chirping; a
chirp.
The sparrows' chirrup on the roof.
Tennyson.
Chir"rupy (?), a. Cheerful;
joyous; chatty.
Chi*rur"geon (?), n. [F.
chirurgien, from chirurgie surgery, fr. Gr.
Surgeon, Work.] A
surgeon. [Obs.]
Chi*rur"geon*ly, adv. Surgically.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Chi*rur"ger*y (?), n. [See
Chirurgeon, and cf. Surgery.]
Surgery. [Obs.]
{ Chi*rur"gic (?), Chirur"gical
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
chirurgiquerurgical, L. Chirurgicus, Gr.
Chirurgeon, and cf. Surgical.]
Surgical [Obs.]
\'bdChirurgical lore\'b8
Longfellow.
<-- p. 250 -->
Chis"el (?), n. [OF.
chisel, F. ciseau, fr. LL.
cisellus, prob. for caesellus, fr. L.
caesus, p. p. of caedere to cut. Cf.
Scissors.] A tool with a cutting edge on one
end of a metal blade, used in dressing, shaping, or working in
timber, stone, metal, etc.; -- usually driven by a mallet or
hammer.
Cold chisel. See under Cold,
a.
Chis"el, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chiseled (?), or Chiselled
(p. pr. & vb. n. Chiseling, or
Chiselling.] [Cf. F.
ciseler.] 1. To cut, pare, gouge,
or engrave with a chisel; as, to chisel a block of
marble into a statue.
2. To cut close, as in a bargain; to cheat.
[Slang]
Chis"leu (?), n. [Heb.]
The ninth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering
to a part of November with a part of December.
Chis"ley (?), a. [AS.
ceosel gravel or sand. Cf. Chessom.]
Having a large admixture of small pebbles or gravel; -- said
of a soil.
Gardner.
Chit (?), n. [Cf. AS.
c\'c6 shoot, sprig, from the same root as
c\'c6nan to yawn. See Chink a cleft.]
1. The embryo or the growing bud of a plant; a
shoot; a sprout; as, the chits of Indian corn or of
potatoes.
2. A child or babe; as, a forward
chit; also, a young, small, or insignificant person
or animal.
A little chit of a woman.
Thackeray.
3. An excrescence on the body, as a wart.
[Obs.]
4. A small tool used in cleaving laths.
Knight.
Chit, v. i. To shoot out; to
sprout.
I have known barley chit in seven hours after it
had been thrown forth.
Mortimer.
Chit, 3d sing. of Chide.
Chideth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chit"chat (?), n. [From
Chat, by way of reduplication.] Familiar or
trifling talk; prattle.
Chi"tin (?), n. [See
Chiton.] (Chem.) A white amorphous
horny substance forming the harder part of the outer integument
of insects, crustacea, and various other invertebrates;
entomolin.
Chi`ti*ni*za"tion (?), n. The
process of becoming chitinous.
Chi"ti*nous (?), a. Having the
nature of chitin; consisting of, or containing, chitin.
\'d8Chi"ton (?), n. [Gr. 1. An under garment
among the ancient Greeks, nearly representing the modern
shirt.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of a group of
gastropod mollusks, with a shell composed of eight movable dorsal
plates. See Polyplacophora.
Chit"ter (?), v. i. [Cf.
Chatter.] 1. To chirp in a tremulous
manner, as a bird. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To shiver or chatter with cold.
[Scot.]
Burns.
Chit"ter*ling (?), n. The frill
to the breast of a shirt, which when ironed out resembled the
small entrails. See Chitterlings.
[Obs.]
Gascoigne.
Chit"ter*lings (?), n. pl. [Cf.
AS. cwi\'ed womb, Icel. kvi\'eb, Goth.
qi\'edus, belly, womb, stomach, G. kutteln
chitterlings.] (Cookery) The smaller
intestines of swine, etc., fried for food.
\'d8Chit"tra (?), n. [Native
Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) The axis deer of
India.
Chit"ty (?), a. 1.
Full of chits or sprouts.
2. Childish; like a babe. [Obs.]
Chiv"a*chie` (?), n. [OF.
chevauchie, chevauch\'82e; of the same
origin as E. cavalcade.] A cavalry raid;
hence, a military expedition. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chiv"al*ric (?), a. [See
Chivalry.] Relating to chivalry; knightly;
chivalrous.
Chiv"al*rous (?), a. [OF.
chevalerus, chevalereus, fr.
chevalier. See Chivalry.]
Pertaining to chivalry or knight-errantry; warlike; heroic;
gallant; high-spirited; high-minded; magnanimous.
In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise.
Spenser.
Chiv"al*rous*ly, adv. In a chivalrous
manner; gallantly; magnanimously.
Chiv"al*ry (?), n. [F.
chevalerie, fr. chevalier knight, OF.,
horseman. See Chevalier, and cf.
Cavalry.] 1. A body or order of
cavaliers or knights serving on horseback; illustrious warriors,
collectively; cavalry. \'bdHis Memphian
chivalry.\'b8
Milton.
By his light
Did all the chivalry of England move,
To do brave acts.
Shak.
2. The dignity or system of knighthood; the spirit,
usages, or manners of knighthood; the practice of
knight-errantry.
Dryden.
3. The qualifications or character of knights, as
valor, dexterity in arms, courtesy, etc.
The glory of our Troy this day doth lie
On his fair worth and single chivalry.
Shak.
4. (Eng. Law) A tenure of lands by
knight's service; that is, by the condition of a knight's
performing service on horseback, or of performing some noble or
military service to his lord.
5. Exploit. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Court of chivalry, a court formerly held
before the lord high constable and earl marshal of England as
judges, having cognizance of contracts and other matters relating
to deeds of arms and war.
Blackstone.
Chive (?), n. (Bot.)
A filament of a stamen. [Obs.]
Chive (?), n. [F.
cive, fr. L. cepa, caepa, onion.
Cf. Cives, Cibol.] (Bot.)
A perennial plant (Allium Sch\'d2noprasum),
allied to the onion. The young leaves are used in omelets,
etc. [Written also cive.]
Chiv"y (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chivied
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chivying.] [Cf. Chevy.]
To goad, drive, hunt, throw, or pitch. [Slang,
Eng.]
Dickens.
Chlam"y*date (?), a. [L.
chlamydatus dressed in a military cloak. See
Chlamys.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a
mantle; -- applied to certain gastropods.
Chlam"y*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A small
South American edentate (Chlamyphorus truncatus, and
C. retusus) allied to the armadillo. It is covered
with a leathery shell or coat of mail, like a cloak, attached
along the spine.
\'d8Chla"mys (?), n.; pl. E.
Chlamyses (#), L. Chlamydes
(#). [L., from Gr. A loose
and flowing outer garment, worn by the ancient Greeks; a kind of
cloak.
\'d8Chlo*as"ma (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A cutaneous affection
characterized by yellow or yellowish brown pigmented spots.
Chlo"ral (?), n.
[Chlorine + alcohol.]
1. (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid,
CCl3.CHO, of a pungent odor and harsh taste,
obtained by the action of chlorine upon ordinary or ethyl
alcohol.
2. (Med.) Chloral hydrate.
Chloral hydrate, a white crystalline
substance, obtained by treating chloral with water. It produces
sleep when taken internally or hypodermically; -- called also
chloral.
Chlo"ral*am`ide (?), n.
[Chloral + amide.]
(Chem.) A compound of chloral and formic amide
used to produce sleep.
Chlo"ral*ism (?), n.
(Med.) A morbid condition of the system resulting
from excessive use of chloral.
Chlor`al"um (?), n.
[Chlorine + aluminium.] An
impure aqueous solution of chloride of aluminium, used as an
antiseptic and disinfectant.
Chlor`an"il (?), n.
[Chlorine + aniline.]
(Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance,
C6Cl4.O2, regarded as a derivative of quinone,
obtained by the action of chlorine on certain benzene
derivatives, as aniline.
Chlo"rate (?), n. [Cf. F.
chlorate. See Chlorine.]
(Chem.) A salt of chloric acid; as,
chlorate of potassium.
Chlor`au"rate (?), n.
[Chlorine + aurate.]
(Chem.) See Aurochloride.
Chlor`hy"dric (?), a.
[Chlorine + hydrogen +
-ic.] (Chem.) Same as
Hydrochloric.
Chlor`hy"drin (?), n.
(Chem.) One of a class of compounds formed from
certain polybasic alcohols (and especially glycerin) by the
substitution of chlorine for one or more hydroxyl groups.
Chlo"ric (?), a. [From
Chlorine.] Pertaining to, or obtained from,
chlorine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in which this
element has a valence of five, or the next to its highest;
as, chloric acid, HClO3.
Chloric ether (Chem.), ethylene
dichloride. See Dutch liquid, under
Dutch.
Chlo"ri*date (?), v.t. To treat
or prepare with a chloride, as a plate with chloride of silver,
for the purposes of photography.
R. Hunt.
Chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.)
A binary compound of chlorine with another element or
radical; as, chloride of sodium (common
salt).
Chloride of ammonium, sal ammoniac. --
Chloride of lime, bleaching powder; a grayish
white substance, CaOClcalcium hypochlorite. See
Hypochlorous acid, under Hypochlorous.
-- Mercuric chloride, corrosive
sublimate.
Chlo*rid"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a chloride; containing a chloride.
Chlo"rid*ize (?), v. t. See
Chloridate.
Chlo*rim"e*try (?), n. See
Chlorometry.
Chlo"rin*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chlorinated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chlorinating.] (Chem.) To
treat, or cause to combine, with chlorine.
Chlo`ri*na"tion (?), n. The act
or process of subjecting anything to the action of chlorine;
especially, a process for the extraction of gold by exposure of
the auriferous material to chlorine gas.
Chlo"rine (?), n. [Gr. Yellow.] (Chem.) One of the
elementary substances, commonly isolated as a greenish yellow
gas, two and one half times as heavy as air, of an intensely
disagreeable suffocating odor, and exceedingly poisonous. It is
abundant in nature, the most important compound being common
salt. It is powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting
agent. Symbol Cl. Atomic weight, 35.4.
Chlorine family, the elements fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, and iodine, called the halogens, and
classed together from their common peculiariries.
Chlor`i*od"ic (?), a.
Compounded of chlorine and iodine; containing chlorine and
iodine.
Chlor`i"o*dine (?), n. A
compound of chlorine and iodine. [R.]
Chlo"rite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) The name
of a group of minerals, usually of a green color and micaceous to
granular in structure. They are hydrous silicates of alumina,
iron, and magnesia.
Chlorite slate, a schistose or slaty rock
consisting of alumina, iron, and magnesia.
Chlo"rite, n. [Chlorous +
-ite.] (Chem.) Any salt of
chlorous acid; as, chlorite of sodium.
Chlo*rit"ic (?), a. [From 1st
Chlorite.] Pertaining to, or containing,
chlorite; as, chloritic sand.
Chlor`meth"ane (?), n.
(Chem.) A colorless gas, CH3Cl,
of a sweet odor, easily condensed to a liquid; -- called also
methyl chloride.
<-- Also chloromethane. b. p. -23.7
Chlo"ro- (?). (Chem.) A prefix
denoting that chlorine is an ingredient in the
substance named.
Chlo`ro*cru"o*rin (?), n. [Gr.
cruorin.]
(Physiol.) A green substance, supposed to be the
cause of the green color of the blood in some species of
worms.
Ray Lankester.
Chlo"ro*dyne (?), n. [From
chlorine, in imitation of anodyne.]
(Med.) A patent anodyne medicine, containing
opium, chloroform, Indian hemp, etc.
Chlo"ro*form (?), n.
[Chlorine + formyl, it having been
regarded as a trichloride of this radical: cf. F.
chloroforme, G. chloroform.]
(Chem.) A colorless volatile liquid,
CHCl3, having an ethereal odor and a sweetish
taste, formed by treating alcohol with chlorine and an alkali. It
is a powerful solvent of wax, resin, etc., and is extensively
used to produce an\'91sthesia in surgical operations; also
externally, to alleviate pain.
Chlo"ro*form (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chloroformed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chloroforming.] To treat with
chloroform, or to place under its influence.
Chlo`ro*leu"cite (?), n. [Gr.
leucite.] (Bot.)
Same as Chloroplastid.
Chlo*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Cf. F.
chlorom\'8atre. See Chlorine, and
-meter.] An instrument to test the decoloring
or bleaching power of chloride of lime.
Chlo*rom"e*try (?), n. The
process of testing the bleaching power of any combination of
chlorine.
Chlo*ro"pal (?), n. [Gr. opal.] (Min.) A
massive mineral, greenish in color, and opal-like in appearance.
It is essentially a hydrous silicate of iron.
Chlo`ro*pep"tic (?), a.
[Chlorine + peptic.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Of or pertaining to an acid more
generally called pepsin-hydrochloric acid.
Chlo"ro*phane (?), n. [Gr. chlorophane.]
1. (Min.) A variety of fluor spar,
which, when heated, gives a beautiful emerald green light.
2. (Physiol.) The yellowish green
pigment in the inner segment of the cones of the retina. See
Chromophane.
Chlo"ro*phyll (?), n. [Gr. chlorophylle.]
(Bot.) Literally, leaf green; a green granular
matter formed in the cells of the leaves (and other parts exposed
to light) of plants, to which they owe their green color, and
through which all ordinary assimilation of plant food takes
place. Similar chlorophyll granules have been found in the
tissues of the lower animals. [Written also
chlorophyl.]
Chlo`ro*plas"tid (?), n. [Gr.
plastid.] (Bot.)
A granule of chlorophyll; -- also called
chloroleucite.
Chlo`ro*pla*tin"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) See Platinichloric.
\'d8Chlo*ro"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. chlorose.]
1. (Med.) The green sickness; an
an\'91mic disease of young women, characterized by a greenish or
grayish yellow hue of the skin, weakness, palpitation, etc.
2. (Bot.) A disease in plants, causing
the flowers to turn green or the leaves to lose their normal
green color.
Chlo*rot"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
chlorotique.] Pertaining to, or affected
by, chlorosis.
Chlo"rous (?), a. [See
Chlorine.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or
derived from, chlorine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in
which this element has a valence of three, the next lower than in
chloric compounds; as, chlorous acid,
HClO2.
2. (Chem. Physics) Pertaining to, or
resembling, the electro-negative character of chlorine; hence,
electro-negative; -- opposed to basylous or
zincous. [Obs.]
Chlor`pi"crin (?), n.
(Chem.) A heavy, colorless liquid,
CCl3.NO2, of a strong pungent odor, obtained by
subjecting picric acid to the action of chlorine.
[Written also chloropikrin.]
Chlo"ru*ret (?), n. [Cf. F.
chlorure.] (Chem.) A
chloride. [Obs.]
Choak (?), v. t. & i. See
Choke.
Cho"a*noid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.)
Funnel-shaped; -- applied particularly to a hollow muscle
attached to the ball of the eye in many reptiles and
mammals.
Cho"card (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The chough.
Chock (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chocked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chocking.] To stop or fasten, as with a
wedge, or block; to scotch; as, to chock a wheel or
cask.
Chock, v. i. To fill up, as a
cavity. \'bdThe woodwork . . . exactly chocketh
into joints.\'b8
Fuller.
Chock, n. 1. A wedge, or block
made to fit in any space which it is desired to fill, esp.
something to steady a cask or other body, or prevent it from
moving, by fitting into the space around or beneath it.
2. (Naut.) A heavy casting of metal,
usually fixed near the gunwale. It has two short horn-shaped arms
curving inward, between which ropes or hawsers may pass for
towing, mooring, etc.
Chock, adv. (Naut.) Entirely;
quite; as, chock home; chock
aft.
Chock, v. t. [F. choquer. Cf.
Shock, v. t.] To encounter.
[Obs.]
Chock, n. An encounter.
[Obs.]
Chock"a*block (?), a.
(Naut.) Hoisted as high as the tackle will admit;
brought close together, as the two blocks of a tackle in
hoisting.
Chock"-full` (?), a. Quite
full; choke-full.
Choc"o*late (?), n. [Sp., fr.
the Mexican name of the cacao. Cf. Cacao,
Cocoa.] 1. A paste or cake composed
of the roasted seeds of the Theobroma Cacao ground and
mixed with other ingredients, usually sugar, and cinnamon or
vanilla.
2. The beverage made by dissolving a portion of the
paste or cake in boiling water or milk.
Chocolate house, a house in which customers
may be served with chocolate. -- Chocolate nut.
See Cacao.
Choc"taws (?), n. pl.;
sing. Choctaw. (Ethnol.) A tribe
of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian), in early times
noted for their pursuit of agriculture, and for living at peace
with the white settlers. They are now one of the civilized tribes
of the Indian Territory.
Chode (?), the old imp. of
chide. See Chide.
Chog"set (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Cunner.
<-- p. 251 -->
Choice (?), n. [OE.
chois, OF. chois, F. choix, fr.
choisir to choose; of German origin; cf. Goth.
kausjan to examine, kiusan to choose,
examine, G. kiesen. \'fb46. Cf.
Choose.] 1. Act of choosing; the
voluntary act of selecting or separating from two or more things
that which is preferred; the determination of the mind in
preferring one thing to another; election.
2. The power or opportunity of choosing;
option.
Choice there is not, unless the thing which we take
be so in our power that we might have refused it.
Hooker.
3. Care in selecting; judgment or skill in
distinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giving a
preference; discrimination.
I imagine they [the apothegms of C\'91sar] were collected with
judgment and choice.
Bacon.
4. A sufficient number to choose among.
Shak.
5. The thing or person chosen; that which is
approved and selected in preference to others; selection.
The common wealth is sick of their own choice.
Shak.
6. The best part; that which is preferable.
The flower and choice
Of many provinces from bound to bound.
Milton.
To make a choice of, to choose; to select; to
separate and take in preference.
Syn. - See Volition, Option.
Choice, a. [Compar.
Choicer (?); superl.
Choicest (?).] 1.
Worthly of being chosen or preferred; select; superior;
precious; valuable.
My choicest hours of life are lost.
Swift.
2. Preserving or using with care, as valuable;
frugal; -- used with of; as, to be choice
of time, or of money.
3. Selected with care, and due attention to
preference; deliberately chosen.
Choice word measured phrase.
Wordsworth.
Syn. - Select; precious; exquisite; uncommon; rare; chary;
careful/
Choice"ful (?), a. Making
choices; fickle. [Obs.]
His choiceful sense with every change doth fit.
Spenser.
Choice"ly, adv. 1. With care in
choosing; with nice regard to preference. \'bdA band of men
collected choicely, from each county some.\'b8
Shak.
2. In a preferable or excellent manner;
excellently; eminently. \'bdChoicely good.\'b8
Walton.
Choice"ness, n. The quality of being of
particular value or worth; nicely; excellence.
Choir (?), n. [OE.
quer, OF. cuer, F. ch\'d2ur, fr.
L. chorus a choral dance, chorus, choir, fr. Gr. hortus garden, and E. yard. See
Chorus.] 1. A band or organized
company of singers, especially in church service.
[Formerly written also quire.]
2. That part of a church appropriated to the
singers.
3. (Arch.) The chancel.
Choir organ (Mus.), one of the
three or five distinct organs included in the full organ, each
separable from the rest, but all controlled by one performer; a
portion of the full organ, complete in itself, and more
practicable for ordinary service and in the accompanying of the
vocal choir. -- Choir screen, Choir
wall (Arch.), a screen or low wall
separating the choir from the aisles. -- Choir
service, the service of singing performed by the
choir.
T. Warton.
Choke (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Choked (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Choking.]
[OE. cheken, choken; cf. AS.
\'beceocian to suffocate, Icel. koka to
gulp, E. chincough, cough.]
1. To render unable to breathe by filling, pressing
upon, or squeezing the windpipe; to stifle; to suffocate; to
strangle.
With eager feeding food doth choke the feeder.
Shak.
2. To obstruct by filling up or clogging any
passage; to block up.
Addison.
3. To hinder or check, as growth, expansion,
progress, etc.; to stifle.
Oats and darnel choke the rising corn.
Dryden.
4. To affect with a sense of strangulation by
passion or strong feeling. \'bdI was choked at
this word.\'b8
Swift.
5. To make a choke, as in a cartridge, or in the
bore of the barrel of a shotgun.
To choke off, to stop a person in the
execution of a purpose; as, to choke off a speaker by
uproar.
Choke, v. i. 1. To have the
windpipe stopped; to have a spasm of the throat, caused by
stoppage or irritation of the windpipe; to be strangled.
2. To be checked, as if by choking; to stick.
The words choked in his throat.
Sir W. Scott.
Choke, n. 1. A stoppage or
irritation of the windpipe, producing the feeling of
strangulation.
2. (Gun.) (a) The tied end of a
cartridge. (b) A constriction in the bore of
a shotgun, case of a rocket, etc.
Choke"ber`ry (?), n.
(Bot.) The small apple-shaped or pear-shaped
fruit of an American shrub (Pyrus arbutifolia) growing
in damp thickets; also, the shrub.
Choke"cher`ry (?), n.
(Bot.) The astringent fruit of a species of wild
cherry (Prunus Virginiana); also, the bush or tree
which bears such fruit.
Choke" damp` (?). See Carbonic
acid, under Carbonic.
\'d8Cho`ke*dar" (?), n. [Hindi
chauk\'c6-d\'ber.] A watchman; an officer
of customs or police. [India]
Choke"-full` (?), a. Full to
the brim; quite full; chock-full.
Choke" pear` (?). 1. A kind of
pear that has a rough, astringent taste, and is swallowed with
difficulty, or which contracts the mucous membrane of the
mouth.
2. A sarcasm by which one is put to silence;
anything that can not be answered. [Low]
S. Richardson.
Chok"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, chokes.
2. A stiff wide cravat; a stock.
[Slang]
Choke"-strap` (?), n.
(Saddlery) A strap leading from the bellyband to
the lower part of the collar, to keep the collar in place.
Chok"ing (?), a. 1.
That chokes; producing the feeling of strangulation.
2. Indistinct in utterance, as the voice of a
person affected with strong emotion.
{ Chok"y Chok"ey } (?),
a. 1. Tending to choke or suffocate, or
having power to suffocate.
2. Inclined to choke, as a person affected with
strong emotion. \'bdA deep and choky voice.\'b8
Aytoun.
The allusion to his mother made Tom feel rather
chokey.
T. Hughes.
\'d8Cho*l\'91"ma*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
A disease characterized by severe nervous symptoms,
dependent upon the presence of the constituents of the bile in
the blood.
Chol"a*gogue (?), a. [Gr. cholagogue.] (Med.) Promoting
the discharge of bile from the system. --
n. An agent which promotes the discharge of
bile from the system.
Cho"late (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A salt of cholic acid;
as, sodium cholate.
\'d8Chol`e*cys"tis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.) The gall bladder.
Chol`e*cys*tot"o*my (?), n.
[Cholecystis + Gr.
(Surg.) The operation of making an opening in the
gall bladder, as for the removal of a gallstone.
Chol`e*dol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
-logy. Cf. F.
chol\'82dologie.] (Med.) A
treatise on the bile and bilary organs.
Dunglison.
chol\'82dologie is absolutely barbarous, there being
no Greek word cholology.
Cho*le"ic (?), a. (Physiol.
Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, bile; as,
choleic acid.
Chol"er (?), n. [OE.
coler, F. col\'8are anger, L.
cholera a bilious complaint, fr. Gr. Gall, and cf.
Cholera.] 1. The bile; -- formerly
supposed to be the seat and cause of irascibility.
[Obs.]
His [Richard Hooker's] complexion . . . was sanguine, with a
mixture of choler; and yet his motion was slow.
I. Warton.
2. Irritation of the passions; anger; wrath.
He is rash and very sudden in choler.
Shak.
Chol"er*a (?), n. [L., a
bilious disease. See Choler.] (Med.)
One of several diseases affecting the digestive and
intestinal tract and more or less dangerous to life, esp. the one
commonly called Asiatic cholera.
Asiatic cholera, a malignant and rapidly fatal
disease, originating in Asia and frequently epidemic in the more
filthy sections of other lands, to which the germ or specific
poison may have been carried. It is characterized by diarrhea,
rice-water evacuations, vomiting, cramps, pinched expression, and
lividity, rapidly passing into a state of collapse, followed by
death, or by a stage of reaction of fever. -- Cholera
bacillus. See Comma bacillus. --
Cholera infantum, a dangerous summer disease, of
infants, caused by hot weather, bad air, or poor milk, and
especially fatal in large cities. -- Cholera
morbus, a disease characterized by vomiting and
purging, with gripings and cramps, usually caused by imprudence
in diet or by gastrointestinal disturbance. -- Chicken
cholera. See under Chicken. -- Hog
cholera. See under Hog. -- Sporadic
cholera, a disease somewhat resembling the Asiatic
cholera, but originating where it occurs, and rarely becoming
epidemic.
Chol`er*a"ic (?), a. Relating
to, or resulting from, or resembling, cholera.
Chol"er*ic (?), a. [L.
cholericus, Gr. chol\'82rique.] 1. Abounding with,
or producing choler, or bile.
Dryden.
2. Easily irritated; irascible; inclined to
anger.
3. Angry; indicating anger; excited by anger.
\'bdCholeric speech.\'b8
Sir W. Raleigh.
Choleric temperament, the bilious
temperament.
Chol"er*ic*ly, adv. In a choleric
manner; angrily.
Chol"er*i*form` (?), a.
[Cholera + -form.]
Resembling cholera.
Chol"er*ine (?), n.
(Med.) (a) The precursory symptoms of
cholera. (b) The first stage of epidemic
cholera. (c) A mild form of cholera.
Chol"er*oid, a. [Cholera +
-oid.] Choleriform.
Cho`les*ter"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
cholest\'82rique.] Pertaining to
cholesterin, or obtained from it; as, cholesteric
acid.
Ure.
Cho*les"ter*in (?), n. [Gr. cholest\'82rine. See
Stearin.] (Chem.) A white, fatty,
crystalline substance, tasteless and odorless, found in animal
and plant products and tissue, and especially in nerve tissue, in
the bile, and in gallstones.
{ Cho"li*amb (?), Cho`li*am"bic
(?), } n. [L.
choliambus, Gr.
(Pros.) A verse having an iambus in the fifth
place, and a spondee in the sixth or last.
{ Chol"ic (?), Cho*lin"ic
(?), } a. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or
obtained from, the bile.
Cholic acid (Chem.), a complex
organic acid found as a natural constituent of taurocholic and
glycocholic acids in the bile, and extracted as a resinous
substance, convertible under the influence of ether into white
crystals.
Cho"line (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) See
Neurine.
Chol"o*chrome (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) See
Bilirubin.
Chol`o*ph\'91"in (?), n. [Gr.
(Physiol.) See
Bilirubin.
\'d8Chol"try (?), n. A Hindoo
caravansary.
Chomp (?), v. i. To chew loudly
and greedily; to champ. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.
S.]
Halliwell.
Chon`dri*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
(Physiol.) Formation of, or conversion into,
cartilage.
Chon"dri*fy (?), v. t. & i.
[Gr. -fy.] To convert,
or be converted, into cartilage.
Chon"dri*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)
The chemical basis of cartilage, converted by long boiling
in water into a gelatinous body called chondrin.
Chon*drig"e*nous (?), a. [Gr.
-genous.] (Physiol.)
Affording chondrin.
Chon"drin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A colorless,
amorphous, nitrogenous substance, tasteless and odorless, formed
from cartilaginous tissue by long-continued action of boiling
water. It is similar to gelatin, and is a large ingredient of
commercial gelatin.
Chon"drite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.)
A meteoric stone characterized by the presence of
chondrules.
Chon*drit"ic (?), a.
(Min.) Granular; pertaining to, or having the
granular structure characteristic of, the class of meteorites
called chondrites.
\'d8Chon*dri"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. -itis.]
(Med.) An inflammation of cartilage.
Chon"dro- (?). [Gr. A combining form meaning a
grain, granular, granular cartilage,
cartilaginous; as, the chondrocranium,
the cartilaginous skull of the lower vertebrates and of
embryos.
Chon"dro*dite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.)
A fluosilicate of magnesia and iron, yellow to red in color,
often occurring in granular form in a crystalline
limestone.
\'d8Chon`dro*ga*noi"de*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. ganoidei. See
Ganoid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons; -- so called on account
of their cartilaginous skeleton.
Chon"dro*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Same as Chondrigen.
Chon`dro*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr.
genesis.] (Physiol.)
The development of cartilage.
Chon"droid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Resembling
cartilage.
Chon*drol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F.
chondrologie.] (Anat.) The
science which treats of cartilages.
Dunglison.
\'d8Chon*dro"ma (?), n.; pl.
Chondromata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] A cartilaginous tumor or
growth.
Chon*drom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
-meter.] A steelyard for weighting
grain.
Chon*drop`ter*yg"i*an (?), a.
[Cf. F. chondropterygien.] Having a
cartilaginous skeleton. -- n. One of
the Chondropterygii.
\'d8Chon*drop`te*ryg"i*i (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A group of fishes, characterized by
cartilaginous fins and skeleton. It includes both ganoids
(sturgeons, etc.) and selachians (sharks), but is now often
restricted to the latter. [Written also
Chondropterygia.]
\'d8Chon*dros"te*i (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes, including the
sturgeons; -- so named because the skeleton is
cartilaginous.
Chon*drot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) The dissection of
cartilages.
Chon"drule (?), n. [Dim. from
Gr.
(Min.) A peculiar rounded granule of some
mineral, usually enstatite or chrysolite, found imdedded more or
less aboundantly in the mass of many meteoric stones, which are
hence called chondrites.
Choose (?), v. t.
[imp. Chose (?); p.
p. Chosen (?), Chose (Obs.);
p. pr. & vb. n. Choosing.]
[OE. chesen, cheosen, AS.
ce\'a2san; akin to OS. kiosan, D.
kiezen, G. kiesen, Icel.
kj\'d3sa, Goth. kiusan, L.
gustare to taste, Gr. jush to
enjoy. \'fb46. Cf. Choice, 2d Gust.]
1. To make choice of; to select; to take by way of
preference from two or more objects offered; to elect; as, to
choose the least of two evils.
Choose me for a humble friend.
Pope.
2. To wish; to desire; to prefer.
[Colloq.]
The landlady now returned to know if we did not
choose a more genteel apartment.
Goldsmith.
To choose sides. See under
Side.
Syn. - To select; prefer; elect; adopt; follow.
-- To Choose, Prefer, Elect.
To choose is the generic term, and denotes to take or
fix upon by an act of the will, especially in accordance with a
decision of the judgment. To prefer is to choose or
favor one thing as compared with, and more desirable than,
another, or more in accordance with one's tastes and feelings. To
elect is to choose or select for some office,
employment, use, privilege, etc., especially by the concurrent
vote or voice of a sufficient number of electors. To
choose a profession; to prefer private life
to a public one; to elect members of Congress.
Choose, v. i. 1. To make a
selection; to decide.
They had only to choose between implicit obedience
and open rebellion.
Prescott.
2. To do otherwise. \'bdCan I
choose but smile?\'b8
Pope.
Can not choose but, must
necessarily.
Thou canst not choose but know who I am.
Shak.
Choos"er (?), n. One who
chooses; one who has the power or right of choosing; an
elector.
Burke.
Chop (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chopped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chopping.] [Cf. LG. & D.
kappen, Dan. kappe, Sw. kappa.
Cf. Chap to crack.] 1. To cut by
striking repeatedly with a sharp instrument; to cut into pieces;
to mince; -- often with up.
<-- p. 252 -->
2. To sever or separate by one more blows of a
sharp instrument; to divide; -- usually with off or
down.
Chop off your hand, and it to the king.
Shak.
3. To seize or devour greedily; -- with
up. [Obs.]
Upon the opening of his mouth he drops his breakfast, which
the fox presently chopped up.
L'estrange.
Chop (?), v. i. 1. To
make a quick strike, or repeated strokes, with an ax or other
sharp instrument.
2. To do something suddenly with an unexpected
motion; to catch or attempt to seize.
Out of greediness to get both, he chops at the
shadow, and loses the substance.
L'Estrange.
3. To interrupt; -- with in or
out.
This fellow interrupted the sermon, even suddenly
chopping in.
Latimer.
Chop, v. t. [Cf. D. koopen to
buy. See Cheapen, v. t., and cf.
Chap, v. i., to buy.] 1.
To barter or truck.
2. To exchange; substitute one thing for
another.
We go on chopping and changing our friends.
L'Estrange.
To chop logic, to dispute with an affected use
of logical terms; to argue sophistically.
Chop, v. i. 1. To purchase by
way of truck.
2. (Naut.) To vary or shift suddenly;
as, the wind chops about.
3. To wrangle; to altercate; to bandy words.
Let not the counsel at the bar chop with the
judge.
Bacon.
Chop, n. A change; a vicissitude.
Marryat.
Chop, v. t. & i. To crack. See
Chap, v. t. & i.
Chop, n. 1. The act of
chopping; a stroke.
2. A piece chopped off; a slice or small piece,
especially of meat; as, a mutton chop.
3. A crack or cleft. See Chap.
Chop, n. [See Chap.]
1. A jaw of an animal; -- commonly in the
pl. See Chops.
2. A movable jaw or cheek, as of a wooden
vise.
3. The land at each side of the mouth of a river,
harbor, or channel; as, East Chop or West
Chop. See Chops.
Chop, n. [Chin. & Hind.
ch\'bep stamp, brand.]
1. Quality; brand; as, silk of the first
chop.
2. A permit or clearance.
Chop dollar, a silver dollar stamped to attest
its purity. -- chop of tea, a number of boxes
of the same make and quality of leaf. -- Chowchow
chop. See under Chowchow. -- Grand
chop, a ship's port clearance.
S. W. Williams.
Chop"boat` (?), n. [Chin.
chop sort, quality.] A licensed lighter
employed in the transportation of goods to and from
vessels. [China]
S. W. Williams.
Chop"church` (?), n. [See
Chop to barter.] (Old Eng. Law) An
exchanger or an exchange of benefices. [Cant]
Chop`fall`en (?), a. Having the
lower chop or jaw depressed; hence, crestfallen; dejected;
dispirited;downcast. See Chapfallen.
Chop"house` (?), n. A house
where chops, etc., are sold; an eating house.
The freedom of a chophouse.
W. Irving.
Chop"house`, n. [See Chop
quality.] A customhouse where transit duties are
levied. [China]
S. W. Williams.
Chop"in (?), n. [F.
chopine, fr. G. schoppen.] A
liquid measure formerly used in France and Great Britain, varying
from half a pint to a wine quart.
Chop"in, n. See Chopine.
Cho*pine" (?), n. [Cf. OF.
chapin, escapin, Sp. chapin, Pg.
chapim.] A clog, or patten, having a very
thick sole, or in some cases raised upon a stilt to a height of a
foot or more. [Variously spelt chioppine,
chopin, etc.]
Your ladyship is nearer to heaven than when I saw you last, by
the altitude of a chopine.
Shak.
Chop"-log`ic (?), n. One who
bandies words or is very argunentative.
[Jocular]
Shak.
Chop"ness (?), n. A kind of
spade. [Eng.]
Chop"per (?), n. One who, or
that which, chops.
Chop"ping (?), a. [Cf.
Chubby.] Stout or plump; large.
[Obs.]
Fenton.
Chop"ping, a. [See Chop to
barter.] Shifting or changing suddenly, as the wind;
also, having tumbling waves dashing against each other; as, a
chopping sea.
Chop"ping, n. Act of cutting by
strokes.
Chopping block, a solid block of wood on which
butchers and others chop meat, etc. -- Chopping
knife, a knife for chopping or mincing meat,
vegetables, etc.; -- usually with a handle at the back of the
blade instead of at the end.
Chop"py (?), a. [Cf.
Chappy.] 1. Full of cracks.
\'bdChoppy finger.\'b8
Shak.
2. [Cf. Chop a change.] Rough,
with short, tumultuous waves; as, a choppy
sea.
Chops (?), n. pl. [See
Chop a jaw.] 1. The jaws; also, the
fleshy parts about the mouth.
2. The sides or capes at the mouth of a river,
channel, harbor, or bay; as, the chops of the
English Channel.
Chop"strick" (?), n. One of two
small sticks of wood, ivory, etc., used by the Chinese and
Japanese to convey food to the mouth.
Cho*rag"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to a choragus.
Choragic monument, a building or column built
by a victorious choragus for the reception and exhibition of the
tripod which he received as a prize. Those of Lysicrates and
Thrasyllus are still to be seen at Athens.
\'d8Cho*ra"gus (?), n.; pl.
Choragi (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)
A chorus leader; esp. one who provided at his own expense
and under his own supervision one of the choruses for the musical
contents at Athens.
Cho"ral (?), a. [LL.
choralis, fr. L. chorus. See
Chorus.] Of or pertaining to a choir or
chorus; singing, sung, or adapted to be sung, in chorus or
harmony.
Choral service, a service of song.
Cho"ral, n. (Mus.) A hymn
tune; a simple sacred tune, sung in unison by the congregation;
as, the Lutheran chorals.
[Sometimes written chorale.]
Cho"ral*ist (?), n. A singer or
composer of chorals.
Cho"ral*ly, adv. In the manner of a
chorus; adapted to be sung by a choir; in harmony.
Chord (?), n. [L
chorda a gut, a string made of a gut, Gr. cord. See Cord.] 1. The
string of a musical instrument.
Milton.
2. (Mus.) A combination of tones
simultaneously performed, producing more or less perfect harmony,
as, the common chord.
3. (Geom.) A right line uniting the
extremities of the arc of a circle or curve.
4. (Anat.) A cord. See Cord,
n., 4.
5. (Engin.) The upper or lower part of a
truss, usually horizontal, resisting compression or
tension.
Waddell.
Accidental, Common,
and Vocal chords. See under
Accidental, Common, and Vocal. --
Chord of an arch. See Illust. of
Arch. -- Chord of curvature, a chord
drawn from any point of a curve, in the circle of curvature for
that point. -- Scale of chords. See
Scale.
Chord, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chorded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chording.] To provide with musical
chords or strings; to string; to tune.
When Jubal struck the chorded shell.
Dryden.
Even the solitary old pine tree chords his
harp.
Beecher.
Chord, v. i. (Mus.) To
accord; to harmonize together; as, this note chords
with that.
\'d8Chor"da (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. chorda. See Chord.]
(Anat.) A cord.
\'d8Chorda dorsalis (. [NL.,
lit., cord of the back.] (Anat.) See
Notochord.
Chor"dal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a chord.
\'d8Chor*da"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. chorda cord.]
(Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive division of animals
including all Vertebrata together with the Tunicata, or all those
having a dorsal nervous cord.
Chor*dee" (?), n. [F.
cord\'82, cord\'82e, p. p. of
corder to cord.] (Med.) A
painful erection of the penis, usually with downward curvature,
occurring in gonorrhea.
Chore (?), n. [The same word as
char work done by the day.] A small job; in
the pl., the regular or daily light work of a
household or farm, either within or without doors.
[U. S.]
Chore, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chored (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Choring.] To do chores. [U.
S.]
Chore (?), n. A choir or
chorus. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
\'d8Cho*re"a (?). n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Med.) St. Vitus's dance; a
disease attended with convulsive twitchings and other involuntary
movements of the muscles or limbs.
Cho*ree" (?), n. [F.
chor\'82e.] See Choreus.
{ Cho`re*graph"ic (?),
Cho`re*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to choregraphy.
Cho*reg"ra*phy (?), n. [GR. -graphy.] The art of representing
dancing by signs, as music is represented by notes.
Craig.
Cho*re"ic (?), a. Of the nature
of, or pertaining to, chorea; convulsive.
Cho`re*pis"co*pal (?), a.
Pertaining to a chorepiscopus or his change or
authority.
\'d8Cho`re*pis"co*pus (?), n.;
pl. Chorepiscopi (#). [L.,
fr. Gr. Bishop.] (Eccl.) A \'bdcountry\'b8
or suffragan bishop, appointed in the ancient church by a
diocesan bishop to exercise episcopal jurisdiction in a rural
district.
\'d8Cho*re"us (?), Cho*ree"
(, n. [L. choreus,
Gr. chor\'82e.] (Anc. Pros.) (a)
a trochee. (b) A tribrach.
Cho"ri*amb (?), n.; pl.
Choriambs (. Same as
Choriambus.
Cho`ri*am"bic (?), a. [L.
choriambicus, gr. Pertaining to a
choriamb. -- n. A
choriamb.
Cho`ri*am"bus (?), n.; pl. L.
Choriambi (#), E. Choriambuses
(#). [L. choriambus, Gr. (Anc. Pros.) A
foot consisting of four syllables, of which the first and last
are long, and the other short (- \'de \'de -); that is, a
choreus, or trochee, and an iambus united.
Cho"ric (?), a. [L.
choricus, Gr. Of or pertaining to a
chorus.
I remember a choric ode in the Hecuba.
Coleridge.
\'d8Cho"ri*on (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr.
1. (Anat.) (a) The outer
membrane which invests the fetus in the womb; also, the similar
membrane investing many ova at certain stages of
development. (b) The true skin, or
cutis.
2. (Bot.) The outer membrane of seeds of
plants.
\'d8Cho"ri*sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Bot.) The
separation of a leaf or floral organ into two more parts.
collateral chorisis the parts are side
by side. -- In parallel or median chorisis
they are one in front of another.
Cho"rist (?), n. [F.
choriste.] A singer in a choir; a
chorister. [R.]
Chor"is*ter (?), n. [See
Chorus.] 1. One of a choir; a singer
in a chorus.
Dryden.
2. One who leads a choir in church music.
[U. S.]
Cho*ris"tic (?), a. Choric;
choral. [R.]
Cho"ro*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] An instrument for
constructing triangles in marine surveying, etc.
Cho*rog"ra*pher (?), n. 1.
One who describes or makes a map of a district or
region. \'bdThe chorographers of Italy.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
2. A geographical antiquary; one who investigates
the locality of ancient places.
Cho`ro*graph"ic*al (?), a.
Pertaining to chorography. --
Cho`ro*graph"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Cho*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [L.
chorographia, Gr. the mapping or description of a region or
district.
The chorography of their provinces.
Sir T. Browne.
Cho"roid (?), a. [gr. (Anat.) resembling the
chorion; as, the choroid plexuses of the ventricles
of the brain, and the choroid coat of the
eyeball. -- n. The choroid coat
of the eye. See Eye.
Choroid plexus (Anat.), one of the
delicate fringelike processes, consisting almost entirely of
blood vessels, which project into the ventricles of the
brain.
Cho*roid"al (?), a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to the choroid coat.
Cho*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Biol.) The
science which treats of the laws of distribution of living
organisms over the earth's surface as to latitude, altitude,
locality, etc.
Its distribution or chorology.
Huxley.
Cho*rom"e*try (?), n. [Gr. -metry.] The art of surveying a
region or district.
Cho"rus (?), n.; pl.
Choruses (#). [L., a dance in a
ring, a dance accompanied with song; a chorus, a band of dancers
and singers. Gr. Choir.]
1. (Antiq.) A band of singers and
dancers.
The Grecian tragedy was at first nothing but a
chorus of singers.
Dryden.
2. (Gr. Drama) A company of persons
supposed to behold what passed in the acts of a tragedy, and to
sing the sentiments which the events suggested in couplets or
verses between the acts; also, that which was thus sung by the
chorus.
What the lofty, grave tragedians taught
In chorus or iambic.
Milton.
3. An interpreter in a dumb show or play.
[Obs.]
4. (Mus.) A company of singers singing
in concert.
5. (Mus.) A composition of two or more
parts, each of which is intended to be sung by a number of
voices.
6. (Mus.) Parts of a song or hymn
recurring at intervals, as at the end of stanzas; also, a company
of singers who join with the singer or choir in singer or choir
in singing such parts.
7. The simultaneous of a company in any noisy
demonstration; as, a Chorus of shouts and
catcalls.
Cho"rus, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chorused (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chorusing.] To sing in chorus;
to exclaim simultaneously.
W. D. Howells.
\'d8Chose (?), n.; pl.
Choses (#). [F., fr. L.
causa cause, reason. See Cause.]
(Law) A thing; personal property.
Chose in action, a thing of which one has not
possession or actual enjoyment, but only a right to it, or a
right to demand it by action at law, and which does not exist at
the time in specie; a personal right to a thing not reduced to
possession, but recoverable by suit at law; as a right to recover
money due on a contract, or damages for a tort, which can not be
enforced against a reluctant party without suit. --
Chose in possession, a thing in possession, as
distinguished from a thing in action. --
Chose local, a thing annexed to a place, as a
mill. -- Chose transitory, a thing which is
movable.
Cowell. Blount.
Chose (?), imp. & p. p. of
Choose.
Cho"sen (?), p. p. of
Choose. Selected from a number; picked out;
choice.
Seven hundred chosen men left-handed.
Judg. xx. 16.
Cho"sen, n. One who, or that which is
the object of choice or special favor.
Chou"an (?), n. [F.]
One of the royalist insurgents in western France (Brittany,
etc.), during and after the French revolution.
Chough (?), n. [OE.
choughe, kowe (and cf. OE. ca),
fr. AS. ce\'a2; cf. also D. kauw, OHG.
ch\'beha; perh. akin to E. caw. \'fb22. Cf.
Caddow.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird of the
Crow family (Fregilus graculus) of Europe. It is of a
black color, with a long, slender, curved bill and red legs; --
also called chauk,
chauk-daw, chocard,
Cornish chough, red-legged
crow. The name is also applied to several allied birds,
as the Alpine chough.
Cornish chough (Her.), a bird
represented black, with red feet, and beak; -- called also
aylet and sea
swallow.
\'d8Chou"i*cha (?), n. [Native
name] (Zo\'94l.) The salmon of the Columbia
River or California. See Quinnat.
\'d8Chou"ka (?), n. [Native
name] (Zo\'94l.) The Indian four-horned
antelope; the chikara.
Choule (?), n. [Obs.]
See Jowl.
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8Choul"try (?), n. See
Choltry.
Chouse (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Choused
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chousing.] [From Turk.
ch\'be\'d4sh a messenger or interpreter, one of whom,
attached to the Turkish embassy, in 1609 cheated the Turkish
merchants resident in England out of \'9c4,000.] To
cheat, trick, defraud; -- followed by of, or out
of; as, to chouse one out of his
money. [Colloq.]
The undertaker of the afore-cited poesy hath
choused your highness.
Landor.
Chouse, n. 1. One who is easily
cheated; a tool; a simpleton; a gull.
Hudibras.
2. A trick; sham; imposition.
Johnson.
3. A swindler.
B. Jonson.
\'d8Chout (?), n. [Mahratta
chauth one fourth part.] An assessment
equal to a fourth part of the revenue. [India]
J. Mill.
Chow"chow` (?), a.
[Chin.] Consisting of several kinds mingled
together; mixed; as, chowchow sweetmeats (preserved
fruits put together).
<-- p. 253 -->
Chowchow chop, the last lighter containing the
small sundry packages sent off to fill up a ship.
S. W. Williams.
Chow"chow` (?), n. (Com.)
A kind of mixed pickles.
Chow"der (?), n. [F.
chaudi\'8are a kettle, a pot. Cf.
Caldron.] 1. (Cookery) A
dish made of fresh fish or clams, biscuit, onions, etc., stewed
together.
2. A seller of fish. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Chowder beer, a liquor made by boiling black
spruce in water and mixing molasses with the decoction.
Chow"der, v. t. To make a chowder
of.
\'d8Chow"ry (?), n. [Hind.
chaunri.] A whisk to keep off files, used
in the East Indies.
Malcom.
Chow"ter (?), v. t. [Cf. OE.
chowre, and Prov. E. chow, to
grumble.] To grumble or mutter like a froward
child. [Obs.]
E. Phillips.
Choy" root` (?). See Chay
root.
Chre`ma*tis"tics (?), n. [Gr.
The science of wealth; the science, or a
branch of the science, of political economy.
Chre`o*tech"nics (?), n. [Gr.
The science of the useful arts,
esp. agriculture, manufactures, and commerce.
[R.]
Chres`to*math"ic (?), a.
Teaching what is useful. \'bdA
chrestomathic school.\'b8
Southey.
Chres*tom"a*thy (?), n. [Gr.
A selection of
passages, with notes, etc., to be used in acquiring a language;
as, a Hebrew chrestomathy.
Chrism (?), n. [OE.
crisme, from AS. crisma; also OE.
creme, fr. OF. cresme, like the AS. word
fr. LL. chrisma, fr. Gr. friare, fricare, to rub, Skr.
gharsh, E. friable, friction.
Cf. Chrisom.] (Gr. & R. C. Church
1. Olive oil mixed with balm and spices,
consecrated by the bishop on Maundy Thursday, and used in the
administration of baptism, confirmation, ordination, etc.
2. The same as Chrisom.
Chris"mal (?), a. [LL.
chrismalis.] Of or pertaining to or used in
chrism.
Chris*ma"tion (?), n. [LL.
chrismatio.] The act of applying the
chrism, or consecrated oil.
Chrismation or cross-signing with ointment, was
used in baptism.
Jer. Taylor.
Chris"ma*to*ry (?), n. [LL.
chrismatorium.] A cruet or vessel in which
chrism is kept.
Chris"om (?), n. [See
Chrism.]
1. A white cloth, anointed with chrism, or a white
mantle thrown over a child when baptized or christened.
[Obs.]
2. A child which died within a month after its
baptism; -- so called from the chrisom cloth which was used as a
shroud for it. [Obs.]
Blount.
Christ (?), n. [L.
Christus, Gr. chri`ein to anoint. See Chrism.]
The Anointed; an appellation given to Jesus, the
Savior. It is synonymous with the Hebrew Messiah.
Christ"cross` (?), n. 1.
The mark of the cross, as cut, painted, written, or stamped
on certain objects, -- sometimes as the sign of 12 o'clock on a
dial.
The fescue of the dial is upon the christcross of
noon.
Old Play. Nares.
2. The beginning and the ending.
[Obs.]
Quarles.
Christ"cross-row` (?), The alphabet; --
formerly so called, either from the cross usually set before it,
or from a superstitious custom, sometimes practiced, of writing
it in the form of a cross, by way of a charm.
From infant conning of the Christcross-row.
Wordsworth.
Chris"ten (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Christened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Christening.] [AS. cristnian
to make a Christian, fr. cristen a Christian.]
1. To baptize and give a Christian name to.
2. To give a name; to denominate.
\'bdChristen the thing what you will.\'b8
Bp. Burnet.
3. To Christianize. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
4. To use for the first time.
[Colloq.]
Chris"ten*dom (?), n. [AS.
cristend; cristen a Christian +
-dom.] 1. The profession of faith
in Christ by baptism; hence, the Christian religion, or the
adoption of it. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. The name received at baptism; or, more
generally, any name or appelation. [Obs.]
Pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms.
Shak.
3. That portion of the world in which Christianity
prevails, or which is governed under Christian institutions, in
distinction from heathen or Mohammedan lands.
The Arian doctrine which then divided
Christendom.
Milton
A wide and still widening Christendom.
Coleridge.
4. The whole body of Christians.
Hooker.
Chris"tian (?), n. [L.
christianus, Gr. cristen. See
Christ.]
1. One who believes, or professes or is assumed to
believe, in Jesus Christ, and the truth as taught by Him;
especially, one whose inward and outward life is conformed to the
doctrines of Christ.
The disciples were called Christians first in
Antioch.
Acts xi. 26.
2. One born in a Christian country or of Christian
parents, and who has not definitely becomes an adherent of an
opposing system.
3. (Eccl.) (a) One of a
Christian denomination which rejects human creeds as bases of
fellowship, and sectarian names. They are congregational in
church government, and baptize by immersion. They are also called
Disciples of Christ, and
Campbellites. (b) One of a
sect (called Christian Connection) of
open-communion immersionists. The Bible is their only
authoritative rule of faith and practice.
kr\'c6s"chan.
Chris"tian (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to Christ or his religion; as,
Christian people.
3. Pertaining to the church; ecclesiastical;
as, a Christian court.
Blackstone.
4. Characteristic of Christian people; civilized;
kind; kindly; gentle; beneficent.
The graceful tact; the Christian art.
Tennyson.
Christian Commission. See under
Commission. -- Christian court. Same
as Ecclesiastical court. -- Christian
era, the present era, commencing with the birth of
Christ. It is supposed that owing to an error of a monk
(Dionysius Exiguus, d. about 556) employed to calculate the era,
its commencement was fixed three or four years too late, so that
1890 should be 1893 or 1894. -- Christian name,
the name given in baptism, as distinct from the family name,
or surname.
Chris`tian*ism (?), n. [L.
christianismus, Gr. christianisme.] 1. The Christian
religion. [Obs.]
Milton.
2. The Christian world; Christendom.
[Obs.]
Johnson
Chris"tian*ite (?), n. [In
sense (a) named after Christian Frederic,
of Denmark; in sense (b) after Christian
VII., of Denmark.] (Min.) (a) Same
as Anorthite. [R.] (b)
See Phillipsite.
Chris*tian"i*ty (?), n. [OE.
cristiente, OF. cristient\'82, F.
chr\'82tient\'82, fr. L. christianitas.
]
1. The religion of Christians; the system of
doctrines and precepts taught by Christ.
2. Practical conformity of one's inward and outward
life to the spirit of the Christian religion
3. The body of Christian believers.
[Obs.]
To Walys fled the christianitee
Of olde Britons.
Chaucer.
Chris`tian*i*za"tion (?), n.
The act or process of converting or being converted to a
true Christianity.
Chris"tian*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Christianized
(; p. pr. vb. n.
Christianizing.] [Cf. F.
christianiser, L. christianizare, fr. Gr.
1. To make Christian; to convert to Christianity;
as, to Christianize pagans.
2. To imbue with or adapt to Christian
principles.
Christianized philosophers.
I. Taylor.
Chris"tian*ize, v. i. To adopt the
character or belief of a Christian; to become Christian.
The pagans began to Christianize.
Latham.
Chris"tian*like` (?), a.
Becoming to a Christian.
A virtuous and a Christianlike conclusion.
Shak.
Chris"tian*ly, adv. In a manner becoming
the principles of the Christian religion.
Sufferings . . . patiently and Christianly
borne.
Sharp.
Chris"tian*ly, a. Christianlike.
Longfellow.
Chris"tian*ness, n. Consonance with the
doctrines of Christianity. [Obs.]
Hammond.
Christ"less (?), a. Without
faith in Christ; unchristian.
Tennyson.
Christ"like` (?), a. Resembling
Christ in character, actions, etc. --
Christ"like`ness, n.
Christ"ly, a. Christlike.
H. Bushnell.
Christ"mas (?), n.
[Christ + mass.] An annual
church festival (December 25) and in some States a legal holiday,
in memory of the birth of Christ, often celebrated by a
particular church service, and also by special gifts, greetings,
and hospitality.
Christmas box. (a) A box in which
presents are deposited at Christmas. (b) A
present or small gratuity given to young people and servants at
Christmas; a Christmas gift. -- Christmas
carol, a carol sung at, or suitable for,
Christmas. -- Christmas day. Same as
Christmas. -- Christmas eve, the
evening before Christmas. -- Christmas fern
(Bot.), an evergreen North American fern
(Aspidium acrostichoides), which is much used for
decoration in winter. -- Christmas flower,
Christmas rose, the black hellebore, a
poisonous plant of the buttercup family, which in Southern Europe
often produces beautiful roselike flowers midwinter. --
Christmas tree, a small evergreen tree, set up
indoors, to be decorated with bonbons, presents, etc., and
illuminated on Christmas eve.
Christ"mas*tide` (?), n.
[Christmas + tide time.]
The season of Christmas.
Chris"to*cen"tric (?), a.
[Christ + centric.] Making
Christ the center, about whom all things are grouped, as in
religion or history; tending toward Christ, as the central object
of thought or emotion.
J. W. Chadwick.
Chris*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Crist + -logy.] A treatise
on Christ; that department of theology which treats of the
personality, attributes, or life of Christ.
Chris"tom (?), n. See
Chrisom. [Obs.]
Shak.
Chris*toph"a*ny (?), n.
[Christ + Gr. An
appearance of Christ, as to his disciples after the
crucifixion.
Christ's-thorn` (?), n.
(Bot.) One of several prickly or thorny shrubs
found in Palestine, especially the Paliurus aculeatus,
Zizyphus Spina-Christi, and Z. vulgaris.
The last bears the fruit called jujube, and may be
considered to have been the most readily obtainable for the Crown
of Thorns.
Chro"ma*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An instrument for showing
the optical effects of color.
Chro"mate (?), n. [Cf. F.
chromate. See Chrome.]
(Chem.) A salt of chromic acid.
Chro*mat"ic (?), a. [L.
chromaticus, Gr.
1. Relating to color, or to colors.
2. (Mus.) Proceeding by the smaller
intervals (half steps or semitones) of the scale, instead of the
regular intervals of the diatonic scale.
Chromatic aberration. (Opt.) See
Aberration, 4. -- Chromatic
printing, printing from type or blocks covered with
inks of various colors. -- Chromatic scale
(Mus.), the scale consisting of thirteen tones,
including the eight scale tones and the five intermediate
tones.
Chro*mat"ic*al (?), a.
Chromatic. [Obs.]
Chro*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a chromatic
manner.
Chro*mat"ics (?), n. The
science of colors; that part of optics which treats of the
properties of colors.
Chro"ma*tin (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) Tissue which is
capable of being stained by dyes.
Chro"ma*tism (?), n. [Gr.
1. (Optics) The state of being colored,
as in the case of images formed by a lens.
2. (Bot.) An abnormal coloring of
plants.
Chro`ma*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr.
-genous.] Producing
color.
Chro`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
-graphy.] A treatise on
colors
Chro`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
-logy.] A treatise on
colors.
Chro"ma*to*phore` (?), n. [Gr.
1.
(Zo\'94l.) A contractile cell or vesicle
containing liquid pigment and capable of changing its form or
size, thus causing changes of color in the translucent skin of
such animals as possess them. They are highly developed and
numerous in the cephalopods.
2. (Bot.) One of the granules of
protoplasm, which in mass give color to the part of the plant
containing them.
Chro"ma*to*scope` (?), n. [Gr.
-scope.] (Astron.)
A reflecting telescope, part of which is made to rotate
eccentrically, so as to produce a ringlike image of a star,
instead of a point; -- used in studying the scintillation of the
stars.
Chro"ma*to*sphere` (?), n. A
chromosphere. [R.]
Chro"ma*trope (?), n. [Gr. 1.
(Physics) An instrument for exhibiting certain
chromatic effects of light (depending upon the persistence of
vision and mixture of colors) by means of rapidly rotating disks
variously colored.
2. A device in a magic lantern or stereopticon to
produce kaleidoscopic effects.
Chro"ma*type (?), n. [Gr.
1. (Photog.) A colored photographic
picture taken upon paper made sensitive with potassium bichromate
or some other salt of chromium.
2. The process by which such picture is made.
Chrome (?), n. Same as
Chromium.
Chrome alum (Chem.), a dark violet
substance, (SO4)3Cr2.K2SO4.24H2O, analogous to,
and crystallizing like, common alum. It is regarded as a double
sulphate of chromium and potassium. -- Chrome
green (a) The green oxide of chromium,
Cr2O3, used in enamel painting, and glass
staining. (b) A pigment made by mixing chrome
yellow with Prussian blue. -- Chrome red, a
beautiful red pigment originally prepared from the basic chromate
of lead, but now made from red oxide of lead. -- Chrome
yellow, a brilliant yellow pigment,
PbCrO4, used by painters.
Chro"mic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, chromium; -- said of the
compounds of chromium in which it has its higher valence.
Chromic acid, an acid,
H2CrO4, analogous to sulphuric acid, not readily
obtained in the free state, but forming well known salts, many of
which are colored pigments, as chrome yellow, chrome red,
etc. -- Chromic anhydride, a brilliant red
crystalline substance, CrO3, regarded as the
anhydride of chromic acid. It is one of the most powerful
oxidizers known.
Chro"mid (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Chromid\'91, a family of fresh-water fishes abundant
in the tropical parts of America and Africa. Some are valuable
food fishes, as the bulti of the Nile.
\'d8Chro`mi*dro"sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Med.) Secretion of abnormally colored
perspiration.
Chro"mism (?), n. Same as
Chromatism.
Chro"mite (?), n. 1.
(Min.) A black submetallic mineral consisting of
oxide of chromium and iron; -- called also chromic
iron.
2. (Chem.) A compound or salt of
chromous hydroxide regarded as an acid. [R.]
Chro"mi*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Chem.) A comparatively
rare element occurring most abundantly in the mineral chromite.
Atomic weight 52.5. Symbol Cr. When isolated it is a hard,
brittle, grayish white metal, fusible with difficulty. Its chief
commercial importance is for its compounds, as potassium
chromate, lead chromate, etc., which are brilliantly colored and
are used dyeing and calico printing. Called also
chrome.
<-- used as an ingredient in stainless steel, or chrome steel.
The yellow pigments are also used in paints, as in painting
yellow stripes on macadam highways. -->
Chro"mo (?), n.; pl.
Chromos (#). [Abbrev. from
chromolithograph.] A
chromolithograph.
Chro"mo*blast (?), n. [Gr. -blast.] An embryonic cell which
develops into a pigment cell.
Chro"mo*gen (?), [Gr. -gen.]
1. (Biol.) Vegetable coloring matter
other than green; chromule.
2. (Chem.) Any colored compound,
supposed to contain one or more chromophores.
Chro"mo*gen"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Containing, or capable of forming,
chromogen; as, chromogenic bacteria.
Chro"mo*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] An apparatus by which a
number of copies of written matter, maps, plans, etc., can be
made; -- called also hectograph.
<-- p. 254 -->
Chro`mo*leu"cite (?), n. [Gr.
leucite.] (Bot.)
A chromoplastid.
Chro`mo*lith"o*graph (?), n.
[Gr. lithograph.] A
picture printed in tints and colors by repeated impressions from
a series of stones prepared by the lithographic process.
Chro`mo*li*thog"ra*pher (?), n.
One who is engaged in chromolithography.
Chro"mo*lith`o*graph"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or made by, chromolithography.
Chro"mo*li*thoh"ra*phy (?), n.
Lithography adapted to printing in inks of various
colors.
Chro"mo*phane (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) A general
name for the several coloring matters, red, green, yellow, etc.,
present in the inner segments in the cones of the retina, held in
solution by fats, and slowly decolorized by light; distinct from
the photochemical pigments of the rods of the retina.
Chro"mo*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) Any chemical
group or residue (as NO
Chro`mo*pho*tog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Gr. photography.] The
art of producing photographs in colors.
Chro"mo*pho`to*lith"o*graph (?), n.
A photolithograph printed in colors.
Chro`mo*plas"tid (?), n. [Gr.
plastid.] (Bot.) A
protoplasmic granule of some other color than green; -- also
called chromoleucite.
Chro"mo*some` (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) One of the
minute bodies into which the chromatin of the nucleus is resolved
during mitotic cell division; the idant of
Weismann.
Chro"mo*sphere (?), n. [Gr. sphere.] (Astron.) An
atmosphere of rare matter, composed principally of incandescent
hydrogen gas, surrounding the sun and enveloping the photosphere.
Portions of the chromosphere are here and there thrown up into
enormous tongues of flame.
Chro`mo*spher"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the chromosphere.
Chro"mo*type (?), n. [Gr. -type.] 1. A sheet printed
in colors by any process, as a chromolithograph. See
Chromolithograph.
2. A photographic picture in the natural
colors.
Chro"mous (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or derived from, chromium, when this element has a
valence lower than that in chromic compounds.
Chromous acid, a bluish gray powder, CrO.OH,
of weak acid properties and regard as an acid.
Chro"mule (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A general name
for coloring matter of plants other than chlorophyll, especially
that of petals.
Chron"ic (?), a. [L.
chronicus, Gr. chronique.] 1. Relating to
time; according to time.
2. Continuing for a long time; lingering;
habitual.
Chronic disease, one which is inveterate, of
long continuance, or progresses slowly, in distinction from an
acute disease, which speedly terminates.
Chron"ic*al (?), a.
Chronic.
Partly on a chronical, and partly on a topical
method.
J. A. Alexander.
Chron"i*cle (?), n. [OE.
cronicle, fr. cronique, OF.
cronique, F. chronique, L.
chronica, fr. Gr. Chronic.] 1. An historical register
or account of facts or events disposed in the order of
time.
2. A narrative of events; a history; a
record.
3. pl. The two canonical books of the
Old Testament in which immediately follow 2 Kings.
Syn. - Register; record; annals. See History.
Chron"i*cle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chronicled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chronicling (?).] To
record in a history or chronicle; to record; to register.
Shak.
Chron"i*cler (?), n. A writer
of a chronicle; a recorder of events in the order of time; an
historian.
Such an honest chronicler as Griffith.
Shak.
\'d8Chro`nique" (?), n. [F. See
Chronicle.] A chronicle.
L. Addison.
Chron"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. chronogramme.] 1. An inscription
in which certain numeral letters, made to appear specially
conspicuous, on being added together, express a particular date
or epoch, as in the motto of a medal struck by Gustavus
Adolphus in 1632:
ChrIstVs DVX; ergo trIVMphVs.
- the capitals of which give, when added as numerals, the sum
1632.
2. The record or inscription made by a
chronograph.
{ Chron`o*gram*mat"ic (?),
Chron`o*gram*mat"ic*al (?), }
a. [Cf. F. chronogrammatique.]
Belonging to a chronogram, or containing one.
Chron`o*gram"ma*tist (?), n. A
writer of chronograms.
Chron"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph: cf. F. chronographe.]
1. An instrument for measuring or recording
intervals of time, upon a revolving drum or strip of paper moved
by clockwork. The action of the stylus or pen is controlled by
electricity.
2. Same as Chronogram, 1.
[R.]
3. A chronoscope.
Chro*nog"ra*pher (?), n. One
who writes a chronography; a chronologer.
Tooke.
Chron`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a chronograph.
Chro*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
Chronograph.] A description or
record of past time; history. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Chro*nol"o*ger (?), n. Same as
Chronologist.
{ Chron`o*log"ic (?),
Chron`o*log"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. Relating to chronology; containing an
account of events in the order of time; according to the order of
time; as, chronological tables.
Raleigh. -- Chron`o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
{ Chro*nol"o*gist (?),
Chro*nol"o*ger (?) }, n.
[Gr. A person who investigates dates of
events and transactions; one skilled in chronology.
That learned noise and dust of the chronologist is
wholly to be avoided.
Locke.
THe most exact chronologers tell us that Christ was
born in October, and not in December.
John Knox.
Chro*nol"o*gy (?), n.; pl.
Chronologies (#). [Gr. chronologie.]
The science which treats of measuring time by regular
divisions or periods, and which assigns to events or transactions
their proper dates.
If history without chronology is dark and confused,
chronology without history is dry and insipid.
A. Holmes.
Chro*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F.
chronom\'8atre.] 1. An instrument
for measuring time; a timekeeper.
2. A portable timekeeper, with a heavy compensation
balance, and usually beating half seconds; -- intended to keep
time with great accuracy for use an astronomical observations, in
determining longitude, etc.
3. (Mus.) A metronome.
Box chronometer. See under Box.
-- Pocket chronometer, a chronometer in the form
of a large watch. -- To rate a chronometer.
See Rate, v. t.
{ Chron`o*met"ric (?),
Chron`o*met"ric*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. chronom\'82trique.] Pertaining
to a chronometer; measured by a chronometer.
Chro*nom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F.
chronom\'82trie.] The art of measuring
time; the measuring of time by periods or divisions.
Chron"o*pher (?), n. [Gr. An instrument signaling the
correct time to distant points by electricity.
Chron"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An instrument for measuring
minute intervals of time; used in determining the velocity of
projectiles, the duration of short-lived luminous phenomena,
etc.
Chrys"a*lid (?), a. Pertaining
to a chrysalis; resembling a chrysalis.
Chrys"a*lid, n.; pl.
Chrysalids. See Chrysalis.
Chrys"a*lis (?), n.; pl.
Chrysalides (#). [L.
chrysallis the gold-colored pupa of butterflies, Gr.
Aurelia.]
(Zo\'94l.) The pupa state of certain insects,
esp. of butterflies, from which the perfect insect emerges. See
Pupa, and Aurelia (a).
Chrys*an"i*line (?), n. [Gr.
anilene.] (Chem.)
A yellow substance obtained as a by-product in the
manufacture of rosaniline. It dyes silk a fine golden-yellow
color.
Chrys*an"the*mum (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. (Bot.)
A genus of composite plants, mostly perennial, and of many
species including the many varieties of garden chrysanthemums
(annual and perennial), and also the feverfew and the oxeye
daisy.
Chrys`a*ro"bin (?), n. [Gr. araroba a foreign name of Goa powder +
-in.] (Chem.) A bitter, yellow
substance forming the essential constituent of Goa powder, and
yielding chrysophanic acid proper; hence formerly called also
chrysphanic acid.
Chrys*au"rin (?), n. [Gr. aurum gold. So called from its color.]
An orange-colored dyestuff, of artificial production.
Chrys`el*e*phan"tine (?), a.
[Gr. Composed of, or adorned with, gold and
ivory.
chryselephantine statues of the
Greeks were built up with inferior materials, veneered, as it
were, with ivory for the flesh, and gold decorated with color for
the hair and garments.
Chry"sene (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) One of the higher aromatic
hydrocarbons of coal tar, allied to napthalene and anthracene. It
is a white crystalline substance, C18H12, of
strong blue fluorescence, but generally colored yellow by
impurities.
Chrys"o*ber`yl (?), n. [L.
chrysoberyllus, Gr.
(Min.) A mineral, found in crystals, of a yellow
to green or brown color, and consisting of aluminia and glucina.
It is very hard, and is often used as a gem.
Chrys"o*chlore (?), n. [Gr. chrysochlore.]
(Zo\'94l.) A South African mole of the genus
Chrysochloris; the golden mole, the fur of which
reflects brilliant metallic hues of green and gold.
Chrys"o*col`la (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr.
(Min.) A hydrous silicate of copper, occurring
massive, of a blue or greenish blue color.
Chrys"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Chem.) A yellow
crystalline substance extracted from crude anthracene.
Chry*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
1. The art of
writing in letters of gold.
2. A writing executed in letters of gold.
Chrys*o"\'8b*dine (?), n. [Gr.
-oid + -ine.]
(Chem.) An artificial, yellow, crystalline dye,
C6H5N2.C6H3(NH2)2. Also, one of a group of
dyestuffs resembling chryso\'8bdine proper.
Chrys"o*lite (?), n. [L.
chrysolithos, Gr. chrysolithe.] (Min.) A mineral,
composed of silica, magnesia, and iron, of a yellow to green
color. It is common in certain volcanic rocks; -- called also
olivine and peridot.
Sometimes used as a gem. The name was also early used for yellow
varieties of tourmaline and topaz.
Chry*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] That branch of political
economy which relates to the production of wealth.
\'d8Chrys*o"pa (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of neuropterous insects. See
Lacewing.
Chrys"o*phane (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A glucoside
extracted from rhubarb as a bitter, yellow, crystalline powder,
and yielding chrysophanic acid on decomposition.
Chrys`o*phan"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, or resembling,
chrysophane.
Chrysophanic acid (Chem.), a yellow
crystalline substance extracted from rhubarb, yellow dock,
sienna, chrysarobin, etc., and shown to be a derivative of an
anthracene. It is used in the treatment of skin diseases; --
called also rhein, rheic
acid, rhubarbarin, etc.
Chrys"o*prase (?), n. [OE.
crisopace, OF. crisoprace, F.
chrysoprase, L. chrysoprasus, fr. Gr. (Min.) An apple-green
variety of chalcedony, colored by nickel. It has a dull flinty
luster, and is sometimes used in jewelry.
\'d8Chry*sop"ra*sus (?), n.
[L.] See Chrysoprase.
Rev. xxi. 20.
Chrys"o*sperm (?), n. [Gr. The seed of gold; a means of
creating gold. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Chrys"o*type (?), n. [Gr. -type.] 1. A photographic
picture taken upon paper prepared by the use of a sensitive salt
of iron and developed by the application of chloride of
gold.
Abney.
2. 2process, invented by Sir J.Herschel.
Chthon"ic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to the earth; earthy;
as, chthonic religions.
[The] chthonic character of the wife of Zeus.
Max M\'81ller.
{ \'d8Chthon`o*pha"gi*a (?),
Chtho*noph"a*gy (?), } n.
[NL. chthonophagia; Gr. A disease characterized by an irresistible
desire to eat earth, observed in some parts of the southern
United States, the West Indies, etc.
Chub (?), n. [This word seems
to signify a large or thick fish. Cf. Sw. kubb a short
and thick piece of wood, and perh. F. chabot
chub.] (Zo\'94l.) A species to fresh-water
fish of the Cyprinid\'91 or Carp family. The common
European species is Leuciscus cephalus; the cheven. In
America the name is applied to various fishes of the same family,
of the genera Semotilus, Squalius,
Ceratichthys, etc., and locally to several very
different fishes, as the tautog, black
bass, etc.
Chub mackerel (Zo\'94l.), a species
of mackerel (Scomber colias) in some years found in
abundance on the Atlantic coast, but absent in others; -- called
also bull mackerel,
thimble-eye, and big-eye
mackerel. -- Chub sucker
(Zo\'94l.), a fresh-water fish of the United
States (Erimyzon sucetta); -- called also
creekfish.
Chub"bed (?), a. Chubby.
[R.]
H. Brooke.
Chub"bed*ness, n. The state of being
chubby.
Chub"by (?), a. Like a chub;
plump, short, and thick. \'bdChubby faces.\'b8
I. Taylor.
Chub"-faced` (?), a. Having a
plump, short face.
Chuck (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Chucked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chucking.] [Imitative of the
sound.] 1. To make a noise resembling that of
a hen when she calls her chickens; to cluck.
2. To chuckle; to laugh. [R.]
Marston.
Chuck, v. t. To call, as a hen her
chickens.
Dryden.
Chuck, n. 1. The chuck or call
of a hen.
2. A sudden, small noise.
3. A word of endearment; -- corrupted from
chick. \'bdPray, chuck, come
hither.\'b8
Shak.
Chuck, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chucked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chucking.] [F.
choquer to strike. Cf. Shock, v.
t.] 1. To strike gently; to give a
gentle blow to.
Chucked the barmaid under the chin.
W. Irving.
2. To toss or throw smartly out of the hand; to
pitch. [Colloq.] \'bdMahomet Ali will just be
chucked into the Nile.\'b8
Lord Palmerson.
3. (Mech.) To place in a chuck, or hold
by means of a chuck, as in turning; to bore or turn (a hole) in a
revolving piece held in a chuck.
Chuck, n. 1. A slight blow or
pat under the chin.
2. A short throw; a toss.
3. (Mach.) A contrivance or machine
fixed to the mandrel of a lathe, for holding a tool or the
material to be operated upon.
<-- p. 255 -->
Chuck farthing, a play in which a farthing is
pitched into a hole; pitch farthing. -- Chuck
hole, a deep hole in a wagon rut. -- Elliptic
chuck, a chuck having a silder and an eccentric circle,
which, as the work turns round, give it a sliding motion across
the center which generates an ellipse.
Knight.
Chuck (?), n. 1. A
small pebble; -- called also chuckstone and
chuckiestone. [Scot.]
2. pl. A game played with chucks, in
which one or more are tossed up and caught; jackstones.
[Scot.]
Chuck, n. A piece of the backbone of an
animal, from between the neck and the collar bone, with the
adjoining parts, cut for cooking; as, a chuck steak;
a chuck roast. [Colloq.]
Chuc"kle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chuckled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chuckling
(?).] [From lst Chuck.]
1. To call, as a hen her chickens; to cluck.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
2. To fondle; to cocker. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Chuc"kle, n. A short, suppressed laugh;
the expression of satisfaction, exultation, or derision.
Chuc"kle, v. i. [From lst
Chuck.] To laugh in a suppressed or broken
manner, as expressing inward satisfaction, exultation, or
derision.
Chuc"kle*head` (?), n. A person
with a large head; a numskull; a dunce. [Low]
Knowles.
Chuc"kle*head`ed, a. Having a large
head; thickheaded; dull; stupid.
Smart.
Chuck`-Will's-wid"ow (?), n.
(Zool.) A species of goatsucker (Antrostomus
Carolinensis), of the southern United States; -- so called
from its note.
Chud (?), v. t. [Cf.
Chew, Cud.] To champ; to bite.
[Obs.]
A. Stafford.
Chu"et (?), n. [From
Chew, v. t.] Minced meat.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
\'d8Chu"fa (?), n. [Sp.]
(Bot.) A sedgelike plant (Cyperus
esculentus) producing edible tubers, native about the
Mediterranean, now cultivated in many regions; the earth
almond.
Chuff (?), n. [Perh. a
modification of chub: cf. W. cyff stock,
stump.] A coarse or stupid fellow.
Shak.
Chuff, a. Stupid; churlish.
[Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Chuff"i*ly (?), adv.
Clownishly; surlily.
Chuff"i*ness, n. The quality of being
chuffy.
Chuff"y (?), a. 1. Fat
or puffed out in the cheeks.
2. Rough; clownish; surly.
Chu"lan (?), n. (Bot.)
The fragrant flowers of the Chloranthus
inconspicuus, used in China for perfuming tea.
Chum (?), n. [Perh. a
contraction fr. comrade or chamber fellow:
cf. also AS. cuma a comer, guest.] A
roommate, especially in a college or university; an old and
intimate friend.
Chum, v. i. [imp. p. p.
Chummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chumming.] To occupy a chamber with
another; as, to chum together at college.
[U. S.]
Chum, n. Chopped pieces of fish used as
bait. [U. S.]
Chump (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
kumbr a chopping, E. chop.] A
short, thick, heavy piece of wood.
Morton.
Chump end, the thick end; as, the chump
end of a joint of meat.
Dickens.
\'d8Chu*nam" (?), n. [Hind.
ch\'d4n\'be, from Skr. c\'d4r\'c9a powder,
dust; or a Dravidian word.] Quicklime; also, plaster
or mortar. [India]
Whitworth.
Chunk (?), n. [Cf.
Chump.] A short, thick piece of
anything. [Colloq. U. S. & Prov. Eng.]
Chunk"y (?), a. Short and
thick. [U. S.]
Kane.
Church (?), n. [OE.
chirche, chireche, cherche,
Scot. kirk, from AS. circe,
cyrice; akin to D. kerk, Icel.
kirkja, Sw. kyrka, Dan. kirke,
G. kirche, OHG. chirihha; all fr. Gr. \'87\'d4ra hero, Zend. \'87ura strong, OIr.
caur, cur, hero. Cf. Kirk.]
1. A building set apart for Christian
worship.
2. A Jewish or heathen temple.
[Obs.]
Acts xix. 37.
3. A formally organized body of Christian believers
worshiping together. \'bdWhen they had ordained them elders
in every church.\'b8
Acts xiv. 23.
4. A body of Christian believers, holding the same
creed, observing the same rites, and acknowledging the same
ecclesiastical authority; a denomination; as, the Roman
Catholic church; the Presbyterian
church.
5. The collective body of Christians.
6. Any body of worshipers; as, the Jewish
church; the church of Brahm.
7. The aggregate of religious influences in a
community; ecclesiastical influence, authority, etc.; as, to
array the power of the church against some moral
evil.
Remember that both church and state are properly
the rulers of the people, only because they are their
benefactors.
Bulwer.
Church is often used in composition to
denote something belonging or relating to the church; as,
church authority; church history;
church member; church music, etc.
Apostolic church. See under
Apostolic. -- Broad church. See
Broad Church. -- Catholic Universal church, the whole body of
believers in Christ throughout the world. --
Church of England, English
church, the Episcopal church established and
endowed in England by law. -- Church living,
a benefice in an established church. -- Church
militant. See under Militant. --
Church owl (Zo\'94l.), the white owl.
See Barn owl. -- Church rate, a tax
levied on parishioners for the maintenance of the church and its
services. -- Church session. See under
Session. -- Church triumphant. See
under Triumphant. -- Church work,
work on, or in behalf of, a church; the work of a particular
church for the spread of religion. -- Established
church, the church maintained by the civil authority; a
state church.
Church, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Churched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Churching.] To bless according
to a prescribed form, or to unite with in publicly returning
thanks in church, as after deliverance from the dangers of
childbirth; as, the churching of women.
Church"-ale` (?), n. A church
or parish festival (as in commemoration of the dedication of a
church), at which much ale was used.
Wright. Nares.
Church"-bench` (?), n. A seat
in the porch of a church.
Shak.
Church"dom (?), n. The
institution, government, or authority of a church.
[R.]
Bp. Pearson.
Church"go`er (?), n. One who
attends church.
Church"go`ing, a. 1. Habitually
attending church.
2. Summoning to church.
The sound of the churchgoing bell.
Cowper.
Church"-haw` (?), n.
[Church + haw a yard.]
Churchyard. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Church"ism (?), n. Strict
adherence to the forms or principles of some church organization;
sectarianism.
Church"less (?), a. Without a
church.
T. Fuller.
Church"like` (?), a. Befitting
a church or a churchman; becoming to a clergyman.
Shak.
Church"li*ness (?), n. Regard
for the church.
Church"ly, a. Pertaining to, or suitable
for, the church; ecclesiastical.
Church"man (?), n.; pl.
Churchmen (#). 1. An
ecclesiastic or clergyman.
2. An Episcopalian, or a member of the Established
Church of England. \'bdA zealous churchman.\'b8
Macaulay.
3. One was is attached to, or attends,
church.
Church"man*ly, a. Pertaining to, or
becoming, a churchman.
Milman.
Church"man*ship, n. The state or quality
of being a churchman; attachment to the church.
Church" modes` (?). (Mus.) The
modes or scales used in ancient church music. See
Gregorian.
Church"ship, n. State of being a
church.
South.
Church"ward`en (?), n. 1.
One of the officers (usually two) in an Episcopal church,
whose duties vary in different dioceses, but always include the
provision of what is necessary for the communion service.
2. A clay tobacco pipe, with a long tube.
[Slang, Eng.]
There was a small wooden table placed in front of the
smoldering fire, with decanters, a jar of tobacco, and two long
churchwardens.
W. Black.
Church"ward`en*ship, n. The office of a
churchwarden.
Church"y, a. Relating to a church;
unduly fond of church forms. [Colloq.]
Church"yard` (?), n. The ground
adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried; a
cemetery.
Like graves in the holy churchyard.
Shak.
Syn. -- Burial place; burying ground; graveyard; necropolis;
cemetery; God's acre.
Churl (?), n. [AS.
ceorl a freeman of the lowest rank, man, husband; akin
to D. karel, kerel, G. kerl,
Dan. & Sw. karl, Icel. karl, and to the E.
proper name Charles (orig., man,
male), and perh. to Skr. j\'bera lover. Cf.
Carl, Charles's Wain.] 1. A
rustic; a countryman or laborer. \'bdA peasant or
churl.\'b8
Spenser.
Your rank is all reversed; let men of cloth
Bow to the stalwart churls in overalls.
Emerson.
2. A rough, surly, ill-bred man; a boor.
A churl's courtesy rarely comes, but either for
gain or falsehood.
Sir P. Sidney.
3. A selfish miser; an illiberal person; a
niggard.
Like to some rich churl hoarding up his pelf.
Drayton.
Churl, a. Churlish; rough;
selfish. [Obs.]
Ford.
Churl"ish, a. 1. Like a churl;
rude; cross-grained; ungracious; surly; illiberal;
niggardly. \'bdChurlish benefits.\'b8
Ld. Burleigh.
Half mankind maintain a churlish strife.
Cowper.
2. Wanting pliancy; unmanageable; unyielding; not
easily wrought; as, a churlish soil; the
churlish and intractable nature of some
minerals.
Boyle.
Churl"ish*ly, adv. In a churlish
manner.
Churl"ish*ness, n. Rudeness of manners
or temper; lack of kindness or courtesy.
Churl"y (?), a. Rude; churlish;
violent.
Longfellow.
{ Churme (?), Chirm (?)
}, n. [See Chirm.]
Clamor, or confused noise; buzzing.
[Obs.]
The churme of a thousand taunts and reproaches.
Bacon.
Churn (?), n. [OE.
chirne, cherne, AS. ceren,
cyrin; akin to D. karn, Dan.
kierne. See Churn, v. t.]
A vessel in which milk or cream is stirred, beaten, or
otherwise agitated (as by a plunging or revolving dasher) in
order to separete the oily globules from the other parts, and
obtain butter.
Churn, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Churned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Churning.] [OE.
chernen, AS. cernan; akin to LG.
karnen, G. kernen, D. karnen,
Dan. kierne, Sw. k\'84rna, and also to E.
corn, kernel, the meaning coming from the
idea of extracting the kernel or marrow. See
Kernel.] 1. To stir, beat, or
agitate, as milk or cream in a churn, in order to make
butter.
2. To shake or agitate with violence.
Churned in his teeth, the foamy venom rose.
Addison.
Churn, v. i. To perform the operation of
churning.
Churn"ing, n. 1. The act of one
who churns.
2. The quantity of butter made at one
operation.
\'d8Chur"rus (?), n. [Hind.
charas.] A powerfully narcotic and
intoxicating gum resin which exudes from the flower heads, seeds,
etc., of Indian hemp.
Churr"worm` (?), n. [AS.
cyrran, cerran, to turn.]
(Zo\'94l.) An insect that turns about nimbly; the
mole cricket; -- called also fan
cricket.
Johnson.
Chuse (?), v. t. See
Choose. [Obs.]
Chute (?), n. [F.
chute, prop. a fall.] 1. A
framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are
made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which
water passes to a wheel.
2. See Shoot.
{ Chut"ney (?), Chut"nee
(?), } n. [Hind.
chatn\'c6.] A warm or spicy condiment or
pickle made in India, compounded of various vegetable substances,
sweets, acids, etc.
Chy*la"ceous (?), a.
(Physiol.) Possessed of the properties of chyle;
consisting of chyle.
Chy*la"que*ous (?), a.
[Chyle + aqueous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Consisting of chyle much diluted with
water; -- said of a liquid which forms the circulating fluid of
some inferior animals.
Chyle (?), n. [NL.
chylus, Gr. chyle; prob. akin to E. fuse to
melt.] (Physiol.) A milky fluid containing
the fatty matter of the food in a state of emulsion, or fine
mechanical division; formed from chyme by the action of the
intestinal juices. It is absorbed by the lacteals, and conveyed
into the blood by the thoracic duct.
Chyl`i*fac"tion (?), n.
[Chyle + L. facere to make.]
(Physiol.) The act or process by which chyle is
formed from food in animal bodies; chylification, -- a digestive
process.
Chyl`i*fac"tive (?), a.
(Physiol.) Producing, or converting into, chyle;
having the power to form chyle.
Chy*lif"er*ous (?), a.
[Chyle + -ferous: cf. F.
chylif\'8are.] (Physiol.) Transmitting or
conveying chyle; as, chyliferous vessels.
Chy*lif"ic (?), a.
Chylifactive.
Chyl`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
(Physiol.) The formation of chyle. See
Chylifaction.
Chy*lif"i*ca*to*ry (? , a.
Chylifactive.
Chy"li*fy (?), v. t. & i.
[Chyle + -ly.]
(Physiol.) To make chyle of; to be converted into
chyle.
Chy`lo*po*et"ic (?), a. [Gr.
chylopoiei^n to make into juice, chylo`s
juice, chyle + poiei^n to make.]
(Physiol.) Concerned in the formation of chyle;
as, the chylopoetic organs.
Chy"lous (?), a. [Cf. F.
chyleux.] (Physiol.) Consisting
of, or similar to, chyle.
\'d8Chy*lu"ri*a (?), n. [NL.
from Gr. (Med.) A
morbid condition in which the urine contains chyle or fatty
matter, giving it a milky appearance.
Chyme (?), n. [L.
chymus chyle, Gr. chyme. See Chyle.]
(Physiol.) The pulpy mass of semi-digested food
in the small intestines just after its passage from the stomach.
It is separated in the intestines into chyle and excrement. See
Chyle.
{ Chym"ic (?), Chym"ist,
Chym"is*try (?). } [Obs.]
See Chemic, Chemist,
Chemistry.
Chy*mif"er*ous (?), a.
[Chyme + -ferous.]
(Physiol.) Bearing or containing chyme.
Chym`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[Chyme + L. facere to make: cf. F.
Chymification.] (Physiol.) The
conversion of food into chyme by the digestive action of gastric
juice.
Chym"i*fy (?), v. t.
[Chyme + -fy: cf. F.
chymifier.] (Physiol.) To form
into chyme.
Chy"mous (?), a. Of or
pertaining to chyme.
Chy*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Chem.) An
instrument for measuring liquids. It consists of a piston moving
in a tube in which is contained the liquid, the quantity expelled
being indicated by the graduation upon the piston rod.
Ci*ba"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
cibaruus, fr. cibus food.]
Pertaining to food; edible.
Johnson.
Ci*ba"tion (?), n. [L.
cibatio, fr. cibare to feed.]
1. The act of taking food.
2. (Alchemy) The process or operation of
feeding the contents of the crucilbe with fresh material.
B. Jonson.
Cib"ol (?), n. [F.
ciboule, LL. cepula, cepola,
dim. of L. cepa, caepa, caepe,
an onion. Cf. Chibbal, Cives.] A
perennial alliaceous plant (Allium fistulosum),
sometimes called Welsh onion. Its fistular leaves
areused in cookery.
\'d8Ci*bo"ri*um (?), n.: pl.
Ciboria (#). [LL., fr. L.
ciborium a cup, fr. Gr. 1.
(Arch.) A canopy usually standing free and
supported on four columns, covering the high altar, or, very
rarely, a secondary altar.
2. (R. C. Ch.) The coffer or case in
which the host is kept; the pyx.
Ci*ca"da (?), n.; pl. E.
Cicadas (#), L. Cicad\'91
(#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any species of the genus Cicada. They are large
hemipterous insects, with nearly transparent wings. The male
makes a shrill sound by pecular organs in the under side of the
abdomen, consisting of a pair of stretched membranes, acted upon
by powerful muscles. A noted American species (C.
septendecim) is called the seventeen year
locust. Another common species is the dogday
cicada.
\'d8Ci*ca"la (?), n. [It., fr.
L. cicada.] A cicada. See
Cicada. \'bdAt eve a dry cicala
sung.\'b8
Tennison.
Cic"a*trice (?), n. [F., fr. L.
cicatrix.] A cicatrix.
Cic`a*tri"cial (?), a.
(Med.) Relating to, or having the character of, a
cicatrix.
Dunglison.
Cic"a*tri`cle (?), n. [Cf. F.
cicatricule, fr. L. cicatricula a small
scar, fr. cicatrix a scar.] (Biol.)
The germinating point in the embryo of a seed; the point in
the yolk of an egg at which development begins.
Cic"a*tri`sive (?), a. Tending
to promote the formation of a cicatrix; good for healing of a
wound.
<-- p. 256 -->
\'d8Ci*ca"trix (?), n.; pl.
Cicatrices (#). [L.]
(Med.) The pellicle which forms over a wound or
breach of continuity and completes the process of healing in the
latter, and which subsequently contracts and becomes white,
forming the scar.
Cic"a*tri`zant (?), n. [Cf. F.
cicatrisant, properly p. pr. of
cicatriser.] (Med.) A medicine
or application that promotes the healing of a sore or wound, or
the formation of a cicatrix.
Cic`a*tri*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. cicatrisation.] (Med.) The
process of forming a cicatrix, or the state of being
cicatrized.
Cic"a*trize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cicatrized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cicatrizing.] [Cf. F.
cicatriser, fr. cicatrice, L.
cicatrix, scar.] (Med.) To heal
or induce the formation of a cicatrix in, as in wounded or
ulcerated flesh.
Wiseman.
Cic"a*trize, v. i. (Med.) To
heal; to have a new skin.
Cic"a*trose` (?), a. Full of
scars.
Craig.
Cic"e*ly (?), n. [L.
seselis, Gr. (Bot.) Any one of several
umbelliferous plants, of the genera Myrrhis,
Osmorrhiza, etc.
Cic"e*ro (?), n. (Print.)
Pica type; -- so called by French printers.
\'d8Ci`ce*ro"ne (?), n.; pl.
It. Ciceroni (#), E. Cicerones
(#). [It., fr. L. Cicero, the
Roman orator. So called from the ordinary talkativeness of such a
guide.] One who shows strangers the curiosities of a
place; a guide.
Every glib and loquacious hireling who shows strangers about
their picture galleries, palaces, and ruins, is termed by them
[the Italians] a cicerone, or a Cicero.
Trench.
Cic`e*ro"ni*an (?), a. [L.
Ciceronianus, fr. Cicero, the
orator.] Resembling Cicero in style or action;
eloquent.
Cic`e*ro"ni*an*ism (?), n.
Imitation of, or resemblance to, the style or action Cicero;
a Ciceronian phrase or expression. \'bdGreat study in
Ciceronianism, the chief abuse of Oxford.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Cich`o*ra"ceous (?), a. [See
Chicory.] Belonging to, or resembling, a
suborder of composite plants of which the chicory
(Cichorium) is the type.
Cich"-pea` (?), n. The
chick-pea.
Holland.
Ci*cis"be*ism (?), n. The state
or conduct of a cicisbeo.
\'d8Ci`cis*be"o (?), n.; pl.
It. Cicisbei (#). [It.]
1. A professed admirer of a married woman; a
dangler about women.
2. A knot of silk or ribbon attached to a fan,
walking stick, etc. [Obs.]
Cic"la*toun` (?), n. [Of.
ciclaton.] A costly cloth, of uncertain
material, used in the Middle Ages. [Obs.]
[Written also checklaton,
chekelatoun.]
His robe was of ciclatoun,
That coste many a Jane.
Chaucer.
Cic"u*rate (?), v. t. [L.
cicurare to tame, fr. cicur tame.]
To tame. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cic`u*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
cicuration.] The act of taming.
[Obs.]
Ray.
\'d8Ci*cu"ta (?), n. [L., the
poison hemlock.] (Bot.) a genus of
poisonous umbelliferous plants, of which the water hemlock or
cowbane is best known.
cicuta is sometimes erroneously
applied to Conium maculatum, or officinal
hemlock.
Cic`u*tox"in (?), n.
(Chem.) The active principle of the water hemlock
(Cicuta) extracted as a poisonous gummy
substance.
Cid (?), n. [Sp., fr. Ar.
seid lord.]
1. Chief or commander; in Spanish literature, a
title of Ruy Diaz, Count of Bivar, a champion of Christianity and
of the old Spanish royalty, in the 11th century.
2. An epic poem, which celebrates the exploits of
the Spanish national hero, Ruy Diaz.
Ci"der (?), n. [F.
cidre, OF. sidre, fr. L. sicera a kind of
strong drink, Gr. sh\'bekar to be intoxicated, sh\'c7k\'ber
strong drink.] The expressed juice of apples. It is
used as a beverage, for making vinegar, and for other
purposes.
Cider was formerly used to signify the
juice of other fruits, and other kinds of strong liquor, but was
not applied to wine.
Cider brandy, a kind of brandy distilled from
cider. -- Cider mill, a mill in which cider
is made. -- Cider press, the press of a cider
mill.
Ci`der*ist, n. A maker of cider.
[Obs.]
Mortimer.
Ci"der*kin (?), n.
[Cider + -kin.] A kind of
weak cider made by steeping the refuse pomace in water.
Ciderkin is made for common drinking, and supplies
the place of small beer.
Mortimer.
\'d8Ci`-de*vant" (?), a. [F.,
hitherto, formerly.] Former; previous; of times gone
by; as, a cidevant governor.
\'d8Cierge (?), n. [F., fr. L.
cera wax.] A wax candle used in religous
rites.
Ci*gar" (?), n. [Sp.
cigarro, orig., a kind of tobacco in the island of
Cuba: cf. F. cigare.] A small roll of
tobacco, used for smoking.
Cigar fish (Zo\'94l.), a fish
(Decapterus punctatus), allied to the mackerel, found
on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
Cig`a*rette" (?), n. [F.
cigarette.] A little cigar; a little fine
tobacco rolled in paper for smoking.
\'d8Cil"i*a (?), n. pl.
Cilium, the sing., is rarely
used. [L. cilium eyelid.]
1. (Anat.) The eyelashes.
2. (Biol.) Small, generally microscopic,
vibrating appendages lining certain organs, as the air passages
of the higher animals, and in the lower animals often covering
also the whole or a part of the exterior. They are also found on
some vegetable organisms. In the Infusoria, and many larval
forms, they are locomotive organs.
3. (Bot.) Hairlike processes, commonly
marginal and forming a fringe like the eyelash.
4. (Zo\'94l.) Small, vibratory, swimming
organs, somewhat resembling true cilia, as those of
Ctenophora.
Cil"ia*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
ciliaire.]
1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the cilia, or
eyelashes. Also applied to special parts of the eye itself;
as, the ciliary processes of the choroid coat; the
ciliary muscle, etc.
2. (Biol.) Pertaining to or connected
with the cilia in animal or vegetable organisms; as,
ciliary motion.
\'d8Cil`i*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Cilia.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
orders of Infusoria, characterized by having cilia. In some
species the cilia cover the body generally, in others they form a
band around the mouth.
{ Cil"i*ate (?), Cil"i*a`ted
(?), } a. Provided with, or
surrounded by, cilia; as, a ciliate leaf;
endowed with vibratory motion; as, the ciliated
epithelium of the windpipe.
Cil"ice (?), n. [F. See
Cilicious.] A kind of haircloth
undergarment.
Southey.
Ci*li"cian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Cilicia in Asia Minor. -- n.
A native or inhabitant of Cilicia.
Ci*li"cious (?), a. [L.
cilicium a covering, orig. made of Cilician goat's
hair, fr. Cilicious Cilician, fr. Cilicia,
a province of Asia Minor.] Made, or consisting, of
hair. [Obs.]
A Cilicious or sackcloth habit.
Sir T. Browne.
{ Cil"i*form (?), Cil"i*i*form`
(?), } a. [Cilium +
-form] Having the form of cilia; very fine
or slender.
Cil"i*o*grade (?), a.
[Cilium + L. gradi to step: cf. F.
ciliograde.] (Zo\'94l.) Moving
by means of cilia, or cilialike organs; as, the
ciliograde Medus\'91.
\'d8Cil"i*um (?), n. [L.,
eyelid.] See Cilia.
Cill (?), n. See
Sill., n. a foundation.
\'d8Cil*lo"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. cilium eyelid.] (Med.) A
spasmodic trembling of the upper eyelid.
Ci"ma (?), n. (Arch.)
A kind of molding. See Cyma.
Ci*mar" (?), n. See
Simar.
Cim"bal (?), n. [It.
ciambella.] A kind of confectionery or
cake. [Obs.]
Nares.
Cim"bi*a (?), n. (Arch.)
A fillet or band placed around the shaft of a column as if
to strengthen it. [Written also
cimia.]
Cim"bri*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Cimbri. -- n. One
of the Cimbri. See Cimbric.
Cim"bric (?), a. Pertaining to
the Cimbri, an ancient tribe inhabiting Northern
Germany. -- n. The language of the
Cimbri.
Ci*me"li*arch (?), n. [L.
cimeliarcha, Gr. A
superintendent or keeper of a church's valuables; a
churchwarden. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Cim"e*ter (?), n. See
Scimiter.
\'d8Ci"mex (?), n.; pl.
Cimices (#). [L., a bug.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of hemipterous insects of
which the bedbug is the best known example. See
Bedbug.
Cim"i*a (?), n. (Arch.)
See Cimbia.
Ci"miss (?), n. [L.
cimex, -icis, a bug.]
(Zo\'94l.) The bedbug. [Obs.]
Wright.
Cim*me"ri*an (?), a. [L.
Cimmerius.] [Written also
Kimmerian.] 1. Pertaining to the
Cimmerii, a fabulous people, said to have lived, in very ancient
times, in profound and perpetual darkness.
2. Without any light; intensely dark.
In dark Cimmerian desert ever dwell.
Milton.
Cim"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. Cimolus, an
island of the Cyclades.] (Min.) A soft,
earthy, clayey mineral, of whitish or grayish color.
Cinch (?), n. [Sp.
cincha, fr. L. cingere to gird.]
1. A strong saddle girth, as of canvas.
[West. U. S.]
2. A tight grip. [Colloq.]
Cin*cho"na (?), n. [So named
from the wife of Count Chinchon, viceroy of Peru in
the seventeenth century, who by its use was freed from an
intermittent fever, and after her return to Spain, contributed to
the general propagation of this remedy.] 1.
(Bot.) A genus of trees growing naturally on the
Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the
East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value.
2. (Med.) The bark of any species of
cinchona containing three per cent. or more of bitter
febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.
Cin`cho*na"ceous (?), a. Allied
or pertaining to cinchona, or to the plants that produce
it.
Cin*chon"ic (?), a. Belonging
to, or obtained from, cinchona.
Mayne.
Cin*chon"i*dine (?), n. [From
Cinchona.] (Chem.) One of the
quinine group of alkaloids, found especially in red cinchona
bark. It is a white crystalline substance,
C19H22N2O, with a bitter taste and qualities
similar to, but weaker than, quinine; -- sometimes called also
cinchonidia.
Cin"cho*nine (?), n. [From
Cinchona: cf. F. cinchonine.]
(Chem.) One of the quinine group of alkaloids
isomeric with and resembling cinchonidine; -- called also
cinchonia.
Cin"cho*nism (?), n. [From
Cinchona.] (Med.) A condition
produced by the excessive or long-continued use of quinine, and
marked by deafness, roaring in the ears, vertigo, etc.
Cin"cho*nize (?), v. t. To
produce cinchonism in; to poison with quinine or with
cinchona.
Cin`cin*na"ti ep"och (?). (Geol.)
An epoch at the close of the American lower Silurian system.
The rocks are well developed near Cincinnati, Ohio.
The group includes the Hudson River and Lorraine shales of New
york.
Cinc"ture (?), n. [L.
cinctura, fr. cingere, cinctum,
to gird.] 1. A belt, a girdle, or something
worn round the body, -- as by an ecclesiastic for confining the
alb.
2. That which encompasses or incloses; an
inclosure. \'bdWithin the cincture of one
wall.\'b8
Bacon.
3. (Arch.) The fillet, listel, or band
next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a
column.
Cinc"tured (?), n. Having or
wearing a cincture or gridle.
Cin"der (?), n. [AS.
sinder slag, dross; akin to Icel. sindr
dross, Sw. sinder, G. sinter, D.
sintel; perh. influenced by F. cendre
ashes, fr. L. cinis. Cf. Sinter.]
1. Partly burned or vitrified coal, or other
combustible, in which fire is extinct.
2. A hot coal without flame; an ember.
Swift.
3. A scale thrown off in forging metal.
4. The slag of a furnace, or scoriaceous lava from
a volcano.
Cinder frame, a framework of wire in front of
the tubes of a locomotive, to arrest the escape of cinders.
-- Cinder notch (Metal.), the opening
in a blast furnace, through which melted cinder flows
out.
Cin"der*y (?), a. Resembling,
or composed of, cinders; full of cinders.
Cin`e*fac"tion (?), n. [LL.
cinefactio: L. cinis ashes +
facere to make: cf. F.
cin\'82faction.] Cineration; reduction to
ashes. [Obs.]
{ Cin`e*mat"ic (?),
Cin`e*mat"ic*al (?) }, a.
See Kinematic.
Cin`e*mat"ics (?), n. sing. See
Kinematics.
Cin`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L.
cineraceus, fr. cinis ashes.]
Like ashes; ash-colored; cinerous.
\'d8Cin`e*ra"ri*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. LL. cinerarius pert. to ashes, fr.
cinis ashes. So called from the ash-colored down on
the leaves.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an genus of
free-flowering composite plants, mostly from South Africa.
Several species are cultivated for ornament.
Cin"er*a*ry (?), a. [L.
cinerarius, fr. cinis ashes.]
Pertaining to ashes; containing ashes.
Cinerary urns, vessels used by the ancients to
preserve the ashes of the dead when burned.
Cin`er*a"tion (?), n. [L.
cinis ashes: cf. F. cin\'82ration.]
The reducing of anything to ashes by combustion;
cinefaction.
Ci*ne"re*ous (?), a. [L.
cinereus, fr. cinis ashes.] Like
ashes; ash-colored; grayish.
Cin`er*es"cent (?), a. Somewhat
cinereous; of a color somewhat resembling that of wood
ashes.
Cin`er*i"tious (?), a. [L.
cineritius, cinericius, fr.
cinis ashes.] Like ashes; having the color
of ashes, -- as the cortical substance of the brain.
Ci*ner"u*lent (?), a. Full of
ashes. [Obs.]
Cin`ga*lese" (?), n. sing. & pl.
[Cf. F. Cingalais.] A native or
natives of Ceylon descended from its primitive inhabitants; also
(sing.), the language of the
Cingalese. -- a. Of or pertaining to the
Cingalese. [Written also
Singhalese.]
Ceylonese is applied to the inhabitants
of the island in general.
Cin"gle (?), n. [L.
cingula, cingulum, fr. cingere
to gird.] A girth. [R.] See
Surcingle.
\'d8Cin"gu*lum (?), n. [L., a
girdle.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A distinct
girdle or band of color; a raised spiral line as seen on certain
univalve shells. (b) The clitellus of
earthworms. (c) The base of the crown of a
tooth.
Cin"na*bar (?), n. [L.
cinnabaris, Gr. qinb\'ber, Hind. shangarf.]
1. (Min.) Red sulphide of mercury,
occurring in brilliant red crystals, and also in red or brown
amorphous masses. It is used in medicine.
2. The artificial red sulphide of mercury used as a
pigment; vermilion.
Cinnabar Gr\'91corum (. [L.
Graecorum, gen. pl., of the Greeks.]
(Med.) Same as Dragon's blood. --
Green cinnabar, a green pigment consisting of the
oxides of cobalt and zinc subjected to the action of fire.
-- Hepatic cinnabar (Min.), an impure
cinnabar of a liver-brown color and submetallic luster.
Cin"na*ba*rine (?), a. [Cf. F.
cinabarin.] Pertaining to, or resembling,
cinnabar; consisting of cinnabar, or containing it; as,
cinnabarine sand.
Cin"na*mene (?), n. [From
Cinnamic.] (Chem.) Styrene (which
was formerly called cinnamene because obtained from
cinnamic acid). See Styrene.
Cin*nam"ic (?), a. [From
Cinnamon.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or obtained from, cinnamon.
Cinnamic acid (Chem.), a white,
crystalline, odorless substance.
C6H5.C2H2C2H2.CO2H, formerly obtained from
storax and oil of cinnamon, now made from certain benzene
derivatives in large quantities, and used for the artificial
production of indigo.
Cin`na*mom"ic (?), a. [L.
cinnamomum cinnamon.] (Chem.)
See Cinnamic.
Cin"na*mon (?), n. [Heb.
qinn\'bem\'d3n; cf. Gr. cinnamomum, cinnamon. The Heb. word itself seems to
have been borrowed from some other language; cf. Malay
k\'bej\'d4 m\'benis sweet wood.] (a)
The inner bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum
Zeylanicum, a tree growing in Ceylon. It is aromatic, of a
moderately pungent taste, and is one of the best cordial,
carminative, and restorative spices. (b)
Cassia.
Cinnamon stone (Min.), a variety of
garnet, of a cinnamon or hyacinth red color, sometimes used in
jewelry. -- Oil of cinnamon, a colorless
aromatic oil obtained from cinnamon and cassia, and consisting
essentially of cinnamic aldehyde,
C6H5.C2H2.CHO. -- Wild cinnamon. See
Canella.
Cin"na*mone (?), n.
[Cinnamic + -one.] A yellow
crystalline substance, (C6H5.C2H2)2CO, the
ketone of cinnamic acid.
<-- p. 257 -->
Cin"na*myl (?), n.
[Cinnamic + -yl.]
(Chem.) The hypothetical radical,
(C6H5.C2H2)2C, of cinnamic compounds.
[Formerly written also cinnamule.]
Cin"no*line (?), n.
[Cinnamic + quinoline.] A
nitrogenous organic base, C8H6N2, analogous to
quinoline, obtained from certain complex diazo compounds.
Cinque (?), n. [F.
cinq, fr. L. quinque five. See
Five.] Five; the number five in dice or
cards.
\'d8Cin`que*cen"to (?), n. & a.
[It., five hundred, abbrev. for fifteen hundred. The
Cinquecento style was so called because it arose after
the year 1500.] The sixteenth century, when applied to
Italian art or literature; as, the sculpture of the
Cinquecento; Cinquecento style.
Cinque"foil` (?), n.
[Cinque five + foil, F.
feuille leaf. See Foil.] 1.
(Bot.) The name of several different species of
the genus Potentilla; -- also called
five-finger, because of the resemblance of its
leaves to the fingers of the hand.
2. (Arch.) An ornamental foliation
having five points or cups, used in windows, panels, etc.
Gwilt.
Marsh cinquefoil, the Potentilla
palustris, a plant with purple flowers which grows in
fresh-water marshes.
Cinque"-pace` (?), n.
[Cinque + pace.] A lively
dance (called also galliard), the steps of
which were regulated by the number five.
[Obs.]
Nares. Shak.
Cinque" Ports` (?). [Cinque +
port.] (Eng. Hist.) Five English
ports, to which peculiar privileges were anciently accorded; --
viz., Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover, and Sandwich; afterwards
increased by the addition of Winchelsea, Rye, and some minor
places.
Baron of the Cinque Ports. See under
Baron.
Cinque"-spot`ted, a. Five-spotted.
[R.]
Shak.
Cin"ter (?), n. [F.
cintre.] (Arch.) See
Center.
\'d8Ci*nu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
The group of Thysanura which includes Lepisma and
allied forms; the bristletails. See Bristletail, and
Lepisma.
Ci"on (?), n. [OF.
cion. See Scion.] See
Scion.
The cion overruleth the stock; and the stock is but
passive, and giveth aliment, but no motion, to the graft.
Bacon.
Ci"pher (?), n. [OF.
cifre zero, F. Chiffre figure (cf.
Sp.cifra, LL. cifra), fr. Ar.
\'87ifrun, \'87afrun, empty, cipher, zero,
fr. \'87afira to be empty. Cf. Zero.]
1. (Arith.) A character [0] which,
standing by itself, expresses nothing, but when placed at the
right hand of a whole number, increases its value tenfold.
2. One who, or that which, has no weight or
influence.
Here he was a mere cipher.
W. Irving.
3. A character in general, as a figure or
letter. [Obs.]
This wisdom began to be written in ciphers and
characters and letters bearing the forms of creatures.
Sir W. Raleigh.
4. A combination or interweaving of letters, as the
initials of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's
cipher, an engraver's cipher, etc. The
cut represents the initials N. W.
5. A private alphabet, system of characters, or
other mode of writing, contrived for the safe transmission of
secrets; also, a writing in such characters.
His father . . . engaged him when he was very young to write
all his letters to England in cipher.
Bp. Burnet.
Cipher key, a key to assist in reading
writings in cipher.
Ci"pher, a. Of the nature of a cipher;
of no weight or influence. \'bdTwelve cipher
bishops.\'b8
Milton.
Ci"pher, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Ciphered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ciphering.] To use figures in
a mathematical process; to do sums in arithmetic.
\'bdT was certain he could write and cipher
too.
Goldsmith.
Ci"pher, v. t. 1. To write in
occult characters.
His notes he ciphered with Greek characters.
Hayward.
2. To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the
answer.
3. To decipher. [Obs.]
Shak.
4. To designate by characters.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ci"pher*er (?), n. One who
ciphers.
Ci"pher*hood (?), n.
Nothingness. [R.]
Goodwin.
Cip"o*lin (?), n. [It.
cippollino, prop., a little onion, fr.
cipolla onion (cf. E. cibol). So called
because its veins consist, like onions, of different strata, one
lying upon another.] (Min.) A whitish
marble, from Rome, containiing pale greenish zones. It consists
of calcium carbonate, with zones and cloudings of talc.
\'d8Cip"pus (?), n.; pl.
Cippi (#). [L., stake,
post.] A small, low pillar, square or round, commonly
having an inscription, used by the ancients for various purposes,
as for indicating the distances of places, for a landmark, for
sepulchral inscriptions, etc.
Gwilt.
Circ (?), n. [See
Circus.] An amphitheatrical circle for
sports; a circus. [R.]
T. Warton.
\'d8Cir*car" (?), n. [See
Sircar.] A district, or part of a province.
See Sircar. [India]
Cir*cas"sian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Circassia, in Asia. -- n.
A native or inhabitant of Circassia.
Cir*ce"an (?), a. [L.
Circaeus.] Having the characteristics of
Circe, daughter of Sol and Perseis, a mythological enchantress,
who first charmed her victims and then changed them to the forms
of beasts; pleasing, but noxious; as, a Circean
draught.
{ Cir*cen"sial (?), Cir*cen"sian
(?), } a. [L.
Circensis, ludi Circenses, the games in the
Circus Maximus.] Of or pertaining to, or held in, the
Circus, In Rome.
The pleasure of the Circensian shows.
Holyday.
Cir"ci*nal (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Circinate.
Cir"ci*nate (?), a. [L.
circinatus, p. p. of circinare to make
round, fr. circinus a pair of compasses, from Gr. (Bot.) Rolled together downward,
the tip occupying the center; -- a term used in reference to
foliation or leafing, as in ferns.
Gray.
Cir"ci*nate (?), v. t. To make
a circle around; to encompass. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Cir`ci*na"tion (?), n. [L.
circinatio circle.]
1. An orbicular motion. [Obs.]
bailey.
2. A circle; a concentric layer.
[Obs.] \'bdThe circinations and spherical
rounds of onions.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Cir"cle (?), n. [OE.
cercle, F. cercle, fr. L.
circulus (Whence also AS. circul), dim. of
circus circle, akin to Gr. Circus, Circum-.]
1. A plane figure, bounded by a single curve line
called its circumference, every part of which is
equally distant from a point within it, called the
center.
2. The line that bounds sush a figure; a
circumference; a ring.
3. (Astron.) An instrument of
observation, the graduated limb of which consists of an entire
circle.
mural circle; when mounted with a telescope
on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a
meridian or transit circle; when involving
the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a reflecting
circle; and when that of repeating an angle several times
continuously along the graduated limb, a repeating
circle.
4. A round body; a sphere; an orb.
It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the
earth.
Is. xi. 22.
5. Compass; circuit; inclosure.
In the circle of this forest.
Shak.
6. A company assembled, or conceived to assemble,
about a central point of interest, or bound by a common tie; a
class or division of society; a coterie; a set.
As his name gradually became known, the circle of
his acquaintance widened.
Macaulay.
7. A circular group of persons; a ring.
8. A series ending where it begins, and repeating
itself.
Thus in a circle runs the peasant's pain.
Dryden.
9. (Logic) A form of argument in which
two or more unproved statements are used to prove each other;
inconclusive reasoning.
That heavy bodies descend by gravity; and, again, that gravity
is a quality whereby a heavy body descends, is an impertinent
circle and teaches nothing.
Glanvill.
10. Indirect form of words; circumlocution.
[R.]
Has he given the lie,
In circle, or oblique, or semicircle.
J. Fletcher.
11. A territorial division or district.
The Circles of the Holy Roman Empire, ten
in number, were those principalities or provinces which had seats
in the German Diet.
Azimuth circle. See under
Azimuth. -- Circle of altitude
(Astron.), a circle parallel to the horizon,
having its pole in the zenith; an almucantar. -- Circle
of curvature. See Osculating circle of a
curve (Below). -- Circle of declination.
See under Declination. -- Circle of
latitude. (a) (Astron.) A great
circle perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, passing
through its poles. (b) (Spherical
Projection) A small circle of the sphere whose plane is
perpendicular to the axis. -- Circles of
longitude, lesser circles parallel to the ecliptic,
diminishing as they recede from it. -- Circle of
perpetual apparition, at any given place, the boundary
of that space around the elevated pole, within which the stars
never set. Its distance from the pole is equal to the latitude of
the place. -- Circle of perpetual occultation,
at any given place, the boundary of the space around the
depressed pole, within which the stars never rise. --
Circle of the sphere, a circle upon the surface of
the sphere, called a great circle when its plane passes
through the center of the sphere; in all other cases, a
small circle. -- Diurnal circle.
See under Diurnal. -- Dress circle,
a gallery in a theater, generally the one containing the
prominent and more expensive seats. -- Druidical
circles (Eng. Antiq.), a popular name for
certain ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly
arranged, as at Stonehenge, near Salisbury. -- Family
circle, a gallery in a theater, usually one containing
inexpensive seats. -- Horary circles
(Dialing), the lines on dials which show the
hours. -- Osculating circle of a curve
(Geom.), the circle which touches the curve at
some point in the curve, and close to the point more nearly
coincides with the curve than any other circle. This circle is
used as a measure of the curvature of the curve at the point, and
hence is called circle of curvature. -- Pitch
circle. See under Pitch. -- Vertical
circle, an azimuth circle. -- Voltaic
circle or circuit. See under
Circuit. -- To square the circle.
See under Square.
Syn. -- Ring; circlet; compass; circuit; inclosure.
Cir"cle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Circled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Circling (?).] [OE.
cerclen, F. cercler, fr. L.
circulare to make round. See Circle,
n., and cf. Circulate.]
1. To move around; to revolve around.
Other planets circle other suns.
Pope.
2. To encompass, as by a circle; to surround; to
inclose; to encircle.
Prior. Pope.
Their heads are circled with a short turban.
Dampier.
So he lies, circled with evil.
Coleridge.
To circle in, to confine; to hem in; to keep
together; as, to circle bodies in.
Sir K. Digby.
Cir"cle, v. i. To move circularly; to
form a circle; to circulate.
Thy name shall circle round the gaping through.
Byron.
Cir"cled (?), a. Having the
form of a circle; round. \'bdMonthly changes in her
circled orb.\'b8
Shak.
Cir"cler (?), n. A mean or
inferior poet, perhaps from his habit of wandering around as a
stroller; an itinerant poet. Also, a name given to the cyclic
poets. See under Cyclic, a.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Cir"clet (?), n. 1. A
little circle; esp., an ornament for the person, having the form
of a circle; that which encircles, as a ring, a bracelet, or a
headband.
Her fair locks in circlet be enrolled.
Spenser.
2. A round body; an orb.
Pope.
Fairest of stars . . . that crown'st the smiling morn
With thy bright circlet.
Milton.
3. A circular piece of wood put under a dish at
table. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Cir"co*cele (?), n. See
Cirsocele.
Cir"cuit (?), n. [F.
circuit, fr. L. circuitus, fr.
circuire or circumire to go around;
circum around + ire to go.]
1. The act of moving or revolving around, or as in
a circle or orbit; a revolution; as, the periodical
circuit of the earth round the sun.
Watts.
2. The circumference of, or distance round, any
space; the measure of a line round an area.
The circuit or compass of Ireland is 1,800
miles.
J. Stow.
3. That which encircles anything, as a ring or
crown.
The golden circuit on my head.
Shak.
4. The space inclosed within a circle, or within
limits.
A circuit wide inclosed with goodliest trees.
Milton.
5. A regular or appointed journeying from place to
place in the exercise of one's calling, as of a judge, or a
preacher.
6. (a) (Law) A certain division
of a state or country, established by law for a judge or judges
to visit, for the administration of justice. Bouvier.
(b) (Methodist Church) A district in which an
itinerant preacher labors.
7. Circumlocution. [Obs.]
\'bdThou hast used no circuit of words.\'b8
Huloet.
Circuit court (Law), a court which
sits successively in different places in its circuit (see
Circuit, 6). In the United States, the federal circuit
courts are commonly presided over by a judge of the supreme
court, or a special circuit judge, together with the judge of the
district court. They have jurisdiction within statutory limits,
both in law and equity, in matters of federal cognizance. Some of
the individual States also have circuit courts, which have
general statutory jurisdiction of the same class, in matters of
State cognizance. -- Circuit or
Circuity of action (Law), a
longer course of proceedings than is necessary to attain the
object in view. -- To make a circuit, to go
around; to go a roundabout way. -- Voltaic
or Galvanic circuit or
circle, a continous electrical
communication between the two poles of a battery; an arrangement
of voltaic elements or couples with proper conductors, by which a
continuous current of electricity is established.
Cir"cuit, v. i. To move in a circle; to
go round; to circulate. [Obs.]
J. Philips.
Cir"cuit, v. t. To travel around.
[Obs.] \'bdHaving circuited the air.\'b8
T. Warton.
Cir`cuit*eer" (?), n. A
circuiter.
Pope.
Cir"cuit*er (?), n. One who
travels a circuit, as a circuit judge. [R.]
R. Whitlock.
Cir`cu*i"tion (?), n. [L.
circuitio. See Circuit.] The act
of going round; circumlocution. [R.]
Cir*cu"i*tous (?), a. [LL.
circuitosus.] Going round in a circuit;
roundabout; indirect; as, a circuitous road; a
circuitous manner of accompalishing an end.
-- Cir*cu"i*tous*ly, adv. --
Cir*cu"i*tous*ness, n.
Syn. -- Tortuous; winding; sinuous; serpentine.
Cir*cu"i*ty (?), n. A going
round in a circle; a course not direct; a roundabout way of
proceeding.
Cir"cu*la*ble (?), a. That may
be circulated.
Cir"cu*lar (?), a. [L.
circularis, fr. circulus circle: cf. F.
circulaire. See Circle.]
1. In the form of, or bounded by, a circle;
round.
2. repeating itself; ending in itself; reverting to
the point of beginning; hence, illogical; inconclusive; as,
circular reasoning.
3. Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic;
hence, mean; inferior. See Cyclic poets, under
Cyclic.
Had Virgil been a circular poet, and closely
adhered to history, how could the Romans have had Dido?
Dennis.
4. Addressed to a circle, or to a number of persons
having a common interest; circulated, or intended for
circulation; as, a circular letter.
A proclamation of Henry III., . . . doubtless
circular throughout England.
Hallam.
5. Perfect; complete. [Obs.]
A man so absolute and circular
In all those wished-for rarities that may take
A virgin captive.
Massinger.
Circular are, any portion of the circumference
of a circle. -- Circular cubics
(Math.), curves of the third order which are
imagined to pass through the two circular points at
infinity. -- Circular functions.
(Math.) See under Function. --
Circular instruments, mathematical instruments
employed for measuring angles, in which the graduation extends
round the whole circumference of a circle, or 360 --
Circular lines, straight lines pertaining to the
circle, as sines, tangents, secants, etc. --
Circular note or
letter. (a) (Com.) See
under Credit. (b) (Diplomacy)
A letter addressed in identical terms to a number of
persons. -- Circular numbers (Arith.),
those whose powers terminate in the same digits as the roots
themselves; as 5 and 6, whose squares are 25 and 36.
Bailey. Barlow. -- Circular points at
infinity (Geom.), two imaginary points at
infinite distance through which every circle in the plane is, in
the theory of curves, imagined to pass. -- Circular
polarization. (Min.) See under
Polarization. -- Circular
or Globular sailing
(Naut.), the method of sailing by the arc of a
great circle. -- Circular saw. See under
Saw.
Cir"cu*lar, n. [Cf. (for sense 1) F.
circulaire, lettre circulaire. See
Circular, a.]
1. A circular letter, or paper, usually printed,
copies of which are addressed or given to various persons;
as, a business circular.
2. A sleeveless cloak, cut in circular form.
Cir`cu*lar"i*ty (?), n. [LL.
circularitas.] The quality or state of
being circular; a circular form.
Cir"cu*lar*ly (?), adv. In a
circular manner.
Cir"cu*la*ry (?), a. Circular;
illogical. [Obs. & .] \'bdCross and
circulary speeches.\'b8
Hooker.
Cir"cu*late (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ciorculated; P.
pr. & vb. n. Circulating.] [L.
circulatus, p. p. of circulare, v. t., to
surround, make round, circulari, v. i., to gather into
a circle. See Circle.]
1. To move in a circle or circuitously; to move
round and return to the same point; as, the blood
circulates in the body.
Boyle.
2. To pass from place to place, from person to
person, or from hand to hand; to be diffused; as, money
circulates; a story circulates.
<-- p. 258 -->
Circulating decimal. See
Decimal. -- Circulating library, a
library whose books are loaned to the public, usually at certain
fixed rates. -- Circulating medium. See
Medium.
Cir"cu*late (?), v. t. To cause
to pass from place to place, or from person to person; to spread;
as, to circulate a report; to circulate
bills of credit.
Circulating pump. See under
Pump.
Syn. -- To spread; diffuse; propagate; disseminate.
Cir`cu*la"tion (?), n. [L.
circulatio: cf. F. circulation.]
1. The act of moving in a circle, or in a course
which brings the moving body to the place where its motion
began.
This continual circulation of human things.
Swift.
2. The act of passing from place to place or person
to person; free diffusion; transmission.
The true doctrines of astronomy appear to have had some
popular circulation.
Whewell.
3. Currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.,
current for coin.
4. The extent to which anything circulates or is
circulated; the measure of diffusion; as, the
circulation of a newspaper.
5. (Physiol.) The movement of the blood
in the blood-vascular system, by which it is brought into close
relations with almost every living elementary constituent. Also,
the movement of the sap in the vessels and tissues of
plants.
Cir"cu*la*tive (?), a.
Promoting circulation; circulating. [R.]
Coleridge.
Cir"cu*la`tor (?), n. [Cf. L.
circulator a peddler.] One who, or that
which, circulates.
Cir`cu*la*to"ri*ous (?), a.
Travelling from house to house or from town to town;
itinerant. [Obs.]
\'bdCirculatorious jugglers.\'b8
Barrow.
Cir"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L.
circulatorius pert. to a mountebank: cf. F.
circulatoire.]
1. Circular; as, a circulatory
letter.
Johnson.
2. Circulating, or going round.
T. Warton.
3. (Anat.) Subserving the purposes of
circulation; as, circulatory organs; of or
pertaining to the organs of circulation; as,
circulatory diseases.
Cir"cu*la*to*ry, n. A chemical vessel
consisting of two portions unequally exposed to the heat of the
fire, and with connecting pipes or passages, through which the
fluid rises from the overheated portion, and descends from the
relatively colder, maintaining a circulation.
Cir"cu*let (?), n. A
circlet. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Cir"cu*line (?), a. Proceeding
in a circle; circular. [Obs.] \'bdWith motion
circuline\'b8.
Dr. H. More.
Cir"cum- (?). [Akin to circle,
circus.] A Latin preposition, used as a
prefix in many English words, and signifying around or
about.
Cir`cum*ag"i*tate (?), v. t.
[Pref. circum + agitate.] To agitate
on all sides.
Jer. Taylor.
Cir`cum*am"bage (?), n. [Pref.
circum- + ambage, obs. sing. of
ambages.] A roundabout or indirect course;
indirectness. [Obs.]
S. Richardson.
Cir`cum*am"bi*en*cy (?), n. The
act of surrounding or encompassing.
Sir T. Browne.
Cir`cum*am"bi*ent (?), a.
[Pref. circum- + ambient.]
Surrounding; inclosing or being on all sides;
encompassing. \'bdThe circumambient heaven.\'b8
J. Armstrong.
Cir`cum*am"bu*late (?), v. t.
[L. circumambulatus, p. p. of
circumambulare to walk around; circum +
ambulare. See Ambulate.] To walk round
about. -- Cir`cum*am`bu*la"tion
(#), n.
Cir`cum*bend"i*bus (?), n. A
roundabout or indirect way. [Jocular]
Goldsmith.
Cir`cum*cen"ter (?), n.
(Geom.) The center of a circle that circumscribes
a triangle.
Cir"cum*cise (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumcised
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Circumcising.] [L.
circumcisus, p. p. of circumcidere to cut
around, to circumcise; circum + caedere to cut; akin
to E. c\'91sura, homicide,
concise, and prob. to shed, v. t.]
1. To cut off the prepuce of foreskin of, in the
case of males, and the internal labia of, in the case of
females.
2. (Script.) To purify
spiritually.
Cir"cum*ci`ser (?), n. One who
performs circumcision.
Milton.
Cir`cum*cision (?), n. [L.
circumcisio.]
1. The act of cutting off the prepuce or foreskin
of males, or the internal labia of females.
circumcision of males is practiced as
a religious rite by the Jews, Mohammedans, etc.
2. (Script.) (a) The Jews, as a
circumcised people. (b) Rejection of the sins
of the flesh; spiritual purification, and acceptance of the
Christian faith.
Cir`cum*clu"sion (?), n. [L.
circumcludere, -clusum, to inclose.]
Act of inclosing on all sides. [R.]
Cir`cum*cur*sa"tion (?), n. [L.
circumcursare, -satum, to run round
about.] The act of running about; also, rambling
language. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Cir`cum*den`u*da"tion (?), n.
[Pref. circum- + denudation.]
(Geol.) Denudation around or in the neighborhood
of an object.
Hills of circumdenudation, hills which have
been produced by surface erosion; the elevations which have been
left, after denudation of a mass of high ground.
Jukes.
Cir`cum*duce" (?), v. t. [See
Circumduct.] (Scots Law) To
declare elapsed, as the time allowed for introducing
evidence.
Sir W. Scott.
Cir`cum*duct" (?), v. t. [L.
circumductus, p. p. of circumducere to lead
around; circum + ducere to lead.]
1. To lead about; to lead astray.
[R.]
2. (Law) To contravene; to nullify;
as, to circumduct acts of judicature.
[Obs.]
Ayliffe.
Cir`cum*duc"tion (?), n. [L.
circumductio.]
1. A leading about; circumlocution.
[R.]
Hooker.
2. An annulling; cancellation.
[R.]
Ayliffe.
3. (Phisiol.) The rotation of a limb
round an imaginary axis, so as to describe a concial
surface.
Cir`cum*e*soph"a*gal (?), a.
[Pref. circum + esophagal.]
(Anat.) Surrounding the esophagus; -- in
Zool. said of the nerve commissures and ganglia of
arthropods and mollusks.
Cir`cum*e`so*phag"e*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Circumesophagal.
Cir"cum*fer (?), v. t. [L.
circumferre; circum + ferre to bear. See
lst Bear.] To bear or carry round.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Cir*cum"fer*ence (?), n. [L.
circumferentia.]
1. The line that goes round or encompasses a
circular figure; a periphery.
Millon.
2. A circle; anything circular.
His ponderous shield . . .
Behind him cast. The broad circumference
Hung on his shoulders like the moon.
Milton.
3. The external surface of a sphere, or of any
orbicular body.
Cir*cum"fer*ence, v. t. To include in a
circular space; to bound. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cir*cum`fer*en"tial (?), a.
[LL. circumferentialis.] Pertaining to
the circumference; encompassing; encircling; circuitous.
Parkhurst.
Cir*cum`fer*en"tial*ly (?), adv.
So as to surround or encircle.
Cir*cum`fer*en"tor (?), n. [See
Circumfer.]
1. A surveying instrument, for taking horizontal
angles and bearings; a surveyor's compass. It consists of a
compass whose needle plays over a circle graduated to 360
2. A graduated wheel for measuring tires; a tire
circle.
Cir"cum*flant (?), a. [L.
circumflans, p. pr. of circumflare.]
Blowing around. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Cir"cum*flect (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumflected;
p. pr. & vb. n. Circumflecting.]
[L. circumflectere. See
Circumflex.] 1. To bend
around.
2. To mark with the circumflex accent, as a
vowel. [R.]
Cir`cum*flec"tion (?), n. See
Circumflexion.
Cir"cum*flex (?), n. [L.
circumflexus a bending round, fr.
circumflectere, circumflexum, to bend or
turn about; circum + flectere to bend. See
Flexible.]
1. A wave of the voice embracing both a rise and
fall or a fall and a rise on the same a syllable.
Walker.
2. A character, or accent, denoting in Greek a rise
and of the voice on the same long syllable, marked thus [~ or
Accent,
n., 2.
Cir"cum*flex, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Circumflexed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Circumflexing (?).]
To mark or pronounce with a circumflex.
Walker.
Cir"cum*flex, a. [Cf. L.
circumflexus, p. p.]
1. Moving or turning round; circuitous.
[R.]
Swift.
2. (Anat.) Curved circularly; -- applied
to several arteries of the hip and thigh, to arteries, veins, and
a nerve of the shoulder, and to other parts.
Cir`cum*flex"ion (?), n. 1.
The act of bending, or causing to assume a curved
form.
2. A winding about; a turning; a circuity; a
fold.
Cir*cum"flu*ence (?), n. A
flowing round on all sides; an inclosing with a fluid.
{ Cir*cum"flu*ent (?),
Cir*cum"flu*ous (?), } a.
[L. circumfluere, p. pr. of
circumfluere; circum + fluere to flow; also
L. circumfluus.] Flowing round; surrounding
in the manner of a fluid. \'bdThe deep,
circumfluent waves.\'b8
Pope.
{ Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*an (?),
Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*ous (?), } a.
[L. circumforaneus found in markets; circum
+ forum a market place.] Going about or abroad;
walking or wandering from house to house.
Addison.
Cir`cum*ful"gent (?), a. [Pref.
circum- + fulgent.] Shining
around or about.
Cir`cum*fuse" (?), v. t. [L.
circumfusus, p. p. of circumfundere to pour
around; circum + fundere to pour.] To pour
round; to spread round.
His army circumfused on either wing.
Milton.
Cir`cum*fu"sile (?), a. [Pref.
circum- + L. fusilis fusil,
a.] Capable of being poured or spread
round. \'bdCircumfusile gold.\'b8
Pope.
Cir`cum*fu"sion (?), n. [L.
circumfusio.] The act of pouring or
spreading round; the state of being spread round.
Swift.
Cir`cum*ges*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
circumgestare to carry around; circum +
gestare to carry.] The act or process of
carrying about. [Obs.]
Circumgestation of the eucharist to be adored.
Jer. Taylor.
Cir`cum*gy"rate (?), v. t. & i.
[Pref. circum- + gyrate.]
To roll or turn round; to cause to perform a rotary or
circular motion.
Ray.
Cir`cum*gy*ra"tion (?), n. The
act of turning, rolling, or whirling round.
A certain turbulent and irregular
circumgyration.
Holland.
Cir`cum*gy"ra*to*ry (?), a.
Moving in a circle; turning round.
Hawthorne.
Cir`cum*gyre" (?), v. i. To
circumgyrate. [Obs.]
Cir`cum*in*ces"sion (?), n.
[Pref. circum- + L. incedere,
incessum, to walk.] (Theol.) The
reciprocal existence in each other of the three persons of the
Trinity.
Cir`cum*ja"cence (?), n.
Condition of being circumjacent, or of bordering ou every
side.
Cir`cum*ja"cent (?), a. [L.
circumjacens, p. pr. of circumjacere;
circum + jac to lie.] Lying round;
borderong on every side.
T. Fuller.
Cir`cum*jo"vi*al (?), n. [Pref.
circum- + L. Jupiter, gen.
Jovis, Jove.] One of the moons or
satellites of the planet Jupiter. [Obs.]
Derham.
Cir`cum*lit"to*ral (?), a.
[Pref. circum- + littus,
littoris, shore; preferable form, litus,
litoria.] Adjointing the shore.
Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion (?), n. [L.
circumlocutio, fr. circumloqui,
-locutus, to make use of circumlocution; circum +
loqui to speak. See Loquacious.] The
use of many words to express an idea that might be expressed by
few; indirect or roundabout language; a periphrese.
the plain Billingagate way of calling names . . . would save
abundance of time lost by circumlocution.
Swift.
Circumlocution office, a term of riducle for a
governmental office where business is delayed by passing through
the hands of different officials.
Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion*al (?), a.
Relating to, or consisting of, circumlocutions;
periphrastic; circuitous.
Cir`cum*loc"u*to*ry (?), a.
Characterised by circumlocution; periphrastic.
Shenstone.
The officials set to work in regular circumlocutory
order.
Chambers's Journal.
Cir`cum*me*rid"i*an (?), a.
[Pref. circum- + meridian.]
About, or near, the meridian.
Cir`cum*mure" (?), v. t. [Pref.
circum- + mure, v. t.] To
encompass with a wall.
Shak.
Cir`cum*nav"i*ga*ble (?), a.
Capable of being sailed round.
Ray.
Cir`cum*nav"i*gate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumnavigated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Circumnavigating (?).] [L.
circumnavigatus, p. p. of circumnavigare to
sail round; circum + navigare to navigate.]
To sail completely round.
Having circumnavigated the whole earth.
T. Fuller.
Cir`cum*nav`i*ga"tion (?), n.
The act of circumnavigating, or sailing round.
Arbuthnot.
Cir`cum*nav"iga`tor (?), n. One
who sails round.
W. Guthrie.
Cir`cum*nu"tate (?), v. i.
[Pref. circum- + nutate.]
To pass through the stages of circumnutation.
Cir`cum*nu*ta"tion (?), n.
(Bot.) The successive bowing or bending in
different directions of the growing tip of the stems of many
plants, especially seen in climbing plants.
Cir`cum*po"lar (?), a. [Pref.
circum- + polar.] About the
pole; -- applied to stars that revolve around the pole without
setting; as, circumpolar stars.
Cir`cum*po*si"tion (?), n. [L.
circumpositio, fr. circumponere, -
positium, to place around.] The act of
placing in a circle, or round about, or the state of being so
placed.
Evelyn.
{ Cir`cum*ro"tary (?),
Cir`cum*ro"ta*to*ry (?), } a.
[Pref. circum- + rotary,
rotatory.] turning, rolling, or whirling
round.
Cir`cum*ro"tate (?), v. t. & i.
[L. circumrotare; circum + rotare to
turn round.] To rotate about. [R.]
Cir`cum*ro*ta"tion (?), n. The
act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel; circumvolution;
the state of being whirled round.
J. Gregory.
Cir`cum*scis"sile (?), a.
[Pref. circum- + scissle.]
(Bot.) Dehiscing or opening by a transverse
fissure extending around (a capsule or pod). See
Illust. of Pyxidium.
Cir`cum*scrib"a*ble (?), a.
Capable of being circumscribed.
Cir`cum*scribe" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumscribed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Circumscribing.] [L.
circumscribere, -scriptum; circum +
scribere to write, draw. See Soribe.]
1. to write or engare around.
[R.]
Thereon is circumscribed this epitaph.
Ashmole.
2. To inclose within a certain limit; to hem in; to
surround; to bound; to confine; to restrain.
To circumscribe royal power.
Bancroft.
3. (Geom.) To draw a line around si as
to touch at certain points without cutting. See
Inscribe, 5.
Syn. -- To bound; limit; restrict; confine; abridge;
restrain; environ; encircle; inclose; encompass.
Cir`cum*scrib"er (?), n. One
who, or that which, circumscribes.
Cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble (?), a.
Capable of being circumscribed or limited by bounds.
Cir`cum*scrip"tion (?), n. [L.
circumscriptio. See Circumscribe.]
1. An inscription written around anything.
[R.]
Ashmole.
2. The exterior line which determines the form or
magnitude of a body; outline; periphery.
Ray.
3. The act of limiting, or the state of being
limited, by conditions or restraints; bound; confinement;
limit.
The circumscriptions of terrestrial nature.
Johnson.
I would not my unhoused, free condition
Put into circumscription and confine.
Shak.
Cir`cum*scrip"tive (?), a.
Circumscribing or tending to circumscribe; marcing the
limits or form of.
Cir`cum*scrip"tive*ly, adv. In a limited
manner.
Cir"cum*script`ly (?), adv. In
a literal, limited, or narrow manner. [R.]
Milton.
Cir"cum*spect (?), a. [L.
circumspectus, p. p. of circumspicere to
look about one's self, to observe; circum + spicere,
specere, to look. See Spy.]
Attentive to all the circustances of a case or the probable
consequences of an action; cautious; prudent; wary.
Syn. -- See Cautious.
Cir`cum*spec"tion (?), n. [L.
circumspectio.] Attention to all the facts
and circumstances of a case; caution; watchfulness.
With silent circumspection, unespied.
Milton.
Syn. -- Caution; prudence; watchfulness; deliberation;
thoughtfulness; wariness; forecast.
<-- p. 259 -->
Cir`cum*spec"tive (?), a.
Looking around everi way; cautious; careful of consequences;
watchful of danger. \'bdCircumspective eyes.\'b8
Pope.
Cir`cum*spec"tive*ly, adv.
Circumspectly.
Cir"cum*spect"ly (?), adv. In a
circumspect manner; cautiously; warily.
Cir"cum*spect"ness, n. Vigilance un
guarding against evil from every quarter; caution.
[Travel] forces circumspectness on those abroad,
who at home are nursed in security.
Sir H. Wotton.
Cir"cum*stance (?), n. [L.
circumstantia, fr. circumstans,
-antis, p. pr. of circumstare to stand
around; circum + stare to stand. See
Stand.] 1. That which attends, or
relates to, or in some way affects, a fact or event; an attendant
thing or state of things.
The circumstances are well known in the country
where they happened.
W. Irving.
2. An event; a fact; a particular incident.
The sculptor had in his thoughts the conqoeror weeping for new
worlds, or the like circumstances in histery.
Addison.
3. Circumlocution; detail.
[Obs.]
So without more circumstance at all
I hold it fit that shake hands and part.
Shak.
4. pl. Condition in regard to worldly
estate; state of property; situation; surroundings.
When men are easy in their circumstances, they are
naturally enemies to innovations.
Addison.
Not a circumstance, of no account.
[Colloq.] -- Under the
circumstances, taking all things into
consideration.
Syn. -- Event; occurrence; incident; situation; condition;
position; fact; detail; item. See Event.
Cir"cum*stance, v. t. To place in a
particular situation; to suppy relative incidents.
The poet took the matters of fact as they came down to him and
circumstanced them, after his own manner.
Addison.
Cir"cum*stanced (?), p. a.
1. Placed in a particular position or condition;
situated.
The proposition is, that two bodies so
circumstanced will balance each other.
Whewell.
2. Governed by events or circumstances.
[Poetic & R.] \'bdI must be
circumstanced.\'b8
Shak.
Cir"cum*stant (?), a. [L.
circumstans. See Circumstance.]
Standing or placed around; surrounding.
[R.] \'bdCircumstant bodies.\'b8
Sir K. Digby.
Cir`cum*stan"tia*ble (?), a.
Capable of being circumstantiated. [Obs.]
Jer Taylor.
Cir`cum*stan"tial (?), a. [Cf.
F. circonstanciel.]
1. Consisting in, or pertaining to, circumstances
or particular incidents.
The usual character of human testimony is substantial truth
under circumstantial variety.
Paley.
2. Incidental; relating to, but not
essential.
We must therefore distinguish between the essentials in
religious worship . . . and what is merely
circumstantial.
Sharp.
3. Abounding with circumstances; detailing or
exhibiting all the circumstances; minute; particular.
Tedious and circumstantial recitals.
Prior.
Circumstantial evidence (Law),
evidence obtained from circumstances, which necessarily or
usually attend facts of a particular nature, from which arises
presumption. According to some authorities
circumstantial is distinguished from positive
evidence in that the latter is the testimony of eyewitnesses to a
fact or the admission of a party; but the prevalent opinion now
is that all such testimony is dependent on circumstances for its
support. All testimony is more or less circumstantial.
Wharton.
Syn. -- See Minute.
Cir`cum*stan"tial, n. Something
incidental to the main subject, but of less importance; opposed
to an essential; -- generally in the plural; as,
the circumstantials of religion.
Addison.
Cir`cum*stan`ti*al"i*ty (?), n.
The state, characteristic, or quality of being
circumstantial; particularity or minuteness of detail.
\'bdI will endeavor to describe with sufficient
circumstantiality.\'b8
De Quincey.
Cir`cum*stan"tial*ly (?), adv.
1. In respect to circumstances; not essentially;
accidentally.
Of the fancy and intellect, the powers are only
circumstantially different.
Glanvill.
2. In every circumstance or particular;
minutely.
To set down somewhat circumstantially, not only the
events, but the manner of my trials.
Boyle.
Cir`cum*stan"ti*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumstantiated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Circumstantiating (?).] [See
Circumstantiating (
1. To place in particular circumstances; to invest
with particular accidents or adjuncts. [R.]
If the act were otherwise circumstantiated, it
might will that freely which now it wills reluctantly.
Bramhall.
2. To prove or confirm by circumstances; to entr
into details concerning.
Neither will time permint to circumstantiate these
particulars, which I have only touched in the general.
State Trials (1661).
Cir`cum*ter*ra"ne*ous (?), a.
[Pref. circum- + L. terra
earth.] Being or dwelling around the earth.
\'bdCircumterraneous demouns.\'b8
H. Hallywell.
Cir`cum*un"du*late (?), v. t.
[Pref. circum- + undulate.]
To flow round, as waves. [R.]
Cir`cum*val"late (?), v. t. [L.
circumvallatus, p. p. of circumvallare to
surround with a wall; circum + vallare to
wall, fr. vallum rampart.] To surround with
a rampart or wall.
Johnson.
Cir`cum*val"late (?), a. 1.
Surrounded with a wall; inclosed with a rampart.
2. (Anat.) Surrounded by a ridle or
elevation; as, the circumvallate papill\'91, near
the base of the tongue.
Cir`cum*val*la"tion (?), n.
(Mil.) (a) The act of surrounding with a
wall or rampart. (b) A line of field works
made around a besieged place and the besieging army, to protect
the camp of the besiegers against the attack of an enemy from
without.
Cir`cum*vec"tion (?), n. [L.
circumvectio; circum + vehere to
carry.] The act of carrying anything around, or the
state of being so carried.
Cir`cum*vent" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumvented;
p. pr. vb. n. Circumventing.]
[L. circumventis, p. p. of
circumvenire, to come around, encompass, decieve;
circum + venire to come, akin to E.
come.] To gain advantage over by arts,
stratagem, or deception; to decieve; to delude; to get
around.
I circumvented whom I could not gain.
Dryden.
Cir`cum*ven"tion (?), n. [L.
circumventio.] The act of prevailing over
another by arts, address, or fraud; deception; fraud; imposture;
delusion.
A school in which he learns sly circumvention.
Cowper.
Cir`cum*vent"ive (?), a.
Tending to circumvent; deceiving by artifices;
deluding.
Cir`cum*vent"or (?), n.
[L.] One who circumvents; one who gains his
purpose by cunning.
Cir`cum*vest" (?), v. t. [L.
circumvestire; circum + vestire to
clothe.] To cover round, as woth a garment; to
invest. [Obs.]
Circumvested with much prejudice.
Sir H. Wotton.
Cir*cum"vo*lant (?), a. [L.
circumvolans, p. pr. See
Circumvolation.] Flying around.
The circumvolant troubles of humanity.
G. Macdonald.
Cir`cum*vo*la"tion (?), n. [L.
circumvolate. -volatum, to fly around;
circum + volare to fly.] The act of flying
round. [R.]
Cir`cum*vo*lu"tion (?), n. [See
Circumvolve.]
1. The act of rolling round; the state of being
rolled.
2. A thing rolled round another.
Arbuthnot.
3. A roundabout procedure; a circumlocution.
He had neither time nor temper for sentimental
circumvolutions.
Beaconsfield.
Cir`cum*volve" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumvolved
(?); p. pr. vb. n.
Circumvolving.] [L.
circumvolvere, -volutum; circum +
volvere to roll.] To roll round; to cause to
revolve; to put into a circular motion.
Herrick.
Cir`cum*volve", v. i. To roll round; to
revolve.
Cir"cus (?), n.; pl.
Circuses (#). [L.
circus circle, ring, circus (in sense 1). See
Circle, and cf. Cirque.]
1. (Roman Antiq.) A level oblong space
surrounded on three sides by seats of wood, earth, or stone,
rising in tiers one above another, and divided lengthwise through
the middle by a barrier around which the track or course was laid
out. It was used for chariot races, games, and public
shows.
Circus Maximus at Rome could contain
more than 100,000 spectators.
Harpers' Latin Dict.
2. A circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats
of horsemanship, acrobatic displays, etc. Also, the company of
performers, with their equipage.
3. Circuit; space; inclosure.
[R.]
The narrow circus of my dungeon wall.
Byron.
Cirl" bun`ting (?). [Cf. It.
cirlo.] (Zo\'94l.) A European
bunting (Emberiza cirlus).
Cirque (?), n. [F., fr. L.
circus.]
1. A circle; a circus; a circular erection or
arrangement of objects.
A dismal cirque
Of Druid stones upon a forlorn moor.
Keats.
2. A kind of circular valley in the side of a
mountain, walled around by precipices of great height.
Cir"rate (?), a. [L.
cirratus having ringlets, fr. cirrus a
curl.] (Zo\'94l.) Having cirri along the
margin of a part or organ.
Cir*rhif"er*ous (?), a. See
Cirriferous.
Cir"rhose (?), a. Same as
Cirrose.
\'d8Cir*rho"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. cirrhose. So called
from the yellowish appearance which the diseased liver often
presents when cut.] (Med.) A disease of the
liver in which it usually becomes smaller in size and more dense
and fibrous in consistence; hence sometimes applied to similar
changes in other organs, caused by increase in the fibrous
framework and decrease in the proper substance of the
organ.
Cir*rhot"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to, caused by, or affected with, cirrhosis; as,
cirrhotic degeneration; a cirrhotic
liver.
Cir"rhous (?), a. See
Cirrose.
Cir"rhus (?), n. Same as
Cirrus.
\'d8Cir"ri (?), n. pl. See
Cirrus.
Cir*rif"er*ous (?), a.
[Cirrus + -ferous.] Bearing
cirri, as many plants and animals.
Cir"ri*form (?), a.
[Cirrus + -form.]
(Biol.) Formed like a cirrus or tendril; -- said
of appendages of both animals and plants.
Cir*rig"er*ous (?), a.
[Cirrus + -gerous.]
(Biol.) Having curled locks of hair; supporting
cirri, or hairlike appendages.
Cir"ri*grade (?), a.
[Cirrus + L. gradi to walk.]
(Biol.) Moving or moved by cirri, or hairlike
appendages.
Cir"ri*ped (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Cirripedia.
\'d8Cir`ri*pe"di*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. cirrus curl + pes,
pedis, foot.] (Zo\'94l.) An
order of Crustacea including the barnacles. When adult, they have
a calcareous shell composed of several pieces. From the opening
of the shell the animal throws out a group of curved legs,
looking like a delicate curl, whence the name of the group. See
Anatifa.
\'d8Cir`ro*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. E. cirrus + L. branchiae
gills.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Mollusca
having slender, cirriform appendages near the mouth; the
Scaphopoda.
Cir`ro-cu"mu*lus (?), n.
[Cirrus + cumulus.]
(Meteor.) See under Cloud.
Cir"rose (?), a. [See
Cirrus.] (Bot.) (a)
Bearing a tendril or tendrils; as, a cirrose
leaf. (b) Resembling a tendril or
cirrus. [Spelt also cirrhose.]
\'d8Cir`ros"to*mi (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. E. cirrus + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The lowest group of vertebrates; -- so
called from the cirri around the mouth; the Leptocardia. See
Amphioxus.
Cir`ro-stra"tus (?), n.
[Cirrus + stratus.]
(Meteor.) See under Cloud.
Cir"rous (?), a. 1.
(Bot.) Cirrose.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Tufted; -- said of certain
feathers of birds.
\'d8Cir"rus (?), n.; pl.
Cirri (#). [L., lock, curl,
ringlet.] [Also written cirrhus.]
1. (Bot.) A tendril or clasper.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A soft
tactile appendage of the mantle of many Mollusca, and of the
parapodia of Annelida. Those near the head of annelids are
Tentacular cirri; those of the last segment are
caudal cirri. (b) The jointed,
leglike organs of Cirripedia. See Annelida, and
Polych\'91ta.
cirri
aid in locomotion; in others they are used in feeding; in the
Annelida they are mostly organs of touch. Some cirri
are branchial in function.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The external male organ of
trematodes and some other worms, and of certain Mollusca.
4. (Meteor.) See under
Cloud.
Cir"so*cele (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The
varicose dilatation of the spermatic vein.
Cir"soid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Med.)
Varicose.
Cirsoid aneurism, a disease of an artery in
which it becomes dilated and elongated, like a varicose
vein.
Cir*sot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) Any
operation for the removal of varices by incision.
Dunglison.
Cis- (?). A Latin preposition, sometimes
used as a prefix in English words, and signifying on this
side.
Cis*al"pine (?), a. [L.
Cisalpinus; cis on this side +
Alpinus Alpine.] On the hither side of the
Alps with reference to Rome, that is, on the south side of the
Alps; -- opposed to transalpine.
Cis`at*lan"tic (?), a. [Pref.
cis- + Atlantic.] On this side
of the Atlantic Ocean; -- used of the eastern or the western
side, according to the standpoint of the writer.
Story.
Cis"co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The Lake herring (Coregonus Artedi), valuable
food fish of the Great Lakes of North America. The name is also
applied to C. Hoyi, a related species of Lake
Michigan.
\'d8Ci`se*lure" (?), n.
[F.] The process of chasing on metals; also, the
work thus chased.
Weale.
Cis*lei"than (?), a. [Pref.
cis- + Leitha.] On the Austrian
side of the river Leitha; Austrian.
Cis*mon"tane (?), a. [Pref.
cis- + L. mons mountain.] On
this side of the mountains. See under
Ultramontane.
Cis"pa*dane` (?), a. [Pref.
cis- + L. Padanus, pert. to the
Padus or Po.] On the hither side of the
river Po with reference to Rome; that is, on the south
side.
Cis"soid (?), n. [Gr. (Geom.) A curve
invented by Diocles, for the purpose of solving two celebrated
problems of the higher geometry; viz., to trisect a plane angle,
and to construct two geometrical means between two given straight
lines.
Cist (?), n. [L.
cista box, chest, Gr. Chest.]
1. (Antiq.) A box or chest.
Specifically: (a) A bronze receptacle, round or oval,
frequently decorated with engravings on the sides and cover, and
with feet, handles, etc., of decorative castings. (b) A
cinerary urn. See Illustration in Appendix.
2. See Cyst.
Cist"ed, a. Inclosed in a cyst. See
Cysted.
Cis*ter"cian (?), n. [LL.
Cistercium. F. C\'8cteaux, a convent not
far from Dijon, in France: cf. F. cistercien.]
(Eccl.) A monk of the prolific branch of the
Benedictine Order, established in 1098 at C\'8cteaux, in France,
by Robert, abbot of Molesme. For two hundred years the
Cistercians followed the rule of St. Benedict in all its
rigor. -- a. Of or pertaining to the
Cistercians.
<-- p. 260 -->
Cis"tern (?), n. [OE.
cisterne, OF. cisterne, F.
cisterne, fr. L. cisterna, fr.
cista box, chest. See Cist, and cf.
chest.] 1. An artificial reservoir
or tank for holding water, beer, or other liquids.
2. A natural reservoir; a hollow place containing
water. \'bdThe wide cisterns of the lakes.\'b8
Blackmore.
Cist"ic (?), a. See
Cystic.
Cit (, n. [Contr. fr.
citizen.] A citizen; an inhabitant of a
city; a pert townsman; -- used contemptuously. \'bdInsulted as a
cit\'b8.
Johnson
Which past endurance sting the tender cit.
Emerson.
Cit"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being cited.
Cit"a*del (?), n. [F.
citadelle, It. citadella, dicitt city, fr. L. civitas. See
City.] A fortress in or near a fortified
city, commanding the city and fortifications, and intended as a
final point of defense.
Syn. - Stronghold. See
Fortress.
Cit"al (?), n. [From
Cite] 1. Summons to appear, as
before a judge. [R.]
Johnson
2. Citation; quotation [R.]
Johnson.
Ci*ta"tion (?), n. [F.
citation, LL. citatio, fr.L.
citare to cite. See Cite] 1.
An official summons or notice given to a person to appear;
the paper containing such summons or notice.
2. The act of citing a passage from a book, or from
another person, in his own words; also, the passage or words
quoted; quotation.
This horse load of citations and fathers.
Milton.
3. Enumeration; mention; as, a
citation of facts.
4. (Law) A reference to decided cases,
or books of authority, to prove a point in law.
Ci*ta"tor (?), n. One who
cites. [R]
Ci"ta*to*ry (?), a. [LL.
citatirius.] Having the power or form of a
citation; as, letters citatory.
Cite (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cited; p. pr. &
vb. n. Citing] [F.
citer, fr. L. citare, intens. of
cire, ci\'c7re, to put in motion, to
excite; akin to Gr.
1. To call upon officially or authoritatively to
appear, as before a court; to summon.
The cited dead,
Of all past ages, to the general doom
Shall hasten.
Milton.
Cited by finger of God.
De Quincey.
2. To urge; to enjoin. [R.]
Shak.
3. To quote; to repeat, as a passage from a book,
or the words of another.
The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose.
Shak.
4. To refer to or specify, as for support, proof,
illustration, or confirmation.
The imperfections which you have cited.
Shak.
5. To bespeak; to indicate.
[Obs.]
Aged honor cites a virtuous youth.
Shak.
6. (Law) To notify of a proceeding in
court.
Abbot
Syn. -- To quote; mention, name; refer to; adduce; select;
call; summon. See Quote.
Cit"er (?), n. One who
cites.
Cit"ess (?), n. [From
Cit.] A city woman [R.]
Cith"a*ra (?), n. [L. Cf.
Cittern, Guitar.] (Mus.)
An ancient instrument resembling the harp.
Cith`a*ris"tic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining, or adapted, to the
cithara.
Cith"ern (?), n. See
Cittern.
Cit"i*cism (?), n. [From
cit.] The manners of a cit or
citizen.
Cit"ied (?), a. 1.
Belonging to, or resembling, a city. \'bdSmoky,
citied towns\'b8 [R.]
Drayton.
2. Containing, or covered with, cities.
[R.] \'bdThe citied earth.\'b8
Keats.
Cit"i*fied (?), a.
[City +-fy.] Aping, or
having, the manners of a city.
\'d8Cit`i*gra"d\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. citus swift (p. p. of
cire, ciere, to move) + gradi to
walk. See Cite.] (Zo\'94l.) A
suborder of Arachnoidea, including the European tarantula and the
wolf spiders (Lycosidae) and their allies, which
capture their prey by rapidly running and jumping. See Wolf
spider.
Cit"i*grade (?), a. [Cf. F.
citigrade.] (Zo\'94l.)
Pertaining to the Citigrad\'91. -- n.
One of the Citigrad\'91.
Cit"i*ner (?), n. One who is
born or bred in a city; a citizen. [Obs.]
Champan.
Cit"i*zen (?), n. [OE.
citisein, OF. citeain, F.
citoyen, fr. cit\'82 city. See
City, and cf. Cit.] 1. One
who enjoys the freedom and privileges of a city; a freeman of a
city, as distinguished from a foreigner, or one not entitled to
its franchises.
That large body of the working men who were not counted as
citizens and had not so much as a vote to serve as an
anodyne to their stomachs.
G. Eliot.
2. An inhabitant of a city; a townsman.
Shak.
3. A person, native or naturalized, of either sex,
who owes allegiance to a government, and is entitled to
reciprocal protection from it.
Abbot
4. One who is domiciled in a country, and who is a
citizen, though neither native nor naturalized, in such a sense
that he takes his legal status from such
country.
Cit"i*zen, a. 1. Having the
condition or qualities of a citizen, or of citizens; as, a
citizen soldiery.
2. Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a city;
characteristic of citizens; effeminate; luxurious.
[Obs.]
I am not well,
But not so citizen a wanton as
To seem to die ere sick.
Shak.
Cit"i*zen*ess, n. A female
citizen. [R.]
Cit"i*zen*ship, n. The state of being a
citizen; the status of a citizen.
Cit"ole (?), n. [OF.
citole, fr. L. cithara. See
Cittern.] (Mus.) A musical instrument;
a kind of dulcimer. [Obs.]
Cit`ra*con"ic (?), a.
[Citric + aconitic.]
Pertaining to, derived from, or having certain
characteristics of, citric and aconitic acids.
Citraconic acid (Chem.), a white,
crystalline, deliquescent substance,
C3H4(CO2H)2, obtained by distillation of citric
acid. It is a compound of the ethylene series.
Cit"rate (?), n. [From
Citric.] (Chem.) A salt of citric
acid.
Cit"ric (?), a. [Cf. F.
citrique. See Citron.]
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the
citron or lemon; as, citric acid.
Citric acid (Chem.), an organic
acid, C3H4OH.(CO2H)3, extracted from lemons,
currants, gooseberies, etc., as a white crystalline substance,
having a pleasant sour taste.
Cit`ri*na"tion (?), n. [See
Citrine.] The process by which anything
becomes of the color of a lemon; esp., in alchemy, the state of
perfection in the philosopher's stone indicated by its assuming a
deep yellow color.
Thynne.
Cit"rine (?), a. [F.
citrin. See Citron.] Like a citron
or lemon; of a lemon color; greenish yellow.
Citrine ointment (Med.), a
yellowish mercurial ointment, the unquentum hydrargyri
nitratis.
Cit"rine, n. A yellow, pellucid variety
of quartz.
Cit"ron (?), n. [F.
citron, LL. citro, fr. L. citrus
citron tree (cf. citreum, sc. malum, a citron), from
Gr. 1. (Bot) A fruit
resembling a lemon, but larger, and pleasantly aromatic. The
thick rind, when candied, is the citron of commerce.
2. A citron tree.
3. A citron melon.
Citron melon. (a) A small variety of
muskmelon with sugary greenish flesh. (b) A small
variety of watermelon, whose solid white flesh is used in making
sweetmeats and preserves. -- Citron tree
(Bot.), the tree which bears citrons. It was
probably a native of northern India, and is now understood to be
the typical form of Citrus Medica.
\'d8Cit"rus (?), n. [L., a
citron tree.] (Bot.) A genus of trees
including the orange, lemon, citron, etc., originally natives of
southern Asia.
Cit"tern (?), n.
[L.cithara, Gr. Cithara,
Gittern.] (Mus.) An instrument
shaped like a lute, but strung with wire and played with a quill
or plectrum. [Written also
cithern.]
Shak.
zither.
Cit"tern-head` (?), n.
Blockhead; dunce; -- so called because the handle of a
cittern usually ended with a carved head.
Marsion
Cit"y (, n.; pl.
Cities (#). [OE. cite,
F. citcivitas citizenship,
state, city, fr. civis citizen; akin to Goth.
heiwa (in heiwafrauja man of the house),
AS. heirath marriage, prop., providing a house, E.
hind a peasant.] 1. A large
town.
2. A corporate town; in the United States, a town
or collective body of inhabitants, incorporated and governed by a
mayor and aldermen or a city council consisting of a board of
aldermen and a common council; in Great Britain, a town
corporate, which is or has been the seat of a bishop, or the
capital of his see.
A city is a town incorporated; which is, or has
been, the see of a bishop; and though the bishopric has been
dissolved, as at Westminster, it yet remaineth a
city.
Blackstone
When Gorges constituted York a city, he of course
meant it to be the seat of a bishop, for the word city
has no other meaning in English law.
Palfrey
3. The collective body of citizens, or inhabitants
of a city. \'bdWhat is the city but the
people?\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- See Village.
Cit"y, a. Of or pertaining to a
city.
Shak.
City council. See under Council.
-- City court, The municipal court of a city.
[U. S.] -- City ward, a watchman, or
the collective watchmen, of a city. [Obs.]
Fairfax.
Cive (?), n. (Bot.)
Same as Chive.
Civ"et (?), n. [F.
civette (cf. It. zibetto) civet, civet cat,
fr. LGr. zub, zab,
civet.]
1. A substance, of the consistence of butter or
honey, taken from glands in the anal pouch of the civet
(Viverra civetta). It is of clear yellowish or
brownish color, of a strong, musky odor, offensive when
undiluted, but agreeble when a small portion is mixed with
another substance. It is used as a perfume.
2. (Zo\'94l) The animal that produces
civet (Viverra civetta); -- called also civet
cat. It is carnivorous, from two to three feet long,
and of a brownish gray color, with transverse black bands and
spots on the body and tail. It is a native of northern Africa and
of Asia. The name is also applied to other species.
Civ"et (?), v. t. To scent or
perfume with civet.
Cowper
Civ"ic (?), a. [L.civicus, fr.
civis citizen. See City.] Relating
to, or derived from, a city or citizen; relating to man as a
member of society, or to civil affairs.
Civic crown (Rom. Antiq.), a crown
or garland of oak leaves and acorns, bestowed on a soldier who
had saved the life of a citizen in battle.
Civ"i*cism (?), n. The
principle of civil government.
Civ"ics (?), n. The science of
civil government.
Civ"il (?), a. [L.
civilis, fr. civis citizen: cf. F.
civil. See City.] 1.
Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his
relations to his fellow citizens or to the state; within the city
or state.
2. Subject to government; reduced to order;
civilized; not barbarous; -- said of the community.
England was very rude and barbarous; for it is but even the
other day since England grew civil.
Spenser.
3. Performing the duties of a citizen; obedient to
government; -- said of an individual.
Civil men come nearer the saints of God than
others; they come within a step or two of heaven.
Preston
4. Having the manners of one dwelling in a city, as
opposed to those of savages or rustics; polite; courteous;
complaisant; affable.
civil man now is one observant of
slight external courtesies in the mutual intercourse between man
and man; a civil man once was one who fulfilled all
the duties and obligations flowing from his position as a 'civis'
and his relations to the other members of that
'civitas.'\'b8
Trench
5. Pertaining to civic life and affairs, in
distinction from military, ecclesiastical, or official
state.
6. Relating to rights and remedies sought by action
or suit distinct from criminal proceedings.
Civil action, an action to enforce the rights
or redress the wrongs of an individual, not involving a criminal
proceeding. -- Civil architecture, the
architecture which is employed in constructing buildings for the
purposes of civil life, in distinction from military and naval
architecture, as private houses, palaces, churches, etc. --
Civil death. (Law.) See under
Death. -- Civil engineering. See
under Engineering. -- Civil law. See
under Law. -- Civil list. See under
List. -- Civil remedy (Law),
that given to a person injured, by action, as opposed to a
criminal prosecution. -- Civil service, all
service rendered to and paid for by the state or nation other
than that pertaining to naval or military affairs. --
Civil service reform, the substitution of business
principles and methods for the spoils system in the conduct of
the civil service, esp. in the matter of appointments to
office. -- Civil state, the whole body of the
laity or citizens not included under the military, maritime, and
ecclesiastical states. -- Civil suit. Same as
Civil action. -- CCivil war. See
under War. -- Civil year. See under
Year.
Ci*vil"ian (?), n. [From
Civil] 1. One skilled in the civil
law.
Ancient civilians and writers upon government.
Swift.
2. A student of the civil law at a university or
college.
R. Graves.
3. One whose pursuits are those of civil life, not
military or clerical.
Civ"il*ist (?), n. A
civilian. [R.]
Warbur
Ci*vil"l*ty (?), n.; pl.
Civilities (#). [L.
civilitas: cf. F. civilit\'82. See
Civil.] 1. The state of society in
which the relations and duties of a citizen are recognized and
obeyed; a state of civilization. [Obs.]
Monarchies have risen from barbarrism to civility,
and fallen again to ruin.
Sir J. Davies.
The gradual depature of all deeper signification from the word
civility has obliged the creation of another word --
civilization.
Trench.
2. A civil office, or a civil process
[Obs.]
To serve in a civility.
Latimer.
3. Courtesy; politeness; kind attention; good
breeding; a polite act or expression.
The insolent civility of a proud man is, if
possible, more shocking than his rudeness could be.
Chesterfield.
The sweet civilities of life.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Urbanity; affability; complaisance.
Civ"i*li`za*ble (?), a. Capable
of being civilized.
Civ`i*li*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. civilisation.] 1. The act of
civilizing, or the state of being civilized; national culture;
refinement.
Our manners, our civilization, and all the good things
connected with manners, and with civilization, have,
in this European world of ours, depended for ages upon two
principles -- . . . the spirit of a gentleman, and spirit of
religion.
Burke
2. (Law) Rendering a criminal process
civil. [Obs.]
Civ"i*lize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Civilized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Civilizing.] [Cf. F.
civilizer, fr.L. civilis civil. See
Civil.] 1. To reclaim from a savage
state; to instruct in the rules and customs of civilization; to
educate; to refine.
Yet blest that fate which did his arms dispose
Her land to civilize, as to subdue.
Dryden
2. To admit as suitable to a civilized state.
[Obs. or R.] \'bdCivilizing adultery.\'b8
Milton.
Syn. -- To polish; refine; humanize.
Civ"i*lized (?), a. Reclaimed
from savage life and manners; instructed in arts, learning, and
civil manners; refined; cultivated.
Sale of conscience and duty in open market is not reconcilable
with the present state of civilized society.
J. Quincy.
Civ"i*li*zer (?), n. One who,
or that which, civilizes or tends to civilize.
Civ"i*ly (?), adv. In a civil
manner; as regards civil rights and privileges; politely;
courteously; in a well bred manner.
Civ"ism (?), n. [Cf.F.
civisme, fr.L. civis citizen.]
State of citizenship. [R.]
Dyer.
Ciz"ar (?), v. i. [From
Cizars.] To clip with scissors.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Ciz"ars (?), n. pl.
Scissors. [Obs.]
Swift.
Cize (?), n. Bulk; largeness.
[Obs.] See Size.
Clab"ber (?), n. [See
Bonnyclabber] Milk curdled so as to become
thick.
Clab"ber, v. i. To become clabber; to
lopper.
Clach"an (?), n. [Scot.,
fr.Gael.] A small village containing a church.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott
Sitting at the clachon alehouse.
R. L. Stevenson.
Clack (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clacked
(?);p. pr. & vb. n.
Clacking.] [Prob. of imitative origin;
cf. F.claquer to clap, crack, D. klakken,
MHG. klac crack, Ir. clagaim I make a
noise, ring. Cf. Clack, n., Clatter,
Click.] 1. To make a sudden, sharp
noise, or a succesion of such noises, as by striking an object,
or by collision of parts; to rattle; to click.
We heard Mr.Hodson's whip clacking on the ahoulders
of the poor little wretches.
Thackeray.
<-- p. 261 -->
2. To utter words rapidly and continually, or with
abruptness; to let the tongue run.
Clack (?), v. t. 1. To
cause to make a sudden, sharp noise, or succession of noises; to
click.
2. To utter rapidly and inconsiderately.
Feltham.
To clack wool, to cut off the sheep's mark, in
order to make the wool weigh less and thus yield less duty.
[Eng.]
Clack, n. [Cf. F. claque a
slap or smack, MHG. klac crack, W. clec
crack, gossip. See Clack, v. t.]
1. A sharp, abrupt noise, or succession of noises,
made by striking an object.
2. Anything that causes a clacking noise, as the
clapper of a mill, or a clack valve.
3. Continual or importunate talk; prattle;
prating.
Whose chief intent is to vaunt his spiritual
clack.
South.
Clack box (Mach.), the box or
chamber in which a clack valve works. -- Clack
dish, a dish with a movable lid, formerly carried by
beggars, who clacked the lid to attract notice.
Shak.
Clack door (Mining), removable
cover of the opening through which access is had to a pump
valve. -- Clack valve (Mach.), a
valve; esp. one hinged at one edge, which, when raised from its
seat, falls with a clacking sound.
Clack"er (?), n. 1.
One who clacks; that which clacks; especially, the clapper
of a mill.
2. A claqueur. See Claqueur.
Clad (?), v.t To clothe.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Clad, imp. & p. p. of
Clothe.
\'d8Cla*doc"e*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of the Entomostraca.
Clad"o*phyll (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A special
branch, resembling a leaf, as in the apparent foliage of the
broom (Ruscus) and of the common cultivated smilax
(Myrsiphillum).
Clag"gy (?), a. [Cf.
Clog.] Adhesive; -- said of a roof in a mine
to which coal clings.
Claik (?), n. See
Clake.
Claim (kl\'bem), v.
[imp. & p. p. Claimed
(kl\'bemd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Claiming.] [OE. clamen,
claimen, OF. clamer, fr. L.
clamare to cry out, call; akin to calare to
proclaim, Gr. kal to sound, G.
holen to fetch, E. hale haul.]
1. To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of
authority, right, or supposed right; to challenge as a right; to
demand as due.
2. To proclaim. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. To call or name. [Obs.]
Spenser.
4. To assert; to maintain.
[Colloq.]
Claim, v. i. To be entitled to anything;
to deduce a right or title; to have a claim.
We must know how the first ruler, from whom any one
claims, came by his authority.
Locke.
Claim, n. [Of. claim cry,
complaint, from clamer. See Claim,
v.t.] 1. A demand of a right or supposed
right; a calling on another for something due or supposed to be
due; an assertion of a right or fact.
2. A right to claim or demand something; a title to
any debt, privilege, or other thing in possession of another;
also, a title to anything which another should give or concede
to, or confer on, the claimant. \'bdA bar to all
claims upon land.\'b8
Hallam.
3. The thing claimed or demanded; that (as land) to
which any one intends to establish a right; as a settler's
claim; a miner's claim. [U.S. &
Australia]
4. A laoud call. [Obs.]
Spenser
To lay claim to, to demand as a right. \'bdDoth he lay
claim to thine inheritance?\'b8
Shak.
Claim"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being claimed.
Claim"ant (?), n. [Cf.
OF. clamant, p. pr. of clamer.
Cf.Clamant.] One who claims; one who asserts
a right or title; a claimer.
Claim"er (?), n. One who
claims; a claimant.
Claim"less, a. Having no claim.
\'d8Clair"-ob*scur" (, n.
[F. See Clare-obscure.] See
Chiaroscuro.
Clair*voy"ance (?), n.
[F.] A power, attributed to some persons while in
a mesmeric state, of discering objects not perceptible by the
senses in their normal condition.
Clair*voy"ant (?), a. [F., fr.
clair clear + voyant, p. pr. of
voir to see. See Clear, and
Vision.] Pertaining to clairvoyance;
discerning objects while in a mesmeric state which are not
present to the senses.
Clair*voy"ant n. One who is able, when
in a mesmeric state, to discern objects not present to the
senses.
{ Clake, Claik (?), }
n. (Zo\'94l.) The bernicle goose; --
called also clack goose.<-- now called
barnacle goose-->
Clam (?), n. [Cf.
Clamp, Clam, v. t.,
Clammy.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A
bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are edible;
as, the long clam (Mya arenaria), the
quahog or round clam (Venus mercenaria), the
sea clam or hen clam (Spisula
solidissima), and other species of the United States.
The name is said to have been given originally to the
Tridacna gigas, a huge East Indian bivalve.
You shall scarce find any bay or shallow shore, or cove of
sand, where you may not take many clampes, or
lobsters, or both, at your pleasure.
Capt. John Smith (1616).
Clams, or clamps, is a shellfish not
much unlike a coclke; it lieth under the sand.
Wood (1634).
2. (Ship Carp.) Strong pinchers or
forceps.
3. pl. (Mech.) A kind of
vise, usually of wood.
Blood clam. See under
Blood.
Clam (cl\'ddm), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clammed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clamming.] [Cf. AS.
cl\'91man to clam, smear; akin to Icel.
kleima to smear, OHG. kleimjan,
chleimen, to defile, or E. clammy.]
To clog, as with glutinous or viscous matter.
A swarm of wasps got into a honey pot, and there they cloyed
and clammed Themselves till there was no getting out
again.
L'Estrange.
Clam, v. i. To be moist or glutinous; to
stick; to adhere. [R.]
Dryden
Clam, n. Claminess; moisture.
[R.] \'bdThe clam of death.\'b8
Carlyle.
Clam, n. [Abbrev. fr.
clamor.] A crash or clangor made by ringing
all the bells of a chime at once.
Nares.
Clam, v. t. & i. To produce, in bell
ringing, a clam or clangor; to cause to clang.
Nares.
Cla"mant (?), a. [L.
clamans, p. pr. of clamare to call. Cf.
Claimant.] Crying earnestly, beseeching
clamorousky. \'bdClamant children.\'b8
Thomson.
Cla*ma"tion (?), n. [LL.
clamatio, fr. L. clamare to call.]
The act of crying out.
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8Clam`a*to"res (?), n. pl.
[L. clamator, pl. clamatores, a
bawler.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of passerine
birds in which the vocal muscles are but little developed, so
that they lack the power of singing.
Clam`a*to"rial (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the
Clamatores.
Clam"bake (?), n. The backing
or steaming of clams on heated stones, between layers of seaweed;
hence, a picnic party, gathered on such an occasion.
Clam"ber (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clambered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clambering.] [OE clambren,
clameren, to heap together, climb; akin to Icel.
klambra to clamp, G. klammern. Cf.
Clamp, Climb.] To climb with
difficulty, or with hands and feet; -- also used
figuratively.
The narrow street that clambered toward the
mill.
Tennyson.
Clam"ber, n. The act of
clambering.
T. Moore.
Clam"ber, v. t. To ascend by climbing
with difficulty.
Clambering the walls to eye him.
Shak.
Clam*jam"phrie (?), n. Low,
worthless people; the rabble. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Clam"mi*ly (?), adv. In a
clammy manner. \'bdOozing so clammily.\'b8
Hood.
Clam"mi*ness, n. State of being clammy
or viscous.
Clam"my (?), a.
[Compar. Clammier (?);
superl. Clammiest.] [Cf. AS.
cl\'bem clay. See Clam to clog, and cf.
Clay.] Having the quality of being viscous or
adhesive; soft and sticky; glutinous; damp and adhesive, as if
covered with a cold perspiration.
Clam"or (?), n. [OF.
clamour, clamur, F. clameur, fr.
L. clamor, fr. clamare to cry out. See
Claim.] 1. A great outcry or
vociferation; loud and continued shouting or exclamation.
Shak.
2. Any loud and continued noise.
Addison.
3. A continued expression of dissatisfaction or
discontent; a popular outcry.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Outcry; exclamation; noise; uproar.
Clam"or, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clamored (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clamoring.] 1. To
salute loudly. [R.]
The people with a shout
Rifted the air, clamoring their god with praise.
Milton.
2. To stun with noise. [R.]
Bacon.
3. To utter loudly or repeatedly; to shout.
Clamored their piteous prayer incessantly.
Longfellow.
To clamor bells, to repeat the strokes quickly so as to
produce a loud clang.
Bp. Warbur
Clam"or, v. i. To utter loud sounds or
outcries; to vociferate; to complain; to make importunate
demands.
The obscure bird
Clamored the livelong night.
Shak.
Clam"or*er (?), n. One who
clamors.
Clam"or*ous (?), a. [LL.
clamorosus, for L. Clamosus: cf. OF.
clamoreux.] Speaking and repeating loud
words; full of clamor; calling or demanding loudly or urgently;
vociferous; noisy; bawling; loud; turbulent. \'bdMy young
ones were clamorous for a morning's excursion.\'b8
Southey.
-- Clam"or*ous*ly, adv. --
Clam"or*ous*ness, n.
Clamp (?), n. [Cf. LG. & D.
klamp, Dan. klampe, also D.
klampen to fasten, clasp. Cf. Clam,
Cramp.] 1. Something rigid that
holds fast or binds things together; a piece of wood or metal,
used to hold two or more pieces together.
2. (a) An instrument with a screw or
screws by which work is held in its place or two parts are
temporarily held together. (b)
(Joinery) A piece of wood placed across another,
or inserted into another, to bind or strengthen.
3. One of a pair of movable pieces of lead, or
other soft material, to cover the jaws of a vise and enable it to
grasp without bruising.
4. (Shipbuilding) A thick plank on the
inner part of a ship's side, used to sustuan the ends of
beams.
5. A mass of bricks heaped up to be burned; or of
ore for roasting, or of coal coking.
6. A mollusk. See Clam.
[Obs.]
Clamp nails, nails used to fasten on clamps in ships.
Clamp (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clamped (?;
215) p. pr. & vb. n.
Clamping.] 1. To fasten with a
clamp or clamps; to apply a clamp to; to place in a clamp.
2. To cover, as vegetables, with earth.
[Eng.]
Clamp, n. [Prob. an imitative word.
Cf.Clank.] A heavy footstep; a tramp.
Clamp, v. i. To tread heavily or
clumsily; to clump.
The policeman with clamping feet.
Thackeray.
Clamp"er (?), n. An instrument
of iron, with sharp prongs, attached to a boot or shoe to enable
the wearer to walk securely upon ice; a creeper.
Kane.
Clan (?), n. [Gael.
clann offspring, descendants; akin to Ir.
clann, cland, offspring, tribe, family;
perh. from L. plania scion, slip, cutting. Cf.
Plant, n.] 1. A tribe or
collection of families, united under a chieftain, regarded as
having the same common ancestor, and bearing the same surname;
as, the clan of Macdonald. \'bdI have
marshaled my clan.\'b8
Campbell.
2. A clique; a sect, society, or body of persons;
esp., a body of persons united by some common interest or
pursuit; -- sometimes used contemptuously.
Partidge and the rest of his clan may hoot me.
Smolett.
The whole clan of the enlightened among us.
Burke.
Clan"cu*lar (?), a. [L.
clancularius , from clanculum secretly,
adv. dim. of clam secretly.] Conducted with
secrecy; clandestine; concealed. [Obs.]
Not close and clancular, but frank and open.
Barrow.
Clan"cu*lar*ly, adv. privately;
secretly. [Obs.]
Clan*des"tine (?), a. [L.
clandestinus, fr. clam secretly; akin to
celare, E. conceal: cf. F.
clandestin.] Conducted with secrecy;
withdrawn from public notice, usually for an evil purpose; kept
secret; hidden; private; underhand; as, a
clandestine marriage.
Locke.
Syn. -- Hidden; secret; private; concealed; underhand; sly;
stealthy; surreptitious; furtive; fraudulent.
-- Clan*des"tine*ly, adv. --
Clan*des"tine*ness, n.
Clan`des*tin"i*ty (?), n.
Privacy or secrecy. [R.]
Clang (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clanged
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clanging.] [L. clangere;
akin to Gr. clank.] To strike together so as to produce
a ringing metallic sound.
The fierce Caretes . . . clanged their sounding
arms.
Prior.
Clang, v. i. To give out a clang; to
resound. \'bdClanging hoofs.\'b8
Tennyson.
Clang, n. 1. A loud, ringing
sound, like that made by metallic substances when clanged or
struck together.
The broadsword's deadly clang,
As if a thousand anvils rang.
Sir W. Scott.
2. (Mus.) Qualyty of tone.
Clan"gor (?), n. [L., fr.
clangere. See Clang, v. t.]
A sharp, harsh, ringing sound.
Dryden.
Clan"gor*ous (?), a. [LL.
clangorosus.] Making a clangor; having a
ringing, metallic sound.
Clan"gous (?), a. Making a
clang, or a ringing metallic sound. [Obs.]
Clan*jam"frie (?), n. Same as
Clamjamphrie. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Clank (?), n. [Akin to
clink, and of imitative origin; cf. G.
klang sound, D. klank. Cf.
Clang.] A sharp, brief, ringing sound, made
by a collision of metallic or other sonorous bodies; -- usually
expressing a duller or less resounding sound than
clang, and a deeper and stronger sound than
clink.
But not in chains to pine,
His spirit withered with tyeur clank.
Byron.
Clank, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clanked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clanking.] To cause to sound
with a clank; as, the prisoners clank their
chains.
Clank, v. i. To sound with a
clank.
Clank"less, a. Without a clank.
Byreon.
Clan"nish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a clan; closely united, like a clan; disposed to
associate only with one's clan or clique; actuated by the
traditions, prejudices, habits, etc., of a clan.
-- Clan"nish*ly, adv. --
Clan"nish*ness, n.
Clan"ship, n. A state of being united
togheter as in a clan; an association under a chieftain.
Clans"man (?), n.; pl.
Clansmen (#). One belonging to the same
clan with another.
Clap (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clapped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clapping.] [AS. clappan;
akin to Icel. & Sw. klappa, D, klappen, to
clap, prate, G. klaffen, v.i., to split open, yelp,
klopfen, v.t. & i., to knock.] 1.
To strike; to slap; to strike, or strike together, with a
quick motion, so, as to make a sharp noise; as, to
clap one's hands; a clapping of
wings.
Then like a bird it sits and sings,
And whets and claps its silver wings.
Marvell.
2. To thrust, drive, put, or close, in a hasty or
abrupt manner; -- often followed by to,
into, on, or upon.
He had just time to get in and clap to the
door.
Locke
Clap an extinguaisher upon your irony.
Lamb.
3. To manifest approbation of, by striking the
hands together; to applaud; as, to clap a
performance.
To clap hands. (a) To pledge faith by
joining hands. [Obs.]
Shak.
(b) To express contempt or derision.
[Obs.]
Lam. ii. 15.
To clap hold of, to seize roughly or
quickly. -- To clap up. (a) To
imprison hastily or without due formality. (b)
To make or contrive hastily. [Obs.] \'bdWas
ever match clapped up so suddenly?\'b8
Shak.
Clap (?), v. i. 1. To
knock, as at a door. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To strike the hands together in applause.
Their ladies bid them clap.
Shak.
3. To come together suddenly with noise.
The doors around me clapped.
Dryden.
4. To enter with alacrity and briskness; -- with
to or into. [Obs.]
\'bdShall we clap into it roundly, without . . .
saying we are hoarse?\'b8
Shak.
5. To talk noisily; to chatter loudly.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Clap (?), n. 1. A loud
noise made by sudden collision; a bang. \'bdGive the door
such a clap, as you go out, as will shake the whole
room.\'b8
Swift.
2. A burst of sound; a sudden explosion.
Horrible claps of thunder.
Hakewill.
3. A single, sudden act or motion; a stroke; a
blow.
What, fifty of my followers at a clap!
Shak.
4. A striking of hands to express
approbation.
Unextrected claps or hisses.
Addison.
5. Noisy talk; chatter. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
6. (Falconry) The nether part of the
beak of a hawk.
Clap dish. See Clack dish, under
Clack, n. -- Clap net, a
net for taking birds, made to close or clap together.
Clap (?), n. [Cf. OF.
clapoir.] Gonorrhea.
Clap"board (?), n. 1.
A narrow board, thicker at one edge than at the other; --
used for weatherboarding the outside of houses. [U.
S.]
2. A stave for a cask. [Eng.]
Halliwell.
Clap"board, v. t. To cover with
clapboards; as, to clapboard the sides of a
house. [U. S.]
Bartlett.
{ Clap"bread` (?), Clap"cake`
(?) }, n. Oatmeal cake or bread
clapped or beaten till it is thin. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Clape (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A bird; the flicker.
Clap"per (?), n. 1. A
person who claps.
2. That which strikes or claps, as the tongue of a
bell, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill hopper, etc. See
Illust. of Bell.
Clapper rail (Zo\'94l.), an
Americam species of rail (Rallus scepitans).
Clap"per, n. [F.
clapier.] A rabbit burrow.
[Obs.]
Clap"per*claw (?), v. t.
[Clap + claw.] 1.
To fight and scratch.
C. Smart.
2. To abuse with the tongue; to revile; to
scold.
Claps (?), v. t. Variant of
Clasp [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Clap"trap` (?), n. 1.
A contrivance for clapping in theaters.
[Obs.]
2. A trick or device to gain applause;
humbug.
Clap"trap`, a. Contrived for the purpose
of making a show, or gaining applause; deceptive; unreal.
\'d8Claque (?), n. [F.]
A collection of persons employed to applaud at a theatrical
exhibition.
\'d8Cla`queur" (?), n.
[F.] One of the claque employed to applaud at a
theater.
Clare (?), n. A nun of the
order of St.Clare.
Clar"ence (?), n. A close
four-wheeled carriage, with one seat inside, and a seat for the
driver.
{ Clar"en*ceux, Clar"en*cieux }
(?), n. (Her.) See
King-at-arms.
Clar"en*don (?), n. A style of
type having a narrow and heave face. It is made in all
sizes.
Clare"-ob*scure" (?), n. [L.
clarus clear + obscurus obscure; cf. F.
clair-obscur. Cf. Chiaroscuro.]
(Painting) See Chiaroscuro.
Clar"et (?), n. [OE.
claret, clare, clarry, OF.
claret, clar, fr. cler, F.
clair, clear, fr. L. clarus clear. See
Clear.] The name firat given in England to
the red wines of M
Clar`i*bel"la (?), n. [NL.,
from L. clarus clear + bellus fine.]
(Mus.) A soft, sweet stop, or set of open wood
pipes in an organ.
Clar"i*chord (?), n. [F.
clatocorde, fr.L. clarus clear +
chorda string. See Chord.] A
musical instrument, formerly in use, in form of a spinet; --
called also manichord and
clavichord.
Clar`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. clarification, L. clarificatio
glorification.] 1. The act or process of
making clear or transparent, by freeing visible impurities;
as, the clarification of wine.
2. The act of freeing from obscurities.
The clarification of men's ideas.
Whewell.
Clar"i*fi`er (?), n. 1.
That which clarifies.
2. A vessel in which the process of clarification
is conducted; as, the clarifier in sugar
works.
Ure.
Clar"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clarified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clarifying.] [F. clarifier,
from L. clarificare; clarus clear +
facere to make. See Clear, and
Fact.] 1. To make clear or bright by
freeing from feculent matter; to defecate; to fine; -- said of
liquids, as wine or sirup. \'bdBoiled and
clarified.\'b8
Ure.
2. To make clear; to free from obscurities; to
brighten or illuminate.
To clarify his reason, and to rectify his will.
South.
3. To glorify. [Obs.]
Fadir, clarifie thi name.
Wyclif (John ii. 28).
Clar"i*fy, v. i. 1. To grow or
become clear or transparent; to become free from feculent
impurities, as wine or other liquid under clarification.
2. To grow clear or bright; to clear up.
Whosoever hath his mind fraught with many thoughts, his wits
and understanding do clarify and break up in the
discoursing with another.
Bacon.
Clar"i*gate (?), v. i. [L.
clarigare] To declare war with certain
ceremonies. [Obs.]
Holland.
Clar"i*net` (?), n. [F.
clarinette, dim. of clarine, from L.
clarus. See Clear, and cf.
Clarion.] (Mus.) A wind
instrument, blown by a single reed, of richer and fuller tone
than the oboe, which has a double reed. It is the leading
instrument in a military band. [Often improperly called
clarionet.]
\'d8Cla*ri"no (?), n. [It. a
trumpet.] (Mus.) A reed stop in an
organ.
Clar"i*on (?), n. [OE.
clarioun, OF. clarion, F.
clairon, LL. clario, claro; so
called from its clear tone, fr. L. clarus clear. See
Clear.] A kind of trumpet, whose note is
clear and shrill.
He sounds his imperial clarion along the whole line
of battle.
E. Everett.
Clar`i*o*net" (?), n. [See
Clarion, Clarinet.] (Mus.)
See Clarinet.
Cla*ris"o*nus (?), a. [L.
clarisonus; clarus + sonus.]
Having a clear sound. [Obs.]
Ash.
Clar"i*tude (?), n. [L.
claritudo, fr. clarus clear.]
Clearness; splendor. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Clar"i*ty (?), n. [L.
claritas, fr. clarus clear: cf. F.
clart\'82.] Clearness; brightness;
splendor.
Floods, in whose more than crystal clarity,
Innumerable virgin graces row.
Beaumont.
Cla"ro-ob*scu"ro (?), n. See
Chiaroscuro.
Clar`r\'82", n. [See
Claret.] Wine with a mixture of honey and
species. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Clart (?), v. t. [Cf. Armor.
kalar mud, mire, kalara to dirt, Sw.
lort mud.] To daub, smear, or spread, as
with mud, etc. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Clart"y (?), a. Sticky and
foul; muddy; filthy; dirty. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Clar"y (?), v. i. [Cf.
Clarion.] To make a loud or shrill
noise. [Obs.]
Golding.
Cla"ry (?), n. [Cf. LL.
sclarea, scarlea, D. & G.
scharlei, F. sclar\'82e.]
(Bot.) A plant (Salvia sclarea) of the
Sage family, used in flavoring soups.
Clary water, a composition of clary flowers
with brandy, etc., formerly used as a cardiac.
Clash (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clashed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clashing.] [Of imitative origin; cf. G.
klatschen, Prov. G. kleschen, D.
kletsen, Dan. klaske, E.
clack.] 1. To make a noise by
striking against something; to dash noisily together.
2. To meet in opposition; to act in a contrary
direction; to come onto collision; to interfere.
However some of his interests might clash with
those of the chief adjacent colony.
Palfrey.
Clash, v. t. To strike noisily against
or together.
Clash n. 1. A loud noise
resulting from collision; a noisy collision of bodies; a
collision.
The roll of cannon and clash of arms.
Tennyson.
2. Opposition; contradiction; as between differing
or contending interests, views, purposes, etc.
Clashes between popes and kings.
Denham.
Clash"ing*ly, adv. With clashing.
Clasp (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clasped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clasping] [OE. claspen,
clapsen, prob. akin to E. clap.]
1. To shut or fasten together with, or as with, a
clasp; to shut or fasten (a clasp, or that which fastens with a
clasp).
2. To inclose and hold in the hand or with the
arms; to grasp; to embrace.
3. To surround and cling to; to entwine
about. \'bdClasping ivy.\'b8
Milton.
Clasp, n. 1. An adjustable
catch, bent plate, or hook, for holding together two objects or
the parts of anything, as the ends of a belt, the covers of a
book, etc.
2. A close embrace; a throwing of the arms around;
a grasping, as with the hand.
Clasp knife, a large knife, the blade of which
folds or shuts into the handle. -- Clasp lock,
a lock which closes or secures itself by means of a
spring.
Clasp"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, clasps, as a tendril. \'bdThe
claspers of vines.\'b8
Derham.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of a pair
of organs used by the male for grasping the female among many of
the Crustacea. (b) One of a pair of male
copulatory organs, developed on the anterior side of the ventral
fins of sharks and other elasmobranchs. See Illust. of
Chim\'91ra.
Clasp"ered (?), a. Furnished
with tendrils.
Class (?), n. [F.
classe, fr. L. classis class, collection,
fleet; akin to Gr. claim, haul.] 1. A
group of individuals ranked together as possessing common
characteristics; as, the different classes of
society; the educated class; the lower
classes.
2. A number of students in a school or college, of
the same standing, or pursuing the same studies.
3. A comprehensive division of animate or inanimate
objects, grouped together on account of their common
characteristics, in any classification in natural science, and
subdivided into orders, families, tribes, gemera, etc.
4. A set; a kind or description, species or
variety.
She had lost one class energies.
Macaulay.
5. (Methodist Church) One of the
sections into which a church or congregation is divided, and
which is under the supervision of a class
leader.
Class of a curve (Math.), the kind
of a curve as expressed by the number of tangents that can be
drawn from any point to the curve. A circle is of the second
class. -- Class meeting (Methodist
Church), a meeting of a class under the charge of a
class leader, for counsel and relegious instruction.
Class (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Classed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Classing.] [Cf. F. classer.
See Class, n.] 1. To
arrange in classes; to classify or refer to some class; as,
to class words or passages.
classify is
used instead of to class.
Dana.
2. To divide into classes, as students; to form
into, or place in, a class or classes.
Class, v. i. To grouped or
classed.
The genus or famiky under which it classes.
Tatham.
Class"i*ble (?), a. Capable of
being classed.
{ Clas"sic (?), Clas"sic*al
(?), } a. [L. classicus
relating to the classes of the Roman people, and especially to
the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from
classis class: cf. F. classique. See
Class, n.] 1. Of or
relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or
art.
Give, as thy last memorial to the age,
One classic drama, and reform the stage.
Byron.
Mr. Greaves may justly be reckoned a classical
author on this subject [Roman weights and coins].
Arbuthnot.
2. Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and
Romans, esp. to Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of
the period when their best literature was produced; of or
pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and Romans,
or rendered famous by their deeds.
Though throned midst Latium's classic plains.
Mrs. Hemans.
The epithet classical, as applied to ancient
authors, is determined less by the purity of their style than by
the period at which they wrote.
Brande & C.
He [Atterbury] directed the classical studies of
the undergraduates of his college.
Macaulay.
3. Conforming to the best authority in literature
and art; chaste; pure; refined; as, a classical
style.
Classical, provincial, and national synods.
Macaulay.
Classicals orders. (Arch.) See
under Order.
Clas"sic, n. 1. A work of
acknowledged excellence and authrity, or its author; --
originally used of Greek and Latin works or authors, but now
applied to authors and works of a like character in any
language.
In is once raised him to the rank of a legitimate English
classic.
Macaulay.
2. One learned in the literature of Greece and
Rome, or a student of classical literature.
Clas"sic*al*ism (?), n. 1.
A classical idiom, style, or expression; a classicism.
2. Adherence to what are supposed or assumed to be
the classical canons of art.
Clas"sic*al*ist, n. One who adheres to
what he thinks the classical canons of art.
Ruskin.
{ Clas`si*cal"i*ty (?),
Clas"sic*al*ness (?), } n.
The quality of being classical.
Clas"sic*al*ly, adv. 1. In a
classical manner; according to the manner of classical
authors.
2. In the manner of classes; according to a regular
order of classes or sets.
Clas"si*cism (?), n. A classic
idiom or expression; a classicalism.
C. Kingsley.
Clas"si*cist (?), n. One
learned in the classics; an advocate for the classics.
Clas"si*fi`a*ble (?), a.
Capable of being classified.
Clas*sif"ic (?), a.
Characterizing a class or classes; relating to
classification.
Clas`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. classification.] The act of forming into
a class or classes; a distibution into groups, as classes,
orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or
affinities.
Artificial classification. (Science)
See under Artifitial.
Clas"si*fi*ca`to*ry (?), a.
Pertaining to classification; admitting of
classification. \'bdA classificatory system.\'b8
Earle.
Clas"si*fi`er (?), n. One who
classifies.
Clas"si*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & pp. Classified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Classifying.] [L. classis
class + To distribute into classes; to arrange
according to a system; to arrnge in sets according to some method
founded on common properties or characters.
Syn. -- To arrange; distibute; rank.
\'d8Clas"sis (?), n.; pl.
Classes (#). [L. See
Class, n.] 1. A class or
order; sort; kind. [Obs.]
His opinion of that classis of men.
Clarendon.
2. (Eccl.) An ecclesiastical body or
judicat
Class"man (?), n.; pl.
Classmen(#). 1. A member
of a class; a classmate.
2. A candidate for graduation in arts who is placed
in an honor class, as opposed to a passman, who is not
classified. [Oxford, Eng.]
Class"mate` (?), n. One who is
in the same class with another, as at school or college.
Clas"tic (?), a. [Gr. 1. Pertaining to
what may be taken apart; as, clastic anatomy (of
models).
2. (Min.) Fragmental; made up of brokas, sandstone is a clastic
rock.
Clath"rate (?), a. [L.
clathri latti 1.
(Bot.) Shaped like a lattice; cancellate.
Gray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the surface marked
with raised lines resembling a lattice, as many shells.
Clat"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clattered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clattering.] [AS. cla
a rattle, akin to D. klateren to rattle. Cf.
Clack.] 1. To make a rattling sound
by striking hard bodies together; to make a succession of abrupt,
rattling sounds.
Clattering loud with clamk.
Longfellow.
2. To talk fast and noisily; to rattle with the
tongue.
I see thou dost but clatter.
Spenser.
Clat"ter, v. t. To make a rattling noise
with.
You clatter still your brazen kettle.
Swift.
Clat"ter, n. 1. A rattling
noise, esp. that made by the collision of hard bodies; also, any
loud, abrupt sound; a repetition of abrupt sounds.
The goose let fall a golden egg
With cackle and with clatter.
Tennyson.
2. Commotion; disturbance. \'bdThose mighty feats
which made such a clatter in story.\'b8<-- sic. =
history?-->
Barrow.
<-- p. 263 -->
3. Rapid, noisy talk; babble; chatter.
\'bdHold still thy clatter.\'b8
Towneley Myst. (15 th Cent. ).
Throw by your clatter
And handle the matter.
B. Jonson
Clat"ter*er (?), n. One who
clatters.
Clat"ter*ing*ly, adv. With
clattering.
Claude" Lor*raine" glass` (?). [Its name
is supposed to be derived from the similarity of the effects it
gives to those of a picture by Claude Lorrain (often
written Lorraine).] A slightly convex
mirror, commonly of black glass, used as a toy for viewing the
reflected landscape.
Clau"dent (?), a. [L.
claudens, p. pr. of claudere to
shut.] Shutting; confining; drawing together; as,
a claudent muscle. [R.]
Jonson
Clau"di*cant (?), a. [L.
claudicans, p. pr. of claudicare to limp,
fr. claudus lame.] Limping.
[R.]
Clau`di*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
claudicatio.] A halting or limping.
[R.]
Tatler.
Clause (?), n. [F.
clause, LL. clausa, equiv. to L.
clausula clause, prop., close of claudere to shut, to end. See
Close.] 1. A separate portion of a
written paper, paragraph, or sentence; an article, stipulation,
or proviso, in a legal document.
The usual attestation clause to a will.
Bouvier.
2. (Gram.) A subordinate portion or a
subdivision of a sentence containing a subject and its
predicate.
Clause, n. [Obs.] See
Letters clause , under
Letter.
Claus"tral (?), a. [F., fr. LL.
claustralis, fr. L. claustrum. See
Cloister.] Cloistral.
Ayliffe
\'d8Claus"trum (?), n.; pl.
Claustra. [L., a bolt or bar.]
(Anat.) A thin lamina of gray matter in each
cerebral hemiphere of the brain of man. --
Claus"tral, a.
Clau"su*lar (?; 135), a. [From
L. clausula. See Clause, n.]
Consisting of, or having, clauses.
Smart.
Clau"sure (?; 135), n. [L.
clausura. See Closure.] The act of
shutting up or confining; confinement. [R.]
Geddes.
{ Cla"vate (?), Cla"va*ted
(?), } a. [L. clava
club.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Club-shaped;
having the form of a club; growing gradually thicker toward the
top. [See Illust. of
Antennae.]
Clave (?), imp. of
Cleave. [Obs.]
Clav"e*cin (?), n. [F.]
The harpsichord.
Cla"vel (?), n. See
Clevis.
Clav"el*late (?), a. See
Clavate.
Clav"el*la`ted (?), a. [Cf. LL.
cineres clavelatti ashes of burnt lees or dregs of
wine, F. clavel an inferior sort of soda, E.
clavate.] (Old Chem.) Said of
potash, probably in reference to its having been obtained from
billets of wood by burning. [Obs.]
Clav"er (?), n. [Obs.]
See Clover. Holland.
Clav"er, n. Frivolous or nonsensical
talk; prattle; chattering. [Scot. & North of
Eng.]
Emmy found herself entirely at a loss in the midst of their
clavers.
Thackeray.
Clav"i*chord (?), n. [F.
clavicorde, fr. L. clavis key +
chorda string.] (Mus.) A keyed
stringed instrument, now superseded by the pianoforte. See
Clarichord.
Clav"i*cle (?), n. [F.
clavicule, fr. L. clavicula a little key,
tendril, dim. of clavis key, akin to
claudere to shut. See Close, and cf.
Clef.] (Anat.) The collar bone,
which is joined at one end to the scapula, or shoulder blade, and
at the other to the sternum, or breastbone. In man each clavicle
is shaped like the letter
Clav"i*corn (?), a. [Cf. F.
clavicorne.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
club-shaped antenn\'91. See Antenn\'91 --
n. One of the Clavicornes.
\'d8Clav`i*cor"nes (?), n. pl.
[NL.; Fr. L. clava club + cornu
horn.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of beetles having
club-shaped antenn\'91.
Cla*vic"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
claviculaire. See Clavicle.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the clavicle.
Cla"vi*er (? F. ?), n. [F., fr.
L. clavis key.] (Mus.) The
keyboard of an organ, pianoforte, or harmonium.
Clavier (
Clav"i*form (?), a. [L.
clava club + -form.]
(Bot.) Club-shaped; clavate.
Craig.
\'d8Clav"i*ger (?), n. [L., fr.
clavis key + gerere to carry.]
One who carries the keys of any place.
\'d8Clav"i*ger, n. [L., fr.
clava club + gerere to carry.]
One who carries a club; a club bearer.
Cla*vig"er*ous (?), a. Bearing
a club or a key.
\'d8Cla"vis (?), n.; pl. L.
Claves (#), E. Clavises
(#). [L.] A key; a glossary.
\'d8Cla"vus (?), n. [L., a
nail.] A callous growth, esp. one the foot; a
corn.
Cla"vy (?), n.; pl.
Clavies (#). [Cf. F.
claveau centerpiece of an arch.]
(Arch.) A mantelpiece.
Claw (?), n. [AS.
clawu, cl\'be, cle\'a2; akin to
D. klaauw, G. Klaue, Icel. kl\'d3, SW. &
Dan. klo, and perh. to E. clew.]
1. A sharp, hooked nail, as of a beast or
bird.
2. The whole foot of an animal armed with hooked
nails; the pinchers of a lobster, crab, etc.
3. Anything resembling the claw of an animal, as
the curved and forked end of a hammer for drawing nails.
4. (Bot.) A slender appendage or
process, formed like a claw, as the base of petals of the
pink.
Gray.
Claw hammer, a hammer with one end of the
metallic head cleft for use in extracting nails, etc. --
Claw hammer coat, a dress coat of the swallowtail
pattern. [Slang] -- Claw sickness,
foot rot, a disease affecting sheep.
Claw (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clawed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Clawing.]
[AS. clawan. See Claw,
n.] 1. To pull, tear, or scratch
with, or as with, claws or nails.
2. To relieve from some uneasy sensation, as by
scratching; to tickle; hence, to flatter; to court.
[Obs.]
Rich men they claw, soothe up, and flatter; the
poor they contemn and despise.
Holland.
3. To rail at; to scold. [Obs.]
In the aforesaid preamble, the king fairly claweth the great
monasteries, wherein, saith he, religion, thanks be to God, is
right well kept and observed; though he claweth them
soon after in another acceptation.
T. Fuller
Claw me, claw thee,
stand by me and I will stand by you; -- an old proverb.
Tyndale.
To claw away, to scold or revile. \'bdThe
jade Fortune is to be clawed away for it, if you
should lose it.\'b8
L'Estrange.
To claw (one) on the back, to tickle; to express
approbation. (Obs.)
Chaucer.
-- To claw (one) on the gall, to find falt with;
to vex. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Claw, v. i. To scrape, scratch, or dig
with a claw, or with the hand as a claw.
\'bdClawing [in ash barrels] for bits of coal.\'b8
W. D. Howells.
To claw off (Naut.), to turn to
windward and beat, to prevent falling on a lee shore.
Claw"back` (?), n. A flatterer
or sycophant. [Obs.] \'bdTake heed of these
clawbacks.\'b8
Latimer.
Claw"back`, a. Flattering;
sycophantic. [Obs.]
Like a clawback parasite.
Bp. Hall.
Claw"back`, v. t. To flatter.
[Obs.]
Warner.
Clawed (?), a. Furnished with
claws.
N. Grew.
Claw"less, a. Destitute of claws.
Clay (?), n. [AS.
cl\'d6g; akin to LG. klei, D.
klei, and perh. to AS. cl\'bem clay, L.
glus, gluten glue, Gr. glue. Cf. Clog.]
1. A soft earth, which is plastuc, or may be molded
with the hands, consisting of hydrous silicate of alumunium. It
is the result of the wearing down and decomposition, in part, of
rocks containing aluminous minerals, as granite. Lime, magnesia,
oxide of iron, and other ingredients, are often present as
impurities.
2. (Poetry & Script.) Earth in general,
as representing the elementary particles of the human body;
hence, the human body as formed from such particles.
I also am formed out of the clay.
Job xxxiii. 6.
The earth is covered thick with other clay,
Which her own clay shall cover.
Byron.
Bowlder clay. See under Bowlder.
-- Brick clay, the common clay, containing some
iron, and therefore turning red when burned. -- Clay
cold, cold as clay or earth; lifeless; inanimate.
-- Clay ironstone, an ore of iron consisting of
the oxide or carbonate of iron mixed with clay or sand. --
Clay marl, a whitish, smooth, chalky clay. --
Clay mill, a mill for mixing and tempering clay; a
pug mill. -- Clay pit, a pit where clay is
dug. -- Clay slate (Min.),
argillaceous schist; argillite. -- Fatty
clays, clays having a greasy feel; they are chemical
compounds of water, silica, and aluminia, as
halloysite, bole, etc. -- Fire
clay , a variety of clay, entirely free from lime,
iron, or an alkali, and therefore infusible, and used for fire
brick. -- Porcelain clay, a very pure
variety, formed directly from the decomposition of feldspar, and
often called kaolin. -- Potter's clay,
a tolerably pure kind, free from iron.
Clay, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Claying.] 1. To cover or
manure with clay.
2. To clarify by filtering through clay, as
sugar.
Clay"-brained` (?), a.
Stupid. [Obs.]
Shak.
Clayes (?), n. pl. [F.
claie hurdle.] (Fort.) Wattles,
or hurdles, made with stakes interwoven with osiers, to cover
lodgments. [Obs.]
Clay"ey (?), a. Consisting of
clay; abounding with clay; partaking of clay; like clay.
Clay"ish, a. Partaking of the nature of
clay, or containing particles of it.
Clay"more` (?), n. [Gael.
claidheamhmor a broadsword; Gael.
claidheamh sword + mor great, large. Cf.
Claymore.] A large two-handed sword used
formerly by the Scottish Highlanders.
\'d8Clay*to"ni*a (?), n. [Named
after Dr.John Clayton, an American botanist.]
(Bot.) An American genus of perennial herbs with
delicate blossoms; -- sometimes called spring
beauty.
Clead"ing (?), n. [Scot.,
clothing. See Cloth.]
1. A jacket or outer covering of wood, etc., to
prevent radiation of heat, as from the boiler, cylinder. etc., of
a steam engine.
2. The planking or boarding of a shaft, cofferdam,
etc.
Clean (?), a. [Compar.
Cleaner (; superl.
Cleanest.] [OE. clene, AS.
cl; akin to OHG. chleini pure, neat,
graceful, small, G. klein small, and perh. to W.
glan clean, pure, bright; all perh. from a primitive,
meaning bright, shining. Cf.
Glair.] 1. Free from dirt or filth;
as, clean clothes.
2. Free from that which is useless or injurious;
without defects; as, clean land; clean
timber.
3. Free from awkwardness; not bungling; adroit;
dexterous; as, aclean trick; a clean leap
over a fence.
4. Free from errors and vulgarisms; as, a
clean style.
5. Free from restraint or neglect; complete;
entire.
When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make
clean riddance of corners of thy field.
Le
6. Free from moral defilement; sinless; pure.
Create in me a clean heart, O God.
Ps. li. 10
That I am whole, and clean, and meet for Heaven
Tennyson.
7. (Script.) Free from ceremonial
defilement.
8. Free from that which is corrupting to the
morals; pure in tone; healthy. \'bdLothair is
clean.\'b8
F. Harrison.
9. Well-proportioned; shapely; as, clean
limbs.
A clean bill of health, a certificate from the
proper authrity that a ship is free from infection. --
Clean breach. See under Breach,
n., 4. -- To make a clean breast.
See under Breast.
Clean, adv. 1. Without
limitation or remainder; quite; perfectly; wholly;
entirely. \'bdDomestic broils clean
overblown.\'b8
Shak.
\'bdClean contrary.\'b8
Milton.
All the people were passed clean over Jordan.
Josh. iii. 17.
2. Without miscarriage; not bunglingly;
dexterously. [Obs.] \'bdPope came off
clean with Homer.\'b8
Henley.
Clean (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cleaned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cleaning.] [See Clean,
a., and cf. Cleanse.] To render
clean; to free from whatever is foul, offensive, or extraneous;
to purify; to cleanse.
To clean out, to exhaust; to empty; to get
away from (one) all his money. [Colloq.]
De Quincey.
Clean"-cut` (?), a. See
Clear-cut.
Clean"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, cleans.
Clean"ing, n. 1. The act of
making clean.
2. The afterbirth of cows, ewes, etc.
Gardner.
Clean"li*ly (?), adv. In a
cleanly manner.
Clean"-limbed` (?), a. With
well-proportioned, unblemished limbs; as, a
clean-limbed young fellow.
Dickens.
Clean"li*ness (?), n. [From
Cleanly.] State of being cleanly; neatness of
person or dress.
Cleanliness from head to heel.
Swift.
Clean"ly (?), a.
[Compar. Cleanlier (?);
superl. Cleanliest.] [From
Clean.] 1. Habitually clean; pure;
innocent. \'bdCleanly joys.\'b8
Glanvill.
Some plain but cleanly country maid.
Dryden.
Displays her cleanly platter on the board.
Goldsmith.
2. Cleansing; fitted to remove moisture; dirt,
etc. [Obs.] \'bdWith cleanly powder
dry their hair.\'b8
Prior.
3. Adroit; skillful; dexterous; artful.
[Obs.]
Through his fine handling and his cleanly play.
Spenser.
Clean"ly (?), adv. 1.
In a clean manner; neatly.
He was very cleanly dressed.
Dickens.
2. Innocently; without stain.
Shak.
3. Adroitly; dexterously.
Middleton.
Clean"ness, n. [AS.
cl. See Clean.] 1.
The state or quality of being clean.
2. Purity of life or language; freedom from
licentious courses.
Chaucer.
Cleans"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being cleansed.
Sherwood.
Cleanse (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cleansed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cleansing.] [AS.
cl\'d6nsian, fr. cl\'d6ne clean. See
Clean.] To render clean; to free from fith,
pollution, infection, guilt, etc.; to clean.
If we walk in the light . . . the blood of Jesus Christ his
son cleanseth us from all sin.
1 John i. 7.
Can'st thou not minister to a mind diseased,
And with some sweet oblivious antidote
Cleanse the suffed bosom of that perilous stuff
Which weighs upon the heart?
Shak.
Cleans"er (?), n. [AS.
cl.] One who, or that which,
cleanses; a detergent.
Arbuthnot.
Clean"-tim`bered (?), a.
Well-propotioned; symmetrical. [Poetic]
Shak.
Clear (?), a.
[Compar. Clearer (?);
superl. Clearest.] [OE.
cler, cleer, OF. cler, F.
clair, fr.L. clarus, clear, broght, loud,
distinct, renownwd; perh. akin to L. clamare to call,
E. claim. Cf. Chanticleer,
Clairvoyant, Claret, Clarufy.]
1. Free from opaqueness; transparent; bright;
light; luminous; unclouded.
The stream is so transparent, pure, and clear.
Denham.
Fair as the moon, clear as the sun.
Canticles vi. 10.
2. Free from ambiquity or indistinctness; lucid;
perspicuous; plain; evident; manifest; indubitable.
One truth is clear; whatever is, is right.
Pop
3. Able to perceive clearly; keen; acute;
penetrating; discriminating; as, a clear intellect;
a clear head.
Mother of science! now I feel thy power
Within me clear, not only to discern
Things in their causes, but to trace the ways
Of highest agents.
Milton.
4. Not clouded with passion; serene;
cheerful.
With a countenance as clear
As friendship wears at feasts.
Shak.
5. Easily or distinctly heard; audible;
canorous.
Hark! the numbers soft and clear
Gently steal upon the ear.
Pope.
6. Without mixture; entirely pure; as,
clear sand.
7. Without defect or blemish, such as freckles or
knots; as, a clear complexion; clear
lumber.
8. Free from guilt or stain; unblemished.
Statesman, yet friend to truth! in soul sincere,
In action faithful, and in honor clear.
Pope.
9. Without diminution; in full; net; as,
clear profit.
I often wished that I had clear,
For life, six hundred pounds a-year.
Swift.
10. Free from impediment or obstruction;
unobstructed; as, a clear view; to keep
clear of debt.
My companion . . . left the way clear for him.
Addison.
11. Free from embarrassment; detention, etc.
The cruel corporal whispered in my ear,
Five pounds, if rightly tipped, would set me
clear.
Gay.
Clear breach. See under Breach,
n., 4. -- Clear days
(Law.), days reckoned from one day to another,
excluding both the first and last day; as, from Sunday to
Sunday there are six clear days. -- Clear
stuff, boards, planks, etc., free from knots.
Syn. -- Manifest; pure; unmixed; pellucid; transparent;
luminous; obvious; visible; plain; evident; apparent; distinct;
perspicuous. See Manifest.
Clear (?), n. (Carp.)
Full extent; distance between extreme limits; especially;
the distance between the nearest surfaces of two bodies, or the
space between walls; as, a room ten feet square in the
clear.
Clear, adv. 1. In a clear
manner; plainly.
Now clear I understand
What oft . . . thoughts have searched in vain.
Milton.
2. Without limitation; wholly; quite; entirely;
as, to cut a piece clear off.
Clear, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cleared (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clearing.] 1. To
render bright, transparent, or undimmed; to free from
clouds.
He sweeps the skies and clears the cloudy
north.
Dryden.
2. To free from impurities; to clarify; to
cleanse.
3. To free from obscurity or ambiguity; to relive
of perplexity; to make perspicuous.
Many knotty points there are
Which all discuss, but few can clear.
Prior.
4. To render more quick or acute, as the
understanding; to make perspicacious.
Our common prints would clear up their
understandings.
Addison
5. To free from impediment or incumbrance, from
defilement, or from anything injurious, useless, or offensive;
as, to clear land of trees or brushwood, or from
stones; to clear the sight or the voice; to
clear one's self from debt; -- often used with
of, off, away, or
out.
Clear your mind of cant.
Dr. Johnson.
A statue lies hid in a block of marble; and the art of the
statuary only clears away the superfluous matter.
Addison.
6. To free from the imputation of guilt; to
justify, vindicate, or acquit; -- often used with from
before the thing imputed.
I . . . am sure he will clear me from
partiality.
Dryden.
How! wouldst thou clear rebellion?
Addison.
7. To leap or pass by, or over, without touching or
fallure; as, to clear a hedge; to clear a
reef.
8. To gain without deduction; to net.
The profit which she cleared on the cargo.
Macaulay.
To clear a ship at the customhouse, to exhibit
the documents required by law, give bonds, or perform other acts
requisite, and procure a permission to sail, and such papers as
the law requires. -- To clear a ship for
action, or To clear for action
(Naut.), to remove incumbrances from the decks,
and prepare for an engagement. -- To clear the
land (Naut.), to gain such a distance from
shore as to have sea room, and be out of danger from the
land. -- To clear hawse (Naut.),
to disentangle the cables when twisted. -- To clear
up, to explain; to dispel, as doubts, cares or
fears.
Clear (?), v. i. 1. To
become free from clouds or fog; to become fair; -- often fallowed
by up, off, or away.
So foul a sky clears without a strom.
Shak.
Advise him to stay till the weather clears up.
Swift.
2. To disengage one's self frpm incumbrances,
distress, or entanglements; to become free.
[rk>
He that clears at once will relapse; for finding
himself out of straits, he will revert to the customs; but he
that cleareth by degrees induceth a habit of
frugality.
Bacon.
3. (Banking) To make exchanges of checks
and bills, and settle balances, as is done in a clearing
house.
4. To obtain a clearance; as, the steamer
cleared for Liverpool to-day.
To clear out, to go or run away; to depart.
[Colloq.]
Clear"age (?), n. The act of
reforming anything; clearance. [R.]
Clear"ance (?), n. 1.
The act of clearing; as, to make a through
clearance.
2. A certificate that a ship or vessel has been
cleared at the customhouse; permission to sail.
Every ship was subject to seizure for want of stamped
clearances.
Durke
3. Clear or net profit.
Trollope.
4. (Mach.) The distance by which one
object clears another, as the distance between the piston and
cylinder head at the end of a stroke in a steam engine, or the
least distance between the point of a cogwell tooth and the
bottom of a space between teeth of a wheel with which it
engages.
Clearance space (Steam engine), the
space inclosed in one end of the cylinder, between the valve or
valves and the piston, at the beginning of a stroke; waste room.
It includes the space caused by the piston's clearance and the
space in ports, passageways, etc. Its volume is often expressed
as a certain proportion of the volume swept by the piston in a
single stroke.
Clear"-cut` (?), a. 1.
Having a sharp, distinct outline, like that of a
cameo.
She has . . . a cold and clear-cut face.
Tennyson.
2. Concisely and distinctly expressed.
Clear"ed*ness (?), n. The
quality of being cleared.
Imputed by his friends to the clearedness, by his
foes to the searedness, of his conscience.
T. Fuller.
Clear"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, clears.
Gold is a wonderful clearer of the
understanding.
Addison.
2. (Naut.) A tool of which the hemp for
lines and twines, used by sailmakers, is finished.
Clear"-head`ed (?), a. Having a
clear understanding; quick of perception; intelligent.
\'bdHe was laborious and clear-headed.\'b8
Macaulay.
-- Clear"-head`ed*ness,
n.
Clear"ing, n. 1. The act or
process of making clear.
The better clearing of this point.
South.
2. A tract of land cleared of wood for
cultivation.
A lonely clearing on the shores of Moxie Lake.
J. Burroughs.
3. A method adopted by banks and bankers for making
an exchange of checks held by each against the others, and
settling differences of accounts.
4. The gross amount of the balances adjusted in the
clearing house.
Clearing house, the establishment where the
business of clearing is carried on. See above,
3.
Clear"ly, adv. In a clear manner.
Clear"ness, n. The quality or state of
being clear.
Syn. -- Clearness, Perspicuity.
Clearness has reference to our ideas, and
springs from a distinct conception of the subject under
consideration. Perspicuity has reference to the mode
of expressing our ideas and belongs essentially to style. Hence
we speak of a writer as having clear ideas, a
clear arrangement, and perspicuous
phraseology. We do at times speak of a person's having great
clearness of style; but in such cases we are usually
thinking of the clearness of his ideas as manifested in language.
\'bdWhenever men think clearly, and are thoroughly
interested, they express themselves with perspicuity
and force.\'b8
Robertson.
Clear"-see`ing (?), a. Having a
clear physical or mental vision; having a clear
understanding.
Clear"-shin`ing (?), a. Shining
brightly.
Shak.
Clear"-sight`ed (?), a. Seeing
with clearness; discerning; as, clear-sighted
reason
Clear"-sight`ed*ness, n. Acute
discernment.
Clear"starch` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clearstarched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clearstraching.] To stiffen with
starch, and then make clear by clapping with the hands; as,
to clearstarch muslin.
Clear"starch`er (?), n. One who
clearstarches.
{ Clear"sto`ry (?), Clere"sto`ry,
} n. (Arch.) The upper story of
the nave of a church, containing windows, and rising above the
aisle roofs.
Clear"wing` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A lepidop terous insect with partially
transparent wings, of the family \'92geriad\'91, of which the
currant and peach-tree borers are examples.
Cleat (kl\'c7t), n. [OE.
clete wedge; cf.D. kloot ball, Ger.
kloss, klotz, lump. clod, MHG.
kl\'d3z lump, ball, wedge, OHG. chl\'d3z
ball, round mass.]
1. (Carp.) A strip of wood or iron
fastened on transversely to something in order to give strength,
prevent warping, hold position, etc.
2. (Naut.) A device made of wood or
metal, having two arms, around which turns may be taken with a
line or rope so as to hold securely and yet be readily released.
It is bolted by the middle to a deck or mast, etc., or it may be
lashed to a rope.
Cleat, v. t. To strengthen with a
cleat.
Cleav"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
cleaving or being divided.
Cleav"age (?), n. 1.
The act of cleaving or splitting.
2. (Crystallog.) The quality possessed
by many crystallized substances of splitting readily in one or
more definite directions, in which the cohesive attraction is a
minimum, affording more or less smooth surfaces; the direction of
the dividing plane; a fragment obtained by cleaving, as of a
diamond. See Parting.
3. (Geol.) Division into lamin\'91, like
slate, with the lamination not necessarily parallel to the plane
of deposition; -- usually produced by pressure.
Basal cleavage, cleavage parallel to the base
of a crystal, or to the plane of the lateral axes. --
Cell cleavage (Biol.), multiplication
of cells by fission. See Segmentation. --
Cubuc cleavage, cleavage parallel to the faces of
a cube. -- Diagonal cleavage, cleavage
parallel to ta diagonal plane. -- Egg clavage.
(Biol.) See Segmentation. --
Lateral cleavage, cleavage parallel to the lateral
planes. -- Octahedral,
Dodecahedral, or Rhombohedral,
cleavage, cleavage parallel to the faces of
an octahedron, dodecahedron, or rhombohedron. --
Prismatic cleavage, cleavage parallel to a
vertical prism.
Cleave (, v. i.
[.. Cleaved (, Clave
(, (Obs.); p. p.
Cleaved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cleaving.] [OE. cleovien,
clivien, cliven, AS. cleofian,
clifian; akin to OS. klib\'d3n, G.
kleben, LG. kliven, D. kleven, Dan.
kl\'91be, Sw. klibba, and also to G.
kleiben to cleve, paste, Icel. kl\'c6fa to
climb. Cf. Climb.] 1. To adhere
closely; to stick; to hold fast; to cling.
My bones cleave to my skin.
Ps. cii. 5.
The diseases of Egypt . . . shall cleave unto
thee.
Deut. xxviii. 60.
Sophistry cleaves close to and protects
Sin's rotten trunk, concealing its defects.
Cowper.
2. To unite or be united closely in interest or
affection; to adhere with strong attachment.
Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and
shall cleave unto his wife.
Gen. ii. 24.
Cleave unto the Lord your God.
Josh. xxiii. 8.
3. To fit; to be adapted; to assimilate.
[Poetic.]
New honors come upon him,
Like our strange garments, cleave not to their mold
But with the aid of use.
Shak.
Cleave (?), v. t.
[imp. Cleft (?),
Clave (, Clove (,
(Obsolescent); p. p. Cleft,
Cleaved ( or Cloven
(; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cleaving.] [OE. cleoven,
cleven, AS. cle\'a2fan; akin to OS.
klioban, D. klooven, G. klieben,
Icel. klj\'d4fa, Sw. klyfva, Dan.
kl\'94ve and prob. to Gr. glubere to peel. Cf. Cleft.]
1. To part or divide by force; to split or rive; to
cut.
O Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart in twain.
Shak.
2. To pert or open naturally; to divide.
Every beast that parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the
cleft into two claws.
Deut. xiv. 6.
Cleave, v. i. To part; to open; to
crack; to separate; as parts of bodies; as, the ground
cleaves by frost.
The Mount of Olives shall cleave in the midst.
Zech. xiv. 4.
Cleave"land*ite (?), n. [From
Professor Parker Cleaveland.] (Min.)
A variety of albite, white and lamellar in structure.
Cleav"er (?), n. One who
cleaves, or that which cleaves; especially, a butcher's
instrument for cutting animal bodies into joints or pieces.
Cleav"ers (?), n. [From
Cleave to stick.] (Bot.) A species
of Galium (G. Aparine), having a fruit set
with hooked bristles, which adhere to whatever they come in
contact with; -- called also, goose grass,
catchweed, etc.
\'d8Cl\'82`ch\'82" (?), a. [F.
cl\'82ch\'82.] (Her.) Charged
with another bearing of the same figure, and of the color of the
field, so large that only a narrow border of the first bearing
remains visible; -- said of any heraldic bearing. Compare
Voided.
Cle"chy (?), a. See
Cl\'82ch\'82.
Cledge (?), n. [Cf.
Clay.] (Mining.) The upper stratum
of fuller's earth.
Cledg"y (?), a. Stiff,
stubborn, clayey, or tenacious; as, a cledgy
soil.
Halliwell.
Clee (?), n. A claw.
[rk>
Holland.
Clee, n. (Zo\'94l.) The
redshank.
Clef (?; 277), n. [F.
clef key, a key in music, fr. L. clavis
key. See Clavicle.] (Mus.) A
character used in musical notation to determine the position and
pitch of the scale as represented on the staff.
clefs are three in number, called the
C, F, and G clefs, and are probably corruptions or
modifications of these letters. They indicate that the letters of
absolute pitch belonging to the lines upon which they are placed,
are respectively C, F, and G. The F or bass clef, and
the G or treble clef, are fixed in their positions
upon the staff. The C clef may have three positions.
It may be placed upon the first or lower line of the staff, in
which case it is called soprano clef, upon the third
line, in which case it called alto clef, or upon the
fourth line, in which case tenor clef. It rarely or
never is placed upon the second line, except in ancient music.
See other forms of C clef under C, 2.
Alto clef, Bass clef.
See under Alto, Bass.
Cleft (?), imp. & p. p. from
Cleave.
Cleft, a. 1. Divided; split;
partly divided or split.
2. (Bot.) Incised nearly to the midrob;
as, a cleft leaf.
Cleft, n. [OE. clift; cf. Sw.
klyft cave, den, Icel. kluft cleft, Dan.
kl\'94ft, G. kluft. See Cleave to
split and cf. 2d Clift, 1st Clough.]
1. A space or opening made by splitting; a crack; a
crevice; as, the cleft of a rock.
Is. ii. 21.
2. A piece made by splitting; as, a
cleft of wood.
3. (Far.) A disease in horses; a crack
on the band of the pastern.
Branchial clefts. See under
Branchial.
Syn. -- Crack; crevice; fissure; chink; cranny.
Cleft"-foot`ed (?), a. Having a
cloven foot.
Cleft"graft` (?), v. t. To
ingraft by cleaving the stock and inserting a scion.
Mortimer.
Cleg (?), n. [Northern Eng. &
Scot. gleg: cf. Gael. crethleag.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small breeze or horsefly.
[North of Eng. & Scot.]
Jamieson.
{ Cleis`to*gam"ic (?),
Cleis*tog"a*mous (?) } a.
[Gr.
(Bot.) Having, beside the usual flowers, other
minute, closed flowers, without petals or with minute petals; --
said of certain species of plants which possess flowers of two or
more kinds, the closed ones being so constituted as to insure
self-fertilization.
Darwin.
Clem (?), v. t. & i. [Cf.
clam to clog, or G. klemmen to pinch, Icel.
kl, E. clamp.] To starve;
to famish. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Clem"a*tis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr.
(Bot.) A genus of flowering plants, of many
species, mostly climbers, having feathery styles, which greatly
enlarge in the fruit; -- called also virgin's
bower.
Clem"ence (?), n.
Clemency. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Clem"en*cy (?), n.; pl.
Clemencies (#). [L.
clementia, fr. clemens mild, calm.]
1. Disposition to forgive and spare, as offenders;
mildness of temper; gentleness; tenderness; mercy.
Great clemency and tender zeal toward their
subjects.
Stowe.
They had applied for the royal clemency.
Macaulay.
2. Mildness or softness of the elements; as,
the clemency of the season.
Syn. -- Mildness; tenderness; indulgence; lenity; mercy;
gentleness; compassion; kindness.
Clem"ent (?), a. [L.
clemens; -entis; cf. F.
cl.] Mild in temper and disposition;
merciful; compassionate.
Shak.
-- Clem"ent*ly, adv.
Clem"ent*ine (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Clement, esp. to St.Clement of Rome and the
spurious homilies attributed to him, or to Pope Clement V. and
his compilations of canon law.
Clench (?), n. & v. t. See
Clinch.
Clepe (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cleped (?)
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Cleping.
Cf. Ycleped.] [AS. clepan,
cleopian, clipian, clypian, to
cry, call.] To call, or name.
[Obs.]
That other son was cleped Cambalo.
Chaucer.
Clepe, v. i. To make appeal; to cry
out. [Obs.]
Wandering in woe, and to the heavens on high
Cleping for vengeance of this treachery.
Mir. for Mag.
\'d8Clep"si*ne (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of freshwater leeches,
furnished with a proboscis. They feed upon mollusks and
worms.
Clep"sy*dra (?; 277), n. [L.
from Gr. A
water clock; a contrivance for measuring time by the graduated
flow of a liquid, as of water, through a small aperture. See
Illust. in Appendix.
<-- p. 265 -->
\'d8Clep`to*ma"ni*a (?), n.
[NL.] See Kleptomania.
Clere"sto`ry (?), n. Same as
Clearstory.
Cler"geon (?), n. [F., dim. of
clerc. See Clerk.] A chorister
boy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cler"gi*al (?), a. Learned;
erudite; clercial. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cler"gi*cal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the clergy; clerical; clerkily; learned.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Cler"gy (?), n. [OE.
clergie, clergi, clerge, OF.
clergie, F. clergie (fr. clerc
clerc, fr. L. clericus priest) confused with OF.
clergi\'82, F. clerg\'82, fr. LL.
clericatus office of priest, monastic life, fr. L.
clericus priest, LL. scholar, clerc. Both the Old
French words meant clergy, in sense 1, the former having also
sense 2. See Clerk.]
1. The body of men set apart, by due ordination, to
the service of God, in the Christian church, in distinction from
the laity; in England, usually restricted to the ministers of the
Established Church.
Hooker.
2. Learning; also, a learned profession.
[Obs.]
Sophictry . . . rhetoric, and other cleargy.
Guy of Warwick.
Put their second sons to learn some clergy.
State Papers (1515).
3. The privilege or benefit of clergy.
If convicted of a clergyable felony, he is entitled equally to
his clergy after as before conviction.
Blackstone.
Benefit of clergy (Eng., Law), the
exemption of the persons of clergymen from criminal process
before a secular judge -- a privilege which was extended to all
who could read, such persons being, in the eye of the law,
clerici, or clerks. This privilege was abridged and
modified by various statutes, and finally abolished in the reign
of George IV. (1827). -- Regular clergy,
Secular clergy See Regular,
n., and Secular, a.
Cler"gy*a*ble (?), a. Entitled
to, or admitting, the benefit of clergy; as, a
clergyable felony.
Blackstone.
Cler"gy*man (?), n.; pl.
Clergymen (#). An ordained
minister; a man regularly authorized to peach the gospel, and
administer its ordinances; in England usually restricted to a
minister of the Established Church.
Cler"ic (?), n. [AS., fr. L.
clericus. See Clerk.] A clerk, a
clergyman. [R.]
Bp. Horsley.
Cler"ic (?), a. Same as
Clerical.
Cler"ic*al (?), a. [LL.
clericalis. See Clerk.]
1. Of or pertaining to the clergy; suitable for the
clergy. \'bdA clerical education.\'b8
Burke.
2. Of or relating to a clerk or copyist, or to
writing. \'bdClerical work.\'b8
E. Everett.
A clerical error, an error made in copying or
writing.
Cler"ic*al*ism (?), n. An
excessive devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal order;
undue influence of the clergy; sacerdotalism.
Cler*ic"i*ty (?), n. The state
of being a clergyman.
Cler"i*sy (?), n. [LL.
clericia. See Clergy.] 1.
The literati, or well educated class.
2. The clergy, or their opinions, as opposed to the
laity.
Clerk (?; in Eng. ?; 277), n.
[Either OF. clerc, fr. L. clericus a
priest, or AS. clerc, cleric, clerk,
priest, fr. L. clericus, fr. Gr. Clergy.] 1. A clergyman or
ecclesiastic. [Obs.]
All persons were styled clerks that served in the
church of Christ.
Ayliffe.
2. A man who could read; a scholar; a learned
person; a man of letters. [Obs.] \'bdEvery one
that could read . . . being accounted a clerk.\'b8
Blackstone.
He was no great clerk, but he was perfectly well
versed in the interests of Europe.
Burke.
3. A parish officer, being a layman who leads in
reading the responses of the Episcopal church service, and
otherwise assists in it. [Eng.]
Hook.
And like unlettered clerk still cry
\'bdAmen\'b8.
Shak.
4. One employed to keep records or accounts; a
scribe; an accountant; as, the clerk of a court; a
town clerk.
The clerk of the crown . . . withdrew the bill.
Strype.
clerk is synonymous with
secretary. A clerk is always an officer subordinate to
a higher officer, board, corporation, or person; whereas a
secretary may be either a subordinate or the head of an office or
department.
5. An assistant in a shop or store. [U.
S.]
Clerk"-ale` (? in Eng. , n.
A feast for the benefit of the parish clerk.
[Eng.]
T. Warton.
Clerk"less, a. Unlearned.
[Obs.]
E. Waterhouse.
Clerk"like` (?), a.
Scholarlike. [Obs.]
Shak.
Clerk"li*ness (?), n.
Scholarship. [Obs.]
Clerk"ly, a. Of or pertaining to a
clerk.
Cranmer.
Clerk"ly, adv. In a scholarly
manner. [Obs.]
Shak.
Clerk"ship, n. State, quality, or
business of a clerk.
Cler"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy; cf. F. cl\'82romancie.]
A divination by throwing dice or casting lots.
Cle*ron"o*my (?), n. [Gr. Inheritance;
heritage.
Cler"sto`ry (?), n. See
Clearstory.
Clev"er (?), a. [Origin
uncertain. Cf. OE. cliver eager, AS. clyfer
(in comp.) cloven; or clifer a claw, perh. connected
with E. cleave to divide, split, the meaning of E.
clever perh. coming from the idea of grasping, seizing
(with the mind).] 1. Possessing quickness of
intellect, skill, dexterity, talent, or adroitness; expert.
Though there were many clever men in England during
the latter half of the seventeenth century, there were only two
great creative minds.
Macaulay.
Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be
clever.
C. Kingsley.
2. Showing skill or adroitness in the doer or
former; as, a clever speech; a clever
trick.
Byron.
3. Having fitness, propriety, or
suitableness.
\'bdT would sound more clever
To me and to my heirs forever.
Swift.
4. Well-shaped; handsome. \'bdThe girl was a
tight, clever wench as any was.\'b8
Arbuthnot.
5. Good-natured; obliging. [U.
S.]
Syn. -- See Smart.
Clev"er*ish (?), a. Somewhat
clever. [R.]
Clev"er*ly, adv. In a clever
manner.
Never was man so clever absurd.
C. Smart.
Clev"er*ness, n. The quality of being
clever; skill; dexterity; adroitness.
Syn. -- See Ingenuity.
Clev"is (?), n. [Cf.
Cleave to adhere, Clavel.] A piece
of metal bent in the form of an oxbow, with the two ends
perforated to receive a pin, used on the end of the tongue of a
plow, wagen, etc., to attach it to a draft chain, whiffletree,
etc.; -- called also clavel,
clevy.
{ Clew (?), Clue, }
n. [OE. clewe, clowe,
clue, AS. cleowen, cliwen,
clywe ball of thread; akin to D. kluwen,
OHG. chliwa, chliuwa, G. dim.
kleuel, kn\'84uel, and perch. to L.
gluma hull, husk, Skr. glaus sort of ball
or tumor. Perch. akin to E. claw. \'fb26. Cf.
Knawel.] 1. A ball of thread, yarn,
or cord; also, The thread itself.
Untwisting his deceitful clew.
Spenser.
2. That which guides or directs one in anything of
a doubtful or intricate nature; that which gives a hint in the
solution of a mystery.
The clew, without which it was perilous to enter
the vast and intricate maze of countinental politics, was in his
hands.
Macaulay.
3. (Naut.) (a.) A lower corner
of a square sail, or the after corner of a fore-and-aft
sail. (b.) A loop and thimbles at the corner
of a sail. (c.) A combination of lines or
nettles by which a hammock is suspended.
Clew garnet (Naut.), one of the
ropes by which the clews of the courses of square-rigged vessels
are drawn up to the lower yards. -- Clew line
(Naut.), a rope by which a clew of one of the
smaller square sails, as topsail, topgallant sail, or royal, is
run up to its yard. -- Clew-line block
(Naut.), The block through which a clew line
reeves. See Illust. of Block.
Clew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. &
vb. n. Clewing.] [Cf. D.
kluwenen. See Clew, n.]
1. To direct; to guide, as by a thread.
[Obs.]
Direct and clew me out the way to happiness.
Beau. && Fl.
2. (Naut.) To move of draw (a sail or
yard) by means of the clew garnets, clew lines, etc.; esp. to
draw up the clews of a square sail to the yard.
To clew down (Naut.), to force (a
yard) down by hauling on the clew lines. -- To clew
up (Naut.), to draw (a sail) up to the yard,
as for furling.
\'d8Cli`ch\'82" (?), n. [F.
clich\'82, from clicher to
stereotype.] A stereotype plate or any similar
reproduction of ornament, or lettering, in relief.
Clich\'82 casting, a mode of obtaining an
impression from a die or woodcut, or the like, by striking it
suddenly upon metal which has been fused and is just becoming
solid; also, the casting so obtained.
Click (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clicked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clicking.] [Prob. an onomatopoetic
word: cf. OF. cliquier. See Clack, and cf.
Clink, Clique.] To make a slight,
sharp noise (or a succession of such noises), as by gentle
striking; to tick.
The varnished clock that clicked behind the
door.
Goldsmith.
Click, v. t. 1. To more with
the sound of a click.
She clicked back the bolt which held the window
sash.
Thackeray.
2. To cause to make a clicking noise, as by
striking together, or against something.
[Jove] clicked all his marble thumbs.
Ben Jonson.
When merry milkmaids click the latch.
Tennyson.
Click, n. 1. A slight sharp
noise, such as is made by the cocking of a pistol.
2. A kind of articulation used by the natives of
Southern Africa, consisting in a sudden withdrawal of the end or
some other portion of the tongue from a part of the mouth with
which it is in contact, whereby a sharp, clicking sound is
produced. The sounds are four in number, and are called cerebral,
palatal, dental, and lateral clicks or clucks, the
latter being the noise ordinarily used in urging a horse
forward.
Click, v. t. [OE. kleken,
clichen. Cf. Clutch.] To
snatch. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Click, n. [Cf. 4th Click, and
OF. clique latch.] 1. A detent,
pawl, or ratchet, as that which catches the cogs of a ratchet
wheel to prevent backward motion. See Illust. of
Ratched wheel.
2. The latch of a door. [Prov.
Eng.]
Click" bee"tle (?). (Zo\'94l.)
See Elater.
Click"er (?), n. 1.
One who stands before a shop door to invite people to
buy. [Low, Eng.]
2. (Print.) One who as has charge of the
work of a companionship.
Click"et (?), n. [OF.
cliquet the latch of a door. See 5th
Click.] 1. The knocker of a
door. [Prov. Eng.]
2. A latch key. [Eng.]
Chaucer.
Click"y (?), a. Resembling a
click; abounding in clicks. \'bdTheir strange
clicky language.\'b8
The Century.
\'d8Cli*das"tes (?), n. [NL.,
prob. from Gr. (Paleon.) A genus
of exinct marine reptiles, allied to the Mosasaurus. See
Illust. in Appendix.
Cli"en*cy (?), n. State of
being a client.
Cli"ent (?), n. [L.
cliens, -emtis, for cluens, one
who hears (in relation to his protector), a client, fr. L.
cluere to be named or called; akin to Gr. \'87ry, and E. loud: cf. F.
client. See Loud.] 1.
(Rom. Antiq.) A citizen who put himself under the
protection of a man of distinction and influence, who was called
his patron.
2. A dependent; one under the protection of
another.
I do think they are your friends and clients,
And fearful to disturb you.
B. Jonson.
3. (Law) One who consults a legal
adviser, or submits his cause to his management.
Cli"ent*age (?), n. 1.
State of being client.
2. A body of clients.
E. Everett.
Cli*en"tal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a client.
A dependent and cliental relation.
Burke.
I sat down in the cliental chair.
Dickens.
Cli"ent*ed (?), a. Supplied
with clients. [R.]
The least cliented pettifiggers.
R. Carew.
Cli*en"te*lage (?), n. See
Clientele, n., 2.
Cli`en*tele" (? or ?), n. [L.
clientela: cf. F. client\'8ale.]
1. The condition or position of a client;
clientship. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
2. The clients or dependents of a nobleman of
patron.
3. The persons who make habitual use of the
services of another person; one's clients, collectively; as,
the clientele of a lawyer, doctor, notary,
etc.
Cli"ent*ship (?), n. Condition
of a client; state of being under the protection of a
patron.
Dryden.
Cliff (?), n. [AS.
clif, cloef; akin to OS. klif,
D. klif, klip, Icel. klif, Dan.
& G. klippe, Sw. klippa; perh. orig. a
climbing place. See Climb.] A high,
steep rock; a precipice.
Cliff swallow (Zo\'94l.), a North
American swallow (Petrochelidon lunifrons), which
builds its nest against cliffs; the eaves
swallow.
Cliff, n. (Mus.) See
Clef. [Obs.]
Cliff" lime"stone` (?). (Geol.)
A series of limestone strata found in Ohio and farther west,
presenting bluffs along the rivers and valleys, formerly supposed
to be of one formation, but now known to be partly Silurian and
partly Devonian.
Cliff"y (?), a. Having cliffs;
broken; craggy.
Clift (?), n. [See 1st
Cliff, n.] A cliff.
[Obs.]
That gainst the craggy clifts did loudly roar.
Spenser.
Clift, n. [See Cleft,
n.] 1. A cleft of crack; a narrow
opening. [Obs.]
2. The fork of the legs; the crotch.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Clift"ed, a. [From Clift a
cleft.] Broken; fissured.
Climb the Andeclifted side.
Grainger.
Cli*mac"ter (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. climact\'8are. See Climax.] See
Climacteric, n.
Cli*mac"ter*ic (? , a.
[L. climactericus, Gr. Climacter.] Relating to a climacteric;
critical.
Cli*mac"ter*ic, n. 1. A period
in human life in which some great change is supposed to take
place in the constitution. The critical periods are thought by
some to be the years produced by multiplying 7 into the odd
numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9; to which others add the 81st year.
2. Any critical period.
It is your lot, as it was mine, to live during one of the
grand climacterics of the world.
Southey.
Grand Great
climacteric, the sixty-third year of human
life.
I should hardly yield my rigid fibers to be regenerated by
them; nor begin, in my grand climacteric, to squall in
their new accents, or to stammer, in my second cradle, the
elemental sounds of their barbarous metaphysics.
Burke.
Clim`ac*ter"ic*al (?), a. & n.
See Climacteric.
Evelyn.
Cli"ma*tal (?), a.
Climatic.
Dunglison.
Cli`ma*tar"chic (?), a.
[Climate + Gr. Presiding
over, or regulating, climates.
Cli"mate (?), n. [F.
climat, L. clima, -atis, fr. Gr.
lean, v. i. See
Lean, v. i., and cf. Clime.]
1. (Anc. Geog.) One of thirty regions or
zones, parallel to the equator, into which the surface of the
earth from the equator to the pole was divided, according to the
successive increase of the length of the midsummer day.
2. The condition of a place in relation to various
phenomena of the atmosphere, as temperature, moisture, etc.,
especially as they affect animal or vegetable life.
Cli"mate, v. i. To dwell.
[Poetic] Shak.
Cli*mat"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a climate; depending on, or limited by, a
climate.
Cli*mat"ic*al (?), a.
Climatic.
Cli"ma*tize (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Climatized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Climatizing.] To acclimate or become
acclimated.
Cli`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Climate + -graphy.] A
description of climates.
Cli`ma*to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to climatology.
Cli`ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in, or who studies, climatology.
Cli`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Climate + -logy: cf. F.
climatologie.] The science which treats of
climates and investigates their phenomena and causes.
Brande & C.
Cli"ma*ture (?; 135), n. [Cf.
F. climature.] A climate.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Cli"max (?), n. [L., from Gr.
Ladder, Lean, v. i.]
1. Upward movement; steady increase; gradation;
ascent.
Glanvill.
2. (Rhet.) A figure of which the parts
of a sentence or paragraph are so arranged that each sicceeding
one rise
\'bdTribulation worketh patience, patience experience, and
experience hope\'b8 -- a happy climax.
J. D. Forbes.
3. The highest point; the greatest degree.
We must look higher for the climax of earthly
good.
I. Taylor.
To cap the climax, to surpass everything, as
in excellence or in absurdity. [Colloq.]
Climb (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Climbed
(?), Obs. or Vulgar Clomb
(; p. pr. & vb. n.
Climbing.] [AS. climban;
akin to OHG. chlimban, G. & D. klimmen,
Icel. kl\'c6fa, and E. cleave to
adhere.] 1. To ascend or mount laboriously,
esp. by use of the hands and feet.
2. To ascend as if with effort; to rise to a higher
point.
Black vapors climb aloft, and cloud the day.
Dryden.
3. (Bot.) To ascend or creep upward by
twining about a support, or by attaching itself by tendrills,
rootlets, etc., to a support or upright surface.
Climb, v. t. To ascend, as by means of
the hands and feet, or laboriously or slowly; to mount.
Climb, n. The act of one who climbs;
ascent by climbing.
Warburton.
Climb"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being climbed.
Climb"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, climbs: (a) (Bot.) A
plant that climbs. (b) (Zo\'94l.)
A bird that climbs, as a woodpecker or a parrot.
Climb"er, v. i. [From Climb;
cf. Clamber.] To climb; to mount with effort;
to clamber. [Obs.]
Tusser.
Climb"ing, p. pr. & vb. n. of
Climb.
Climbing fern. See under Fern.
-- Climbing perch. (Zo\'94l.) See
Anabas, and Labyrinthici.
Clime (?), n. [L.
clima. See Climate.] A climate; a
tract or region of the earth. See Climate.
Turn we to sutvey,
Where rougher climes a nobler race display.
Goldsmith.
\'d8Cli*nan"thi*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
The receptacle of the flowers in a composite plant; -- also
called clinium.
Clinch (?; 224), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clinched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clinching.] [OE. clenchen,
prop. causative of clink to cause to clink, to strike;
cf. D. klinken to tinkle, rivet. See
Clink.] 1. To hold firmly; to hold
fast by grasping or embracing tightly.
\'bdClinch the pointed spear.\'b8
Dryden.
2. To set closely together; to close tightly;
as, to clinch the teeth or the first.
Swift.
3. The bend or turn over the point of (something
that has been driven trough an object), so that it will hold
fast; as, to clinch a nail.
4. To make conclusive; to confirm; to establish;
as, to clinch an argument.
South.
Clinch, v. i. To hold fast; to grasp
something firmly; to seize or grasp one another.
Clinch (?), n. 1. The
act or process of holding fast; that which serves to hold fast; a
grip; a grasp; a clamp; a holdfast; as, to get a good
clinch of an antagonist, or of a weapon; to secure
anything by a clinch.
2. A pun.
Pope.
3. (Naut.) A hitch or bend by which a
rope is made fast to the ring of an anchor, or the breeching of a
ship's gun to the ringbolts.
Clinch"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, clinches; that which holds
fast.
Pope.
2. That which ends a dispute or controversy; a
decisive argument.
Clinch"er-built (?), a. See
Clinker-built.
Cling (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clung (?),
Clong (Obs.); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clinging.] [AS.
clingan to adhere, to wither; akin to Dan.
klynge to cluster, crowd. Cf. Clump.]
To adhere closely; to stick; to hold fast, especially by
twining round or embracing; as, the tendril of a vine
clings to its support; -- usually followed by
to or together.
And what hath life for thee
That thou shouldst cling to it thus?
Mrs. Hemans.
Cling, v. t. 1. To cause to
adhere to, especially by twining round or embraching.
[Obs.]
I clung legs as close to his side as I could.
Swift.
2. To make to dry up or wither.
[Obs.]
If thou speak'st false,
Upon the next tree shalt thou hang alive,
Till famine cling thee.
Shak.
Cling, n. Adherence; attachment;
devotion. [R.]
A more tenacious cling to worldly respects.
Milton.
Cling"stone` (?), a. Having the
flesh attached closely to the stone, as in some kinds of
peaches. -- n. A fruit, as a peach,
whose flesh adheres to the stone.
Cling"y (?), a. Apt to cling;
adhesive. [R.]
Clin"ic (?), n. [See
Clinical.] 1. One confined to the
bed by sickness.
2. (Eccl.) One who receives baptism on a
sick bed. [Obs.]
Hook.
3. (Med.) A school, or a session of a
school or class, in which medicine or surgery is taught by the
examination and treatment of patients in the presence of the
pupils.
{ Clin"ic*al (?), Clin"ic
(?) }, a. [Gr. clinique. See
Lean, v. i.] 1. Of or
pertaining to a bed, especially, a sick bed.
2. Of or pertaining to a clinic, or to the study of
disease in the living subject.
<-- 3. a lesson or series of lessons taught to persons not expert
in some activity, in which the errors of the students are pointed
out, and remedial actions are suggested. (fig.) (sports), a
performance so excellent as to be considered a model for
emulation. -->
Clinical baptism, baptism administered to a
person on a sick bed. -- Clinical instruction,
instruction by means of clinics. -- Clinical
lecture (Med.), a discourse upon medical
topics illustrared by the exhibition and examination of living
patients. -- Clinical medicine,
Clinical surgery, that part of medicine or
surgery which is occupied with the investigation of disease in
the living subject.
Clin"ic*al*ly, adv. In a clinical
manner.
\'d8Cli*nique" (?), n.
[F.] (Med.) A clinic.
\'d8Clin"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Bot.) See Clinanthium.
Clink (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clinked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clinking.] [OE. clinken;
akin to G. klingen, D. klinken, SW.
klinga, Dan. klinge; prob. of imitative
origin. Cf. Clank, Clench, Click,
v. i.] To cause to give out a slight,
sharp, tinkling, sound, as by striking metallic or other sonorous
bodies together.
And let me the canakin clink.
Shak.
Clink (?), v. i. 1. To
give out a slight, sharp, thinkling sound. \'bdThe
clinking latch.\'b8
Tennyson.
2. To rhyme. [Humorous].
Cowper.
Clink, n. A slight, sharp, tinkling
sound, made by the collision of sonorous bodies.
\'bdClink and fall of swords.\'b8
Shak.
Clin"kant (?), a. See
Clnquant.
Clink"er (?), n. [From
clink; cf. D. clinker a brick which is so
hard that it makes a sonorous sound, from clinken to
clink. Cf. Clinkstone.] 1. A mass
composed of several bricks run together by the action of the fire
in the kiln.
2. Scoria or vitrified incombustible matter, formed
in a grate or furnace where anthracite coal in used; vitrified or
burnt matter ejected from a volcano; slag.
3. A scale of oxide of iron, formed in
forging.
4. A kind of brick. See Dutch klinker,
under Dutch.
Clink"er-built (?), a.
(Naut.) Having the side planks (af a boat) so
arranged that the lower edge of each overlaps the upper edge of
the plank next below it like clapboards on a house. See
Lapstreak.
Clink"stone` (?; 110), n.
[Clink + stone; -- from its
sonorousness.] (Min.) An igneous rock of
feldspathic composition, lamellar in structure, and clinking
under the hammer. See Phonolite.
Cli`no*di*ag"o*nal (?), n. [Gr.
diagonal.]
(Crystallog.) That diagonal or lateral axis in a
monoclinic crystal which makes an oblique angle witch the
vertical axis. See Crystallization. --
a. Pertaining to, or the direction of, the
clinidiagonal.
Cli"no*dome` (?), n. [Gr. dome.] (Crystallog.)
See under Dome.
Cli"no*graph"ic (?), a.
[Gr. +
-graph.] Pertaining to that mode of
projection in drawing in which the rays of light are supposed to
fall obliquely on the plane of projection.
Cli"noid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.) Like a bed; --
applied to several processes on the inner side of the sphenoid
bone.
Cli*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Geol.) An
instrument for determining the dip of beds or strata, pr the
slope of an embankment or cutting; a kind of plumb level.
Dana.
Clin`o*met"ric (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to, or ascertained by, the clinometer.
2. Pertaining to the oblique crystalline forms, or
to solids which have oblique angles between the axes; as, the
clinometric systems.
Cli*nom"e*try (?), n.
(geol.) That art or operation of measuring the
inclination of strata.
Cli`no*pin"a*coid (?), n. [Gr.
pinacoid.]
(Crystallog.) The plane in crystals of the
monoclinic system which is parallel to the vertical and the
inclined lateral (clinidiagonal) axes.
Cli`no*rhom"bic (?), a. [Gr.
rhombic: cf. F.
clinorhombique.] (Crystallog.)
Possessing the qualities of a prism, obliquely inclined to a
rhombic base; monoclinic.
Clin"quant (?), a. [F.]
Glittering; dressed in, or overlaid with, tinsel
finery. [Obs.]
Shak.
Clin"quant, n. Tinse;l; Dutch
gold.
Cli"o (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
(Class. Myth.) The Muse who presided over
history.
Cli*o"ne (?), n. A genus of
naked pteropods. One species (Clione papilonacea),
abundant in the Arctic Ocean, constitutes a part of the food of
the Greenland whale. It is sometimes incorrectly called
Clio.
Clip (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clipped
(; p. pr. & vb. n.
Clipping.] [OE. cluppen,
clippen, to embrace, AS. clyran to embrace,
clasp; cf. OHG. kluft tongs, shears, Icel,
kl\'dfpa to pinch, squeeze, also OE.
clippen to cut, shear, Dan. klippe to clip,
cut, SW. & Icel. klippa.] 1. To
embrace, hence; to encompass.
O . . . that Neptune's arms, who clippeth thee
about,
Would bear thee from the knowledge of thyself.
Shak.
2. To cut off; as with shears or scissors; as,
to clip the hair; to clip coin.
Sentenced to have his ears clipped.
Macaulay.
3. To curtail; to cut short.
All my reports go with the modest truth;
No more nor clipped, but so.
Shak.
In London they clip their words after one manner
about the court, another in the city, and a third in the
suburbs.
Swift.
Clip (?), v. i. To move
swiftly; -- usually with indefinite it.
Straight flies as chek, and clips it down the
wind.
Dryden.
Clip, n. 1. An embrace.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. A cutting; a shearing.
3. The product of a single shearing of sheep; a
season's crop of wool.
4. A clasp or holder for letters, papers,
etc.
5. An embracing strap for holding parts together;
the iron strap, with loop, at the ends of a whiffletree.
Knight.
6. (Far.) A projecting flange on the
upper edge of a horseshoe, turned up so as to embrace the lower
part of the hoof; -- called also toe clip and
beak.
Youatt.
7. A blow or stroke with the hand; as, he hit
him a clip. [Colloq. U. S.]
Clip"per (?), n. 1.
One who clips; specifically, one who clips off the edges of
coin.
<-- sic. coin here is in the plural. -->
The value is pared off from it into the clipper's
pocket.
Locke.
2. A machine for clipping hair, esp. the hair of
horses.
3. (Naut.) A vessel with a sharp bow,
built and rigged for fast sailing. --
Clip"per-built` (,
a.
Clip"ping (?), n. 1.
The act of embracing. [Obs.]
2. The act of cutting off, curtailing, or
diminishing; the practice of clipping the edges of coins.
clipping by Englishmen is robbing the honest man
who receives clipped money.
Locke.
3. That which is clipped off or out of something; a
piece separated by clipping; as, newspaper
clippings.
\'d8Clique (?), n. [F., fr. OF.
cliquer to click. See Click, v.
i.] A narrow circle of persons associated by
common interests or for the accomplishment of a common purpose;
-- generally used in a bad sense.
Clique, v. i. To To associate together
in a clannish way; to act with others secretly to gain a desired
end; to plot; -- used with together.
Cli"quish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a clique; disposed to from cliques; exclusive in
spirit.
-- Cli"*quish*ness, n.
Cli"quism (?), n. The tendency
to associate in cliques; the spirit of cliques.
\'d8Cli*tel"lus (?), n. [NL.,
prob. fr. L. clitellae a packsadle.]
(Zo\'94l.) A thickened glandular portion of the
body of the adult earthworm, consisting of several united
segments modified for reproductive purposes.
\'d8Cli"to*ris (? , n.
[NL., fr. Gr. labia pudendi.] (Anat.) A
small organ at the upper part of the vulva, homologous to the
penis in the male.
Cliv"ers (? , n. See
Cleavers.
Cliv"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Clivities (#). [L.
clivus hill.] Inclination; ascent or
descent; a gradient. [R.]
\'d8Clo"a"ca (?), n.; pl.
Cloac\'91 (#). [L.]
1. A sewer; as, the Cloaca Maxima of
Rome.
2. A privy.
3. (Anat.) The common chamber into which
the intestinal, urinary, and generative canals discharge in
birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many fishes.
Clo*a"cal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a cloaca.
Cloak (?; 110), n. [Of.
cloque cloak (from the bell-like shape), bell, F.
cloche bell; perh. of Celtik origin and the same word
as E. clock. See 1st Clock.]
1. A loose outer garment, extending from the neck
downwards, and commonly without sleeves. It is longer than a
cape, and is worn both by men and by women.
2. That which conceals; a disguise or pretext; an
excuse; a fair pretense; a mask; a cover.
No man is esteemed any ways considerable for policy who wears
religion otherwise than as a cloak.
South.
Cloak bag, a bag in which a cloak or other
clothes are carried; a portmanteau.
Shak.
Cloak, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cloaked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cloaking.] To cover with, or
as with, a cloak; hence, to hide or conceal.
Now glooming sadly, so to cloak her matter.
Spenser.
Syn. -- See Palliate.
Cloak"ed*ly, adv. In a concealed
manner.
Cloak"ing, n. 1. The act of
covering with a cloak; the act of concealing anything.
To take heed of their dissembings and
cloakings.
Strype.
2. The material of which of which cloaks are
made.
Cloak"room` (?), n. A room,
attached to any place of public resort, where cloaks, overcoats,
etc., may be deposited for a time.
Clock (?), n. [AS.
clucge bell; akin to D. klok clock, bell,
G. glocke, Dan. klokke, Sw.
klocka, Icel. klukka bell, LL.
clocca, cloca (whence F.
cloche); al perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael.
clog bell, clock, W. cloch bell. Cf.
Cloak.] 1. A machine for measuring
time, indicating the hour and other divisions by means of hands
moving on a dial plate. Its works are moved by a weight or a
spring, and it is often so constructed as to tell the hour by the
stroke of a hammer on a bell. It is not adapted, like the watch,
to be carried on the person.
2. A watcg, esp. one that strikes.
[Obs.]
Walton.
3. The striking of a clock.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
4. A figure or figured work on the ankle or side of
a stocking.
Swift.
what o'clock? it is nine
o'clock, etc., are contracted from what of the
clock? it is nine of the clock, etc.
Alarm clock. See under Alarm. --
Astronomical clock. (a) A clock of
superior construction, with a compensating pendulum, etc., to
measure time with great accuracy, for use in astronomical
observatories; -- called a regulator when used by
watchmakers as a standard for regulating timepieces.
(b) A clock with mechanism for indicating certain
astronomical phenomena, as the phases of the moon, position of
the sun in the ecliptic, equation of time, etc. --
Electric clock. (a) A clock moved or
regulated by electricity or electro-magnetism. (b)
A clock connected with an electro-magnetic recording
apparatus. -- Ship's clock (Naut.),
a clock arranged to strike from one to eight strokes, at half
hourly intervals, marking the divisions of the ship's
watches. -- Sidereal clock, an astronomical
clock regulated to keep sidereal time.
Clock (?), v. t. To ornament
with figured work, as the side of a stocking.
Clock, v. t. & i. To call, as a hen. See
Cluck. [R.]
Clock, n. (Zo\'94l.) A large
beetle, esp. the European dung beetle (Scarab\'91us
stercorarius).
Clock"like` (?), a. Like a
clock or like clockwork; mechanical.
Their services are clocklike, to be set
Blackward and vorward at their lord's command.
B. Jonson.
Clock"work` (?), n. The
machinery of a clock, or machinary resembling that of a clock;
machinery which produced regularity of movement.
Clod (?), n. [OE.
clodde, latter form of clot. See
Clot.] 1. A lump or mass, especially
of earth, turf, or clay. \'bdClods of a slimy
substance.\'b8 Carew. \'bdClods of iron and
brass.\'b8 Milton. \'bdClods of
blood.\'b8 E. Fairfax.
The earth that casteth up from the plow a great
clod, is not so good as that which casteth up a
smaller clod.
Bacon.
2. The ground; the earth; a spot of earth or
turf.
The clod
Where once their sultan's horse has trod.
Swift.
3. That which is earthy and of little relative
value, as the body of man in comparison with the soul.
This cold clod of clay which we carry about with
us.
T. Burnet.
4. A dull, gross, stupid fellow; a dolt
Dryden.
5. A pert of the shoulder of a beef creature, or of
the neck piece near the shoulder. See Illust. of
Beef.
Clod (?), v.i To collect into
clods, or into a thick mass; to coagulate; to clot; as,
clodded gore. See Clot.
Clodded in lumps of clay.
G. Fletcher.
Clod, v. t. 1. To pelt with
clods.
Jonson.
2. To throw violently; to hurl.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Clod"dish (?), a. Resembling
clods; gross; low; stupid; boorish.
Hawthorne.
-- Clod"dish*ness, n.
Clod"dy (?), a. Consisting of
clods; full of clods.
Clod"hop`per (?), n. A rude,
rustic fellow.
Clod"hop`ping, a. Boorish; rude.
C. Bront\'82.
Clod"pate` (?), n. A blockhead;
a dolt.
Clod"pat`ed (?), a. Stupid;
dull; doltish.
Clod"poll` (?), n.
[Clod + poll head.] A
stupid fellow; a dolt. [Written also
clodpole.]
Shak.
Cloff (?; 115), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Formerly an allowance of two pounds in
every three hundred weight after the tare and tret are
subtracted; now used only in a general sense, of small deductions
from the original weight. [Written also
clough.]
McCulloch.
Clog (?), n. [OE.
clogge clog, Scot. clag, n., a
clot, v., to to obstruct, cover with mud or anything
adhesive; prob. of the same origin as E. clay.]
1. That which hinders or impedes motion; hence, an
encumbrance, restraint, or impediment, of any kind.
All the ancient, honest, juridical principles and institutions
of England are so many clogs to check and retard the
headlong course of violence and opression.
Burke.
2. A weight, as a log or block of wood, attached to
a man or an animal to hinder motion.
As a dog . . . but chance breaks loose,
And quits his clog.
Hudibras.
A clog of lead was round my feet.
Tennyson.
3. A shoe, or sandal, intended to protect the feet
from wet, or to increase the apparent stature, and having,
therefore, a very thick sole. Cf. Chopine.
In France the peasantry goes barefoot; and the middle sort . .
. makes use of wooden clogs.
Harvey.
Clog almanac, a primitive kind of almanac or
calendar, formerly used in England, made by cutting notches and
figures on the four edges of a clog, or square piece of wood,
brass, or bone; -- called also a Runic staff,
from the Runic characters used in the numerical notation. --
Clog dance, a dance performed by a person wearing
clogs, or thick-soled shoes. -- Clog
dancer.
Clog, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clogged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clogging.] 1. To
encumber or load, especially with something that impedes motion;
to hamper.
The winds of birds were clogged with ace and
snow.
Dryden.
2. To obstruct so as to hinder motion in or
through; to choke up; as, to clog a tube or a
channel.
3. To burden; to trammel; to embarrass; to
perplex.
The commodities are clogged with impositions.
Addison.
You 'll rue the time
That clogs me with this answer.
Shak.
Syn. -- Impede; hinder; obstruct; embarrass; burden;
restrain; restrict.
Clog, v. i. 1. To become
clogged; to become loaded or encumbered, as with extraneous
matter.
In working through the bone, the teeth of the saw will begin
to clog.
S. Sharp.
2. To coalesce or adhere; to unite in a mass.
Move it sometimes with a broom, that the seeds clog
not together.
Evelyn.
Clog"gi*ness (?), n. The state
of being clogged.
Clog"ging, n. Anything which
clogs.
Dr. H. More.
Clog"gy (?), a. Clogging, or
having power to clog.
\'d8Cloi`son*n\'82 (?), a. [F.,
partitioned, fr. cloison a partition.]
Inlaid between partitions: -- said of enamel when the lines
which divide the different patches of fields are composed of a
kind of metal wire secured to the ground; as distinguished from
champlev\'82 enamel, in which the ground is engraved
or scooped out to receive the enamel.
S. Wells Williams.
Clois"ter (?), n. [OF.
cloistre, F. clo\'8ctre, L.
claustrum, pl. claustra, bar, bolt, bounds,
fr. claudere, clausum, to close. See
Close, v. t., and cf.
Claustral.]
1. An inclosed place. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A covered passage or ambulatory on one side of a
court; (pl.) the series of such passages on the
different sides of any court, esp. that of a monastery or a
college.
But let my due feet never fail
To walk the studious cloister's pale.
Milton.
3. A monastic establishment; a place for retirement
from the world for religious duties.
Fitter for a cloister than a crown.
Daniel.
Cloister garth (Arch.), the garden
or open part of a court inclosed by the cloisters.
Syn. -- Cloister, Monastery,
Nunnery, Convent, Abbey,
Priory. Cloister and
convent are generic terms, and denote a place of
seclusion from the world for persons who devote their lives to
religious purposes. They differ is that the distinctive idea of
cloister is that of seclusion from the world, that of
convent, community of living. Both terms denote houses
for recluses of either sex. A cloister or
convent for monks is called a
monastery; for nuns, a nunnery.
An abbey is a convent or monastic institution governed
by an abbot or an abbess; a priory is one governed by
a prior or a prioress, and is usually affiliated to an
abbey.
Clois"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cloistered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cloistering.] To confine in, or as in,
a cloister; to seclude from the world; to immure.
None among them are throught worthy to be styled religious
persons but those that cloister themselves up in a
monastery.
Sharp.
Clois"ter*al (?), a.
Cloistral. [Obs.]
I. Walton.
Clois"tered (?), a. 1.
Dwelling in cloisters; solitary.
\'bdCloistered friars and vestal nuns.\'b8
Hudibras.
In cloistered state let selfish sages dwell,
Proud that their heart is narrow as their cell.
Shenstone.
2. Furnished with cloisters.
Sir H. Wotton.
Clois"ter*er (?), n. [Cf. OF.
cloistier.] One belonging to, or living in,
a cloister; a recluse.
Clois"tral (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or confined in, a cloister; recluse.
[Written also cloisteral.]
Best become a cloistral exercise.
Daniel.
Clois"tress (?), n. A
nun. [R.]
Shak.
Cloke (?), n. & v. See
Cloak. [Obs.]
{ Clomb (?), Clomb"en
(?), } imp. & p. p. of
Climb (for climbed).
[Obs.]
The sonne, he sayde, is clomben up on hevene.
Chaucer.
Clomp (?), n. See
Clamp.
Clong (?), imp. of
Cling. [Obs.]
Clon"ic (?), a. [Gr. clonique.]
(Med.) Having an irregular, convulsive
motion.
Dunglison.
Clonic spasm. (Med.) See under
Spasm.
Cloom (?), v. t. [A variant of
clam to clog.] To close with glutinous
matter. [Obs.]
Mortimer.
Cloop (?), n. [An
onomatop\'d2ia.] The sound made when a cork is
forcibly drawn from a bottle. \'bdThe cloop of a
cork wrenched from a bottle.\'b8
Thackeray.
Close (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Closed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Closing.]
[From OF. & F. clos, p. p. of clore to
close, fr. L. claudere; akin to G.
schliessen to shut, and to E. clot,
cloister, clavicle, conclude,
sluice. Cf. Clause, n.]
1. To stop, or fill up, as an opening; to shut;
as, to close the eyes; to close a
door.
2. To bring together the parts of; to consolidate;
as, to close the ranks of an army; -- often used
with up.
3. To bring to an end or period; to conclude; to
complete; to finish; to end; to consummate; as, to
close a bargain; to close a course of
instruction.
One frugal supper did our studies close.
Dryden.
4. To come or gather around; to inclose; to
encompass; to confine.
The depth closed me round about.
Jonah ii. 5.
But now thou dost thyself immure and close
In some one corner of a feeble heart.
Herbert.
A closed sea, a sea within the jurisdiction of
some particular nation, which controls its navigation.
Close, v. i. 1. To come
together; to unite or coalesce, as the parts of a wound, or parts
separated.
What deep wounds ever closed without a scar?
Byron.
2. To end, terminate, or come to a period; as,
the debate closed at six o'clock.
3. To grapple; to engange in hand-to-hand
fight.
They boldly closed in a hand-to-hand contest.
Prescott.
To close on or
upon, to come to a mutual agreement; to
agree on or join in. \'bdWould induce France and Holland to
close upon some measures between them to our
disadvantage.\'b8 Sir W. Temple. -- To close
with. (a) To accede to; to consent or agree
to; as, to close with the terms proposed.
(b) To make an agreement with. -- To close
with the land (Naut.), to approach the
land.
Close (?), n. 1. The
manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.
[Obs.]
The doors of plank were; their close exquisite.
Chapman.
2. Conclusion; cessation; ending; end.
His long and troubled life was drawing to a
close.
Macaulay.
3. A grapple in wrestling.
Bacon.
4. (Mus.) (a) The conclusion of
a strain of music; cadence. (b) A double bar
marking the end.
At every close she made, the attending throng
Replied, and bore the burden of the song.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Conclusion; termination; cessation; end; ending;
extremity; extreme.
Close (? , n. [OF. & F.
clos an inclosure, fr. clos, p. p. of
clore. See Close, v. t.]
1. An inclosed place; especially, a small field or
piece of land surrounded by a wall, hedge, or fence of any kind;
-- specifically, the precinct of a cathedral or abbey.
Closes surrounded by the venerable abodes of deans
and canons.
Macaulay.
2. A narrow passage leading from a street to a
court, and the houses within. [Eng.]
Halliwell
3. (Law) The interest which one may have
in a piece of ground, even though it is not inclosed.
Bouvier.
Close (?), a.
[Compar. Closer (?);
superl. Closest.] [Of. & F.
clos, p. p. of clore. See Close,
v. t.] 1. Shut fast; closed;
tight; as, a close box.
From a close bower this dainty music flowed.
Dryden.
2. Narrow; confined; as, a close
alley; close quarters. \'bdA close
prison.\'b8
Dickens.
3. Oppressive; without motion or ventilation;
causing a feeling of lassitude; -- said of the air, weather,
etc.
If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of windows and doors, the
one maketh the air close, . . . and the other maketh
it exceeding unequal.
Bacon.
4. Strictly confined; carefully quarded; as, a
close prisoner.
5. Out of the way observation; secluded; secret;
hidden. \'bdHe yet kept himself close because of
Saul.\'b8
1 Chron. xii. 1
\'bdHer close intent.\'b8
Spenser.
6. Disposed to keep secrets; secretive;
reticent. \'bdFor servecy, no lady closer.\'b8
Shak.
7. Having the parts near each other; dense; solid;
compact; as applied to bodies; viscous; tenacious; not volatile,
as applied to liquids.
The golden globe being put into a press, . . . the water made
itself way through the pores of that very close
metal.
Locke.
8. Concise; to the point; as, close
reasoning. \'bdWhere the original is close
no version can reach it in the same compass.\'b8
Dryden.
9. Adjoining; near; either in space; time, or
thought; -- often followed by to.
Plant the spring crocuses close to a wall.
Mortimer.
The thought of the Man of sorrows seemed a very
close thing -- not a faint hearsay.
G. Eliot.
10. Short; as, to cut grass or hair
close.
11. Intimate; familiar; confidential.
League with you I seek
And mutual amity, so strait, so close,
That I with you must dwell, or you with me.
Milton.
12. Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced; as, a
close vote. \'bdA close
contest.\'b8
Prescott.
13. Difficult to obtain; as, money is
close.
Bartlett.
14. Parsimonious; stingy. \'bdA crusty old
fellow, as close as a vise.\'b8
Hawthorne.
15. Adhering strictly to a standard or original;
exact; strict; as, a close translation.
Locke.
16. Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive;
undeviating; strict; not wandering; as, a close
observer.
17. (Phon.) Uttered with a relatively
contracted opening of the mouth, as certain sounds of
e and o in French, Italian, and German; --
opposed to open.
Close borough. See under
Borough. -- Close breeding. See
under Breeding. -- Close communion,
communion in the Lord's supper, restricted to those who have
received baptism by immersion. -- Close
corporation, a body or corporation which fills its own
vacancies. -- Close fertilization.
(Bot.) See Fertilization. --
Close harmony (Mus.), compact harmony,
in which the tones composing each chord are not widely
distributed over several octaves. -- Close time,
a fixed period during which killing game or catching certain
fish is prohibited by law. -- Close vowel
(Pron.), a vowel which is pronounced with a
diminished aperture of the lips, or with contraction of the
cavity of the mouth. -- Close to the wind
(Naut.), directed as nearly to the point from
which the wind blows as it is possible to sail; closehauled; --
said of a vessel.
Close (?), adv. 1. In
a close manner.
2. Secretly; darkly. [Obs.]
A wondrous vision which did close imply
The course of all her fortune and posterity.
Spenser.
Close"-band`ed (?), a. Closely
united.
Close"-barred` (?), a. Firmly
barred or closed.
Close"-bod`ied (?), a. Fitting
the body exactly; setting close, as a garment.
Ayliffe.
Close"-fights` (?), n. pl.
(Naut.) Barriers with loopholes, formerly erected
on the deck of a vessel to shelter the men in a close engagement
with an enemy's boarders; -- called also close
quarters. [Obs.]
Close"fist`ed (?), a. Covetous;
niggardly.
Bp. Berkeley.
\'bdClosefisted contractors.\'b8
Hawthorne.
Close"hand`ed (?), a. Covetous;
penurious; stingy; closefisted. --
Close"hand`ed*ness, n.
Close"hauled` (?), a.
(Naut.) Under way and moving as nearly as
possible toward the direction from which the wind blows; -- said
of a sailing vessel.
Close"ly, adv. 1. In a close
manner.
2. Secretly; privately. [Obs.]
That nought she did but wayle, and often steepe
Her dainty couch with tears which
closely she did weepe.
Spenser.
Close"mouthed` (?), a. Cautious
in speaking; secret; wary; uncommunicative.
Clos"en (?), v. t. To make
close. [R.]
Close"ness, n. The state of being
close.
Half stifled by the closeness of the room.
Swift.
We rise not against the piercing judgment of Augustus, nor the
extreme caution or closeness of Tiberius.
Bacon.
An affectation of closeness and covetousness.
Addison.
Syn. -- Narrowness; oppressiveness; strictness; secrecy;
compactness; conciseness; nearness; intimacy; tightness;
stinginess; literalness.
Clos"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot closer. See
under Boot.
2. A finisher; that which finishes or
terminates.
3. (Masonry) The last stone in a
horizontal course, if of a less size than the others, or a piece
of brick finishing a course.
Gwilt.
Close"reefed` (?), a.
(Naut.) Having all the reefs taken in; -- said of
a sail.
Close"-stool` (?), n. A utensil
to hold a chamber vessel, for the use of the sick and infirm. It
is usually in the form of a box, with a seat and tight
cover.
Clos"et (?), n. [OF.
closet little inclosure, dim. of clos. See
Close an inclosure.] 1. A small room
or apartment for retirement; a room for privacy.
A chair-lumbered closet, just twelve feet by
nine.
Goldsmith.
When thou prayest, enter into thy closet.
Matt. vi. 6.
2. A small apartment, or recess in the side of a
room, for household utensils, clothing, etc.
Dryden.
Closet sin, sin commited in privacy.
Bp. Hall.
Clos"et, v. t. [imp. & p. pr.
& vb. n. Closeting.] 1.
To shut up in, or as in, a closet; to conceal.
[R.]
Bedlam's closeted and handcuffed charge.
Cowper.
2. To make into a closet for a secret
interview.
He was to call a new legislature, to closet its
members.
Bancroft.
He had been closeted with De Quadra.
Froude.
Close"-tongued` (, a.
Closemouthed; silent. \'bdClose-tongued
treason.\'b8
Shak.
<-- p. 268 -->
Closh (?), n. [CF. F.
clocher to limp, halt.] A disease in the
feet of cattle; laminitis.
Crabb.
Closh, n. [CF. D. klossen to
play at bowls.] The game of ninepins.
[Obs.]
Halliwell.
Clo"sure (?, 135), n. [Of.
closure, L. clausura, fr. clauedere to
shut. See Close, v. t.] 1.
The act of shutting; a closing; as, the closure
of a chink.
2. That which closes or shuts; that by which
separate parts are fastened or closed.
Without a seal, wafer, or any closure whatever.
Pope.
3. That which incloses or confines; an
inclosure.
O thou bloody prison . . .
Within the guilty closure of thy walls
Richard the Second here was hacked to death.
Shak.
4. A conclusion; an end. [Obs.]
Shak.
5. (Parliamentary Practice) A method of
putting an end to debate and securing an immediate vote upon a
measure before a legislative body. It is similar in effect to
the previous question. It was first introduced into
the British House of Commons in 1882. The French word
cl\'93ture was originally applied to this
proceeding.
Clot (?), n. [OE.
clot, clodde, clod; akin to D.
kloot ball, G. kloss clod, dumpling,
klotz block, Dan. klods, Sw.
klot bowl, globe, klots block; cf. AS.
cl\'bete bur. Cf. Clod, n.,
Clutter to clot.] A concretion or
coagulation; esp. a soft, slimy, coagulated mass, as of blood; a
coagulum. \'bdClots of pory gore.\'b8
Addison.
Doth bake the egg into clots as if it began to
poach.
Bacon.
Clod and clot appear to be
radically the same word, and are so used by early writers; but in
present use clod is applied to a mass of earth or the
like, and clot to a concretion or coagulation of soft
matter.
Clot, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Clotted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Clotting.] To concrete, coagulate, or
thicken, as soft or fluid matter by evaporation; to become a cot
or clod.
Clot, v. t. To form into a slimy
mass.
Clot"bur` (?), n. [Cf.
Clote.] 1. The burdock.
[Prov. Engl.]
Prior.
2. Same as Cocklebur.
Clote (?), n. [AS.
cl: cf. G. klette.] The
common burdock; the clotbur. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Cloth (?; 115), n.; pl.
Cloths (#; 115), except in the sense of
garments, when it is Clothes (kl\'d3thz [OE. clath cloth, AS.
cl\'be\'ed cloth, garment; akin to D.
kleed, Icel. kl\'91\'ebi, Dan.
kl\'91de, cloth, Sw. kl\'84de, G.
kleid garment, dress.] 1. A fabric
made of fibrous material (or sometimes of wire, as in wire
cloth); commonly, a woven fabric of cotton, woolen, or linen,
adapted to be made into garments; specifically, woolen fabrics,
as distinguished from all others.
2. The dress; raiment. [Obs.] See
Clothes.
I'll ne'er distust my God for cloth and bread.
Quarles.
3. The distinctive dress of any profession,
especially of the clergy; hence, the clerical profession.
Appeals were made to the priesthood. Would they tamely permit
so gross an insult to be offered to their cloth?
Macaulay.
The cloth, the clergy, are constituted for
administering and for giving the best possible effect to . . .
every axiom.
I. Taylor.
Body cloth. See under Body. --
Cloth of gold, a fabric woven wholly or partially
of threads of gold. -- Cloth measure, the
measure of length and surface by which cloth is measured and
sold. For this object the standard yard is usually divided into
quarters and nails. -- Cloth paper, a coarse
kind of paper used in pressing and finishing woolen cloth.
-- Cloth shearer, one who shears cloth and frees
it from superfluous nap.
Clothe (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clothed
( Clad (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clothing.] [OE.
clathen, clothen, clethen, AS.
cl\'be\'ebian, cl\'91\'eban. See
Cloth.] 1. To put garments on; to
cover with clothing; to dress.
Go with me, to clothe you as becomes you.
Shak.
2. To provide with clothes; as, to feed and
clothe a family; to clothe one's self
extravagantly.
Drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags.
Prov. xxiii. 21
The naked every day he clad,
When he put on his clothes.
Goldsmith.
3. Fig.: To cover or invest, as with a garment;
as, to clothe one with authority or
power.
Language in which they can clothe their
thoughts.
Watts.
His sides are clothed with waving wood.
J. Dyer.
Thus Belial, with with words clothed in reason's
garb.
Milton.
Clothe (?), v. i. To wear
clothes. [Poetic]
Care no more to clothe eat.
Shak.
Clothes (? , n. pl.
[From Cloth.] 1. Covering for
the human body; dress; vestments; vesture; -- a general term for
whatever covering is worn, or is made to be worn, for decency or
comfort.
She . . . speaks well, and has excellent good
clothes.
Shak.
If I may touch but his clothes, I shall be
whole.
Mark. v. 28.
2. The covering of a bed; bedclothes.
She turned each way her frighted head,
Then sunk it deep beneath the clothes.
Prior.
Body clothes. See under Body. --
Clothes moth (Zo\'94l.), a small moth
of the genus Tinea. The most common species (T.
flavifrontella)is yellowish white. The larv\'91 eat woolen
goods, furs, feathers, etc. They live in tubular cases made of
the material upon which they feed, fastened together with
silk.
Syn. -- Garments; dress; clothing; apparel; attire; vesture;
raiment; garb; costume; habit; habiliments.
Clothes"horse` (?), n. A frame
to hang clothes on.
Clothes"line` (?), n. A rope or
wire on which clothes are hung to dry.
Clothes"pin` (? , n. A
forked piece of wood, or a small spring clamp, used for fastening
clothes on a line.
Clothes"press` (?), n. A
receptacle for clothes.
Cloth"ier (?), n. 1.
One who makes cloths; one who dresses or fulls cloth.
Hayward.
2. One who sells cloth or clothes, or who makes and
sells clothes.
Cloth"ing (?), n. 1.
Garments in general; clothes; dress; raiment;
covering.
From others he shall stand in need of nothing,
Yet on his brothers shall depend for clothing.
Milton.
As for me, . . . my clothing was sackloth.
Ps. xxxv. 13
2. The art of process of making cloth.
[R.]
Instructing [refugees] in the art of clothing.
Ray.
3. A covering of non-conducting material on the
outside of a boiler, or steam chamber, to prevent radiation of
heat.
Knight.
4. (Mach.) See Card
clothing, under 3d Card.
Clot"hred (?), p. p. Clottered.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Clot"poll` (?), n. See
Clodpoll. [Obs.]
Shak.
Clot"ted (?), a. Composed of
clots or clods; having the quality or form of a clot; sticky;
slimy; foul. \'bdThe clotted glebe.\'b8
J. Philips.
When lust . . .
Lets in defilement to the inward parts,
The soul grows clotted by contagion.
Milton.
Clot"ter (?), v. i. [From
Clot.] To concrete into lumps; to clot.
[Obs.] \'bdClottered blood.\'b8
Chapman.
Clot"ty (?), a. [From
Clot, n.] Full of clots, or
clods. \'bdClotty matter.\'b8
Harvey.
\'d8Cl\'93`ture" (?), n.
[F.] (Parliamentary Practice) See
Closure, 5.
Clot"weed` (?), n. [See
Clote.] Cocklebur.
Cloud (?), n. [Prob. fr. AS.
cld a rock or hillock, the application arising from
the frequent resemblance of clouds to rocks or hillocks in the
sky or air.] 1. A collection of visible
vapor, or watery particles, susponded in the upper
atmosphere.
I do set my bow in the cloud.
Gen. ix. 13.
(a) Cirrus.
This is the most elevated of all the forms of clouds; is thin,
long-drawn, sometimes looking like carded wool or hair, sometimes
like a brush or room, sometimes in curl-like or fleecelike
patches. It is the cat's-tail of the sailor, and the
mare's-tail of the landsman. (b)
Cumulus. This form appears in large masses of a
hemispherical form, or nearly so, above, but flat below, one
often piled above another, forming great clouds, common in the
summer, and presenting the appearance of gigantic mountains
crowned with snow. It often affords rain and thunder gusts.
(c) Stratus. This form appears in layers
or bands extending horizontally. (d)
Nimbus. This form is characterized by its uniform
gray tint and ragged edges; it covers the sky in seasons of
continued rain, as in easterly storms, and is the proper
rain cloud. The name is sometimes used to denote a
raining cumulus, or cumulostratus. (e)
Cirro-cumulus. This form consists, like the
cirrus, of thin, broken, fleecelice clouds, but the
parts are more or less rounded and regulary grouped. It is
popularly called mackerel sky. (f)
Cirro-stratus. In this form the patches of cirrus
coalesce in long strata, between cirrus and stratus. (g)
Cumulo-stratus. A form between cumulus and
stratus, often assuming at the horizon a black or bluish tint. --
Fog, cloud, motionless, or nearly so, lying near
or in contact with the earth's surface. -- Storm
scud, cloud lying quite low, without form, and driven
rapidly with the wind.
2. A mass or volume of smoke, or flying dust,
resembling vapor. \'bdA thick cloud of
incense.\'b8
Ezek. viii. 11.
3. A dark vein or spot on a lighter material, as in
marble; hence, a blemish or defect; as, a cloud upon
one's reputation; a cloud on a title.
4. That which has a dark, lowering, or threatening
aspect; that which temporarily overshadows, obscures, or
depresses; as, a cloud of sorrow; a cloud
of war; a cloud upon the intellect.
5. A great crowd or multitude; a vast
collection. \'bdSo great a cloud of
witnesses.\'b8
Heb. xii. 1.
6. A large, loosely-knitted scarf, worn by women
about the head.
Cloud on a (or the)
title (Law), a defect of title,
usually superficial and capable of removal by release, decision
in equity, or legislation. -- To be under a
cloud, to be under suspicion or in disgrace; to be in
disfavor. -- In the clouds, in the realm of
facy and imagination; beyond reason; visionary.
Cloud (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clouded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Clouding.] 1.
To overspread or hide with a cloud or clouds; as, the
sky is clouded.
2. To darken or obscure, as if by hiding or
enveloping with a cloud; hence, to render gloomy or sullen.
One day too late, I fear me, noble lord,
Hath clouded all thy happy days on earth.
Shak.
Be not disheartened, then, nor cloud those
looks.
Milton.
Nothing clouds men's minds and impairs their
honesty like prejudice.
M. Arnold.
3. To blacken; to sully; to stain; to tarnish; to
damage; -- esp. used of reputation or character.
I would not be a stander-by to hear
My sovereign mistress clouded so, without
My present vengeance taken.
Shak.
4. To mark with, or darken in, veins or sports; to
variegate with colors; as, to cloud yarn.
And the nice conduct of a clouded cane.
Pope.
Cloud, v. i. To grow cloudy; to become
obscure with clouds; -- often used with up.
Worthies, away! The scene begins to cloud.
Shak.
Coud"age (?), n. Mass of
clouds; cloudiness. [R.]
A scudding cloudage of shapes.
Coleridge.
Cloud"ber`ry (?), n.
(Bot.) A species of raspberry (Rubus
Cham\'91merous) growing in the northern regions, and
bearing edible, amber-colored fruit.
Cloud"-built (?), a. Built of,
or in, the clouds; airy; unsubstantial; imaginary.
Cowper.
So vanished my cloud-built palace.
Goldsmith.
Cloud"-burst` (?), n. A sudden
copious rainfall, as the whole cloud had been precipitated at
once.
Cloud"-capped` (?), a. Having
clouds resting on the top or head; reaching to the clouds;
as, cloud-capped mountains.
Cloud"-com*pel`ler (?), n.
Cloud-gatherer; -- an epithet applied to Zeus.
[Poetic.]
Pope.
Cloud"i*ly (?), adv. In a
cloudy manner; darkly; obscurely.
Dryden.
Cloud"i*ness, n. The state of being
cloudy.
Cloud"ing, n. 1. A mottled
appearance given to ribbons and silks in the process of
dyeing.
2. A diversity of colors in yarn, recurring at
regular intervals.
Knight.
Cloud"land` (?), n.
Dreamland.
Cloud"less, a. Without a cloud; clear;
bright.
A cloudless winter sky.
Bankroft.
-- Cloud"less*ly, adv. --
Cloud"less*ness, n.
Cloud"let (?), n. A little
cloud.
R. Browning.
Eve's first star through fleecy cloudlet
peeping.
Coleridge.
Cloud"y (, a.
[Compar. Cloudier (;
superl. Cloudiest.] [From
Cloud, n.] 1. Overcast
or obscured with clouds; clouded; as, a cloudy
sky.
2. Consisting of a cloud or clouds.
As Moses entered into the tabernacle, the cloudy
pillar descended.
Ex. xxxiii. 9
3. Indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness, or
ill-nature; not open or cheerful. \'bdA cloudy
countenance.\'b8
Shak.
4. Confused; indistinct; obscure; dark.
Cloudy and confused notions of things.
Watts.
5. Lacking clearness, brightness, or luster.
\'bdA cloudy diamond.\'b8
Boyle.
6. Marked with veins or sports of dark or various
hues, as marble.
Clough (?), n. [OE.
clough, cloghe, clou,
clewch, AS. (assumed) cl\'d3h, akin to G.
klinge ravine.] 1. A cleft in a
hill; a ravine; a narrow valley.
Nares.
2. A sluice used in returning water to a channel
after depositing its sediment on the flooded land.
Knight.
Clough (?; 115), n.
(Com.) An allowance in weighing. See
Cloff.
Clout (?), n. [AS.
cl\'d4t a little cloth, piece of metal; cf. Sw.
klut, Icel. kl\'d4tr a kerchief, or W.
clwt a clout, Gael. clud.]
1. A cloth; a piece of cloth or leather; a patch; a
rag.
His garments, nought but many ragged clouts,
With thorns together pinned and patched was.
Spenser.
A clout upon that head where late the diadem
stood.
Shak.
2. A swadding cloth.
3. A piece; a fragment. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
4. The center of the butt at which archers shoot;
-- probably once a piece of white cloth or a nail head.
A'must shoot nearer or he'll ne'er hit the
clout.
Shak.
5. An iron plate on an axletree or other wood to
keep it from wearing; a washer.
6. A blow with the hand. [Low]
Clout nail, a kind of wrought-iron nail
heaving a large flat head; -- used for fastening clouts to
axletrees, plowshares, etc., also for studding timber, and for
various purposes.
Clout, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clouted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Clouting.] [OE. clutien.
clouten, to patch. See Clout,
n.] 1. To cover with cloth,
leather, or other material; to bandage; patch, or mend, with a
clout.
And old shoes and clouted upon their feet.
Josh. ix. 5.
Paul, yea, and Peter, too, had more skill in . . .
clouting an old tent than to teach lawyers.
Latimer.
2. To join or patch clumsily.
If fond Bavius vent his clouted song.
P. Fletcher
3. To quard with an iron plate, as an
axletree.
4. To give a blow to; to strike.
[Low]
The . . . queen of Spain took off one of her chopines and
clouted Olivarez about the noddle with it.
Howell.
5. To stud with nails, as a timber, or a boot
sole.
Clouted cream, clotted cream, i.
e., cream obtained by warming new milk.
A. Philips.
Clouted brogues\'b8 in Shakespeare
and \'bdclouted shoon\'b8 in Milton have been
understood by some to mean shoes armed with nails; by others,
patched shoes.
Clout"er*ly (?), a. [From
Clout, n.] Clumsy; awkward.
[Obs.]
Rough-hewn, cloutery verses.
E. Phillips.
Clove (?), imp. of
Cleave. Cleft.
Spenser.
Clove hitch (Naut.) See under
Hitch. -- Clove hook (Naut.),
an iron two-part hook, with jaws overlapping, used in bending
chain sheets to the clews of sails; -- called also clip
hook.
Knight.
Clove, n. [D. kloof. See
Cleave, v. t.] A cleft; a gap; a
ravine; -- rarely used except as part of a proper name; as,
Kaaterskill Clove; Stone Clove.
Clove, n. [OE. clow, fr. F.
clou nail, clou de girofle a clove, lit.
nail of clove, fr. L. clavus nail, perh. akin to
clavis key, E. clavicle. The clove was so
called from its resemblance to a nail. So in D.
kruidnagel clove, lit. herb-nail or
spice-nail. Cf. Cloy.] A very
pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove
tree (Eugenia, ), a native
of the Molucca Isles.
Clove camphor. (Chem.) See
Eugenin. -- Clove gillyflower,
Clove pink (Bot.), any fragrant
self-colored carnation.
Clove, n. [AS. clufe an ear
of corn, a clove of garlic; cf. cle\'a2fan to split,
E. cleave.] 1. (Bot.)
One of the small bulbs developed in the axils of the scales
of a large bulb, as in the case of garlic.
Developing, in the axils of its skales, new bulbs, of what
gardeners call cloves.
Lindley.
<-- p. 269 -->
2. A weight. A clove of cheese is about
eight pounds, of wool, about seven pounds. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Clo"ven (?), p. p. & a. from
Cleave, v. t.
To show the cloven foot hoof, to reveal a devilish character, or
betray an evil purpose, notwithstanding disguises, -- Satan being
represented dramatically and symbolically as having cloven
hoofs.
{ Clo"ven-foot`ed (?),
Clo"ven-hoofed` (?) }, a.
Having the foot or hoof divided into two parts, as the
ox.
Clo"ver (?), n. [OE.
claver, clover, AS. cl;
akin to LG. & Dan. klever, D. klaver, G.
klee, Sw. kl.]
(Bot.) A plant of differend species of the genus
Trifolium; as the common red clover, T.
pratense, the white, T. repens, and the hare's
foot, T. arvense.
Clover weevil (Zo\'94l.) a small
weevil (Apion apricans), that destroys the seeds of
clover. -- Clover worm (Zo\'94l.),
the larva of a small moth (Asopia costalis), often
very destructive to clover hay. -- In clover, in
very pleasant circumstances; fortunate. [Colloq.] --
Sweet clover. See
Meliot.
Clo"vered (?), a. Covered with
growing clover.
Flocks thick nibbling through the clovered
vale.
Thomson.
Clowe"-gi*lof`re (?), n. [See
3d Clove, and Gilliflower.] Spice
clove. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Clown (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
klunni a clumsy, boorish fellow, North Fries.
kl clown, dial. Sw. klunn log, Dan.
klunt log block, and E. clump, n.]
1. A man of coarse nature and manners; an awkward
fellow; an illbred person; a boor.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. One who works upon the soil; a rustic; a
churl.
The clown, the child of nature, without guile.
Cowper.
3. The fool or buffoon in a play, circus,
etc.
The clown shall make those laugh whose lungs are
tickle o'the sere.
Shak.
Clown, v. i. To act as a clown; -- with
it [Obs.]
Beclowns it properly indeed.
B. Jonson.
Clown"age (?), n. Behavior or
manners of a clown; clownery. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Clown"er*y (?), n.
Clownishness.
L'Estrange.
Clown"ish, a. Of or resembling a clown,
or characteristic of a clown; ungainly; awkward.
\'bdClownish hands.\'b8 Spenser.
\'bdClownish mimic.\'b8 Prior.
-- Clown"ish*ly, adv.
Syn. -- Coarse; rough; clumsy; awkward; ungainly; rude;
uncivil; ill-bred; boorish; rustic; untutored.
Clown"ish*ness, n. The manners of a
clown; coarseness or rudeness of behavior.
That plainness which the alamode people call
clownishness.
Locke.
Cloy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cloyed
(kloid); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cloying.] [OE. cloer to nail
up, F. clouer, fr. OF. clo nail, F.
clou, fr. L. clavus nail. Cf. 3d
Clove.] 1. To fill or choke up; to
stop up; to clog. [Obs.]
The duke's purpose was to have cloyed the harbor by
sinking ships, laden with stones.
Speed.
2. To glut, or satisfy, as the appetite; to
satiate; to fill to loathing; to surfeit.
[Who can] cloy the hungry edge of appetite
By bare imagination of a feast?
Shak.
He sometimes cloys his readers instead of
satisfying.
Dryden.
3. To penetrate or pierce; to wound.
Which, with his cruel tusk, him deadly cloyed.
Spenser.
He never shod horse but he cloyed him.
Bacon.
4. To spike, as a cannon. [Obs.]
Johnson.
5. To stroke with a claw. [Obs.]
Shak.
Cloy"less, a. That does not cloy.
Shak.
Cloy"ment (?), n.
Satiety. [Obs.]
Shak.
Club (?), n. [CF. Icel.
klubba, klumba, club,
klumbuf a clubfoot, SW. klubba club,
Dan. klump lump, klub a club, G.
klumpen clump, kolben club, and E.
clump.] 1. A heavy staff of wood,
usually tapering, and wielded the hand; a weapon; a cudgel.
But make you ready your stiff bats and clubs;
Rome and her rats are at the point of battle.
Shak.
2. [Cf. the Spanish name bastos, and Sp.
baston staff, club.] Any card of the suit
of cards having a figure like the trefoil or clover leaf.
(pl.) The suit of cards having such figure.
3. An association of persons for the promotion of
some common object, as literature, science, politics, good
fellowship, etc.; esp. an association supported by equal
assessments or contributions of the members.
They talked
At wine, in clubs, of art, of politics.
Tennyson.
He [Goldsmith] was one of the nine original members of that
celebrated fraternity which has sometimes been called the
Literary Club, but which has always disclaimed that
epithet, and still glories in the simple name of the
Club.
Macaulay.
4. A joint charge of expense, or any person's share
of it; a contribution to a common fund.
They laid down the club.
L'Estrange.
We dined at a French house, but paid ten shillings for our
part of the club.
Pepys.
Club law, government by violence; lynch law;
anarchy.
Addison. -
Club moss (Bot.), an evergreen
mosslike plant, much used in winter decoration. The best know
species is Lycopodium clavatum, but other
Lycopodia are often called by this name. The spores
form a highly inflammable powder. -- Club root
(Bot.), a disease of cabbages, by which the roots
become distorted and the heads spoiled. -- Club
topsail (Naut.), a kind of gaff topsail,
used mostly by yachts having a fore-and-aft rig. It has a short
\'bdclub\'b8 or \'bdjack yard\'b8 to increase its
spread.
Club (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clubbed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clubbing.] 1. To beat with a
club.
2. (Mil.) To throw, or allow to fall,
into confusion.
To club a battalion implies a temporary inability
in the commanding officer to restore any given body of men to
their natural front in line or column.
Farrow.
3. To unite, or contribute, for the accomplishment
of a common end; as, to club exertions.
4. To raise, or defray, by a proportional
assesment; as, to club the expense.
To club a musket (Mil.), to turn
the breach uppermost, so as to use it as a club.
Club (?), v. i. 1. To
form a club; to combine for the promotion of some common object;
to unite.
Till grosser atoms, tumbling in the stream
Of fancy, madly met, and clubbed into a dream.
Dryden.
2. To pay on equal or proportionate share of a
common charge or expense; to pay for something by
contribution.
The owl, the raven, and the bat,
Clubbed for a feather to his hat.
Swift.
3. (Naut.) To drift in a current with an
anchor out.
Club"ba*ble (?), a. Suitable
for membership in a club; sociable.
[Humorous.]
G. W. Curtis.
Clubbed (?), a. Shaped like a
club; grasped like, or used as, a club.
Skelton.
Club"ber (?), n. 1.
One who clubs.
2. A member of a club. [R.]
Massinger.
Club"bish (?), a. 1.
Rude; clownish. [Obs.]
2. Disposed to club together; as, a
clubbish set.
Club"bist (?), n. A member of a
club; a frequenter of clubs. [R.]
Burke.
Club"fist` (?), n. 1.
A large, heavy fist.
2. A coarse, brutal fellow.
[Obs.]
Mir. for Mag.
Club"fist`ed, a. Having a large
fist.
Howell.
Club"foot (?), n.
[Club + foot.] (Med.)
A short, variously distorted foot; also, the deformity,
usually congenital, which such a foot exhibits; talipes.
Club"foot`ed, a. Having a
clubfoot.
Club"hand` (?), n. (Med.)
A short, distorted hand; also, the deformity of having such
a hand.
Club"haul` (?), v. t.
(Naut.) To put on the other tack by dropping the
lee anchor as soon as the wind is out of the sails (which brings
the vessel's head to the wind), and by cutting the cable as soon
as she pays off on the other tack. Clubhauling is attempted only
in an exigency.
Club"house` (?), n. A house
occupied by a club.
Club"room` (?), n. The
apartment in which a club meets.
Addison.
Club"-rush` (?), n.
(Bot.) A rushlike plant, the reed mace or
cat-tail, or some species of the genus Scirpus. See
Bulrush.
Club"-shaped (?), a. Enlarged
gradually at the end, as the antenn\'91 of certain insects.
Cluck (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clucked
(?); p pr. & vb. n.
Clucking.] [AS. cloccian;
cf. D. klokken, G. glucken,
glucksen, LG. klukken, Dan.
klukke; all prob. of imitative origin.] To
make the noise, or utter the call, of a brooding hen.
Ray.
Cluck, v. t. To call together, or call
to follow, as a hen does her chickens.
She, poor hen, fond of no second brood,
Has clucked three to the wars.
Shak.
Cluck, n. 1. The call of a hen
to her chickens.
2. A click. See 3d Click, 2.
Cluck"ing, n. The noise or call of a
brooding hen.
Clue (?), n. [See
Clew, n.] A ball of thread; a
thread or other means of guidance. Same as Clew.
You have wound a goodly clue.
Shak.
This clue once found unravels all the rest.
Pope.
Serve as clues to guide us into further
knowledge.
Locke.
Clum (?), interj. Silence;
hush. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Clum"ber (?), n. [Named from
the estate of the Duke of Newcastle.] (Zo\'94l.)
A kind of field spaniel, with short legs and stout body,
which, unlike other spaniels, hunts silently.
Clump (?), n. [Cf. D.
klomp lump, G. klump, klumpen,
Dan. klump, Sw. kllimp; perh. akin to L.
globus, E. globe. Cf. Club.]
1. An unshaped piece or mass of wood or other
substance.
2. A cluster; a group; a thicket.
A clump of shrubby trees.
Hawthorne.
3. The compressed clay of coal strata.
Brande & C.
Clump, v. t. To arrange in a clump or
clumps; to cluster; to group.
Blackmore.
Clump, v. i. To tread clumsily; to
clamp. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Clump"er (?), v. t. [Cf. G.
kl\'81mpern to clod. See Clump,
n.] To form into clumps or masses.
[Obs.]
Vapors . . . clumpered in balls of clouds.
Dr. H. More.
Clumps (?), n. A game in which
questions are asked for the purpose of enabling the questioners
to discover a word or thing previously selected by two persons
who answer the questions; -- so called because the players take
sides in two \'bdclumps\'b8 or groups, the \'bdclump\'b8 which
guesses the word winning the game.
Clump"y (?), a. [From
Clump, n.] Composed of clumps;
massive; shapeless.
Leigh Hunt.
Clum"si*ly (?), adv. In a
clumsy manner; awkwardly; as, to walk
clumsily.
Clum"si*ness, n. The quality of being
clusy.
The drudging part of life is chiefly owing to
clumsiness and ignorance.
Collier.
Clum"sy (?), a.
[Compar. Clumsier (?);
superl. Clumsiest.] [OE.
clumsed benumbed, fr. clumsen to be
benumbed; cf. Icel. klumsa lockjaw, dial. Sw.
klummsen benumbed with cold. Cf. 1st Clam,
and 1st Clamp.] 1. Stiff or
benumbed, as with cold. [Obs.]
2. Without skill or grace; wanting dexterity,
nimbleness, or readiness; stiff; awkward, as if benumbed;
unwieldy; unhandy; hence; ill-made, misshapen, or inappropriate;
as, a clumsy person; a clumsy workman;
clumsy fingers; a clumsy gesture; a
clumsy excuse.
But thou in clumsy verse, unlicked, unpointed,
Hast shamefully defied the Lord's anointed.
Dryden.
Syn. -- See Awkward.
Clunch (?), n. [Perh. fr.
clinch to make fast] .
1. (Mining) Indurated clay. See
Bind, n., 3.
2. One of the hard beds of the lower chalk.
Dana.
Clung (?), imp. & p. p. of
Cling.
Clung, a. [Prop. p. p. fr. OE.
clingen to wither. See Cling, v.
i.] Wasted away; shrunken.
[Obs.]
Clu"ni*ac (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) A monk of the reformed branch of the
Benedictine Order, founded in 912 at Cluny (or Clugny) in France.
-- Also used as a.
Clu`ni*a*cen"sian (?), a.
Cluniac.
Clu"pe*oid (?), a.
[L.clupea a kind of fish, NL., generic name of
the herring + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to the Herring family.
Clus"ter (?), n. [AS.
cluster, clyster; cf. LG.
kluster (also Sw. & Dan. klase a cluster of
grapes, D. klissen to be entangled?.)]
1. A number of things of the same kind growing
together; a bunch.
Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes,
Which load the bunches of the fruitful vine.
Spenser.
2. A number of similar things collected together or
lying contiguous; a group; as, a cluster of
islands. \'bdCluster of provinces.\'b8
Motley.
3. A number of individuals grouped together or
collected in one place; a crowd; a mob.
As bees . . .
Pour forth their populous youth about the hive
In clusters.
Milton.
We loved him; but, like beasts
And cowardly nobles, gave way unto your clusters,
Who did hoot him out o' the city.
Shak.
Clus"ter, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Clustered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clustering.] To grow in
clusters or assemble in groups; to gather or unite in a cluster
or clusters.
His sunny hair
Cluster'd about his temples, like a god's.
Tennyson.
The princes of the country clustering together.
Foxe.
Clus"ter, v. t. To collect into a
cluster or clusters; to gather into a bunch or close body.
Not less the bee would range her cells, . . .
The foxglove cluster dappled bells.
Tennyson.
Or from the forest falls the clustered snow.
Thomson.
Clustered column (Arch.), a column
which is composed, or appears to be composed, of several columns
collected together.
Clus"ter*ing*ly, adv. In clusters.
Clus"ter*y (?), a. [From
Cluster, n.] Growing in, or full
of, clusters; like clusters.
Johnson.
Clutch (kl\'dcch; 224), n. [OE.
cloche, cloke, claw, Scot.
clook, cleuck, also OE. cleche
claw, clechen, cleken, to seize; cf. AS.
gel\'91ccan (where ge- is a prefix) to
seize. Cf. Latch a catch.] 1. A
gripe or clinching with, or as with, the fingers or claws;
seizure; grasp. \'bdThe clutch of poverty.\'b8
Cowper.
An expiring clutch at popularity.
Carlyle.
But Age, with his stealing steps,
Hath clawed me in his clutch.
Shak.
2. pl. The hands, claws, or talons, in
the act of grasping firmly; -- often figuratively, for power,
rapacity, or cruelty; as, to fall into the clutches
of an adversary.
I must have . . . little care of myself, if I ever more come
near the clutches of such a giant.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
3. (Mach.) A device which is used for
coupling shafting, etc., so as to transmit motion, and which may
be disengaged at pleasure.
4. Any device for gripping an object, as at the end
of a chain or tackle.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The nest complement of
eggs of a bird.
Bayonet clutch (Mach.), a clutch in
which connection is made by means of bayonets attached to arms
sliding on a feathered shaft. The bayonets slide through holes in
a crosshead fastened on the shaft.
Clutch, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clutched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clutching.] [OE.
clucchen. See Clutch, n.]
1. To seize, clasp, or gripe with the hand, hands,
or claws; -- often figuratively; as, to clutch
power.
A man may set the poles together in his head, and
clutch the whole globe at one intellectual grasp.
Collier.
Is this a dagger which I see before me . . . ?
Come, let me clutch thee.
Shak.
2. To close tightly; to clinch.
Not that I have the power to clutch my hand.
Shak.
Clutch, v. i. To reach (at something) as
if to grasp; to catch or snatch; -- often followed by
at.
Clutching at the phantoms of the stock market.
Bankroft.
Clut"ter (?), n. [Cf. W.
cludair heap, pile, cludeirio to
heap.] 1. A confused collection; hence,
confusion; disorder; as, the room is in a
clutter.
He saw what a clutter there was with huge,
overgrown pots, pans, and spits.
L'Estrange.
2. Clatter; confused noise.
Swift.
Clut"ter, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cluttered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cluttering.] To crowd together
in disorder; to fill or cover with things in disorder; to throw
into disorder; to disarrange; as, to clutter a
room.
Clut"ter, v. i. To make a confused
noise; to bustle.
It [the goose] cluttered here, it chuckled
there.
Tennyson.
Clut"ter, v. t. [From Clod,
n.] To clot or coagulate, as blood.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Clyp`e*as"troid (?), a. [NL.
Clypeaster (L. clupeus shield +
aster star) + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like or related to the genus
Clupeaster; -- applied to a group of flattened sea
urchins, with a rosette of pores on the upper side.
<-- p. 270 -->
Clyp"e*ate (?), a. [L.
clupeatus, p. p. of clupeare to arm with a
shield, fr. clupeus, clipeus shield.]
1. (Bot.) Shaped like a round buckler or
shield; scutate.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Furnished with a shield,
or a protective plate or shell.
Clyp"e*i*form` (?), a. [L.
clupeus shield + -form.]
Shield-shaped; clypeate.
\'d8Clyp"e*us (?), n.; pl.
Clypei (#). [L., a shield.]
(Zo\'94l.) The frontal plate of the head of an
insect.
Clys"mi*an (?), a. [Gr. Clyster.]
Connected with, or related to, the deluge, or to a
cataclysm; as, clysmian changes.
Smart.
Clys"mic (?), a. Washing;
cleansing.
Clys"ter (?), n. [L., fr. G.
hl\'d4trs pure, G. lauter: cf. F.
clyst\'8are] (Med.) A liquid
injected into the lower intestines by means of a syringe; an
injection; an enema.
Clyster pipe, a tube or pipe used for
injections.
Cne"mi*al (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Pertaining to the shin
bone.
Cnemial crest, a crestlike prominence on the
proximal end of the tibia of birds and some reptiles.
\'d8Cni"da (?), n.; pl.
Cnid\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the
peculiar stinging, cells found in C\'d2lenterata; a nematocyst; a
lasso cell.
\'d8Cni*da"ri*a (?), n.,
pl. [NL. See Cnida.]
(Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive group equivalent to
the true C\'d2lenterata, i.e., exclusive of the sponges.
They are so named from presence of stinging cells
(cnidae) in the tissues. See
Coelenterata.
Cni"do*blast (?), n.
[Cnida + -blast.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the cells which, in the
C\'d2lenterata, develop into cnid\'91.
Cni"do*cil (?), n.
[Cnida + cilium eyelash.]
(Zo\'94l.) The fine filiform process of a
cnidoblast.
Co- (. A form of the prefix
com-, signifying with, together,
in conjunction, joint. It is used before
vowels and some consonants. See Com-.
Co`a*cer"vate (?), a. [L.
coacervatus, p. p. of coacervare to heap
up; co- + acervare. See
Acervate.] Raised into a pile; collected into
a crowd; heaped. [R.]
Bacon.
Co`a*cer"vate (?), v. t. To
heap up; to pile. [R.]
Co*ac`er*va"tion (?), n. [L.
coacervatio.] A heaping together.
[R.]
Bacon.
Coach (?; 224), n. [F.
coche, fr. It. cocchio, dim. of
cocca little boat, fr. L. concha mussel,
mussel shell, Gr. \'87ankha. Cf.
Conch, Cockboat, Cockle.]
1. A large, closed, four-wheeled carriage, having
doors in the sides, and generally a front and back seat inside,
each for two persons, and an elevated outside seat in front for
the driver.
Coaches have a variety of forms, and
differ in respect to the number of persons they can carry.
Mail coaches and tallyho coaches often have
three or more seats inside, each for two or three persons, and
seats outside, sometimes for twelve or more.
2. A special tutor who assists in preparing a
student for examination; a trainer; esp. one who trains a boat's
crew for a race. [Colloq.]
Wareham was studying for India with a Wancester
coach.
G. Eliot.
3. (Naut.) A cabin on the after part of
the quarterdeck, usually occupied by the captain.
[Written also couch.]
[Obs.]
The commanders came on board and the council sat in the
coach.
Pepys.
4. (Railroad) A first-class passenger
car, as distinguished from a drawing-room car, sleeping car, etc.
It is sometimes loosely applied to any passenger car.
Coach, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coached (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coaching.] 1. To
convey in a coach.
Pope.
2. To prepare for public examination by private
instruction; to train by special instruction.
[Colloq.]
I coached him before he got his scholarship.
G. Eliot.
Coach, v. i. To drive or to ride in a
coach; -- sometimes used with it.
[Colloq.] \'bdCoaching it to all
quarters.\'b8
E. Waterhouse.
Coach"box` (?). The seat of a
coachman.
Coach"dog` (?; 115). (Zo\'94l.)
One of a breed of dogs trained to accompany carriages; the
Dalmatian dog.
Coach"ee (?), n. A
coachman [Slang]
Coach"fel`low (?), n. One of a
pair of horses employed to draw a coach; hence
(Fig.), a comrade.
Shak.
Coach"man (?), n.; pl.
Coachmen (#). 1. A man
whose business is to drive a coach or carriage.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A tropical fish of the
Atlantic ocean (Dutes auriga); -- called also
charioteer. The name refers to a long,
lashlike spine of the dorsal fin.
Coach"man*ship (?), n. Skill in
driving a coach.
Coach"whip` snake" (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A large, slender, harmless snake of the southern United
States (Masticophis flagelliformis).
Co*act" (?), v. t. [L.
coactare, intens. fr. cogere,
coactum, to force. See Cogent.] To
force; to compel; to drive. [Obs.]
The faith and service of Christ ought to be voluntary and not
coacted.
Foxe.
Co*act", v. i. [Pref. co- +
act, v.i.] To act together; to work in
concert; to unite. [Obs.]
But if I tell you how these two did coact.
Shak.
Co*ac"tion (?), n. [L.
coactio.] Force; compulsion, either in
restraining or impelling.
Sojth.
Co*ac"tive (?), a. [In sense 1,
fr. 1st Coact; in sense 2, fr. 2d Coact.]
1. Serving to compel or constrain; compulsory;
restrictive.
Any coactive power or the civil kind.
Bp. Warburton.
2. Acting in concurrence; united in action.
With what's unreal thou coactive art.
Shak.
Co*ac"tive*ly, adv. In a coactive
manner.
Co`ac*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Unity of
action.
Co*ad`ap*ta"tion (?), n. Mutual
adaption.
R. Owen.
Co`a*dapt"ed (?), a. Adapted
one to another; as, coadapted pulp and
tooth.
R. Owen.
Co*ad"ju*ment (?), n. Mutual
help; co\'94peration. [R.]
Johnson.
Co`ad*just" (?), v. t. To
adjust by mutual adaptations.
R. Owen.
Co`ad*just"ment (?), n. Mutual
adjustment.
Co*ad"ju*tant (?), a. Mutually
assisting or operating; helping.
J. Philips.
Co*ad"ju*tant, n. An assistant.
R. North.
Co*ad"ju*ting, a. Mutually
assisting. [Obs.]
Drayton.
Co*ad"ju*tive (?), a. Rendering
mutual aid; coadjutant.
Feltham.
Co`ad*ju"tor (?), n. [L. See
Co-, and Aid.] 1. One who
aids another; an assistant; a coworker.
Craftily outwitting her perjured coadjutor.
Sheridan.
2. (R. C. Ch.) The assistant of a bishop
or of a priest holding a benefice.
Co`ad*ju"tor*ship, n. The state or
office of a coadjutor; joint assistance.
Pope.
{ Co`ad*ju"tress (?),
Co`ad*ju"trix (?), } n. A
female coadjutor or assistant.
Holland. Smollett.
Co*ad"ju*van*cy (?), n. Joint
help; co\'94peration.
Sir T. Browne.
Co*ad"ju*vant (?), a.
Co\'94perating.
Co*ad"ju*vant, n. (Med.) An
adjuvant.
Co*ad"u*nate (?; 135), a. [L.
coadunatus, p. p. of coadunare to unite.
See Adunation.] (Bot.) United at
the base, as contiguous lobes of a leaf.
Co*ad`u*na"tion (?), n. [L.
coadunatio.] Union, as in one body or mass;
unity.
Jer. Taylor.
The coadunation of all the civilized provinces.
Coleridge.
Co*ad`u*ni"tion (?), n. [Pref.
co- + pref. ad- +
unition.] Coadunation.
[R.]
Sir M. Hale.
Co`ad*ven"ture (?; 135), n. An
adventure in which two or more persons are partakers.
Co`ad*ven"ture, v. i. To share in a
venture.
Howell.
Co`ad*ven"tur*er (?), n. A
fellow adventurer.
Co`af*for"est (?), v. t. To
convert into, or add to, a forest.
Howell.
Coag (?), n. See Coak,
a kind of tenon.
Co*a"gen*cy (?), n. Agency in
common; joint agency or agent.
Coleridge.
Co*a"gent (?), n. An associate
in an act; a coworker.
Drayton.
Co`ag*ment" (?), v. t. [L.
coagmentare, fr. coagmentum a joining
together, fr. cogere. See Cogent.]
To join together. [Obs.]
Glanvill.
Co*ag`men*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
coagmentatio.] The act of joining, or the
state of being joined, together; union. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Co*ag`u*la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being coagulable; capacity of being coagulated.
Ure.
Co*ag"u*la*ble (?), a. Capable
of being coagulated.
Boyle.
Co*ag"u*lant (?), n. [L.
coagulans, p. pr.] That which produces
coagulation.
Co*ag"u*late (?), a. [L.
coagulatus, p. p. of coagulare to
coagulate, fr. coagulum means of coagulation, fr.
cogere, coactum, to drive together,
coagulate. See Cogent.] Coagulated.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Co*ag"u*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Coagulated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Coagulating
(?).] To cause (a liquid) to change
into a curdlike or semisolid state, not by evaporation but by
some kind of chemical reaction; to curdle; as, rennet
coagulates milk; heat coagulates the white of
an egg.
Co*ag"u*late, v. i. To undergo
coagulation.
Boyle.
Syn. -- To thicken; concrete; curdle; clot; congeal.
Co*ag"u*la`ted (?), a. Changed
into, or contained in, a coagulum or a curdlike mass;
curdled.
Coagulated proteid (Physiol. Chem.),
one of a class of bodies formed in the coagulation of a
albuminous substance by heat, acids, or other agents.
Co*ag`u*la"tion (?), n. [L.
coagulatio.] 1. The change from a
liquid to a thickened, curdlike, insoluble state, not by
evaporation, but by some kind of chemical reaction; as, the
spontaneous coagulation of freshly drawn blood; the
coagulation of milk by rennet, or acid, and the
coagulation of egg albumin by heat. Coagulation is
generally the change of an albuminous body into an insoluble
modification.
<-- by heat is due to denaturation of protein. -->
2. The substance or body formed by
coagulation.
Co*ag"u*la*tive (?), a. Having
the power to cause coagulation; as, a coagulative
agent.
Boyle.
Co*ag"u*la`tor (?), n. That
which causes coagulation.
Hixley.
Co*ag"u*la*to*ry (?), a.
Serving to coagulate; produced by coagulation; as,
coagulatory effects.
Boyle.
Co*ag"u*lum (?), n.; pl.
Coagula (#). [L. See
Coagulate, a.] The thick, curdy
precipitate formed by the coagulation of albuminous matter; any
mass of coagulated matter, as a clot of bloot.
\'d8Co*ai"ta (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The native name of certain South
American monkeys of the genus Ateles, esp. A.
paniscus. The black-faced coaita is Ateles ater.
See Illustration in Appendix.
Coak (?), n. See Coke,
n.
Coak, n. 1. (Carp.)
A kind of tenon connecting the face of a scarfed timber with
the face of another timber, or a dowel or pin of hard wood or
iron uniting timbers. [Also spelt
coag.]
2. A metallic bushing or strengthening piece in the
center of a wooden block sheve.
Coak, v. t. (Carp.) To unite,
as timbers, by means of tenons or dowels in the edges or
face.
Totten.
Coal (?), n. [AS.
col; akin to D. kool, OHG. chol,
cholo, G. kohle, Icel. kol, pl.,
Sw. kol, Dan. kul; cf. Skr. jval
to burn. Cf. Kiln, Collier.] 1.
A thoroughly charred, and extinguished or still ignited,
fragment from wood or other combustible substance;
charcoal.
2. (Min.) A black, or brownish black,
solid, combustible substance, dug from beds or veins in the earth
to be used for fuel, and consisting, like charcoal, mainly of
carbon, but more compact, and often affording, when heated, a
large amount of volatile matter.
coal-black;
coal formation; coal scuttle;
coal ship. etc.
coals is used, for
the broken mineral coal burned in grates, etc.; as, to put
coals on the fire. In the United States the singular
in a collective sense is the customary usage; as, a hod of
coal.
Age of coal plants. See Age of
Acrogens, under Acrogen. -- Anthracite or
Glance coal. See Anthracite. --
Bituminous coal. See under Bituminous. --
Blind coal. See under Blind. --
Brown coal, Lignite.
See Lignite. -- Caking coal, a
bituminous coal, which softens and becomes pasty or semi-viscid
when heated. On increasing the heat, the volatile products are
driven off, and a coherent, grayish black, cellular mass of coke
is left. -- Cannel coal, a very compact
bituminous coal, of fine texture and dull luster. See Cannel
coal. -- Coal bed (Geol.), a
layer or stratum of mineral coal. -- Coal
breaker, a structure including machines and machinery
adapted for crushing, cleansing, and assorting coal. --
Coal field (Geol.), a region in which
deposits of coal occur. Such regions have often a basinlike
structure, and are hence called coal basins. See
Basin. -- Coal gas, a variety of
carbureted hydrogen, procured from bituminous coal, used in
lighting streets, houses, etc., and for cooking and heating.
-- Coal heaver, a man employed in carrying coal,
and esp. in putting it in, and discharging it from, ships.
-- Coal measures. (Geol.) (a)
Strata of coal with the attendant rocks. (b)
A subdivision of the carboniferous formation, between the
millstone grit below and the Permian formation above, and
including nearly all the workable coal beds of the world. --
Coal oil, a general name for mineral oils;
petroleum. -- Coal plant (Geol.),
one of the remains or impressions of plants found in the
strata of the coal formation. -- Coal tar.
See in the Vocabulary. -- To haul over the
coals, to call to account; to scold or censure.
[Colloq.] -- Wood coal. See
Lignite.
Coal, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coaling.] 1. To burn to
charcoal; to char. [R.]
Charcoal of roots, coaled into great pieces.
Bacon.
2. To mark or delineate with charcoal.
Camden.
3. To supply with coal; as, to coal a
steamer.
Coal, v. i. To take in coal; as, the
steaer coaled at Southampton.
Coal"-black (?), a. As black as
coal; jet black; very black.
Dryden.
Coal"er*y (?), n.
[Obs.] See Colliery.
Co`a*lesce" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Coalesced
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coalescing.] [L. coalescere,
coalitium; co- + alescere to
grow up, incho. fr. alere to nourish. See
Aliment, n.] 1. To grow
together; to unite by growth into one body; as, the parts
separated by a wound coalesce.
2. To unite in one body or product; to combine
into one body or community; as, vapors
coalesce.
The Jews were incapable of coalescing with other
nations.
Campbell.
Certain combinations of ideas that, once
coalescing, could not be shaken loose.
De Quincey.
Syn. -- See Add.
Co`a*les"cence (?), n. The act
or state of growing together, as similar parts; the act of
uniting by natural affinity or attraction; the state of being
united; union; concretion.
Co`a*les"cent (?), a. [L.
coalescens, p. pr.] Growing together;
cohering, as in the organic cohesion of similar parts;
uniting.
Coal"fish` (?), n. [Named from
the dark color of the back.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The pollock; -- called also,
coalsey, colemie,
colmey, coal whiting, etc.
See Pollock. (b) The beshow or
candlefish of Alaska. (c) The cobia.
Coal"goose` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The cormorant; -- so called from its
black color.
Co"a*lite (?), v. i. [L.
coalitus, p. p. of coalescere. See
Coalesce.] To unite or coalesce.
[Obs.]
Let them continue to coalite.
Bolingbroke.
Co"a*lite, v. t. To cause to unite or
coalesce. [Obs.]
Time has by degrees blended . . . and coalited the
conquered with the conquerors.
Burke.
Co`a*li"tion (?), n. [LL.
coalitio: cf. F. coalition. See
Coalesce.] 1. The act of coalescing;
union into a body or mass, as of separate bodies or parts;
as, a coalition of atoms.
Bentley.
<-- p. 271 -->
2. A combination, for temporary purposes, of
persons, parties, or states, having different interests.
A coalition of the puritan and the blackleg.
J. Randolph.
The coalition between the religious and worldly
enemies of popery.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Alliance; confederation; confederacy; league;
combination; conjunction; conspiracy; union.
Co`a*li"tion*er (?), n. A
coalitionist.
Co`a*li"tion*ist, n. One who joins or
promotes a coalition; one who advocates coalition.
Co`-al*ly" (?), n.; pl.
Co-allies (#). A joint ally.
Kent.
Coal"-me`ter (?), n. A licensed
or official coal measurer in London. See Meter.
Simmonds.
Coal"mouse` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small species of titmouse, with a
black head; the coletit.
Coal"pit` (?), n. 1. A
pit where coal is dug.
2. A place where charcoal is made. [U.
S.]
Coal" tar` (?). A thick, black, tarry
liquid, obtained by the distillation of bituminous coal in the
manufacture of illuminating gas; used for making printer's ink,
black varnish, etc. It is a complex mixture from which many
substances have been obtained, especially hydrocarbons of the
benzene or aromatic series.
Coal"-whip`per (?), n. One who
raises coal out of the hold of a ship. [Eng.]
Dickens.
Coal" works (?). A place where coal is
dug, including the machinery for raising the coal.
Coal"y (?), a. [From
Coal, n.] Pertaining to, or
resembling, coal; containing coal; of the nature of coal.
Coam"ings (?), n. pl. [Cf.
Comb a crest.] (Naut.) Raised
pieces of wood of iron around a hatchway, skylight, or other
opening in the deck, to prevent water from running bellow; esp.
the fore-and-aft pieces of a hatchway frame as distinguished from
the transverse head ledges. [Written also
combings.]
Co`an*nex" (?), v. t. To annex
with something else.
Co`ap*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
coaptatio, fr. coaptare to fit together;
co- + aptare. See Aptate.]
The adaptation or adjustment of parts to each other, as of a
broken bone or dislocated joint.
{ Co*arct" (?), Co*arc"tate
(?) }, v. t. [See
Coarctate, a.] 1. To
press together; to crowd; to straiten; to confine closely.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
2. To restrain; to confine.
[Obs.]
Ayliffe.
Co*arc"tate (?), a. [L.
coarctatus, p. p. of coarctare to press
together; co- + arctare to press together,
from arctus, p. p. See Arctation.]
(Zo\'94l.) Pressed together; closely connected;
-- applied to insects having the abdomen separated from the
thorax only by a constriction.
Coarctate pupa (Zo\'94l.), a pupa
closely covered by the old larval skin, as in most
Diptera.
Co`arc*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
coarctatio.] 1. Confinement to a
narrow space. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. Pressure; that which presses.
[Obs.]
Ray.
3. (Med.) A stricture or narrowing, as
of a canal, cavity, or orifice.
Coarse (?), a.
[Compar. Coarser (?);
superl. Coarsest.] [As this
word was anciently written course, or
cours, it may be an abbreviation of of
course, in the common manner of proceeding, common, and
hence, homely, made for common domestic use, plain, rude, rough,
gross, e. g., \'bdThough the threads be
course.\'b8 Gascoigne. See
Course.]
1. Large in bulk, or composed of large parts or
particles; of inferior quality or appearance; not fine in
material or close in texture; gross; thick; rough; -- opposed to
fine; as, coarse sand; coarse
thread; coarse cloth; coarse bread.
2. Not refined; rough; rude; unpolished; gross;
indelicate; as, coarse manners; coarse
language.
I feel
Of what coarse metal ye are molded.
Shak.
To copy, in my coarse English, his beautiful
expressions.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Large; thick; rough; gross; blunt; uncouth;
unpolished; inelegant; indelicate; vulgar.
Coarse"-grained` (?), a. Having
a coarse grain or texture, as wood; hence, wanting in
refinement.
Coarse"ly, adv. In a coarse manner;
roughly; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly; meanly.
<-- #### q4 -->
Coars"en (?), v. t. To make
coarse or vulgar; as, to coarsen one's
character. [R.]
Graham.
Coarse"ness (?), n. The quality
or state of being coarse; roughness; melegance; vulgarity;
grossness; as, coarseness of food, texture, manners,
or language. \'bdThe coarseness of the
sackcloth.\'b8
Dr. H. More.
Pardon the coarseness of the illustration.
L'Estrange.
A coarseness and vulgarity in all the
proceedings.
Burke.
Co`ar*tic`u*la"tion (?), n.
(Anat.) The unoin or articulation of bones to
form a joint.
Co`-as*sess"or (?), n. A joint
assessor.
Coast (?), n. [OF.
coste, F. c\'93te, rib, hill, shore, coast,
L. costa rib, side. Cf. Accost, v.
t., Cutlet.] 1. The side of a
thing. [Obs.]
Sir I. Newton.
2. The exterior line, limit, or border of a
country; frontier border. [Obs.]
From the river, the river Euphrates, even to the uttermost
sea, shall your coast be.
Deut. xi. 24.
3. The seashore, or land near it.
He sees in English ships the Holland coast.
Dryden.
We the Arabian coast do know
At distance, when the species blow.
Waller.
The coast is clear, the danger is over; no
enemy in sight.
Dryden.
Fig.: There are no obstacles. \'bdSeeing that
the coast was clear, Zelmane dismissed Musidorus.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Coast guard. (a) A body of men originally
employed along the coast to prevent smuggling; now, under the
control of the admiralty, drilled as a naval reserve.
[Eng.] (b) The force employed in
lifesaving stations along the seacoast. [U. S.]
-- Coast rat (Zo\'94l.), a South
African mammal (Bathyergus suillus), about the size of
a rabbit, remarkable for its extensive burrows; -- called also
sand mole. -- Coast waiter,
a customhouse officer who superintends the landing or
shipping of goods for the coast trade. [Eng.]
Coast (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Coasted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Coasting.] [OE.
costien, costeien, costen, OF.
costier, costoier, F.
c\'93toyer, fr. Of. coste coast,
F. c\'93te. See Coast, n.]
1. To draw or keep near; to approach.
[Obs.]
Anon she hears them chant it lustily,
And all in haste she coasteth to the cry.
Shak.
2. To sail by or near the shore.
The ancients coasted only in their navigation.
Arbuthnot.
3. To sail from port to port in the same
country.
4. [Cf. OF. coste, F.
c\'93te, hill, hillside.] To slide down
hill; to slide on a sled, upon snow or ice. [Local,
U. S.]
Coast, v. t. 1. To draw near
to; to approach; to keep near, or by the side of.
[Obs.]
Hakluyt.
2. To sail by or near; to follow the coast line
of.
Nearchus, . . . not knowing the compass, was fain to
coast that shore.
Sir T. Browne.
3. To conduct along a coast or river bank.
[Obs.]
The Indians . . . coasted me along the river.
Hakluyt.
Coast"al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a cast.
Coast"er (?), n. 1. A
vessel employed in sailing along a coast, or engaged in the
coasting trade.
2. One who sails near the shore.
Coast"ing (?), a. Sailing along
or near a coast, or running between ports along a coast.
Coasting trade, trade carried on by water
between neighboring ports of the same country, as distinguished
fron foreign trade or trade involving long voyages. --
Coasting vessel, a vessel employed in coasting; a
coaster.
Coast"ing, n. 1. A sailing
along a coast, or from port to port; a carrying on a coasting
trade.
2. Sliding down hill; sliding on a sled upon snow
or ice. [Local, U. S.]
{ Coast"wise` (?), Coast"ways`
(?), } adv. By way of, or along,
the coast.
Coat (?; 110), n. [OF.
cote, F. cotte, petticoat, cotte
d'armes coat of arms, cotte de mailles coat of
mail, LL. cota, cotta, tunic, prob. of
German origin; cf. OHG. chozzo coarse mantle, G.
klotze, D. kot, hut, E. cot. Cf.
Cot a hut.] 1. An outer garment
fitting the upper part of the body; especially, such a garment
worn by men.
Let each
His adamantine coat gird well.
Milton.
2. A petticoat. [Obs.] \'bdA
child in coats.\'b8
Locke.
3. The habit or vesture of an order of men,
indicating the order or office; cloth.
Men of his coat should be minding their
prayers.
Swift.
She was sought by spirits of richest coat.
Shak.
4. An external covering like a garment, as fur,
skin, wool, husk, or bark; as, the horses coats were
sleek.
Fruit of all kinds, in coat
Rough or smooth rined, or bearded husk, or shell.
Milton.
5. A layer of any substance covering another; a
cover; a tegument; as, the coats of the eye; the
coats of an onion; a coat of tar or
varnish.
6. Same as Coat of arms. See
below.
Hark, countrymen! either renew the fight,
Or tear the lions out of England's coat.
Shak.
7. A coat card. See below.
[Obs.]
Here's a trick of discarded cards of us! We were ranked with
coats as long as old master lived.
Massinger.
Coat armor. See under Armor. --
Coat of arms (Her.), a translation of
the French cotte d'armes, a garment of light material
worn over the armor in the 15th and 16th centuries. This was
often charged with the heraldic bearings of the wearer. Hence, an
heraldic achievement; the bearings of any person, taken
together. -- Coat card, a card bearing a
coated figure; the king, queen, or knave of playing cards.
\'bd\'bfI am a coat card indeed.' \'bfThen thou must
needs be a knave, for thou art neither king nor queen.'\'b8
Rowley. -- Coat link, a pair of buttons
or studs joined by a link, to hold together the lappels of a
double-breasted coat; or a button with a loop for a
single-breasted coat. -- Coat of mail, a
defensive garment of chain mail. See Chain
mail, under Chain. -- Mast coat
(Naut.), a piece of canvas nailed around a mast,
where it passes through the deck, to prevent water from getting
below. -- Sail coat (Naut.), a
canvas cover laced over furled sails, and the like, to keep them
dry and clean.
Coat (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Coated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Coating.] 1. To
cover with a coat or outer garment.
2. To cover with a layer of any substance; as,
to coat a jar with tin foil; to coat a
ceiling.
Coat*ee" (?), n. A coat with
short flaps.
Co*a"ti (? , n. [From
the native name: cf. F. coati.]
(Zo\'94l.) A mammal of tropical America of the
genus Nasua, allied to the raccoon, but with a longer
body, tail, and nose.
N. socialis), called also
coati mondi, inhabits Mexico and Central
America. The brown coati (N. narica) is found in
Surinam and Brazil.
Coat"ing (?), n. 1. A
coat or covering; a layer of any substance, as a cover or
protection; as, the coating of a retort or
vial.
2. Cloth for coats; as, an assortment of
coatings.
Coat"less (?), a. Not wearing a
coat; also, not possessing a coat.
Coax (?; 110), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Coaxed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Coaxing.]
[Cf. OE. cokes fool, a person easily imposed
upon, W. coeg empty, foolish; F. coquin
knave, rogue.] To persuade by gentle, insinuating
courtesy, flattering, or fondling; to wheedle; to soothe.
Syn. -- To wheedle; cajole; flatter; persuade; entice.
Coax, n. A simpleton; a dupe.
[Obs.]
Beau & Fl.
Co`ax*a"tion (?), n. [Gr. The act of croaking.
[R]
Dr. H. More.
Coax"er (?), n. One who
coaxes.
Coax"ing*ly, adv. In a coaxing manner;
by coaxing.
Cob (?), n. [Cf. AS.
cop, copp, head, top, D. kop, G.
kopf, kuppe, LL. cuppa cup (cf.
E. brainpan), and also W. cob tuft, spider,
cop, copa, top, summit, cobio to
thump. Cf. Cop top, Cup, n.]
1. The top or head of anything.
[Obs.]
W. Gifford.
2. A leader or chief; a conspicuous person, esp. a
rich covetous person. [Obs.]
All cobbing country chuffs, which make their bellies and their
bags their god, are called rich cobs.
Nash.
3. The axis on which the kernels of maize or indian
corn grow. [U. S.]
4. (Zo\'94l.) A spider; perhaps from its
shape; it being round like a head.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A young herring.
B. Jonson.
6. (Zo\'94l.) A fish; -- also called
miller's thumb.
7. A short-legged and stout horse, esp. one used
for the saddle. [Eng.]
8. (Zo\'94l.) A sea mew or gull; esp.,
the black-backed gull (Larus marinus).
[Written also cobb.]
9. A lump or piece of anything, usually of a
somewhat large size, as of coal, or stone.
10. A cobnut; as, Kentish cobs.
See Cobnut. [Eng.]
11. Clay mixed with straw. [Prov.
Eng.]
The poor cottager contenteth himself with cob for
his walls, and thatch for his covering.
R. Carew.
12. A punishment consisting of blows inflicted on
the buttocks with a strap or a flat piece of wood.
Wright.
13. A Spanish coin formerly current in Ireland,
worth abiut 4s. 6d. [Obs.]
Wright.
Cob coal, coal in rounded lumps from the size
of an egg to that of a football; -- called also
cobbles. Grose. -- Cob
loaf, a crusty, uneven loaf, rounded at top.
Wright. -- Cob money, a kind of rudely
coined gold and silver money of Spanish South America in the
eighteenth century. The coins were of the weight of the piece of
eight, or one of its aliquot parts.
Cob, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cobbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cobbing.] 1. To strike
[Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
2. (Mining) To break into small pieces,
as ore, so as to sort out its better portions.
Raymond.
3. (Naut.) To punish by striking on the
buttocks with a strap, a flat piece of wood, or the like.
Co*b\'91"a (?), n. [Named after
D. Cobo, a Spanish botanist.] A genus of
climbing plants, native of Mexico and South America. C.
scandens is a consrvatory climber with large bell-shaped
flowers.
Co"balt (?; 277, 74), n. [G.
kobalt, prob. fr. kobold, kobel,
goblin, MHG. kobolt; perh. akin to G. koben
pigsty, hut, AS. cofa room, cofgodas
household gods, Icel. kofi hut. If so, the ending
-old stands for older -walt,
-wald, being the same as -ald in E.
herald and the word would mean ruler or
governor in a house, house spirit, the
metal being so called by miners, because it was poisonous and
troublesome. Cf. Kobold, Cove,
Goblin.] 1. (Chem.) A
tough, lustrous, reddish white metal of the iron group, not
easily fusible, and somewhat magnetic. Atomic weight 59.1. Symbol
Co.
2. A commercial name of a crude arsenic used as fly
poison.
Cobalt bloom. Same as Erythrite.
-- Cobalt blue, a dark blue pigment consisting of
some salt of cobalt, as the phosphate, ignited with alumina; --
called also cobalt ultramarine, and
Thenard's blue. -- Cobalt
crust, earthy arseniate of cobalt. -- Cobalt
glance. (Min.) See Cobaltite.
-- Cobalt green, a pigment consisting essentially
of the oxides of cobalt and zinc; -- called also
Rinman's green. -- Cobalt
yellow (Chem.), a yellow crystalline powder,
regarded as a double nitrite of cobalt and potassium.
Co*balt"ic (?; 74), a. [Cf. F.
cobaltique.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said especially of
those compounds in which cobalt has higher valence; as,
cobaltic oxide.
Luteo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.),
an extensive series of complex yellow compounds of ammonia
and cobaltic salts. -- Roseo-cobaltic compounds
(Chem.), an extensive series of complex red
compounds of cobalt and ammonia. Modifications of these are the
purpureo-cobaltic compounds.
Co`balt*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Cobalt + -ferous.]
(Min.) Containing cobalt.
{ Co"balt*ine (?), Co"balt*ite
(?) } n. (Min.) A
mineral of a nearly silver-white color, composed of arsenic,
sulphur, and cobalt.
Co*balt"ous (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
containing, cobalt; -- said esp. of cobalt compounds in which the
metal has its lower valence.
Cobaltous chloride, a crystalline compound,
CoCl2, of a pale rose color when hydrous, blue
when dehydrated. Its solution is used for a sympathetic ink, the
writing being nearly colorless when dried in the air, owing to
absorbed moisture, and becoming bright blue when
warmed.
Cob"bing (?), a. Haughty;
purse-proud. See Cob, n., 2.
[Obs.]
Withals (1608).
Cob"ble (?), n. A fishing boat.
See Coble.
Cob"ble, n. [From Cob a lump.
See Cob, n., 9, and cf. Copple,
Copplestone.] 1. A
cobblestone. \'bdTheir slings held cobbles
round.\'b8
Fairfax.
2. pl. Cob coal. See under
Cob.
Cob"ble (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cobbled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cobbling
(?).] [OF. cobler,
copler, to join or knit together, couple, F.
coupler, L. copulare to couple, join. Cf.
Couple, n. & v. t.]
1. To make or mend coarsely; to patch; to botch;
as, to cobble shoes. Shak.
\'bdA cobbled saddle.\'b8
Thackeray.
2. To make clumsily. \'bdCobbled
rhymes.\'b8
Dryden.
3. To pave with cobblestones.
Cob"bler (?), n. 1. A
mender of shoes.
Addison.
2. A clumsy workman.
Shak.
3. A beverage. See Sherry cobbler,
under Sherry.
Cobbler fish (Zo\'94l.), a marine
fish (Blepharis crinitus) of the Atlantic. The name
alludes to its threadlike fin rays.
Cob"ble*stone` (?), n. A large
pebble; a rounded stone not too large to be handled; a small
boulder; -- used for paving streets and for other purposes.
Cob"by (?), a. [From
Cob, n.] 1. Headstrong;
obstinate. [Obs.]
Brockett.
2. Stout; hearty; lively. [Obs.]
Co`bel*lig"er*ent (?), a.
Carryng on war in conjunction with another power.
Co`bel*lig"er*ent, n. A nation or state
that carries on war in connection with another.
Co"bi*a (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An oceanic fish of large size
(Elacate canada); the crabeater; -- called also
bonito, cubbyyew,
coalfish, and sergeant
fish.
Cob"i`ron (?), n. [From
Cob the top.] An andiron with a knob at the
top.
Bacon.
Co`bish"op (?), n. A joint or
coadjutant bishop.
Ayliffe.
Co"ble (?), n. [AS.
cuopel; cf. W. ceubal skiff,
ferryboat.] A flat-floored fishing boat with a lug
sail, and a drop rudder extending from two to four feet below the
keel. It was originally used on the stormy coast of Yorkshire,
England.
Cob"nut` (?), n. 1.
(Com.) A large roundish variety of the cultivated
hazelnut.
2. A game played by children with nuts.
Co*boose" (?), n. See
Caboose.
Co"bourg (?), n. [Named from
the town of Coburg in Germany.] A thin
worsted fabric for women's dresses.
Co"bra (?), n. See
Copra.
Co"bra, n. The cobra de capello.
\'d8Co"bra de ca*pel"lo (?). [Pg., serpent
of the hood.] (Zo\'94l.) The hooded snake
(Naia tripudians), a highly venomous serpent
inhabiting India.<-- now Naja -->
Cob"stone` (?), n.
Cobblestone. [Prov. Eng.]
Cob"swan` (?), n. A large
swan.
B. Jonson.
Cob"wall` (?), n.
[Cob clay mixed with straw +
wall.] A wall made of clay mixed with
straw.
Cob"web` (?), n.
[Cob a spider + web.]
1. The network spread by a spider to catch its
prey.
2. A snare of insidious meshes designed to catch
the ignorant and unwary.
I can not but lament thy splendid wit
Entangled in the cobwebs of the schools.
Cowper.
3. That which is thin and unsubstantial, or flimsy
and worthless; rubbish.
The dust and cobwebs of that uncivil age.
Sir P. Sidney.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The European spotted
flycatcher.
Cobweb lawn, a fine linen, mentioned in 1640
as being in pieces of fifteen yards.
Beck. Draper's Dict.
Such a proud piece of cobweb lawn.
Beau. & Fl.
Cobweb micrometer, a micrometer in which
threads of cobwed are substituted for wires.
Cob"webbed` (?), a. Abounding
in cobwebs. \'bdThe cobwebbed cottage.\'b8
Young.
Cob"web`by (?), a. Abounding in
cobwebs, or any fine web; resembling a cobweb.
Cob"work` (?), a. Built of
logs, etc., laid horizontally, with the ends dovetailed together
at the corners, as in a log house; in marine work, often
surrounding a central space filled with stones; as, a
cobwork dock or breakwater.
Co"ca (?), n. [Sp., fr. native
name.] The dried leaf of a South American shrub
(Erythroxylon Coca). In med., called
Erythroxylon.
Mexican coca, an American herb
(Richardsonia scabra), yielding a nutritious fodder.
Its roots are used as a substitute for ipecacuanha.
Coc*agne" (?), n. [F.
cocagne, pays de cocagne; of uncertian
origin, cf. Prov. F. couque cake, Catal.
coca, L. coquere to cook; as if the houses
in this country were covered with cakes. Cf. Cook,
Cockney.] 1. An imaginary country of
idleness and luxury.
2. The land of cockneys; cockneydom; -- a term
applied to London and its suburbs.
Smart.
Co"ca*ine (?), n. (Chem.)
A powerful alkaloid, C17H21NO4, obtained
from the leaves of coca. It is a bitter, white, crystalline
substance, and is remarkable for producing local insensibility to
pain.
Coc*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
coccum a berry + -ferous. See
Coccus.] Bearing or producing berries;
bacciferous; as, cocciferrous trees or
plants.
\'d8Coc`ci*nel"la (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. coccineus scarlet-colored. See
Cochoneal.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
small beetles of many species. They and their larv\'91 feed on
aphids or plant lice, and hence are of great benefit to man. Also
called ladybirds and
ladybugs.
\'d8Coc`co*bac*te"ri*um (?), n.;
pl. Coccobacteria (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. bacterium. So called from
its round shape.] (Biol.) One of the round
variety of bacteria, a vegetable organism, generally less than a
thousandth of a millimeter in diameter.
Coc"co*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F.
coccalite.] (Min.) A granular
variety of pyroxene, green or white in color.
Coc"co*lith (?), n. [Gr. -lith.] (Biol.)
One of a kind of minute, calcareous bodies, probably
vegetable, often abundant in deep-sea mud.
Coc"co*sphere (?), n. [Gr. sphere.] (Biol.)
A small, rounded, marine organism, capable of braking up
into coccoliths.
\'d8Coc*cos"te*us (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. (Paleon.)
An extinct genus of Devonian ganoid fishes, having the broad
plates about the head studded with berrylike tubercles.
\'d8Coc"cu*lus In"di*cus (?), n.
[NL. cocculus (dim. of L. coccum
kermes berry) + L. Indicus of India.]
(Bot.) The fruit or berry of the Anamirta
Cocculus, a climbing plant of the East Indies. It is a
poisonous narcotic and stimulant.
\'d8Coc"cus (?), n.; pl.
Cocci (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Cochineal.] 1.
(Bot.) One of the separable carpels of a dry
fruit.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of hemipterous
insects, including scale insects, and the cochineal insect
(Coccus cacti).
3. (Biol.) A form of bacteria, shaped
like a globule.
Coc*cyg"e*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the coccyx; as,
the coccygeal vertebr\'91.
Coccygeal glands (Zo\'94l.) ,
glands situated at the base of the tail of birds. They secrete
the oil with which the plumage is dressed.
Coc*cyg"e*ous (?), a.
Coccygeal. [R.]
\'d8Coc"cyx (?), n.; pl. L.
Coccyges (#). [L., cuckoo, Gr.
(Anat.) The end of the
vertebral column beyond the sacrum in man and tailless monkeys.
It is composed of several vertebr\'91 more or less
consolidated.
Coch"i*neal (?; 277), [Sp.
cochinilla, dim. from L. coccineus,
coccinus, scarlet, fr. coccum the kermes
berry, G. Quercus coccifera; but cf. also Sp.
cochinilla wood louse, dim. of cochina sow,
akin to F. cochon pig.] A dyestuff
consisting of the dried bodies of females of the Coccus
cacti, an insect native in Mexico, Central America, etc.,
and found on several species of cactus, esp. Opuntia
cochinellifera.
carminic acid, a purple red amorphous substance which
yields carmine red.
Coch"i*neal fig (?), (Bot.) A
plant of Central and Southern Anerica, of the Cactus familly,
extensively cultivated for the sake of the cochineal insect,
which lives on it.
Co"chin fowl` (?), (Zo\'94l.) A
large variety of the domestic fowl, originally from Cochin China
(Anam).
\'d8Coch"le*a (?), n. [L., a
snail, or snail shell, Gr. (Anat.) An appendage of
the labyrinth of the internal ear, which is elongated and coiled
into a spiral in mammals. See Ear.
Coch"le*ar (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the cochlea.
\'d8Coch`le*a"re (?), n.
[L.] 1. A spoon.
Andrews.
2. (Med) A spoonful.
Dungleson.
Coc`le*ar"i*form (?), a.
[Cochleare + -form.]
Spoon-shaped.
Coch"le*a*ry (?), a. [L.
cochlearum penfor snails (meaning formerly given,
snail shell). See Cjchlea.] Same
as Cochleate.
{ Coch"le*ate (?), Coch"le*a`ted
(?), } a. [L.
cochleatus spiral or screw-formed. See
Cochlea.] Having the form of a snail shell;
spiral; turbinated.
Cock (?), n. [AS.
coc; of unkown origin, perh. in imitation of the cry
of the cock. Cf. Chicken.] 1. The
male of birds, particulary of gallinaceous or domestic
fowls.
2. A vane in the shape of a cock; a
weathercock.
Drenched our steeples, drowned the cocks!
Shak.
3. A chief man; a leader or master.
[Humorous]
Sir Andrew is the cock of the club, since he left
us.
Addison.
4. The crow of a cock, esp. the first crow in the
morning; cockcrow. [Obs.]
He begins at curfew, and walks till the first
cock.
Shak.
5. A faucet or valve.
cock on the top; things that were contrived to turn
seem anciently to have had that form, whatever was the
reason.\'b8 Skinner says, because it used to be constructed
in forma crit\'91 galli, i.e., in the form of a cock's
comb.
6. The style of gnomon of a dial.
Chambers.
7. The indicator of a balance.
Johnson.
8. The bridge piece which affords a bearing for the
pivot of a balance in a clock or watch.
Knight.
Ball cock. See under Ball. --
Chaparral cock. See under Chaparral.
-- Cock and bull story, an
extravagant, boastful story; a canard. --
Cock of the plains (Zo\'94l.) See
Sage cock. -- Cock of the rock
(Zo\'94l.), a South American bird (Rupicola
aurantia) having a beautiful crest. -- Cock of
the walk, a chief or master; the hero of the hour; one
who has overcrowed, or got the better of, rivals or
competitors. -- Cock of the woods. See
Capercailzie.
Cock (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cocked (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Cocking.]
[Cf. Gael. coc to cock.] 1.
To set erect; to turn up.
Our Lightfoot barks, and cocks his ears.
Gay.
Dick would cock his nose in scorn.
Swift.
2. To shape, as a hat, by turning up the
brim.
3. To set on one side in a pert or jaunty
manner.
They cocked their hats in each other's faces.
Macaulay.
4. To turn (the eye) obliquely and partially close
its lid, as an expression of derision or insinuation.
Cocked hat. (a) A hat with large,
stiff flaps turned up to a peaked crown, thus making its form
triangular; -- called also three-cornered
hat<-- or tricorn -->. (b) A game similar to
ninepins, except that only three pins are used, which are set up
at the angles of a triangle.
Cock, v. i. To strut; to swagger; to
look big, pert, or menacing.
Addison.
Cock, n. The act of cocking; also, the
turn so given; as, a cock of the eyes; to give a hat
a saucy cock.
Cock, n. [It. cocca notch of
an arrow.] 1. The notch of an arrow or
crossbow.
2. The hammer in the lock of a firearm.
At cock, At full cock,
with the hammer raised and ready to fire; -- said of
firearms, also, jocularly, of one prepared for instant
action. -- At half cock. See under
Half. -- Cock feather
(Archery), the feather of an arrow at right angles
to the direction of the cock or notch.
Nares.
Cock, v. t. To draw the hammer of (a
firearm) fully back and set it for firing.
Cock, v. i. To draw back the hammer of a
firearm, and set it for firing.
Cocked, fired, and missed his man.
Byron.
Cock, n. [Cf. Icel. k\'94kkr
lump, Dan. kok heap, or E. cock to set
erect.] A small concial pile of hay.
Cock, v. t. To put into cocks or heaps,
as hay.
Under the cocked hay.
Spenser.
Cock, n. [Of. coque, F.
coche, a small vessel, L. concha muscle
shell, a vessel. See Coach, and cf.Cog A small boat.
Yond tall anchoring bark [appears]
Diminished to her cock; her cock, a buoy
Almost too small for sight.
Shak.
Cock, n. A corruption or disguise of the
word God, used in oaths. [Obs.]
\'bdBy cock and pie.\'b8
Shak.
Cock*ade" (?), n. [F.
cocarble, fr. coquard vain, OF.
coquart, fr. coq cock, prob. of imitative
origin. The ornament is so named from its resemblance to the
crest of a cock. Cf. Coquette.] A badge,
usually in the form of a rosette, or knot, and generally worn
upon the hat; -- used as an indication of military or naval
service, or party allegiance, and in England as a part of the
livery to indicate that the wearer is the servant of a military
or naval officer.
Seduced by military liveries and cockades.
Burke.
Cock*ad"ed (?), a. Wearing a
cockade.
Young.
Cock`-a-hoop" (?), a. Boastful;
defiant; exulting. Also used adverbially.
Cock"al (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] 1. A game played with sheep's
bones instead of dice [Obs.]
2. The bone used in playing the game; -- called
also huckle bone. [Obs.]
Nares.
A little transverse bone
Which boys and bruckeled children call
(Playing for points and pins) cockal.
Herrick.
Cock`a*leek"ie (?), n. [From
cock + leek.] A favorite soup in
Scotland, made from a capon highly seasoned, and boiled with
leeks and prunes.
Cock`a*ma*roo" (?), n. The
Russian variety of bagatelle.
Cock"a*teel (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An Australian parrot (Calopsitta
Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91); -- so called from its note.
Cock`a*too (?), n. [Malayan
kakat\'d4a.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird
of the Parrot family, of the subfamily Cacatuin\'91,
having a short, strong, and much curved beak, and the head
ornamented with a crest, which can be raised or depressed at
will. There are several genera and many species; as the
broad-crested (Plictolophus, ),
the sulphur-crested (P. galeritus), etc. The palm or
great black cockatoo of Australia is Microglossus
aterrimus.
Cock"a*trice (?; 277), n. [OF.
cocatrice crocodile, F. cocatrix,
cocatrice. The word is a corruption from the same
source as E. crocodile, but was confused with
cock the bird, F. coq, whence arose the
fable that the animal was produced from a cock's egg.
See Crocodile.]
<-- p. 273 -->
1. A fabulous serpent whose breath and look were
said to be fatal. See Basilisk.
That bare vowel, I, shall poison more
Than the death-darting eye of cockatrice.
Shak.
2. (Her.) A representation of this
serpent. It has the head, wings, and legs of a bird, and tail of
a serpent.
3. (Script.) A venomous serpent which
which cannot now be identified.
The weaned child shall put his hand on the
cockatrice's [Rev. Ver.
basilisk's] den.
Is. xi. 8.
4. Any venomous or deadly thing.
This little cockatrice of a king.
Bacon.
Cock"bill (?), v. t. [See
Cock to set erect.] (Naut.) To
tilt up one end of so as to make almost vertical; as, to
cockbill the yards as a sign of mourning.
To cockbill the anchor, to suspend it from the
cathead preparatory to letting it go. See
Acockbill.
Cock"boat` (?), n. [See
Cock a boat.] A small boat, esp. one used on
rivers or near the shore.
Cock"-brained` (?), a. Giddy;
rash.
Milton.
Cock"chaf`er (?), n. [See
Chafer the beetle.] (Zo\'94l.) A
beetle of the genus Melolontha (esp. M.
vulgaris) and allied genera; -- called also May
bug, chafer, or
dorbeetle.
{ Cock"crow (?), Cock"crow`ing,
} n. The time at which cooks first crow;
the early morning.
Cock"er (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cockered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cockering.] [OE. cokeren;
cf. W. cocru to indulge, fondle, E. cock
the bird, F. coqueliner to dandle (Cotgrave), to
imitate the crow of a cock, to run after the girls, and E.
cockle, v.] Th treat with too great
tenderness; to fondle; to indulge; to pamper.
Cocker thy child and he shall make thee afraid.
Ecclesiasticus xxx. 9.
Poor folks cannot afford to cocker themselves
up.
J. Ingelow.
Cock"er, n. [From Cock the
bird.] 1. One given to cockfighting.
[Obs.]
Steele.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A small dog of the spaniel
kind, used for starting up woodcocks, etc.
Cock"er, n. [OE. coker
qyiver, boot, AS. cocer quiver; akin to G.
k\'94cher quiver, and perh. originally meaning
receptacle, holder. Cf. Quiver
(for arrows).] A rustic high shoe or half-boots.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
Cock"er*el (?), n. [Prob. a
double dim. of cock.] A young cock.
Cock"et (?), a. [F.
coquet coquettish. See Coquette,
n.] Pert; saucy. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Cock"et, n. 1. (Eng. Law)
A customhouse seal; a certified document given to a shopper
as a warrant that his goods have been duly enstered and have paid
duty.
2. An office in a customhouse where goods intended
for export are entered. [Eng.]
3. A measure for bread. [Obs.]
Blount.
Cock"eye` (?), n. [From
cock to turn up.] A squinting eye.
Forby.
Cock"eye`, n. (Mach.) The
socket in the ball of a millstone, which sits on the
cockhead.
Cock"fight` (?), n. A match or
contest of gamecocks.
Cock"fight`ing, n. The act or practice
of pitting gamecocks to fight.
Cock"fight`ing, a. Addicted to
cockfighting.
Cock"head` (?), n.
(Mach.) The rounded or pointed top of a grinding
mill spindle, forming a pivot on which the stone is
balanced.
Cock"horse` (?), n. 1.
A child's rocking-horse.
Ride a cockhorse to Banbury cross.
Mother Goose.
2. A high or tall horse. [R.]
Cock"horse`, a. 1. Lifted up,
as one is on a tall horse.
2. Lofty in feeling; exultant; pround;
upstart.
Our painted fools and cockhorse peasantry.
Marlowe.
Cock`ie*leek"ie (?), n. Same as
Cockaleekie.
Cock"ing, n. Cockfighting.
Ben Jonson.
Coc"kle (?), n. [OE.
cockes cockles, AS. s sea cockles,
prob, from Celtic; cf. W. cocs cockles, Gael.
cochull husk. Perh. influenced by EF.
coquille shell, a dim. from the root of E.
conch. Cf. Coach.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A bivalve mollusk, with radiating
ribs, of the genus Cardium, especially C.
edule, used in Europe for food; -- sometimes applied to
similar shells of other genera.
2. A cockleshell.
3. The mineral black tourmaline or schorl; -- so
called by the Cornish miners.
Raymond.
4. The fire chamber of a furnace.
[Eng.]
Knight.
5. A hop-drying kiln; an oast.
Knight.
6. The dome of a heating furnace.
Knight.
Cockle hat, a hat ornamented with a
cockleshell, the badge of a pilgrim. Shak. --
Cockle stairs, winding or spiral stairs.
Coc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cockled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cockling (?).] [Of
uncertian origin.] To cause to contract into wrinkles
or ridges, as some kinds of cloth after a wetting.
Cockling sea, waves dashing against each other
with a short and quick motion.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Coc"kle, n. [AS. coccel,
cocel; cf. Gael. cogall tares, husks,
cockle.] (Bot.) (a) A plant or
weed that grows among grain; the corn rose (Luchnis
Githage). (b) The Lotium, or
darnel.
Coc"kle*bur` (?), n.
(Bot.) A coarse, composite weed, having a rough
or prickly fruit; one of several species of the genus
Xanthium; -- called also
clotbur.
Coc"kled (?), a. Inclosed in a
shell.
The tender horns of cockled snails.
Shak.
Coc"kled, a. Wrinkled; puckered.
Showers soon drench the camlet's cockled grain.
Gay.
Coc"kler (?), n. One who takes
and sells cockles.
Coc"kle*shell` (?), n. 1.
One of the shells or valves of a cockle.
2. A light boat.
To board the cockleshell in those plunding
waters.
W. Black.
Cock"loft` (?; 115) n. [Prop.,
a loft where cocks roost.] An upper loft; a
garret; the highest room in a building.
Dryden. Swift.
Cock"mas`ter (?), n. One who
breeds gamecocks.
L'Estrange.
Cock"match` (?), n. A
cockfight.
Cock"ney (?), n.; pl.
Cockneys (#). [OE.
cocknay, cokenay, a spoiled child,
effeminate person, an egg; prob. orig. a cock's egg, a small
imperfect egg; OE. cok cock + nay,
neye, for ey egg (cf. Newt), AS.
\'91g. See 1st Cock, Egg,
n.] 1. An effeminate person; a
spoilt child. \'bdA young heir or cockney, that
is his mother's darling.\'b8
Nash (1592).
This great lubber, the world, will prove a
cockney.
Shak.
2. A native or resident of the city of London; --
used contemptuosly.
A cockney in a rural village was stared at as much
as if he had entered a kraal of Hottentots.
Macaulay.
Cock"ney, a. Of or relating to, or like,
cockneys.
Cock"ney*dom (?), n. The region
or home of cockneys; cockneys, collectively.
Thackeray.
Cock"ney*fi (?), v. t.
[Cockney + -fy.] To form
with the manners or character of a cockney.
[Colloq.]
Cock"ney*ish, a. Characteristic of, or
resembling, cockneys.
Cock"ney*ism (?), n. The
charasteristics, manners, or dialect, of a cockney.
Cock"-pad`le (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Lumpfish. [Scot.]
Cock"pit` (?), n. 1. A
pit, or inclosed area, for cockfights.
Henry the Eight had built . . . a cockpit.
Macaulay.
2. The Privy Council room at Westminster; -- so
called because built on the site of the cockpit of Whitehall
palace.
Brande & C.
3. (Naut.) (a) That part of a
war vessel appropriated to the wounded during an
engagement. (b) In yachts and other small
vessels, a space lower than the rest of the deck, which affords
easy access to the cabin.
Cock"roach (?), n. [Sp.
cucaracha.] (Zo\'94l.) An
orthopterus insect of the genus Blatta, and allied
genera.
Blatta orientalis, a large species
often called black beetle, and the Croton bug
(Ectobia Germanica).
Cocks"comb (?), n. [1st
cock, n. + comb crest.] 1.
See Coxcomb.
2. (Bot.) A plant (Celosia
cristata), of many varieties, cultivated for its broad,
fantastic spikes of brilliant flowers; -- sometimes called
garden cockscomb. Also the Pedicularis, or
lousewort, the Rhinanthus Crista-galli, and the
Onobrychis Crista-galli.
Cocks"head` (?), n. (Bot.) A
leguminous herb (Onobrychis Caput-galli), having small
spiny-crested pods.
Cock"shut` (?), n. A kind of
net to catch woodcock. [Obs.]
Nares.
Cockshut time light,
evening twilight; nightfall; -- so called in allusion to the
tome at which the cockshut used to be spread.
[Obs.]
Shak. B. Jonson.
Cock"shy` (?), n. 1. A
game in which trinkets are set upon sticks, to be thrown at by
the players; -- so called from an ancient popular sport which
consisted in \'bdshying\'b8 or throwing cudgels at live
cocks.
2. An object at which stones are flung.
\'bdMaking a cockshy of him,\'b8 replied the
hideous small boy.
Dickens.
Cock"spur (?), n. (Bot.)
A variety of Crat\'91gus, or hawthorn (C.
Crus-galli), having long, straight thorns; -- called also
Cockspur thorn.
Cock"sure` (?), a. 1.
Perfectly safe. [Obs.]
We steal as in a castle, cocksure: . . . we walk
invisible.
Shak.
2. Quite certain. [Colloq.]
I throught myself cocksure of the horse which he
readily promised me.
Pope.
Cock"swain (?, colloq. ?),
n. [Cock a boat + swain;
hence, the master of a boat.] The steersman of a boat;
a petty officer who has charge of a boat and its crew.
Cock"tail` (?), n. 1.
A beverage made of brandy, whisky, or gin, iced, flavored,
and sweetened. [U. S.]
2. (Stock Breeding) A horse, not of pure
breed, but having only one eighth or one sixteenth impure blood
in his veins.
Darwin.
3. A mean, half-hearted fellow; a coward.
[Slang, Eng.]
It was in the second affair that poor little Barney showed he
was a cocktail.
Thackeray.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A species of rove beetle;
-- so called from its habit of elevating the tail.
Cock"up (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large, highly esteemed, edible fish
of India (Lates calcarifer); -- also called
begti.
Cock"weed (?), n. (Bot.)
Peppergrass.
Johnson.
Cock"y (?), a. [See
Cocket.] Pert. [Slang]
{ Co"co (?), n. Co"co
palm (?).} See Cocoa.
{ Co"coa (?), n., Co"coa
palm` (?) } [Sp. & Pg. coco
cocoanut, in Sp. also, cocoa palm. The Portuguese name is said
to have been given from the monkeylike face at the base of the
nut, fr. Pg. coco a bugbear, an ugly mask to frighten
children. Cf., however, Gr. (Bot.)
A palm tree producing the cocoanut (Cocos
nucifera). It grows in nearly all tropical countries,
attaining a height of sixty or eighty feet. The trunk is without
branches, and has a tuft of leaves at the top, each being fifteen
or twenty feet in length, and at the base of these the nuts hang
in clusters; the cocoanut tree.
Co"coa, n. [Corrupted fr.
cacao.] A preparation made from the seeds
of the chocolate tree, and used in making, a beverage; also the
beverage made from cocoa or cocoa shells.
Cocoa shells, the husks which separate from
the cacao seeds in preparing them for use.
Co"coa*nut` (?), n. The large,
hard-shelled nut of the cocoa palm. It yields an agreeable milky
liquid and a white meat or albumen much used as food and in
making oil.
{ \'d8Co`co*bo"lo (?),
Co`co*bo"las (?) }, n.
[Sp. cocobolo.] (Bot.) A
very beautiful and hard wood, obtained in the West India Islands.
It is used in cabinetmaking, for the handles of tools, and for
various fancy articles.
Co*coon" (?), n. [F.
cocon, dim. of coque shell of egge and
insects, fr. L. concha mussel shell. See
Conch.] 1. An oblong case in which
the silkworn lies in its chrysalis state. It is formed of threads
of silk spun by the worm just before leaving the larval state.
From these the silk of commerce is prepared.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The case
constructed by any insect to contain its larva or pupa.
(b) The case of silk made by spiders to protect
their eggs. (c) The egg cases of mucus, etc.,
made by leeches and other worms.
Co*coon"er*y (?), n. A building
or apartment for silkworms, when feeding and forming
cocoons.
Coc"ti*ble (?), a. [See
Coctile.] Capable of being cooked.
Blount.
Coc"tile (?), a. [L.
coctilis, fr. coguere. See
Cook.] Made by baking, or exposing to heat,
as a brick.
Coc"tion (?), n. [L.
coctio.] 1. Act of boiling.
2. (Med.) (a) Digestion.
[Obs.] (b) The change which the
humorists believed morbific matter undergoes before
elimination. [Obs.]
Dunglison.
Co"cus wood` (?). A West Indian wood, used
for making flutes and other musical instruments.
Cod (?), n. [AS.
codd small bag; akin to Icel. koddi pillow,
Sw. kudde cushion; cf. W. cod,
ciod, bag, shell.]
1. A husk; a pod; as, a
peascod. [Eng.]
Mortimer.
2. A small bag or pouch. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
3. The scortum.
Dunglison.
4. A pillow or cushion. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Cod, n. [Cf. G. gadde, and
(in Heligoland) gadden, L. gadus
merlangus.] (Zo\'94l.) An important edible
fish (Gadus morrhua), Taken in immense numbers on the
northern coasts of Europe and America. It is especially abundant
and large on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland. It is salted and
dried in large quantities.
shore
cod, from shallow water; bank cod, from
the distant banks; and rock cod, which is found
among ledges, and is often dark brown or mottled with red. The
tomcod is a distinct species of small size. The
bastard, blue,
buffalo, or cultus cod of the
Pacific coast belongs to a distinct family. See Buffalo
cod, under Buffalo.
Cod fishery, the business of fishing for
cod. -- Cod line, an eighteen-thread line
used in catching codfish.
McElrath.
\'d8Co"da (?), n. [It., tail,
fr. L. cauda.] (Mus.) A few
measures added beyond the natural termination of a
composition.
Cod"der (?), n. A gatherer of
cods or peas. [Obs. or Prov.]
Johnson.
Cod"ding (?), a. Lustful.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Cod"dle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Coddled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Coddling
(?).] [Cf. Prov. E.
caddle to coax, spoil, fondle, and Cade,
a. & v. t.] [Written also
codle.] 1. To parboil, or soften
by boiling.
It [the guava fruit] may be coddled.
Dampier.
2. To treat with excessive tenderness; to
pamper.
How many of our English princes have been coddled
at home by their fond papas and mammas!
Thackeray.
He [Lord Byron] never coddled his reputation.
Southey.
Cod"dy*mod"dy (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A gull in the plumage of its first
year.
Code (?), n. [F., fr. L.
codex, caudex, the stock or
1. A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in
which the rules of law to be specifically applied by the courts
are set forth in systematic form; a compilation of laws by public
authority; a digest.
The
Code\'b8
Wharton.
2. Any system of rules or regulations relating to
one subject; as, the medical code, a system of rules
for the regulation of the professional conduct of physicians; the
naval code, a system of rules for making communications
at sea means of signals.
Code civil Code
Napoleon, a code enacted in France in 1803 and
1804, embodying the law of rights of persons and of property
generally.
Abbot.
Co`de*fend"ant (?), n. A joint
defendant.
Blackstone.
Co*de"ine (?), n. [Gr. cod.]
(Chem.) One of the opium alkaloids; a white
crystalline substance, C18H21NO3, similar to and
regarded as a derivative of morphine, but much feebler in its
action; -- called also codeia.
\'d8Co*det"ta (?), n. [It.,
dim. of coda tail.] (Mus.) A short
passage connecting two sections, but not forming part of either;
a short coda.
\'d8Co"dex (?), n.; pl.
Codices (#). [L. See
Code.] 1. A book; a
manuscript.
2. A collection or digest of laws; a code.
Burrill.
3. An ancient manuscript of the Sacred Scriptures,
or any part of them, particularly the New Testament.
4. A collection of canons.
Shipley.
Cod"fish (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of fish. Same as
Cod.
Codg"er (?), n. [Cf.
Cadger.] 1. A miser or mean
person.
2. A singular or odd person; -- a familiar,
humorous, or depreciatory appellation.
[Colloq.]
A few of us old codgers met at the fireside.
Emerson.
Cod"i*cal (?), a. Ralating to a
codex, or a code.
Cod"i*cil (?), n. [L.
codicillus, dim. of codex: cf. F.
codicille. See Code.] (Law)
A clause added to a will.
Cod`i*cil"la*ry (?), a. [L.
codicillaris, codicillarius.] Of
the nature of a codicil.
Co`di*fi*ca"tion (? , n.
[Cf. F. codification.] The act or
process of codifying or reducing laws to a code.
Co"di*fi`er (? , n. One
who codifies.
Co"di*fy (? , v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Codified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Codifying.] [Code +
-fy: cf. F. codifier.] To reduce
to a code, as laws.
Co*dil"la (?), n. [Cf. L.
codicula a little tail, dim. of cauda
tail.] (Com.) The coarse tow of flax and
hemp.
McElrath.
Co*dille" (?), n. [F.
codile.] A term at omber, signifying that
the game is won.
Pope.
Co"dist (?), n. A codifier; a
maker of codes. [R.]
Co"dle (?), v. t. See
Coddle.
{ Cod"lin (?), Cod"ling
(?) }, n. [Cf. AS.
cod\'91ppel a quince.] (a) An
apple fit to stew or coddle. (b) An immature
apple.
A codling when 't is almost an apple.
Shak.
Codling moth (Zo\'94l.), a small
moth (Carpocapsa Pomonella), which in the larval state
(known as the apple worm) lives in apples, often doing
great damage to the crop.
Cod"ling, n. [Dim. of cod the
fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A young cod; also, a
hake.
Cod" liv`er (?), n. The liver
of the common cod and allied species.
Cod-liver oil, an oil obtained fron the liver
of the codfish, and used extensively in medicine as a means of
supplying the body with fat in cases of malnutrition.
Cod"piece` (?), n.
[Cod, n., piece.] A
part of male dress in front of the breeches, formerly made very
conspicuous.
Shak. Fosbroke.
C\'d2*cil"i*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See C\'91cilian.
Co*ed`u*ca"tion (?; 135), n. An
educating together, as of persons of different sexes or
races.<-- usu. of different sexes. -->
Co*ed`u*ca"tion*al (,
a.
Co*ef"fi*ca*cy (?), n. Joint
efficacy.
Co`ef*fi"cien*cy (?), n. Joint
efficiency; co\'94peration.
Glanvill.
Co`ef*fi"cient (?), a.
Co\'94perating; acting together to produce an effect.
Co`ef*fi"cient*ly,
adv.
Co`ef*fi"cient, n. 1. That
which unites in action with something else to produce the same
effect.
2. [Cf. F. coefficient.]
(Math.) A number or letter put before a letter or
quantity, known or unknown, to show how many times the latter is
to be taken; as, 6x; bx; here 6 and
b are coefficients of x.
3. (Physics) A number, commonly used in
computation as a factor, expressing the amount of some change or
effect under certain fixed conditions as to temperature, length,
volume, etc.; as, the coefficient of expansion; the
coefficient of friction.
Arbitrary coefficient (Math.), a
literal coefficient placed arbitrarily in an algebraic,
expression, the value of the coefficient being afterwards
determined by the conditions of the problem.
Coe"horn (?), n. [From its
inventor, Baron Coehorn.] (Mil.)
A small bronze mortar mounted on a wooden block with
handles, and light enough to be carried short distances by two
men.
C\'d2l"a*canth (? or , a.
[Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
Having hollow spines, as some ganoid fishes.
{ \'d8C\'d2*len"te*ra (?) \'d8C\'d2*len`te*ra"ta, } n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive group of Invertebrata,
mostly marine, comprising the Anthozoa,
Hydrozoa, and Ctenophora. The name implies
that the stomach and body cavities are one. The group is
sometimes enlarged so as to include the sponges.
C\'d2*len"ter*ate (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the C\'d2lentra. --
n. One of the C\'d2lentera.
\'d8C\'d2"li*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr.
(Anat.) A cavity.
epic\'d2lia, mesoc\'d2lia,
metac\'d2lia, proc\'d2lia, etc.
B. G. Wilder.
{ C\'d2"li*ac, Ce"li*ac (?),
} a. [L. coeliacus, Gr. Relating to the abdomen,
or to the cavity of the abdomen.
C\'d2liac artery (Anat.), the
artery which issues from the aorta just below the diaphragm; --
called also c\'d2liac axis. --
C\'d2liac flux, C\'d2liac
passion (Med.), a chronic flux or
diarrhea of undigested food.
C\'d2"lo*dont (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
Having hollow teeth; -- said of a group lizards. --
n. One of a group of lizards having hollow
teeth.
C\'d2l`o*sper"mous (? , a.
[Gr. (Bot.)
Hollow-seeded; having the ventral face of the seedlike
carpels incurved at the ends, as in coriander seed.
\'d8C\'d2"lum (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Anat.)
See Body cavity, under Body.
Co*emp"tion (?; 215), n. [L.
co\'89mptio, fr. co\'89mere to buy up. See
Emption.] The act of buying the whole
quantity of any commodity. [R.]
Bacon.
\'d8Co*en"doo (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The Brazilian porcupine
(Cercolades, ), remarkable
for its prehensile tail.
{ C\'d2*nen"chym (?),
\'d8C\'d2*nen"chy*ma (?) } n.
[NL. coenenchyma, fr. Gr. parenchyma.]
(Zo\'94l.) The common tissue which unites the
polyps or zooids of a compound anthozoan or coral. It may be soft
or more or less ossified. See Coral.
\'d8C\'d2n`es*the"sis (? , n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Physiol.) Common sensation or general
sensibility, as distinguished from the special sensations which
are located in, or ascribed to, separate organs, as the eye and
ear. It is supposed to depend on the ganglionic system.
C\'d2n"o*bite (? , n.
See Cenobite.
\'d8C\'d2*n\'d2"ci*um (? , n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The common tissue which unites the
various zooids of a bryozoan.
C\'d2*nog"a*my (?), n. [Gr.
The state of a
community which permits promiscuous sexual intercourse among its
members; -- as in certain primitive tribes or communistic
societies. [Written also
cenogamy.]
C\'d2n"o*sarc (? , n.
[Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The common soft tissue which unites
the polyps of a compound hydroid. See Hydroidea.
\'d8C\'d2*nu"rus (?), n. [NL.
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The
larval stage of a tapeworm (T\'91nia c\'d2nurus) which
forms bladderlike sacs in the brain of sheep, causing the fatal
disease known as water brain, vertigo,
staggers or gid.
Co*e"qual (?), a. [L.
coaequalis; co- + aequalis
equal.] Being on an equality in rank or power.
-- n. One who is on an equality with
another.
In once he come to be a cardinal,
He'll make his cap coequal with the crown.
Shak.
Co`e*qual"i*ty (?), n. The
state of being on an equality, as in rank or power.
Co*e"qual*ly (?), adv. With
coequality.
Co*erce" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Coerced
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coercing.] [L. co\'89rcere;
co- + arcere to shut up, to press together.
See Ark.] 1. To restrain by force,
especially by law or authority; to repress; to curb.
Burke.
Punishments are manifold, that they may coerce this
profligate sort.
Ayliffe.
2. To compel or constrain to any action; as, to
coerce a man to vote for a certain candidate.
3. To compel or enforce; as, to coerce
obedience.
Syn. -- To Coerce, Compel.
To compel denotes to urge on by force which cannot be
resisted. The term aplies equally to physical and moral force;
as, compelled by hunger; compelled adverse
circumstances; compelled by parental affection.
Coerce had at first only the negative sense of
checking or restraining by force; as, to coerce a bad
man by punishments or a prisoner with fetters. It has now gained
a positive sense., viz., that of driving a person into the
performance of some act which is required of him by another; as,
to coerce a man to sign a contract; to
coerce obedience. In this sense (which is now the
prevailing one), coerce differs but little from
compel, and yet there is a distinction between them.
Coercion is usually acomplished by indirect means, as
threats and intimidation, physical force being more rarely
employed in coercing.
Co"er"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of
being coerced.
-- Co*er"ci*ble*ness,
n.
Co*er"cion (?), n. [L.
coercio, fr. coercere. See
Coerce.] 1. The act or process of
coercing.
2. (Law) The application to another of
either physical or moral force. When the force is physical, and
cannot be resisted, then the act produced by it is a nullity, so
far as concerns the party coerced. When the force is moral, then
the act, though voidable, is imputable to the party doing it,
unless he be so paralyzed by terror as to act convulsively. At
the same time coercion is not negatived by the fact of submission
under force. \'bdCoactus volui\'b8 (I consented under compulsion)
is the condition of mind which, when there is volition forced by
coercion, annuls the result of such coercion.
Wharton.
Co*er"ci*tive (?), a.
Coercive. \'bdCoercitive power in laws.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Co*er"cive (?), a. Serving or
intended to coerce; having power to constrain.
-- Co*er"cive*ly, adv. --
Co*er"cive*ness, n.
Coercive power can only influence us to outward
practice.
Bp. Warburton.
Coercive Coercitive
force (Magnetism), the power or force
which in iron or steel produces a slowness or difficulty in
imparting magnetism to it, and also interposes an obstacle to the
return of a bar to its natural state when active magnetism has
ceased. It plainly depends on the molecular constitution of the
metal.
Nichol.
The power of resisting magnetization or demagnization is
sometimes called coercive force.
S. Thompson.
C\'d2`ru*lig"none (?), n. [L.
coeruleus cerulean + lignum wood + E.
quinone.] (Chem.) A bluish
violet, crystalline substance obtained in the purification of
crude wood vinegar. It is regarded as a complex quinone
derivative of diphenyl; -- called also
cedriret.
Co`es*sen"tial (?), a.
Partaking of the same essence. --
Co`es*sen"tial*ly,
adv.
We bless and magnify that coessential Spirit,
eternally proceeding from both [The Father and the Son].
Hooker.
Co`es*sen`ti*al"i*ty (? ,
n. Participation of the same essence.
Johnson.
Co`es*tab"lish*ment (?), n.
Joint establishment.
Bp. Watson.
Co`es*tate" (?), n. Joint
estate.
Smolett.
Co`e*ta"ne*an (?), n. A
personcoetaneous with another; a contemporary.
[R.]
A . . . coetanean of the late earl of
Southampto
Aubrey.
Co`e*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L.
coaetaneus; co- + aetas
age.] Of the same age; beginning to exist at the same
time; contemporaneous.
-- Co`e*ta"ne*ous*ly,
adv.
And all [members of the body] are coetaneous.
Bentley.
Co`e*ter"nal (?), a. Equally
eternal. -- Co`e*ter"nal*ly,
adv.
Hail, holy Light, offspring of Heaven first born!
Or of the Eternal coeternal beam.
Milton.
Co`e*ter"ni*ty (?), n.
Existence from eternity equally with another eternal being;
equal eternity.
Co*e"val (?), a. [L.
coaevus; co- + aevum lifetime,
age. See Age, n.] Of the same age;
existing during the same period of time, especially time long and
remote; -- usually followed by with.
Silence! coeval with eternity!
Pope.
Oaks coeval spread a mournful shade.
Cowper.
Co*e"val, n. One of the same age; a
contemporary.
As if it were not enough to have outdone all your
coevals in wit.
Pope.
Co*e"vous (?), a. Coeaval
[Obs.]
South.
Co`ex*ec"u*tor (?), n. A joint
executor.
Co`ex*ec"u*trix (?), n. A joint
executrix.
Co`ex*ist (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Coexisted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Coexisting.] To
exist at the same time; -- sometimes followed by
with.
Of substances no one has any clear idea, farther than of
certain simple ideas coexisting together.
Locke.
So much purity and integrity . . . coexisting with
so much decay and so many infirmities.
Warburton.
Co`ex*ist"ence (?), n.
Existence at the same time with another; -- contemporary
existence.
Without the help, or so much as the coexistence, of
any condition.
Jer. Taylor.
Co`ex*ist"ent (?), a. Existing
at the same time with another. -- n.
That which coexists with another.
The law of coexistent vibrations.
Whewell.
Co`ex*ist"ing, a. Coexistent.
Locke.
Co`ex*tend, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coextended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Coextending.] To extend through the
same space or time with another; to extend to the same
degree.
According to which the least body may be coextended
with the greatest.
Boyle.
Has your English language one single word that is
coextended through all these significations?
Bentley.
Co`ex*ten"sion (?), n. The act
of extending equally, or the state of being equally
extended.
Co`ex*ten"sive (?), a. Equally
extensive; having as, consciousness and knowledge
are coextensive.
Sir W. Hamilton. -
- Co`ex*ten"sive*ly, adv. --
Co`ex*ten"sive*ness, n.
Cof"fee (?; 115), n. [Turk.
qahveh, Ar. qahuah wine, coffee, a
decoction of berries. Cf. Caf\'82.] 1.
The \'bdbeans\'b8 or \'bdberries\'b8 (pyrenes) obtained from
the drupes of a small evergreen tree of the genus
Coffea, growing in Abyssinia, Arabia, Persia, and
other warm regions of Asia and Africa, and also in tropical
America.
2. The coffee tree.
Coffea Arabica, C. occidentalis, and
C. Liberica. The white, fragrant flowers grow in
clusters at the root of the leaves, and the fruit is a red or
purple cherrylike drupe, with sweet pulp, usually containing two
pyrenes, commercially called \'bdbeans\'b8 or
\'bdberries\'b8.
3. The beverage made from the roasted and ground
berry.
They have in Turkey a drink called coffee . . .
This drink comforteth the brain and heart, and helpeth
digestion.
Bacon.
coffee is said to have been
introduced into England about 1650, when coffeehouses were opened
in Oxford and London.
Coffee bug (Zo\'94l.), a species of
scale insect (Lecanium coff\'91a), often very
injurious to the coffee tree. -- Coffee rat
(Zo\'94l.) See Musang.
Cof"fee*house` (?), n. A house
of entertainment, where guests are supplied with coffee and other
refreshments, and where men meet for conversation.
The coffeehouse must not be dismissed with a
cursory mention. It might indeed, at that time, have been not
improperly called a most important political institution . . .
The coffeehouses were the chief organs through which
the public opinion of the metropolis vented itself . . . Every
man of the upper or middle class went daily to his
coffeehouse to learn the news and discuss it. Every
coffeehouse had one or more orators, to whose
eloquence the crowd listened with admiration, and who soon became
what the journalists of our own time have been called -- a fourth
estate of the realm.
Macaulay.
Cof"fee*man (?), n. One who
keeps a coffeehouse.
Addison.
Cof"fee*pot (?), n. A covered
pot im which coffee is prepared,
Cof"fee*room` (?), n. A public
room where coffee and other refreshments may be obtained.
Cof"fer (?; 115), n. [OF.
cofre, F. coffre, L. cophinus
basket, fr. Gr. Coffin, n.]
1. A casket, chest, or trunk; especially, one used
for keeping money or other valuables.
Chaucer.
In ivory coffers I have stuffed my crowns.
Shak.
2. Fig.: Treasure or funds; -- usually in the
plural.
He would discharge it without any burden to the queen's
coffers, for honor sake.
Bacon.
Hold, here is half my coffer.
Shak.
3. (Arch.) A panel deeply recessed in
the ceiling of a vault, dome, or portico; a caisson.
4. (Fort.) A trench dug in the botton of
a dry moat, and extending across it, to enable the besieged to
defend it by a raking fire.
5. The chamber of a canal lock; also, a caisson or
a cofferdam.
Coffer dam. (Engin.) See
Cofferdam, in the Vocabulary. -- Coffer
fish. (Zo\'94l.) See
Cowfish.
Cof"fer, v. t. 1. To put into a
coffer.
Bacon.
2. (Mining.) To secure from leaking, as
a chaft, by ramming clay behind the masonry or timbering.
Raymond.
3. To form with or in a coffer or coffers; to
turnish with a coffer or coffers.
Cof"fer*dam (?), n. A
water-tight inclosure, as of piles packed with clay, from which
the water is pumped to expose the bottom (of a river, etc.) and
permit the laying of foundations, building of piers, etc.
Cof"fer*er (?), n. One who
keeps treasures in a coffer. [R.]
Cof"fer*work` (?), n.
(Masonry) Rubblework faced with stone.
Knight.
Cof"fin (?; 115), n. [OE., a
basket, receptacle, OF. cofin, fr. L.
cophinus. See Coffer, n.]
1. The case in which a dead human body is inclosed
for burial.
They embalmed him [Joseph], and he was put in a
coffin.
Gen. 1. 26.
2. A basket. [Obs.]
Wyclif (matt. xiv. 20).
3. A casing or crust, or a mold, of pastry, as for
a pie.
Of the paste a coffin I will rear.
Shak.
4. A conical paper bag, used by grocers.
[Obs.]
Nares.
5. (Far.) The hollow crust or hoof of a
horse's foot, below the coronet, in which is the coffin
bone.
Coffin bone, the foot bone of the horse and
allied animals, inclosed within the hoof, and corresponding to
the third phalanx of the middle finger, or toe, of most
mammals. -- Coffin joint, the joint next
above the coffin bone.
Cof"fin, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coffined (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coffining.] To inclose in, or
as in, a coffin.
Would'st thou have laughed, had I come coffined
home?
Shak.
Devotion is not coffined in a cell.
John Hall (1646).
Cof"fin*less, a. Having no coffin.
Cof"fle (?; 115), n. [Ar.
kafala caravan.] A gang of negro slaves
being driven to market.
Cog (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Cogged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cogging.] [Cf. W.
coegio to make void, to beceive, from coeg
empty, vain, foolish. Cf. Coax, v. t.]
1. To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice,
or falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat.
[R.]
I'll . . . cog their hearts from them.
Shak.
2. To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or
deception; as, to cog in a word; to palm
off. [R.]
Fustian tragedies . . . have, by concerted applauses, been
cogged upon the town for masterpieces.
J. Dennis
To cog a die, to load so as to direct its fall; to cheat in
playing dice.
Swift.
Cog (?), v. i. To deceive; to
cheat; to play false; to lie; to wheedle; to cajole.
For guineas in other men's breeches,
Your gamesters will palm and will cog.
Swift.
Cog, n. A trick or deception; a
falsehood.
Wm. Watson.
Cog, n. [Cf. Sw. kugge a cog,
or W. cocos the cogs of a wheel.] 1.
(Mech.) A tooth, cam, or catch for imparting or
receiving motion, as on a gear wheel, or a lifter or wiper on a
shaft; originally, a separate piece of wood set in a mortise in
the face of a wheel.
2. (Carp.) (a) A kind of tenon
on the end of a joist, received into a notch in a bearing timber,
and resting flush with its upper surface. (b)
A tenon in a scarf joint; a coak.
Knight.
3. (Mining.) One of the rough pillars of
stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine.
Cog, v. t. To furnish with a cog or
cogs.
Cogged breath sound (Auscultation),
a form of interrupted respiration, in which the interruptions
are very even, three or four to each inspiration.
Quain.
Cog, n. [OE. cogge; cf. D.
kog, Icel. kuggr Cf. Cock a
boat.] A small fishing boat.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Co"gen*cy (?), n. [See
Cogent.] The quality of being cogent; power
of compelling conviction; conclusiveness; force.
An antecedent argument of extreme cogency.
J. H. Newman.
Co*ge"ni*al (?), a.
Congenial. [Obs.]
Co"gent (?), a. [L.
cogens, p. pr. of cogere to drive together,
to force; co- + agere to drive. See Agent,
a., and cf. Coact to force,
Coagulate, p. a.]
1. Compelling, in a physical sense; powerful.
[Obs.]
The cogent force of nature.
Prior.
2. Having the power to compel conviction or move
the will; constraining; conclusive; forcible; powerful; not
easily reasisted.
No better nor more cogent reason.
Dr. H. More.
Proofs of the most cogent description.
Tyndall.
The tongue whose strains were cogent as commands,
Revered at home, and felt in foreign lands.
Cowper.
Syn. -- Forcible; powerful; potent; urgent; strong;
persuasive; convincing; conclusive; influential.
Co"gent*ly, adv. In a cogent manner;
forcibly; convincigly; conclusively.
Locke.
Cog"ger (?), n. [From
Cog to wheedle.] A flatterer or deceiver; a
sharper.
Cog"ger*y, n. Trick; deception.
Bp. Watson.
Cog"gle (?), n. [See
Cog small boat.] A small fishing boat.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Cog"gle, n. [Cf. Cobble a
cobblestone.] A cobblestone. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Cog`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being cogitable; conceivableness.
Cog"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L.
cogitabilis, fr. cogitare to think.]
Capable of being brought before the mind as a throught or
idea; conceivable; thinkable.
Creation is cogitable by us only as a putting forth
of divine power.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Cog"i*ta*bund` (?), a. [L.
cogitabundus.] Full of thought;
thoughtful. [R.]
Leigh Hunt.
Cog"i*tate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cogitated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cogitating.] [L. cogitatus,
p. p. of cogitare to reflect upon, prob. fr.
co- + the root of aio I say; hence, prop.,
to discuss with one's self. Cf. Adage.] To
engage in continuous thought; to think.
He that calleth a thing into his mind, whether by impression
or recordation, cogitateth and considereth, and he
that employeth the faculty of his fancy also
cogitateth.
Bacon.
Cog"i*tate, v. t. To think over; to
plan.
He . . . is our witness, how we both day and night, revolving
in our minds, did cogitate nothing more than how to
satisfy the parts of a good pastor.
Foxe.
Cog`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
cogitatio: cf. F. cogitation.]
The act of thinking; thought; meditation;
contemplation. \'bdFixed in cogitation deep.\'b8
Milton.
Cog"i*ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. LL.
cogitativus.] 1. Possessing, or
pertaining to, the power of thinking or meditating.
\'bdCogitative faculties.\'b8
Wollaston.
2. Given to thought or contemplation.
Sir H. Wotton.
Cog"man (?), n. A dealer in
cogware or coarse cloth. [Obs.]
Wright.
Co"gnac` (?), n. [F.]
A kind of French brandy, so called from the town of
Cognac.
Cog"nate (?), a. [L.
cognatus; co- + gnatus,
natus, p. p. of nasci, anciently
gnasci, to be born. See Nation, and cf.
Connate.] 1. Allied by blood;
kindred by birth; specifically (Law), related on the
mother's side.
2. Of the same or a similar nature; of the same
family; proceeding from the same stock or root; allied; kindred;
as, a cognate language.
Cog"nate, n. 1. (Law)
One who is related to another on the female side.
Wharton.
2. One of a number of things allied in origin or
nature; as, certain letters are cognates.
Cog"nate*ness, n. The state of being
cognate.
\'d8Cog*na"ti (?), n. pl.
[L.] (Law) Relatives by the mother's
side.
Wharton.
Cog*na"tion (?), n. [L.
cognatio.] 1. Relationship by
blood; descent from the same original; kindred.
As by our cognation to the body of the first
Adam.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Participation of the same nature.
Sir T. Browne.
A like temper and cognation.
Sir K. Digby.
3. (Law) That tie of consanguinity which
exists between persons descended from the same mother; -- used in
distinction from agnation.
\'d8Cog*na"tus (?), n. [L., a
kinsman.] (Law) A person cinnected through
cognation.
{ Cog`ni*sor" (? ,
Cog`ni*see (?), } n. See
Cognizor, Cognizee.
Cog*ni"tion (?), n. [L.
cognitio, fr. cognoscere,
cognitum, to become acquainted with, to know;
co- + noscere, gnoscere, to get
a knowledge of. See Know, v. t.]
1. The act of knowing; knowledge; perception.
I will not be myself nor have cognation
Of what I feel: I am all patience.
Shak.
2. That which is known.
Cog"ni*tive (?), a. Knowing, or
apprehending by the understanding; as, cognitive
power.
South.
Cog"ni*za*ble (? , a.
[F. connaissable, fr. conna\'8ctre to
know, L. cognoscere. See Cognition.] 1.
Capable of being known or apprehended; as,
cognizable causes.
2. Fitted to be a subject of judicial
investigation; capable of being judicially heard and
determined.
Cognizable both in the ecclesiastical and secular
courts.
Ayliffe.
Cog"ni*za*bly, adv. In a cognizable
manner.
Cog"ni*zance (? , n.
[OF. conissance, conoissance, F.
conaissance, LL. cognoscentia, fr. L.
cognoscere to know. See Cognition, and cf.
Cognoscence, Connoisseur.] 1.
Apprehension by the understanding; perception;
observation.
Within the cognizance and lying under the control
of their divine Governor.
Bp. Hurd
2. Recollection; recognition.
Who, soon as on that knight his eye did glance,
Eftsoones of him had perfect cognizance.
Spenser.
3. (Law) (a) Jurisdiction, or
the power given by law to hear and decide controversies.
(b) The hearing a matter judicially.
(c) An acknowledgment of a fine of lands and
tenements or confession of a thing done.
[Eng.] (d) A form of defense in the
action of replevin, by which the defendant insists that the goods
were lawfully taken, as a distress, by defendant, acting as
servant for another. [Eng.]
Cowell. Mozley & W.
4. The distinguishing mark worn by an armed knight,
usually upon the helmet, and by his retainers and followers:
Hence, in general, a badge worn by a retainer or dependent, to
indicate the person or party to which he belonged; a token by
which a thing may be known.
Wearing the liveries and cognizance of their
master.
Prescott.
This pale and angry rose,
As cognizance of my blood-drinking hate.
Shak.
Cog"ni*zant (? , a. [See
Cognizance, and cf. Connusant.]
Having cognizance or knowledge. (of).
Cog"nize (?), v. t. [Cf.
Cognizant, Recognize.] To know or
perceive; to recognize.
The reasoning faculty can deal with no facts until they are
cognized by it.
H. Spencer.
Cog`ni*zee" (? , n.
(Law) One to whom a fine of land was
ackowledged.
Blackstone.
Cog`ni*zor (?), n. [See
Cognizance.] (Law) One who
ackowledged the right of the plaintiff or cognizee in a fine; the
defendant.
Blackstone.
Cog*no"men (?), n. [L.:
co- + (g)nomen name.]
1. The last of the three names of a person among
the ancient Romans, denoting his house or family.
2. (Eng. Law) A surname.
Cog*nom"i*nal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a cognomen; of the nature of a surname.
Cog*nom"i*nal, n. One bearing the same
name; a namesake. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cog*nom`i*na"tion (?), n. [L.
cognominatio.] A cognomen or surname.
[R.]
Jer. Taylor.
Cog*nos"cence (?), n. [LL.
cognoscentia. See Cognizance.]
Cognizance. [R.]
Dr. H. More.
\'d8Cog`nos*cen"te (?), n.; pl.
Cognoscenti (#). [OIt.
cognoscente, p. pr. of cognoscere, It.
conoscere to know.] A conoisseur.
Mason.
Cog*nos`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being cognoscible.
Cudworth.
Cog*nos"ci*ble (?), a. 1.
Capable of being known. \'bdMatters intelligible and
cognoscible.\'b8
Sir M. Hale.
2. Liable to judicial investigation.
Jer. Taylor.
Cog*nos"ci*tive (?), a. Having
the power of knowing. [Obs.] \'bdAn innate
cognoscitive power.\'b8
Cudworth.
\'d8Cog*no"vit (?), n. [L., he
has acknowledged.] (Law) An instrument in
writting whereby a defendant in an action acknowledges a
plaintiff's demand to be just.
Mozley & W.
Co*guard"i*an (?), n. A joint
guardian.
Cogue (?), n. [Cf. Cog
a small boat.] A small wooden vessel; a pail.
[Scot.]
Jamieson.
Cog"ware` (?), n. A coarse,
narrow cloth, like frieze, used by the lower classes in the
sixteenth century.
Halliwell.
Cog"wheel` (?), n. A wheel with
cogs or teeth; a gear wheel. See Illust. of
Gearing.
Co*hab"it (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cohabited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Cohabiting.] [L.
cohabitare; co- + habitare to
dwell, to have possession of (a place), freg. of
habere to have. See Habit, n. &
v.] 1. To inhabit or reside in
company, or in the same place or country.
The Philistines were worsted by the captived ark . . . : they
were not able to cohabit with that holy thing.
South.
2. To dwell or live together as husband and
wife.
The law presumes that husband and wife cohabit
together, even after a voluntary separation has taken place
between them.
Bouvier.
cohabit
permanently together, being reputed by those who know them to be
husband and wife, and admitting the relationship.
Wharton.
Co*hab"it*ant (?), n. [L.
cohabitans, p. pr.] One who dwells with
another, or in the same place or country.
No small number of the Danes became peaceable
cohabitants with the Saxons in England.
Sir W. Raleigh.
<-- p. 276 -->
Co*hab"i*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
cohabitatio.] 1. The act or state
of dwelling together, or in the same place with another.
Feltham.
2. (Law) The living together of a man
and woman in supposed sexual relationship.
That the duty of cohabitation is released by the
cruelty of one of the parties is admitted.
Lord Stowell.
Co*hab"it*er (?), n. A
cohabitant.
Hobbes.
Co*heir (?), n. A joint heir;
one of two or more heirs; one of several entitled to an
inheritance.
Co*heir"ess (?), n. A female
heir who inherits with other heiresses; a joint heiress.
Co*heir"ship, n. The state of being a
coheir.
Co*her"ald (?), n. A joint
herald.
Co*here" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cohered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cohering
(?).] [L. cohaerere,
cohaesum; co- + haerere to
stick, adhere. See Aghast, a.]
1. To stick together; to cleave; to be united; to
hold fast, as parts of the same mass.
Neither knows he . . . how the solid parts of the body are
united or cohere together.
Locke.
2. To be united or connected together in
subordination to one purpose; to follow naturally and logically,
as the parts of a discourse, or as arguments in a train of
reasoning; to be logically consistent.
They have been inserted where they best seemed to
cohere.
Burke.
3. To suit; to agree; to fit.
[Obs.]
Had time cohered with place, or place with
wishing.
Shak.
Syn. -- To cleave; unite; adhere; stick; suit; agree; fit;
be consistent.
{ Co*her"ence (?), Co*her"en*cy
(?) }, n. [L.
cohaerentia: cf. F. coh\'82rence.]
1. A sticking or cleaving together; union of parts
of the same body; cohesion.
2. Connection or dependence, proceeding from the
subordination of the parts of a thing to one principle or
purpose, as in the parts of a discourse, or of a system of
philosophy; consecutiveness.
Coherence of discourse, and a direct tendency of
all the parts of it to the argument in hand, are most eminently
to be found in him.
Locke.
Co*her"ent (?), a. [L.
cohaerens, p. pr. See Cohere.]
1. Sticking together; cleaving; as the parts of
bodies; solid or fluid.
Arbuthnot.
2. Composed of mutually dependent parts; making a
logical whole; consistent; as, a coherent plan,
argument, or discourse.
3. Logically consistent; -- applied to persons;
as, a coherent thinker.
Watts.
4. Suitable or suited; adapted; accordant.
[Obs.]
Instruct my daughter how she shall persever,
That time and place, with this deceit so lawful,
May prove coherent.
Shak.
Co*her"ent*ly, adv. In a coherent
manner.
Co*he`si*bil"i*ty (? , n.
The state of being cohesible.
Good.
Co*he"si*ble (?), a. Capable of
cohesion.
Co*he"sion (?), n. [Cf. F.
coh\'82sion. See Cohere.] 1.
The act or state of sticking together; close union.
2. (Physics) That from of attraction by
which the particles of a body are united throughout the mass,
whether like or unlike; -- distinguished from
adhesion, which unites bodies by their adjacent
surfaces.
Solids and fluids differ in the degree of cohesion,
which, being increased, turns a fluid into a solid.
Arbuthnot.
3. Logical agreement and dependence; as, the
cohesion of ideas.
Locke.
Co*he"sive (?), a. 1.
Holding the particles of a homogeneous body together;
as, cohesive attraction; producing cohesion;
as, a cohesive force.
2. Cohering, or sticking together, as in a mass;
capable of cohering; tending to cohere; as, cohesive
clay.
Cohesive attraction. See under
Attraction.
-- Co*he"sive*ly, adv. --
Co*he"sive*ness, n.
Co*hib"it (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cohibited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Cohibiting.] [L.
cohibitus, p. p. of cohibere to confine;
co- + habere to hold.] To
restrain. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Co`hi*bi"tion (?), n. [L.
cohibitio.] Hindrance; restraint.
[Obs.]
Co`ho*bate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cohobated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Cohobating.] [LL.
cohobare; prob. of Arabic origin: cf. F.
cohober.] (Anc. Chem.) To repeat
the distillation of, pouring the liquor back upon the matter
remaining in the vessel.
Arbuthnot.
Co`ho*ba"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
cohobation.] (Anc. Chem.) The
process of cohobating.
Grew.
Co"horn (?), n. (Mil.)
See Coehorn.
Co"hort (?), n. [L.
cohors, prop. an inclosure: cf. F. cohorte.
See Court, n.] 1. (Rom.
Antiq.) A body of about five or six hundred soldiers;
the tenth part of a legion.
2. Any band or body of warriors.
With him the cohort bright
Of watchful cherubim.
Milton.
3. (Bot.) A natural group of orders of
plants, less comprehensive than a class.
Co"hosh (?), n. (Bot.)
A perennial American herb (Caulophyllum
thalictroides), whose roostock is used in medicine; -- also
called pappoose root. The name is sometimes
also given to the Cimicifuga racemosa, and to two
species of Act\'91a, plants of the Crowfoot
family.
Coif (koif), n. [OF.
coife, F. coiffe, LL. cofea,
cuphia, fr. OHG. kuppa, kuppha,
miter, perh. fr. L. cupa tub. See Cup,
n. ; but cf. also Cop, Cuff the
article of dress, Quoif, n.] A
cap. Specifically: (a) A close-fitting cap covering the
sides of the head, like a small hood without a cape. (b)
An official headdress, such as that worn by certain judges in
England. [Writting also quoif.]
From point and saucy ermine down
To the plain coif and russet gown.
H. Brocke.
The judges, . . . althout they are not of the first magnitude,
nor need be of the degree of the coif, yet are they
considerable.
Bacon.
Coif (koif), v. t. [Cf. F.
coiffer.] To cover or dress with, or as
with, a coif.
And coif me, where I'm bald, with flowers.
J. G. Cooper.
Coifed (koift), a. Wearing a
coif.
Coif"fure (?), n. [F., fr.
coiffer. See Coif.] A headdress,
or manner of dressing the hair.
Addison.
Coigne (koin), n. [See
Coin, n.] A quoin.
See you yound coigne of the Capitol? yon corner
stone?
Shak.
{ Coigne, Coign"y (?), }
n. The practice of quartering one's self as
landlord on a tenant; a quartering of one's self on
anybody. [Ireland]
Spenser.
Coil (koil), v.t.
[imp. & p. p. Coiled (koild);
p. pr. & vb. n. Coiling.]
[OF. coillir, F. cueillir, to collect,
gather together, L. coligere; col- +
legere to gather. See Legend, and cf.
Cull, v. t., Collect.]
1. To wind cylindrically or spirally; as, to
coil a rope when not in use; the snake coiled
itself before springing.
2. To encircle and hold with, or as with,
coils. [Obs. or R.]
T. Edwards.
Coil, v. i. To wind itself cylindrically
or spirally; to form a coil; to wind; -- often with
about or around.
You can see his flery serpents . . .
Coiting, playing in the water.
Longfellow.
Coil, n. 1. A ring, series of
rings, or spiral, into which a rope, or other like thing, is
wound.
The wild grapevines that twisted their coils from
trec to tree.
W. Irving.
2. Fig.: Entanglement; toil; mesh;
perplexity.
3. A series of connected pipes in rows or layers,
as in a steam heating apparatus.
Induction coil. (Elec.) See under
Induction. -- Ruhmkorff's coil
(Elec.), an induction coil, sometimes so called
from Ruhmkorff (, a prominent manufacturer
of the apparatus.
Coil, n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. Gael.
goil fume, rage.] A noise, tumult, bustle,
or confusion. [Obs.]
Shak.
Coi"lon (?), n. [F. See
Cullion.] A testicle.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Coin (koin), n. [F.
coin, formerly also coing, wedge, stamp,
corner, fr. L. cuneus wedge; prob. akin to E.
cone, hone. See Hone,
n., and cf. Coigne, Quoin,
Cuneiform.] 1. A quoin; a corner or
external angle; a wegde. See Coigne, and
Quoin.
2. A piece of metal on which certain characters are
stamped by government authority, making it legally current as
money; -- much used in a collective sense.
It is alleged that it [a subsidy] exceeded all the current
coin of the realm.
Hallam.
3. That which serves for payment or
recompense.
The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood is repaid in
a nobler coin.
Hammond.
Coin balance. See Illust. of
Balance. -- To pay one in his own coin,
to return to one the same kind of injury or ill treatment as
has been received from him. [Colloq.]
Coin, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coined (koind); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coining.] 1. To make
of a definite fineness, and convert into coins, as a mass of
metal; to mint; to manufacture; as, to coin silver
dollars; to coin a medal.
2. To make or fabricate; to invent; to originate;
as, to coin a word.
Some tale, some new pretense, he daily coined,
To soothe his sister and delude her mind.
Dryden.
3. To acquire rapidly, as money; to make.
Tenants cannot coin rent just at quarter day.
Locke.
Coin, v. i. To manufacture counterfeit
money.
They cannot touch me for coining.
Shak.
Coin"age (?), n. [From
Coin, v. t., cf. Cuinage.]
1. The act or process of converting metal into
money.
The care of the coinage was committed to the
inferior magistrates.
Arbuthnot.
2. Coins; the aggregate coin of a time or
place.
3. The cost or expense of coining money.
4. The act or process of fabricating or inventing;
formation; fabrication; that which is fabricated or forged.
\'bdUnnecessary coinage . . . of words.\'b8
Dryden.
This is the very coinage of your brain.
Shak.
Co`in*cide" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Coincided
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coinciding.] [L. co- +
incidere to fall on; in + cadere to fall:
cf. F. co\'8bncider. See Chance,
n.] 1. To occupy the same place in
space, as two equal triangles, when placed one on the
other.
If the equator and the ecliptic had coincided, it
would have rendered the annual revoluton of the earth
useless.
Cheyne.
2. To occur at the same time; to be
contemporaneous; as, the fall of Granada coincided
with the discovery of America.
3. To correspond exactly; to agree; to concur;
as, our aims coincide.
The rules of right jugdment and of good ratiocination often
coincide with each other.
Watts.
Co*in"ci*dence (?), n. [Cf. F.
co\'8bncidence.] 1. The condition
of occupying the same place in space; as, the
coincidence of circles, surfaces, etc.
Bentley.
2. The condition or fact of happening at the same
time; as, the coincidence of the deaths of John
Adams and Thomas Jefferson.
3. Exact correspondence in nature, character,
result, circumstances, etc.; concurrence; agreement.
The very concurrence and coincidence of ao many
evidences . . . carries a great weight.
Sir M. Hale.
Those who discourse . . . of the nature of truth . . . affirm
a perfect coincidence between truth and goodness.
South.
Co*in"ci*ben*cy (?), n.
Coincidence. [R.]
Co*in"ci*dent (?), a. [Cf. F.
co\'8bncident.] Having coincidence;
occupying the same place; contemporaneous; concurrent; --
followed by with.
Christianity teaches nothing but what is perfectly suitable
to, and coincident with, the ruling principles of a
virtuous and well-inclined man.
South.
Co*in"ci*dent (?), n. One of
two or more coincident events; a coincidence.
[R.] \'bdCoincidents and accidents.\'b8
Froude.
Co*in`ci*den"tal (?), a.
Coincident.
Co*in"ci*dent*ly (?), adv. With
coincidence.
Co`in*cid"er (?), n. One who
coincides with another in an opinion.
Co*in`di*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. co\'8bdication.] One of several signs or
sumptoms indicating the same fact; as, a
coindication of disease.
Coin"er (?), n. 1. One
who makes or stamps coin; a maker of money; -- usually, a maker
of counterfeit money.
Precautions such as are employed by coiners and
receivers of stolen goods.
Macaulay.
2. An inventor or maker, as of words.
Camden.
Co`in*hab"it*ant (?), n. One
who dwells with another, or with others.
\'bdCoinhabitants of the same element.\'b8
Dr. H. More.
Co`in*here" (?), v. i. To
inhere or exist together, as in one substance.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Co`in*her"it*ance (?), n. Joint
inheritance.
Co`in*her"it*or (?), n. A
coheir.
Co`in*i"tial (?), a.
(Math.) Having a common beginning.
Co*in"qui*nate (?), v. t. [L.
coinquinatus, p. p. of coinquinare to
defile. See Inquinate.] Topollute.
[Obs.]
Skelton.
Co*in`qui*na"tion (?), n.
Defilement. [Obs.]
Co*in"stan*ta"ne*ous (?), a.
Happening at the same instant.
C. Darwin.
Co`intense" (?), a. Equal in
intensity or degree; as, the relations between 6 and 12, and
8 and 16, are cointense.
H. Spencer.
Co`in*ten"sion (?), n. The
condition of being of equal in intensity; -- applied to
relations; as, 3 : 6 and 6 : 12 are relations of
cointension.
Cointension . . . is chosen indicate the equality
of relations in respect of the contrast between their terms.
H. Spencer.
Coir (koir), n. [Tamil
kayiru.] 1. A material for
cordage, matting, etc., consisting of the prepared fiber of the
outer husk of the cocoanut.
Homans.
2. Cordage or cables, made of this material.
Cois"tril (?), n. [Prob. from
OF. coustillier groom or lad. Cf.
Custrel.] 1. An inferior groom or
lad employed by an esquire to carry the knight's arms and other
necessaries. [Written also
coistrel.]
2. A mean, paltry fellow; a coward.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Coit (koit), n. [See
Quoit.] A quoit. [Obs.]
Carew.
Coit, v. t. To throw, as a stone.
[Obs.] See Quoit.
Co*i"tion (?), n. [L.
coitio, fr. coire to come together;
co- + ire to go.] A coming
together; sexual intercourse; copulation.
Grew.
Co*join" (?), v. t. To join; to
conjoin. [R.]
Shak.
Co*ju"ror (?), n. One who
swears to another's credibility.
W. Wotton.
Coke (?), n. [Perh. akin to
cake, n.] Mineral coal charred, or depriver
of its bitumen, sulphur, or other volatile matter by roasting in
a kiln or oven, or by distillation, as in gas works. It is
lagerly used where
[Written also coak.]
Gas coke, the coke formed in gas retorts, as
distinguished from that made in ovens.
Coke, v. t. To convert into coke.
Coke"nay (?), n. A
cockney. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Co"ker*nut` (?), n.
(Com.) The cocoanut.
Cokes (?), n. [OE. Cf.
Coax.] A simpleton; a gull; a dupe.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Coke"wold (?), n.
Cuckold. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Col- (with,
together. See Com-.
\'d8Col (?), n. [F., neck, fr.
L. collum neck.] A short ridge connecting
two higher elevations or mountains; the pass over such a
ridge.
Co*la"bor*er (?), n. One who
labors with another; an associate in labor.
Col"an*der (?), n. [L.
colans, -antis, p. pr. of colare
to filter, to strain, fr. colum a strainer. Cf.
Cullis, Culvert.] A utensil with a
bottom perforated with little holes for straining liquids, mashed
vegetable pulp, etc.; a strainer of wickerwork, perfprated metal,
or the like.
Co*la"tion (?), n. [See
Colander.] The act or process of straining or
filtering. [R.]
Co*lat"i*tude (?; 134), n.
[Formed like cosine. See Cosine.]
The complement of the latitude, or the difference between
any latitude and ninety degrees.
Col"a*ture (?; 135), n. [L.
colatura, from colare: cf. F.
colature. See Colander.] The
process of straining; the matter strained; a strainer.
[R.]
Col"ber*tine (?), n. [From Jean
Baptiste Colbert, a minister of Louis XIV., who
encouraged the lace manufacture in France.] A kind of
lace. [Obs.]
Pinners edged with colbertine.
Swift.
Difference rose between
Mechlin, the queen of lace, and colbertine.
Young.
Col"chi*cine (? , n.
[Cf. F. colchicine.] (Chem.)
A powerful vegetable alkaloid, C17H19NO5,
extracted from the Colchicum autumnale, or meadow
saffron, as a white or yellowish amorphous powder, with a harsh,
bitter taste; -- called also colchicia.
Col"chi*cum (?), n. [L., a
plant with a poisonous root, fr. Colchicus Colchian,
fr. Colchis, Gr. (Bot.) A genus of
bulbous-rooted plants found in many parts of Europe, including
the meadow saffron.
Colchicum
autumnale (meadow saffron) are used as remedies for gout
and rheumatism.
Col"co*thar (?), n. [NL.
colcothar vitrioli, fr. Ar.
qolqotar.] (Chem.) Polishing
rouge; a reddish brown oxide of iron, used in polishing glass,
and also as a pigment; -- called also crocus
Martis.
Cold (?), a.
[Compar. Colder (?);
superl. Coldest.] [OE.
cold, cald, AS. cald,
ceald; akin to OS. kald, D.
koud, G. kalt, Icel. kaldr, Dan.
kold, Sw. kall, Goth. kalds, L.
gelu frost, gelare to freeze. Orig. p. p.
of AS. calan to be cold, Icel. kala to
freeze. Cf. Cool, a., Chill,
n.] 1. Deprived of heat, or having
a low temperature; not warm or hot; gelid; frigid. \'bdThe
snowy top of cold Olympis.\'b8
Milton.
2. Lacking the sensation of warmth; suffering from
the absence of heat; chilly; shivering; as, to be
cold.
3. Not pungent or acrid. \'bdCold
plants.\'b8
Bacon
4. Wanting in ardor, intensity, warmth, zeal, or
passion; spiritless; unconcerned; reserved.
A cold and unconcerned spectator.
T. Burnet.
No cold relation is a zealous citizen.
Burke.
5. Unwelcome; disagreeable; unsatisfactory.
\'bdCold news for me.\'b8 \'bdCold
comfort.\'b8
Shak.
6. Wanting in power to excite; dull;
uninteresting.
What a deal of cold business doth a man misspend
the better part of life in!
B. Jonson.
The jest grows cold . . . when in comes on in a
second scene.
Addison.
7. Affecting the sense of smell (as of hunting
dogs) but feebly; having lost its odor; as, a cold
scent.
8. Not sensitive; not acute.
Smell this business with a sense as cold
As is a dead man's nose.
Shak.
9. Distant; -- said, in the game of hunting for
some object, of a seeker remote from the thing concealed.
10. (Paint.) Having a bluish effect. Cf.
Warm, 8.
Cold abscess. See under Abscess.
-- Cold blast See under Blast,
n., 2. Cold blood. See
under Blood, n., 8. -- Cold
chill, an ague fit. Wright. -- Cold
chisel, a chisel of peculiar strength and hardness, for
cutting cold metal. Weale. -- Cold
cream. See under Cream. -- Cold
slaw. See Cole slaw. -- In cold
blood, without excitement or passion; deliberately.
He was slain in cold blood after thefight was
over.
Sir W. Scott.
To give one the cold shoulder, to treat one with
neglect.
Syn. -- Gelid; bleak; frigid; chill; indifferent;
unconcerned; passionless; reserved; unfeeling; stoical.
Cold, n. 1. The relative
absence of heat or warmth.
2. The sensation produced by the escape of heat;
chilliness or chillness.
When she saw her lord prepared to part,
A deadly cold ran shivering to her heart.
Dryden.
3. (Med.) A morbid state of the animal
system produced by exposure to cold or dampness; a catarrh.
Cold sore (Med.), a vesicular
eruption appearing about the mouth as the result of a cold, or in
the course of any disease attended with fever.<-- causative virus
Herpes simplex --> -- To leave one out in the
cold, to overlook or neglect him.
[Colloq.]
Cold, v. i. To become cold.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cold"-blood`ed (?), a. 1.
Having cold blood; -- said of fish or animals whose blood is
but little warmer than the water or air about them.
2. Deficient in sensibility or feeling;
hard-hearted.
3. Not thoroughbred; -- said of animals, as horses,
which are derived from the common stock of a country.
Cold"finch` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A British wagtail.
Cold"-heart`ed (?), a. Wanting
passion or feeling; indifferent.
-- Cold"-heart`ed*ness,
n.
Cold"ish (?), a. Somewhat cold;
cool; chilly.
Cold"ly, adv. In a cold manner; without
warmth, animation, or feeling; with indifference; calmly.
Withdraw unto some private place,
And reason coldly of your grievances.
Shak.
Cold"ness, n. The state or quality of
being cold.
Cold"-short` (?), a. Brittle
when cold; as, cold-short iron.
Cold"-shut` (?), a.
(Metal.) Closed while too cold to become
thoroughly welded; -- said of a forging or casting. --
n. An imperfection caused by such
insufficient welding.
Cole (?), n. [OE.
col, caul, AS. cawl,
cawel, fr. L. caulis, the stalk or stem of
a plant, esp. a cabbage stalk, cabbage, akin to Gr. Cauliflower, Kale.] (Bot.)
A plant of the Brassica or Cabbage genus; esp.
that form of B. oleracea called rape and
coleseed.
Co-leg`a*tee" (?), n. A joint
legatee.
Cole"goose` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Coalgoose.
Cole"man*ite (?), n. [From W.T.
Coleman of San Francisco.] (Min.)
A hydrous borate of lime occurring in transparent colorless
or white crystals, also massive, in Southern California.
Cole"mouse` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Coletit.
Co`le*op"ter (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Coleoptera.
\'d8Co`le*op"te*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of insects
having the anterior pair of wings (elytra) hard and horny, and
serving as coverings for the posterior pair, which are
membranous, and folded transversely under the others when not in
use. The mouth parts form two pairs of jaws (mandibles and
maxill\'91) adapted for chewing. Most of the Coleoptera are known
as beetles and weevils.
{ Co`le*op"ter*al (?),
Co`le*op"ter*ous (?) } a.
[Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having wings
covered with a case or sheath; belonging to the Coleoptera.
Co`le*op"ter*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the order of Coleoptera.
Co`le*op"ter*ist, n. One versed in the
study of the Coleoptera.
\'d8Co`le*o*rhi"za (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. A sheath in
the embryo of grasses, inclosing the caulicle.
Gray.
Cole"perch` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of small black perch.
Col"e*ra (?), n. [L.
cholera. See Choler.] Bile;
choler. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cole*ridg"i*an (?), a.
Pertaining to Samuel Taylor Coleridge, or to his
poetry or metaphysics.
Cole"seed` (?), n. The common
rape or cole.
Cole"slaw` (?), n. [D.
kool slaa cabbage salad.] A salad made of
sliced cabbage.
Co`-les*see" (?), n. A partner
in a lease taen.
Co`-les*sor" (?), n. A partner
in giving a lease.
Cole"staff` (?), n. See
Colstaff.
{ Col"et (?), Col"let
}[Corrupted fr. acolyte.] An
inferior church servant. [Obs.] See
Acolyte.
{ Cole"tit` or Coal"tit (?),
} n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European
titmouse (Parus ater), so named from its black color;
-- called also coalmouse and
colemouse.
\'d8Co"le*us (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Bot.) A plant of several
species of the Mint family, cultivated for its bright-colored or
variegated leaves.
Cole"wort` (?), n. [AS.
cawlwyrt; cawl cole + wyrt wort.
Cf. Collards.] 1. A variety of
cabbage in which the leaves never form a compact head.
2. Any white cabbage before the head has become
firm.
Col"fox` (?), n. A crafty
fox. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Col"ic (?), n. [F. colique, fr.
L. colicus sick with the colic, GR. Colon.] (Med.) A severe
paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, due to spasm, obstruction, or
distention of some one of the hollow viscera.
Hepatic colic, the severe pain produced by the
passage of a gallstone from the liver or gall bladder through the
bile duct. -- Intestinal colic, Ordinary colic, pain due to distention of
the intestines by gas. -- Lead colic,
Painter's colic, a violent form of
intestinal colic, associated with obstinate constipation,
produced by chronic lead poisoning. -- Renal
colic, the severe pain produced by the passage of a
calculus from the kidney through the ureter. -- Wind
colic. See Intestinal colic,
above.
Col"ic, a. 1. Of or pertaining
to colic; affecting the bowels.
Milton.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
colon; as, the colic arteries.
Col"ic*al (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or of the nature of, colic.
Swift.
Col"ick*y (?), a. Pertaining
to, or troubled with, colic; as, a colicky
disorder.
Col"ic*root` (?), n. A bitter
American herb of the Bloodwort family, with the leaves all
radical, and the small yellow or white flowers in a long spike
(Aletris farinosa and A. aurea). Called
sometimes star grass, blackroot,
blazing star, and unicorn root.
Col"in (?), n. [F.
colin; prop. a dim. of Colas, contr. fr.
Nicolas Nicholas.] (Zo\'94l.)
The American quail or bobwhite. The name is also applied to
other related species. See Bobwhite.
Col`i*se"um (?), n. [NL. (cf.
It. coliseo, colosseo), fr. L.
colosseus colossal, fr. colossus a
colossus. See Colossus, and cf.
Colosseum.] The amphitheater of Vespasian at
Rome, the largest in the world. [Written also
Colosseum.]
\'d8Co*li"tis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. -itis.] (Med.) An
inflammation of the large intestine, esp. of its mucous membrane;
colonitis.
Coll (?), v. t. [OF.
coler, fr. L. collum neck.] To
embrace. [Obs.] \'bdThey coll and
kiss him.\'b8
Latimer.
\'d8Col*la`bo*ra*teur" (?), n.
[F.] See Collaborator.
Col*lab`o*ra"tion (?), n. The
act ofworking together; united labor.
Col*lab"o*ra`tor (?), n. [L.
collaborare to labor together; col- +
laborare to labor: cf. F.
collaborateur.] An associate in labor,
especially in literary or scientific labor.
Col"la*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)
The chemical basis of ordinary connective tissue, as of
tendons or sinews and of bone. On being boiled in water it
becomes gelatin or glue.
Col*lag"e*nous (?), a.
(Physiol.) Containing or resembling
collagen.
Col*lapse" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Collapsed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Collapsing] [L. collapsus,
p. p. of collabi to collapse; col- +
labi to fall, slide. See Lapse.]
1. To fall together suddenly, as the sides of a
hollow vessel; to close by falling or shrinking together; to have
the sides or parts of (a thing) fall in together, or be crushed
in together; as, a flue in the boiler of a steam engine
sometimes collapses.
A balloon collapses when the gas escapes from
it.
Maunder.
2. To fail suddenly and completely, like something
hollow when subject to too much pressure; to undergo a collapse;
as, Maximilian's government collapsed soon after the
French army left Mexico; many financial projects
collapse after attaining some success and
importance.
Col*lapse" (?), n. 1.
A falling together suddenly, as of the sides of a hollow
vessel.
2. A sudden and complete failure; an utter failure
of any kind; a breakdown. [Colloq.]
3. (Med.) Extreme depression or sudden
failing o
Col*lap"sion (?), n. [L.
collapsio.] Collapse.
[R.]
Johnson.
Col"lar (?), n. [OE.
coler, coller, OF. colier, F.
collier, necklace, collar, fr. OF. col
neck, F. cou, fr. L. collum; akin to AS.
heals, G. & Goth. hals. Cf. Hals,
n.] 1. Something worn round the
neck, whether for use, ornament, restraint, or identification;
as, the collar of a coat; a lady's collar;
the collar of a dog.
2. (Arch.) (a) A ring or
cinture. (b) A collar beam.
3. (Bot.) The neck or line of junction
between the root of a plant and its stem.
Gray.
4. An ornament worn round the neck by knights,
having on it devises to designate their rank or order.
5. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A ringlike
part of a mollusk in connection with esophagus.
(b) A colored ring round the neck of a bird or
mammal.
6. (Mech.) A ring or round flange upon,
surrounding, or against an object, and used for rastraining
motion within given limits, or for holding something to its
place, or for hibing an opening around an object; as, a
collar on a shaft, used to prevent endwise motion of the
shaft; a collar surrounding a stovepipe at the place
where it enters a wall. The flanges of a piston and the gland of
a stuffing box are sometimes called collars.
7. (Naut.) An eye formed in the bight or
bend of a shroud or stay to go over the masthead; also, a rope to
which certain parts of rigging, as dead-eyes, are secured.
8. (Mining) A curb, or a horizontal
timbering, around the mouth of a shaft.
Raymond.
Collar beam (Arch.), a horizontal
piece of timber connecting and tying together two opposite
rafters; -- also, called simply collar. --
Collar of brawn, the quantity of brawn bound up in
one parcel. [Eng.] Johnson. --
Collar day, a day of great ceremony at the English
court, when persons, who are dignitaries of honorary orders, wear
the collars of those orders. -- To slip the
collar, to get free; to disentangle one's self from
difficulty, labor, or engagement.
Spenser.
Col"lar, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Collared (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Collaring.] 1. To
seize by the collar.
2. To put a collar on.
To collar beef (or other meat), to roll it up,
and bind it close with a string preparatory to cooking
it.
Col"lar bone` (?). (Anat.) The
clavicle.
Col"lards (?), n., pl.
[Corrupted fr. colewort.] Young
cabbage, used as \'bdgreens\'b8; esp. a kind cultivated for that
purpose; colewort. [Colloq. Souther U. S.]
Col"lared (?), a. 1.
Wearing a collar. \'bdCollared with
gold.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. (Her.) Wearing a collar; -- said of a
man or beast used as a bearing when a collar is represented as
worn around the neck or loins.
3. Rolled up and bound close with a string; as,
collared beef. See To collar beef,
under Collar, v. t.
Col*lat"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being collated.
Coleridge.
Col*late" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Collated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Collating.] [From
Collation.] 1. To compare
critically, as books or manuscripts, in order to note the points
of agreement or disagreement.
I must collage it, word, with the original
Hebrew.
Coleridge.
2. To gather and place in order, as the sheets of a
book for binding.
3. (Eccl.) To present and institute in a
benefice, when the person presenting is both the patron and the
ordinary; -- followed by to.
4. To bestow or confer. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Col*late", v. i. (Ecl.) To
place in a benefice, when the person placing is both the patron
and the ordinary.
If the bishop neglets to collate within six months,
the right to do it devolves on the archbishop.
Encyc. Brit.
Col*lat"er*al (?), a. [LL.
collateralis; col- + lateralis
lateral. See Lateral.] 1. Coming
from, being on, or directed toward, the side; as,
collateral pressure.
\'bdCollateral light.\'b8
Shak.
2. Acting in an indirect way.
If by direct or by collateral hand
They find us touched, we will our kingdom give . . .
To you in satisfaction.
Shak.
3. Related to, but not strictly a part of, the main
thing or matter under consideration; hence, subordinate; not
chief or principal; as, collateral interest;
collateral issues.
That he [Attebury] was altogether in the wrong on the main
question, and on all the collateral questions
springing out of it, . . . is true.
Macaulay.
4. Tending toward the same conclusion or result as
something else; additional; as, collateral
evidence.
Yet the attempt may give
Collateral interest to this homely tale.
Wordsworth.
5. (Genealogy) Descending from the same
stock or ancestor, but not in the same line or branch or one from
the other; -- opposed to lineal.
Lineal descendants proceed one from
another in a direct line; collateral relations spring
from a common ancestor, but from different branches of that
common stirps or stock. Thus the children of brothers
are collateral relations, having different fathers,
but a common grandfather.
Blackstone.
<-- p. 278 -->
Collateral assurance, that which is made, over
and above the deed itself. -- Collateral
circulation (Med. & Physiol.), circulation
established through indirect or subordinate branches when the
supply through the main vessel is obstructed. --
Collateral issue. (Law) (a) An
issue taken upon a matter aside from the merits of the case.
(b) An issue raised by a criminal convict who pleads
any matter allowed by law in bar of execution, as pardon,
diversity of person, etc. (c) A point raised,
on cross-examination, aside from the issue fixed by the
pleadings, as to which the answer of the witness, when given,
cannot subsequently be contradicted by the party asking the
question. -- Collateral security, security
for the performance of covenants, or the payment of money,
besides the principal security,
<-- collateral damage (Mil.) damage caused by a military
operation, such as a bombing, to objects or persons not
themselves the intended target of the attack. -->
Col*lat"er*al (?), n. 1.
A collateral relative.
Ayliffe.
2. Collateral security; that which is pledged or
deposited as collateral security.
Col*lat"er*al*ly, adv. 1. Side
by side; by the side.
These pulleys . . . placed collaterally.
Bp. Wilkins.
2. In an indirect or subordinate manner;
indirectly.
The will hath force upon the conscience
collaterally and indirectly.
Jer. Taylor.
3. In collateral relation; not lineally.
Col*lat"er*al*ness, n. The state of
being collateral.
Col*la"tion (?), n. [OE.
collacioun speech, conference, reflection, OF.
collacion, F. collation, fr. L.
collatio a bringing together, comparing, fr.
collatum (used as the supine of conferre);
col- + latium (used as the supine of
ferre to bear), for tlatum. See
Tolerate, v. t.] 1. The
act of collating or comparing; a comparison of one copy er thing
(as of a book, or manuscript) with another of a like kind;
comparison, in general.
Pope.
2. (Print.) The gathering and
examination of sheets preparatory to binding.
3. The act of conferring or bestowing.
[Obs.]
Not by the collation of the king . . . but by the
people.
Bacon.
4. A conference. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
5. (Eccl. Law) The presentation of a
clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his own
gift.
6. (Law) (a) The act of
comparing the copy of any paper with its original to ascertain
its conformity. (b) The report of the act
made by the proper officers.
7. (Scots Law) The right which an heir
has of throwing the whole heritable and movable estates of the
deceased into one mass, and sharing it equaly with others who are
of the same degree of kindred.
Bouvier.
8. (Eccles.) A collection of the Lives
of the Fathers or other devout work read daily in
monasteries.
9. A light repast or luncheon; as, a cold
collation; -- first applied to the refreshment on
fast days that accompanied the reading of the collation in
monasteries.
A collation of wine and sweetmeats.
Whiston.
Collation of seals (Old Law), a
method of ascertaining the genuineness of a seal by comparing it
with another known to be genuine.
Bouvier.
Col*la"tion, v. i. To partake of a
collation. [Obs.]
May 20, 1658, I . . . collationed in Spring
Garden.
Evelyn.
Col*la"tion*er (?), n.
(Print.) One who examines the sheets of a book
that has just been printed, to ascertain whether they are
correctly printed, paged, etc. [Eng.]
Col`la*ti"tious (?), a. [L.
collatitius. See Collation.]
Brought together; contributed; done by contributions.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Col*la"tive (?), a. [L.
collativus brought together. ] Passing or
held by collation; -- said of livings of which the bishop and the
patron are the same person.
Col*la"tor (?), n. [L.]
1. One who collates manuscripts, books, etc.
Addison.
2. (Eccl. Law) One who collates to a
benefice.
3. One who confers any benefit.
[Obs.]
Feltham.
Col*laud" (?), v. t. [L.
collaudare; col- + laudare to
praise.] To join in praising.
[Obs.]
Howell.
Col"league (?), n. [F.
coll\'b5gue, L. collega one
chosen at the same time with another, a partner in office;
col- + legare to send or choose as deputy.
See Legate.] A partner or associate in some
civil or ecclesiastical office or employment. It is never used of
partners in trade or manufactures.
Syn. -- Helper; assistant; coadjutor; ally; associate;
companion; confederate.
Col*league" (?), v.t & i. To
unite or associate with another or with others.
[R.]
Shak.
Col"league*ship, n. Partnership in
office.
Milton.
Col*lect" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Collected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Collecting.] [L.
collecrus, p. p. of collerige to
bind together; col- + legere to gather: cf.
OF. collecter. See Legend, and cf.
Coil, v. t., Cull, v.
t.] 1. To gather into one body or
place; to assemble or bring together; to obtain by
gathering.
A band of men
Collected choicely from each country.
Shak.
'Tis memory alone that enriches the mind, by preserving what
our labor and industry daily collect.
Watts.
2. To demand and obtain payment of, as an account,
or other indebtedness; as, to collect
taxes.
3. To infer from observed facts; to conclude from
premises. [Archaic.]
Shak.
Which sequence, I conceive, is very ill
collected.
Locke.
To collect one's self, to recover from
surprise, embarrassment, or fear; to regain
self-control.
Syn. -- To gather; assemble; congregate; muster; accumulate;
garner; aggregate; amass; infer; deduce.
Col*lect", v. i. 1. To assemble
together; as, the people collected in a crowd; to
accumulate; as, snow collects in
banks.
2. To infer; to conclude.
[Archaic]
Whence some collect that the former word imports a
plurality of persons.
South.
Col"lect, n. [LL. collecta,
fr. L. collecta a collection in money; an assemblage,
fr. collerige: cf. F. collecte. See
Collect, v. t.] A short,
comprehensive prayer, adapted to a particular day, occasion, or
condition, and forming part of a liturgy.
The noble poem on the massacres of Piedmont is strictly a
collect in verse.
Macaulay.
\'d8Col`lec*ta"ne*a (?), n. pl.
[Neut. pl. from L. collectaneus collected, fr.
colligere. See Collect, v.
t.] Passages selected from various authors,
usually for purposes of instruction; miscellany; anthology.
Col*lect"ed (?), a. 1.
Gathered together.
2. Self-possessed; calm; composed.
Col*lect"ed*ly, adv. Composedly;
coolly.
Col*lect"ed*ness, n. A collected state
of the mind; self-possession.
Col*lect"i*ble (?), a. Capable
of being collected.
Col*lec"tion (?), n. [L.
collectio: cf. F. collection.]
1. The act or process of collecting or of
gathering; as, the collection of
specimens.
2. That which is collected; as: (a) A
gathering or assemblage of objects or of persons. \'bdA
collection of letters.\'b8
Macaulay.
(b) A gathering of money for charitable or other
purposes, as by passing a contribution box for freewill
offerings. \'bdThe collection for the
saints.\'b8
1 Cor. xvi. 1
(c) (Usually in pl.) That which is
obtained in payment of demands. (d) An accumulation
of any substance. \'bdCollections of
moisture.\'b8 Whewell. \'bdA purulent
collection.\'b8
Dunglison.
3. The act of inferring or concluding from premises
or observed facts; also, that which is inferred.
[Obs.]
We may safely say thus, that wrong collections have
been hitherto made out of those words by modern divines.
Milton.
4. The jurisdiction of a collector of excise.
[Eng.]
Syn. -- Gathering; assembly; assemblage; group; crowd;
congregation; mass; heap; compilation.
Col*lec"tion*al (-al), a.
Of or pertaining to collecting.
The first twenty-five [years] must have been wasted for
collectional purposes.
H. A. Merewether.
Col*lect"ive (?), a. [L.
collectivus: cf. F. collectif.]
1. Formed by gathering or collecting; gathered into
a mass, sum, or body; congregated or aggregated; as, the
collective body of a nation.
Bp. Hoadley.
2. Deducing consequences; reasoning;
inferring. [Obs.] \'bdCritical and
collective reason.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
3. (Gram.) Expressing a collection or
aggregate of individuals, by a singular form; as, a
collective name or noun, like assembly,
army, juri, etc.
4. Tending to collect; forming a collection.
Local is his throne . . . to fix a point,
A central point, collective of his sons.
Young.
5. Having plurality of origin or authority; as,
in diplomacy, a note signed by the representatives of several
governments is called a collective note.
Collective fruit (Bot.), that which
is formed from a mass of flowers, as the mulberry, pineapple, and
the like; -- called also multiple
fruit.
Gray.
Col*lect"ive, n. (Gram.) A
collective noun or name.
Col*lect"ive*ly, adv. In a mass, or
body; in a collected state; in the aggregate; unitedly.
Col*lect"ive*ness, n. A state of union;
mass.
Col*lect"iv*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
collectivisme.] (Polit. Econ.)
The doctrine that land and capital should be owned by
society collectively or as a whole; communism.
W. G. Summer.
Col*lect"iv*ist, n. [Cf. F.
collectiviste.] An advocate of
collectivism. -- a. Relating to, or
characteristic of, collectivism.
Col*lect"or (?), n. [LL.
collector one who collects: cf. F.
collecteur.] 1. One who collects
things which are separate; esp., one who makes a business or
practice of collecting works of art, objects in natural history,
etc.; as, a collector of coins.
I digress into Soho to explore a bookstall. Methinks I have
been thirty years a collector.
Lamb.
2. A compiler of books; one who collects scattered
passages and puts them together in one book.
Volumes without the collector's own
reflections.
Addison.
3. (Com.) An officer appointed and
commissioned to collect and receive customs, duties, taxes, or
toll.
A great part of this is now embezzled . . . by
collectors, and other officers.
Sir W. Temple.
4. One authorized to collect debts.
5. A bachelor of arts in Oxford, formerly appointed
to superintend some scholastic proceedings in Lent.
Todd.
Col*lect"or*ate (?), n. The
district of a collector of customs; a collectorship.
Col*lect"or*ship, n. The office of a
collector of customs or of taxes.
Col*leg"a*ta*ry (?), n. [L.
collegetarius. See Legatary.]
(Law) A joint legatee.
Col"lege (?), n. [F.
coll\'8age, L. collegium, fr.
collega colleague. See Colleague.]
1. A collection, body, or society of persons
engaged in common pursuits, or having common duties and
interests, and sometimes, by charter, peculiar rights and
privileges; as, a college of heralds; a
college of electors; a college of
bishops.
The college of the cardinals.
Shak.
Then they made colleges of sufferers; persons who,
to secure their inheritance in the world to come, did cut off all
their portion in this.
Jer. Taylor.
2. A society of scholars or friends of learning,
incorporated for study or instruction, esp. in the higher
branches of knowledge; as, the colleges of Oxford
and Cambridge Universities, and many American
colleges.
college is used to include schools occupied
with rudimentary studies, and receiving children as
pupils.
3. A building, or number of buildings, used by a
college. \'bdThe gate of Trinity College.\'b8
Macaulay.
4. Fig.: A community. [R.]
Thick as the college of the bees in May.
Dryden.
College of justice, a term applied in Scotland
to the supreme civil courts and their principal officers. --
The sacred college, the college or cardinals at
Rome.
Col*le"gi*al (?), n. [LL.
collegialis.] Collegiate.
[R.]
Col*le"gi*an (?), n. A member
of a college, particularly of a literary institution so called; a
student in a college.
Col*le"gi*ate (?), a. [L.
collegiatus.] Of or pertaining to a
college; as, collegiate studies; a
collegiate society.
Johnson.
Collegiate church. (a) A church
which, although not a bishop's seat, resembles a cathedral in
having a college, or chapter of canons (and, in the
Church of England, a dean), as Westminster Abbey.
(b) An association of churches, possessing common
revenues and administered under the joint pastorate of several
ministers; as, the Reformed (Dutch) Collegiate
Church of New York.
Col*le"gi*ate, n. A member of a
college.
Burton.
\'d8Col*lem"bo*la (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The
division of Thysanura which includes Podura, and
allied forms.
\'d8Col*len"chy*ma (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. parenchyma.] (Bot.) A tissue of
vegetable cells which are thickend at the angles and (usually)
elongated.
Col"let (?), n. [F.
collet, dim. fr. L. collum neck. See
Collar.] 1. A small collar or
neckband.
Foxe.
2. (Mech.) A small metal ring; a small
collar fastened on an arbor; as, the collet on the
balance arbor of a watch; a small socket on a stem, for
holding a drill.
3. (Jewelry) (a) The part of a
ring containing the bezel in which the stone is set.
(b) The flat table at the base of a brilliant. See
Illust. of Brilliant.
How full the collet with his jewel is!
Cowley.
Col`le*te"ri*al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the colleterium of
insects.
R. Owen.
\'d8Col`le*te"ri*um (?), n.
[NL. See Colletic.] (Zo\'94l.)
An organ of female insects, containing a cement to unite the
ejected ova.
Col*let"ic (?), a. [L.
colleticus suitable for gluing, Gr. Agglutinant. --
n. An agglutinant.
Col"ley (?), n. See
Collie.
Col*lide" (?), v. i. [L.
collidere, collisum; col- +
laedere to strike. See Lesion.] To
strike or dash against each other; to come into collision; to
clash; as, the vessels collided; their interests
collided.
Across this space the attraction urges them. They
collide, they recoil, they oscillate.
Tyndall.
No longer rocking and swaying, but clashing and
colliding.
Carlyle.
Col*lide", v. t. To strike or dash
against. [Obs.]
Scintillations are . . . inflammable effluencies from the
bodies collided.
Sir T. Browne.
Col"li*dine (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) One of a class of organic
bases, C8H11N, usually pungent oily liquids,
belonging to the pyridine series, and obtained from bone oil,
coal tar, naphtha, and certain alkaloids.
Col"lie (?), n. [Gael.
cuilean whelp, puppy, dog.]
(Zo\'94l.) The Scotch shepherd dog. There are two
breeds, the rough-haired and smooth-haired. It is remarkable for
its intelligence, displayed especially in caring for
flocks. [Written also colly,
colley.]
Col"lied (?), p. & a. Darkened.
See Colly, v. t.
Col"lier (?), n. [OE.
colier. See Coal.] 1. One
engaged in the business of digging mineral coal or making
charcoal, or in transporting or dealing in coal.
2. A vessel employed in the coal trade.
Col"lier*y (?), n.; pl.
Collieries (#). [Cf.
Coalery, Collier.] 1. The
place where coal is dug; a coal mine, and the buildings, etc.,
belonging to it.
2. The coal trade. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Col"li*flow`er (?), n. See
Cauliflower.
Col"li*gate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Colligated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Colligating.] [L.
colligatus, p. p. of colligare to collect;
co- + ligare to bind.] 1.
To tie or bind together.
The pieces of isinglass are colligated in rows.
Nicholson.
2. (Logic) To bring together by
colligation; to sum up in a single proposition.
He had discovered and colligated a multitude of the
most wonderful . . . phenomena.
Tundall.
Col"li*gate, a. Bound together.
Col`li*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
colligatio.] 1. A binding
together.
Sir T. Browne.
2. (Logic) That process by which a
number of isolated facts are brought under one conception, or
summed up in a general proposition, as when Kepler discovered
that the various observed positions of the planet Mars were
points in an ellipse. \'bdThe colligation of
facts.\'b8
Whewell.
Colligation is not always induction, but induction
is always colligation.
J. S. Mill.
Col"li*mate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Collimated; p.
p. & vb. n. Collimating.] [See
Collimation.] (Physics & Astron.)
To render parallel to a certain line or direction; to bring
into the same line, as the axes of telescopes, etc.; to render
parallel, as rays of light.
<-- p. 279 -->
Collimating eyepiece, an eyepiece with a
diagonal reflector for illumination, used to determine the error
of collimation in a transit instrument by observing the image of
a cross wire reflected from mercury, and comparing its position
in the field with that of the same wire seen directly. --
Collimating lens (Optics), a lens used
for producing parallel rays of light.
Col`li*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
collimation, fr. a false reading
(collimare) for L. collineare to direct in
a straight line; col- + linea line. Cf.
Collineation.] The act of collimating; the
adjustment of the line of the sights, as the axial line of the
telescope of an instrument, into its proper position relative to
the other parts of the instrument.
Error of collimation, the deviation of the
line collimation of an astronomical instrument from the position
it ought to have with respect to the axis of motion of the
instrument. -- Line of collimation, the axial
line of the telescope of an astronomical or geodetic instrument,
or the line which passes through the optical center of the object
glass and the intersection of the cross wires at its
focus.
Col"li*ma`tor (?), n. 1.
(Astron.) A telescope arranged and used to
determine errors of collimation, both vertical and
horizontal.
Nichol.
2. (Optics) A tube having a convex lens
at one end and at the other a small opening or slit which is at
the principal focus of the lens, used for producing a beam of
parallel rays; also, a lens so used.
Col"lin (?), n. [Gr. A very pure form of gelatin.
Col"line (?), n. [F.
colline, fr. L. collis a hill.]
A small hill or mount. [Obs.]
And watered park, full of fine collines and
ponds.
Evelyn.
Col*lin`e*a"tion (?), n. [L.
collineare to direct in a straight line. See
Collimation.] The act of aiming at, or
directing in a line with, a fixed object. [R.]
Johnson.
Coll"ing (?), n. [From
Coll, v. t.] An embrace;
dalliance. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Coll"ing*ly, adv. With embraces.
[Obs.]
Gascoigne.
Col*lin"gual (?), a. Having, or
pertaining to, the same language.
Col*liq"ua*ble (?), a. Liable
to melt, grow soft, or become fluid. [Obs.]
Harvey.
Col*liq"ua*ment (?), n. The
first rudiments of an embryo in generation.
Dr. H. More.
Col"li*quate (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Colliquated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Colliquating.]
[Pref. col- + L. liquare,
liquatum, to melt.] To change from solid to
fluid; to make or become liquid; to melt.
[Obs.]
The ore of it is colliquated by the violence of the
fire.
Boyle.
[Ice] will colliquate in water or warm oil.
Sir T. Browne.
Col`li*qua"tion (?), n. 1.
A melting together; the act of melting; fusion.
When sand and ashes are well melted together and suffered to
cool, there is generated, by the colliquation, that
sort of concretion we call \'bdglass\'b8.
Boyle.
2. (Med.) A processive wasting or
melting away of the solid parts of the animal system with copious
excretions of liquids by one or more passages.
[Obs.]
Col*liq"ua*tive (?), a. Causing
rapid waste or exhaustion; melting; as, collequative
sweats.
Col*liq`ue*fac"tion (?), n. [L.
colliquefactus melted; col- +
liquefacere; liqu\'c7re to be liquid +
facere to make.] A melting together; the
reduction of different bodies into one mass by fusion.
The incorporation of metals by simple
colliquefaction.
Bacon.
Col"lish (?), n.
(Shoemaking) A tool to polish the edge of a
sole.
Knight.
Col*li"sion (?), n. [L.
collisio, fr. collidere. See
Collide.] 1. The act of striking
together; a striking together, as of two hard bodies; a violent
meeting, as of railroad trains; a clashing.
2. A state of opposition; antagonism;
interference.
The collision of contrary false principles.
Bp. Warburton.
Sensitive to the most trifling collisions.
W. Irving.
Syn. -- Conflict; clashing; encounter; opposition.
Col*li"sive (?), a. Colliding;
clashing. [Obs.]
Col*lit"i*gant (?), a.
Disputing or wrangling. [Obs.] --
n. One who litigates or wrangles.
[Obs.]
Col"lo*cate (?), a. [L.
collocatus, p. p. of collocare. See
Couch.] Set; placed. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Col"lo*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Collocated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Collocating
(?).] To set or place; to set; to
station.
<-- sic. why is set repeated? -->
To marshal and collocate in order his
battalions.
E. Hall.
Col`lo*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
collocatio.] The act of placing; the state
of being placed with something else; disposition in place;
arrangement.
The choice and collocation of words.
Sir W. Jones.
Col`lo*cu"tion (?), n. [L.
collocutio, fr. colloqui,
-locutum, to converse; col- +
loqui to speak. See Loquacious.] A
speaking or conversing together; conference; mutual
discourse.
Bailey.
Col"lo*cu`tor (?), n. [L.
collocutor] One of the speakers in a
dialogue.
Derham.
Col*lo"di*on (?), n. [Gr. Colloid.]
(Chem.) A solution of pyroxylin (soluble gun
cotton) in ether containing a varying proportion of alcohol. It
is strongly adhesive, and is used by surgeons as a containing for
wounds; but its chief application is as a vehicle for the
sensitive film in photography.
Collodion process (Photog.), a
process in which a film of sensitized collodion is used in
preparing the plate for taking a picture. -- Styptic
collodion, collodion containing an astringent, as
tannin.
Col*lo"di*on*ize (?), v. t. To
prepare or treat with collodion.
R. Hunt.
Col*lo"di*o*type (?), n. A
picture obtained by the collodion process; a melanotype or
ambrotype.
Col*lo"di*um (?), n. See
Collodion.
Col*logue" (?), v. i. [Cf. L.
colloqui and E. dialogue. Cf.
Collocution.] To talk or confer secretly and
confidentially; to converse, especially with evil intentions; to
plot mischief. [Archaic or Colloq.]
Pray go in; and, sister, salve the matter,
Collogue with her again, and all shall be well.
Greene.
He had been colloguing with my wife.
Thackeray.
Col"loid (?), a. [Gr. -oid. Cf. Collodion.] Resembling
glue or jelly; characterized by a jellylike appearance;
gelatinous; as, colloid tumors.
Col"loid (?), n. 1.
(Physiol. Chem.) A substance (as albumin, gum,
gelatin, etc.) which is of a gelatinous rather than a crystalline
nature, and which diffuses itself through animal membranes or
vegetable parchment more slowly than crystalloids do; -- opposed
to crystalloid.
2. (Med.) A gelatinous substance found
in colloid degeneration and colloid cancer.
Styptic colloid (Med.), a
preparation of astringent and antiseptic substances with some
colloid material, as collodion, for ready use.
Col*loid"al (?), a. Pertaining
to, or of the nature of, colloids.
Col`loi*dal"i*ty (?), n. The
state or quality of being colloidal.
Col"lop (?), n. [Of uncertain
origin; cf. OF. colp blow, stroke, piece, F.
coup, fr. L. colophus buffet, cuff, Gr.
[Written also colp.]
1. A small slice of meat; a piece of flesh.
God knows thou art a collop of my flesh.
Shak.
Sweetbread and collops were with skewers
pricked.
Dryden.
2. A part or piece of anything; a portion.
Cut two good collops out of the crown land.
Fuller.
Col"loped (?), a. Having ridges
or bunches of flesh, like collops.
With that red, gaunt, and colloped neck
astrain.
R. Browning.
Col"lo*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
A suckerlike organ at the base of the abdomen of insects
belonging to the Collembola. (b) An adhesive
marginal organ of the Lucernariae.
Col*lo"qui*al (?), a. [See
Colloqui.] Pertaining to, or used in,
conversation, esp. common and familiar conversation;
conversational; hence, unstudied; informal; as,
colloquial intercourse; colloquial phrases; a
colloquial style. --
Col*lo"qui*al*ly, adv.
His [Johnson's] colloquial talents were, indeed, of
the highest order.
Macaulay.
Col*lo"qui*al*ism (?), n. A
colloquial expression, not employed in formal discourse or
writing.
Col*lo"qui*al*ize (?), v. t. To
make colloquial and familiar; as, to colloquialize
one's style of writing.
Col"lo*quist (?), n. A speaker
in a colloquy or dialogue.
Malone.
Col"lo*quy (?), n.; pl.
Colloquies (#). [L.
colloquium. See Collocution.]
1. Mutual discourse of two or more persons;
conference; conversation.
They went to Worms, to the colloquy there about
religion.
A. Wood.
2. In some American colleges, a part in
exhibitions, assigned for a certain scholarship rank; a
designation of rank in collegiate scholarship.
Col"low (?), n. Soot; smut. See
1st Colly. [Obs.]
Col*luc"tan*cy (?), n. [L.
colluctari to struggle with.] A struggling
to resist; a striving against; resistance; opposition of
nature. [Obs.]
Col`luc*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
colluctatio, fr. colluctari to struggle
with; col- + luctari to struggle.]
A struggling; a contention. [Obs.]
Colluctation with old hags and hobgoblins.
Dr. H. More.
Col*lude" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Colluded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Colluding.] [L.
colludere, -lusum; col- +
ludere to play. See Ludicrous.] To
have secretly a joint part or share in an action; to play into
each other's hands; to conspire; to act in concert.
If they let things take their course, they will be represented
as colluding with sedition.
Burke.
Col*lud"er (?), n. One who
conspires in a fraud.
\'d8Col"lum (?), n.; pl.
Colla (#). [L., neck.]
1. (Anat.) A neck or cervix.
Dunglison.
2. (Bot.) Same as Collar.
Gray.
Col*lu"sion (?), n. [L.
collusio: cf. F. collusion. See
Collude.] 1. A secret agreement and
cooperation for a fraudulent or deceitful purpose; a playing into
each other's hands; deceit; fraud; cunning.
The foxe, maister of collusion.
Spenser.
That they [miracles] be done publicly, in the face of the
world, that there may be no room to suspect artifice and
collusion.
Atterbury.
By the ignorance of the merchants or dishonesty of the
weavers, or the collusion of both, the ware was bad
and the price excessive.
Swift.
2. (Law) An agreement between two or
more persons to defraud a person of his rights, by the forms of
law, or to obtain an object forbidden by law.
Bouvier. Abbott.
Syn. -- Collusion, Connivance.
A person who is guilty of connivance
intentionally overlooks, and thus sanctions what he was bound to
prevent. A person who is guilty of collusion unites
with others (playing into their hands) for fraudulent
purposes.
Col*lu"sive (?), a. 1.
Characterized by collusion; done or planned in
collusion. \'bdCollusive and sophistical
arguings.\'b8 J. Trapp. \'bdCollusive
divorces.\'b8 Strype.
2. Acting in collusion. \'bdCollusive
parties.\'b8 Burke.
-- Col*lu"sive*ly, adv. --
Col*lu"sive*ness, n.
Col*lu"so*ry (?), a. [L.
collusorius.] Collusive.
Col"lu*to*ry (?), n. [L.
colluere, collutum, to wash.]
(Med.) A medicated wash for the mouth.
Col"ly (?), n. [From
Coal.] The black grime or soot of coal.
[Obs.]
Burton.
Col"ly, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Collied (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Collying.] To render black or
dark, as of with coal smut; to begrime.
[Archaic.]
Thou hast not collied thy face enough.
B. Jonson.
Brief as the lighting in the collied night.
Shak.
Col"ly (?), n. A kind of dog.
See Collie.
Col"ly*bist (?), n. [Gr. A money changer.
[Obs.]
In the face of these guilty collybists.
Bp. Hall.
Col*lyr"i*um (?), n.; pl. E.
Collyriums (#), L. Collyria
(#). [L., fr. Gr.
(Med.) An application to the eye, usually an
eyewater.
\'d8Col`o*co"lo (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A South American wild cat (Felis
colocolo), of the size of the ocelot.
Col"ocynth (?), n. [L.
colocynthis, Gr. Coloquintida.] (Med.) The light
spongy pulp of the fruit of the bitter cucumber (Citrullus,
), an Asiatic plant allied to the
watermelon; coloquintida. It comes in white balls, is intensely
bitter, and a powerful cathartic. Called also bitter
apple, bitter cucumber,
bitter gourd.
Col`o*cyn"thin (?), n. [Cf. F.
colocynthine.] (Chem.) The
active medicinal principle of colocynth; a bitter, yellow,
crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside.
Co*logne" (?), n. [Originally
made in Cologne, the French name of K\'94ln, a city in
Germany.] A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and
certain aromatic oils, used in the toilet; -- called also
cologne water and eau de
cologne.
Co*logne" earth` (?). [From
Cologne the city.] (Min.) An
earth of a deep brown color, containing more vegetable than
mineral matter; an earthy variety of lignite, or brown
coal.
Col"om*bier (?), n. [F.]
A large size of paper for drawings. See under
Paper.
Co*lom"bin (?), n.
(Chem.) See Calumbin.
Co*lom"bo (?), n. (Med.)
See Calumba.
Co"lon (?), n. [L.
colon, colum, limb, member, the largest of
the intestines, fr. Gr. colon. Cf. Colic.] 1.
(Anat.) That part of the large intestines which
extends from the c\'91cum to the rectum. [See
Illust of Digestion.]
2. (Gram.) A point or character, formed
thus [:], used to separate parts of a sentence that are complete
in themselves and nearly independent, often taking the place of a
conjunction.
Colo"nel (?), n. [F.
colonel, It. colonello, prop., the chief or
commander of a column, fr. colonna column, L.
columna. See Column.] (Mil.)
The chief officer of a regiment; an officer ranking next
above a lieutenant colonel and next below a brigadier
general.
Colo"nel*cy (?), n.
(Mil.) The office, rank, or commission of a
colonel.
Colo"nel*ship, n. Colonelcy.
Swift.
Col"o*ner (?), n. A
colonist. [Obs.]
Holland
Co*lo"ni*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
colonial.] Of or pertaining to a colony;
as, colonial rights, traffic, wars.
Co*lon"i*cal (?), a. [L.
colonus husbandman.] Of or pertaining to
husbandmen. [Obs.]
Col"o*nist (?), n. A member or
inhabitant of a colony.
\'d8Col`o*ni"tis (?), n.
(Med.) See Colitis.
Col`o*ni*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. colonisation.] Tha act of colonizing, or
the state of being colonized; the formation of a colony or
colonies.
The wide continent of America invited
colonization.
Bancroft.
Col`o*ni*za"tion*ist, n. A friend to
colonization, esp. (U. S. Hist) to the colonization
of Africa by emigrants from the colored population of the United
States.
Col"o*nize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Colonized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Colonizing.] [Cf. F.
coloniser.] To plant or establish a colony
or colonies in; to people with colonists; to migrate to and
settle in.
Bacon.
They that would thus colonize the stars with
inhabitants.
Howell.
Col"o*nize, v. i. To remove to, and
settle in, a distant country; to make a colony.
C. Buchanan.
Col"o*ni`zer (?), n. One who
promotes or establishes a colony; a colonist.
Bancroft.
Col`on*nade" (?), n. [F.
colonnade, It. colonnata, fr.
colonna column. See Colonel.]
(Arch.) A series or range of columns placed at
regular intervals with all the adjuncts, as entablature,
stylobate, roof, etc.
a
portico; when surrounding a building or an open court or
square, a peristyle.
Col"o*ny (?), n.; pl.
Colonies (#). [L.
colonia, fr. colonus farmer, fr.
colere to cultivate, dwell: cf. F. colonie.
Cf. Culture.] 1. A company of people
transplanted from their mother country to a remote province or
country, and remaining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent
state; as, the British colonies in
America.
The first settlers of New England were the best of Englishmen,
well educated, devout Christians, and zealous lovers of liberty.
There was never a colony formed of better
materials.
Ames.
2. The district or country colonized; a
settlement.
3. A company of persons from the same country
sojourning in a foreign city or land; as, the American
colony in Paris.
4. (Nat. Hist.) A number of animals or
plants living or growing together, beyond their usual
range.
Col"o*pha`ny (? , n. See
Colophony.
Co"lo*phene (? , n.
(Chem.) A colorless, oily liquid, formerly
obtained by distillation of colophony. It is regarded as a
polymeric form of terebenthene. Called also
diterebene.
<-- p. 280 -->
Col"o*phon (?), n. [L.
colophon finishing stroke, Gr. culmen top, collis hill. Cf.
Holm.] An inscription, monogram, or cipher,
containing the place and date of publication, printer's name,
etc., formerly placed on the last page of a book.
The colophon, or final description, fell into
disuse, and . . . the title page had become the principal direct
means of identifying the book.
De Morgan.
The book was uninjured from title page to
colophon.
Sir W. Scott.
Col"o*pho*nite (? , n.
[Cf. F. colophonite. So named from its
resemblance to the color of colophony.]
(Min.) A coarsely granular variety of
garnet.
Col"o*pho`ny (? , n.
[Gr. Rosin.
Col`o*quin"ti*da (?), n. See
Colocynth.
Shak.
Col"or (?), n. [Written also
colour.] [OF. color,
colur, colour, F. couleur, L.
color; prob. akin to celare to conceal (the
color taken as that which covers). See Helmet.]
1. A property depending on the relations of light
to the eye, by which individual and specific differences in the
hues and tints of objects are apprehended in vision; as, gay
colors; sad colors, etc.
color depends upon a
peculiar function of the retina or optic nerve, in consequence of
which rays of light produce different effects according to the
length of their waves or undulations, waves of a certain length
producing the sensation of red, shorter waves green, and those
still shorter blue, etc. White, or ordinary, light consists of
waves of various lengths so blended as to produce no effect of
color, and the color of objects depends upon their
power to absorb or reflect a greater or less proportion of the
rays which fall upon them.
2. Any hue distinguished from white or black.
3. The hue or color characteristic of good health
and spirits; ruddy complexion.
Give color to my pale cheek.
Shak.
4. That which is used to give color; a paint; a
pigment; as, oil colors or water
colors.
5. That which covers or hides the real character of
anything; semblance; excuse; disguise; appearance.
They had let down the boat into the sea, under
color as though they would have cast anchors out of
the foreship.
Acts xxvii. 30.
That he should die is worthy policy;
But yet we want a color for his death.
Shak.
6. Shade or variety of character; kind;
species.
Boys and women are for the most part cattle of this
color.
Shak.
7. A distinguishing badge, as a flag or similar
symbol (usually in the plural); as, the colors or
color of a ship or regiment; the colors of a
race horse (that is, of the cap and jacket worn by the
jockey).
In the United States each regiment of infantry and artillery
has two colors, one national and one regimental.
Farrow.
8. (Law) An apparent right; as where the
defendant in trespass gave to the plaintiff an appearance of
title, by stating his title specially, thus removing the cause
from the jury to the court.
Blackstone.
Color is express when it is
asverred in the pleading, and implied when it is
implied in the pleading.
Body color. See under Body. --
Color blindness, total or partial inability to
distinguish or recognize colors. See Daltonism. --
Complementary color, one of two colors so related
to each other that when blended together they produce white
light; -- so called because each color makes up to the other what
it lacks to make it white. Artificial or pigment colors, when
mixed, produce effects differing from those of the primary
colors, in consequence of partial absorption. -- Of
color (as persons, races, etc.), not of the white race;
-- commonly meaning, esp. in the United States, of negro blood,
pure or mixed. -- Primary colors, those
developed from the solar beam by the prism, viz., red, orange,
yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, which are reduced by
some authors to three, -- red, green, and violet-blue. These
three are sometimes called fundamental
colors. -- Subjective Accidental color, a false or spurious color
seen in some instances, owing to the persistence of the luminous
impression upon the retina, and a gradual change of its
character, as where a wheel perfectly white, and with a
circumference regulary subdiveded, is made to revolve rapidly
over a dark object, the teeth, of the wheel appear to the eye of
different shades of color varying with the rapidity of rotation.
See Accidental colors, under
Accidental.
Col"or (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Colored
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coloring.] [F.
colorer.] 1. To change or alter
the bue or tint of, by dyeing, staining, painting, etc.; to dye;
to tinge; to aint; to stain.
The rays, to speak properly, are not colored; in
them there is nothing else than a certain power and disposition
to stir up a sensation of this or that color.
Sir I. Newton.
2. To change or alter, as if by dyeing or painting;
to give a false appearance to; usually, to give a specious
appearance to; to cause to appear attractive; to make plausible;
to palliate or excuse; as, the facts were colored by
his prejudices.
He colors the falsehood of \'92neas by an express
command from Jupiter to forsake the queen.
Dryden.
3. To hide. [Obs.]
That by his fellowship he color might
Both his estate and love from skill of any wight.
Spenser.
Col"or, v. i. To acquire color; to turn
red, especially in the face; to blush.
Col"or*a*ble (?), a. Specious;
plausible; having an appearance of right or justice.
\'bdColorable pretense for infidility.\'b8
Bp. Stillingfleet.
-- Col"or*a*ble*ness, n. --
Col"or*a*bly, adv.
Colorable and subtle crimes, that seldom are taken
within the walk of human justice.
Hooker.
Col`o*ra"do bee"tle (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A yellowish beetle (Doryphora decemlineata), with
ten longitudinal, black, dorsal stripes. It has migrated
eastwards from its original habitat in Colorado, and is very
destructive to the potato plant; -- called also potato
beetle and potato bug. See
Potato beetle.
Col`o*ra"do group (?). (Geol.)
A subdivision of the cretaceous formation of western North
America, especially developed in Colorado and the upper Missouri
region.
Col`o*ra"do*ite (?), n.
(Min.) Mercury telluride, an iron-black metallic
mineral, found in Colorado.
Col"or*ate (?), a. [L.
coloratus, p. p. of colorare to
color.] Colored. [Obs.]
Ray.
Col`or*a"tion (?), n. The act
or art of coloring; the state of being colored.
Bacon.
The females . . . resemble each other in their general type of
coloration.
Darwin.
Col"or*a*ture (?; 135), n. [Cf.
G. coloratur, fr. LL. coloratura.]
(Mus.) Vocal music colored, as it
were, by florid ornaments, runs, or rapid passages.
Col"or-blind (?), a. Affected
with color blindness. See Color blindness, under
Color, n.
Col"ored (?), a. 1.
Having color; tinged; dyed; painted; stained.
The lime rod, colored as the glede.
Chaucer.
The colored rainbow arched wide.
Spenser.
2. Specious; plausible; aborned so as to appear
well; as, a highly colored description.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
His colored crime with craft to cloke.
Spenser.
3. Of some other color than black or white.
4. (Ethnol.) Of some other color than
white; specifically applied to negroes or persons having negro
blood; as, a colored man; the colored
people.
5. (Bot.) Of some other color than
green.
Colored, meaning, as applied to foliage, of some
other color than green.
Gray.
Wood.
Col`or*if"ic (?; 277), a. [L.
color color + facere to make: cf. F.
colorifique.] Capable of communicating
color or tint to other bodies.
Col`or*im"e*ter (?), n.
[Color + -meter: cf. F.
colorim\'8atre.] An instrument for
measuring the depth of the color of anything, especially of a
liquid, by comparison with a standard liquid.
Col"or*ing (?), n. 1.
The act of applying color to; also, that which produces
color.
2. Change of appearance as by addition of color;
appearance; show; disguise; misrepresentation.
Tell the whole story without coloring or gloss.
Compton Reade.
Dead coloring. See under
Dead.
Col"or*ist (?), n. [Cf. F.
coloriste.] One who colors; an artist who
excels in the use of colors; one to whom coloring is of prime
importance.
Titian, Paul Veronese, Van Dyck, and the rest of the good
colorists.
Dryden.
Col"or*less, a. 1. Without
color; not distinguished by any hue; transparent; as,
colorless water.
2. Free from any manifestation of partial or
peculiar sentiment or feeling; not disclosing likes, dislikes,
prejudice, etc.; as, colorless music; a
colorless style; definitions should be
colorless.
Col"or*man (?), n.; pl.
Colormen (#). A vender of paints,
etc.
Simmonds.
Col"or ser"geant. See under
Sergeant.
Co*los"sal (?), a. [Cf. F.
cossal, L. colosseus. See
Colossus.] 1. Of enormous size;
gigantic; huge; as, a colossal statue.
\'bdA colossal stride.\'b8
Motley.
2. (Sculpture & Painting) Of a size
larger than heroic. See Heroic.
Col`os*se"an (?), a.
Colossal. [R.]
Col`os*se"um (?), n. [Neut.,
fr. L. coloseus gigantic. See
Coliseum.] The amphitheater of Vespasian in
Rome. [Also written Coliseum.]
Co*los"sus (?), n.; pl. L.
Colossi (#), E. Colossuses
(#). [L., fr. Gr. 1.
A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied
to certain famous statues in antiquity, as the
Colossus of Nero in Rome, the Colossus of
Apollo at Rhodes.
He doth bestride the narrow world
Like a colossus.
Shak.
Dr. Wm. Smith.
2. Any man or beast of gigantic size.
\'d8Co*los"trum (?), n. [L.,
biestings.] (Med.) (a) The first
milk secreted after delivery; biestings. (b)
A mixture of turpentine and the yolk of an egg, formerly
used as an emulsion.
Co*lot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) An operation
for opening the colon
Col"our (?), n. See
Color.
Colp (?), n. See
Collop.
Col"por`tage (?), n. [F.]
The distribution of religious books, tracts, etc., by
colporteurs.
Col"por`ter (?), n. Same as
Colporteur.
Col"por`teur (?; 277), n. [F.
colporteur one who carries on his neck, fr.
colporter to carry on one's neck; col (L.
collum) neck + porter (L.
portare) to carry.] A hawker; specifically,
one who travels about selling and distributing religious tracts
and books.
Col"staff` (?), n. [F.
col neck + E. staff. Cf.
Coll.] A staff by means of which a burden is
borne by two persons on their shoulders.
Colt (?; 110), n. [OE.
colt a young horse, ass, or camel, AS.
colt; cf. dial. Sw. kullt a boy,
lad.] 1. The young of the equine genus or
horse kind of animals; -- sometimes distinctively applied to the
male, filly being the female. Cf. Foal.
2. A young, foolish fellow.
Shak.
3. A short knotted rope formerly used as an
instrument of punishment in the navy.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Colt's tooth, an imperfect or superfluous
tooth in young horses. -- To cast one's colt's
tooth, to cease from youthful wantonness.
\'bdYour colt's tooth is not cast yet.\'b8
Shak. -- To have a colt's tooth, to be
wanton.
Chaucer.
Colt (?; 110), v. i. To frisk
or frolic like a colt; to act licentiously or wantonly.
[Obs.]
They shook off their bridles and began to colt.
Spenser.
Colt, v. t. 1. To horse; to get
with young.
Shak.
2. To befool. [Obs.]
Shak.
Col"ter (?), n. [AS.
culter, fr. L. culter plowshare, knife. Cf.
Cutlass.] A knife or cutter, attached to the
beam of a plow to cut the sward, in advance of the plowshare and
moldboard. [Written also
coulter.]
Colt"ish (?), a. Like a colt;
wanton; frisky.
He was all coltish, full of ragery.
Chaucer.
-- Colt"ish*ly, adv. --
Colt"ish*ness, n.
Colts"foot` (?), n.
(Bot.) A perennial herb (Tussilago
Farfara), whose leaves and rootstock are sometimes employed
in medicine.
Butterbur coltsfoot (Bot.), a
European plant (Petasites vulgaris).
Colt's" tooth` (?). See under
Colt.
\'d8Col"u*ber (?), n. [L., a
serpent.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of harmless
serpents.
Col"u*brine (?), a. [L.
colubrinus.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
like or related to snakes of the genus Coluber.
2. Like a snake; cunning; crafty.
Johnson.
\'d8Co*lu"go (?), n. [Prob. an
aboriginal name.] (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar
East Indian mammal (Galleopithecus volans), having
along the sides, connecting the fore and hind limbs, a
parachutelike membrane, by means of which it is able to make long
leaps, like the flying squirrel; -- called also flying
lemur.
Co*lum"ba (?), n. (Med.)
See Calumba.
\'d8Co*lum"b\'91 (?), n. pl.;
[L. columba pigeon.] (Zo\'94l.)
An order of birds, including the pigeons.
\'d8Col`um*ba"ri*um (?), n.;
pl. L. Columbaria (#) [L. See
Columbary.] (Rom. Antiq.) (a)
A dovecote or pigeon house. (b) A
sepulchral chamber with niches for holding cinerary urns.
Col"um*ba*ry (?), n.; pl.
Columbaries (#). [L.
columbarium, fr. columba a dove.]
A dovecote; a pigeon house.
Sir T. Browne.
Co*lum"bate (?), n. [Cf. F.
colombate. See Columbium.]
(Chem.) A salt of columbic acid; a niobate. See
Columbium.
Co*lum"batz fly` (?). [From
Kolumbatz, a mountain in Germany.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Buffalo fly, under
Buffalo.
\'d8Col`um*bel"la (?), n. [NL.,
dim. of L. columba a dove. So called from a fancied
resemblance in color and form, of some species.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of univale shells, abundant in
tropical seas. Some species, as Columbella mercatoria,
were formerly used as shell money.
Co*lum"bi*a (?), n. America;
the United States; -- a poetical appellation given in honor of
Columbus, the discoverer.
Dr. T. Dwight.
Co*lum"bi*ad (?), n. [From
Columbia the United States.] (Mil.)
A form of seacoast cannon; a long, chambered gun designed
for throwing shot or shells with heavy charges of powder, at high
angles of elevation.
Columbiad has
been much modified form now used in seacoast defense is often
called the Rodman gun.
Co*lum"bi*an (?), a. [From
Columbia.] Of or pertaining to the United
States, or to America.
Co*lum"bic (?), a. [From
Columbium.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or containing, columbium or niobium; niobic.
Columbic acid (Chem.), a weak acid
derived from columbic or niobic oxide, Nb2O5; --
called also niobic acid.
Co*lum"bic, a. [From
Columbo.] Pertaining to, or derived from, the
columbo root.
Columbic acid (Chem.), an organic
acid extracted from the columbo root as a bitter, yellow,
amorphous substance.
Co*lum"bi*er (?), n. See
Colombier.
Col"um*bif"er*ous (?), a.
[Columbium + -ferous.]
Producing or containing columbium.
Co*lum"bin (?), n.
(Chem.) A white, crystalline, bitter substance.
See Calumbin.
Col"um*bine (?), a. [L.
columbinus, fr. columba dove.]
Of or pertaining to a dove; dovelike; dove-colored.
\'bdColumbine innocency.\'b8
Bacon.
Col"um*bine, n. [LL.
columbina, L. columbinus
dovelike, fr. columba dove: cf. F.
colombine. Perh. so called from the beaklike spurs of
its flowers.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of
several species of the genus Aquilegia; as,
A. vulgaris, or the common garden columbine; A.
Canadensis, the wild red columbine of North
America.
2. The mistress or sweetheart of Harlequin in
pantomimes.
Brewer.
Co*lum"bite (?), n. [Cf. F.
colombite. See Columbium.]
(Min.) A mineral of a black color, submetallic
luster, and high specific specific gravity. It is a niobate (or
columbate) of iron and manganese, containing tantalate of iron;
-- first found in New England.
<-- p. 281 -->
Co*lum"bi*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
Columbia America.] (Chem.) A
rare element of the vanadium group, first found in a variety of
the mineral columbite occurring in Connecticut, probably at
Haddam. Atomic weight 94.2. Symbol Cb or Nb. Now more commonly
called niobium.
Co*lum"bo (?), n. (Med.)
See Calumba.
Col`u*mel"la (?), n. [L., dim.
of columen column. See Column.]
1. (Bot.) (a) An axis to which
a carpel of a compound pistil may be attached, as in the case of
the geranium; or which is left when a pod opens.
(b) A columnlike axis in the capsule of
mosses.
2. (Anat.) A term applied to various
columnlike parts; as, the columnella, or
epipterygoid bone, in the skull of many lizards; the
columella of the ear, the bony or cartilaginous rod
connecting the tympanic membrane with the internal
ear.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The upright
pillar in the axis of most univalve shells. (b)
The central pillar or axis of the calicles of certain
corals.
Col`u*mel"li*form (?), a.
[Columella + -form.] Shaped
like a little column, or columella.
Col"umn (?), n. [L.
columna, fr. columen, culmen,
fr. cellere (used only in comp.), akin to E.
excel, and prob. to holm. See
Holm, and cf. Colonel.] 1.
(Arch.) A kind of pillar; a cylindrical or
polygonal support for a roof, ceiling, statue, etc., somewhat
ornamented, and usually composed of base, shaft, and capital. See
Order.
2. Anything resembling, in form or position, a
column an architecture; an upright body or mass; a shaft or
obelisk; as, a column of air, of water, of mercury,
etc. ; the Column Vend\'93me; the spinal
column.
3. (Mil.) (a) A body of troops
formed in ranks, one behind the other; -- contradistinguished
from line. Compare Ploy, and
Deploy. (b) A small army.
4. (Naut.) A number of ships so arranged
as to follow one another in single or double file or in
squadrons; -- in distinction from \'bdline\'b8, where they are
side by side.
5. (Print.) A perpendicular set of
lines, not extending across the page, and separated from other
matter by a rule or blank space; as, a column in a
newspaper.
6. (Arith.) A perpendicular line of
figures.
7. (Bot.) The body formed by the union
of the stamens in the Mallow family, or of the stamens and pistil
in the orchids.
Attached column. See under Attach,
v. t. -- Clustered column. See
under Cluster, v. t. -- Column
rule, a thin strip of brass separating columns of type
in the form, and making a line between them in
printing.
Co*lum"*nar (?), a. [L.
columnaris, fr. columna.] Formed
in columns; having the form of a column or columns; like the
shaft of a column.
Columnar epithelium (Anat.),
epithelium in which the cells are priismatic in form, and set
upright on the surface they cover. -- Columnar
structure (Geol.), a structure consisting of
more or less regular columns, usually six-sided, but sometimes
with eight or more sides. The columns are often fractured
transversely, with a cup joint, showing a concave surface above.
This structure is characteristic of certain igneous rocks, as
basalt, and is due to contraction in cooling.<-- like at Giant's
causeway, Ireland?-->
Col`um*nar"i*ty (?), n. The
state or quality of being columnar.
Co*lum"na*ted (?), a. Having
columns; as, columnated temples.
Col"umned (?), a. Having
columns.
Troas and Ilion's columned citadel.
Tennyson.
Co*lum`ni*a"tion (?), n. The
employment or arrangement of columns in a structure.
Gwilt.
Co*lure" (?), n.; pl.
Colures (#). [F.
colure, L. coluri, pl., fr. Gr. (Astron. & Geog.) One of two
great circles intersecting at right angles in the poles of the
equator. One of them passes through the equinoctial points, and
hence is denominated the equinoctial colure; the other
intersects the equator at the distance of 90solstitial colure.
Thrice the equinoctial line
He circled; four times crossed the car of night
From pole to pole, traversing each colure.
Milton.
Co"ly (?), n.; pl.
Colies (#). [NL.
colius, prob. fr. Gr.
Any bird of the genus Colius and allied genera.
They inhabit Africa.
Col"za (?), n. [F., fr. D.
koolzaad, prob., cabbage seed; kool (akin
to E. cole) + zaad akin to E.
seed.] (Bot.) A variety of
cabbage (Brassica oleracea), cultivated for its seeds,
which yield an oil valued for illuminating and lubricating
purposes; summer rape.
Com-. A prefix from the Latin preposition
cum, signifying with, together,
in conjunction, very, etc. It is used in
the form com- before b, m,
p, and sometimes f, and by assimilation
becomes col- before l, cor-
before r, and con- before any consonant
except b, h, l, m,
p, r, and w. Before a vowel
com- becomes co-; also before h,
w, and sometimes before other consonants.
\'d8Co"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
Cemetery.] A state of profound insensibility
from which it is difficult or impossible to rouse a person. See
Carus.
\'d8Co"ma, n. [L., hair, fr. Gr.
1. (Astron.) The envelope of
a comet; a nebulous covering, which surrounds the nucleus or body
of a comet.
2. (Bot.) A tuft or bunch, -- as the
assemblage of branches forming the head of a tree; or a cluster
of brachts when empty and terminating the inflorescence of a
plant; or a tuft of long hairs on certain seeds.
Coma Berenices ( [L.]
(Astron.), a small constellation north of Virgo;
-- called also Berenice's Hair.
Co*man"ches (? , n. pl.;
sing. Comanche (? .
(Ethnol.) A warlike, savage, and nomadic tribe of
the Shoshone family of Indians, inhabiting Mexico and the
adjacent parts of the United States; -- called also
Paducahs. They are noted for plundering and
cruelty.
Co"mart` (?), n. A
covenant. [Obs.]
Shak.
Co"mate (?; 277), a. [L.
comatus, fr. comare to clothe with hair,
fr. coma hair.] Encompassed with a coma, or
bushy appearance, like hair; hairy.
Co"-mate` (?), n. [Pref.
co- + mate.] A companion.
Shak.
Co"ma*tose` (? , a.
[From Coma lethargy.] Relating to, or
resembling, coma; drowsy; lethargic; as, comatose
sleep; comatose fever.
Co"ma*tons (?), a.
Comatose.
\'d8Co*mat"u*la (?; 135), n.
[NL., fr. L. comatulus having hair neatly curled,
dim. fr. coma hair.] (Zo\'94l.)
A crinoid of the genus Antedon and related
genera. When young they are fixed by a stem. When adult they
become detached and cling to seaweeds, etc., by their dorsal
cirri; -- called also feather stars.
Co*mat"u*lid (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any crinoid of the genus
Antedon or allied genera.
Comb (?; 110), n. [AS..
camb; akin to Sw., Dan., & D. kam, Icel.
kambr, G. kamm, Gr. jambha tooth.] 1. An
instrument with teeth, for straightening, cleansing, and
adjusting the hair, or for keeping it in place.
2. An instrument for currying hairy animals, or
cleansing and smoothing their coats; a currycomb.
3. (Manuf. & Mech.) (a) A
toothed instrument used for separating and cleansing wool, flax,
hair, etc. (b) The serrated vibratory doffing
knife of a carding machine. (c) A former,
commonly cone-shaped, used in hat manufacturing for hardening the
soft fiber into a bat. (d) A tool with teeth,
used for chasing screws on work in a lathe; a chaser.
(e) The notched scale of a wire micrometer.
(f) The collector of an electrical machine, usually
resembling a comb.
<-- "former" in (c) is a noun. -->
4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The naked
fleshy crest or caruncle on the upper part of the bill or hood of
a cock or other bird. It is usually red. (b)
One of a pair of peculiar organs on the base of the abdomen
of scorpions.
5. The curling crest of a wave.
6. The waxen framework forming the walls of the
cells in which bees store their honey, eggs, etc.;
honeycomb. \'bdA comb of honey.\'b8
Wyclif.
When the bee doth leave her comb.
Shak.
7. The thumbpiece of the hammer of a gunlock, by
which it may be cocked.
Comb, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Combed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Combing.] To disentangle, cleanse, or
adjust, with a comb; to lay smooth and straight with, or as with,
a comb; as, to comb hair or wool. See under
Combing.
Comb down his hair; look, look! it stands
upright.
Shak.
Comb, v. i. [See Comb,
n., 5.] (Naut.) To roll over, as
the top or crest of a wave; to break with a white foam, as
waves.
{ Comb, Combe (? , }
n. [AS. comb, prob. of Celtic origin;
cf. W. cwm a dale, valley.] That unwatered
portion of a valley which forms its continuation beyond and above
the most elevated spring that issues into it.
[Written also coombe.]
Buckland.
A gradual rise the shelving combe
Displayed.
Southey.
Comb, n. A dry measure. See
Coomb.
Com"bat (? , v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Combated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Combating.] [F.
combattre; pref. com- + battre
to beat, fr. L. battuere to strike. See
Batter.] To struggle or contend, as with an
opposing force; to fight.
To combat with a blind man I disdain.
Milton.
After the fall of the republic, the Romans combated
only for the choice of masters.
Gibbon.
Com"bat, v. t. To fight with; to oppose
by force, argument, etc.; to contend against; to resist.
When he the ambitious Norway combated.
Shak.
And combated in silence all these reasons.
Milton.
Minds combat minds, repelling and repelled.
Goldsmith.
Syn. -- To fight against; resist; oppose; withstand; oppugn;
antagonize; repel; resent.
Com"bat, n. [Cf. F.
combat.] 1. A fight; a contest of
violence; a struggle for supremacy.
My courage try by combat, if thou dar'st.
Shak.
The noble combat that 'twixt joy and sorrow was
fought in Paulina.
Shak.
2. (Mil.) An engagement of no great
magnitude; or one in which the parties engaged are not
armies.
Single combat, one in which a single combatant
meets a single opponent, as in the case of David and Goliath;
also a duel.
Syn. -- A battle; engagement; conflict; contest; contention;
struggle; fight, strife. See Battle,
Contest.
Com"bat*a*ble (? , a.
[Cf. F. combattable.] Such as can be,
or is liable to be, combated; as, combatable foes,
evils, or arguments.
Com"bat*ant (?), a. [F.
combattant, p. pr.] Contending; disposed to
contend.
B. Jonson.
Com"bat*ant, n. [F.
combattant.] One who engages in
combat. \'bdThe mighty combatants.\'b8
Milton.
A controversy which long survived the original
combatants.
Macaulay
Com"bat*er (?), n. One who
combats.
Sherwood.
Com"bat*ive (?) or (
Com"bat*ive*ness, n. 1. The
quality of being combative; propensity to contend or to
quarrel.
2. (Phren.) A cranial development
supposed to indicate a combative disposition.
\'d8Com`bat`tant" (?), a.
[F.] (Her.) In the position of
fighting; -- said of two lions set face to face, each
rampant.
Comb"broach` (?), n. A tooth of
a wool comb. [Written also
combrouch.]
Combe (? , n. See
Comb.
Comb"er (?), n. 1. One
who combs; one whose occupation it is to comb wool, flax, etc.
Also, a machine for combing wool, flax, etc.
2. A long, curling wave.
Com"ber (?), v. t. To
cumber. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Com"ber, n. Encumbrance.
[Obs.]
Com"ber (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The cabrilla. Also, a name applied to
a species of wrasse. [Prov. Eng.]
Com*bin"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
combinable.] Capable of combinding;
consistent with. [R.]
M. Arnold.
-- Com*bin"a*ble*ness,
n.
Com"bi*nate (?), a. [LL.
combinatus, p. p.] United; joined;
betrothed. [R.]
<-- p. 282 -->
Com`bi*na"tion (?), n. [LL.
combinatio. See Combine.] 1.
The act or process of combining or uniting persons and
things.
Making new compounds by new combinations.
Boyle.
A solemn combination shall be made
Of our dear souls.
Shak.
2. The result of combining or uniting; union of
persons or things; esp. a union or alliance of persons or states
to effect some purpose; -- usually in a bad sense.
A combination of the most powerful men in Rome who
had conspired my ruin.
Melmoth.
3. (Chem.) The act or process of uniting
by chemical affinity, by which substances unite with each other
in definite proportions by weight to form distinct
compounds.
4. pl. (Math.) The
different arrangements of a number of objects, as letters, into
groups.
combinations no regard is paid to the
order in which the objects are arranged in each group, while in
variations and permutations this order is
respected.
Brande & C.
Combination car, a railroad car containing two
or more compartments used for different purposes. [U.
S.] -- Combination lock, a lock in which
the mechanism is controlled by means of a movable dial (sometimes
by several dials or rings) inscribed with letters or other
characters. The bolt of the lock can not be operated until after
the dial has been so turned as to combine the characters in a
certain order or succession. -- Combination room,
in the University of Cambridge, Eng., a room into which the
fellows withdraw after dinner, for wine, dessert, and
conversation. -- Combination by volume
(Chem.), the act, process, or ratio by which
gaseous elements and compounds unite in definite proportions by
volume to form distinct compounds. -- Combination by
weight (Chem.), the act, process, or ratio,
in which substances unite in proportions by weight, relatively
fixed and exact, to form distinct compounds. See Law of
definite proportions, under Definite.
Syn. -- Cabal; alliance; association; league; union;
confederacy; coalition; conspiracy. See Cabal.
Com*bine" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Combined
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Combining.] [LL. combinare,
combinatum; L. com- + binus, pl.
bini, two and two, double: cf. F. combiner.
See Binary.] 1. To unite or join; to
link closely together; to bring into harmonious union; to cause
or unite so as to form a homogeneous, as by chemical union.
So fitly them in pairs thou hast combined.
Milton.
Friendship is the which really combines
mankind.
Dr. H. More.
And all combined, save what thou must
combine
By holy marriage.
Shak.
Earthly sounds, though sweet and well combined.
Cowper.
2. To bind; to hold by a moral tie.
[Obs.]
I am combined by a sacred vow.
Shak.
Com*bine", v. i. 1. To form a
union; to agree; to coalesce; to confederate.
You with your foes combine,
And seem your own destruction to design
Dryden.
So sweet did harp and voice combine.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To unite by affinity or natural attraction;
as, two substances, which will not combine of
themselves, may be made to combine by the intervention
of a third.
3. (Card Playing) In the game of casino,
to play a card which will take two or more cards whose aggregate
number of pips equals those of the card played.
Combining weight (Chem.), that
proportional weight, usually referred to hydrogen as a standard,
and for each element fixed and exact, by which an element unites
with another to form a distinct compound. The combining weights
either are identical with, or are multiples or multiples of, the
atomic weight. See Atomic weight, under
Atomic, a.
Com*bined" (?), a. United
closely; confederated; chemically united.
Com*bin"ed*ly (?), adv. In combination or
co\'94peration; jointly.
Com*bin"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, combines.
Comb"ing (?), n. 1.
The act or process of using a comb or a number of combs;
as, the combing of one's hair; the combing
of wool.
combing is used in
straightening wool of long staple; short wool is
carded.
2. pl. (a) That which is
caught or collected with a comb, as loose, tangled hair.
(b) Hair arranged to be worn on the head.
The baldness, thinness, and . . . deformity of their hair is
supplied by borders and combings.
Jer. Taylor.
(c) (Naut.) See Coamings.
Combing machine (Textile Manuf.), a
machine for combing wool, flax, cotton, etc., and separating the
longer and more valuable fiber from the shorter. See also
Carding machine, under Carding.
Comb"less, a. Without a comb or crest;
as, a combless ceck.
\'d8Com`bo*lo"io (?), n. A
Mohammedan rosary, consisting of ninety-nine beads.
Byron.
Comb"-shaped` (?), a.
(Bot.) Pectinate.
Com*bust" (?), a. [L.
combustus, p. p. of comburere to burn up;
com- + burere (only in comp.), of uncertian
origin; cf. bustum fineral pyre, prurire to
itch, pruna a live coal, Gr. plush to burn.] 1. Burnt;
consumed. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. (Astron.) So near the sun as to be
obscured or eclipsed by his light, as the moon or planets when
not more than eight degrees and a half from the sun.
[Obs.]
Planets that are oft combust.
Milton.
Com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being combustible.
Com*bus"ti*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
combustble.] 1. Capable of taking
fire and burning; apt to catch fire; inflammable.
Sin is to the soul like fire to combustible
matter.
South.
2. Ea
Arnold was a combustible character.
W. Irving.
Com*bus"ti*ble (?), n. A
substance that may bee set on fire, or which is liable to take
fire and burn.
All such combustibles as are cheap enough for
common use go under the name of fuel.
Ure.
Com*bus"ti*ble*ness, n.
Combustibility.
Com*bus"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
combustio: cf. F. combustion.]
1. The state of burning.
2. (Chem.) The combination of a
combustible with a supporter of combustion, producing heat, and
sometimes both light and heat.
Combustion results is common cases from the mutual
chemical action and reaction of the combustible and the oxygen of
the atmosphere, whereby a new compound is formed.
Ure.
Supporter of combustion (Chem.), a
gas as oxygen, the combination of which with a combustible, as
coal, constitutes combustion.
3. Violent agitation; confusion; tumult.
[Obs.]
There [were] great combustions and divisions among
the heads of the university.
Mede.
But say from whence this new combustion
springs.
Dryden.
Com*bus"tious (?), a.
Inflammable. [Obs.]
Shak.
Come (?), v. i.
[imp. Came (?); p.
p. Come (?); p. pr & vb. n.
Coming.] [OE. cumen,
comen, AS. cuman; akin to
OS.kuman, D. komen, OHG. queman,
G. kommen, Icel. koma, Sw.
komma, Dan. komme, Goth. giman,
L. venire (gvenire), Gr. gam. \'fb23. Cf. Base, n.,
Convene, Adventure.] 1. To
move hitherward; to draw near; to approach the speaker, or some
place or person indicated; -- opposed to go.
Look, who comes yonder?
Shak.
I did not come to curse thee.
Tennyson.
2. To complete a movement toward a place; to
arrive.
When we came to Rome.
Acts xxviii. 16.
Lately come from Italy.
Acts vviii. 2.
3. To approach or arrive, as if by a journey or
form a distance. \'bdThy kingdom come.\'b8
Matt. vi. 10.
The hour is comming, and now is.
John. v. 25.
So quik bright things come to confusion.
Shak.
4. To approach or arrive, as the result of a cause,
or of the act of another.
From whence come wars?
James iv. 1.
Both riches and honor come of thee!
Chron. xxix. 12.
5. To arrive in sight; to be manifest; to appear.
Then butter does refuse to come.
Hudibras.
6. To get to be, as the result of change or
progress; -- with a predicate; as, to come
united.
How come you thus estranged?
Shak.
How come her eyes so bright?
Shak.
Am come, is come, etc., are
frequently used instead of have come, has
come, etc., esp. in poetry. The verb to be gives
adjectival significance to the participle as expressing a state
or condition of the subject, while the auxiliary have
expresses simply the completion of the action signified by the
verb.
Think not that I am come to destroy.
Matt. v. 17.
We are come off like Romans.
Shak.
The melancholy days are come, the saddest of the
year.
Bryant.
Come may properly be used (instead of
go) in speaking of a movement hence, or away, when
there is reference to an approach to the person addressed; as, I
shall come home next week; he will come to
your house to-day. It is used with other verbs almost as an
auxiliary, indicative of approach to the action or state
expressed by the verb; as, how came you to do it?
Come is used colloquially, with reference to a
definite future time approaching, without an auxilliary; as, it
will be two years, come next Christmas; i.
e., when Christmas shall come.
They were cried
In meeting, come next Sunday.
Lowell.
Come, in the imperative, is used to excite attention,
or to invite to motion or joint action; come, let us
go. \'bdThis is the heir; come, let us kill him.\'b8
Matt. xxi. 38. When repeated, it sometimes expresses
haste, or impatience, and sometimes rebuke. \'bdCome,
come, no time for lamentation now.\'b8
Milton.
To come, yet to arrive, future. \'bdIn times
to come.\'b8 Dryden. \'bdThere's pippins
and cheese to come.\'b8 Shak. -- To come
about. (a) To come to pass; to arrive; to
happen; to result; as, how did these things come
about? (b) To change; to come round; as,
the ship comes about. \'bdThe wind is come
about.\'b8 Shak.
On better thoughts, and my urged reasons,
They are come about, and won to the true side.
B. Jonson.
-- To come abroad. (a) To move or be away
from one's home or country. \'bdAm come abroad to
see the world.\'b8 Shak. (b) To become public
or known. [Obs.] \'bdNeither was anything kept
secret, but that it should come abroad.\'b8 Mark.
iv. 22. -- To come across, to meet; to find,
esp. by chance or suddenly. \'bdWe come across more
than one incidental mention of those wars.\'b8 E. A.
Freeman. \'bdWagner's was certainly one of the strongest and
most independent natures I ever came across.\'b8
H. R. Heweis. -- To come after. (a)
To follow. (b) To come to take or to
obtain; as, to come after a book. -- To come
again, to return. \'bdHis spirit came
again and he revived.\'b8 Judges. xv. 19.
-- To come and go. (a) To appear and
disappear; to change; to alternate. \'bdThe color of the
king doth come and go.\'b8 Shak. (b)
(Mech.) To play backward and forward. --
To come at. (a) To reach; to arrive
within reach of; to gain; as, to come at a true
knowledge of ourselves. (b) To come toward; to
attack; as, he came at me with fury. -- To
come away, to part or depart. -- To come
between, to interverne; to separate; hence, to cause
estrangement. -- To come by. (a) To
obtain, gain, acquire. \'bdExamine how you came
by all your state.\'b8 Dryden. (b) To
pass near or by way of. -- To come down.
(a) To descend. (b) To be
humbled. -- To come down upon, to call to
account, to reprimand. [Colloq.]
Dickens. -- To come home. (a) To
retuen to one's house or family. (b) To come
close; to press closely; to touch the feelings, interest, or
reason. (b) (Naut.) To be loosened
from the ground; -- said of an anchor. -- To come
in. (a) To enter, as a town, house, etc.
\'bdThe thief cometh in.\'b8 Hos. vii. 1.
(b) To arrive; as, when my ship comes
in. (c) To assume official station or
duties; as, when Lincoln came in. (d) To
comply; to yield; to surrender. \'bdWe need not fear his
coming in\'b8 Massinger. (e) To
be brought into use. \'bdSilken garments did not come
in till late.\'b8 Arbuthnot. (f) To
be added or inserted; to be or become a part of.
(g) To accrue as gain from any business or
investment. (h) To mature and yield a harvest;
as, the crops come in well. (i)
To have sexual intercourse; -- with to or
unto. Gen. xxxviii. 16. (j)
To have young; to bring forth; as, the cow will come
in next May. [U. S.] -- To come
in for, to claim or receive. \'bdThe rest
came in for subsidies.\'b8 Swift. -- To
come into, to join with; to take part in; to agree to;
to comply with; as, to come into a party or
scheme. -- To come it ever, to hoodwink;
to get the advantage of. [Colloq.] --
To come near or nigh,
to approach in place or quality to be equal to.
\'bdNothing ancient or modern seems to come near
it.\'b8 Sir W. Temple. -- To come of.
(a) To descend or spring from.
\'bdOf Priam's royal race my mother
came.\'b8 Dryden. (b) To result
or follow from. \'bdThis comes of judging by the
eye.\'b8 L'Estrange. -- To come off.
(a) To depart or pass off from. (b)
To get free; to get away; to escape. (c) To
be carried through; to pass off; as, it came off
well. (d) To acquit one's self; to issue from
(a contest, etc.); as, he came off with honor; hence,
substantively, a come off, an escape; an excuse; an
evasion. [Colloq.] (e) To pay
over; to give. [Obs.] (f) To take
place; to happen; as, when does the race come
off? (g) To be or become after some
delay; as, the weather came off very fine.
(h) To slip off or be taken off, as a garment; to
separate. (i) To hurry away; to get
through. Chaucer. -- To come off by,
to suffer. [Obs.] \'bdTo come off
by the worst.\'b8 Calamy. -- To come off
from, to leave. \'bdTo come off from
these grave disquisitions.\'b8 Felton. -- To come
on. (a) To advance; to make progress; to
thrive. (b) To move forward; to approach; to
supervene. -- To come out. (a) To
pass out or depart, as from a country, room, company, etc.
\'bdThey shall come out with great substance.\'b8
Gen. xv. 14. (b) To become public; to
appear; to be published. \'bdIt is indeed come
out at last.\'b8 Bp. Stillingfleet. (c)
To end; to result; to turn out; as, how will this affair
come out? he has come out well at
last. (d) To be introduced into society;
as, she came out two seasons ago.
(e) To appear; to show itself; as, the sun
came out. (f) To take sides; to
take a stand; as, he came out against the
tariff.<-- (g) To publicly admit oneself to be
homosexual. --> -- To come out with, to give
publicity to; to disclose. -- To come over.
(a) To pass from one side or place to another.
\'bdPerpetually teasing their friends to come over to
them.\'b8 Addison. (b) To rise and pass
over, in distillation. -- To come over to, to
join. -- To come round. (a) To recur
in regular course. (b) To recover.
[Colloq.] (c) To change, as the
wind. (d) To relent. J. H.
Newman. (e) To circumvent; to wheedle.
[Colloq.] -- To come short, to be
deficient; to fail of attaining. \'bdAll have sinned and
come short of the glory of God.\'b8 Rom. iii.
23. -- To come to. (a) To consent or
yield. Swift. (b) (Naut.) (with
the accent on to) To luff; to brin the ship's head
nearer the wind; to anchor. (c) (with the accent on
to) To recover, as from a swoon. (d)
To arrive at; to reach. (e) To amount to;
as, the taxes come to a large sum.
(f) To fall to; to be received by, as an
inheritance. Shak. -- To come to blows.
See under Blow. -- To come to grief.
See under Grief. -- To come to a
head. (a) To suppurate, as a boil.
(b) To mature; to culminate; as a plot. --
To come to one's self, to recover one's
senses. -- To come to pass, to happen; to
fall out. -- To come to the scratch. (a)
(Prize Fighting) To step up to the scratch or mark
made in the ring to be toed by the combatants in beginning a
contest; hence: (b) To meet an antagonist or a
difficulty bravely. [Colloq.] -- To come
to time. (a) (Prize Fighting) To
come forward in order to resume the contest when the interval
allowed for rest is over and \'bdtime\'b8 is called; hence:
(b) To keep an appointment; to meet
expectations. [Colloq.] -- To come
together. (a) To meet for business, worship,
etc.; to assemble. Acts i. 6. (b) To
live together as man and wife. Matt. i. 18. --
To come true, to happen as predicated or
expected. -- To come under, to belong to, as
an individual to a class. -- To come up
(a) to ascend; to rise. (b) To be
brought up; to arise, as a question. (c) To
spring; to shoot or rise above the earth, as a plant.
(d) To come into use, as a fashion. -- To
come up the capstan (Naut.), to turn it the
contrary way, so as to slacken the rope about it. -- To
come up the tackle fall (Naut.), to slacken
the tackle gently. Totten. -- To come up
to, to rise to; to equal. -- To come up
with, to overtake or reach by pursuit. -- To
come upon. (a) To befall. (b)
To attack or invade. (c) To have a claim
upon; to become dependent upon for support; as, to come
upon the town. (d) To light or chance
upon; to find; as, to come upon hid
treasure.
Come (?), v. t. To carry
through; to succeed in; as, you can't come any
tricks here. [Slang]
To come it, to succeed in a trick of any sort.
[Slang]
Come, n. Coming.
Chaucer.
Co-med"dle (?), v. t. To mix;
to mingle, to temper. [Obs.]
Shak.
Co*me"di*an (?), n. [Cf. F.
com\'82dien.] 1. An actor or
player in comedy. \'bdThe famous comedian,
Roscius.\'b8
Middleton.
2. A writer of comedy.
Milton.
\'d8Co*m\'82`di*enne" (?), n.
[F., fem. of com.] A women who
plays in comedy.
\'d8Co*me`di*et"ta (?), n.
[It.] A dramatic sketch; a brief comedy.
\'d8Com"e*do (?), n.; pl.
Comedones (#). [L., a glutton. See
Comestible.] (Med.) A small nodule
or cystic tumor, common on the nose, etc., which on pressure
allows the escape of a yellow wormlike mass of retained oily
secretion, with a black head (dirt).
Come"down` (?), n. A downfall;
an humillation. [Colloq.]
Com"e*dy (?), n.; pl.
Comedies (#). [F.
com\'82die, L. comoedia, fr. Gr. home) + Home, and Ode.]
A dramatic composition, or representation of a bright and
amusing character, based upon the foibles of individuals, the
manners of society, or the ludicrous events or accidents of life;
a play in which mirth predominates and the termination of the
plot is happy; -- opposed to tragedy.
With all the vivacity if comedy.
Macaulay.
Are come to play a pleasant comedy.
Shak.
Come"li*ly (?), adv. In a
suitable or becoming manner. [R.]
Sherwood.
<-- p. 283 -->
Come"li*ness (?), n. [See
Comely.] The quality or state of being
comely.
Comeliness is a disposing fair
Of things and actions in fit time and place.
Sir J. Davies.
Strength, comeliness of shape, or amplest
merit.
Milton.
Comeliness signifies something less forcible than
beauty, less elegant than grace, and less light than
prettiness.
Johnson.
Come"ly (?), a.
[Compar. Comelier (?);
superl. Comeliest.] [OE.
comeliche, AS. cyml\'c6c; cyme
suitable (fr. cuman to come, become) +
l\'c6c like.] 1. Pleasing or
agreeable to the sight; well-proportioned; good-looking;
handsome.
He that is comely when old and decrepit, surely was
very beautiful when he was young.
South.
Not once perceive their foul disfigurement
But boast themselves more comely than before.
Milton.
2. Suitable or becoming; proper; agreeable.
This is a happier and more comely time
Than when these fellows ran about the streets,
Crying confusion.
Shak.
It is good to sing praises unto our God; for it is pleasant;
and praise is comely.
Ps. cxlvii. 1.
Come"ly, adv. In a becoming
manner.
Ascham.
Come-out"er (?), n. One who
comes out or withdraws from a religious or other organization; a
radical reformer. [Colloq. U. S.]
Com"er (?), n. One who comes,
or who has come; one who has arrived, and is present.
All comers, all who come, or offer, to take
part in a matter, especially in a contest or controversy. \'bdTo
prove it against all comers.\'b8
Bp. Stillingfleet.
\'d8Co"mes (?), n. [L., a
companion.] (Mus.) The answer to the theme
(dux) in a fugue.
Com`es*sa"tion (?), n. [L.
comissatio, comessatio.] A
reveling; a rioting. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Co*mes"ti*ble (?), a. [F.
comestible, fr. L. comesus,
comestus, p. p. pf comedere to eat;
com- + edere to eat.] Suitable
to be eaten; eatable; esculent.
Some herbs are most comestible.
Sir T. Elyot.
Co*mes"ti*ble, n. Something suitable to
be eaten; -- commonly in the plural.
Thackeray.
Com"et (?), n. [L.
cometes, cometa, from Gr. coma: cf. F. com\'8ate.]
(Astron.) A member of the solar system which
usually moves in an elongated orbit, approaching very near to the
sun in its perihelion, and receding to a very great distance from
it at its aphelion. A comet commonly consists of three parts: the
nucleus, the envelope, or coma, and the tail; but one or more of
these parts is frequently wanting. See Illustration in
Appendix.
\'d8Com`e*ta"ri*um (?), n.
[NL.] (Astron.) An instrument,
intended to represent the revolution of a comet round the
sun.
Hutton.
Com"et*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
com\'82taire.] Pertaining to, or
resembling, a comet.
Cheyne.
{ Com"et-find`er (?), Com"et-seek`er (?) }, n.
(Astron.) A telescope of low power, having a
large field of view, used for finding comets.
Co*met"ic (?), a. Relating to a
comet.
Com`et*og"ra*pher (?), n. One
who describes or writes about comets.
Com`et*og"ra*phy (?), n.
[Comet + -graphy: cf. F.
com\'82tographie.] A description of, or a
treatise concerning, comets.
Com`et*ol"l*gy (?), n.
[Comet + -logy.] The
department of astronomy relating to comets.
Com"fit (?), n. [F.
confit, prop. a p. p., fr. confire to
preserve, pickle, fr. L. conficere to prepare;
con- + facere to make. See Fact,
and cf. Confect.] A dry sweetmeat; any kind
of fruit, root, or seed preserved with sugar and dried; a
confection.
Com"fit, v. t. To preserve dry with
sugar.
The fruit which does so quickly waste, . . .
Thou comfitest in sweets to make it last.
Cowley.
Com"fi*ture (?; 135), n. [F.
confiture; cf. LL. confecturae sweetmeats,
confectura a preparing. See Comfit, and cf.
Confiture.] See Comfit,
n.
Com"fort (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Comforted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Comforting.] [F.
conforter, fr. L. confortare to strengthen
much; con- + fortis strong. See
Fort.] 1. To make strong; to
invigorate; to fortify; to corroborate. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
God's own testimony . . . doth not a little comfort
and confirm the same.
Hooker.
2. To assist or help; to aid.
[Obs.]
I . . . can not help the noble chevalier:
God comfort him in this necessity!
Shak.
3. To impart strength and hope to; to encourage; to
relieve; to console; to cheer,
Light excelleth in comforting the spirits of
men.
Bacon.
That we may be adle to comfort them that are in any
affliction.
2 Cor. i. 4. (Rev. Ver. ).
A perfect woman, nobly planned,
To warn, to comfort, and command.
Wordsworth.
Syn. -- To cheer; solace; console; revive; encourage;
enliven; invigorate; inspirit, gladden; recreate; exhilarate;
refresh; animate; confirm; strengthen. -- To
Comfort, Console, Solace. These verbs all
suppose some antecedent state of suffering or sorrow.
Console in confined to the act giving sympathetic
relief to the mind under affliction or sorrow, and points to some
definite source of that relief; as, the presence of his friend
consoled him; he was much consoled by this
intelligence. The act of consoling commonly implies the
inculcation of resignation. Comfort points to relief
afforded by the communication of positive pleasure, hope, and
strength, as well as by the diminution of pain; as, \'bdThey
brought the young man alive, and were not a little
comforted.\'b8
Acts xx. 12.
Solace is from L. solacium, which
means according to Dumesnil, consolation inwardly felt or applied
to the case of the sufferer. Hence, the verb to solace
denotes the using of things for the purpose of affording relief
under sorrow or suffering; as, to solace one's self
with reflections, with books, or with active employments.
Com"fort (?), n. [OF.
confort, fr. conforter.] 1.
Assistance; relief; support. [Obs. except in the
phrase \'bdaid and comfort.\'b8 See 5 below.]
Shak.
2. Encouragement; solace; consolation in trouble;
also, that which affords consolation.
In comfort of her mother's fears.
Shak.
Cheer thy spirit with this comfort.
Shak.
Speaking words of endearment where words of comfort
availed not.
Longfellow.
3. A state of quiet enjoyment; freedom from pain,
want, or anxiety; also, whatever contributes to such a
condition.
I had much joy and comfort in thy love.
Phil. 7 (Rev. Ver. ).
He had the means of living in comfort.
Macaulay.
4. A wadded bedquilt; a comfortable.
[U. S.]
5. (Law) Unlawful support, countenance,
or encouragement; as, to give aid and comfort to the
enemy.
Syn. -- Comfort, Consolation.
Comfort has two meanings: 1. Strength
and relief received under affliction; 2. Positive
enjoyment, of a quiet, permanent nature, together with the
sources thereof; as, the comfort of love; surrounded
with comforts; but it is with the former only that the
word consolation is brought into comparison. As thus
compared, consolation points to some specific source
of relief for the afflicted mind; as, the consolations
of religion. Comfort supposes the relief to be
afforded by imparting positive enjoyment, as well as a diminution
of pain. \'bdConsolation, or comfort,
signifies some alleviation to that pain to which it is not in our
power to afford the proper and adequate remedy; they imply rather
an augmentation of the power of bearing, than a diminution of the
burden.\'b8
Johnson.
Com"fort*a*ble (?), a. [OF.
confortable.] 1. Strong; vigorous;
valiant. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Thy conceit is nearer death than thy powers. For my sake be
comfortable; hold death a while at the arm's end.
Shak.
2. Serviceable; helpful. [Obs.]
Be comfortable to my mother, your mistress, and
make much of her.
Shak.
3. Affording or imparting comfort or consolation;
able to comfort; cheering; as, a comfortable
hope. \'bdKind words and comfortable.\'b8
Cowper.
A comfortable provision made for their
subsistence.
Dryden.
4. In a condition of comfort; having comforts; not
suffering or anxious; hence, contented; cheerful; as, to lead
a comfortable life.
My lord leans wondrously to discontent;
His comfortable temper has forsook him:
He is much out of health.
Shak.
5. Free, or comparatively free, from pain or
distress; -- used of a sick person. [U. S.]
Com"fort*a*ble, n. A stuffed or quilted
coverlet for a bed; a comforter; a comfort. [U.
S.]
Com"fort*a*ble*ness, n. State of being
comfortable or comforting manner.
Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem.
Is. xl. 2.
Com"fort*er (?), n. 1.
One who administers comfort or consolation.
Let no comforter delight mine ear
But such a one whose wrongs do suit with mine.
Shak.
2. (Script.) The Holy Spirit, --
reffering to his office of comforting believers.
But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom
the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all
things.
John xiv. 26.
3. A knit woolen tippet, long and narrow.
[U. S.]
The American schoolboy takes off his comforter and
unbuttons his jacket before going in for a snowball fight.
Pop. Sci. Monthly.
4. A wadded bedquilt; a comfortable.
[U. S.]
Job's comforter, a boil.
[Colloq.]
Com"fort*less, a. Without comfort or
comforts; in want or distress; cheerless.
Comfortless through turanny or might.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Forlorn; desolate; cheerless; inconsolable;
disconsolate; wretched; miserable.
-- Com"fort*less*ly, adv. --
Com"fort*less*ness, n.
When all is coldly, comfortlessly costly.
Milton.
Com"fort*ment (?), n. Act or
process of administering comfort. [Obs.]
The gentle comfortment and entertainment of the
said embassador.
Hakluyt.
Com"fort*ress (?), n. A woman
who comforts.
To be your comfortress, and to preserve you.
B. Jonson.
Com"frey (?), n. [Prob. from F.
conferve, L. conferva, fr.
confervere to boil together, in medical language, to
heal, grow together. So called on account of its healing power,
for which reason it was also called consolida.]
(Bot.) A rough, hairy, perennial plant of several
species, of the genus Symphytum.
S. officinale) is used in
cough mixtures, etc.; and the gigantic \'bdprickly comfrey\'b8
(S. asperrimum) is somewhat cultivated as a forage
plant.
Com"ic (?), a. [L.
comicus pertaining to comedy, Gr. comique. See Comedy.] 1.
Relating to comedy, as distinct from tragedy.
I can not for the stage a drama lay,
Tragic or comic, but thou writ'st the play.
B. Jonson.
2. Causing mirth; ludicrous.
\'bdComic shows.\'b8
Shak.
Com"ic, n. A comedian.
[Obs.]
Steele.
Com"ic*al (?), a. 1.
Relating to comedy.
They deny it to be tragical because its catastrphe is a
wedding, which hath ever been accounted comical.
Gay.
2. Exciting mirth; droll; laughable; as, a
comical story. \'bdComical
adventures.\'b8
Dryden.
Syn. -- Humorous; laughable; funny. See
Droll.
-- Com"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Com"ic*al"ness, n.
Com`i*cal"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Comicalities (#). The quality of
being comical; something comical.
Com"ic*ry (?), n. The power of
exciting mirth; comicalness. [R.]
H. Giles.
Com"ing (?), a. 1.
Approaching; of the future, especially the near future; the
next; as, the coming week or year; the
coming exhibition.
Welcome the coming, speed the parting, guest.
Pope.
Your coming days and years.
Byron.
2. Ready to come; complaisant; fond.
[Obs.]
Pope.
Com"ing, n. 1. Approach;
advent; manifestation; as, the coming of the
train.
2. Specifically: The Second Advent of Christ.
Coming in. (a) Entrance;
entrance way; manner of entering; beginning. \'bdThe goings
out thereof, and the comings in thereof.\'b8
Ezek. xliii. 11
(b) Income or revenue. \'bdWhat are thy
comings in?\'b8
Shak.
\'d8Co*mi"ti*a (?), n.,
pl. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) A
public assembly of the Roman people for electing officers or
passing laws.
comitia:
comitia curiata, or assembly of the patricians, who
voted in curi\'91; comitia centuriata, or assembly of
the whole Roman people, who voted by centuries; and comitia
tributa, or assembly of the plebeians according to their
division into tribes.
Co*mi"tial (?), a. [L.
comitialis.] Relating to the comitia, or
popular assembles of the Romans for electing officers and passing
laws.
Middleton.
Com"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Comities (#). [L.
comitas, fr. comis courteous, kind.]
Mildness and suavity of manners; courtesy between equals;
friendly equals; friendly civility; as, comity of
manners; the comity of States.
Comity of nations (International Law),
the courtesy by which nations recognize within their own
territory, or in their courts, the peculiar institutions of
another nation or the rights and privileges acquired by its
citizens in their own land. By some authorities private
international law rests on this comity, but the better opinion is
that it is part of the common law of the land, and hence is
obligatory as law.
Syn. -- Civility; good breeding; courtesy; good will.
Com"ma (?), n. [L.
comma part of a sentence, comma, Gr. Capon.] 1. A
character or point [,] marking the smallest divisions of a
sentence, written or printed.
2. (Mus.) A small interval (the
difference beyween a major and minor half step), seldom used
except by tuners.
Comma bacillus (Physiol.), a
variety of bacillus shaped like a comma, found in the intestines
of patients suffering from cholera. It is considered by some as
having a special relation to the disease; -- called also
cholera bacillus. -- Comma
butterfly (Zo\'94l.), an American butterfly
(Grapta comma), having a white comma-shaped marking on
the under side of the wings.
Com*mand" (?; 61), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commanded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Commanding.] [OE.
comaunden, commanden, OF.
comander, F. commander, fr. L.
com- + mandare to commit to, to command.
Cf. Commend, Mandate.] 1.
To order with authority; to lay injunction upon; to direct;
to bid; to charge.
We are commanded to forgive our enemies, but you
never read that we are commanded to forgive our
friends.
Bacon.
Go to your mistress:
Say, I command her come to me.
Shak.
2. To exercise direct authority over; to have
control of; to have at one's disposal; to lead.
Monmouth commanded the English auxiliaries.
Macaulay.
Such aid as I can spare you shall command.
Shak.
3. To have within a sphere of control, influence,
access, or vision; to dominate by position; to guard; to
overlook.
Bridges commanded by a fortified house.
Motley.
Up to the eastern tower,
Whose height commands as subject all the vale.
Shak.
One side commands a view of the finest garden.
Addison.
4. To have power or influence of the nature of
authority over; to obtain as if by ordering; to reeceive as a
due; to challenge; to claim; as, justice commands
the respect and affections of the people; the best goods
command the best price.
'Tis not in mortals to command success.
Addison.
5. To direct to come; to bestow.
[Obs.]
I will command my blessing upon you.
Lev. xxv. 21.
Syn. -- To bid; order; direct; dictate; charge; govern;
rule; overlook.
Com*mand", v. i. 1. To have or
to exercise direct authority; to govern; to sway; to influence;
to give an order or orders.
And reigned, commanding in his monarchy.
Shak.
For the king had so commanded concerning
[Haman].
Esth. iii. 2.
2. To have a view, as from a superior
position.
Far and wide his eye commands.
Milton.
Com*mand", n. 1. An
authoritative order requiring obedience; a mandate; an
injunction.
A waiting what command their mighty chief
Had to impose.
Milton.
2. The possession or exercise of authority.
Command and force may often create, but can never
cure, an aversion.
Locke.
3. Authority; power or right of control;
leadership; as, the forces under his
command.
4. Power to dominate, command, or overlook by means
of position; scope of vision; survey.
Te steepy stand
Which overlooks the vale with wide command.
Dryden.
5. Control; power over something; sway; influence;
as, to have command over one's temper or voice; the
fort has command of the bridge.
He assumed an absolute command over his
readers.
Druden.
6. A body of troops, or any naval or military force
or post, or the whole territory under the authority or control of
a particular officer.
<-- p. 284 -->
Word of command (Mil.), a word or
phrase of definite and established meaning, used in directing the
movements of soldiers; as, aim; fire;
shoulder arms, etc.
Syn. -- Control; sway; power; authority; rule; dominion;
sovereignty; mandate; order; injunction; charge; behest. See
Direction.
Com*mand"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being commanded.
Com`man*dant" (?), n. [F.,
orig. p. pr. of commander.] A commander;
the commanding officer of a place, or of a body of men; as,
the commandant of a navy-yard.
Com*mand"a*to*ry (?), a.
Mandatory; as, commandatory
authority. [Obs.]
Com*mand"er (?), n. [Cf. F.
commandeur. Cf. Commodore,
Commender.] 1. A chief; one who has
supreme authority; a leader; the chief officer of an army, or of
any division of it.
A leader and commander to the people.
Is. lv. 4.
2. (Navy) An officer who ranks next
below a captain, -- ranking with a lieutenant colonel in the
army.
3. The chief officer of a commandery.
4. A heavy beetle or wooden mallet, used in paving,
in sail lofts, etc.
Commander in chief, the military title of the
officer who has supreme command of the land or naval forces or
the united forces of a nation or state; a generalissimo. The
President is commander in chief of the army and navy of
the United States.
Syn. -- See Chief.
Com*mand"er*ship, n. The office of a
commander.
Com*mand"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Commanderies (#). [F.
commanderie.] 1. The office or
rank of a commander. [Obs.]
2. A district or a manor with lands and tenements
appertaining thereto, under the control of a member of an order
of knights who was called a commander; -- called also
a preceptory.
3. An assembly or lodge of Knights Templars (so
called) among the Freemasons. [U. S.]
4. A district under the administration of a
military commander or governor. [R.]
Brougham.
Com*mand"ing, a. 1. Exercising
authority; actually in command; as, a commanding
officer.
2. Fitted to impress or control; as, a
commanding look or presence.
3. Exalted; overlooking; having superior strategic
advantages; as, a commanding position.
Syn. -- Authoritative; imperative; imperious.
Com*mand"ing*ly, adv. In a commanding
manner.
Com*mand"ment (?), n. [OF.
commandement, F. commandement.]
1. An order or injunction given by authority; a
command; a charge; a precept; a mandate.
A new commandment I give unto you, that ye love one
another.
John xiii. 34.
2. (Script.) One of the ten laws or
precepts given by God to the Israelites at Mount Sinai.
3. The act of commanding; exercise of
authority.
And therefore put I on the countenance
Of stern commandment.
Shak.
4. (Law) The offense of commanding or
inducing another to violate the law.
The Commandments, The Ten
Commandments, the Decalogue, or summary of God's
commands, given to Moses at Mount Sinai. (Ex.
xx.)
Com*mand"ress (?), n. A woman
invested with authority to command.
Hooker.
Com*mand"ry (?), n. See
Commandery.
Com"mark` (?), n. [Of.
comarque, or LL. commarca,
commarcha; com- + marcha,
boundary. See March a confine.] The frontier
of a country; confines. [Obs.]
Shelton.
Com`ma*te"ri*al (?), a.
Consisting of the same material. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Com*mat"ic (?), a. [L.
commaticus, Gr. Comma.]
Having short clauses or sentences; brief; concise.
Com"ma*tism (?), n. [See
Commatic.] Conciseness in writing.
Bp. Horsley.
Com*meas"ur*a*ble (?), a. [Cf.
Commensurable.] Having the same measure;
commensurate; proportional.
She being now removed by death, a commeasurable
grief took as full possession of him as joy had one.
I. Walton.
Com*meas"ure (?), v. t. To be
commensurate with; to equal.
Tennyson.
Com*mem"o*ra"ble (?), a. [L.
commemorabilis.] Worthy to be
commemorated.
Com*mem"o*rate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commemorated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Commemorating.]
[L. commemoratus, p. p. of commemorare
to remember; com- + memorare to mention,
fr. memor mindful. See Memory.] To
call to remembrance by a special act or observance; to celebrate
with honor and solemnity; to honor, as a person or event, by some
act of respect of affection, intended to preserve the remembrance
of the person or event; as, to commemorate the
sufferings and dying love of our Savior by the sacrament of the
Lord's Supper; to commemorate the Declaration of
Independence by the observance of the Fourth of July.
We are called upon to commemorate a revolution.
Atterbury.
Syn. -- See Celebrate.
Com*mem`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
commemoratio.] 1. The act of
commemorating; an observance or celebration designed to honor the
memory of some person or event.
This sacrament was designed to be a standing
commemoration of the death and passion of our
Lord.
Abp. Tillotson.
The commonwealth which . . . chooses the most flagrant act of
murderous regicide treason for a feast of eternal
commemoration.
Burke.
2. Whatever serves the purpose of commemorating; a
memorial.
Commemoration day, at the University of
Oxford, Eng., an annual observance or ceremony in honor of the
benefactors of the University, at which time honorary degrees are
conferred.
Com*mem"o*ra*tive (?), a.
Tending or intended to commemorate. \'bdA sacrifice
commemorative of Christ's offering up his body for
us.\'b8
Hammond.
An inscription commemorative of his victory.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
Com*mem"o*ra`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who commemorates.
Com*mem"o*ra*to*ry (?), a.
Serving to commemorate; commomerative.
Bp. Hooper.
Com*mence" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Commenced
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Commencing.] [F. commencer,
OF. commencier, fr. L. com- +
initiare to begin. See Initiate.]
1. To have a beginning or origin; to originate; to
start; to begin.
Here the anthem doth commence.
Shak.
His heaven commences ere the world be past.
Goldsmith.
2. To begin to be, or to act as.
[Archaic]
We commence judges ourselves.
Coleridge.
3. To take a degree at a university.
[Eng.]
I question whether the formality of commencing was
used in that age.
Fuller.
Com*mence", v. t. To enter upon; to
begin; to perform the first act of.
Many a wooer doth commence his suit.
Shak.
to) after
commence; as, he commenced studying, not he
commenced to study.
Com*mence"ment (?), n. [F.
comencement.] 1. The first
existence of anything; act or fact of commencing; rise; origin;
beginnig; start.
The time of Henry VII . . . nearly coincides with the
commencement of what is termed \'bdmodern
history.\'b8
2. The day when degrees are conferred by colleges
and universities upon students and others.
Com*mend" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commended; p.
pr. & vb. n. Commending.] [L.
commendare; com- + mandare to
intrust to one's charge, enjoin, command. Cf. Command,
Mandate.] 1. To commit, intrust, or
give in charge for care or preservation.
His eye commends the leading to his hand.
Shak.
Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit.
Luke xxiii. 46.
2. To recommend as worthy of confidence or regard;
to present as worthy of notice or favorable attention.
Among the objects of knowlwdge, two especially
commend themselves to our contemplation.
Sir M. Hale.
I commend unto you Phebe our sister.
Rom. xvi. 1.
3. To mention with approbation; to praise; as,
to commend a person or an act.
Historians commend Alexander for weeping when he
read the actions of Achilles.
Dryden.
4. To mention by way of courtesy, implying
remembrance and good will. [Archaic]
Commend me to my brother.
Shak.
Com*mend", n. 1. Commendation;
praise. [Obs.]
Speak in his just commend.
Shak.
2. pl. Compliments; greetings.
[Obs.]
Hearty commends and much endeared love to you.
Howell.
Com*mend"a*ble (?), a.
(Formerly accented on the first syllable.) [L.
commendabilis.] Worthy of being commended
or praised; laudable; praiseworthy.
Order and decent ceremonies in the church are not only comely
but commendable.
Bacon.
-- Com*mend"a*ble*ness, n. --
Com*mend"a*bly, adv.
Com*men"dam (?), n. [LL. dare
in commendam to give into trust.] (Eng.
Eccl. Law) A vacant living or benefice commended to a
cleric (usually a bishop) who enjoyed the revenue until a pastor
was provided. A living so held was said to be held in
commendam. The practice was abolished by law in 1836.
There was [formerly] some sense for commendams.
Selden.
Partnership in commendam. See under
Partnership.
Com*mend"a*ta*ry (?), n. [Cf.
F. commendataire, LL.
commendatarius.] One who holds a living
in commendam.
Com`men*da"tion (?), n. [L.
commendatio.] 1. The act of
commending; praise; favorable representation in words;
recommendation.
Need we . . . epistles of commendatiom?
2 Cor. iii. 1.
By the commendation of the great officers.
Bacon.
2. That which is the ground of approbation or
praise.
Good nature is the most godlike commendation of a
man.
Dryden.
3. pl. A message of affection or
respect; compliments; greeting. [Obs.]
Hark you, Margaret;
No princely commendations to my king?
Shak.
Com*mend"a*tor (? , n.
[LL.] One who holds a benefice in commendam; a
commendatary.
Chalmers.
Com*mend"a*to*ry (?), a. [L.
commendatorius.] 1. Serving to
commend; containing praise or commendation; commending;
praising. \'bdCommendatory verses.\'b8
Pope.
2. Holding a benefice in commendam;
as, a commendatory bishop.
Burke.
Commendatory prayer (Book of Common
Prayer), a prayer read over the dying. \'bdThe
commendatory prayer was said for him, and, as it ended,
he [William III.] died.\'b8
Bp. Burnet.
Com*mend"a*to*ry, n. A commendation;
eulogy. [R.] \'bdCommendatories to
our affection.\'b8
Sharp.
Com*mend"er (?), n. One who
commends or praises.
Com*men"sal (?), n. [LL.
commensalis; L. com- + mensa
table: cf. F. commensal. Cf. Mensal.]
1. One who eats at the same table.
[Obs.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) An animal, not truly
parasitic, which lives in with, or on, another, partaking usually
of the same food. Both species may be benefited by the
association.
Com*men"sal (?), a. Having the
character of a commensal.
Com*men"sal*ism (?), n. The act
of eating together; table fellowship.
Com`men*sal"i*ty (?), n.
Fellowship at table; the act or practice of eating at the
same table. [Obs.] \'bdPromiscuous
commensality.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Com`men*sa"tion (?), n.
Commensality. [Obs.]
Daniel . . . declined pagan commensation.
Sir T. Browne.
Com*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n.
[Cf. F. commensurabilite.] The quality
of being commersurable.
Sir T. Browne.
Com*men"su*ra*ble (?), a. [L.
commensurabilis; pref. com- +
mensurable. See Commensurate, and cf.
Commeasurable.] Having a common measure;
capable of being exactly measured by the same number, quantity,
or measure. -- Com*men"su*ra*ble*ness,
n.
Commensurable numbers quantities (Math.), those that
can be exactly expressed by some common unit; thus a foot and
yard are commensurable, since both can be expressed in
terms of an inch, one being 12 inches, the other 36 inches.
-- Numbers, Quantities,
commensurable in power, those whose squares
are commensurable.
Com*men"su*ra*bly (?), adv. In
a commensurable manner; so as to be commensurable.
Com*men"su*rate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commensurated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Commensurating.]
[Pref. com- + mensurate.]
1. To reduce to a common measure.
Sir T. Browne.
2. To proportionate; to adjust.
T. Puller
Com*men"su*rate (?), a. 1.
Having a common measure; commensurable; reducible to a
common measure; as, commensurate
quantities.
2. Equal in measure or extent; proportionate.
Those who are persuaded that they shall continue forever, can
not choose but aspire after a hapiness commensurate to
their duration.
Tillotson.
Com*men"su*rate*ly, adv. 1. In
a commensurate manner; so as to be equal or proportionate;
adequately.
2. With equal measure or extent.
Goodwin.
Com*men"su*rate*ness, n. The state or
quality of being commensurate.
Foster.
Com*men`su*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. commensuration.] The act of
commensurating; the state of being commensurate.
All fitness lies in a particular commensuration, or
proportion of one thing to another.
South.
Com"ment (?; 277), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Commented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Commenting.] [F.
commenter, L. commentary to meditate upon,
explain, v. intens, of comminisci,
commentus, to reflect upon, invent; com- +
the root of meminisse to remember, mens
mind. See Mind.] To make remarks,
observations, or criticism; especially, to write notes on the
works of an author, with a view to illustrate his meaning, or to
explain particular passages; to write annotations; -- often
followed by on or upon.
A physician to comment on your malady.
Shak.
Critics . . . proceed to comment on him.
Dryden.
I must translate and comment.
Pope.
Com"ment, v. t. To comment on.
[Archaic.]
Fuller.
Com"ment, n. [Cf. OF.
comment.] 1. A remark,
observation, or criticism; gossip; discourse; talk.
Their lavish comment when her name was named.
Tennyson.
2. A note or observation intended to explain,
illustrate, or criticise the meaning of a writing, book, etc.;
explanation; annotation; exposition.
All the volumes of philosophy,
With all their comments.
Prior.
Com"men*ta*ry (?), n.; pl.
Commentaries (#). [L.
commentarius, commentarium, note book,
commentary: cf. F. commentaire. See Comment,
v. i.] 1. A series of comments or
annotations; esp., a book of explanations or expositions on the
whole or a part of the Scriptures or of some other work.
This letter . . . was published by him with a severe
commentary.
Hallam.
2. A brief account of transactions or events
written hastily, as if for a memorandum; -- usually in the
plural; as, Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic
War.
Com"men*tate (?), v. t. & i.
[L. commentatus, p. p. of commentari
to meditate.] To write comments or notes upon; to make
comments. [R.]
Commentate upon it, and return it enriched.
Lamb.
Com`men*ta"tion (?), n. 1.
The act or process of commenting or criticising;
exposition. [R.]
The spirit of commentation.
Whewell.
2. The result of the labors of a commentator.
Com"men*ta`tor (?), n. [L.
commentator: cf. F. commentateur.]
One who writes a commentary or comments; an expositor; an
annotator.
The commentator's professed object is to explain,
to enforce, to illustrate doctrines claimed as true.
Whewell.
Com`men*ta*to"ri*al (? , a.
Pertaining to the making of commentaries.
Whewell.
Com"men*ta`tor*ship (?), n. The
office or occupation of a commentator.
Com"ment`er (?), n. One who
makes or writes comments; a commentator; an annotator.
Com`men*ti"tious (?), a. [L.
commentitius.] Fictitious or imaginary;
unreal; as, a commentitious system of
religion. [Obs.]
Warburton.
Com"merce (?), n. (Formerly
accented on the second syllable.) [F.
commerce, L. commercium; com- +
merx, mercis, merchadise. See
Merchant.] 1. The exchange or buying
and selling of commodities; esp. the exchange of merchandise, on
a large scale, between different places or communities; extended
trade or traffic.
The public becomes powerful in proportion to the opulence and
extensive commerce of private men.
Hume.
2. Social intercourse; the dealings of one person
or class in society with another; familiarity.
Fifteen years of thought, observation, and commerce
with the world had made him [Bunyan] wiser.
Macaulay.
3. Sexual intercourse.
W. Montagu.
4. A round game at cards, in which the cards are
subject to exchange, barter, or trade.
Hoyle.
Chamber of commerce. See
Chamber.
Syn. -- Trade; traffic; dealings; intercourse; interchange;
communion; communication.
Com*merce" (? , v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Commerced
(#); p>. pr. & vb. n.
Commercing.] [Cf. F.
commercer, fr. LL. commerciare.]
1. To carry on trade; to traffic.
[Obs.]
Beware you commerce not with bankrupts.
B. Jonson.
2. To hold intercourse; to commune.
Milton.
Commercing with himself.
Tennyson.
Musicians . . . taught the people in angelic harmonies to
commerce with heaven.
Prof. Wilson.
Com*mer"cial (?), a. [Cf. F.
commercial.] Of or pertaining to commerce;
carrying on or occupied with commerce or trade; mercantile;
as, commercial advantages; commercial
relations. \'bdPrincely commercial
houses.\'b8
Macaulay.
Commercial college, a school for giving
instruction in commercial knowledge and business. --
Commercial law. See under Law. --
Commercial note paper, a small size of writing
paper, usually about 5 by 7\'ab or 8 inches. --
Commercial paper, negotiable paper given in due
course of business. It includes bills of exchange, promissory
notes, bank cheks, etc. -- Commercial traveler,
an agent of a wholesale house who travels from town to town
to solicit orders.
Syn. -- See Mercantile.
Com*mer"cial*ism (?), n. The
commercial spirit or method.
C. Kingsley.
Com*mer"cial*ly, adv. In a commercial
manner.
Com"mi*grate (?), v. i. [L.
commigrare, commigratum.] To
migrate together. [R.]
Com`mi*gra"tion (?), n. [L.
commigratio.] Migration together.
[R.]
Woodward.
Com`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L.
comminatio, from comminary to threaten;
com- + minari to threaten: cf. F.
commination.] 1. A threat or
threatening; a denunciation of punishment or vengeance.
With terrible comminations to all them that did
resist.
I. Taylor.
2. An office in the liturgy of the Church of
England, used on Ash Wednesday, containing a recital of God's
anger and judgments against sinners.
Com*min"a*to"ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
comminatoire.] Threatening or denouncing
punishment; as, comminatory terms.
B. Jonson.
Com*min"gle (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Commingled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Commingling
(?).] To mingle together; to mix in one
mass, or intimately; to blend.
Bacon.
Com"mi*nute (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Comminuted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Comminuting.] [L.
comminutus, p. p. of comminuere to
comminute; com- + minuere to lessen. See
Minute.] To reduce to minute particles, or to
a fine powder; to pulverize; to triturate; to grind; as, to
comminute chalk or bones; to comminute food
with the teeth.
Pennant.
Comminuted fracture. See under
Fracture.
Com`mi*nu"tion (?), n. 1.
The act of reducing to a fine powder or to small particles;
pulverization; the state of being comminuted.
Bentley.
2. (Surg.) Fracture (of a bone) into a
number of pieces.
Dunglison.
3. Gradual diminution by the removal of small
particles at a time; a lessening; a wearing away.
Natural and necessary comminution of our lives.
Johnson.
Com*mis"er*a*ble (?), a.
Pitiable. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Com*mis"er*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commiserated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Commiserating.]
[L. commiseratus, p. p. of commiserari
to commiserate; com- + miserari to pity.
See Miserable.] To feel sorrow, pain, or
regret for; to pity.
Then must we those, who groan, beneath the weight
Of age, disease, or want, commiserate.
Denham.
We should commiserate our mutual ignorance.
Locke.
Syn. -- To pity; compassionate; lament; condole.
Com*mis`er*a"tion (?), n. [F.
commis, fr. L. commiseratio a part
of an oration intended to exite compassion.] The act
of commiserating; sorrow for the wants, afflictions, or
distresses of another; pity; compassion.
And pluck commiseration of his state
From brassy bosoms and rough hearts of flint.
Shak.
Syn. -- See Sympathy.
Com*mis"er*a*tive (?), a.
Feeling or expressing commiseration.
Todd.
Com*mis"er*a`tor (?), n. One
who pities.
Com`mis*sa"ri*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a commissary.
Com`mis*sa"ri*at (?; 277), n.
[F. commissariat.] (Mil.)
(a) The organized system by which armies and
military posts are supplied with food and daily
necessaries. (b) The body of officers charged
with such service.
Com"mis*sa*ry (?), n.; pl.
Commissaries (#). [LL.
commissarius, fr. L. commissus, p. p. of
committere to commit, intrust to. See
Commit.] 1. One to whom is committed
some charge, duty, or office, by a superior power; a
commissioner.
Great Destiny, the Commissary of God.
Donne.
2. (Eccl.) An officer on the bishop, who
exercises ecclesiastical jurisdiction in parts of the diocese at
a distance from the residence of the bishop.
Ayliffe.
3. (Mil.) (a) An officer having
charge of a special sevice; as, the commissary of
musters. (b) An officer whose business
is to provide food for a body of troops or a military post; --
officially called commissary of subsistence.
[U. S.]
Washington wrote to the President of Congress . . . urging the
appointment of a commissary general, a quartermaster general, a
commissary of musters, and a commissary of
artillery.
W. Irving
Commissary general, an officer in charge of
some special department of army service; as: (a)
The officer in charge of the commissariat and transport
department, or of the ordinace store department.
[Eng.] (b) The commissary general of
subsistence. [U. S.] -- Commissary general
of subsistence (Mil. U. S.), the head of the
subsistence department, who has charge of the purchase and issue
of provisions for the army.
Com"mis*sa*ry*ship (?), n. The
office or employment of a commissary.
Ayliffe.
Com*mis"sion (?), n. [F., fr.
L. commissio. See Commit.] 1.
The act of committing, doing, or performing; the act of
perpetrating.
Every commission of sin introduces into the soul a
certain degree of hardness.
South.
2. The act of intrusting; a charge; instructions as
to how a trust shall be executed.
3. The duty or employment intrusted to any person
or persons; a trust; a charge.
4. A formal written warrant or authority, granting
certain powers or privileges and authorizing or commanding the
performance of certain duties.
Let him see our commission.
Shak.
5. A certificate conferring military or naval rank
and authority; as, a colonel's
commission.
6. A company of persons joined in the performance
of some duty or the execution of some trust; as, the
interstate commerce commission.
A commission was at once appointed to examine into
the matter.
Prescott.
7. (Com.) (a) The acting under
authority of, or on account of, another. (b)
The thing to be done as agent for another; as, I have
three commissions for the city. (c)
The brokerage or allowance made to a factor or agent for
transacting business for another; as, a commission
of ten per cent on sales. See Del credere.
Commission of array. (Eng. Hist.)
See under Array. -- Commission of
bankrupty, a commission apointing and empowering
certain persons to examine into the facts relative to an alleged
bankrupty, and to secure the bankrupt's lands and effects for the
creditors. -- Commission of lunacy, a
commission authoring and inquiry whether a person is a lunatic or
not. -- Commission merchant, one who buys or
sells goods on commission, as the agent of others, receiving a
rate per cent as his compensation. --
Commission, Commissioned,
officer (Mil.), one who has a
commission, in distingtion from a noncommossioned or warrant
officer. -- Commission of the peace, a
commission under the great seal, constituting one or more persons
justices of the peace. [Eng.] -- To put a
vessel into commission (Naut.), to equip and
man a goverment vessel, and send it out on service after it has
been laid up; esp., the formal act of tacking command of a vessel
for service, hoisting the flag, reading the orders, etc. --
To put a vessel out of commission (Naut.),
to detach the officers and crew and retire it from active
service, temporarily or permanently. -- To put
the great seal, the Treasury, into
commission, to place it in the hands of a
commissioner or commissioners during the abeyance of the ordinary
administration, as between the going out of one lord keeper and
accession of another. [Eng.] -- The United
States Christians Commission, an organization among the
people of the North, during the Civil War, which afforded
material comforts to the Union soldiers, and performed services
of a religious character in the field and in hospitals. --
The United States Sanitary Commission, an
organization formed by the people of the North to co\'94perate
with and supplement the medical department of the Union armies
during the Civil War.
Syn. -- Charge; warrant; authority; mandate; office; trust;
employment.
Com*mis"sion (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commissioned
(?); p. pr & vb. n.
Commissioning.] 1. To give a
commission to; to furnish with a commission; to empower or
authorize; as, to commission persons to perform
certain acts; to commission an officer.
2. To send out with a charge or commission.
A chosen band
He first commissions to the Latian land.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To appoint; depute; authorize; empower; delegate;
constitute; ordain.
{ Com*mis"sion*al (?),
Com*mis"sion*a*ry (?) } a.
Of pertaining to, or conferring, a commission; conferred by
a commission or warrant. [R.]
Delegate or commissionary authority.
Bp. Hall.
Com*mis"sion*ate (?), v. t. To
commission [Obs.]
Com*mis"sion*er (?), n. 1.
A person who has a commission or warrant to perform some
office, or execute some bussiness, for the goverment,
corporation, or person employing him; as, a
commissioner to take affidavits or to adjust
claims.
To another adress which requisted that a commission might be
sent to examine into the state of things in Ireland, William
returned a gracious answer, and desired the Commons to name the
commissioners.
Macaulay.
2. An officer having charge of some department or
bureau of the public service.
Herbert was first commissioner of the
Admiralty.
Macaulay.
The commissioner of patents, the
commissioner of the land office, the
commissioner of Indian affairs, are subotdinates of
the secretary of the interior.
Bartlett.
Commissioner of deeds, an officer having
authority to take affidavits, depositions, acknowledgment of
deeds, etc., for use in the State by which he is appointed.
[U. S.] -- County commissioners,
certain administrative officers in some of the States,
invested by local laws with various powers in reference to the
roads, courthouses, financial matters, etc., of the county.
[U. S.]
\'d8Com*mis`sion*naire" (?; F. ?),
n. [F., fr. L. commissio.]
1. An agent or factor; a commission merchant.
2. One of a class of attendants, in some European
cities, who perform miscellaneous services for travelers.
Com*mis"sion*ship (?), n. The
office of commissioner.
Sir W. Scott.
Com*mis"sive (?), a. Relating
to commission; of the nature of, or involving, commission.
[R.]
Com*mis"su*ral (? , a.
Of or pertaining to a commissure.
Com*mis"sure (? , n.
[L. commissura a joing together: cf. F.
commissure. See Commit.] 1.
A joint, seam, or closure; the place where two bodies, or
parts of a body, meet and unite; an interstice, cleft, or
juncture.
2. (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) (a) The
point of union between two parts, as the angles of the lips or
eyelids, the mandibles of a bird, etc. (b) A
collection of fibers connecting parts of the brain or spinal
marrow; a chiasma.
3. (Bot.) The line of junction or
cohering face of two carpels, as in the parsnip, caraway,
etc.
Com*mit" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Commiting.] [L.
committere, commissum, to connect, commit;
com- + mittere to send. See
Mission.] 1. To give in trust; to
put into charge or keeping; to intrust; to consign; -- used with
to, unto.
Commit thy way unto the Lord.
Ps. xxxvii. 5.
Bid him farewell, commit him to the grave.
Shak.
2. To put in charge of a jailor; to imprison.
These two were commited.
Clarendon.
3. To do; to perperate, as a crime, sin, or
fault.
Thou shalt not commit adultery.
Ex. xx. 14.
4. To join a contest; to match; -- followed by
with. [R.]
Dr. H. More.
5. To pledge or bind; to compromise, expose, or
endanger by some decisive act or preliminary step; -- often used
reflexively; as, to commit one's self to a certain
course.
You might have satisfied every duty of political friendship,
without commiting the honor of your sovereign.
Junius.
Any sudden assent to the proposal . . . might possibly be
considered as committing the faith of the United
States.
Marshall.
6. To confound. [An obsolete
Latinism.]
Committing short and long [quantities].
Milton.
To commit a bill (Legislation), to
refer or intrust it to a committee or others, to be considered
and reported. -- To commit to memory, To commit, to learn by heart; to
memorize.
Syn. -- To Commit, Intrust,
Consign. These words have in common the
idea of transferring from one's self to the care and custody of
another. Commit is the widest term, and may express
only the general idea of delivering into the charge of another;
as, to commit a lawsuit to the care of an attorney; or
it may have the special sense of intrusting with or without
limitations, as to a superior power, or to a careful servant, or
of consigning, as to writing or paper, to the flames, or to
prison. To intrust denotes the act of committing to
the exercise of confidence or trust; as, to intrust a
friend with the care of a child, or with a secret. To
consign is a more formal act, and regards the thing
transferred as placed chiefly or wholly out of one's immediate
control; as, to consign a pupil to the charge of his
instructor; to consign goods to an agent for sale; to
consign a work to the press.
Com"mit, v. i. To sin; esp., to be
incontinent. [Obs.]
Commit not with man's sworn spouse.
Shak.
Com*mit"ment (?), n. 1.
The act of commiting, or putting in charge, keeping, or
trust; consigment; esp., the act of commiting to prison.
They were glad to compound for his bare commitment
to the Tower, whence he was within few days enlarged.
Clarendon.
2. A warrant or order for the imprisonment of a
person; -- more frequently termed a mittimus.
3. The act of referring or intrusting to a
committee for consideration and report; as, the
commitment of a petition or a bill.
4. A doing, or preperation, in a bad sense, as of a
crime or blunder; commission.
5. The act of pledging or engaging; the act of
exposing, endangering, or compromising; also, the state of being
pledged or engaged.
Hamilton.
Com*mit"ta*ble (?), a. Capable
of being committed.
Com*mit"tal (?), n. The act of
commiting, or the state of being committed; commitment.
Com*mit"tee (?), n. [Cf. OF.
comit\'82 company, and LL. comitatus
jurisdiction or territory of a count, county, assize, army. The
word was apparently influenced by the verb commit, but
not directly formed from it. Cf. County.] One
or more persons elected or appointed, to whom any matter or
bussiness is referred, either by a legislative body, or by a
court, or by any collective body of men acting together.
Commitee of the whole [house], a
committee, embracing all the members present, into which a
legislative or deliberative body sometimes resolves itself, for
the purpose of considering a particular measure under the
operation of different rules from those governing the general
legislative proceedings. The committee of the whole has
its own chairman, and reports its action in the form of
recommendations. -- Standing committee. See
under Standing.
<-- p. 286 -->
Com`mit*tee" (?), n. [From
Commit, v. t.] (Law)
One to whom the charge of the person or estate of another,
as of a lunatic, is committed by suitable authority; a
guardian.
Com*mit"tee*man (?), n. A
member of a committee.
Com*mit"ter (?), n. 1.
One who commits; one who does or perpetrates.
South.
2. A fornicator. [Obs.]
T. Decker.
Com*mit"ti*ble (?), a. Capable
of being committed; liable to be committed.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Com*mix" (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Commixed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Commixing.] [Pref. com+ +
mix: cf. L. commixtus, p. p.of
commiscere. See Mix.] To mix or
mingle together; to blend.
The commixed impressions of all the colors do stir
up and beget a sensation of white.
Sir I. Newton.
To commix
With winds that sailors rail at.
Shak.
Com*mix"ion (?), n. [See
Commix.] Commixture.
Shak.
Com*mix"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
commixtio.] Commixture; mingling.
[R.]
An exact commixtion of the ingredients.
Boyle.
Com*mix"ture (?; 135), n. [L.
commixtura.] 1. The act or process
of mixing; the state of being mingled; the blending of
ingredients in one mass or compound.
In the commixture of anything that is more oily or
sweet, such bodies are least apt to putrefy.
Bacon.
2. The mass formed by mingling different things; a
compound; a mixture.
Bacon.
Com"mo*date (?), n. [L.
commodatum thing lent, loan.] (Scots
Law) A gratuitous loan.
Com*mode" (?), n. [F.
commode, fr. commode convenient, L.
commodus; com- + modus measure,
mode. See Mode.] 1. A kind of
headdress formerly worn by ladies, raising the hair and fore part
of the cap to a great height.
Or under high commodes, with looks erect.
Granville.
2. A piece of furniture, so named according to
temporary fashion; as: (a) A cheat of drawers or a bureau.
(b) A night stand with a compartment for holding a
chamber vessel. (c) A kind of close stool. (d)
A movable sink for a wash bowl, with closet.
Com*mo"di*ous (?), a. [LL.
commodiosus, fr. L. commodum convenience,
fr. commodus. See Commode.]
Adapted to its use or purpose, or to wants and necessities;
serviceable; spacious and convenient; roomy and comfortable;
as, a commodious house. \'bdA
commodious drab.\'b8 Shak.
\'bdCommodious gold.\'b8 Pope.
The haven was not commodious to winter in.
Acts. xxvii. 12.
Syn. -- Convenient; suitable; fit; proper; advantageous;
serviceable; useful; spacious; comfortable.
Com*mo"di*ous*ly, adv. In a commodious
manner.
To pass commodiously this life.
Milton.
Com*mo"di*ous*ness, n. State of being
commodious; suitableness for its purpose; convience;
roominess.
Of cities, the greatness and riches increase according to the
commodiousness of their situation.
Sir W. Temple.
The commodiousness of the harbor.
Johnson.
Com*mod"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Commodities (#). [F.
commodit, fr. L. commoditas. See
Commode.] 1. Convenience;
accommodation; profit; benefit; advantage; interest;
commodiousness. [Obs.]
Drawn by the commodity of a footpath.
B. Jonson.
Men may seek their own commodity, yet if this were
done with injury to others, it was not to be suffered.
Hooker.
2. That which affords convenience, advantage, or
profit, especially in commerce, including everything movable that
is bought and sold (except animals), -- goods, wares,
merchandise, produce of land and manufactures, etc.
3. A parcel or quantity of goods.
[Obs.]
A commodity of brown paper and old ginger.
Shak.
Com"mo*dore` (?), n. [Prob. a
corruption of commander, or Sp. comendador
a knight of a military order who holds a commandery; also a
superior of a monastery;, fr. LL. commendare to
command. Cf. Commend, Command,
Commander.] 1. (U. S. Navy)
An officer who ranks next above a captain; sometimes, by
courtesy, the senior captain of a squadron. The rank of commodore
corresponds with that of brigadier general in the army.
2. (Brititsh Navy) A captain commanding
a squadron, or a division of a fleet, or having the temporary
rank of rear admiral.
3. A title given courtesy to the senior captain of
a line of merchant vessels, and also to the chief officer of a
yachting or rowing club.
4. A familiar for the flagchip, or for the
principal vessel of a squadron or fleet.
Com"mon (?), a.
[Compar. Commoner (?);
superl. Commonest.] [OE.
commun, comon, OF. comun, F.
commun, fr. L. communis; com- +
munis ready to be of service; cf. Skr. mi
to make fast, set up, build, Coth. gamains common, G.
gemein, and E. mean low, common. Cf.
Immunity, Commune, n. &
v.] 1. Belonging or relating
equally, or similary, to more than one; as, you and I have a
common interest in the property.
Though life and sense be common to men and
brutes.
Sir M. Hale.
2. Belonging to or shared by, affecting or serving,
all the members of a class, consired together; general; public;
as, propertis common to all plants; the
common schools; the Book of Common
Prayer.
Such actions as the common good requereth.
Hocker.
The common enemy of man.
Shak.
3. Often met with; usual; frequent;
customary.
Grief more than common grief.
Shak.
4. Not distinguished or exceptional; inconspicuous;
ordinary; plebeian; -- often in a depreciatory sense.
The honest, heart-felt enjoyment of common
life.
W. Irving.
This fact was infamous
And ill beseeming any common man,
Much more a knight, a captain and a leader.
Shak.
Above the vulgar flight of common souls.
A. Murpphy.
5. Profane; polluted. [Obs.]
What God hath cleansed, that call not thou
common.
Acts x. 15.
6. Given to habits of lewdness; prostitute.
A dame who herself was common.
L'Estrange.
Common bar (Law) Same as Blank
bar, under Blank. -- Common
barrator (Law), one who makes a business of
instigating litigation. -- Common Bench, a
name sometimes given to the English Court of Common Pleas.
-- Common brawler (Law), one addicted
to public brawling and quarreling. See Brawler. --
Common carrier (Law), one who
undertakes the office of carrying (goods or persons) for hire.
Such a carrier is bound to carry in all cases when he has
accommodation, and when his fixed price is tendered, and he is
liable for all losses and injuries to the goods, except those
which happen in consequence of the act of God, or of the enemies
of the country, or of the owner of the property himself. --
Common chord (Mus.), a chord consisting
of the fundamental tone, with its third and fifth. --
Common council, the representative (legislative)
body, or the lower branch of the representative body, of a city
or other munisipal corporation. -- Common crier,
the crier of a town or city. -- Common
divisor (Math.), a number or quantity that
divides two or more numbers or quantities without a remainder; a
common measure. -- Common gender
(Gram.), the gender comprising words that may be
of either the masculine or the feminine gender. --
Common law, a system of jurisprudence developing
under the guidance of the courts so as to apply a consistent and
reasonable rule to each litigated case. It may be superseded by
statute, but unless superseded it controls.
Wharton. It is by others defined as the unwritten
law (especially of England), the law that receives its binding
force from immemorial usage and universal reception, as
ascertained and expressed in the judgments of the courts. This
term is often used in contradistinction from statute law.
Many use it to designate a law common to the whole
country. It is also used to designate the whole body of English
(or other) law, as distinguished from its subdivisions, local,
civil, admiralty, equity, etc. See Law. --
Common lawyer, one versed in common law. --
Common lewdness (Law), the habitual
performance of lewd acts in public. -- Common
multiple (Arith.) See under
Multiple. -- Common noun
(Gram.), the name of any one of a class of
objects, as distinguished from a proper noun (the name
of a particular person or thing). -- Common
nuisance (Law), that which is deleterious to
the health or comfort or sense of decency of the community at
large. -- Common pleas, one of the three
superior courts of common law at Westminster, presided over by a
chief justice and four puisne judges. Its jurisdiction is
confined to civil matters. Courts bearing this title exist in
several of the United States, having, however, in some cases,
botth civil and criminal jurisdiction extending over the whole
State. In other States the jurisdiction of the common pleas is
limited to a county, and it is sometimes called a county
court. Its powers are generally defined by
statute. -- Common prayer, the liturgy of the
Church of England, or of the Protestant Episcopal church of the
United States, which all its clergy are enjoined use. It is
contained in the Book of Common Prayer. -- Common
school, a school maintained at the public expense, and
open to all. -- Common scold (Law),
a woman addicted to scolding indiscriminately, in
public. -- Common seal, a seal adopted and
used by a corporation. -- Common sense.
(a) A supposed sense which was held to be the common
bond of all the others. [Obs.] Trench.
(b) Sound judgment. See under Sense.
-- Common time (Mus.), that variety of
time in which the measure consists of two or of four equal
portions. -- In common, equally with another,
or with others; owned, shared, or used, in community with others;
affecting or affected equally. -- Out of the
common, uncommon; extraordinary. -- Tenant in
common, one holding real or personal property in common
with others, having distinct but undivided interests. See
Joint tenant, under Joint. -- To
make common cause with, to join or ally one's self
with.
Syn. -- General; public; popular; universal; frequent;
ordinary; customary; usual; familiar; habitual; vulgar; mean;
trite; stale; threadbare; commonplace. See Mutual,
Ordinary, General.
Com"mon (?), n. 1. The
people; the community. [Obs.] \'bdThe weal o'
the common.\'b8
Shak.
2. An inclosed or uninclosed tract of ground for
pleasure, for pasturage, etc., the use of which belongs to the
public; or to a number of persons.
3. (Law) The right of taking a profit in
the land of another, in common either with the owner or with
other persons; -- so called from the community of interest which
arises between the claimant of the right and the owner of the
soil, or between the claimants and other commoners entitled to
the same right.
Common appendant, a right belonging to the
owners or occupiers of arable land to put commonable beasts upon
the waste land in the manor where they dwell. -- Common
appurtenant, a similar right applying to lands in other
manors, or extending to other beasts, besides those which are
generally commonable, as hogs. -- Common because
of vicinage neighborhood, the
right of the inhabitants of each of two townships, lying
contiguous to each other, which have usually intercommoned with
one another, to let their beasts stray into the other's
fields. -- Common in gross at
large, a common annexed to a man's person, being
granted to him and his heirs by deed; or it may be claimed by
prescriptive right, as by a parson of a church or other
corporation sole. Blackstone. -- Common of
estovers, the right of taking wood from another's
estate. -- Common of pasture, the right of
feeding beasts on the land of another. Burill. --
Common of piscary, the right of fishing in waters
belonging to another. -- Common of turbary,
the right of digging turf upon the ground of
another.
Com"mon, v. i. 1. To converse
together; to discourse; to confer. [Obs.]
Embassadors were sent upon both parts, and divers means of
entreaty were commoned of.
Grafton.
2. To participate. [Obs.]
Sir T. More.
3. To have a joint right with others in common
ground.
Johnson.
4. To board together; to eat at a table in
common.
Com"mon*a*ble (?), a. 1.
Held in common. \'bdForests . . . and other
commonable places.\'b8
Bacon.
2. Allowed to pasture on public commons.
Commonable beasts are either beasts of the plow, or
such as manure the ground.
Blackstone.
Com"mon*age (?), n. [Cf. OF.
communage.] The right of pasturing on a
common; the right of using anything in common with others.
The claim of comonage . . . in most of the
forests.
Burke.
Com"mon*al*ty (?), n.; pl.
Commonalties (#). [Of.
communalt\'82; F. communaut\'82, fr.
communal. See Communal.] 1.
The common people; those classes and conditions of people
who are below the rank of nobility; the commons.
The commonalty, like the nobility, are divided into
several degrees.
Blackstone.
The ancient fare of our kings differed from that of the
commonalty in plenteousness only.
Landon.
2. The majority or bulk of mankind.
[Obs.]
Hooker.
Com"mon*er (?), n. 1.
One of the common people; one having no rank of
nobility.
All below them [the peers] even their children, were
commoners, and in the eye law equal to each other.
Hallam.
2. A member of the House of Commons.
3. One who has a joint right in common
ground.
Much good land might be gained from forests . . . and from
other commonable places, so as always there be a due care taken
that the poor commoners have no injury.
Bacon.
4. One sharing with another in anything.
[Obs.]
Fuller.
5. A student in the university of Oxford, Eng., who
is not dependent on any foundation for support, but pays all
university charges; -- at Cambrige called a
pensioner.
6. A prostitute. [Obs.]
Shak.
Com"mon*ish, a. Somewhat common;
commonplace; vulgar.
Com`mo*ni"tion (?), n. [L.
commonitio. See Monition.] Advice;
warning; instruction. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Com*mon"i*tive (?), a.
Monitory. [Obs.]
Only commemorative and commonitive.
Bp. Hall.
Com*mon"i*to*ry (?), a. [L.
commonitorius.] Calling to mind; giving
admonition. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Com"mon*ly (?), adv. 1.
Usually; generally; ordinarily; frequently; for the most
part; as, confirmed habits commonly continue trough
life.
2. In common; familiary. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Com"mon*ness, n. 1. State or
quality of being common or usual; as, the commonness
of sunlight.
2. Triteness; meanness.
Com"mon*place` (?), a. Common;
ordinary; trite; as, a commonplace person, or
observation.
Com"mon*place`, n. 1. An idea
or expression wanting originality or interest; a trite or
customary remark; a platitude.
2. A memorandum; something to be frequently
consulted or referred to.
Whatever, in my reading, occurs concerning this our fellow
creature, I do never fail to set it down by way of
commonplace.
Swift.
Commonplace book, a book in which records are
made of things to be remembered.
Com"mon*place`, v. t. To enter in a
commonplace book, or to reduce to general heads.
Felton.
Com"mon*place`, v. i. To utter
commonplaces; to indulge in platitudes. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Com"mon*place`ness, n. The quality of
being commonplace; commonness.
Com"mons (?), n. pl., 1.
The mass of the people, as distinguished from the titled
chasses or nobility; the commonalty; the common people.
[Eng.]
'T is like the commons, rude unpolished hinds,
Could send such message to their sovereign.
Shak.
The word commons in its present ordinary
signification comprises all the people who are under the rank of
peers.
Blackstone.
2. The House of Commons, or lower house of the
British Parliament, consisting of representatives elected by the
qualified voters of counties, boroughs, and universities.
It is agreed that the Commons were no part of the
great council till some ages after the Conquest.
Hume.
3. Provisions; food; fare, -- as that provided at a
common table in colleges and universities.
Their commons, though but coarse, were nothing
scant.
Dryden.
4. A club or association for boarding at a common
table, as in a college, the members sharing the expenses equally;
as, to board in commons.
5. A common; public pasture ground.
To shake his ears, and graze in commons.
Shak.
Doctors' Commons, a place near St. Paul's
Chuchyard in London where the doctors of civil law used to common
together, and where were the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts
and offices having jurisdiction of marriage licenses, divorces,
registration of wills, etc. -- To be on short
commons, to have small allowance of food.
[Colloq.]
Com"mon sense" (?). See Common
sense, under Sense.
Com"mon*ty (?), n. (Scots
Law) A common; a piece of land in which two or more
persons have a common right.
Bell.
Com"mon*weal" (?), n.
[Common + weal.]
Commonwealth.
Such a prince,
So kind a father of the commonweal.
Shak.
Com"mon*wealth` (?; 277), n.
[Common + wealth well-being.]
1. A state; a body politic consisting of a certain
number of men, united, by compact or tacit agreement, under one
form of government and system of laws.
The trappings of a monarchy would set up an ordinary
commonwealth.
Milton.
<-- p. 287 -->
common well-being or happiness; and hence,
a form of government in which the general welfare is regarded
rather than the welfare of any class.
2. The whole body of people in a state; the
public.
3. (Eng. Hist.) Specifically, the form
of government established on the death of Charles I., in 1649,
which existed under Oliver Cromwell and his son Richard, ending
with the abdication of the latter in 1659.
Syn. -- State; realm; republic.
Com"mo*rance (?), n. See
Commorancy.
Com"mo*ran*cy (?), n. 1.
(Law) A dwelling or ordinary residence in a
place; habitation.
Commorancy consists in usually lying there.
Blackstone.
2. (Am. Law) Residence temporarily, or
for a short time.
Com"mo*rant (?), n. [L.
commorans, p. pr. of commorari to abide;
com- + morari to delay.] 1.
(Law) Ordinarily residing; inhabiting.
All freeholders within the precinct . . . and all persons
commorant therein.
Blackstone.
2. (Am. Law) Inhabiting or occupying
temporarily.
Com"mo*rant, n. A resident.
Bp. Hacket.
Com`mo*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
commoratio.] The act of staying or residing
in a place. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Com*mo"ri*ent (?), a. [L.
commoriens, p. pr. of commoriri.]
Dying together or at the same time. [R.]
Sir G. Buck.
Com*morse" (?), n. [L.
commorsus, p. p. of commordere to bite
sharply.] Remorse. [Obs.] \'bdWith
sad commorse.\'b8
Daniel.
Com*mote" (?), v. t. [See
Commove.] To commove; to disturb; to stir
up. [R.]
Society being more or less commoted and made
uncomfortable.
Hawthorne.
Com*mo"tion (?), n. [L.
commotio: cf. F. commotion. See
Motion.] 1. Disturbed or violent
motion; agitation.
[What] commotion in the winds!
Shak.
2. A popular tumult; public disturbance;
riot.
When ye shall hear of wars and commotions.
Luke xxi. 9.
3. Agitation, perturbation, or disorder, of mind;
heat; excitement. \'bdHe could not debate anything without
some commotion.\'b8
Clarendon.
Syn. -- Excitement; agitation; perturbation; disturbance;
tumult; disorder; violence.
Com*move" (?), v. t.
[inp. & p. p. Commoved
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Commoving.] [L. commovere,
commotum; com- + movere to
move.] 1. To urge; to persuade; to
incite. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To put in motion; to disturb; to unsettle.
[R.]
Straight the sands,
Commoved around, in gathering eddies play.
Thomson.
Com"mu*nal (? , a. [Cf.
F. communal.] Pertaining to a
commune.
Com"mu*nal*ism (?), n. A French
theory of government which holds that commune should be a kind of
independent state, and the national government a confederation of
such states, having only limited powers. It is advocated by
advanced French republicans; but it should not be confounded with
communism.
Com"mu*nal*ist, n. [Cf. F.
communaliste.] An advocate of
communalism.
Com`mu*nal*is"tic (?), a.
Pertaining to communalism.
Com*mune" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Communed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Communing.] [OF. communier,
fr. L. communicare to communicate, fr.
communis common. See Common, and cf.
Communicate.] 1. To converse
together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments
or feelings; to take counsel.
I would commune with you of such things
That want no ear but yours.
Shak.
2. To receive the communion; to partake of the
eucharist or Lord's supper.
To commune under both kinds.
Bp. Burnet.
To commune with one's self one's
heart, to think; to reflect; to
meditate.
Com"mune (?), n. Communion;
sympathetic intercourse or conversation between friends.
For days of happy commune dead.
Tennyson.
Com"mune (?), n. [F., fr.
commun. See Common.] 1.
The commonalty; the common people. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
In this struggle -- to use the technical words of the time --
of the \'bdcommune\'b8, the general mass of the
inhabitants, against the \'bdprudhommes\'b8 or \'bdwiser\'b8
few.
J. R. Green.
2. A small terrotorial district in France under the
government of a mayor and municipal council; also, the
inhabitants, or the government, of such a district. See
Arrondissement.
3. Absolute municipal self-government.
The Commune of Paris, The
Commune (a) The government established
in Paris (1792-94) by a usurpation of supreme power on the part
of representatives chosen by the communes; the period of its
continuance is known as the \'bdReign of Terror.\'b8
(b) The revolutionary government, modeled on the
commune of 1792, which the communists, so called, attempted to
establish in 1871.
Com*mu`ni*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n.
[Cf. F. communicabilit\'82.] The
quality of being communicable; capability of being
imparted.
Com*mu"ni*ca*ble (?), a. [Cf.
F. communicable, LL. communicabilis.]
1. Capable of being communicated, or imparted;
as, a communicable disease; communicable
knowledge.
2. Communicative; free-speaking.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
-- Com*mu"ni*ca*ble*ness, n. --
Com*mu"ni*ca"bly, adv.
Com*mu"ni*cant (?), n. [L.
communicans, p. pr.] 1. One who
partakes of, or is entitled to partake of, the sacrament of the
Lord's supper; a church member.
A never-failing monthly communicant.
Atterbury.
2. One who communicates.
Foxe.
Com*mu"ni*cant (?), a.
Communicating. [R.]
Coleridge.
Com*mu"ni*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Communicated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Communicating.]
[L. communicatus, p. p. of communicare
to communicate, fr. communis common. See
Commune, v. i.] 1. To
share in common; to participate in. [Obs.]
To thousands that communicate our loss.
B. Jonson
2. To impart; to convey; as, to
communicate a disease or a sensation; to
communicate motion by means of a crank.
Where God is worshiped, there he communicates his
blessings and holy influences.
Jer. Taylor.
3. To make known; to recount; to give; to impart;
as, to communicate information to any
one.
4. To administer the communion to.
[R.]
She [the church] . . . may communicate him.
Jer. Taylor.
with
before the person receiving, but now usually takes to
after it.
He communicated those thoughts only with the Lord
Digby.
Clarendon.
Syn. -- To impart; bestow; confer; reveal; disclose; tell;
announce; recount; make known. -- To
Communicate, Impart, Reveal.
Communicate is the more general term, and denotes the
allowing of others to partake or enjoy in common with ourselves.
Impart is more specific. It is giving to others a part
of what we had held as our own, or making them our partners; as,
to impart our feelings; to impart of our
property, etc. Hence there is something more intimate in
imparting intelligence than in
communicating it. To reveal is to disclose
something hidden or concealed; as, to reveal a
secret.
Com*mu"ni*cate, v. i. 1. To
share or participate; to possess or enjoy in common; to have
sympathy.
Ye did communicate with my affliction.
Philip. iv. 4.
2. To give alms, sympathy, or aid.
To do good and to communicate forget not.
Heb. xiii. 16.
3. To have intercourse or to be the means of
intercourse; as, to communicate with another on
business; to be connected; as, a communicating
artery.
Subjects suffered to communicate and to have
intercourse of traffic.
Hakluyt.
The whole body is nothing but a system of such canals, which
all communicate with one another.
Arbutnot.
4. To partake of the Lord's supper; to
commune.
The primitive Christians communicated every
day.
Jer. Taylor.
Com*mu`ni*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
communicatio.] 1. The act or fact
of communicating; as, communication of smallpox;
communication of a secret.
2. Intercourse by words, letters, or messages;
interchange of thoughts or opinions, by conference or other
means; conference; correspondence.
Argument . . . and friendly communication.
Shak.
3. Association; company.
Evil communications corrupt manners.
1 Cor. xv. 33.
4. Means of communicating; means of passing from
place to place; a connecting passage; connection.
The Euxine Sea is conveniently situated for trade, by the
communication it has both with Asia and Europe.
Arbuthnot.
5. That which is communicated or imparted;
intelligence; news; a verbal or written message.
6. Participation in the Lord's supper.
Bp. Pearson.
7. (Rhet.) A trope, by which a speaker
assumes that his hearer is a partner in his sentiments, and says
we, instead of I or you.
Beattie.
Syn. -- Correspondence; conference; intercourse.
Com*mu"ni*ca*tive (?), a. [Cf.
F. Communicatif, LL. communicativus.]
Inclined to communicate; ready to impart to others.
Determine, for the future, to be less
communicative.
Swift.
Com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ness, n. The quality
of being communicative.
Norris.
Com*mu"ni*ca`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who communicates.
Boyle.
Com*mu"ni*ca"to*ry (?), a. [LL.
communicatorius.] Imparting knowledge or
information.
Canonical and communicatory letters.
Barrow.
Com*mun"ion (?), n. [L.
communio: cf. F. communion. See
Common.] 1. The act of sharing;
community; participation. \'bdThis communion of
goods.\'b8
Blackstone.
2. Intercourse between two or more persons; esp.,
intimate association and intercourse implying sympathy and
confidence; interchange of thoughts, purposes, etc.; agreement;
fellowship; as, the communion of saints.
We are naturally induced to seek communion and
fellowship with others.
Hooker.
What communion hath light with darkness?
2 Cor. vi. 14.
Bare communion with a good church can never alone make a
good man.
South.
3. A body of Christians having one common faith and
discipline; as, the Presbyterian
communion.
4. The sacrament of the eucharist; the celebration
of the Lord's supper; the act of partaking of the sacrament;
as, to go to communion; to partake of the
communion.
Close communion. See under Close,
a. -- Communion elements, the
bread and wine used in the celebration of the Lord's supper.
-- Communion service, the celebration of the
Lord's supper, or the office or service therefor. --
Communion table, the table upon which the elements
are placed at the celebration of the Lord's supper. --
Communion in both kinds, participation in both the
bread and wine by all communicants. -- Communion in one
kind, participation in but one element, as in the Roman
Catholic Church, where the laity partake of the bread
only.
Syn. -- Share; participation; fellowship; converse;
intercourse; unity; concord; agreement.
Com"mu*nism (?), n. [F.
communisme, fr. commun common.]
A scheme of equalizing the social conditions of life;
specifically, a scheme which contemplates the abolition of
inequalities in the possession of property, as by distributing
all wealth equally to all, or by holding all wealth in common for
the equal use and advantage of all.
communism.
Com"mu*nist (?), n. [F.
communiste.] 1. An advocate for
the theory or practice of communism.
2. A supporter of the commune of Paris.
Com`mu*nis"tic (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to communism or communists; as,
communistic theories.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Living or having their
nests in common, as certain birds.
Com*mu"ni*ty (?), n.; pl.
Communities (#). [L.
communitas: cf. OF. communit\'82. Cf.
Commonalty, and see Common.] 1.
Common possession or enjoyment; participation; as, a
community of goods.
The original community of all things.
Locke.
An unreserved community of thought and feeling.
W. Irwing.
2. A body of people having common rights,
privileges, or interests, or living in the same place under the
same laws and regulations; as, a community of
monks. Hence a number of animals living in a common home or
with some apparent association of interests.
Creatures that in communities exist.
Wordsworth.
3. Society at large; a commonwealth or state; a
body politic; the public, or people in general.
Burdens upon the poorer classes of the
community.
Hallam.
the
community.
4. Common character; likeness.
[R.]
The essential community of nature between organic
growth and inorganic growth.
H. Spencer.
5. Commonness; frequency. [Obs.]
Eyes . . . sick and blunted with community.
Shak.
Com*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being commutable.
Com*mut"a*ble (?), a. [L.
commutabilis.] Capable of being commuted or
interchanged.
The predicate and subject are not commutable.
Whately.
Com*mut"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being commutable; interchangeableness.
Com`mu*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
commutatio: cf. F. commutation.]
1. A passing from one state to another; change;
alteration; mutation. [R.]
So great is the commutation that the soul then
hated only that which now only it loves.
South.
2. The act of giving one thing for another; barter;
exchange. [Obs.]
The use of money is . . . that of saving the
commutation of more bulky commodities.
Arbuthnot.
3. (Law) The change of a penalty or
punishment by the pardoning power of the State; as, the
commutation of a sentence of death to banishment or
imprisonment.
Suits are allowable in the spiritual courts for money agreed
to be given as a commutation for penance.
Blackstone.
4. A substitution, as of a less thing for a
greater, esp. a substitution of one form of payment for another,
or one payment for many, or a specific sum of money for
conditional payments or allowances; as, commutation
of tithes; commutation of fares; commutation of
copyright; commutation of rations.
Angle of commutation (Astron.), the
difference of the geocentric longitudes of the sun and a
planet. -- Commutation of tithes, the
substitution of a regular payment, chargeable to the land, for
the annual tithes in kind. -- Commutation ticket,
a ticket, as for transportation, which is the evidence of a
contract for service at a reduced rate. See 2d Commute,
2.
Com*mut"a*tive (?), a. [CF. F.
commutatif.] Relative to exchange;
interchangeable; reciprocal. --
Com*mut"a*tive"ly,
adv.
Rich traders, from their success, are presumed . . . to have
cultivated an habitual regard to commutative
justice.
Burke.
Com"mu*ta`tor (?), n.
(Elec.) A piece of apparatus used for reversing
the direction of an electrical current; an attachment to certain
electrical machines, by means of which alternating currents are
made to be continuous or to have the same direction.
Com*mute" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commuted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Commuting.] [L.
commutare, -mutatum; com- +
mutare to change. See Mutation.]
To exchange; to put or substitute something else in place
of, as a smaller penalty, obligation, or payment, for a greater,
or a single thing for an aggregate; hence; to lessen; to
diminish; as, to commute a sentence of death to one
of imprisonment for life; to commute tithes; to
commute charges for fares.
The sounds water and fire, being once annexed to those two
elements, it was certainly more natural to call beings
participating of the first \'bdwatery\'b8, and the last
\'bdfiery\'b8, than to commute the terms, and call
them by the reverse.
J. Harris
The utmost that could be obtained was that her sentence should
be commuted from burning to beheading.
Macaulay.
Com*mute", v. i. 1. To obtain
or bargain for exemption or substitution; to effect a
commutation.
He . . . thinks it unlawful to commute, and that he
is bound to pay his vow in kind.
Jer. Taylor.
2. To pay, or arrange to pay, in gross instead of
part by part; as, to commute for a year's travel
over a route.
Com*mut"er (?), n. One who
commutes; especially, one who commutes in traveling.
Com*mu"tu*al (?; 135), a.
[Pref. com- + mutual.]
Mutual; reciprocal; united. [R.]
There, with commutual zeal, we both had strove.
Pope.
Co"mose (? , a. [L.
comosus hairy, from coma hair.]
(Bot.) Bearing a tuft of soft hairs or down, as
the seeds of milkweed.
Gray.
Com*pact" (?), p. p. & a [L.
compactus, p. p. of compingere to join or
unite; com- + pangere to fasten, fix: cf.
F. compacte. See Pact.] 1.
Joined or held together; leagued; confederated.
[Obs.] \'bdCompact with her that's
gone.\'b8
Shak.
A pipe of seven reeds, compact with wax
together.
Peacham.
2. Composed or made; -- with of.
[Poetic]
A wandering fire,
Compact of unctuous vapor.
Milton.
3. Closely or firmly united, as the particles of
solid bodies; firm; close; solid; dense.
Glass, crystal, gems, and other compact bodies.
Sir I. Newton.
4. Brief; close; pithy; not diffuse; not verbose;
as, a compact discourse.
Syn. -- Firm; close; solid; dense; pithy; sententious.
Com*pact", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Compacted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Compacting.] 1. To thrust,
drive, or press closely together; to join firmly; to consolidate;
to make close; -- as the parts which compose a body.
Now the bright sun compacts the precious stone.
Blackstone.
2. To unite or connect firmly, as in a
system.
The whole body fitly joined together and compacted
by that which every joint supplieth.
Eph. iv. 16.
Com"pact (?), n. [L.
compactum, fr. compacisci, p. p.
compactus, to make an agreement with; com-
+ pacisci to make an agreement. See
Pact.] An agreement between parties; a
covenant or contract.
The law of nations depends on mutual compacts,
treaties, leagues, etc.
Blackstone.
Wedlock is described as the indissoluble
compact.
Macaulay.
The federal constitution has been styled a compact
between the States by which it was ratified.
Wharton.
Syn. -- See Covenant.
Com*pact"ed (?), a. Compact;
pressed close; concentrated; firmly united.
Com*pact"ed*ly, adv. In a compact
manner.
Com*pact"ed*ness, n. A state of being
compact.
Com*pact"er (?), n. One who
makes a compact.
Com*pact"i*ble (?), a. That may
be compacted.
Com*pac"tion (?), n. [L.
compactio.] The act of making compact, or
the state of being compact. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Com*pact"ly (?), adv. In a
compact manner; with close union of parts; densely;
tersely.
Com*pact"ness, n. The state or quality
of being compact; close union of parts; density.
Com*pac"ture (?; 135), n. [L.
compactura.] Close union or connection of
parts; manner of joining; construction. [Obs.]
\'bdWith comely compass and compacture strong.\'b8
Spenser.
\'d8Com*pa"ges (?), n. sing & pl.
[L., fr. compingere. See Compact,
v. t.] A system or structure of many parts
united.
A regular compages of pipes and vessels.
Ray.
Com*pag"i*nate (?), v. t. [L.
compaginare, compaginatum.] To
unite or hold together; as, the side pieces
compaginate the frame. [Obs.]
W. Montagu.
Com*pag`i*na"tion (?), n. [L.
compaginatio.] Union of parts;
structure. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Com"pa*na*ble (?), a. [OF.
compaignable.] Companionable;
sociable. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Com"pa*na`tor (?), n. [LL.
companatores, pl.] (Eccl.) Same
as Impanator.
Com*pan"i*a*ble (?), a.
Companionable; sociable. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Com*pan"ion (?), n. [F.
compagnon, OF. compaing, fr. as assumed LL.
companio (cf. companium fellowship, a
mess), fr. L. com- + panis bread. See
Pantry.] 1. One who accompanies or
is in company with another for a longer or shorter period, either
from choice or casually; one who is much in the company of, or is
associated with, another or others; an associate; a comrade; a
consort; a partner.
The companions of his fall.
Milton.
The companion of fools shall smart for it.
Prov. xiii. 20 (Rev. Ver. )
Here are your sons again; and I must lose
Two of the sweetest companions in the world.
Shak.
A companion is one with whom we share our bread; a
messmate.
Trench.
2. A knight of the lowest rank in certain orders;
as, a companion of the Bath.
3. A fellow; -- in contempt.
[Obs.]
Shak.
4. [Cf. OSp. compa\'a4a an outhouse,
office.] (Naut.) (a) A skylight on
an upper deck with frames and sashes of various shapes, to admit
light to a cabin or lower deck. (b) A wooden
hood or penthouse covering the companion way; a companion
hatch.
Companion hatch (Naut.), a wooden
porch over the entrance or staircase of the cabin. --
Companion ladder (Naut.), the ladder by
which officers ascend to, or descend from, the quarter-deck.
Totten. -- Companion way (Naut.),
a staircase leading to the cabin. -- Knights
companions, in certain honorary orders, the members of
the lowest grades as distinguished from knights commanders,
knights grand cross, and the like.
Syn. -- Associate; comrade; mate; compeer; partner; ally;
confederate; coadjutor; accomplice.
Com*pan"ion, v. t. 1. To be a
companion to; to attend on; to accompany. [R.]
Ruskin.
2. To qualify as a companion; to make equal.
[Obs.]
Companion me with my mistress.
Shak.
Com*pan"ion*a*ble (?), a.
Fitted to be a companion; fit for good fellowship;
agreeable; sociable. \'bdEach companionable
guest.\'b8 Mallett. \'bdCompanionable
wit.\'b8 Clarendon.
-- Com*pan"ion*a*ble*ness, n. --
Com*pan"ion*a*bly, adv.
Com*pan"ion*less, a. Without a
companion.
Com*pan"ion*ship, n. Fellowship;
association; the act or fact of keeping company with any
one.
Shak.
He never seemed to avail himself of my sympathy other than by
mere companionship.
W. Irwing
Com"pa*ny (?), n.; pl.
Companies (#). [F.
compagnie, fr. OF. compaing. See
Companion.] 1. The state of being a
companion or companions; the act of accompaying; fellowship;
companionship; society; friendly intercourse.
Shak.
Evil company doth corrupt good manners.
1 Cor. xv. 33. (Rev. Ver. ).
Brethren, farewell: your company along
I will not wish.
Milton.
2. A companion or companions.
To thee and thy company I bid
A hearty welcome.
Shak.
3. An assemblage or association of persons, either
permanent or transient.
Thou shalt meet a company of prophets.
1 Sam. x. 5.
4. Guests or visitors, in distinction from the
members of a family; as, to invite company to
dine.
5. Society, in general; people assembled for social
intercourse.
Nature has left every man a capacity of being agreeable,
though not of shining in company.
Swift.
6. An association of persons for the purpose of
carrying on some enterprise or business; a corporation; a firm;
as, the East India Company; an insurance
company; a joint-stock company.
7. Partners in a firm whose names are not mentioned
in its style or title; -- often abbreviated in writing; as,
Hottinguer & Co.
8. (Mil.) A subdivision of a regiment of
troops under the command of a captain, numbering in the United
States (full strength) 100 men.
9. (Naut.) The crew of a ship, including
the officers; as, a whole ship's company.
10. The body of actors employed in a theater or in
the production of a play.
To keep company with. See under Keep,
v. t.
Syn. -- Assemblage; assembly; society; group; assembly;
society; group; circle; crowd; troop; crew; gang; corporation;
association; fraternity; guild; partnership; copartnery; union;
club; party; gathering.
Com"pa*ny (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Companied
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Companying.] To accompany or go with;
to be companion to. [Obs.]
Com"pa*ny, v. i. 1. To
associate.
Men which have companied with us all the time.
Acts i. 21.
2. To be a gay companion. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. To have sexual commerce.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Com"pa*ra*ble (?), a. [L.
comparabilis: cf. F. comparable.]
Capable of being compared; worthy of comparison.
There is no blessing of life comparable to the
enjoyment of a discreet and virtuous friend.
Addison.
-- Com"pa*ra*ble*ness, n. --
Com"pa*ra*bly, adv.
Com"pa*rate (?), n. [L.
comparatum, fr. comparatus, p. p. of
comparare. See 1st Compare.]
(Logic) One of two things compared
together.
Com`pa*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
comparatio. See Compare to get.] A
making ready; provision. [Obs.]
Com*par"a*tive (?), a. [L.
comparativus: cf. F. comparatif.]
1. Of or pertaining to comparison. \'bdThe
comparative faculty.\'b8
Granvill.
2. Proceeding from, or by the method of,
comparison; as, the comparative anatomy.
3. Estimated by comparison; relative; not positive
or absolute, as compared with another thing or state.
The recurrence of comparative warmth and cold.
Whewell.
The bubble, by reason of its comparative levity to
the fluid that incloses it, would necessarily ascend to the
top.
Bentley.
4. (Gram.) Expressing a degree greater
or less than the positive degree of the quality denoted by an
adjective or adverb. The comparative degree is formed from the
positive by the use of -er, more, or
less; as, brighter, more bright, or
less bright.
Comparative sciences, those which are based on
a comprehensive comparison of the range of objects or facts in
any branch or department, and which aim to study out and treat of
the fundamental laws or systems of relation pervading them; as,
comparative anatomy, comparative physiology,
comparative philology.
Com*par"a*tive, n. (Gram.)
The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs; also, the
form by which the comparative degree is expressed; as,
stronger, wiser, weaker, wore
stormy, less windy, are all
comparatives.
In comparatives is expressed a relation of two; as
in superlatives there is a relation of many.
2. An equal; a rival; a compeer.
[Obs.]
Gerard ever was
His full comparative.
Beau. & Fl.
3. One who makes comparisons; one who affects
wit. [Obs.] \'bdEvery beardless vain
comparative.\'b8
Shak.
Com*par"a*tive*ly, adv. According to
estimate made by comparison; relatively; not positively or
absolutely.
With but comparatively few exceptions.
Prescott.
Com"pa*ra`tor (? , n.
[L., a comparater.] (Physics) An
instrument or machine for comparing anything to be measured with
a standard measure; -- applied especially to a machine for
comparing standards of length.
Com*pare" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Compared
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Comparing.] [L.comparare,
fr. compar like or equal to another; com- +
par equal: cf. F. comparer. See
Pair, Peer an equal, and cf.
Compeer.] 1. To examine the
character or qualities of, as of two or more persons or things,
for the purpose of discovering their resemblances or differences;
to bring into comparison; to regard with discriminating
attention.
Compare dead happiness with living woe.
Shak.
The place he found beyond expression bright,
Compared with aught on earth.
Milton.
Compare our faces and be judge yourself.
Shak.
To compare great things with small.
Milton.
2. To represent as similar, for the purpose of
illustration; to liken.
Solon compared the people unto the sea, and orators
and counselors to the winds; for that the sea would be calm and
quiet if the winds did not trouble it.
Bacon.
3. (Gram.) To inflect according to the
degrees of comparison; to state positive, comparative, and
superlative forms of; as, most adjectives of one syllable are
compared by affixing \'bd-er\'b8 and \'bd-est\'b8 to the
positive form; as, black, blacker,
blackest; those of more than one syllable are
usually compared by prefixing \'bdmore\'b8 and
\'bdmost\'b8, or \'bdless\'b8 and \'bdleast\'b8, to the positive;
as, beautiful, more beautiful, most
beautiful.
Syn. -- To Compare, Compare with,
Compare to. Things are compared
with each other in order to learn their relative value
or excellence. Thus we compare Cicero with
Demosthenes, for the sake of deciding which was the greater
orator. One thing is compared to another because of a
real or fanciful likeness or similarity which exists between
them. Thus it has been common to compare the eloquence of
Demosthenes to a thunderbolt, on account of its force,
and the eloquence of Cicero to a conflagration, on
account of its splendor. Burke compares the parks of London
to the lungs of the human body.
Com*pare" (?), v. i. 1.
To be like or equal; to admit, or be worthy of, comparison;
as, his later work does not compare with his
earlier.
I should compare with him in excellence.
Shak.
2. To vie; to assume a likeness or equality.
Shall pack horses . . . compare with C\'91sars?
Shak.
Com*pare", n. 1.
Comparison. [Archaic]
His mighty champion, strong beyond compare.
Milton.
Their small galleys may not hold compare
With our tall ships.
Waller.
2. Illustration by comprison; simile.
[Obs.]
Rhymes full of protest, of oath, and big
compare.
Shak.
Beyond compare. See Beyond
comparison, under Comparison.
Com*pare", v. t. [L.
comparare to prepare, procure; com- +
parare. See Prepare, Parade.]
To get; to procure; to obtain; to acquire
[Obs.]
To fill his bags, and richesse to compare.
Spenser.
Com*par"er (?), n. One who
compares.
Com*par"i*son (? , n.
[F. comparaison, L. comparatio. See
1st Compare.] 1. The act of
comparing; an examination of two or more objects with the view of
discovering the resemblances or differences; relative
estimate.
As sharp legal practitioners, no class of human beings can
bear comparison with them.
Macaulay.
The miracles of our Lord and those of the Old Testament afford
many interesting points of comparison.
Trench.
2. The state of being compared; a relative
estimate; also, a state, quality, or relation, admitting of being
compared; as, to bring a thing into comparison with
another; there is no comparison between them.
3. That to which, or with which, a thing is
compared, as being equal or like; illustration; similitude.
Whereto shall we liken the kingdom of God? Or with what
comparison shall we compare it?
Mark iv. 30.
4. (Gram.) The modification, by
inflection or otherwise, which the adjective and adverb undergo
to denote degrees of quality or quantity; as,
little, less, least, are examples of
comparison.
5. (Rhet.) A figure by which one person
or thing is compared to another, or the two are considered with
regard to some property or quality, which is common to them both;
e.g., the lake sparkled like a jewel.
6. (Phren.) The faculty of the
reflective group which is supposed to perceive resemblances and
contrasts.
Beyond comparison, so far superior as to have
no likeness, or so as to make comparison needless. --
In comparison of, In comparison
with, as compared with; in proportion to.
[Archaic] \'bdSo miserably unpeopled in
comparison of what it once was.\'b8
Addison. -- Comparison of hands
(Law), a mode of proving or disproving the
genuineness of a signature or writing by comparing it with
another proved or admitted to be genuine, in order to ascertain
whether both were written by the same person. Bouvier.
Burrill.
Com*par"i*son, v. t. To compare.
[Obs.]
Wyclif.
Com*part" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Comparted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Comparting.] [L.
compartiri; com- + partiri,
partire to share, pars, partis,
part, share: cf. OF. compartir. See Part,
v. t.] To divide; to mark out into parts or
subdivisions. [R.]
The crystal surface is comparted all
In niches verged with rubies.
Glover.
Com`par*ti"tion (?), n. [LL.
compartitio.] The act of dividing into
parts or compartments; division; also, a division or
compartment. [Obs.]
Their temples . . . needed no compartitions.
Sir H. Wotton.
Com*part"ment (?), n. [F.
compartiment, OF. compartir to divide. See
Compart.] 1. One of the parts into
which an inclosed portion of space is divided, as by partitions,
or lines; as, the compartments of a cabinet, a
house, or a garden.
In the midst was placed a large compartment
composed of grotesque work.
Carew.
2. (Shipbuilding) One of the sections
into which the hold of a ship is divided by water-tight
bulkheads.
Com*part"ner (?), n. See
Copartner. [Obs.]
Com"pass (?), n. [F.
compas, fr. LL. compassus circle, prop., a
stepping together; com- + passus pace,
step. See Pace, Pass.] 1. A
passing round; circuit; circuitous course.
They fetched a compass of seven day's journey.
2 Kings iii. 9.
This day I breathed first; time is come round,
And where I did begin, there shall I end;
My life is run his compass.
Shak.
2. An inclosing limit; boundary; circumference;
as, within the compass of an encircling
wall.
3. An inclosed space; an area; extent.
Their wisdom . . . lies in a very narrow
compass.
Addison.
<-- p. 289 -->
4. Extent; reach; sweep; capacity; sphere; as,
the compass of his eye; the compass of
imagination.
The compass of his argument.
Wodsworth.
5. Moderate bounds, limits of truth; moderation;
due limits; -- used with within.
In two hundred years before (I speak within
compass), no such commission had been executed.
Sir J. Davies.
6. (Mus.) The range of notes, or tones,
within the capacity of a voice or instument.
You would sound me from my lowest note to the top of my
compass.
Shak.
7. An instrument for determining directions upon
the carth's surface by means of a magnetized bar or needle
turning freely upon a pivot and pinting in a northerly and
southerly direction.
He that firat discovered the use of the compass did
more for the supplying and increase of useful commodities than
those who built workhouses.
Locke.
8. A pair of compasses. [R.]
To fix one foot of their compass wherever they
please.
Swift.
9. A circle; a continent. [Obs.]
The tryne compas [the threefold world containing
earth, sea, and heaven. Skeat.]
Chaucer.
Azimuth compass. See under
Azimuth. -- Beam compass. See under
Beam. -- Compass card, the eircular
card attached to the needles of a mariner's compass, on which are
marked the thirty-two points or rhumbs. -- Compass
dial, a small pocket compass fitted with a sundial to
tell the hour of the day. -- Compass plane
(Carp.), a plane, convex in the direction of its
length on the under side, for smoothing the concave faces of
curved woodwork. -- Compass plant,
Compass flower (Bot.), a plant
of the American prairies (Silphium laciniatum), not
unlike a small sunflower; rosinweed. Its lower and root leaves
are vertical, and on the prairies are disposed to present their
edges north and south.
Its leaves are turned to the north as true as the magnet:
This is the compass flower.
Longefellow.
-- Compass saw, a saw with a narrow blade, which
will cut in a curve; -- called also fret saw
and keyhole saw. -- Compass
timber (Shipbuilding), curved or crooked
timber. -- Compass window (Arch.),
a circular bay window or oriel window. It has two or more
magnetic needles permanently attached to a card, which moves
freely upon a pivot, and is read with reference to a mark on the
box representing the ship's head. The card is divided into
thirty-two points, called also rhumbs, and the
glass-covered box or bowl containing it is suspended in gimbals
within the binnacle, in order to preserve its horizontal
position. -- Surveyor's compass, an
instrument used in surveying for measuring horizontal angles. See
Circumferentor. -- Variation compass,
a compass of delicate construction, used in observations on
the variations of the needle. -- To fetch a
compass, to make a circuit.
Com"pass (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Compassed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Compassing.] [F. compasser,
LL. compassare.] 1. To go about or
entirely round; to make the circuit of.
Ye shall compass the city seven times.
Josh. vi. 4.
We the globe can compass soon.
Shak.
2. To inclose on all sides; to surround; to
encircle; to envior; to invest; to besiege; -- used with
about, round, around, and
round about.
With terrors and with clamors compassed round.
Milton.
Now all the blessings
Of a glad cast a trench about thee, and compass
thee round.uke xix. 43.
3. To reach round; to circumvent; to get within
one's power; to obtain; to accomplish.
If I can chek my erring love, I will:
If not, to compass her I'll use my skill.
Shak.
How can you to compass your designs?
Denham.
4. To curve; to bend into a circular form.
[Obs. except in carpentry and shipbuilding.]
Shak.
5. (Law) To purpose; to intend; to
imagine; to plot.
Compassing and imagining the death of
the king are synonymous terms; compassing signifying
the purpose or design of the mind or will, and not, as in common
speech, the carrying such design to effect.
Blackstone.
Com"pass*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being compassed or accomplished.
Burke.
Com"passed (?), a. Rounded;
arched. [Obs.]
She came . . . into the compassed window.
Shak.
Com"pass*es (?), n.,
pl. An instrument for describing circles,
measuring figures, etc., consisting of two, or (rarely) more,
pointed branches, or legs, usually joined at the top by a rivet
on which they move.
dividers. See
Dividers.
Bow compasses. See Bow-compass.
-- Caliber compasses, Caliper
compasses. See Calipers. --
Proportional, Triangular, etc.,
compasses. See under Proportional,
etc.
Com"pass*ing (?), a.
(Shipbuilding) Curved; bent; as,
compassing timbers.
Com*pas"sion (?), n. [F., fr.
L. compassio, fr. compati to have
compassion; com- + pati to bear, suffer.
See Patient.] Literally, suffering with
another; a sensation of sorrow excited by the distress or
misfortunes of another; pity; commiseration.
Womanly igenuity set to work by womanly
compassion.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Pity; sympathy; commiseration; fellow-feeling;
mercy; condolence. See Pity.
Com*pas"sion, v. t. To pity.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Com*pas"sion*a*ble (?), a.
Deserving compassion or pity; pitiable.
[R.]
Barrow.
Com*pas"sion*ate (?), a. 1.
Having a temper or disposition to pity; sympathetic;
merciful.
There never was any heart truly great and generous, that was
not also tender and compassionate.
South.
2. Complaining; inviting pity; pitiable.
[R.]
Shak.
Syn. -- Sympathizing; tender; merciful; pitiful.
Com*pas"sion*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Compassionated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Compassionating
(#).] To have compassion for; to pity;
to commiserate; to sympathize with.
Compassionates my pains, and pities me.
Addison.
Com*pas"sion*ate*ly (?), adv.
In a compassionate manner; mercifully.
Clarendon.
Com*pas"sion*ate*ness, n. The quality or
state of being compassionate.
Com"pass*less (?), a. Having no
compass.
Knowles.
Com`pa*ter"ni*ty (?), n. [LL.
compaternitas, fr. compater godfather;
com- + pater father.] The
relation of a godfather to a person. [Obs.]
The relation of gossipred or compaternity by the
cannon law is a spiritual affinity.
Sir J. Da
Com*pat`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. compatibilit.] The quality or power
of being compatible or congruous; congruity; as, a
compatibility of tempers; a compatibility of
properties.
Com*pat"i*ble (?), a. [F., fr.
LL.compatibilis, fr. L. compati. See
Compassion.] Capable of existing in harmony;
congruous; suitable; not repugnant; -- usually followed by
with.
Our poets have joined together such qualities as are by nature
the most compatible.
Broome.
Syn. -- Consistent; suitable; agreeable; accordant.
Com*pat"i*ble*ness, n. Compatibility;
consistency; fitness; agreement.
Com*pat"i*bly, adv. In a compatible
manner.
Comm*pa"tient (?), a. [L.
compatients, p. pr. of compati. See
Compassion.] Suffering or enduring
together. [Obs.]
Sir G. Buck.
Com*pa"tri*ot (?), n. [F.
compatriote, LL. compatriotus;
com- + patriota a native. See
Patriot, and cf. Copatriot.] One of
the same country, and having like interests and feeling.
The distrust with which they felt themselves to be regarded by
their compatriots in America.
Palfrey.
Com*pa"tri*ot, a. Of the same country;
having a common sentiment of patriotism.
She [Britain] rears to freedom an undaunted race,
Compatriot, zealous, hospitable, kind.
Thomson.
Com*pa"tri*ot*ism (?), n. The
condition of being compatriots.
Com*pear" (?), v. i. [F.
comparior, L. compar; com-
+ par to appear.] 1. To
appear. [Obs.]
2. (Law) To appear in court personally
or by attorney. [Scot]
Com*peer" (?), [OE. comper,
through French fr. L. compar; com- +
par equal. See Peer an equal, and cf. 1st
Compare.] An equal, as in rank, age, prowess,
etc.; a companion; a comrade; a mate.
And him thus answer 'd soon his bold compeer.
Milton.
Com*peer", v. t. To be equal with; to
match. [R.]
In my rights,
By me invested, he compeers the best.
Shak.
{ Com*peer", Com*peir" (?),
} v. i. See Conpear.
Com*pel" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Compelled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n
Compelling.] [L. compellere,
compilstum, to drive together, to compel, urge;
com- + pellere to drive: cf. OF. compellir.
See Pulse.] 1. To drive or urge with
force, or irresistibly; to force; to constrain; to oblige; to
necessitate, either by physical or moral force.
Wolsey . . . compelled the people to pay up the
whole subsidy at once.
Hallam.
And they compel one Simon . . . to bear his
cross.
Mark xv. 21.
2. To take by force or violence; to seize; to
exact; to extort. [R.]
Commissions, which compel from each
The sixth part of his substance.
Shak.
3. To force to yield; to overpower; to
subjugate.
Easy sleep their weary limbs compelled.
Dryden.
I compel all creatures to my will.
Tennyson.
4. To gather or unite in a crowd or company.
[A Latinism] \'bdIn one troop
compelled.\'b8
Dryden.
5. To call forth; to summon.
[Obs.]
Chapman.
She had this knight from far compelled.
Spenser.
Syn. -- To force; constrain; oblige; necessitate; coerce.
See Coerce.
Com*pel" (?), v. i. To make one
yield or submit. \'bdIf she can not entreat, I can not
compel.\'b8
Shak.
Com*pel"la*ble (?), a. Capable
of being compelled or constrained.
Blackstone.
Com*pel"la*bly, adv. By
compulsion.
Com`pel*la"tion (?), n. [L.
compellatio, fr. compellare to accost, fr.
compellere. See Compel.] Style of
address or salutation; an appellation. \'bdMetaphorical
compellations.\'b8
Milton.
He useth this endearing compellation, \'bdMy little
children.\'b8
Bp. Beveridge.
The peculiar compellation of the kings in France is
by \'bdSire,\'b8 which is nothing else but father.
Sir W. Temple.
Com*pel"la*tive (?), n.
(Gram.) The name by which a person is addressed;
an appellative.
Com*pel"la*to*ry (?), a.
Serving to compel; compulsory. [R.]
Com*pel"ler (?), n. One who
compels or constrains.
Com"pend (?), n. A compendium;
an epitome; a summary.
A compend and recapitulation of the Mosaical
law.
Bp. Burnet.
Com*pen`di*a"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
compendiarius.] Short; compendious.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Com*pen"di*ate (?), v. t. [L.
compendiatus, p. p. of compendiare to
shorten, fr. compendium.] To sum or collect
together. [Obs.]
Bp. King.
Com*pen"di*ous (?), a. [L.
compendiosus.] Containing the substance oe
general principles of a subject or work in a narrow compass;
abridged; summarized.
More compendious and exeditious ways.
Woodward.
Three things be required in the oration of a man having
authority -- that it be compendious, sententious, and
delectable.
Sir T. Elyot.
Syn. -- Short; summary; abridged; condensed; comprehensive;
succinct; brief; concise.
Com*pen"di*ous*ly, dv. In a compendious
manner.
Compendiously exressed by the word chaos.
Bentley.
Com*pen"di*ous*ness, n. The state or
quality of being compendious.
Com*pen"di*um (?), n.; pl. E.
Compendiums (#), L. Compendia
(#). [L. compendium that which is
wieghed, saved, or shortened, a short way, fr.
compendere to weigh; com- +
pendere to weigh. See Pension, and cf.
Compend.] A brief compilation or composition,
containing the principal heads, or general principles, of a
larger work or system; an abridgment; an epitome; a compend; a
condensed summary.
A short system or compendium of a sience.
I. Watts.
Syn. -- See Abridgment.
Com"pen*sate (? , v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Compensated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Compensating.] [L.
compensatus, p. p. of compensare, prop., to
weigh several things with one another, to balance with one
another, verb intens. fr. compendere. See
Compendum.] 1. To make equal return to; to
remunerate; to recompence; to give an equivalent to; to requite
suitably; as, to compensate a laborer for his work,
or a merchant for his losses.
2. To be equivalent in value or effect to; to
counterbalance; to make up for; to make amends for.
The length of the night and the dews thereof do
compensate the heat of the day.
Bacon.
The pleasures of life do not compensate the
miseries.
Prior.
Syn. -- To recompense; remunerate; indemnify; reward;
requite; counterbalance.
Com"pen*sate, v. i. To make amends; to
supply an equivalent; -- followed by for; as,
nothing can compensate for the loss of
reputation.
Com`pen*sa"tion (?), n. [L.
compensatio a weighing, a balancing of
accounts.] 1. The act or principle of
compensating.
Emerson.
2. That which constitutes, or is regarded as, an
equivalent; that which makes good the lack or variation of
something else; that which compensates for loss or privation;
amends; remuneration; recompense.
The parliament which dissolved the monastic foundations . . .
vouchsafed not a word toward securing the slightest
compensation to the dispossessed owners.
Hallam.
No pecuniary compensation can possibly reward
them.
Burke.
3. (Law) (a)The extinction of
debts of which two persons are reciprocally debtors by the
credits of which they are reciprocally creditors; the payment of
a debt by a credit of equal amount; a set-off. Bouvier.
Wharton. (b) A recompense or reward for some
loss or service. (c) An equivalent stipulated
for in contracts for the sale of real eatate, in which it is
customary to privide that errors in description, etc., shall not
avoid, but shall be the subject of compensation.
Compensation balance, or
Compensated balance, a kind of balance wheel for a
timepiece. The rim is usually made of two different expansibility
under changes of temperature, so arranged as to counteract each
other and preserve uniformity of movement. --
Compensation pendulum. See
Pendulum.
Syn. -- Recompense; reward; indemnification; consideration;
requital; satisfaction; set-off.
Com*pen"sa*tive (?), a. [LL.
compensativus.] Affording
compensation.
Com*pen"sa*tive, n. Compensation.
[R.]
Lamb.
Com"pen*sa`tor (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, compensates; -- a name applied to
various mechanical devices.
2. (Naut.) An iron plate or magnet
placed near the compass on iron vessels to neutralize the effect
of the ship's attraction on the needle.
Com*pen"sa*to*ry (?), a.
Serving for compensation; making amends.
Jer. Taylor.
<-- p. 290 -->
Com*pense" (?), v. t. [F.
compenser. See Compensate.] To
compensate. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Com`pe*ren"di*nate (?), v. t.
[L. comperendinatus, p. p. of
comperendinare to defer (the time of trial.)]
To delay.
Bailey.
Com*pesce" (?), v. t. [L.
compescere.] To hold in check; to
restrain. [R.]
Carlyle.
Com*pete" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Competed; p.
pr. & vb. n. Competing.] [L.
completere, competitum; com- +
petere to seek. See Petition.] To
contend emulously; to seek or strive for the same thing,
position, or reward for which another is striving; to contend in
rivalry, as for a prize or in business; as, tradesmen
compete with one another.
The rival statesmen, with eyes fixed on America, were all the
while competing for European alliances.
Bancroft.
{ Com"pe*tence (?), Com"pe*ten*cy
(?) }, n. [Cf. F.
comp\'82tence, from L. competentia
agreement.] 1. The state of being competent;
fitness; ability; adequacy; power.
The loan demonstrates, in regard to instrumental resources,
the competency of this kingdom to the assertion of the
common cause.
Burke.
To make them act zealously is not in the competence
of law.
Burke.
2. Property or means sufficient for the necessaries
and conveniences of life; sifficiency without excess.
Reason's whole pleasure, all the joys of sense,
Lie in three words -- health, peace, and
competence.
Pope.
Superfluity comes sooner by white hairs, but
competency lives longer.
Shak.
3. (Law) (a) Legal capacity or
qualifications; fitness; as, the competency of a
witness or of a evidence. (b) Right or
authority; legal power or capacity to take cognizance of a cause;
as, the competence of a judge or court.
Kent.
Com"pe*tent (?; 94), a. [F.
comp\'82tent, p. pr. of comp\'82ter to be
in the competency of, LL. competere to strive after
together, to agree with; hence, to be fit. See
Compete.] 1. Answering to all
requirements; adeqouate; sufficient; suitable; capable; legally
qualified; fit. \'bdA competent knowledge of the
world.\'b8 Arrerbury. \'bdCompetent age.\'b8
Grafton. \'bdCompetent statesmen.\'b8
Palfrey. /\'bdA competent witness.\'b8
Bouvier.
2. Rightfully or properly belonging; incident; --
followed by to. [Rare, except in legal
usage.]
That is the privillege of the infinite Author of things, . . .
but is not competent to any finite being.
Locke.
Syn. -- See Qualified.
Com"pe*tent*ly, adv. In a competent
manner; adequately; suitably.
Com*pet"i*ble (?), a.
Compatible; suitable; consistent. [Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.
Com`pe*ti"tion (?), n. [L.
competitio. See Conpete.] The act
of seeking, or endevearing to gain, what another is endeavoring
to gain at the same time; common strife for the same objects;
strife for superiority; emulous contest; rivalry, as for
approbation, for a prize, or as where two or more persons are
engaged in the same business and each seeking patronage; --
followed by for before the object sought, and
with before the person or thing competed with.
Competition to the crown there is none, nor can
be.
Bacon.
A portrait, with which one of Titian's could not come in
competititon.
Dryden.
There is no competition but for the second
place.
Dryden.
Where competition does not act at all there is
complete monopoly.
A. T. Hadley.
Syn. -- Emulation; rivalry; rivalship; contest; struggle;
contention; opposition; jealousy. See Emulation.
Com*pet"i*tive (?), a. Of or
pertaining to competition; producing competition; competitory;
as, a competitive examination.
Com*pet"i*tor (?), n. [L.: cf.
F. comp\'82titeur.] 1. One who
seeks what another seeks, or claims what another claims; one who
competes; a rival.
And can not brook competitors in love.
Shak.
2. An associate; a confederate.
[Obs.]
Every hour more competitors
Flock to their aid, and still their power increaseth.
Shak.
Com*pet"i*to*ry (?), a. Acting
in competition; competing; rival.
Com*pet"i*tress (?), n. A woman
who competes.
Com*pet"i*trix (?), n.
[L.] A competitress.
Com"pi*la"tion (?), n. [L.
compilatio: cf. F. compilation.]
1. The act or process of compiling or gathering
together from various sources.
2. That which is compiled; especially, a book or
document composed of materials gathering from other books or
documents.
His [Goldsmith's] compilations are widely
distinguished from the compilations of ordinary
bookmakers.
Macaulay.
Com"pi*la`tor (?), n.
[L.] Compiler. [Obs.]
Com*pile" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Compiled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Compiling.] [F. compiler,
fr.L. compilare to plunder, pillage; com- +
pilare to plunder. See Pill, v.
t., Pillage.] 1. To put
together; to construct; to build. [Obs.]
Before that Merlin died, he did intend
A brazen wall in compass to compile.
Spenser.
2. To contain or comprise.
[Obs.]
Which these six books compile.
Spenser.
3. To put together in a new form out of materials
already existing; esp., to put together or compose out of
materials from other books or documents.
He [Goldsmith] compiled for the use of schools a
History of Rome.
Macaulay.
4. To write; to compose. [Obs.]
Sir W. Temple.
Com*pile"ment (?), n.
Compilation. [R.]
Com*pil"er (?), n. [OE.
compiluor; cf. OF. compileor, fr. L.
compilator.] One who compiles; esp., one
who makes books by compilation.
Com*pinge" (?), v. t. [L.
compingere.] To compress; to shut up.
[Obs.]
Burton.
{ Com*pla"cence (?),
Com*pla"cen*cy (?) }, n.
[LL. complacentia: cf. F.
complaisance. See Complacent, and cf.
Complaisance.] 1. Calm contentment;
satisfaction; gratification.
The inward complacence we find in acting reasonably
and virtuously.
Atterbury.
Others proclaim the infirmities of a great man with
satisfaction and complacency, if they discover none of
the like in themselves.
Addison.
2. The cause of pleasure or joy. \'bdO thou,
my sole complacence.\'b8
Milton.
3. The manifestation of contentment or
satisfaction; good nature; kindness; civility; affability.
Complacency, and truth, and manly sweetness,
Dwell ever on his tongue, and smooth his thoughts.
Addison.
With mean complacence ne'er betray your trust.
Pope.
Com*pla"cent (?), a. [L.
complacens very pleasing, p. pr. of
complacere; com- + placere to
please: cf. F. complaisant. See Please and
cf. Complaisant.] Self-satisfied; contented;
kindly; as, a complacent temper; a
complacent smile.
They look up with a sort of complacent awe . . . to
kings.
Burke.
Com`pla*cen"tial (?), a. Marked
by, or causing, complacence. [Obs.]
\'bdComplacential love.\'b8
Baxter.
Com*pla"cent*ly (?), adv. In a
complacent manner.
Com*plain" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Complained
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Complaining.] [F.
complaindre, LL. complangere;
com- + L. plangere to strike, beat, to beat
the breast or head as a sign of grief, to lament. See
Plaint.] 1. To give utterance to
expression of grief, pain, censure, regret. etc.; to lament; to
murmur; to find fault; -- commonly used with of. Also,
to creak or squeak, as a timber or wheel.
O lose of sight, of three I most complain!
Milton.
2. To make a formal accusation; to make a
charge.
Now, Master Shallow, you'll complain of me to the
king?
Shak.
Syn. -- To repine; grumble; deplore; bewail; grieve; mourn;
regret; murmur.
Com*plain", v. t. To lament; to
bewail. [Obs.]
They might the grievance inwardly complain.
Daniel.
By chaste Lucrece's soul that late complain'd
Her wrongs to us.
Shak.
Com*plain"a*ble (?), a. That
may be complained of. [R.]
Feltham.
Com*plain"ant (?), n. [F.
complaignant, p. pr. of complaindre.]
1. One who makes complaint.
Eager complainants of the dispute.
Collier.
2. (Law) (a) One who commences
a legal process by a complaint. (b) The party
suing in equity, answering to the plaintiff at common law.
He shall forfeit one moiety to the use of the town, and the
other moiety to the use of the complainant.
Statutes of Mass.
Com*plain"er (?), n. One who
complains or laments; one who finds fault; a murmurer.
Beattie.
Speechless complainer, I will learn thy
thought.
Shak.
Com*plaint" (?), n. [F.
complainte. See Complain.] 1.
Expression of grief, regret, pain, censure, or resentment;
lamentation; murmuring; accusation; fault-finding.
I poured out my complaint before him.
Ps. cxlii. 2.
Grievous complaints of you.
Shak.
2. Cause or subject of complaint or
murmuring.
The poverty of the clergy in England hath been the
complaint of all who wish well to the church.
Swift.
3. An ailment or disease of the body.
One in a complaint of his bowels.
Arbuthnot.
4. (Law) A formal allegation or charge
against a party made or presented to the appropriate court or
officer, as for a wrong done or a crime committed (in the latter
case, generally under oath); an information; accusation; the
initial bill in proceedings in equity.
Syn. -- Lamentation; murmuring; sorrow; grief; disease;
illness; disorder; malady; ailment.
Com*plaint"ful (?), a. Full of
complaint. [Obs.]
Com"plai*sance` (?; 277), n.
[F. complaisance. See Complaisant, and
cf. Complacence.] Disposition to please or
oblige; obliging compliance with the wishes of others; a
deportment indicative of a desire to please; courtesy;
civility.
These [ladies] . . . are by the just complaisance
and gallantry of our nation the most powerful part of our
people.
Addison.
They strive with their own hearts and keep them down,
In complaisance to all the fools in town.
Young.
Syn. -- Civility; courtesy; urbanity; suavity; affability;
good breeding.
Com"plai*sant (?), a. [F.
complaisant, p. pr. of complaire to
acquiesce as a favor, fr. L. complacere. See
Complacent.] Desirous to please; courteous;
obliging; compliant; as, a complaisant
gentleman.
There are to whom my satire seems too bold:
Scarce to wise Peter complaisant enough.
Pope.
Syn. -- Obliging; courteous; affable; gracious; civil;
polite; well-bred. See Obliging.
-- Com"plai*sant`ly, adv. --
Com"plai*sant`ness, n.
Com*pla"nar (?), a. See
Coplanar.
Com"pla*nate (? , a.
[L. complanatus, p. p. of complanare
to make plane. See Plane, v. t.]
Flattened to a level surface. [R.]
Com"pla*nate (?), v. t. To make
level. [R.]
Com*plect"ed (?), a.
Complexioned. [Low, New Eng.]
Com"ple*ment (?), n. [L.
complementun: cf. F. compl\'82ment. See
Complete, v. t., and cf.
Compliment.] 1. That which fills up
or completes; the quantity or number required to fill a thing or
make it complete.
2. That which is required to supply a deficiency,
or to complete a symmetrical whole.
History is the complement of poetry.
Sir J. Stephen.
3. Full quantity, number, or amount; a complete
set; completeness.
To exceed his complement and number appointed him
which was one hundred and twenty persons.
Hakluyt.
4. (Math.) A second quantity added to a
given quantity to make equal to a third given quantity.
5. Something added for ornamentation; an
accessory. [Obs.]
Without vain art or curious complements.
Spenser.
6. (Naut.) The whole working force of a
vessel.
7. (Mus.) The interval wanting to
complete the octave; -- the fourth is the complement
of the fifth, the sixth of the third.
8. A compliment. [Obs.]
Shak.
Arithmetical compliment of a logarithm. See
under Logarithm. -- Arithmetical complement of
a number (Math.), the difference between
that number and the next higher power of 10; as, 4 is the
complement of 6, and 16 of 84. --
Complement of an arc angle (Geom.), the difference
between that arc or angle and 90 -- Complement of
a parallelogram. (Math.) See
Gnomon. -- In her complement
(Her.), said of the moon when represented as
full.
Com"ple*ment (?), v. t. 1.
To supply a lack; to supplement. [R.]
2. To compliment. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Com`ple*men"tal (?), a. 1.
Supplying, or tending to supply, a deficiency; fully
completing. \'bdComplemental ceremony.\'b8
Prynne.
2. Complimentary; courteous.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Complemental air (Physiol.), the
air (averaging 100 cubic inches) which can be drawn into the
lungs in addition to the tidal air, by the deepest possible
inspiration. -- Complemental males
(Zo\'94l.), peculiar small males living
parasitically on the ordinary hermaphrodite individuals of
certain barnacles.
Com`ple*men"ta"ry (?), a.
Serving to fill out or to complete; as,
complementary numbers.
Complementary colors. See under
Color. -- Complementary angles
(Math.), two angles whose sum is 90\'f8.
Com`ple*men"ta*ry, n. [See
Complimentary.] One skilled in
compliments. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Com"plete" (?), a. [L.
completus, p. p. of complere to fill. See
Full, a., and cf. Comply,
Compline.] 1. Filled up; with no
part or element lacking; free from deficienty; entire; perfect;
consummate. \'bdComplete perfections.\'b8
Milton.
Ye are complete in him.
Col. ii. 10.
That thou, dead corse, again in complete steel
Revesit'st thus the glimpses of the moon.
Shak.
2. Finished; ended; concluded; completed; as,
the edifice is complete.
This course of vanity almost complete.
Prior.
3. (Bot.) Having all the parts or organs
which belong to it or to the typical form; having calyx, corolla,
stamens, and pistil.
Syn. -- See Whole.
Com*plete", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Completed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Completing.] To bring to a state in
which there is no deficiency; to perfect; to consummate; to
accomplish; to fulfill; to finish; as, to complete a
task, or a poem; to complete a course of
education.
Bred only and completed to the taste
Of lustful appetence.
Milton.
And, to complete her bliss, a fool for mate.
Pope.
Syn. -- To perform; execute; terminate; conclude; finish;
end; fill up; achieve; realize; effect; consummate; accomplish;
effectuate; fulfill; bring to pass.
Com*plete"ly, adv. In a complete manner;
fully.
Com*plete"ment (?), n. Act of
completing or perfecting; completion. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Com*plete"ness, n. The state of being
complete.
Com*ple"tion (?), n. [L.
completio a filling, a fulfillment.] 1.
The act or process of making complete; the getting through
to the end; as, the completion of an undertaking, an
education, a service.
The completion of some repairs.
Prescott.
2. State of being complete; fulfillment;
accomplishment; realization.
Predictions receiving their completion in
Christ.
South.
Com*ple"tive (?), a. [L.
completivus: cf. F. compl.]
Making complete. [R.]
J. Harris.
Com*ple"to*ry (?), a. Serving
to fulfill.
Completory of ancient presignifications.
Barrow.
Com"ple*to"ry (? , n.
[L. completorium.] (Eccl.)
Same as Compline.
Com"plex (?), a. [L.
complexus, p. p. of complecti to entwine
around, comprise; com- + plectere to twist,
akin to plicare to fold. See Plait,
n.] 1. Composed of two or more
parts; composite; not simple; as, a complex being; a
complex idea.
Ideas thus made up of several simple ones put together, I call
complex; such as beauty, gratitude, a man, an army,
the universe.
Locke.
2. Involving many parts; complicated;
intricate.
When the actual motions of the heavens are calculated in the
best possible way, the process is difficult and
complex.
Whewell.
Complex fraction. See Fraction.
-- Complex number (Math.), in the
theory of numbers, an expression of the form a +
b, when a and b are ordinary
integers.
Syn. -- See Intricate.
Com"plex, n. [L.
complexus] Assemblage of related things;
colletion; complication.
This parable of the wedding supper comprehends in it the whole
complex of all the blessings and privileges exhibited
by the gospel.
South.
Complex of lines (Geom.), all the
possible straight lines in space being considered, the entire
system of lines which satisfy a single relation constitute a
complex; as, all the lines which meet a given curve
make up a complex. The lines which satisfy two
relations constitute a congruency of lines; as, the
entire system of lines, each one of which meets two given
surfaces, is a congruency.
<-- p. 291 -->
Com*plexed" (?), a. Complex,
complicated. [Obs.] \'bdComplexed
significations.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Com*plex"ed*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being complex or involved;
complication.
The complexedness of these moral ideas.
Locke.
Com*plex"ion (?), n. [F.
complexion, fr. L. complexio. See
Complex, a.] 1. The state of being
complex; complexity. [Obs.]
Though the terms of propositions may be complex, yet . . . it
is proprly called a simple syllogism, since the
complexion does not belong to the syllogistic form of
it.
I. Watts.
2. A combination; a complex.
[Archaic]
This paragraph is . . . a complexion of
sophisms.
Coleridge.
3. The bodily constitution; the temperament;
habitude, or natural disposition; character; nature.
[Obs.]
If his complexion incline him to melancholy.
Milton.
It is the complexion of them all to leave the
dam.
Shak.
4. The color or hue of the skin, esp. of the
face.
Tall was her stature, her complexion dark.
Wordswoorth.
Between the pale complexion of true love,
And the red glow of scron and proud disdain.
Shak.
5. The general appearance or aspect; as, the
complexion of the sky; the complexion of the
news.
Com*plex"ion*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to constitutional complexion.
A moral rather than a complexional timidity.
Burke.
Com*plex"ion*al*ly, adv.
Constitutionally. [R.]
Though corruptible, not complexionally vicious.
Burke.
Com*plex"ion*a*ry (?), a.
Pertaining to the complexion, or to the care of it.
Jer. Taylor.
Com*plex"ioned (?), a. Having
(such) a complexion; -- used in composition; as, a
dark-complexioned or a ruddy-complexioned
person.
A flower is the best-complexioned grass, as a pearl
is the best-colored clay.
Fuller.
Com*plex"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Complexities (#). [Cf. F.
complexit\'82.] 1. The state of
being complex; intricacy; entanglement.
The objects of society are of the greatest possible
complexity.
Burke.
2. That which is complex; intricacy;
complication.
Many-corridored complexities
Of Arthur's palace.
Tennyson.
Com"plex`ly (?), adv. In a
complex manner; not simply.
Com"plex`ness, n. The state of being
complex; complexity.
A. Smith.
\'d8Com*plex"us (?), n. [L., an
embracing.] A complex; an aggregate of parts; a
complication.
Com*pli"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of bending or yielding; apt to yield; compliant.
Another compliable mind.
Milton.
The Jews . . . had made their religion compliable,
and accemodated to their passions.
Jortin.
Com*pli"ance (?), n. [See
Comply.] 1. The act of complying; a
yielding; as to a desire, demand, or proposal; concession;
submission.
What compliances will remove dissension?
Swift.
Ready compliance with the wishes of his people.
Macaulay.
2. A disposition to yield to others;
complaisance.
A man of few words and of great compliance.
Clarendon.
Syn. -- Concession; submission; consent; obedience;
performance; execution; acqquiescence; assent.
Com*pli"an*cy (?), n.
Compliance; disposition to yield to others.
Goldsmith.
Com*pli"ant (?), a. Yielding;
bending; pliant; submissive. \'bdThe compliant
boughs.\'b8
Milton.
Com*pli"ant*ly, adv. In a compliant
manner.
Com"pli*ca*cy (?), n. A state
of being complicate or intricate.
Mitford.
Com"pli*cant (?), a. [L.
complicans, p. pr.] (Zo\'94l.)
Overlapping, as the elytra of certain beetles.
Com"pli*cate (?), a. [L.
complicatus, p. p. of complicare to fold
together. See Complex.] 1. Composed
of two or more parts united; complex; complicated;
involved.
How poor, how rich, how abject, how august,
How complicate, how wonderful is man!
Young.
2. (Bot.) Folded together, or upon
itself, with the fold running lengthwise.
Com"pli*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Complicated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Complicating.] To
fold or twist together; to combine intricately; to make complex;
to combine or associate so as to make intricate or
difficult.
Nor can his complicated sinews fail.
Young.
Avarice and luxury very often become one
complicated principle of action.
Addison.
When the disease is complicated with other
diseases.
Arbuthnot.
Com"pli*cate*ly (?), adv. In a
complex manner.
Com"pli*cate*ness, n. Complexity.
Sir M. Hale.
Com`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
compliasion: cf. F. complication.]
1. The act or process of complicating; the state of
being complicated; intricate or confused relation of parts;
entaglement; complexity.
A complication of diseases.
Macaulay.
Through and beyond these dark complications of the
present, the New England founders looked to the great necessities
of future times.
Palfrey.
2. (Med.) A disease or diseases, or
adventitious circumstances or conditions, coexistent with and
modifying a primary disease, but not necessarily connected with
it.
Com"plice (?), n.; pl.
Complices (#). [F., fr. L.
complex, -plicis, closely connected with
one, confederate. See Complicate, and cf.
Accomplice.] An accomplice.
[Obs.]
To quell the rebels and their complices.
Shak.
Com*plic"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Complicities (#). [F.
complicit\'82.] The state of being an
accomplice; participation in guilt.
Com*pli"er (?), n. One who
complies, yields, or obeys; one of an easy, yieldy temper.
Swift.
Com"pli*ment (?), n. [F.
compliment. It complimento, fr.
comlire to compliment, finish, suit, fr. L.
complere to fill up. See Complete, and cf.
Complement.] An expression, by word or act,
of approbation, regard, confidence, civility, or admiration; a
flattering speech or attention; a ceremonious greeting; as,
to send one's compliments to a friend.
Tedious waste of time, to sit and hear
So many hollow compliments and lies.
Milton.
Many a compliment politely penned.
Cowper.
To make one a compliment, to show one respect;
to praise one in a flattering way.Locke.
-- To make one's compliments to, to offer formal
courtesias to. -- To stand on compliment, to
treat with ceremony.
Syn. -- See Adulation.
Com"pli*ment (?), v. t. To
praise, flatter, or gratify, by expressions of approbation,
respect, or congratulation; to make or pay a compliment to.
Monarchs should their inward soul disguise; . . .
Should compliment their foes and shun their
friends.
Prior.
Syn. -- To praise; flatter; adulate; commend.
Com"pli*ment, v. i. To pass compliments;
to use conventional expressions of respect.
I make the interlocutors, upon occasion, compliment
with one another.
Boyle.
Com`pli*men"tal (?), a.
Complimentary. [Obs.]
Languages . . . grow rich and abundant in
complimental phrases, and such froth.
Sir H. Wotton.
-- Com`pli*men"tal*ly, adv.
[Obs.] Boyle. --
Com`pli*men"tal*ness, n. [Obs.]
Hammond.
Com`pli*men"ta*ry (?), a.
Expressive of regard or praise; of the nature of, or
containing, a compliment; as, a complimentary
remark; a complimentary ticket.
\'bdComplimentary addresses.\'b8
Prescott.
Com`pli*men"ta*tive (?), a.
Complimentary. [R.]
Boswell.
Com"pli*ment`er (?), n. One who
compliments; one given to complimenting; a flatterer.
{ Com"pline, Com"plin }
(?), n. [From OE. complie,
OF. complie, F. complies, pl., fr. LL.
completa (prop. fem. of L. completus) the
religious exercise which completes and closes the service of the
day. See Complete.] (Eccl.) The
last division of the Roman Catholic breviary; the seventh and
last of the canonical hours of the Western church; the last
prayer of the day, to be said after sunset.
The custom of godly man been to shut up the evening with a
compline of prayer at nine of the night.
Hammond.
Com"plot (?), n. [F.
complot, prob. for comploit, fr.L.
complicitum, prop. p. p. of complicare, but
equiv. to complicatio complication, entangling. See
Complicate, and cf. Plot.] A
plotting together; a confederacy in some evil design; a
conspiracy.
I know their complot is to have my life.
Shak.
Com*plot" (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Complotted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Complotting.] [Cf.
F. comploter, fr. complot.] To
plot or plan together; to conspire; to join in a secret
design.
We find them complotting together, and contriving a
new scence of miseries to the Trojans.
Pope.
Com*plot"ment (?), n. A
plotting together. [R.]
Com*plot"ter (?), n. One joined
in a plot.
Dryden.
Com`plu*ten"sian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Complutum (now Alcala de Henares) a city
near Madrid; as, the Complutensian Bible.
\'d8Com*plu"vi*um (?), n.
[L.] (Arch.) A space left unroofed
over the court of a Roman dwelling, through which the rain fell
into the impluvium or cistern.
Com*ply" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Complied
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Complying.] [Perh. formed fr.
compliment, influenced by ply,
pliant, which are of different origin: cf. It.
complire to compliment, finish, suit. See
Compliment, Complete.] 1.
To yield assent; to accord; agree, or acquiesce; to adapt
one's self; to consent or conform; -- usually followed by
with.
Yet this be sure, in nothing to comply,
Scandalous or forbidden in our law.
Milton.
They did servilely comply with the people in
worshiping God by sensible images.
Tillotson.
He that complies against his will
Is of his own opinion still.
Hudibras.
2. To be ceremoniously courteous; to make one's
compliments. [Obs.]
Shak.
Com*ply", v. t. [See comply,
v. i.] 1. To fulfill; to
accomplish. [Obs.]
Chapman.
2. [Cf. L. complicare to fold up. See
Ply.] To infold; to embrace.
[Obs.]
Seemed to comply,
Cloudlike, the daintie deitie.
Herrick.
Com*pone" (?), v. t. [L.
componere. See Compound.] To
compose; to settle; to arrange. [Obs.]
A good pretense for componing peace.
Strype.
\'d8Com*po"ne (?), a.
[F.] See Compony.
Com*po"nent (?), a. [L.
componens, p. pr. of componere. See
Compound, v. t.] Serving, or
helping, to form; composing; constituting; constituent.
The component parts of natural bodies.
Sir I. Newton.
Com*po"nent, n. A constituent part; an
ingredient.
Component of force (Mech.), a force
which, acting conjointly with one or more forces, produces the
effect of a single force or resultant; one of a number of forces
into which a single force may be resolved.
{ Com*po"ny (?), \'d8Com*po"n\'82
(?) }, a. [F. compon\'82.]
(Her.) Divided into squares of alternate
tinctures in a single row; -- said of any bearing; or, in the
case of a bearing having curved lines, divided into patches of
alternate colors following the curve. If there are two rows it is
called counter-compony.
Com*port" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Comported; p.
pr. & vb. n. Comporting.] [F.
comporter, LL. comportare, fr.L.
comportare to bring together; com- +
portare to carry. See Port demeanor.]
1. To bear or endure; to put up (with); as, to
comport with an injury. [Obs.]
Barrow.
2. To agree; to accord; to suit; -- sometimes
followed by with.
How ill this dullness doth comport with
greatness.
Beau. & Fl.
How their behavior herein comported with the
institution.
Locke.
Com*port" (?), v. t. 1.
To bear; to endure; to brook; to put with.
[Obs.]
The malcontented sort
That never can the present state comport.
Daniel.
2. To carry; to conduct; -- with a reflexive
pronoun.
Observe how Lord Somers . . . comported
himself.
Burke.
Com"port (?, formerly , n.
[Cf.OF. comport.] Manner of acting;
behavior; conduct; deportment. [Obs.]
I knew them well, and marked their rude
comport.
Dryden.
Com*port"a*ble (?), a.
Suitable; consistent. [Obs.] \'bdSome
comportable method.\'b8
Wotton.
Com*port"ance (?), n. Behavior;
comport. [Obs.]
Goodly comportance each to other bear.
Spenser.
Com`por*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
comportatio.] A bringing together.
[Obs.]
Bp. Richardson.
Com*port"ment (?), n. [F.
comportement.] Manner of acting; behavior;
bearing.
A graceful comportment of their bodies.
Cowley.
Her serious and devout comportment.
Addison.
Com*pose" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Composed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Composing.] [F. composer;
com- + poser to place. The sense is that of
L. componere, but the prigin is different. See
Pose, v. t.] 1. To form
by putting together two or more things or parts; to put together;
to make up; to fashion.
Zeal ought to be composed of the hidhest degrees of
all pious affection.
Bp. Sprat.
2. To form the substance of, or part of the
substance of; to constitute.
Their borrowed gold composed
The calf in Oreb.
Milton.
A few useful things . . . compose their
intellectual possessions.
I. Watts.
3. To construct by mental labor; to design and
execute, or put together, in a manner involving the adaptation of
forms of expression to ideas, or to the laws of harmony or
proportion; as, to compose a sentence, a sermon, a
symphony, or a picture.
Let me compose
Something in verse as well as prose.
Pope.
The genius that composed such works as the
\'bdStandard\'b8 and \'bdLast Supper\'b8.
B. R. Haydon.
4. To dispose in proper form; to reduce to order;
to put in proper state or condition; to adjust; to
regulate.
In a peaceful grave my corpse compose.
Dryden.
How in safety best we may
Compose our present evils.
Milton.
5. To free from agitation or disturbance; to
tranquilize; to soothe; to calm; to quiet.
Compose thy mind;
Nor frauds are here contrived, nor force designed.
Dryden.
6. (Print.) To arrange (types) in a
composing stick in order for printing; to set (type).
Com*pose", v. i. To come to terms.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Com*posed" (?), a. Free from
agitation; calm; sedate; quiet; tranquil; self-possessed.
The Mantuan there in sober triumph sate,
Composed his posture, and his look sedate.
Pope.
-- Com*pos"ed*ly (,
adv. -- Com*pos"ed*ness,
n.
Com*pos"er (?), n. 1.
One who composes; an author. Specifically, an author of a
piece of music.
If the thoughts of such authors have nothing in them, they at
least . . . show an honest industry and a good intention in the
composer.
Addison.
His [Mozart's] most brilliant and solid glory is founded upon
his talents as a composer.
Moore (Encyc. of Mus. ).
2. One who, or that which, quits or calms; one who
adjust a difference.
Sweet composes of the pensive s
Gay.
Com*pos"ing, a. 1. Tending to
compose or soothe.
2. Pertaining to, or used in, composition.
Composing frame (Print.), a stand
for holding cases of type when in use. -- Composing
rule (Print.), a thin slip of brass or
steel, against which the type is arranged in a composing stick,
or by the aid of which stickfuls or handfuls or type are lifted;
-- called also setting rule. --
Composing stick (Print.), an instrument
usually of metal, which the compositor holds in his left hand,
and in which he arranges the type in words and lines. It has one
open side, and one adjustable end by means of which the length of
the lines, and consequently the width of the page or column, may
be determined.
\'d8Com*pos"i*t\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., from L. compositus made up of parts. See
Composite.] (Bot.) A large family
of dicotyledonous plants, having their flowers arranged in dense
heads of many small florets and their anthers united in a tube.
The daisy, dandelion, and asters, are examples.
Com*pos"ite (?; 277), a. [L.
compositus made up of parts, p. p. of
componere. See Compound, v. t.,
and cf. Compost.] 1. Made up of
distinct parts or elements; compounded; as, a
composite language.
Happiness, like air and water . . . is
composite.
Landor.
2. (Arch.) Belonging to a certain order
which is composed of the Ionic order grafted upon the Corinthian.
It is called also the Roman or the
Italic order, and is one of the five orders
recognized by the Italian writers of the sixteenth century. See
Capital.
<-- p. 292 -->
3. (Bot.) Belonging to the order
Composit\'91; bearing involucrate heads of many small
florets, as the daisy, thistle, and dandelion.
Composite carriage, a railroad car having
compartments of different classes. [Eng.] --
Composite number (Math.), one which can
be divided exactly by a number exceeding unity, as 6 by 2 or
3.<-- the opposite of prime number -->. --
Composite photograph , one made by a combination, or
blending, of several distinct photographs. F.
Galton. -- Composite sailing (Naut.),
a combination of parallel and great circle sailing. --
Composite ship, one with a wooden casing and iron
frame.
Com*pos"ite (?; 277), n. That
which is made up of parts or compounded of several elements;
composition; combination; compound. [R.]
Com`po*si"tion (?), n. [F.
composition, fr. L. compositio. See
Composite.] 1. The act or art of
composing, or forming a whole or integral, by placing together
and uniting different things, parts, or ingredients. In specific
uses: (a) The invention or combination of the parts
of any literary work or discourse, or of a work of art; as,
the composition of a poem or a piece of
music. \'bdThe constant habit of elaborate
composition.\'b8 Macaulay. (b) (Fine
Arts) The art or practice of so combining the
different parts of a work of art as to produce a harmonious
whole; also, a work of art considered as such. See 4,
below. (c) The act of writing for practice in a
language, as English, Latin, German, etc. (d)
(Print.) The setting up of type and arranging it
for printing.
2. The state of being put together or composed;
conjunction; combination; adjustment.
View them in composition with other things.
I. Watts.
The elementary composition of bodies.
Whewell.
3. A mass or body formed by combining two or more
substances; as, a chemical composition.
A omposition that looks . . . like marble.
Addison.
4. A literary, musical, or artistic production,
especially one showing study and care in arrangement; -- often
used of an elementary essay or translation done as an educational
exercise.
5. Consistency; accord; congruity.
[Obs.]
There is no composition in these news
That gives them credit.
Shak.
6. Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the
settlement of a difference or controversy; also, the terms or
conditions of settlement; agreement.
Thus we are agreed:
I crave our composition may be written.
Shak.
7. (Law) The adjustment of a debt, or
avoidance of an obligation, by some form of compensation agreed
on between the parties; also, the sum or amount of compensation
agreed upon in the adjustment.
Compositions for not taking the order of
knighthood.
Hallam.
Cleared by composition with their creditors.
Blackstone.
8. Synthesis as opposed to analysis.
The investigation of difficult things by the method of
analysis ought ever to precede the method of
composition.
Sir I. Newton.
Composition cloth, a kind of clotch covered
with a preparation making it waterproof. -- Composition
deed, an agreement for composition between a debtor and
several creditors. -- Composition plane
(Crystallog.), the plane by which the two
individuals of a twin crystal are united in their reserved
positions. -- Composition of forces
(Mech.), the finding of a single force (called the
resultant) which shall be equal in effect to two or
more given forces (called the components) when acting
in given directions. Herbert. -- Composition
metal, an alloy resembling brass, which is sometimes
used instead of copper for sheathing vessels; -- also called
Muntz metal and yellow
metal. -- Composition of proportion
(Math.), an arrangement of four proportionals so
that the sum of the arrangement of four proportionals so that the
sum of the third and fourth to the fourth.Com*pos"i*tive (?), a. [L.
compositivus.] Having the quality of
entering into composition; compounded. [R.]
Com*pos"i*tor (?), n. [L., an
arranger.] 1. One who composes or sets in
order.
2. (Print.) One who sets type and
arranges it for use.
Com*pos"i*tous (?), a.
(Bot.) Belonging to the Composit\'91;
composite. [R.]
Darwin.
Com*pos"si*ble (?), a. [Pref.
com- + possible.] Able to exist
with another thing; consistent. [R.]
Chillingworth.
Com"post (?; 277), n.[OF.
compost, fr. L. compositus, p. p. See
Composite.] 1. A mixture; a
compound. [R.]
A sad compost of more bitter than sweet.
Hammond.
2. (Agric.) A mixture for fertilizing
land; esp., a composition of various substances (as muck, mold,
lime, and stable manure) thoroughly mingled and decomposed, as in
a compost heap.
And do not spread the compost on the weeds
To make them ranker.
Shak.
Com"post, v. t. 1. To manure
with compost.
2. To mingle, as different fertilizing substances,
in a mass where they will decompose and form into a
compost.
Com*pos"ture (?; 135), n. [L.
compositura, -postura, a joining.]
Manure; compost. [Obs.]
Shak.
Com*po"sure (?), n. [From
Compose.] 1. The act of composing,
or that which is composed; a composition.
[Obs.]
Signor Pietro, who had an admirable way both of
composure [in music] and teaching.
Evelyn.
2. Orderly adjustment; disposition.
[Obs.]
Various composures and combinations of these
corpuscles.
Woodward.
3. Frame; make; temperament.
[Obs.]
His composure must be rare indeed
Whom these things can not blemish.
Shak.
4. A settled state; calmness; sedateness;
tranquillity; repose. \'bdWe seek peace and
composure.\'b8
Milton.
When the passions . . . are all silent, the mind enjoys its
most perfect composure.
I. Watts.
5. A combination; a union; a bond.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Com`po*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
compotatio; com- + potare to
drink.] The act of drinking or tippling
together. [R.]
The fashion of compotation.
Sir W. Scott.
Com"po*ta`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who drinks with another.
[R.]
Pope.
\'d8Com"pote (?), n. [F. See
Compost.] A preparation of fruit in sirup in
such a manner as to preserve its form, either whole, halved, or
quartered; as, a compote of pears.
Littr
<-- p. 292 -->
\'d8Com"pound (?), n. [Malay
kompund a village.] In the East Indies, an
inclosure containing a house, outbuildings, etc.
Com*pound" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Compounded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Compounding.] [OE.
componen, compounen, L.
componere, compositum; com-+
ponere to put set. The d is excrescent. See
Position, and cf. Compon\'82.]
1. To form or make by combining different elements,
ingredients, or parts; as, to compound a
medicine.
Incapacitating him from successfully compounding a
tale of this sort.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To put together, as elements, ingredients, or
parts, in order to form a whole; to combine, mix, or unite.
We have the power of altering and compounding those
images into all the varieties of picture.
Addison.
3. To modify or change by combination with some
other thing or part; to mingle with something else.
Only compound me with forgotten dust.
Shak.
4. To compose; to constitute.
[Obs.]
His pomp and all what state compounds.
Shak.
5. To settle amicably; to adjust by agreement; to
compromise; to discharge from obligation upon terms different
from those which were stipulated; as, to compound a
debt.
I pray, my lords, let me compound this strife.
Shak.
To compound a felony, to accept of a
consideration for forbearing to prosecute, such compounding being
an indictable offense. See Theftbote.
Com*pound", v. i. To effect a
composition; to come to terms of agreement; to agree; to settle
by a compromise; -- usually followed by with before
the person participating, and for before the thing
compounded or the consideration.
Here's a fellow will help you to-morrow; . . .
compound with him by the year.
Shak.
They were at last glad to compound for his bare
commitment to the Tower.
Clarendon.
Cornwall compounded to furnish ten oxen after
Michaelmas for thirty pounds.
R. Carew.
Compound for sins they are inclined to
By damning those they have no mind to.
Hudibras.
Com"pound (?), a. [OE.
compouned, p. p. of compounen. See
Compound, v. t.] Composed of two
or more elements, ingredients, parts; produced by the union of
several ingredients, parts, or things; composite; as, a
compound word.
Compound substances are made up of two or more
simple substances.
I. Watts.
Compound addition, substraction,
multiplication, division
(Arith.), the addition, substraction, etc., of
compound numbers. -- Compound crystal
(Crystallog.), a twin crystal, or one seeming to
be made up of two or more crystals combined according to regular
laws of composition. -- Compound engine
(Mech.), a form of steam engine in which the steam
that has been used in a high-pressure cylinder is made to do
further service in a larger low-pressure cylinder, sometimes in
several larger cylinders, successively. -- Compound
ether. (Chem.) See under
Ether. -- Compound flower
(Bot.), a flower head resembling a single flower,
but really composed of several florets inclosed in a common
calyxlike involucre, as the sunflower or dandelion. --
Compound fraction. (Math.) See
Fraction. -- Compound fracture. See
Fracture. -- Compound householder,
a householder who compounds or arranges with his landlord
that his rates shall be included in his rents.
[Eng.] -- Compound interest. See
Interest. -- Compound larceny.
(Law) See Larceny. -- Compound
leaf (Bot.), a leaf having two or more
separate blades or leaflets on a common leafstalk. --
Compound microscope. See Microscope.
-- Compound motion. See Motion. --
Compound number (Math.), one
constructed according to a varying scale of denomination; as, 3
cwt., 1 qr., 5 lb.; -- called also
denominate number. -- Compound
pier (Arch.), a clustered column. --
Compound quantity (Alg.), a quantity
composed of two or more simple quantities or terms, connected by
the sign + (plus) or - (minus). Thus, a + b - c,
and bb - b, are compound quantities. --
Compound radical. (Chem.) See
Radical. -- Compound ratio
(Math.), the product of two or more ratios; thus
ab:cd is a ratio compounded of the simple ratios
a:c and b:d. --
Compound rest (Mech.), the tool
carriage of an engine lathe. -- Compound screw
(Mech.), a screw having on the same axis two or
more screws with different pitch (a differential screw), or
running in different directions (a right and left screw). --
Compound time (Mus.), that in which two
or more simple measures are combined in one; as, 6-8 time is the
joining of two measures of 3-8 time. -- Compound
word, a word composed of two or more words;
specifically, two or more words joined together by a
hyphen.
Com"pound, n. 1. That which is
compounded or formed by the union or mixture of elements
ingredients, or parts; a combination of simples; a compound word;
the result of composition.
Shak.
Rare compound of oddity, frolic, and fun.
Goldsmith.
When the word \'bdbishopric\'b8 was first made, it was made as
a compound.
Earle.
2. (Chem.) A union of two or more
ingredients in definite proportions by weight, so combined as to
form a distinct substance; as, water is a compound
of oxygen and hydrogen.
compound always
contains the same elements, united in the same proportions by
weight, and with the same internal arrangement.
Binary compound (Chem.). See under
Binary. -- Carbon compounds
(Chem.). See under Carbon.
Com*pound"a*ble (?), a. That
may be compounded.
Com*pound"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, compounds or mixes; as, a
compounder of medicines.
2. One who attempts to bring persons or parties to
terms of agreement, or to accomplish, ends by compromises.
\'bdCompounder in politics.\'b8
Burke.
3. One who compounds a debt, obligation, or
crime.
Religious houses made compounders
For the horrid actions of their founders.
Hudibras.
4. One at a university who pays extraordinary fees
for the degree he is to take. [Eng.]
A. Wood.
5. (Eng. Hist.) A Jacobite who favored
the restoration of James II, on condition of a general amnesty
and of guarantees for the security of the civil and
ecclesiastical constitution of the realm.
\'d8Com`pra*dor (?), n. [Pg., a
buyer.] A kind of steward or agent.
[China]
S. W. Williams
Com`pre*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
comprecatio, fr. comprecari to pray to. See
Precarious.] A praying together.
[Obs.]
Bp. Wilkins.
Com`pre*hend" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Comprehended;
p. pr. & vb. n. Comprehending.]
[L. comprehendere, comprehensum;
com- + prehendere to grasp, seize;
prae before + hendere (used only in comp.).
See Get, and cf. Comprise.] 1.
To contain; to embrace; to include; as, the states
comprehended in the Austrian Empire.
Who hath . . . comprehended the dust of the earth
in a measure.
Is. xl. 12.
2. To take in or include by construction or
implication; to comprise; to imply.
Comprehended all in this one word, Discretion.
Hobbes.
And if there be any other commandment, it is briefly
comprehended in this saying.
Rom. xiii. 9.
3. To take into the mind; to grasp with the
understanding; to apprehend the meaning of; to understand.
At a loss to comprehend the question.
W. Irwing.
Great things doeth he, which we can not
comprehend.
Job. xxxvii. 5.
Syn. -- To contain; include; embrace; comprise; inclose;
grasp; embody; involve; imply; apprehend; imagine; conceive;
understand. See Apprehend.
Com`pre*hen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n.
The quality or state of being comprehensible; capability of
being understood.
Com"pre*hen"si*ble (?), a. [L.
comprehensibilis: cf. F.
compre\'82hensible.] 1. Capable of
being comprehended, included, or comprised.
Lest this part of knowledge should seem to any not
comprehensible by axiom, we will set down some heads
of it.
Bacon.
2. Capable of being understood; intelligible;
conceivable by the mind.
The horizon sets the bounds . . . between what is and what is
not comprehensible by us.
Locke.
Com`pre*hen"si*ble*ness, n. The quality
of being comprehensible; comprehensibility.
Com`pre*hen"si*bly, adv. 1.
With great extent of signification; comprehensively.
Tillotson.
2. Intelligibly; in a manner to be comprehended or
understood.
Com`pre*hen"sion (?), n. [L.
comprehensio: cf. F.
compr\'82hension.] 1. The act of
comprehending, containing, or comprising; inclusion.
In the Old Testament there is a close comprehension
of the New; in the New, an open discovery of the Old.
Hooker.
2. That which is comrehended or inclosed within
narrow limits; a summary; an epitome. [Obs.]
Though not a catalogue of fundamentals, yet . . . a
comprehension of them.
Chillingworth.
3. The capacity of the mind to perceive and
understand; the power, act, or process of grasping with the
intellect; perception; understanding; as, a
comprehension of abstract principles.
4. (Logic) The complement of attributes
which make up the notion signified by a general term.
5. (Rhet.) A figure by which the name of
a whole is put for a part, or that of a part for a whole, or a
definite number for an indefinite.
Com`pre*hen"sive (?), a. [Cf.
F. compr\'82hensif.] 1. Including
much; comprising many things; having a wide scope or a full
view.
A very comprehensive definition.
Bentley.
Large and comprehensive idea.
Channing.
2. Having the power to comprehend or understand
many things. \'bdHis comprehensive head.\'b8
Pope.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Possessing peculiarities
that are characteristic of several diverse groups.
Synthetic, as used by Agssiz, is nearly
synonymous.
Syn. -- Extensive; wide; large; full; compendious.
Com`pre*hen"sive*ly, adv. In a
comprehensive manner; with great extent of scope.
Com`pre*hen"sive*ness, n. The quality of
being comprehensive; extensiveness of scope.
Compare the beauty and comprehensiveness of legends
on ancient coins.
Addison.
Com`pre*hen"sor (?), n. One who
comprehends; one who has attained to a full knowledge.
[Obs.]
When I shall have dispatched this weary pilgrimage, and from a
traveler shall come to be a comprehensor, farewell
faith and welcome vision.
Bp. Hall.
Com*press" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Compressed
(?); p. pr & vb. n.
Compressing.] [L.
compressus, p. p. of comprimere to
compress: com- + premere to press. See
Press.] 1. To press or squeeze together; to
force into a narrower compass; to reduce the volume of by
pressure; to compact; to condense; as, to compress
air or water.
Events of centuries . . . compressed within the
compass of a single life.
D. Webster.
The same strength of expression, though more
compressed, runs through his historical harangues.
Melmoth.
2. To embrace sexually. [Obs.]
Pope.
Syn. -- To crowd; squeeze; condense; reduce; abridge.
Com"press (?), n. [F.
compresse.] (Surg.) A folded
piece of cloth, pledget of lint, etc., used to cover the dressing
of wounds, and so placed as, by the aid of a bandage, to make due
pressure on any part.
Com*pressed" (?), a. 1.
Pressed together; compacted; reduced in volume by
pressure.
2. (Bot.) Flattened lengthwise.
Compessed air engine, an engine operated by
the elastic force of compressed air.
Com*press`i*bil"i*ty (?), n.
[Cf. F. compressibilit\'82.] The
quality of being compressible of being compressible; as, the
compressibility of elastic fluids.
Com*press"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
compressible.] Capable of being pressed
together or forced into a narrower compass, as an elastic or
spongy substance.
Com*press"ible*ness, n. The quality of
being compressible; compressibility.
Com*pres"sion (?), n. [L.
compressio: cf. F. compression.]
The act of compressing, or state of being compressed.
\'bdCompression of thought.\'b8
Johnson.
Com*press"ive (?), a. [Cf. F.
compressif.] Compressing, or having power
or tendency to compress; as, a compressive
force.
Com*press"or (?), n. [L.]
Anything which serves to compress; as: (a)
(Anat.) A muscle that compresses certain
parts. (b) (Surg.) An instrument
for compressing an artery (esp., the femoral artery) or other
part. (c) An apparatus for confining or
flattening between glass plates an object to be examined with the
microscope; -- called also
compressorium. (d)
(Mach.) A machine for compressing gases;
especially, an air compressor.
Com*pres"sure (?; 135), n.
Compression.
Com*print" (?), v. t. & i.
1. To print together.
2. (O. Eng. Law) To print
surreptitiously a work belonging to another.
E. Phillips.
Com"print (?), n. (O. Eng.
Law) The surreptitious printing of another's copy or
book; a work thus printed.
Com*pris"al (?), n. The act of
comprising or comprehending; a compendium or epitome.
A comprisal . . . and sum of all wickedness.
Barrow.
Com*prise" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Comprised
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Comprising.] [From F.
compris, comprise, p. p. of
comprendre, L. comprehendere. See
Comprehend.] To comprehend; to include.
Comprise much matter in few words.
Hocker.
Friendship does two souls in one comprise.
Roscommon.
Syn. -- To embrace; include; comprehend; contain; encircle;
inclose; involve; imply.
Com"pro*bate (?), v. i. [L.
comprobatus, p. p. of comprobare, to
approve wholly.] To agree; to concur.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Elyot.
Com`pro*ba"tion (?), n. [L.
comprobatio.] 1. Joint
attestation; proof. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
2. Approbation. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Com"pro*mise (?), n. [F.
compromis, fr. L. compromissum a mutual
promise to abide by the decision of an arbiter, fr.
compromittere to make such a promise; com-
+ promittere to promise. See Promise.]
1. A mutual agreement to refer matters in dispute
to the decision of arbitrators. [Obs.]
Burrill.
2. A settlement by arbitration or by mutual consent
reached by concession on both sides; a reciprocal abatement of
extreme demands or rights, resulting in an agreement.
But basely yielded upon compromise
That which his noble ancestors achieved with blows.
Shak.
All government, indeed every human benefit and enjoyment,
every virtue and every prudent act, is founded on
compromise and barter.
Burke.
An abhorrence of concession and compromise is a
never failing characteristic of religious factions.
Hallam.
3. A committal to something derogatory or
objectionable; a prejudicial concession; a surrender; as, a
compromise of character or right.
I was determined not to accept any fine speeches, to the
compromise of that sex the belonging to which was,
after all, my strongest claim and title to them.
Lamb.
Com"pro*mise, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Compromised (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Compromising.] [From
Compromise, n.; cf.
Compromit.] 1. To bind by mutual
agreement; to agree. [Obs.]
Laban and himself were compromised
That all the eanlings which were streaked and pied
Should fall as Jacob's hire.
Shak.
2. To adjust and settle by mutual concessions; to
compound.
The controversy may easily be compromised.
Fuller.
3. To pledge by some act or declaration; to
endanger the life, reputation, etc., of, by some act which can
not be recalled; to expose to suspicion.
To pardon all who had been compromised in the late
disturbances.
Motley.
Com"pro*mise, v. i. 1. To
agree; to accord. [Obs.]
2. To make concession for concilation and
peace.
Com"pro*mi`ser (?), n. One who
compromises.
Com`pro*mis*so"ri*al (?), a.
Relating to compromise. [R.]
Chalmers.
Com"pro*mit` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Compromitted;
p. pr. & vb. n. Compromitting.]
[L. compromittere. See Compromise,
n.] 1. To pledge by some act or
declaration; to promise.
State Trials (1529).
2. To put to hazard, by some indiscretion; to
endanger; to compromise; as, to compromit the honor
or the safety of a nation.
Com`pro*vin"cial (?), a.
Belonging to, or associated in, the same province.
[Obs.] -- n. One who belongs
to the same province. [Obs.]
The six islands, comprovincial
In ancient times unto Great Britiain.
Spenser.
\'d8Com*sog"na*thus (? , n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of Dinosauria found in the
Jurassic formation, and remarkable for having several birdlike
features.
Compt (kount, formerly k\'cemt; 215),
n. [F. compte. See Count an
account.] Account; reckoning; computation.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Compt, v. t. [F. compter. See
Count, v. t.] To compute; to
count. [Obs.] See Count.
Compt, a. [L. comptus, p. p.
of comere to care for, comb, arrange, adorn.]
Neat; spruce. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Compt"er (?), n. A
counter. [Obs.]
Shak.
\'d8Compte" ren`du (?). [F.] A
report of an officer or agent.
Compt"i*ble (?), a. [See
Compt, v. t.] Accountable;
responsible; sensitive. [Obs.]
I am very comptible even to the least sinister
usage.
Shak.
Compt"ly (?), adv.
Neatly. [Obs.]
Sherwood.
Comp*trol" (?), n. & v. See
Control.
Comp*trol"er (?), n. A
controller; a public officer whose duty it is to examine certify
accounts.
Com*pul"sa*tive (?), a. [From
L. compulsare, v. intens. of compellere.
See Compel.] Compulsatory.
[R.]
Shak.
Com*pul"sa*tive*ly, adv. By
compulsion. [R.]
Com*pul"sa*to*ry (?), a.
Operating with force; compelling; forcing; constraininig;
resulting from, or enforced by, compulsion.
[R.]
To recover of us, by strong hand
And terms compulsatory, those foresaid lands.
Shak.
Com*pul"sion (?), n. [L.
compulsio. See Compel.] The act of
compelling, or the state of being compelled; the act of driving
or urging by force or by physical or moral constraint; subjection
to force.
If reasons were as plentiful as blackberries, I would give no
man a reason upon compulsion.
Shak.
With what complusion and laborious flight
We sunk thus low.
Milton.
Syn. -- See Constraint.
Com*pul"sive (?), a. Having
power to compel; exercising or applying compulsion.
Religion is . . . inconsistent with all compulsive
motives.
Sharp.
Com*pul"sive*ly, adv. By compulsion; by
force.
Com*pul"so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a compulsory
manner; by force or constraint.
Com*pul"so*ry (?), a. [LL.
compulsorius.] 1. Having the power
of compulsion; constraining.
2. Obligatory; enjoined by authority; necessary;
due to complusion.
This contribution therestening fall infinitely short of their
hopes, they soon made it compulsory.
Burke.
Com*punct" (?), a. [LL.
compunctus, p. p.] Affected with
compunction; conscience-stricken. [Obs.]
Com*punc"tion (?), n. [OF.
compunction, F. componction, L.
compunctio, fr. compungere,
compunctum, to prick; com- +
pungere to prick, sting. See Pungent.]
1. A pricking; stimulation.
[Obs.]
That acid piecering spirit which, with such activity and
compunction, invadeth the brains and nostrils.
Sir T. Browne.
2. A picking of heart; poignant grief proceeding
from a sense of guilt or consciousness of causing pain; the sting
of conscience.
He acknowledged his disloyalty to the king, with expressions
of great compunction.
Clarendon.
Syn. -- Compunction, Remorse,
Contrition. Remorse is anguish
of soul under a sense of guilt or consciousness of having offened
God or brought evil upon one's self or others.
Compunction is the pain occasioned by a wounded and
awakened conscience. Neither of them implies true
contrition, which denotes self-condemnation,
humiliation, and repentance. We speak of the gnawings of
remorse; of compunction for a specific act
of transgression; of deep contrition in view of our
past lives. See Regret.
Com*punc"tion*less, a. Without
compunction.
Com*punc"tious (?), a. Of the
nature of compunction; caused by conscience; attended with, or
causing, compunction.
That no compunctious vistings of nature
Shake my fell purpose.
Shak.
Com*punc"tious*ly, adv. With
compunction.
Com*punc"tive (?), a. Sensitive
in respect of wrongdoing; conscientious.
[Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Com`pur*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
compurgatio, fr. compurgare to purify
wholly; com- + purgare to make pure. See
Purge, v. t.] 1. (Law)
The act or practice of justifying or confirming a man's
veracity by the oath of others; -- called also wager of
law. See Purgation; also Wager of
law, under Wager.
2. Exculpation by testimony to one's veracity or
innocence.
He was privileged from his childhood from suspicion of
incontinency and needed no compurgation.
Bp. Hacket.
Com"pur*ga`tor (?), n.
[LL.] One who bears testimony or swears to the
veracity or innocence of another. See Purgation; also
Wager of law, under Wager.
<-- = character witness. -->
All they who know me . . . will say they have reason in this
matter to be my compurgators.
Chillingworth.
Com*pur`ga*to"ri*al (?), a.
Relating to a compurgator or to compurgation.
\'bdTheir compurgatorial oath.\'b8
Milman.
Com*put"a*ble (?), a. [L.
computabilis.] Capable of being computed,
numbered, or reckoned.
Not easily computable by arithmetic.
Sir M. Hale.
<-- computable number. -->
Com`pu*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
computatio: cf. F. computation.]
1. The act or process of computing; calculation;
reckoning.
By just computation of the time.
Shak.
By a computation backward from ourselves.
Bacon.
2. The result of computation; the amount
computed.
Syn. -- Reckoning; calculation; estimate; account.
Com*pute" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Computed; p.
pr. & vb. n. Computing.] [L.
computare. See Count, v. t.]
To determine calculation; to reckon; to count.
Two days, as we compute the days of heaven.
Milton.
What's done we partly may compute,
But know not what's resisted.
Burns.
Syn. -- To calculate; number; count; recken; estimate;
enumerate; rate. See Calculate.
Com*pute", n. [L. computus:
cf. F. comput.] Computation.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Com*put"er (?), n. One who
computes.
<-- a machine which computes -->
Com"pu*tist (?), n. A
computer.
Com"rade (? , n.
[Sp. camarada, fr. L. camara, a
chamber; hence, a chamber-fellowship, and then a chamber-fellow:
cf. F. camarade. Cf. Chamber.] A
mate, companion, or associate.
And turned my flying comrades to the charge.
J. Baillie.
I abjure all roofs, and choose . . .
To be a comrade with the wolf and owl.
Shak.
Com"rade*ry (?), n. [Cf. F.
camarederie.] The spirit of comradeship;
comradeship. [R.]
\'bdCertainly\'b8, said Dunham, with the comradery
of the smoker.
W. D. Howells.
Com"rade*ship, n. The state of being a
comrade; intimate fellowship.
Com"rogue` (?), n. A fellow
rogue. [Obs.]
Com"tism (? , n. [Named
after the French philosopher, Auguste Comte.]
Positivism; the positive philosophy. See
Positivism.
Com"tist (?), n. A disciple of
Comte; a positivist.
Con- (cum,
signifying with, together, etc. See
Com-.
Con, adv. [Abbrev. from L.
contra against.] Against the affirmative
side; in opposition; on the negative side; -- The antithesis of
pro, and usually in connection with it. See
Pro.
Con, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Conned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Conning.] [AS. cunnan to
know, be able, and (derived from this) cunnian to try,
test. See Can, v. t. & i.] 1.
To know; to understand; to acknowledge.
[Obs.]
Of muses, Hobbinol, I con no skill.
Spenser.
They say they con to heaven the highway.
Spenser.
2. To study in order to know; to peruse; to learn;
to commit to memory; to regard studiously.
Fixedly did look
Upon the muddy waters which he conned
As if he had been reading in a book.
Wodsworth.
I did not come into Parliament to con my
lesson.
Burke.
To con answer, to be able to answer.
[Obs.] -- To con thanks, to thank; to
acknowledge obligation. [Obs.]
Shak.
Con, v. t. [See Cond.]
(Naut.) To conduct, or superintend the steering
of (a vessel); to watch the course of (a vessel) and direct the
helmsman how to steer.
Con*a"cre (?), v. t. To
underlet a proportion of, for a single crop; -- said of a
farm. [Ireland]
Con*a"cre, n. A system of letting a
proportion of a farm for a single crop. [Ireland]
Also used adjectively; as, the conacre system or
principle.
Mozley & W.
\'d8Co*na"ri*um (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Anat.) The pineal
gland.
Co*na"tion (?), n. [L.
conatio.] (Philos.) The power or
act which directs or impels to effort of any kind, whether
muscular or psychical.
Of conation, in other words, of desire and
will.
J. S. Mill.
Co"na*tive (? , a. [See
Conatus.] Of or pertaining to conation.
This division of mind into the three great classes of the
cognitive faculties, the feelings, . . . and the exertive or
conative powers, . . . was first promulgated by
Kant.
Sir W. Hamilton.
\'d8Co*na"tus (?), n. [L., fr.
conatus, p. p. of conari to attempt.]
A natural tendency inherent in a body to develop itself; an
attempt; an effort.
What conatus could give prickles to the porcupine
or hedgehog, or to the sheep its fleece?
Paley.
Con*cam"er*ate (?), v. t. [L.
concameratus, p. p. of concamerare to arch
over. See Camber.] 1. To arch over;
to vault.
Of the upper beak an inch and a half consisteth of one
concamerated bone.
Grew.
2. To divide into chambers or cells.
Woodward.
Con*cam`er*a"tion (?), n. [L.
concameratio.] 1. An arch or
vault.
2. A chamber of a multilocular shell.
Glanvill.
Con*cat"e*nate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Concatenated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Concatenating.]
[L. concatenatus, p. p. of concatenare to
concatenate. See Catenate.] To link together;
to unite in a series or chain, as things depending on one
another.
This all things friendly will concatenate.
Dr. H. More
Con*cat`e*na"tion (?), n. [L.
concatenatio.] A series of links united; a
series or order of things depending on each other, as if linked
together; a chain, a succession.
The stoics affirmed a fatal, unchangeable
concatenation of causes, reaching even to the illicit
acts of man's will.
South.
A concatenation of explosions.
W. Irving.
Con*cause" (?), n. A joint
cause.
Fotherby.
<-- p. 294 -->
Con`ca*va"tion (?), n. The act
of making concave.
Con"cave (? , a.
[L. concavus; con- + cavus
hollow: cf. F. concave. See Cave a
hollow.] 1. Hollow and curved or rounded;
vaulted; -- said of the interior of a curved surface or line, as
of the curve of the of the inner surface of an eggshell, in
opposition to convex; as, a concave
mirror; the concave arch of the sky.
2. Hollow; void of contents.
[R.]
As concave . . . as a worm-eaten nut.
Shak.
Con"cave, n. [L.
concavum.] 1. A hollow; an arched
vault; a cavity; a recess.
Up to the fiery concave towering hight.
Milton.
2. (Mech.) A curved sheath or breasting
for a revolving cylinder or roll.
Con"cave, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. concaved (; p. pr.& vb.
n. Concaving.] To make hollow or
concave.
Con"caved (?), a. (Her.)
Bowed in the form of an arch; -- called also
arched.
Con"cave*ness, n. Hollowness;
concavity.
Con*cav"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Concavities (#). [L.
concavitas: cf. F. concavit\'82. See
Concave.] A concave surface, or the space
bounded by it; the state of being concave.
Con*ca`vo-con"cave (?), a.
Concave or hollow on both sides; double concave.
Con*ca`vo-con"vex (?), a.
1. Concave on one side and convex on the other, as
an eggshell or a crescent.
2. (Optics) Specifically, having such a
combination of concave and convex sides as makes the focal axis
the shortest line between them. See Illust. under
Lens.
Con*ca*"vous (?), a. [L.
concavus.] Concave.
Abp. potter.
-- Con*ca"vous*ly,
adv.
Con*ceal" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Concealed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Concealing.] [OF. conceler,
L. concelare; con- + celareto
hide; akin to AS. helan, G. hehlen, E. hele
(to cover), helmet. See Hell,
Helmet.] To hide or withdraw from
observation; to cover; to cover or keep from sight; to prevent
the discovery of; to withhold knowledge of.
It is the glory of God to conceal a thing.
Prov. xxv. 2.
Declare ye among the nations, . . . publish and
conceal not.
Jer. 1. 2.
He which finds him shall deserve our thanks, . . .
He that conceals him, death.
Shak.
Syn. -- To hide; secrete; screen; cover; disguise;
dissemble; mask; veil; cloak; screen. -- To
Conceal, Hide, Disguise,
Dissemble, Secrete. To hide is the
generic term, which embraces all the rest. To conceal
is simply not make known what we wish to keep secret. In the
Bible hide often has the specific meaning of
conceal. See 1 Sam. iii. 17, 18. To
disguise or dissemble is to conceal by
assuming some false appearance. To secrete is to hide
in some place of secrecy. A man may conceal facts,
disguise his sentiments, dissemble his
feelings, secrete stolen goods.
Bur double griefs afflict concealing hearts.
Spenser.
Both dissemble deeply their affections.
Shak.
We have in these words a primary sense, which reveals a future
state, and a secondary sense, which hides and
secretes it.
Warburton.
Con*ceal"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being concealed.
Con*cealed" (?), a. Hidden;
kept from sight; secreted.
-- Con*ceal"ed*ly (,
adv. -- Con*ceal"ed*ness,
n.
Concealed weapons (Law), dangerous
weapons so carried on the person as to be knowingly or willfully
concealed from sight, -- a practice forbidden by statute.<-- in
some states! -->
Con*ceal"er (?), n. One who
conceals.
Con*ceal"ment (?), n. [OF.
concelement.] 1. The act of
concealing; the state of being concealed.
But let concealment, like a worm i' the bud,
Feed on her damask cheek.
Shak.
Some dear cause
Will in concealment wrap me up awhile.
Shak.
2. A place of hiding; a secret place; a retreat
frem observation.
The cleft tree
Offers its kind concealment to a few.
Thomson.
3. A secret; out of the way knowledge.
[Obs.]
Well read in strange concealments.
Shak.
4. (Law) Suppression of such facts and
circumstances as in justice ought to be made known.
Wharton.
Con*cede" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Conceded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Conceding.] [L.
concedere, concessum; con- +
cedere to go along, give way, yield: cf. F.
conc\'82der. See Cede.] 1.
To yield or suffer; to surrender; to grant; as. to
concede the point in question.
Boyle.
2. To grant, as a right or privilege; to make
concession of.
3. To admit to be true; to acknowledge.
We concede that their citizens were those who lived
under different forms.
Burke.
Syn. -- To grant; allow; admit; yield; surrender.
Con*cede", v. i. To yield or make
concession.
I wished you to concede to America, at a time when
she prayed concession at our feet.
Burke.
Con*ceit" (?), n. [Through
French, fr. L. conceptus a conceiving, conception, fr.
concipere to conceive: cf. OF. p. p. nom.
conciez conceived. See Conceive, and cf.
Concept, Deceit.] 1. That
which is conceived, imagined, or formed in the mind; idea;
thought; image; conception.
In laughing, there ever procedeth a conceit of
somewhat ridiculous.
Bacon.
A man wise in his own conceit.
Prov. xxvi. 12.
2. Faculty of conceiving ideas; mental faculty;
apprehension; as, a man of quick conceit.
[Obs.]
How often, alas! did her eyes say unto me that they loved! and
yet I, not looking for such a matter, had not my
conceit open to understand them.
Sir P. Sidney.
3. Quickness of apprehension; active imagination;
lively fancy.
His wit's as thick as Tewksbury mustard; there's more
conceit in him than is in a mallet.
Shak.
4. A fanciful, odd, or extravagant notion; a quant
fancy; an unnatural or affected conception; a witty thought or
turn of expression; a fanciful device; a whim; a quip.
On his way to the gibbet, a freak took him in the head to go
off with a conceit.
L'Estrange.
Some to conceit alone their works confine,
And glittering thoughts struck out at every line.
Pope.
Tasso is full of conceits . . . which are not only
below the dignity of heroic verse but contrary to its nature.
Dryden.
5. An overweening idea of one's self; vanity.
Plumed with conceit he calls aloud.
Cotton.
6. Design; pattern. [Obs.]
Shak.
In conceit with, in accord with; agreeing or
conforming. -- Out of conceit with, not
having a favorable opinion of; not pleased with; as, a man is
out of conceit with his dress. -- To
put [one] out conceit with, to make one
indifferent to a thing, or in a degree displeased with
it.
Con*ceit" (?), v. t. To
conceive; to imagine. [Archaic]
The strong, by conceiting themselves weak, are
therebly rendered as inactive . . . as if they really were
so.
South.
One of two bad ways you must conceit me,
Either a coward or a flatterer.
Shak.
Con*ceit", v. i. To form an idea; to
think. [Obs.]
Those whose . . . vulgar apprehensions conceit but
low of matrimonial purposes.
Milton.
Con*ceit"ed, a. 1. Endowed with
fancy or imagination. [Obs.]
He was . . . pleasantly conceited, and sharp of
wit.
Knolles.
2. Entertaining a flattering opinion of one's self;
vain.
If you think me too conceited
Or to passion quickly heated.
Swift.
Conceited of their own wit, science, and
politeness.
Bentley.
3. Curiously contrived or designed; fanciful.
[Obs.]
A conceited chair to sleep in.
Evelyn.
Syn. -- Vain; proud; opinionated; egotistical.
Con*ceit"ed*ly, adv. 1. In an
egotistical manner.
2. Fancifully; whimsically.
Con*ceit"ed*ness, n. The state of being
conceited; conceit; vanity.
Addison.
Con*ceit"less, a. Without wit;
stupid. [Obs.]
Think'st thou I am so shallow, so conceitless.
To be seduced by thy flattery?
Shak.
Con*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
concevable.] Capable of being conceived,
imagined, or understood. \'bdAny conceivable
weight.\'b8
Bp. Wilkins.
It is not conceivable that it should be indeed that
very person whose shape and voice it assumed.
Atterbury.
-- Con*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. --
Con*ceiv"a*bly, adv.
Con*ceive" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Conceived
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Conceiving.] [OF. conzoivre,
concever, conceveir, F.
concevoir, fr. L. oncipere to take, to
conceive; con- + capere to seize or take.
See Capable, and cf. Conception.]
1. To receive into the womb and begin to breed; to
begin the formation of the embryo of.
She hath also conceived a son in her old age.
Luke i. 36.
2. To form in the mind; to plan; to devise; to
generate; to originate; as, to conceive a purpose,
plan, hope.
It was among the ruins of the Capitol that I first
conceived the idea of a work which has amused and
exercised near twenty years of my life.
Gibbon.
Conceiving and uttering from the heart words of
falsehood.
Is. lix. 13.
3. To apprehend by reason or imagination; to take
into the mind; to know; to imagine; to comprehend; to
understand. \'bdI conceive you.\'b8
Hawthorne.
O horror, horror, horror! Tongue nor heart
Cannot conceive nor name thee!
Shak.
You will hardly conceive him to have been bred in
the same climate.
Swift.
Syn. -- To apprehend; imagine; suppose; understand;
comprehend; believe; think.
Con*ceive", v. i. 1. To have an
embryo or fetus formed in the womb; to breed; to become
pregnant.
A virgin shall conceive, and bear a son.
Isa. vii. 14.
2. To have a conception, idea, or opinion; think;
-- with of.
Conceive of things clearly and distinctly in their
own natures.
I. Watts.
Con*ceiv"er (?), n. One who
conceives.
Con*cel"e*brate (?), v. t. [L.
concelebratus, p. p. of concelebrare to
concelebrate.] To celebrate together.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Con*cent" (?), n. [L.
concentus, fr. concinere to sing together;
con- + canere to sing.] 1.
Concert of voices; concord of sounds; harmony; as, a
concent of notes. [Archaic.]
Bacon.
That undisturbed song of pure concent.
Milton.
2. Consistency; accordance.
[Obs.]
In concent to his own principles.
Atterbury.
{ Con*cen"ter, Con*cen"tre }
(?), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Concentered or Concentred
(; p. pr & vb. n. Concentering
(?) or Concentring (.]
[F. concentrer, fr. L. con- +
centrum center. See Center, and cf.
Concentrate] To come to one point; to meet
in, or converge toward, a common center; to have a common
center.
God, in whom all perfections concenter.
Bp. Beveridge.
{ Con*cen"ter, Con*cen"tre },
v. t. To draw or direct to a common center; to
bring together at a focus or point, as two or more lines; to
concentrate.
In thee concentering all their precious beams.
Milton.
All is concentered in a life intense.
Byren.
Con*cen"trate (? , v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Concentrated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Concentrating.]
[Pref. con- + L. centrum center. Cf.
Concenter.] 1. To bring to, or
direct toward, a common center; to unite more closely; to gather
into one body, mass, or force; to fix; as, to
concentrate rays of light into a focus; to
concentrate the attention.
(He) concentrated whole force at his own camp.
Motley.
2. To increase the strength and diminish the bulk
of, as of a liquid or an ore; to intensify, by getting rid of
useless material; to condense; as, to concentrate
acid by evaporation; to concentrate by washing; --
opposed to dilute.
Spirit of vinegar concentrated and reduced to its
greatest strength.
Arbuthnot.
Syn. -- To combine; to condense; to consolidate.
Con*cen"trate (? , v. i.
To approach or meet in a common center; to consolidate;
as, population tends to concentrate in
cities.
Con`cen*tra"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. concentration.] 1. The act or
process of concentrating; the process of becoming concentrated,
or the state of being concentrated; concentration.
Concentration of the lunar beams.
Boyle.
Intense concetration of thought.
Sir J. Herschel.
2. The act or process of reducing the volume of a
liquid, as by evaporation.
The acid acquires a higher degree of
concentration.
Knight.
3. (Metal.) The act or process of
removing the dress of ore and of reducing the valuable part to
smaller compass, as by currents of air or water.
Con*cen"tra*tive (?), a.
Serving or tending to concentrate; characterized by
concentration.
A discrimination is only possible by a
concentrative act, or act of attention.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Con*cen"tra*tive*ness, n. 1.
The quality of concentrating.
2. (Phren.) The faculty or propensity
which has to do with concentrating the intellectual the
intellectual powers.
Combe.
Con"cen*tra`tor (?), n.
(Mining) An apparatus for the separation of dry
comminuted ore, by exposing it to intermittent puffs of
air.
Knight.
{ Con*cen"tric (?),
Con*cen"tric*al (?) }, a.
[F. concentrique. See Concenter.]
Having a common center, as circles of different size, one
within another.
Concentric circles upon the surface of the
water.
Sir I. Newton.
Concentrical rings like those of an onion.
Arbuthnot.
Con*cen"tric, n. That which has a common
center with something else.
Its pecular relations to its concentrics.
Coleridge.
Con*cen"tric*al*ly, adv. In a concentric
manner.
Con`cen*tric"i*ty (?), n. The
state of being concentric.
Con*cen"tu*al (?), a.
[From Concent.]
Possesing harmony; accordant. [R.]
Warton.
Con"cept (?), n. [L.
conceptus (cf. neut. conceptum fetus), p.
p. of concipere to conceive: cf. F.
concept. See Conceit.] An abstract
general conception; a notion; a universal.
The words conception, concept,
notion, should be limited to the thought of what can
not be represented in the imagination; as, the thought suggested
by a general term.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Con*cep"ta*cle (?), n. [L.
conceptaculum, fr. concipere to receive.
See Conceive.] 1. That in which
anything is contained; a vessel; a receiver or receptacle.
[Obs.]
Woodward.
2. (Bot.) (a) A pericarp,
opening longitudinally on one side and having the seeds loose in
it; a follicle; a double follicle or pair of follicles.
(b) One of the cases containing the spores, etc.,
of flowerless plants, especially of algae.
Con*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being conceivable; conceivableness.
Cudworth.
Con*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [See
Conceive.] Capable of being conceived;
conceivable.
Sir M. Hale.
Con*cep"tion (?), n. [F.
conception, L. conceptio, fr.
concipere to conceive. See Conceive.]
1. The act of conceiving in the womb; the
initiation of an embryonic animal life.
I will greaty multiply thy sorrow and thy
conception.
Gen. iii. 16.
2. The state of being conceived; beginning.
Joy had the like conception in our eyes.
Shak.
3. The power or faculty of apprehending of forming
an idea in the mind; the power of recalling a past sensation or
perception.
Under the article of conception, I shall confine
myself to that faculty whose province it is to enable us to form
a notion of our past sensations, or of the objects of sense that
we have formerly perceived.
Stewart.
4. The formation in the mind of an image, idea, or
notion, apprehension.
Conception consists in a conscious act of the
understanding, bringing any given object or impression into the
same class with any number of other objects or impression, by
means of some character or characters common to them all.
Coleridge.
5. The image, idea, or notion of any action or
thing which is formed in the mind; a concept; a notion; a
universal; the product of a rational belief or judgment. See
Concept.
He [Herodotus] says that the sun draws or attracts the water;
a metaphorical term obviously intended to denote some more
general and abstract conception than that of the
visible operation which the word primarily signifies.
Whewell.
6. Idea; purpose; design.
Note this dangerous conception.
Shak.
7. Conceit; affected sentiment or thought.
[Obs.]
He . . . is full of conceptions, points of epigram,
and witticism.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Idea; notion; perception; apprehemsion;
comprehension.
<-- p. 295 -->
Con*cep"tion*al (?), a.
Pertaining to conception.
Con*cep"tion*al*ist, n. A
conceptualist.
Con*cep"tious, a. Apt to conceive;
fruitful. [Obs.]
Shak.
Con*cep"tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
conceptif, L. conceptivus.]
Capable of conceiving.
Sir T. Browne
Con*cep"tu*al (?), a.
Pertaining to conception.
Con*cep"tu*al*ism (?), n.
(Metaph.) A theory, intermediate between realism
and nominalism, that the mind has the power of forming for itself
general conceptions of individual or single objects.
Stewart.
Con*cep"tu*al*ist, n. (Metaph.)
One who maintains the theory of conceptualism.
Stewart.
Con*cern" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Concerned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Concerning.] [F. concerner,
LL. concernere to regard, concern, fr. L.
concernere to mix or mingle together, as in a sieve
for separating; con- + cernere to separate,
sift, distinguish by the senses, and especially by the eyes, to
perceive, see. See Certain.] 1. To
relate or belong to; to have reference to or connection with; to
affect the interest of; to be of importance to.
Preaching the kingdom of God, and teaching those things which
concern the Lord Jesus Christ.
Acts xxviii. 31.
Our wars with France have affected us in our most tender
interests, and concerned us more than those with any
other nation.
Addison.
It much concerns a preacher first to learn
The genius of his audience and their turn.
Dodsley.
Ignorant, so far as the usual instruction is
concerned.
J. F. Cooper.
2. To engage by feeling or sentiment; to interest;
as, a good prince concerns himself in the happiness
of his subjects.
They think themselves out the reach of Providence, and no
longer concerned to solicit his favor.
Rogers.
Con*cern", v. i. To be of
importance. [Obs.]
Which to deny concerns more than avails.
Shak.
Con*cern", n. 1. That which
relates or belongs to one; business; affair.
The private concerns of fanilies.
Addison.
2. That which affects the welfare or happiness;
interest; moment.
Mysterious secrets of a high concern.
Roscommon.
3. Interest in, or care for, any person or thing;
regard; solicitude; anxiety.
O Marcia, let me hope thy kind concerns
And gentle wishes follow me to beattle.
{\*\bkmkstart last}\error \*\bkmkend last}Addison.
4. (Com.) Persons connected in business;
a firm and its business; as, a banking
concern.
The whole concern, all connected with a
particular affair or business.
Syn. -- Care; anxiety; solicitude; interest; regard;
business; affair; matter; moment. See Care.
Con*cerned" (?), a. [See
Concern, v. t., 2.] Disturbed;
troubled; solicitous; as, to be much concerned for
the safety of a friend.
Con*cern"ed*ly (?), adv. In a
concerned manner; solicitously; sympathetically.
Con*cern"ing, prep. Pertaining to;
regarding; having relation to; respecting; as regards.
I have accepted thee concerning this thing.
Gen. xix. 21.
The Lord hath spoken good concerning Israel.
Num. x. 29.
Con*cern"ing, a. Important.
[Archaic]
So great and so concerning truth.
South.
Con*cern"ing (?), n. 1.
That in which one is concerned or interested; concern;
affair; interest. \'bdOur everlasting
concernments.\'b8
I. Watts.
To mix with thy concernments I desist.
Milton.
2. Importance; moment; consequence.
Let every action of concernment to begun with
prayer.
Jer. Taylor.
3. Concern; participation; interposition.
He married a daughter to the earl without any other
approbation of her father or concernment in it, than
suffering him and her come into his presence.
Clarendon.
4. Emotion of mind; solicitude; anxiety.
While they are so eager to destory the fame of others, their
ambition is manifest in their concernment.
Dryden.
Con*cert" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Concerted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Concerting.] [F.
concerter, It. concertare,
conertare, prob. from L. consertus, p. p.
of conserere to join together; con- +
serere to join together, influenced by
concertare to contend; con- +
centare to strive; properly, to try to decide; fr.
cernere to distinguish. See Series, and cf.
Concern.] 1. To plan together; to
settle or adjust by conference, agreement, or consultation.
It was concerted to begin the siege in March.
Bp. Burnet.
2. To plan; to devise; to arrange.
A commander had more trouble to concert his defense
before the people than to plan . . . the compaign.
Burke.
Con*cert", v. i. To act in harmony or
conjunction; to form combined plans.
The ministers of Denmark were appointed to concert
with Talbot.
Bp. Burnet
Con"cert (?), n. [F.
concert, It. concerto, conserto,
fr. concertare. See Concert, v.
t.] 1. Agreement in a design or plan;
union formed by mutual communication of opions and viewa;
accordance in a scheme; harmony; simultaneous action.
All these discontens, how ruinous soever, have arisen from the
want of a due communication and concert.
Swift.
2. Musical accordance or harmony; concord.
Let us in concert to the season sing.
Cowper.
3. A musical entertainment in which several voices
or instruments take part.
Visit by night your lady's chamber window
With some sweet concert.
Shak.
And boding screech owls make the concert full.
Shak.
Concert pitch. See under
Pitch.
Con`cer*tan"te (?; It. ?), n.
[It., orig p. pr. of concertare to form or
perform a concert. See Concert.] (Mus.)
A concert for two or more principal instruments, with
orchestral accompaniment. Also adjectively; as,
concertante parts.
Con`cer*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
concertatio.] Strife; contention.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Con*cer"ta*tive (?), a. [L.
concertativus.] Contentious;
quarrelsome. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Con*cert"ed (?), a. Mutually
contrived or planned; agreed on; as, concerted
schemes, signals.
Concerted piece (Mus.), a
composition in parts for several voices or instrument, as a trio,
a quartet, etc.
Con`cer*ti"na (?), n. [From It.
concerto a concert.] A small musical
imstrument on the principle of the accordion. It is a small
elastic box, or bellows, having free reeds on the inside, and
keys and handles on the outside of each of the two hexagonal
heads.
Con`cer*ti"no (?), n. [See
Concertina.] (Mus.) A piece for
one or more solo instruments with orchestra; -- more concise than
the concerto.
Con*cer"tion (?), n. Act of
concerting; adjustment. [R.]
Young.
\'d8Con*cert`meis"ter (?), n.
[G.] (Mus.) The head violinist or
leader of the strings in an orchestra; the sub-leader of the
orchestra; concert master.
Con*cer"to (?; It. ?), n.; pl.
Concertos (#). [It. See
Concert, n.] (Mus.) A
composition (usually in symphonic form with three movements) in
which one instrument (or two or three) stands out in bold relief
against the orchestra, or accompaniment, so as to display its
qualities or the performer's skill.
Con*ces"sion (?), n. [L.
concessio, fr. concedere: cf. F.
concession. See Concede.] 1. The
act of conceding or yielding; usually implying a demand, claim,
or request, and thus distinguished from giving, which
is voluntary or spontaneous.
By mutual concession the business was adjusted.
Hallam.
2. A thing yielded; an acknowledgment or admission;
a boon; a grant; esp. a grant by government of a privilege or
right to do something; as, a concession to build a
canal.
This is therefore a concession , that he doth . . .
believe the Scriptures to be sufficiently plain.
Sharp.
When a lover becomes satisfied by small compliances without
further pursuits, then expect to find popular assemblies content
with small concessions.
Swift.
Con*ces"sion*ist, n. One who favors
concession.
Con*ces"sive (?), a. [L.
concessivus.] Implying concession; as,
a concessive conjunction.
Lowth.
Con*ces"sive*ly, adv. By way of
concession.
Con*ces"so*ry (?), a.
Conceding; permissive.
Con*cet"tism (?), n. The use of
concetti or affected conceits. [R.]
C. Kingsley.
\'d8Con*cet"to (?; It. ?), n.;
pl. Concetti (#). [It., fr.
L. conceptus. See Conceit.]
Affected wit; a conceit.
Chesterfield.
Conch (?), n. [L.
concha, Gr. Coach,
n.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A
name applied to various marine univalve shells; esp. to those of
the genus Strombus, which are of large size. S.
gigas is the large pink West Indian conch. The large king,
queen, and cameo conchs are of the genus Cassis. See
Cameo.
conch is sometimes used as a horn or
trumpet, as in fogs at sea, or to call laborers from work.
2. In works of art, the shell used by Tritons as a
trumpet.
3. One of the white natives of the Bahama Islands
or one of their descendants in the Florida Keys; -- so called
from the commonness of the conch there, or because they use it
for food.
4. (Arch.) See Concha,
n.
5. The external ear. See Concha,
n., 2.
\'d8Con"cha (?), n. [LL. (in
sense 1), fr. concha. See Conch.]
1. (Arch.) The plain semidome of an
apse; sometimes used for the entire apse.
2. (Anat.) The external ear; esp. the
largest and deepest concavity of the external ear, surrounding
the entrance to the auditory canal.
Con"chal (?), a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to the concha, or external ear; as, the
conchal cartilage.
Con"chi*fer (?), n. [Cf. F.
conchof\'8are.] (Zo\'94l.) One
of the Conchifera.
\'d8Con*chif"e*ra (?), n,
pl. [NL., fr. L. concha +
ferre to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) That
class of Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells; the
Lamellibranchiata. See Mollusca.
Con*chif"er*ous (?), a.
Producing or having shells.
Con"chi*form, a. [Conch +
-form.] Shaped like one half of a bivalve
shell; shell-shaped.
Con"chi*nine (? , n.
[Formed by transposition fr. cinchonine.]
See Quinidine.
Con"chite (?), n. [Cf. F.
conchite. See Conch.]
(Paleon.) A fossil or petrified conch or
shell.
Con*chit"ic (?), a. Composed of
shells; containing many shells.
Con"choid (?), n. [Gr. concho\'8bde.]
(Geom.) A curve, of the fourth degree, first made
use of by the Greek geometer, Nicomedes, who invented it for the
purpose of trisecting an angle and duplicating the cube.
Con*choid"al (?), a. [Cf. F.
concho\'8bdal.] (Min.) Having
elevations or depressions in form like one half of a bivalve
shell; -- applied principally to a surface produced by
fracture.
Con`cho*log"ic*al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or connected with,
conchology.
Con*chol"o*gist (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One who studies, or is versed in,
conchology.
Con*chol"o*gy (?), n.
[Conch + -logy.]
(Zo\'94l.) The science of Mollusca, and of the
shells which they form; malacology.
Con*chom"e*ter (?), n.
[Conch + -meter.]
(Zo\'94l.) An instrument for measuring shells, or
the angle of their spire.
Con*chom"e*try (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The art of measuring shells or their
curves; conchyliometry.
Con`cho-spi"ral (?), n. A kind
of spiral curve found in certain univalve shells.
Agassiz.
{ Con`chy*la"ceous (?),
Con*chyl`i*a"ceous (?) }, a.
[L. conchylium shell, Gr. Conch.] Of or pertaining
to shells; resembling a shell; as, conchyliaceous
impressions.
Kirwan.
{ Con*chyl`i*ol"o*gist (?), n.,
Con*chyl`i*ol"o*gy (?), } n.
See Conchologist, and Conchology.
Con*chyl`i*om"e*try (?), n.
[Gr. -metry.] Same as
Conchometry.
Con*chyl"i*ous (?), a.
Conchylaceous.
Con"ci*a`tor (?), n. [It.
conciatore, fr. conciare to adjust, dress,
fr. L. comtus, p. p. See Compt,
a.] (Glass Works) The person who
weighs and proportions the materials to be made into glass, and
who works and tempers them.
\'d8Con`cierge" (?), n.
[F.] One who keeps the entrance to an edifice,
public or private; a doorkeeper; a janitor, male or female.
Con*cil"i*a*ble (?), n. [L.
conciliabulum, fr. concitium assembly: cf.
F. conciliabule. See Council.] A
small or private assembly, especially of an ecclesiastical
nature. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Con*cil"i*a*ble, a. [Cf. F.
conciliable.] Capable of being conciliated
or reconciled.
Milton.
Con*cil"i*a*bule (?), n. [See
Conciliable, n.] An obscure
ecclesiastical council; a conciliable.
Milman.
{ Con*cil"i*ar (?),
Con*cil"i*a*ry (?) } a.
[Cf. F. conciliare.] Of or pertaining
to, or issued by, a council.
Jer. Taylor.
Con*cil"i*ate (?; 106), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Conciliated; p.
pr & vb. n. Conciliating.] [L.
conciliatus, p. p. of conciliare to draw or
bring together, unite, from concilium council. See
Council.] To win ower; to gain from a state
of hostility; to gain the good will or favor of; to make
friendly; to mollify; to propitiate; to appease.
The rapacity of his father's administration had excited such
universal discontent, that it was found expedient to
conciliate the nation.
Hallam.
Syn. -- To reconcile; propitiate; appease; pacify.
Con*cil`i*a"tion (?), n. [L.
conciliatio.] The act or process of
conciliating; the state of being conciliated.
The house has gone further; it has declared
conciliation admissible previous to any submission on
the part of America.
Burke.
Con*cil"i*a*tive (?), a.
Conciliatory.
Coleridge.
Con*cil"i*a`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who conciliates.
Con*cil"i*a*to*ry (?; 106), a.
Tending to conciliate; pacific; mollifying;
propitiating.
The only alternative, therefore, was to have recourse to the
conciliatory policy.
Prescott.
Con*cin"nate (?), v. t. [L.
concinnatus, p. p. of concinnare to
concinnate. See Concinnity.] To place fitly
together; to adapt; to clear. [Obs.]
Holland.
Con*cin"ni*ty (?), n. [L.
concinnitas, fr. concinnus skillfully put
together, beautiful. Of uncertain origin.] Internal
harmony or fitness; mutual adaptation of parts; elegance; -- used
chiefly of style of discourse. [R.]
An exact concinnity and eveness of fancy.
Howell.
Con*cin"nous (?), a. [L.
concinnus.] Characterized by concinnity;
neat; elegant. [R.]
The most concinnous and most rotund of proffessors,
M. Heyne.
De Quiency.
Con"cio*nate (?), v. i. [L.
concionatus, p. p. of concionari to
adress.] To preach. [Obs.]
Lithgow.
Con"cio*na`tor (?), n.
[L.] 1. An haranguer of the people; a
preacher.
2. (Old Law) A common councilman.
[Obs.]
Con"cio*na`to*ry (?; 106), a.
Of or pertaining to preaching or public addresses.
[Obs.]
Howell.
Con*cise" (?), a. [L.
concisus cut off, short, p. p. of concidere
to cut to pieces; con- + caedere to cut;
perh. akin to scindere to cleave, and to E.
shed, v.t.; cf. F. concis.]
Expressing much in a few words; condensed; brief and
compacted; -- used of style in writing or speaking.
The concise style, which expresseth not enough, but
leaves somewhat to be understood.
B. Jonson.
Where the author is . . . too brief and concise,
amplify a little.
I. Watts.
Syn. -- Laconic; terse; brief; short; compendious; summary;
succinct. See Laconic, and Terse.
Con*cise"ly, adv. In a concise manner;
briefly.
Con*cise"ness, n. The quality of being
concise.
Con*ci"sion (?), n. [L.
concisio: cf. F. concision. See
Concise.] A cutting off; a division; a
schism; a faction.
South.
Con`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
concitatio. See Concite.] The act
of stirring up, exciting, or agitating. [Obs.]
\'bdThe concitation of humors.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Con*cite" (?), v. t. [L.
concitare; con- + citare. See
Cite.] To excite or stir up. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
<-- p. 296 -->
Con`cla*ma"tion (?), n. [L.
conclamatio.] An outcry or shout of many
together. [R.]
Before his funeral conclamation.
May (Lucan).
Con"clave (? , n.
[F., fr. L. conclave a room that may locked up;
con- + clavis key. See
Clavicle.] 1. The set of apartments
within which the cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church are
continuously secluded while engaged in choosing a pope.
2. The body of cardinals shut up in the conclave
for the election of a pope; hence, the body of cardinals.
It was said a cardinal, by reason of his apparent likelihood
to step into St. Peter's chair, that in two conclaves
he went in pope and came out again cardinal.
South.
3. A private meeting; a close or secret
assembly.
The verdicts pronounced by this conclave (Johnson's
Club) on new books, were speedily known over all London.
Macaulay.
To be in conclave, to be engaged in a secret
meeting; -- said of several, or a considerable number of,
persons.
Con"cla`vist (?), n. [Cf. F.
conclaviste, It. conclavista.]
One of the two ecclesiastics allowed to attend a cardinal in
the conclave.
Con*clude" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Concluded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Concluding.] [L.
concludere, conclusum; con- +
claudere to shut. See Close, v.
t.] 1. To shut up; to inclose.
[Obs.]
The very person of Christ [was] concluded within
the grave.
Hooker.
2. To include; to comprehend; to shut up together;
to embrace. [Obs.]
For God hath concluded all in unbelief.
Rom. xi. 32.
The Scripture hath concluded all under sin.
Gal. iii. 22.
3. To reach as an end of reasoning; to infer, as
from premises; to close, as an argument, by inferring; --
sometimes followed by a dependent clause.
No man can conclude God's love or hatred to any
person by anything that befalls him.
Tillotson.
Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by
faith.
Rom. iii. 28.
4. To make a final determination or judgment
concerning; to judge; to decide.
But no frail man, however great or high,
Can be concluded blest before he die.
Addison.
Is it concluded he shall be protector?
Shak.
5. To bring to an end; to close; to finish.
I will conclude this part with the speech of a
counselor of state.
Bacon.
6. To bring about as a result; to effect; to make;
as, to conclude a bargain. \'bdIf we
conclude a peace.\'b8
Shak.
7. To shut off; to restrain; to limit; to estop; to
bar; -- generally in the passive; as, the defendant is
concluded by his own plea; a judgment concludes
the introduction of further evidence argument.
If therefore they will appeal to revelation for their creation
they must be concluded by it.
Sir M. Hale.
Syn. -- To infer; decide; determine; settle; close; finish;
terminate; end.
Con*clude", v. i. 1. To come to
a termination; to make an end; to close; to end; to
terminate.
A train of lies,
That, made in lust, conclude in perjuries.
Dryden.
And, to conclude,
The victory fell on us.
Shak.
2. To form a final judgment; to reach a
decision.
Can we conclude upon Luther's instability?
Bp. Atterbury.
Conclude and be agreed.
Shak.
Con*clud"en*cy (?), n.
Deduction from premises; inference; conclusion.
[Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.
Con*clud"ent (?), a. [L.
concludens, p. pr.] Bringing to a close;
decisive; conclusive. [Obs.]
Arguments highly consequential and concludent to my
purpose.
Sir M. Hale.
Con*clud"er (?), n. One who
concludes.
Con*clud"ing*ly, adv.
Conclusively. [R.]
Digby.
Con*clu"si*ble (?), a.
Demonstrable; determinable. [Obs.]
Hammond.
Con*clu"sion (?), n. [F., fr.
L. conclusio. See Conclude.]
1. The last part of anything; close; termination;
end.
A fluorish of trumpets announced the conclusion of
the contest.
Prescott.
2. Final decision; determination; result.
And the conclusion is, she shall be thine.
Shak.
3. Any inference or result of reasoning.
4. (Logic) The inferred proposition of a
syllogism; the necessary consequence of the conditions asserted
in two related propositions called premises. See
Syllogism.
He granted him both the major and minor, but denied him the
conclusion.
Addison.
5. Drawing of inferences.
[Poetic]
Your wife Octavia, with her modest eyes
And still conclusion.
Shak.
6. An experiment, or something from which a
conclusion may be drawn. [Obs.]
We practice likewise all conclusions of grafting
and inoculating.
Bacon.
7. (Law) (a) The end or close
of a pleading, e.g., the formal ending of an indictment,
\'bdagainst the peace,\'b8 etc. (b) An
estoppel or bar by which a person is held to a particular
position.
Wharton.
Conclusion to the country (Law),
the conclusion of a pleading by which a party \'bdputs
himself upon the country,\'b8 i.e., appeals to the
verdict of a jury. Mozley & W. -- In
conclusion. (a) Finally. (b)
In short. -- To try conclusions, to make
a trial or an experiment.
Like the famous ape,
To try conclusions, in the basket creep.
Shak.
Syn. -- Inference; deduction; result; consequence; end;
decision. See Inference.
Con*clu"sive (?), a. [Cf. F.
conclusif.] Belonging to a close or
termination; decisive; convincing; putting an end to debate or
question; leading to, or involving, a conclusion or
decision.
Secret reasons . . . equally conclusive for us as
they were for them.
Rogers.
Conclusive evidence (Law), that of
which, from its nature, the law allows no contradiction or
explanation. -- Conclusive presumption
(Law), an inference which the law makes so
peremptorily that it will not allow it to be overthrown by any
contrary proof, however strong.
Syn. -- Final; ultimate; unanswerable. See
Final.
Con*clu"sive*ly (?), adv. In
the way of conclusion; decisively; positively.
Burke.
Con*clu"sive*ness, n. The quality of
being conclusive; decisiveness.
Con*clu"so*ry (?), a.
Conclusive. [R.]
Con*coct" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Concocted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Concocting.] [L.
concoctus, p. p. of concoquere to cook
together, to digest, mature; con- + coquere
to cook. See Cook.] 1. To digest; to
convert into nourishment by the organs of nutrition.
[Obs.]
Food is concocted, the heart beats, the blood
circulates.
Cheyne.
2. To purify or refine chemically.
[Obs.]
Thomson.
3. To prepare from crude materials, as food; to
invent or prepare by combining different ingredients; as, to
concoct a new dish or beverage.
4. To digest in the mind; to devise; to make up; to
contrive; to plan; to plot.
He was a man of a feeble stomach, unable to concoct
any great fortune.
Hayward.
5. To mature or perfect; to ripen.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Con*coct"er (?), n. One who
concocts.
Con*coc"tion (?), n. [L.
concoctio.] 1. A change in food
produced by the organs of nutrition; digestion.
[Obs.]
2. The act of concocting or preparing by combining
different ingredients; also, the food or compound thus
prepared.
3. The act of digesting in the mind; planning or
devising; rumination.
Donne.
4. (Med.) Abatement of a morbid process,
as a fever and return to a normal condition.
[Obs.]
5. The act of perfecting or maturing.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Con*coct"ive (?), a. Having the
power of digesting or ripening; digestive.
Hence the concoctive powers, with various art,
Subdue the cruder aliments to chyle.
J. Armstrong.
Con"col`or (?), a. [L.
concolor; con- + color
color.] Of the same color; of uniform color.
[R.] \'bdConcolor animals.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Con"col`or*ous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of the same color throughout.
{ Con*com"i*tance (?),
Con*com"i*tan*cy (?) }, n.
[Cf. F. concomitance, fr. LL.
concomitantia.] 1. The state of
accompanying; accompaniment.
The secondary action subsisteth not alone, but in
concomitancy with the other.
Sir T. Browne.
2. (R.C.Ch.) The doctrine of the
existence of the entire body of Christ in the eucharist, under
each element, so that the body and blood are both received by
comunication in one kind only.
Con*com"i*tant (?), a. [F., fr.
L. con- + comitari to accompany,
comes companion. See Count a nobleman.]
Accompanying; conjoined; attending.
It has pleased our wise Creator to annex to several objects,
as also to several of our thoughts, a concomitant
pleasure.
Locke.
Con*com"i*tant, n. One who, or that
which, accompanies, or is collaterally connected with another; a
companion; an associate; an accompaniment.
Reproach is a concomitant to greatness.
Addison.
The other concomitant of ingratitude is
hardheartedness.
South.
Con*com"i*tant*ly, adv. In company with
others; unitedly; concurrently.
Bp. pearson.
Con"cord (?), n. [F.
concorde, L. concordia, fr.
concors of the same mind, agreeing; con- +
cor, cordis, heart. See Heart, and
cf. Accord.] 1. A state of
agreement; harmony; union.
Love quarrels oft in pleasing concord end.
Milton.
2. Agreement by stipulation; compact; covenant;
treaty or league. [Obs.]
The concord made between Henry and Roderick.
Davies.
3. (Gram.) Agreement of words with one
another, in gender, number, person, or case.
4. (Old Law) An agreement between the
parties to a fine of land in reference to the manner in which it
should pass, being an acknowledgment that the land in question
belonged to the complainant. See Fine.
Burril.
5. [Prob. influenced by chord.]
(Mus.) An agreeable combination of tones
simultaneously heard; a consonant chord; consonance;
harmony.
Con"cord, n. A variety of American
grape, with large dark blue (almost black) grapes in compact
clusters.
Con*cord" (?), v. i. [F.
concorder, L. concordare.] To
agree; to act together. [Obs.]
Clarendon.
Con*cord"a*ble (?), a. [L.
concordabilis.] Capable of according;
agreeing; harmonious.
Con*cord"ance (?), n. [F., fr.
LL. concordantia.] 1. Agreement;
accordance.
Contrasts, and yet concordances.
Carlyle.
2. (Gram.) Concord; agreement.
[Obs.]
Aschlam.
3. An alphabetical verbal index showing the places
in the text of a book where each principal word may be found,
with its immediate context in each place.
His knowledge of the Bible was such, that he might have been
called a living concordance.
Macaulay.
4. A topical index or orderly analysis of the
contents of a book.
Con*cord"an*cy (?), n.
Agreement.
W. Montagu.
Con*cord"ant (?), a. [L.
concordans, p. pr. of concordare: cf. F.
concordant. See Concord.]
Agreeing; correspondent; harmonious; consonant.
Were every one employed in points concordant to
their natures, professions, and arts, commonwealths would rise up
of themselves.
Sir T. Browne
Con*cord"ant*ly, adv. In a concordant
manner.
Con*cor"dat (?), n. [F.
concordat, L. concordato, prop. p. p. of
concordare. See Concord.] 1.
A compact, covenant, or agreement concerning anything.
2. An agreement made between the pope and a
sovereign or government for the regulation of ecclesiastical
matters with which both are concerned; as, the
concordat between Pope Pius VIL and Bonaparte in
1801.
Hook.
Con*cord"ist (?), n. The
compiler of a concordance.
Con*cor"po*rate (?), v. t. & i.
[L. concorporatus, p. p. of
concorporare.] To unite in one mass or
body; to incorporate. [Archaic.]
Jer. Taylor.
Con*cor"po*rate (?), a. United
in one body; incorporated. [Archaic]
B. Jonson.
Con*cor`po*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
concorporatio.] Union of things in one mass
or body. [R.]
Dr. H. More.
Con"course (?), n. [F.
concours, L. concursus, fr.
concurrere to run together. See
Concur.] 1. A moving, flowing, or
running together; confluence.
The good frame of the universe was not the product of chance
or fortuitous concourse of particles of matter.
Sir M. Hale.
2. An assembly; a gathering formed by a voluntary
or spontaneous moving and meeting in one place.
Amidst the concourse were to be seen the noble
ladies of Milan, in gay, fantastic cars, shining in silk
brocade.
Prescott.
3. The place or point of meeting or junction of two
bodies. [Obs.]
The drop will begin to move toward the concourse of
the glasses.
Sir I. Newton.
4. An open space where several roads or paths meet;
esp. an open space in a park where several roads meet.
5. Concurrence; co\'94peration.
[Obs.]
The divine providence is wont to afford its
concourse to such proceeding.
Barrow.
Con`cre*ate" (? , v. t.
To create at the same time.
If God did concreate grace with Adam.
Jer. Taylor.
Con`cre*ma"tion (? , n.
[L. concrematio, fr. concremare. See
Cremate.] The act of burning different things
together. [Obs.]
Con"cre*ment (?), n. [L.
concrementum, fr. concrescere. See
Concrete.] A growing together; the collection
or mass formed by concretion, or natural union.
[Obs.]
The concrement of a pebble or flint.
Sir M. Hale
Con*cres"cence (?), n. [L.
concrescentia.] Coalescence of particles;
growth; increase by the addition of particles.
[R.]
Sir W. Raleigh.
Con*cres"ci*ble (?), a.
[F.] Capable of being changed from a liquid to a
solid state. [Obs.]
They formed a . . . fixed concrescible oil.
Fourcroy (Trans. ).
Con*cres"cive (?), a. Growing
together, or into union; uniting. [R.]
Eclec. Rev.
Con"crete (? , a. [L.
concretus, p. p. of concrescere to grow
together; con- + crescere to grow; cf. F.
concret. See Crescent.] 1.
United in growth; hence, formed by coalition of separate
particles into one mass; united in a solid form.
The first concrete state, or consistent surface, of
the chaos must be of the same figure as the last liquid
state.
Bp. Burnet.
2. (Logic) (a) Standing for an
object as it exists in nature, invested with all its qualities,
as distingushed from standing for an attribute of an object; --
opposed to abstract. Hence: (b)
Applied to a specific object; special; particular; --
opposed to general. See Abstract, 3.
Concrete is opposed to a abstract. The names of
individuals are concrete, those of classes
abstract.
J. S. Mill.
Concrete terms, while they express the quality, do
also express, or imply, or refer to, some subject to which it
belongs.
I. Watts.
Concrete number, a number associated with, or
applied to, a particular object, as three men,
five days, etc., as distinguished from an
abstract number, or one used without reference to a
particular object. -- Concrete quantity, a
physical object or a collection of such objects. Davies
& Peck. -- Concrete science, a physical
science, one having as its subject of knowledge concrete things
instead of abstract laws. -- Concrete sound
or movement of the voice, one which slides
continuously up or down, as distinguished from a
discrete movement, in which the voice leaps at once
from one line of pitch to another.
Rush.
Con"crete, n. 1. A compound or
mass formed by concretion, spontaneous union, or coalescence of
separate particles of matter in one body.
To divide all concretes, minerals and others, into
the same number of distinct substances.
Boyle.
2. A mixture of gravel, pebbles, or broken stone
with cement or with tar, etc., used for sidewalks, roadways,
foundations, etc., and esp. for submarine structures.
3. (Logic) A term designating both a
quality and the subject in which it exists; a concrete
term.
The concretes \'bdfather\'b8 and \'bdson\'b8 have,
or might have, the abstracts \'bdpaternity\'b8 and
\'bdfiliety\'b8.
J. S. Mill.
4. (Sugar Making) Sugar boiled down from
cane juice to a solid mass.
Con*crete" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Concreted; p.
pr & vb. n. Concreting.] To unite
or coalesce, as separate particles, into a mass or solid
body.
indurate; as, metallic matter concretes
into a hard body; applied to others, it is equivalent to
congeal, thicken, inspissate,
coagulate, as in the concretion of blood. \'bdThe
blood of some who died of the plague could not be made to
concrete.\'b8
Arbuthnot.
Con*crete", v. t. 1. To form
into a mass, as by the cohesion or coalescence of separate
particles.
There are in our inferior world divers bodies that are
concreted out of others.
Sir M. Hale.
2. To cover with, or form of, concrete, as a
pavement.
Con*crete"ly, adv. In a concrete
manner.
Con*crete"ness, n. The quality of being
concrete.
Con*cre"tion (?), n. [L.
concretio.] 1. The process of
concreting; the process of uniting or of becoming united, as
particles of matter into a mass; solidification.
<-- p. 297 -->
2. A mass or nodule of solid matter formed by
growing together, by congelation, condensation, coagulation,
induration, etc.; a clot; a lump; a calculus.
Accidental ossifications or deposits of phosphates of lime in
certain organs . . . are called osseous
concretions.
Dunglison.
3. (Geol.) A rounded mass or nodule
produced by an aggregation of the material around a center;
as, the calcareous concretions common in beds of
clay.
Con*cre"tion*al (?), a.
Concretionary.
Con*cre"tion*a*ry (?), a.
Pertaining to, or formed by, concretion or aggregation;
producing or containing concretions.
Con*cre"tive (?), a. Promoting
concretion.
Sir T. Browne.
Con*cre"tive*ly, adv. In a concrete
manner.
Con*cre"ture (?; 135), n. A
mass formed by concretion. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Con*crew" (?), v. i. [See
Concrete, a., and Accrue.]
To grow together. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Con*crim`i*na"tion (?), n. A
joint accusation.
Con*cu"bi*na*cy (?), n. The
practice of concubinage. [Obs.]
Strype.
Con*cu"bi*nage (?), n. 1.
The cohabiting of a man and a woman who are not legally
married; the state of being a concubine.
concubinage is
marriage of an inferior kind, or performed with less solemnity
than a true or formal marriage; or marriage with a woman of
inferior condition, to whom the husband does not convey his rank
or quality. Under Roman law, it was the living of a man and woman
in sexual relations without marriage, but in conformity with
local law.
2. (Law) A plea, in which it is alleged
that the woman suing for dower was not lawfully married to the
man in whose lands she seeks to be endowed, but that she was his
concubine.
Con*cu"bi*nal (?), a. [L.
concubinalis.] Of or pertaining to
concubinage.
Con*cu`bi*na"ri*an (?), a. & n.
Concubinary.
The married and concubinarian, as well as looser
clergy.
Milman.
Con*cu"bi*na*ry (?), a. [LL.
concubinarius.] Relating to concubinage;
living in concubinage.
Con*cu"bi*na*ry, n.; pl.
Concubinaries (#). One who lives
in concubinage.
Jer. Taylor.
Con*cu"bi*nate (?), n. [L.
concubinatus.] Concubinage.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
Con"cu*bine (?), n. [F., fr. L.
concubina; con- + cubare to lie
down, concumbere to lie together, akin to E.
cubit.] 1. A woman who cohabits
with a man without being his wife; a paramour.
Concubine has been sometimes, but rarely,
used of a male paramour as well as of a female.
Trench.
2. A wife of inferior condition; a lawful wife, but
not united to the man by the usual ceremonies, and of inferior
condition. Such were Hagar and Keturah, the concubines of
Abraham; and such concubines were allowed by the Roman laws.
Their children were not heirs of their father.
Con*cul"cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Concultated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Conculcating.] [L.
conculcatus, p. p. of conculcare to
conculcate fr. calx heel.] To tread or
trample under foot. [Obs.]
Bp. Montagu
-- Con`cul*ca"tion (,
n. [Obs.]
Con*cu"pis*cence (?), n. [F.,
fr. L. concupiscentia.] Sexual lust; morbid
carnal passion.
Concupiscence like a pestilence walketh in
darkness.
Horne.
Con*cu"pis*cent (?), a. [L.
concupiscens, p. pr. of concupiscere, v.
incho. of concupere to long for; con- +
cupere. See Covet.] Having sexual
lust; libidinous; lustful; lecherous; salacious.
Johnson.
Con*cu`pis*cen"tial (?), a.
Relating to concupiscence. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Con*cu`pis*cen"tious (?), a.
Concupiscent. [Obs.]
Con*cu`pis*ci*ble (?), a. [Cf.
F. concupiscible.] 1. Exciting to,
or liable to be affected by, concupiscence; provoking lustful
desires.
Shak.
2. Exciting desire, good or evil.
The schools reduce all the passions to these two heads, the
concupiscible and irascible appetite.
South.
Con*cu"pis*ci*ble*ness, n. The state of
being concupiscible. [Obs.]
Con"cu*py (?), n.
Concupiscence. [Used only in \'bdTroilus and
Cressida\'b8]
Shak.
Con*cur" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Concurred
(; p. pr. & vb. n.
Concurring.] [L. concurrere
to run together, agree; con- + currere to
run. See Current.] 1. To run
together; to meet. [Obs.]
Anon they fierce encountering both concurred
With grisly looks and faces like their fates.
J. Hughes.
2. To meet in the same point; to combine or
conjoin; to contribute or help toward a common object or
effect.
When outward causes concur.
Jer. Colier.
3. To unite or agree (in action or opinion); to
join; to act jointly; to agree; to coincide; to correspond.
Mr. Burke concurred with Lord Chatham in
opinion.
Fox.
Tories and Whigs had concurred in paying honor to
Walker.
Makaulay.
This concurs directly with the letter.
Shak.
4. To assent; to consent. [Obs.]
Milton.
Syn. -- To agree; unite; combine; conspire; coincide;
approve; acquiesce; assent.
Con*cur"rence (?), n. [F.,
competition, equality of rights, fr. LL. concurrentia
competition.] 1. The act of concurring; a
meeting or coming together; union; conjunction;
combination.
We have no other measure but our own ideas, with the
concurence of other probable reasons, to persuade
us.
Locke.
2. A meeting of minds; agreement in opinion; union
in design or act; -- implying joint approbation.
Tarquin the Proud was expelled by the universal
concurrence of nobles and people.
Swift.
3. Agreement or consent, implying aid or
contribution of power or influence; co\'94peration.
We collect the greatness of the work, and the necessity of the
divine concurrence to it.
Rogers.
An instinct that works us to its own purposes without our
concurrence.
Burke.
4. A common right; coincidence of equal powers; as,
a concurrence of jurisdiction in two different
courts.
Con*cur"ren*cy (?), n.
Concurrence.
Con*cur"rent (?), a. [F.
concurrent, L. concurrens, p. pr. of
concurrere.] 1. Acting in
conjunction; agreeing in the same act or opinion; contibuting to
the same event of effect; co\'94perating.
I join with these laws the personal presence of the kings'
son, as a concurrent cause of this reformation.
Sir J. Davies.
The concurrent testimony of antiquity.
Bp. Warburton.
2. Conjoined; associate; concomitant; existing or
happening at the same time.
There is no difference the concurrent echo and the
iterant but the quickness or slowness of the return.
Bacon.
Changes . . . concurrent with the visual changes in
the eye.
Tyndall.
3. Joint and equal in authority; taking cognizance
of similar questions; operating on the same objects; as, the
concurrent jurisdiction of courts.
4. (Geom.) Meeting in one point.
Syn. -- Meeting; uniting; accompanying; conjoined;
associated; coincident; united.
Con*cur"rent, n. 1. One who, or
that which, concurs; a joint or contributory cause.
To all affairs of importance there are three necessary
concurrents . . . time, industry, and faculties.
Dr. H. More.
2. One pursuing the same course, or seeking the
same objects; hence, a rival; an opponent.
Menander . . . had no concurrent in his time that
came near unto him.
Holland.
3. (Chron.) One of the supernumerary
days of the year over fifty-two complete weeks; -- so called
because they concur with the solar cycle, the course
of which they follow.
Con*cur"rent*ly, adv. With concurrence;
unitedly.
Con*cur"rent*ness, n. The state or
quality of being concurrent; concurrence.
Con*cur"ring (?), a.
Agreeing.
Concurring figure (Geom.), one
which, being laid on another, exactly meets every part of it, or
one which correspondends with another in all its parts.
Con*cuss" (?), v. t. [L.
concussus, p. p. of concutere. See
Concussion.] 1. To shake or
agitate. \'bdConcussed with uncertainty.\'b8
Daniel.
2. (Law) To force (a person) to do
something, or give up something, by intimidation; to
coerce.
Wharton.
Con`cus*sa"tion (?), n. A
violent shock or agitation. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Con*cus"sion (?), n. [L.
concussio, fr. concutere,
concussum, to shake violenty; con- +
quatere to shake. See Cashier,
Quash.] 1. A shaking or agitation; a
shock; caused by the collision of two bodies.
It is believed that great ringing of bells, in populous
cities, hath dissipated pestilent air; which may be from the
concussion of the air.
Bacon.
2. (Med.) A condition of lowered
functional activity, without visible structural change, produced
in an organ by a shock, as by fall or blow; as, a
concussion of the brain.
3. (Civil Law) The unlawful forcing of
another by threats of violence to yield up something of
value.
Then concussion, rapine, pilleries,
Their catalogue of accusations fill.
Daniel.
Concussion fuse (Mil.), one that is
ignited by the concussion of the shell when it strikes.
Syn. -- See Shock.
Con*cus"sive (?), a. Having the
power or quality of shaking or agitating.
Johnson.
Cond (?), v. t. [OE.
conduen, condien, F. conduire to
conduct, fr. L. conducere. See Conduct, and
cf. Con (Naut.), Conn.
Cun.] (Naut.) To con, as a
ship.
Con*demn" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Condemned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Condemning
(? ]. [L. condemnare;
con- + damnare to condemn: cf. F.
condamner. See Damn.] 1.
To pronounce to be wrong; to disapprove of; to
censure.
Condemn the fault, and not the actor of it!
Why, every fault's condemned ere it be done.
Shak.
Wilt thou condemn him that is most just?
Job xxxiv. 17.
2. To declare the guilt of; to make manifest the
faults or unworthiness of; to convict of guilt.
The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this
generation, and shall condemn it.
Matt. xii. 42.
3. To pronounce a judicial sentence against; to
sentence to punishment, suffering, or loss; to doom; -- with
to before the penalty.
Driven out from bliss, condemned
In this abhorred deep to utter woe.
Milton.
To each his sufferings; all are men,
Condemned alike to groan.
Gray.
And they shall condemn him to death.
Matt. xx. 18.
The thief condemned, in law already dead.
Pope.
No flocks that range the valley free,
To slaughter I condemn.
Goldsmith.
4. To amerce or fine; -- with in before
the penalty.
The king of Egypt . . . condemned the land in a
hundred talents of silver.
2 Cron. xxxvi. 3.
5. To adjudge or pronounce to be unfit for use or
service; to adjudge or pronounce to be forfeited; as, the
ship and her cargo were condemned.
6. (Law) To doom to be taken for public
use, under the right of eminent domain.
Syn. -- To blame; censure; reprove; reproach; upbraid;
reprobate; convict; doom; sentence; adjudge.
Con"dem*na"ble (?), a. [L.
condemnabilis.] Worthy of condemnation;
blamable; culpable.
Con"dem*na"tion (?), n. [L.
condemnatio.] 1. The act of
condemning or pronouncing to be wrong; censure; blame;
disapprobation.
In every other sense of condemnation, as blame,
censure, reproof, private judgment, and the like.
Paley.
2. The act of judicially condemning, or adjudging
guilty, unfit for use, or forfeited; the act of dooming to
punishment or forfeiture.
A legal and judicial condemnation.
Paley.
Whose condemnation is pronounced.
Shak.
3. The state of being condemned.
His pathetic appeal to posterity in the hopeless hour of
condemnation.
W. Irving.
4. The ground or reason of condemning.
This is the condemnation, that light is come into
the world, and men loved darkness rather light, because their
deeds were evil.
John iii. 19.
Con*dem"na*to*ry (?), a.
Condemning; containing or imposing condemnation or censure;
as, a condemnatory sentence or decree.
Con*demned" (?), a. 1.
Pronounced to be wrong, guilty, worthless, or forfeited;
adjudged or sentenced to punishment, destruction, or
confiscation.
2. Used for condemned persons.
Richard Savage . . . had lain with fifty pounds weight of
irons on his legs in the condemned ward of
Newgate.
Macaulay.
Con*dem"ner (? , n. One
who condemns or censures.
Con*den`sa*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Capability of being condensed.
Con*den"sa*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
condensable.] Capable of being condensed;
as, vapor is condensable.
Con*den"sate (?), a. [L.
condensatus, p. p. of condensare. See
Condense, v. t.] Made dense;
condensed.
Water . . . thickened or condensate.
Peacham.
Con*den"sate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Condensated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Condensating.] To
condense. [R.]
Hammond.
Con`den*sa"tion (?), n. [L.
condensatio: cf. F. condensation.]
1. The act or process of condensing or of being
condensed; the state of being condensed.
He [Goldsmith] was a great and perhaps an unequaled master of
the arts of selection and condensation.
Macaulay.
2. (Physics) The act or process of
reducing, by depression of temperature or increase of pressure,
etc., to another and denser form, as gas to the condition of a
liquid or steam to water.
3. (Chem.) A rearrangement or
concentration of the different constituents of one or more
substances into a distinct and definite compound of greater
complexity and molecular weight, often resulting in an increase
of density, as the condensation of oxygen into ozone,
or of acetone into mesitylene.
Condensation product (Chem.), a
substance obtained by the polymerization of one substance, or by
the union of two or more, with or without separation of some
unimportant side products. -- Surface
condensation, the system of condensing steam by contact
with cold metallic surfaces, in distinction from condensation by
the injection of cold water.
Con*den"sa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
condensatif.] Having the property of
condensing.
Con*dense" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Condensed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Condensing.] [L. condensare;
con- + densare to make thick or dense,
densus thick, dense: cf. F. condenser. See
Dense, and cf. Condensate.] 1.
To make more close, compact, or dense; to compress or
concentrate into a smaller compass; to consolidate; to abridge;
to epitomize.
In what shape they choose,
Dilated or condensed, bright or obscure.
Milton.
The secret course pursued at Brussels and at Madrid may be
condensed into the usual formula, dissimulation,
procrastination, and again dissimulation.
Motley.
2. (Chem. & Physics) To reduce into
another and denser form, as by cold or pressure; as, to
condense gas into a liquid form, or steam into
water.
Condensed milk, milk reduced to the
consistence of very thick cream by evaporation (usually with
addition of sugar) for preservation and transportation. --
Condensing engine, a steam engine in which the
steam is condensed after having exerted its force on the
piston.
Syn. -- To compress; contract; crowd; thicken; concentrate;
abridge; epitomize; reduce.
Con*dense", v. i. 1. To become
more compact; to be reduced into a denser form.
Nitrous acid is gaseous at ordinary temperatures, but
condenses into a very volatile liquid at the zero of
Fahrenheit.
H. Spencer.
2. (Chem.) (a) To combine or
unite (as two chemical substances) with or without separation of
some unimportant side products. (b) To
undergo polymerization.
Con*dense", a. [L.
condensus.] Condensed; compact;
dense. [R.]
The huge condense bodies of planets.
Bentley.
Con*dens"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, condenses.
2. (Physic) (a) An instrument for
condensing air or other elastic fluids, consisting of a cylinder
having a movable piston to force the air into a receiver, and a
valve to prevent its escape. (b) An instrument for
concentrating electricity by the effect of induction between
conducting plates separated by a nonconducting plate.
(c) A lens or mirror, usually of short focal distance,
used to concentrate light upon an object.
<-- p. 298 -->
3. (Chem.) An apparatus for receiving
and condensing the volatile products of distillation to a liquid
or solid form, by cooling.
4. (Steam Engine) An apparatus, separate
from the cylinder, in which the exhaust steam is condensed by the
action of cold water or air. See Illust. of Steam
engine.
Achromatic condenser (Optics), an
achromatic lens used as a condenser. --
Bull's-eye condenser, Bull's-eye (Optics), a lens of
short focal distance used for concentrating rays of light.
-- Injection condenser, a vessel in which steam is
condensed by the direct contact of water. -- Surface
condenser, an apparatus for condensing steam,
especially the exhaust of a steam engine, by bringing it into
contact with metallic surface cooled by water or air.
Con*den"si*ble (?), a. Capable
of being condensed; as, a gas condensible to a
liquid by cold.
Cond"er (?), n. [From
Cond.] One who watches shoals of fish; a
balker. See Balker.
Con`de*scend" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Condescended;
p. pr. & vb. n. Condescending.]
[F. condescendre, LL. condescendere,
fr. L. con- + descendere. See
Descend.] 1. To stoop or descend; to
let one's self down; to submit; to waive the privilege of rank or
dignity; to accommodate one's self to an inferior.
\'bdCondescend to men of low estate.\'b8
Rom. xii. 16.
Can they think me so broken, so debased
With corporal servitude, that my mind ever
Will condescend to such absurd commands?
Milton.
Spain's mighty monarch,
In gracious clemency, does condescend,
On these conditions, to become your friend.
Dryden.
Often used ironically, implying an assumption of
superiority.
Those who thought they were honoring me by
condescending to address a few words to me.
F. W. Robinson.
2. To consent. [Obs.]
All parties willingly condescended heruento.
R. Carew.
Syn. -- To yield; stoop; descend; deign; vouchsafe.
{ Con`de*scend"ence (?),
Con`de*scend"en*cy (?) }, n.
[Cf. F. condescendance.]
Condescension. [Obs.]
Con`de*scend"ing*ly (?), adv.
In a condescending manner.
Atterbury.
Con`de*scen"sion (?), n. [L.
condescensio.] The act of condescending;
voluntary descent from one's rank or dignity in intercourse with
an inferior; courtesy toward inferiors.
It forbids pride . . . and commands humility, modesty, and
condescension to others.
Tillotson.
Such a dignity and condescension . . . as are
suitable to a superior nature.
Addison.
Syn. -- Complaisance; courtesy; affability.
Con`de*scent" (?), n. [Cf.
Condescend, Descent.] An act of
condescension. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Con*dign" (?), a. [F.
condigne, L. condignus very worthy;
con- + dignus worthy. See Deign,
and cf. Digne.] 1. Worthy; suitable;
deserving; fit. [Obs.]
Condign and worthy praise.
Udall.
Herself of all that rule she deemend most
condign.
Spenser.
2. Deserved; adequate; suitable to the fault or
crime. \'bdCondign censure.\'b8
Milman.
Unless it were a bloody murderer . . .
I never gave them condign punishment.
Shak.
Con*dig"ni*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
condignit\'82.] (Scholastic Theol.)
Merit, acguired by works, which can claim reward on the
score of general benevolence.
Such a worthiness of condignity, and proper merit
of the heavenly glory, cannot be found in any the best, most
perfect, and excellent of created beings.
Bp. Bull.
Con*dign"ly (?), adv. According
to merit.
Con*dign"ness, n. Agreeableness to
deserts; suitableness.
Con"di*ment (?), n. [L.
condimentum, fr. condire. See
Condite.] Something used to give relish to
food, and to gratify the taste; a pungment and appetizing
substance, as pepper or mustard; seasoning.
As for radish and the like, they are for
condiments, and not for nourishment.
Bacon.
Con`dis*ci"ple (?), n. [L.
condiscipulus. See Disciple.] A
schoolfellow; a fellow-student. [R.]
Con"dite (?), a. [L.
conditus, p. p. of condire to preserve,
pickle, season. See Recondite.] Preserved;
pickled. [Obs.]
Burton.
Con*dite" (?), v. t. To pickle;
to preserve; as, to condite pears, quinces,
etc. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Con*di"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L.
conditio (better condicio) agreement,
compact, condition; con- + a root signifying to
show, point out, akin to dicere
to say, dicare to proclaim, dedicate. See
Teach, Token.] 1. Mode or
state of being; state or situation with regard to external
circumstances or influences, or to physical or mental integrity,
health, strength, etc.; predicament; rank; position,
estate.
I am in my condition
A prince, Miranda; I do think, a king.
Shak.
And O, what man's condition can be worse
Than his whom plenty starves and blessings curse?
Cowley.
The new conditions of life.
Darwin.
2. Essential quality; property; attribute.
It seemed to us a condition and property of divine
powers and beings to be hidden and unseen to others.
Bacon.
3. Temperament; disposition; character.
[Obs.]
The condition of a saint and the complexion of a
devil.
Shak.
4. That which must exist as the occasion or
concomitant of something else; that which is requisite in order
that something else should take effect; an essential
qualification; stipulation; terms specified.
I had as lief take her dowry with this condition,
to be whipped at the high cross every morning.
Shak.
Many are apt to believe remission of sins, but they believe it
without the condition of repentance.
Jer. Taylor.
5. (Law) A clause in a contract, or
agreement, which has for its object to suspend, to defeat, or in
some way to modify, the principal obligation; or, in case of a
will, to suspend, revoke, or modify a devise or bequest. It is
also the case of a future uncertain event, which may or may not
happen, and on the occurrence or non-occurrence of which, the
accomplishment, recission, or modification of an obligation or
testamentary disposition is made to depend.
Blount. Tomlins. Bouvier. Wharton.
Equation of condition. (Math.) See
under Equation. -- On Upon condition (that), used for
if in introducing conditional sentences. \'bdUpon
condition thou wilt swear to pay him tribute . . . thou
shalt be placed as viceroy under him.\'b8 Shak. --
Conditions of sale, the terms on which it is
proposed to sell property by auction; also, the instrument
containing or expressing these terms.
Syn. -- State; situation; circumstances; station; case;
mode; plight; predicament; stipulation; qualification; requisite;
article; provision; arrangement. See State.
Con*di"tion (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Conditioned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Conditioning.] 1. To make
terms; to stipulate.
Pay me back my credit,
And I'll condition with ye.
Beau. & Fl.
2. (Metaph.) To impose upon an object
those relations or conditions without which knowledge and thought
are alleged to be impossible.
To think of a thing is to condition.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Con*di"tion, v. t. [Cf. LL.
conditionare. See Condition,
n.] 1. To invest with, or limit
by, conditions; to burden or qualify by a condition; to impose or
be imposed as the condition of.
Seas, that daily gain upon the shore,
Have ebb and flow conditioning their march.
Tennyson.
2. To contract; to stipulate; to agree.
It was conditioned between Saturn and Titan, that
Saturn should put to death all his male children.
Sir W. Raleigh.
3. (U. S. Colleges) To put under
conditions; to require to pass a new examination or to make up a
specified study, as a condition of remaining in one's class or in
college; as, to condition a student who has failed
in some branch of study.
4. To test or assay, as silk (to ascertain the
proportion of moisture it contains).
McElrath.
<-- 5. train; acclimate. -->
Con*di"tion*al (?), a. [L.
conditionalis.] 1. Containing,
implying, or depending on, a condition or conditions; not
absolute; made or granted on certain terms; as, a
conditional promise.
Every covenant of God with man . . . may justly be made (as in
fact it is made) with this conditional punishment
annexed and declared.
Bp. Warburton.
2. (Gram. & Logic) Expressing a
condition or supposition; as, a conditional word,
mode, or tense.
A conditional proposition is one which asserts the
dependence of one categorical proposition on another.
Whately.
The words hypothetical and conditional may be . . .
used synonymously.
J. S. Mill.
Con*di"tion*al, n. 1. A
limitation. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. A conditional word, mode, or proposition.
Disjunctives may be turned into conditionals.
L. H. Atwater.
Con*di`tion*al"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being conditional, or limited; limitation by certain
terms.
Con*di"tion*al*ly (?), adv. In
a conditional manner; subject to a condition or conditions; not
absolutely or positively.
Shak.
Con*di"tion*ate (?), a.
[LL. conditionatus, p. p. See
Condition, v. t.]
Conditional. [Obs.]
Barak's answer is faithful, though
conditionate.
Bp. Hall.
Con*di"tion*ate (?), v. t.
1. To qualify by conditions; to regulate.
[Obs.]
2. To put under conditions; to render
conditional.
Con*di"tioned (?), a. 1.
Surrounded; circumstanced; in a certain state or condition,
as of property or health; as, a well conditioned
man.
The best conditioned and unwearied spirit.
Shak.
2. Having, or known under or by, conditions or
relations; not independent; not absolute.
Under these, thought is possible only in the
conditioned interval.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Con*di"tion*ly, adv.
Conditionally. [Obs.]
Con"di*to*ry (?), n.; pl.
Conditories (#). [L.
conditorium, fr. condere to hide. See
Recondite.] A repository for holding things;
a hinding place.
Con*dog" (?; 115), v. i. [A
punning corruption of concur.] To concur;
to agree. [Burlesque]
agree; thus. \'bdAgree; concurre, cohere,
condog, condescend.\'b8
Cockeram.
Con*do"la*to*ry (?), a.
Expressing condolence.
Smart.
Con*dole" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Condoled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Condoling.] [L. condolere;
con- + dolere to feel pain, grieve. See
Doleful.] To express sympathetic sorrow; to
grieve in sympathy; -- followed by with.
Your friends would have cause to rejoice, rather than
condole with you.
Sir W. Temple.
Con*dole", v. t. To lament or grieve
over. [R.]
I come not, Samson, to condole thy chance.
Milton.
Con*dole"ment (?), n. 1.
Condolence. \'bdA pitiful condolement.\'b8
Milton.
2. Sorrow; mourning; lamentation.
Shak.
Con*do"lence (?), n. [Cf. F.
condol\'82ance.] Expression of sympathy
with another in sorrow or grief.
Their congratulations and their condolences.
Steele.
A special mission of condolence.
Macaulay.
Con*dol"er (?), n. One who
condoles.
Con`do*na"tion (?), n. [L.
condonatio a giving away.] 1. The
act of condoning or pardoning.
2. (Law) Forgiveness, either express or
implied, by a husband of his wife or by a wife of her husband,
for a breach of marital duty, as adultery, with an implied
condition that the offense shall not be repeated.
Bouvier. Wharton.
Con*done" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Condoned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Condoning.] [L. condonare,
-donatum, to give up, remit, forgive; con-
+ donare to give. See Donate.]
1. To pardon; to forgive.
A fraud which he had either concocted or
condoned.
W. Black.
It would have been magnanimous in the men then in power to
have overlooked all these things, and, condoning the
politics, to have rewarded the poetry of Burns.
J. C. Shairp.
<-- 1b. to consider or treat as if harmless or trivial -->
2. (Law) To pardon; to overlook the
offense of; esp., to forgive for a violation of the marriage law;
-- said of either the husband or the wife.
Con"dor (?), n. [Sp.
condor, fr. Peruvian cuntur.]
(Zo\'94l.) A very large bird of the Vulture
family (Sarcorhamphus gryphus), found in the most
elevated parts of the Andes.
<-- also California condor -->
\'d8Con`dot*tie"re (?), n.; pl.
Condottieri (#). [It.,
captain.] A military adventurer of the fourteenth and
fifteenth centuries, who sold his services, and those of his
followers, to any party in any contest.
Con*duce" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Conduced
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Conducing.] [L. conducere to
bring together, conduce, hire; con- +
ducere to lead. See Duke and cf. Conduct,
n., Cond.] To lead or tend, esp.
with reference to a favorable or desirable result; to contribute;
-- usually followed by to or toward.
He was sensible how much such a union would conduce
to the happiness of both.
Macaulay.
The reasons you allege do more conduce
To the hot passion of distemper'd blood.
Shak.
Syn. -- To contribute; aid; assist; tend; subserve.
Con*duce", v. t. To conduct; to lead; to
guide. [Obs.]
He was sent to conduce hither the princess.
Sir H. Wotton.
Con*du"cent (?), a. [L.
conducens, p. pr.] Conducive;
tending.
Conducent to the good success of this business.
Abp. Laud.
Con*du"ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
state or quality of being conducible; conducibleness.
Bp. Wilkins.
Con*du"ci*ble (?), a. [L.
conducibilis.] Conducive; tending;
contributing.
Bacon.
All his laws are in themselves conducible to the
temporal interest of them that observe them.
Bentley.
Con*du"ci*ble*ness, n. Quality of being
conducible.
Con*du"ci*bly, adv. In a manner to
promote. [R.]
Con*du"cive (?), a. Loading or
tending; helpful; contributive; tending to promote.
However conducive to the good or our country.
Addison.
Con*du"cive*ness, n. The quality of
conducing.
Con"duct (?), n. [LL.
conductus defense, escort, fr. L.
conductus, p. p. of conducere. See
Conduce, and cf. Conduit.] 1.
The act or method of conducting; guidance; management.
Christianity has humanized the conduct of war.
Paley.
The conduct of the state, the administration of its
affairs.
Ld. Brougham.
2. Skillful guidance or management;
generalship.
Conduct of armies is a prince's art.
Waller.
Attacked the Spaniards . . . with great impetuosity, but with
so little conduct, that his forces were totally
routed.
Robertson.
3. Convoy; escort; guard; guide.
[Archaic]
I will be your conduct.
B. Jonson.
In my conduct shall your ladies come.
Shak.
4. That which carries or conveys anything; a
channel; a conduit; an instrument. [Obs.]
Although thou been conduct of my chame.
Shak.
5. The manner of guiding or carrying one's self;
personal deportment; mode of action; behavior.
All these difficulties were increased by the
conduct of Shrewsbury.
Macaulay.
What in the conduct of our life appears
So well designed, so luckily begun,
But when we have our wish, we wish undone?
Dryden.
6. Plot; action; construction; manner of
development.
The book of Job, in conduct and diction.
Macaulay.
Conduct money (Naut.), a portion of
a seaman's wages retained till the end of his engagement, and
paid over only if his conduct has been satisfactory.
Syn. -- Behavior; deportment; demeanor; bearing; management;
guidance. See Behavior.
Con*duct" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Conducted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Conducting.] [See
Conduct, n.] 1. To lead,
or guide; to escort; to attend.
I can conduct you, lady, to a low
But loyal cottage, where you may be safe.
Milton.
2. To lead, as a commander; to direct; to manage;
to carry on; as, to conduct the affairs of a
kingdom.
Little skilled in the art of conducting a
siege.
Prescott.
3. To behave; -- with the reflexive; as, he
conducted himself well.
4. (Physics) To serve as a medium for
conveying; to transmit, as heat, light, electricity, etc.
5. (Mus.) To direct, as the leader in
the performance of a musical composition.
Con*duct", v. i. 1. To act as a
conductor (as of heat, electricity, etc.); to carry.
2. To conduct one's self; to behave.
[U. S.]
Con*duct`i*bil"i*ty (?), n.
[Cf. F. conductibilit\'82.] 1.
Capability of being conducted; as, the
conductibility of heat or electricity.
2. Conductivity; capacity for receiving and
transmitting.
Con*duct"i*ble (?), a. Capable
of being conducted.
<-- p. 299 -->
Con*duc"tion (?), n. [L.
conductio a bringing together: cf. F.
conduction.] 1. The act of leading
or guiding.
Sir W. Raleigh.
2. The act of training up.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
3. (Physics) Transmission through, or by
means of, a conductor; also, conductivity.
[The] communication [of heat] from one body to another when
they are in contact, or through a homogenous body from particle
to particle, constitutes conduction.
Amer. Cyc.
Con*duct"ive (?), a. Having the
quality or power of conducting; as, the conductive
tissue of a pistil.
The ovarian walls . . . are seen to be distinctly
conductive.
Goodale (Gray's Bot. ).
Con`duc*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or power of conducting, or of receiving and transmitting,
as, the conductivity of a nerve.
Thermal conductivity (Physics), the
quantity of heat that passes in unit time through unit area of<--
a--> plate whose thickness is unity, when its opposite faces
differ in temperature by one degree. J. D. Everett.
-- Thermometic conductivity (Physics),
the thermal conductivity when the unit of heat employed is
the heat required to raise <--a -->unit volume of the substance
one degree.
Con*duct"or (?), n. [LL., a
carrier, transporter, L., a lessee.] 1. One
who, or that which, conducts; a leader; a commander; a guide; a
manager; a director.
Zeal, the blind conductor of the will.
Dryden.
2. One in charge of a public conveyance, as of a
railroad train or a street car. [U. S.]
3. (Mus.) The leader or director of an
orchestra or chorus.
4. (Physics) A substance or body capable
of being a medium for the transmission of certain forces, esp.
heat or electricity; specifically, a lightning rod.
5. (Surg.) A grooved sound or staff used
for directing instruments, as lithontriptic forceps, etc.; a
director.
6. (Arch.) Same as
Leader.
Prime conductor (Elec.), the
largest conductor of an electrical machine, serving to collect,
accumulate, or retain the electricity.
Con*duct"o*ry (?), a. [LL.
conductorius.] Having the property of
conducting. [R.]
Con*duct"ress (?), n. A woman
who leads or directs; a directress.
Con"duit (? , n.
[F., fr. LL. conductus escort, conduit. See
Conduct.] 1. A pipe, canal, channel,
or passage for conveying water or fluid.
All the conduits of my blood froze up.
Shak.
This is the fountain of all those bitter waters, of which,
through a hundred different conduits, we have
drunk.
Burke.
2. (Arch.) (a) A structure
forming a reservoir for water.
Oxf. Gloss.
(b) A narrow passage for private
communication.
Con*du"pli*cate (?), a. [L.
conduplicatus, p. p. of conduplicare. See
Duplicate.] (Bot.) Folded
lengthwise along the midrib, the upper face being within; -- said
of leaves or petals in vernation or \'91stivation.
Con*du`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
conduplicatio.] A doubling together or
folding; a duplication. [R.]
Con`du*ran"go (?), n.
(Med.) See Cundurango.
Con*dur"rite (?), n.
(Min.) A variety of the mineral domeykite, or
copper arsenide, from the Condurra mine in Cornwall,
England.
Con"dy*lar (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to a condyle.
Condylar foramen (Anat.), a formen
in front of each condyle of the occipital bone; -- sometimes
called the anterior condylar foramen when a second, or
posterior, foramen is present behind the condyle, as often
happens in man.
Con"dyle (? , n. [L.
condylus knuckle, joint, Gr. condyle.] (Anat.) A bony
prominence; particularly, an eminence at the end of a bone
bearing a rounded articular surface; -- sometimes applied also to
a concave articular surface.
Con"dy*loid (?), a.
[Condyle + -oid: cf. F.
condylo\'8bde.] (Anat.) Shaped
like or pertaining to a condyle.
{ \'d8Con`dy*lo"ma (?),
\'d8Con"dy*lome (?) }, n.;
pl. Condylomata (#) or
(#), E. Condylomes (#).
[NL. condyloma, fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.) A wartlike new
growth on the outer skin or adjoining mucous membrance.
\'d8Con*dyl"o*ped (?), n. [Gr.
-pod.]
(Zo\'94l.) An arthropod.
\'d8Cone (?), n. [L.
conus cone (in sense 1), Gr. \'87ana whetstone, L. cuneus wedge, and
prob. to E. hone. See Hone,
n.] 1. (Geom.) A solid
of the form described by the revolution of a right-angled
triangle about one of the sides adjacent to the right angle; --
called also a right cone. More generally, any
solid having a vertical point and bounded by a surface which is
described by a straight line always passing through that vertical
point; a solid having a circle for its base and tapering to a
point or vertex.
2. Anything shaped more or less like a mathematical
cone; as, a volcanic cone, a collection of scori\'91
around the crater of a volcano, usually heaped up in a conical
form.
Now had Night measured with her shadowy cone
Half way up hill this vast sublunar vault.
Milton.
3. (Bot.) The fruit or strobile of the
Conifer\'91, as of the pine, fir, cedar, and cypress.
It is composed of woody scales, each one of which has one or two
seeds at its base.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A shell of the genus
Conus, having a conical form.
Cone of rays (Opt.), the pencil of
rays of light which proceed from a radiant point to a given
surface, as that of a lens, or conversely. -- Cone
pulley. See in the Vocabulary. --
Oblique Scalene cone,
a cone of which the axis is inclined to the plane of its
base. -- Eight cone. See Cone,
1.
Cone (?), v. t. To render
coneshaped; to bevel like the circular segment of a cone; as,
to cone the tires of car wheels.
Cone"-in-cone" (?), a.
(Geol.) Consisting of a series of parallel cones,
each made up of many concentric cones closely packed together; --
said of a kind of structure sometimes observed in sedimentary
rocks.
Co*ne"ine (? , n.
(Chem.) See Conine.
{ Co"ne*pate (?), Co"ne*patl
(?) }, n. [Mexican
conepatl and epatl.]
(Zo\'94l.) The skunk.
Cone" pul"ley (?). A pulley for driving
machines, etc., having two or more parts or steps of different
diameters; a pulley having a conical shape.
Co"ney (? , n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A rabbit. See Cony.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A fish. See
Cony.
Con"fab (?), n. [Contr. from
confabulation.] Familiar talk or
conversation. [Colloq.]
Con*fab"u*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Confabulated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Confabulating.]
[L. confabulatus, p. p. of
confabulary, to converse together; con- +
fabulary to speak, fr. fabula. See
Fable.] To talk familiarly together; to chat;
to prattle.
I shall not ask Jean Jaques Rousseau
If birds confabulate or no.
Cowper.
Con*fab`u*la"tion (?), n. [L.
confabulatio.] Familiar talk; easy,
unrestrained, unceremonious conversation.
Friends' confabulations are comfortable at all
times, as fire in winter.
Burton.
Con*fab"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Of
the nature of familiar talk; in the form of a dialogue.
Weever.
Con"fa*lon (?), n. [F. See
Confalon.] (R. C. Ch.) One of a
fraternity of seculars, also called
Penitents.
Con*far`re*a"tion (?), n. [L.
confarreatio, fr. confarreare to marry;
con- + farreum (sc. libum cake)
a spelt cake, fr. farreus made of spelt, fr.
far a sort of grain.] (Antiq.) A
form of marriage among the Romans, in which an offering of bread
was made, in presence of the high priest and at least ten
witnesses.
Con*fat"ed (?), p.a. Fated or
decreed with something else. [R.]
A. Tucker.
Con*fect" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Confected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Confecting.] [L.
confectus, p. p. of conficere to prepare.
See Comfit.] 1. To prepare, as
sweetmeats; to make a confection of. [Obs.]
Saffron confected in Cilicia.
W. Browne.
2. To construct; to form; to mingle or mix.
[Obs.]
Of this were confected the famous everlasting lamps
and tapers.
Sir T. Herbert.
[My joys] are still confected with some fears.
Stirling.
Con"fect (?), n. A comfit; a
confection. [Obs.]
At supper eat a pippin roasted and sweetened with sugar of
roses and caraway confects.
Harvey.
Con*fec"tion (?), n. [F., fr.
L. confectio.] 1. A composition of
different materials. [Obs.]
A new confection of mold.
Bacon.
2. A preparation of fruits or roots, etc., with
sugar; a sweetmeat.
Certain confections . . . are like to candied
conserves, and are made of sugar and lemons.
Bacon.
3. A composition of drugs.
Shak.
4. (Med.) A soft solid made by
incorporating a medicinal substance or substances with sugar,
sirup, or honey.
conserves (made of fresh vegetable substances
and sugar) and electuaries (medicinal substances
combined with sirup or honey), but the distinction is now
abandoned and all are called confections.
Con*fec"tion*a*ry (?), n. [Cf.
LL. confectionaris a pharmacist.] A
confectioner. [Obs.]
He will take your daughters to be confectionaries,
and to be cooks.
1 Sam. viii. 13.
Con*fec"tion*a*ry, a. Prepared as a
confection.
The biscuit or confectionary plum.
Cowper.
Con*fec"tion*er (?), n. 1.
A compounder. [Obs.]
Canidia Neapolitana was confectioner of
unguents.
Haywood.
2. One whose occupation it is to make or sell
confections, candies, etc.
Con*fec"tion*er*y (?), n.
1. Sweetmeats, in general; things prepared and sold
by a confectioner; confections; candies.
2. A place where candies, sweetmeats, and similar
things are made or sold.
Con*fec"to*ry (?), a.
Pertaining to the art of making sweetmeats.
[Obs.]
Beaumont.
Con*fec"ture (?), n. Same as
Confiture. [Obs.]
Con*fed"er (?), v. i. [Cf. F.
conf. See Confederate.]
To confederate. [Obs.]
Sir T. North.
Con*fed"er*a*cy (?), n.; pl.
Confederacies (#). [From
Confederate, a.] 1. A league or
compact between two or more persons, bodies of men, or states,
for mutual support or common action; alliance.
The friendships of the world are oft
Confederacies in vice or leagues of pleasure.
Addison.
He hath heard of our confederacy.
Shak.
Virginia promoted a confederacy.
Bancroft.
2. The persons, bodies, states, or nations united
by a league; a confederation.
The Grecian common wealth, . . . the most heroic
confederacy that ever existed.
Harris.
Virgil has a whole confederacy against him.
Dryden.
3. (Law) A combination of two or more
persons to commit an unlawful act, or to do a lawful act by
unlawful means. See Conspiracy.
Syn. -- League; compact; alliance; association; union;
combination; confederation.
Con*fed"er*ate (?), a. [L.
confoederatus, p. p. of confoederare to
join by a league; con- + foederare to
establish by treaty or league, fr. foedus league,
compact. See Federal.] 1. United in
a league; allied by treaty; engaged in a confederacy; banded
together; allied.
All the swords
In Italy, and her confederate arms,
Could not have made this peace.
Shak.
2. (Amer. Hist.) Of or pertaining to the
government of the eleven Southern States of the United States
which (1860-1865) attempted to establish an independent nation
styled the Confederate States of America; as, the
Confederate congress; Confederate
money.
Con*fed"er*ate, n. 1. One who
is united with others in a league; a person or a nation engaged
in a confederacy; an ally; also, an accomplice in a bad
sense.
He found some of his confederates in gaol.
Macaulay.
2. (Amer. Hist.) A name designating an
adherent to the cause of the States which attempted to withdraw
from the Union (1860-1865).
Con*fed"er*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Confederated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Confederating
(?).] To unite in a legue or
confederacy; to ally.
With these the Piercies them confederate.
Daniel.
Con*fed"er*ate, v. i. To unite in a
league; to join in a mutual contract or covenant; to band
together.
By words men . . . covenant and confederate.
South.
Con*fed"er*a`ter (?), n. A
confederate.
Con*fed`er*a"tion (?), n. [L.
confoederatio: cf. F.
conf\'82d\'82ration.] 1. The act
of confederating; a league; a compact for mutual support;
alliance, particulary of princes, nations, or states.
The three princes enter into some strict league and
confederation among themselves.
Bacon.
This was no less than a political confederation of
the colonies of New England.
Palfrey.
2. The parties that are confederated, considered as
a unit; a confederacy.
Articles of confederation. See under
Article.
Con*fed"er*a*tive (? , a.
Of or pertaining to a confederation.
Con*fed"er*a`tor (?), n. A
confederate.
Grafton.
Con*fer" (?), v.t.
[imp. & p. p. Conferred
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Conferring.] [L. conferre to
bring together, contribute, consult; con- +
ferre to bear: cf. F. conf\'82rer. See 1st
Bear.] 1. To bring together for
comparison; to compare. [Obs.]
If we confer these observations with others of the
like nature, we may find cause to rectify the general
opinion.
Boyle.
2. To grant as a possession; to bestow.
The public marks of honor and reward
Conferred upon me.
Milton.
3. To contribute; to conduce.
[Obs.]
The closeness and compactness of the parts resting together
doth much confer to the strength of the union.
Glanvill.
Con*fer", v. i. To have discourse; to
consult; to compare views; to deliberate.
Festus, when he had conferred with the council,
answered.
Acts xxv. 12.
You shall hear us confer of this.
Shak.
Syn. -- To counsel; advise; discourse; converse.
Con`fer*ee" (?), n. [Cf.
Referee.] 1. One who is conferred
with, or who takes part in a conference; as, the
conferees on the part of the Senate.
2. One upon whom something is conferred.
Con"fer*ence (?), n. [F.
conf\'82rence. See Confer.] 1.
The act of comparing two or more things together;
comparison. [Obs.]
Helps and furtherances which . . . the mutual
conference of all men's collections and observations
may afford.
Hocker.
2. The act of consulting together formally; serious
conversation or discussion; interchange of views.
Nor with such free and friendly conference
As he hath used of old.
Shak.
3. A meeting for consultation, discussion, or an
interchange of opinions.
4. A meeting of the two branches of a legislature,
by their committees, to adjust between them.
5. (Methodist Church) A stated meeting
of preachers and others, invested with authority to take
cognizance of ecclesiastical matters.
6. A voluntary association of Congregational
churches of a district; the district in which such churches
are.
Conference meeting, a meeting for conference.
Specifically, a meeting conducted (usually) by laymen, for
conference and prayer. [U. S.] --
Conference room, a room for conference and
prayer, and for the pastor's less formal addresses. [U.
S.]
Con`fer*en"tial (?), a.
Relating to conference. [R.]
Clarke.
Con*fer"ra*ble (#) a. Capable
of being conferred.
Con`fer*ree" (#), n. Same as
Conferee.
<-- p. 300 -->
<-- p. 300 -->
Con*fer"rer (?), n. 1.
One who confers; one who converses.
Johnson.
2. One who bestows; a giver.
{ Con`fer*ru"mi*nate (?),
Con`fer*ru"mi*na`ted (?) }, a.
[L. conferruminare to cement. See
Ferruminate.] (Bot.) Closely
united by the coalescence, or sticking together, of contiguous
faces, as in the case of the cotyledons of the live-oak
acorn.
\'d8Con*fer"va (?), n.; pl.
Conferv\'91 (#). [L., a kind of
water plant. See Comfrey.] (Bot.)
Any unbranched, slender, green plant of the fresh-water
algae. The word is frequently used in a wider sense.
Con`fer*va"ceous (?), a.
Belonging to the confervae.
Con*fer"void (?), a.
[Conferva + -oid.] Like, or
related to, the confervae.
Loudon.
Con*fer"vous (?), a. Pertaining
to confervae; consisting of, or resembling, the confervae.
Yon exiguous pool's confervous scum.
O. W. Holmes.
Con*fess" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Confessed
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Confessing.] [F. confesser,
fr. L. confessus, p.p. of confiteri to
confess; con- + fateri to confess; akin to
fari to speak. See 2d Ban,
Fame.] 1. To make acknowledgment or
avowal in a matter pertaining to one's self; to acknowledge, own,
or admit, as a crime, a fault, a debt.
And there confess
Humbly our faults, and pardon beg.
Milton.
I must confess I was most pleased with a beautiful
prospect that none of them have mentioned.
Addison.
2. To acknowledge faith in; to profess belief
in.
Whosoever, therefore, shall confess me before men,
him will I confess, also, before my Father which is in
heaven.
Matt. x. 32.
For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, neither
angel, nor spirit; but the Pharisees confess both.
Acts xxiii. 8.
3. To admit as true; to assent to; to acknowledge,
as after a previous doubt, denial, or concealment.
I never gave it him. Send for him hither,
And let him confess a truth.
Shak.
As I confess it needs must be.
Tennyson.
As an actor confessed without rival to shine.
Goldsmith.
4. (Eccl.) (a) To make known or
acknowledge, as one's sins to a priest, in order to receive
absolution; -- sometimes followed by the reflexive pronoun.
Our beautiful votary took an opportunity of
confessing herself to this celebrated father.
Addison.
(b) To hear or receive such confession; -- said of
a priest.
He . . . heard mass, and the prince, his son, with him, and
the most part of his company were confessed.
Ld. Berners.
5. To disclose or reveal, as an effect discloses
its cause; to prove; to attest.
Tall thriving trees confessed the fruitful
mold.
Pope.
Syn. -- Admit; grant; concede; avow; own; assent; recognize;
prove; exhibit; attest. -- To Confess,
Acknowledge, Avow. Acknowledge is
opposed to conceal. We acknowledge what we
feel must or ought to be made known. (See Acknowledge.)
Avow is opposed to withhold. We
avow when we make an open and public declaration, as
against obloquy or opposition; as, to avow one's
principles; to avow one's participation in some act.
Confess is opposed to deny. We
confess (in the ordinary sense of the word) what we
feel to have been wrong; as, to confess one's errors
or faults. We sometimes use confess and
acknowledge when there is no admission of our being in
the wrong; as, this, I confess, is my opinion; I
acknowledge I have always thought so; but in these
cases we mean simply to imply that others may perhaps
think us in the wrong, and hence we use the words by
way of deference to their opinions. It was in this way that the
early Christians were led to use the Latin confiteor
and confessio fidei to denote the public declaration
of their faith in Christianity; and hence the corresponding use
in English of the verb confess and the noun
confession.
Con*fess", v. i. 1. To make
confession; to disclose sins or faults, or the state of the
conscience.
Every tongue shall confess to God.
Rom. xiv. 11.
2. To acknowledge; to admit; to concede.
But since
(And I confess with right) you think me bound.
Tennyson.
Con*fess"ant (?), n. [F.
confessant.] One who confesses to a
priest. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Con*fess"a*ry (?), n. [LL.
confessarius.] One who makes a
confession. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Con*fess"ed*ly (?), adv. By
confession; without denial. [Written also
confessly.]
Con*fess"er (?), n. One who
makes a confession.
Con*fes"sion (?), n. [F.
confession, L. confessio.]
1. Acknowledgment; avowal, especially in a matter
pertaining to one's self; the admission of a debt, obligation, or
crime.
With a crafty madness keeps aloof,
When we would bring him on to some confession
Of his true state.
Shak.
2. Acknowledgment of belief; profession of one's
faith.
With the mouth confession is made unto
salvation.
Rom. x. 10.
3. (Eccl.) The act of disclosing sins or
faults to a priest in order to obtain sacramental
absolution.
Auricular confession . . . or the private and
special confession of sins to a priest for the purpose
of obtaining his absolution.
Hallam.
4. A formulary in which the articles of faith are
comprised; a creed to be assented to or signed, as a preliminary
to admission to membership of a church; a confession of
faith.
5. (Law) An admission by a party to whom
an act is imputed, in relation to such act. A judicial confession
settles the issue to which it applies; an extrajudical confession
may be explained or rebutted.
Wharton.
Confession and avoidance (Law), a
mode of pleading in which the party confesses the facts as stated
by his adversary, but alleges some new matter by way of avoiding
the legal effect claimed for them.
Mozley & W.
Confession of faith, a formulary containing
the articles of faith; a creed. -- General
confession, the confession of sins made by a number of
persons in common, as in public prayer. -- Westminster
Confession. See Westminster Assembly,
under Assembly.
Con*fes"sion*al (?), n. [F.
confessional.] The recess, seat, or
inclosed place, where a priest sits to hear confessions; often a
small structure furnished with a seat for the priest and with a
window or aperture so that the penitent who is outside may
whisper into the priest's ear without being seen by him or heard
by others.
Con*fes"sion*al, a. Pertaining to a
confession of faith.
Confessional equality, equality before the law
of persons confessing different creeds.
Con*fes"sion*al*ism (?), n.
(Eccl.) An exaggerated estimate of the importance
of giving full assent to any particular formula of the Christian
faith.
Shaff.
Con*fes"sion*al*ist, n. A priest
hearing, or sitting to hear, confession. [R.]
Boucher
Con*fes"sion*a*ry (?), n. [LL.
confessionarium.] A confessional.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
Con*fes"sion*a*ry, a. Pertaining to
auricular confession; as, a confessionary
litany.
Con*fes"sion*ist, n. [Cf. F.
confessioniste.] One professing a certain
faith.
Bp. Montagu.
Con*fess"or (?; 277), n. [OF.
confessor, F. confesseur, fr. L. & LL.
confessor.] 1. One who confesses;
one who acknowledges a fault, or the truth of a charge, at the
risk of suffering; specifically, one who confesses himself a
follower of Christ and endures persecution for his faith.
He who dies for religion is a martyr; he who suffers for it is
a confessor.
Latham.
Our religion which hath been sealed with the blood of so many
martyrs and confessors.
Bacon.
2. A priest who hears the confessions of others and
is authorized to grant them absolution.
Con*fess"or*ship, n. The act or state of
suffering persecution for religious faith.
Our duty to contend even to confessorship.
J. H. Newman.
Con*fest"ly (?), adv. See
Cofessedly.
{ Con`fi*dant" (?); 277), n.
masc., Con`fi*dante" (?; 277), n.
fem. }[F. confident,
confidente, formerly also spelt confidant,
confidante. See Confide, and cf.
Confident.] One to whom secrets, especially
those relating to affairs of love, are confided or intrusted; a
confidential or bosom friend.
You love me for no other end
Than to become my confidant and friend;
As such I keep no secret from your sight.
Dryden.
Con*fide" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Confided; p.pr.
& vb.n. Confiding.] [L.
confidere; con- + fidere to
trust. See Faith, and cf. Affiance.]
To put faith (in); to repose confidence; to
trust; -- usually followed by in; as, the prince
confides in his ministers.
By thy command I rise or fall,
In thy protection I confide.
Byron.
Judge before friendships, then confide till
death.
Young.
Con*fide", v. t. To intrust; to give in
charge; to commit to one's keeping; -- followed by
to.
Congress may . . . confide to the Circuit
jurisdiction of all offenses against the United States.
Story.
Con"fi*dence (?), n. [L.
confidentia firm trust in, self-confidence: cf. F.
confidence.] 1. The act of
confiding, trusting, or putting faith in; trust; reliance;
belief; -- formerly followed by of, now commonly by
in.
Society is built upon trust, and trust upon
confidence of one another's integrity.
South.
A cheerful confidence in the mercy of God.
Macaulay.
2. That in which faith is put or reliance
had.
The Lord shall be thy confidence.
Prov. iii. 26.
3. The state of mind characterized by one's
reliance on himself, or his circumstamces; a feeling of
self-sufficiency; such assurance as leads to a feeling of
security; self-reliance; -- often with self
prefixed.
Your wisdom is consumed in confidence;
Do not go forth to-day.
Shak.
But confidence then bore thee on secure
Either to meet no danger, or to find
Matter of glorious trial.
Milton.
4. Private conversation; (pl.) secrets
shared; as, there were confidences between
them.
Sir, I desire some confidence with you.
Shak.
Confidence game, any swindling operation in
which advantage is taken of the confidence reposed by the victim
in the swindler. -- Confidence man, a
swindler. -- To take into one's confidence,
to admit to a knowledge of one's feelings, purposes, or
affairs.
Syn. -- Trust; assurance; expectation; hope.
I am confident that very much be done.
Boyle.
2. Trustful; without fear or suspicion; frank;
unreserved.
Be confident to speak, Northumberland;
We three are but thyself.
Shak.
3. Having self-reliance; bold; undaunted.
As confident as is the falcon's flight
Against a bird, do I with Mowbray fight.
Shak.
4. Having an excess of assurance; bold to a fault;
dogmatical; impudent; presumptuous.
The fool rageth and is confident.
Prov. xiv. 16.
5. Giving occasion for confidence.
[R.]
The cause was more confident than the event was
prosperious.
Jer. Taylor.
Con"fi*dent, n. See
Confidant.
South. Dryden.
Con`fi*den"tial (?), a. [Cf. F.
confidentiel.] 1. Enjoying, or
treated with, confidence; trusted in; trustworthy; as, a
confidential servant or clerk.
2. Communicated in confidence; secret.
\'bdConfidential messages.\'b8
Burke.
Confidential communication (Law)
See Privileged communication, under
Privileged. -- Confidential creditors,
those whose claims are of such a character that they are
entitled to be paid before other creditors. --
Confidential debts, debts incurred for borrowed
money, and regarded as having a claim to be paid before other
debts.
McElrath.
Con`fi*den"tial*ly (?), adv. In
confidence; in reliance on secrecy.
Con"fi*dent*ly (?), adv. With
confidence; with strong assurance; positively.
Con"fi*dent*ness, n. The quality of
being confident.
Con*fid"er (?), n. One who
confides.
Con*fid"ing, a. That confides; trustful;
unsuspicious. -- Con*fid"ing*ly,
adv. -- Con*fid"ing*ness,
n.
Con*fig"ur*ate (?), v. i. [L.
configuratus, p.p. of configurare to form
or after; con- + figurare to form,
figura form. See Figure.] To take
form or position, as the parts of a complex structure; to agree
with a pattern.
Known by the name of uniformity;
Where pyramids to pyramids relate
And the whole fabric doth configurate.
Jordan.
Con*fig`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
configuratio.] 1. Form, as
depending on the relative disposition of the parts of a thing'
shape; figure.
It is the variety of configurations [of the mouth]
. . . which gives birth and origin to the several vowels.
Harris.
2. (Astrol.) Relative position or aspect
of the planets; the face of the horoscope, according to the
relative positions of the planets at any time.
They [astrologers] undertook . . . to determine the course of
a man's character and life from the configuration of
the stars at the moment of his birth.
Whewell.
Con*fig"ure (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Configured
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Configuring.] [L.
configurare: cf. F. configurer. See
Configurate.] To arrange or dispose in a
certain form, figure, or shape.
Bentley.
Con*fin"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being confined, restricted, or limited.
Not confinable to any limits.
Bp. Hall.
Con*fine" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Confined
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Confining.] [F. confiner to
border upon, LL. confinare to set bounds to;
con- + finis boundary, end. See
Final, Finish.] To restrain within
limits; to restrict; to limit; to bound; to shut up; to inclose;
to keep close.
Now let not nature's hand
Keep the wild flood confined! let order die!
Shak.
He is to confine himself to the compass of numbers
and the slavery of rhyme.
Dryden.
To be confined, to be in childbed.
Syn. -- To bound; limit; restrain; imprison; immure;
inclose; circumscribe; restrict.
Con"fine (?) or (v. i. To have a common boundary; to border; to lie
contiguous; to touch; -- followed by on or
with. [Obs.]
Where your g;oomy bounds
Confine with heaven.
Milton.
Beywixt hezven and earth and skies there stands a place.
Confuining on all three.
Dryden.
Con"fine (?), n. 1.
Common boundary; border; limit; -- used chiefly in the
plural.
Events that came to pass within the confines of
Judea.
Locke.
And now in little space
The confines met of emryrean heaven,
And of this world.
Milton.
On the confines of the city and the Temple.
Macaulay.
2. Apartment; place of restraint; prison.
[Obs.]
Confines, wards, and dungeons.
Shak.
The extravagant and erring spirit hies
To his confine.
Shak.
Con"fine`less (? , a.
Without limitation or end; boundless.
Shak.
Con*fine"ment (?), n. 1.
Restraint within limits; imprisonment; any restraint of
liberty; seclusion.
The mind hates restraint, and is apt to fancy itself under
confinement when the sight is pent up.
Addison.
2. Restraint within doors by sickness, esp. that
caused by childbirth; lying-in.
Con*fin"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, limits or restrains.
Con"fi`ner (? , n. One
who lives on confines, or near the border of a country; a
borderer; a near neighbor. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Happy confiners you of other lands,
That shift your soil, and oft 'scape tyrants' hands.
Daniel.
Con*fin"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
confinit\'82.] Community of limits;
contiguity. [R.]
Bailey.
Con*firm" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Confrmed
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Confirming.] [OE. confermen,
confirmen, OF. confermer, F.
confirmer, fr. L. confirmare;
con- + firmare to make firm, fr.
firmus firm. See Firm.] 1.
To make firm or firmer; to add strength to; to establish;
as, health is confirmed by exercise.
Confirm the crown to me and to mine heirs.
Shak.
Annd confirmed the same unto Jacob for a law.
Ps. cv. 10.
2. To strengthen in judgment or purpose.
Confirmed, then, I resolve
Adam shall share with me in bliss or woe.
Milton.
3. To give new assurance of the truth of; to render
certain; to verify; to corroborate; as, to confirm a
rumor.
Your eyes shall witness and confirm my tale.
Pope.
These likelihoods confirm her flight.
Shak.
4. To render valid by formal assent; to complete by
a necessary sanction; to ratify; as, to confirm the
appoinment of an official; the Senate confirms a
treaty.
That treaty so prejudicial ought to have been remitted rather
than confimed.
Swift.
5. (Eccl.) To administer the rite of
confirmation to. See Confirmation, 3.
Those which are thus confirmed are thereby supposed
to be fit for admission to the sacrament.
Hammond.
Syn. -- To strengthen; corroborate; substantiate; establish;
fix; ratify; settle; verify; assure.
Con*firm"a*ble (?), a. That may
be confirmed.
Con*firm"ance (?), n.
Confirmation. [Obs.]
Con`fir*ma"tion (?), n. [F.
confirmation, L. confirmatio.]
1. The act of confirming or strengthening; the act
of establishing, ratifying, or sanctioning; as, the
confirmation of an appointment.
Their blood is shed
In confirmation of the noblest claim.
Cowper.
2. That which confirms; that which gives new
strength or assurance; as to a statement or belief; additional
evidence; proof; convincing testimony.
Trifles light as air
Are to the jealous confirmations strong
As proofs of holy writ.
Shak.
3. (Eccl.) A rite supplemental to
baptism, by which a person is admitted, through the laying on of
the hands of a bishop, to the full privileges of the church, as
in the Roman Catholic, the Episcopal Church, etc.
This ordinance is called confirmation, because they
who duly receive it are confirmed or strengthened for the
fulfillment of their Christian duties, by the grace therein
bestowed upon them.
Hook.
4. (Law) A conveyance by which a
voidable estate is made sure and not voliable, or by which a
particular estate is increased; a contract, express or implied,
by which a person makes that firm and binding which was before
voidable.
Con*firm"a*tive (?), a. [L.
confirmativus: cf. F. confirmatif.]
Tending confirm or establish.
Sherwood.
-- Con*firm"a*tive*ly,
adv.
Con"fir*ma`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who, or that which, confirms; a
confirmer.
Sir T. Browne.
Con*firm"a*to*ry (?), a. .
Serving to confirm; corroborative.
A fact confirmatory of the conclusion.
I. Taylor.
2. Pertaining to the rite of confirmation.
Compton.
Con*firm"ed*ly (?), adv. With
confirmation.
Con*firm"ed*ness, n. A fixed
state.
Con`fir*mee" (?), n. [F.
confirm, p.p. of confirmer.]
(Law) One to whom anuthing is confirmed.
Con*firm"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, confirms, establishes, or ratifies; one who
corroborates.
Shak.
Con*firm"ing*ly, adv. In a confirming
manner.
Con*fis"ca*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
confiscable.] Capable of being confiscated;
liable to forfeiture.
Con"fis*cate (? , a.
[L. confiscatus, p.p. of confiscare to
confiscate, prop., to lay up in a chest; con- +
fiscus basket, purse, treasury. See
Fiscal.] Seized and appropriated by the
government to the public use; forfeited.
Lest that your goods too soon be confiscate.
Shak.
Con"fis*cate (? , v. t.
[imp & p. p. Confiscated;
p.pr & vb. n.
Confiscating.] To seize as forfeited to
the public treasury; to appropriate to the public use.
It was judged that he should be banished and his whole estate
confiscated and seized.
Bacon.
Con`fis*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
confiscatio.] The act or process of taking
property or condemning it to be taken, as forfeited to the public
use.
The confiscations following a subdued
rebellion.
Hallam.
Con"fis*ca`tor (?), n. [L., a
treasurer.] One who confiscates.
Burke.
Con*fis"ca*to*ry (?), a.
Effecting confiscation; characterized by
confiscations. \'bdConfiscatory and
exterminatory periods.\'b8
Burke.
Con"fit (?), n. Same as
Comfit. [Obs.]
Con"fi*tent (?), n. [L.
confitens, p.pr.] One who confesses his
sins and faults. [Obs.]
\'d8Con*fit"e*or (?), n. [L., I
confess. See Confess.] (R.C.Ch.) A
form of prayer in which public confession of sins is made.
Con"fi*ture (? , n.
The state or quality of being congenial; natural affinity;
adaptation; suitableness.
Sir J. Reynolds.
If congeniality of tastes could have made a
marriage happy, that union should have been thrice blessed.
Motley.
Con*gen"ial*ize (?), v. t. To
make congenial. [R.]
Con*gen"ial*ly, adv. In a congenial
manner; as, congenially married or
employed.
Con*gen"ial*ness, n. Congeniality.
Con*gen"ious (?), a.
Congeneric. [Obs.]
Con*gen"i*tal (?), a. [From
Congenite.] Existing at, or dating from,
birth; pertaining to one from birth; born with one; connate;
constitutinal; natural; as, a congenital
deformity. See Connate.
Con*gen"i*tal*ly, dv. In a congenital
manner.
Con*gen"ite (?), a. [L.
congenitus; con- + genitus, p.p.
of gignere to beget. See Generate.]
Congenital; connate; inborn. See Congenital.
[Obs.]
Many conclusions, of moral and intellectual truths, seem . . .
to be congenite with us.
Sir M. Hale.
Con"ger (?), n. [L.
conger, congrus, akin to Gr. congre.] (Zo\'94l.) The conger
eel; -- called also congeree.
Conger sea (Zo\'94l.), the sea eel;
a large species of eel (Conger vulgaris), which
sometimes grows to the length of ten feet.
Con*ge"ri*es (?), n. sing & pl.
[L., fr. congerere. See Congest.]
A collection of particles or bodies into one mass; a heap;
an aggregation.
Con*gest" (#), v. t. [L.
congestus, p. p. of congere to bring
together; con- + gerere. See
Gerund.]
1. To collect or gather into a mass or aggregate;
to bring together; to accumulate.
To what will thy congested guilt amount?
Blackmore.
2. (Med.) To cause an overfullness of
the blood vessels (esp. the capillaries) of an organ or
part.
Con*gest"ed (?), a. 1.
(Bot.) Crowded together.
Gray.
2. (Med.) Containing an unnatural
accumulation of blood; hyper\'91mic; -- said of any part of the
body.
Con*ges"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
congestio: cf. F. congestion.] 1.
The act of gathering into a heap or mass;
accumulation. [Obs.]
The congestion of dead bodies one upon another.
Evelyn.
2. (Med.) Overfullness of the capillary
and other blood vessels, etc., in any locality or organ (often
producing other morbid symptoms); local hyperas, arterial congestion; venous
congestion; congestion of the lungs.
Con*gest"ive (?), a.
(Med.) Pertaining to, indicating, or attended
with, congestion in some part of the body; as, a
congestive fever.
Con"gi*a*ry (?), n.; pl.
Congiaries (#). [L.
congiarium, fr. congius a liquid
measure.] A present, as of corn, wine, or oil, made by
a Roman emperor to the soldiers or the people; -- so called
because measured to each in a congius.
Addison.
congius was retained.
\'d8Con"gi*us (?), n.
[L.] 1. (Roman Antiq.) A
liquid measure containing about three quarts.
2. (Med.) A gallon, or four
quarts. [Often abbreviated to
cong.]
Con*gla"ci*ate (?; 221), v. t. & i.
[L. conglaciatus, p.p. of conglaciare.
See Glaciate.] To turn to ice; to
freeze. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Con*gla`ci*a"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. conglaciation.] The act or process of
changing into ice, or the state of being converted to ice; a
freezing; congelation; also, a frost.
Bacon.
Con*glo"bate (?; 277), a. [L.
conglobatus, p.p. of conglobare to
conglobate. See Globate.] Collected into, or
forming, a rounded mass or ball; as, the conglobate
[lymphatic] glands; conglobate flowers.
Con*glo"bate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Conglobated;
p.pr. & vb.n. Conglobating.]
[Cf. Conglore.] To collect or form into
a ball or rounded mass; to gather or mass together.
Conglobated bubbles undissolved.
Wordsworth.
Con`glo*ba"tion (?), n. [L.
conglobatio: cf. F. conglobation.]
1. The act or process of forming into a ball.
Sir T. Browne.
2. A round body.
Con*globe" (#), v. t.
[imp & p. p. Conglobed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Conglobing.] [L. conglobare:
cf. F. conglober. Cf. Conglobate.]
To gather into a ball; to collect into a round mass.
Then founded, then conglobed
Like things to like.
Milton.
Con*globe", v. i. To collect, unite, or
coalesce in a round mass.
Milton.
Con*glob"u*late (?), v. i.
[Pref. con- + globule.] To
gather into a small round mass.
Con*glom"er*ate (?), a. [L.
conglomeratus, p.p. of conglomerare to roll
together; con- + glomerare to wind into a
ball. See Glomerate.] 1. Gathered
into a ball or a mass; collected together; concentrated; as,
conglomerate rays of light.
Beams of light when they are multiplied and
conglomerate.
Bacon.
Fluids are separated in the liver and the other conglobate and
conglomerate glands.
Cheyne.
2. (Bot.) Closely crowded together;
densly clustered; as, conglomerate
flowers.
Gray.
3. (Geol.) Composed of stones, pebbles,
or fragments of rocks, cemented together.
Con*glom"er*ate (?), n. 1.
That which is heaped together in a mass or conpacted from
various sources; a mass formed of fragments; collection;
accumulation.
A conglomerate of marvelous anecdotes, marvelously
heaped together.
Trench.
2. (Geol.) A rock, composed or rounded
fragments of stone cemented together by another mineral
substance, either calcareous, siliceous, or argillaceous; pudding
stone; -- opposed to agglomerate. See
Breccia.
A conglomerate, therefore, is simply gravel bound
together by a cement.
Lyell.
Con*glom"er*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Conglomerated;
p.pr. & vb.n. Conglomerating.]
To gather into a ball or round body; to collect into a
mass.
Con*glom`er*a"tion (?), n. [L.
conglomeratio: cf. F.
conglomeration.] The act or process of
gathering into a mass; the state of being thus collected;
collection; accumulation; that which is conglomerated; a mixed
mass.
Bacon.
Con*glu"tin (?), n. [From
Conglutinate.] (Chem.) A variety
of vegetable casein, resembling legumin, and found in almonds,
rye, wheat, etc.
Con*glu"ti*nant (?), a. [L.,
conglutinans, p.pr.] Cementing together;
uniting closely; causing to adhere; promoting healing, as of a
wound or a broken bone, by adhesion of the parts.
Con*glu"ti*nate (?), a. [L.
conglutinatus, p.p. of conglutinare to
glue; con- + glutinare to glue,
gluten glue.] Glued together; united, as by
some adhesive substance.
Con*glu"ti*nate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Conglutinated;
p.pr. & vb.n. Conglutinating.] To
glue together; to unite by some glutinous or tenacious substance;
to cause to adhere or to grow together.
Bones . . . have had their broken parts
conglutinated within three or four days.
Boyle.
Con*glu"ti*nate, v. i. To unite by the
intervention of some glutinous substance; to coalesce.
<-- p. 303 -->
Con*glu`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L.
conglutinatio: cf. F.
conglutination.] A gluing together; a
joining by means of some tenacious substance; junction;
union.
Conglutination of parts separated by a wound.
Arbuthnot.
Con*glu"ti*na"tive (?), a. [Cf.
F. conglutinatif.] Conglutinant.
{ Con"gou (?), Con"go
(?) }, n. [Chin.
kung-foo labor.] Black tea, of higher grade
(finer leaf and less dusty) than the present bohea. See
Tea.
Of black teas, the great mass is called Congou, or
the \'bdwell worked\'b8, a name which took the place of the
Bohea of 150 years ago, and is now itself giving way
to the term \'bdEnglish breakfast tea.\'b8
S. W. Williams.
Con"go snake" (?). (Zo\'94l.)
An amphibian (Amphiuma means) of the order
Urodela, found in the southern United States. See
Amphiuma.
Con*grat"u*lant (?), a. [L.
congratulans, p. pr.] Rejoicing together;
congratulatory.
With like joy
Congratulant approached him.
Milton.
Con*grat"u*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Congratulated;
p.pr. & vb.n. Congratulating.]
[L. congratulatus, p.p. of
congratulari to wish joy abundantly; con- +
gratulari to wish joy, from gratus
pleasing. See Grateful.] To address with
expressions of sympathetic pleasure on account of some happy
event affecting the person addressed; to wish joy to.
It is the king's most sweet pleasure and affection to
congratulate the princess at her pavilion.
Shak.
To congratulate one's self, to rejoice; to
feel satisfaction; to consider one's self happy or
fortunate.
Syn. -- To Congratulate, Felicitate.
To felicitate is simply to wish a person joy.
To congratulate has the additional signification of
uniting in the joy of him whom we congratulate. Hence they are
by no means synonymous. One who has lost the object of his
affections by her marriage to a rival, might perhaps
felicitate that rival on his success, but could never
be expected to congratulate him on such an
event.
Felicitations are little better than compliments;
congratulations are the expression of a genuine
sympathy and joy.
Trench.
Con*grat"u*late, v. i. To express of
feel sympathetic joy; as, to congratulate with one's
country. [R.]
Swift.
The subjects of England may congratulate to
themselves.
Dryden.
Con*grat`u*la"tion (?), n. [L.
congratulatio: cf. F.
congratulation.] The act of congratulating;
an expression of sympathetic pleasure.
With infinite congratulations for our safe
arrival.
Dr. J. Scott.
Con*grat"u*la`tor (?), n. One
who offers congratulation.
Milton.
Con*grat"u*la*to*ry (?), a.
Expressive of sympathetic joy; as, a
congratulatory letter.
Con*gree" (?), v. i.
[Pref.on-+ L. gratus pleasing. Cf.
Agree.] To agree. [bs.]
Shak.
Con*greet" (?), v. t. To salute
mutually. [Obs.]
Con"gre*gate (?), a. [L.
congregatus, p.p. of congregare to
congregate; on- + gregare to collect into a
flock, fr. grex flock, herd. See
Gregarious.] Collected; compact; close.
[R.]
Bacon.
Con"gre*gate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Congregated;
p.pr. & vb.n. Congregating]
To collect into an assembly or assemblage; to assemble; to
bring into one place, or into a united body; to gather together;
to mass; to compact.
Any multitude of Christian men congregated may be
termed by the name of a church.
Hooker.
Cold congregates all bodies.
Coleridge.
The great receptacle
Of congregated waters he called Seas.
Milton.
Con"gre*gate, v. i. To come together; to
assemble; to meet.
Even there where merchants most do congregate.
Shak.
Con`gre*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
congregatio: cf. F.
congr\'82gation.] 1. The act of
congregating, or bringing together, or of collecting into one
aggregate or mass.
The means of reduction in the fire is but by the
congregation of homogeneal parts.
Bacon.
2. A collection or mass of separate things.
A foul and pestilent congregation of vapors.
Shak.
3. An assembly of persons; a gathering; esp. an
assembly of persons met for the worship of God, and for religious
instruction; a body of people who habitually so meet.
He [Bunyan] rode every year to London, and preached there to
large and attentive congregations.
Macaulay.
4. (Anc. Jewish Hist.) The whole body of
the Jewish people; -- called also Congregation of the
Lord.
It is a sin offering for the congregation.
Lev. iv. 21.
5. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A body of
cardinals or other ecclesiastics to whom as intrusted some
departament of the church business; as, the Congregation
of the Propaganda, which has charge of the missions of the
Roman Catholic Church. (b) A company of
religious persons forming a subdivision of a monastic
order.
6. The assemblage of Masters and Doctors at Oxford
or Cambrige University, mainly for the granting of degrees.
[Eng.]
7. (Scotch Church Hist.) the name
assumed by the Protestant party under John Knox. The leaders
called themselves (1557) Lords of the
Congregation.
Con`gre*ga"tion*al (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to a congregation; conducted,
or participated in, by a congregation; as,
congregational singing.
2. Belonging to the system of Congregationalism, or
to Congregationalist; holding to the faith and polity of
Congregationalism; as, a Congregational
church.
Con`gre*ga"tion*al*ism (?), n.
1. That system of church organization which vests
all ecclesiastical power in the assembled brotherhood of each
local church.
2. The faith and polity of the Congregational
churches, taken collectively.
Congregationalism is the system of faith and practice
common to a large body of evangelical Trinitarian churches, which
recognize the local brotherhood of each church as independent of
all dictation in ecclesiastical matters, but are united in
fellowship and joint action, as in councils for mutual advice,
and in consociations, conferences, missionary organizations,
etc., and to whose membership the designation
\'bdCongregationalists\'b8 is generally restricted; but Unitarian
and other churches are Congregational in their polity.
Con`gre*ga"tion*al*ist, n. One who
belongs to a Congregational church or society; one who holds to
Congregationalism.
Con"gress (?), n.; pl.
Congresses (#). [L.
congressus, fr. congredi, p.p.
-gressus, to go or come together; con- +
grati to go or step, gradus step: cf. F.
congr. See Grade.] 1.
A meeting of individuals, whether friendly or hostile; an
encounter. [Obs.]
Here Pallas urges on, and Lausus there;<
heir congress in the field great Jove withstands.
Dryden.
2. A sudden encounter; a collision; a shock; --
said of things. [Obs.]
From these laws may be deduced the rules of the
congresses and reflections of two bodies.
Cheyne.
3. The coming together of a male and female in
sexual commerce; the act of coition.
Pennant.
4. A gathering or assembly; a conference.
5. A formal assembly, as of princes, deputies,
representatives, envoys, or commissioners; esp., a meeting of the
representatives of several governments or societies to consider
and determine matters of common interest.
The European powers strove to . . . accommodate their
differences at the congress of Vienna.
Alison.
6. The collective body of senators and
representatives of the people of a nation, esp. of a republic,
constituting the chief legislative body of the nation.
one
Congress. Thus the session which began in December, 1887,
was the first (or long) session, and that which began in
December, 1888, was the second (or short) session, of the
Fiftieth Congress. When an extra session is had before
the date of the first regular meeting of a Congress, that is
called the first session, and the following regular session is
called the second session.
7. The lower house of the Spanish Cortes, the
members of which are elected for three years.
The Continental Congress, an assembly of
deputies from the thirteen British colonies in America, appointed
to deliberate in respect to their common interests. They first
met in 1774, and from time thereafter until near the close of the
Revolution. -- The Federal Congress, the
assembly of representatives of the original States of the
American Union, who met under the Articles of Confederation from
1781 till 1789. -- Congress boot gaiter, a high shoe or half-boot, coming
above the ankle, and having the sides made in part of some
elastic material which stretches to allow the boot to be drawn on
and off. [U.S.] -- Congress water,
a saline mineral water from the Congress spring at Saratoga,
in the State of New York.
Syn. -- Assembly; meeting; convention; convocation; council;
diet; conclave; parliament; legislature.
Con*gres"sion (? , n.
[L. congressio.] A coming or bringing
together, as in a public meeting, in a dispute, in the act of
comparing, or in sexual intercourse. [R.]
Jer. Taylor.
Con*gres"sion*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a congress, especially, to the Congress of the
United States; as, congressional debates.
Congressional and official labor.
E. Everett.
Congressional District, one of the divisions
into which a State is periodically divided (according to
population), each of which is entitled to elect a Representative
to the Congress of the United States.
Con*gres"sive (?), a.
Encountering, or coming together.
Sir T. Browne.
Con"gress*man (?), n.; pl.
Congressmen (. A member of
the Congress of the United States, esp. of the House of
Representatives.
Con"greve rock"et (?). See under
Rocket.
Con"grue" (?), v. i. [L.
congruere. See Congruous.] To
agree; to be suitable. [Obs.]
Shak.
Con"gru*ence (?), n. [L.
congruentia: cf. OF. cornguence.]
Suitableness of one thing to another; agreement;
consistency.
Holland.
Con"gru*en*cy (? , n.
Congruence.
Congruency of lines. (Geom.) See
Complex of lines, under Complex,
n.
Con"gru*ent (?), a. [L.
congruens, p.pr. of congruere: cf. F.
congruent.] Possessing congruity; suitable;
agreeing; corresponding.
The congruent and harmonious fitting of parts in a
sentence.
B. Jonson.
Congruent figures (Geom.),
concurring figures.
Con"gru*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
congruisme.] (Scholastic Theol.)
See Congruity.
Con*gru"i*ty (? , n.;
pl. Congruities (#). [Cf. F.
congruit.] 1. The state or
quality of being congruous; the relation or agreement between
things; fitness; harmony; correspondence; consistency.
With what congruity doth the church of Rome deny
that her enemies do at all appertain to the church of Christ?
Hooker.
A whole sentence may fail of its congruity by
wanting one particle.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. (Geom.) Coincidence, as that of lines
or figures laid over one another.
3. (Scholastic Theol.) That, in an
imperfectly good persons, which renders it suitable for God to
bestow on him gifts of grace.
Con"gru*ous (?), a. [L.
congruus, fr. congruere to come together,
to coincide, to agree. Of uncertain origin.] Suitable
or concordant; accordant; fit; harmonious; correspondent;
consistent.
Not congruous to the nature of epic poetry.
Blair.
It is no ways congruous that God should be always
frightening men into an acknowledgment of the truth.
Atterbury.
Con"gru*ous*ly, adv. In a congruous
manner.
Con*hy"drine (? , n.
[Conium + hydrate.]
(Chem.) A vegetable alkaloid found with conine in
the poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). It is a white
crystalline substance, C8H17NO, easily
convertible into conine.
\'d8Co*ni"a (? , n.
[NL. See Conium.] (Chem.)
Same as Conine.
{ Con"ic (?), Con"ic*al
(?) }, a. [Gr. conique. See Cone.] 1.
Having the form of, or resembling, a geometrical cone; round
and tapering to a point, or gradually lessening in circumference;
as, a conic or conical figure; a
conical vessel.
2. Of or pertaining to a cone; as,
conic sections.
Conic section (Geom.), a curved
line formed by the intersection of the surface of a right cone
and a plane. The conic sections are the parabola, ellipse, and
hyperbola. The right lines and the circle which result from
certain positions of the plane are sometimes, though not
generally included. -- Conic sections, that
branch of geometry which treats of the parabola, ellipse, and
hyperbola. -- Conical pendulum. See
Pendulum. -- Conical projection, a
method of delineating the surface of a sphere upon a plane
surface as if projected upon the surface of a cone; -- much used
by makers of maps in Europe. -- Conical surface
(Geom.), a surface described by a right line
moving along any curve and always passing through a fixed point
that is not in the plane of that curve.
Con"ic, n. (Math.) A conic
section.
Con`i*cal"i*ty (?), n.
Conicalness.
Con"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In the
form of a cone.
Con"ic*al*ness, n. State or quality of
being conical.
Con"i*co- (, a. [See
Conic.] A combining form, meaning
somewhat resembling a cone; as,
conico-cylindrical, resembling a cone and a cylinder;
conico-hemispherical;
conico-subulate.
Con"i*coid (?), a.
[Conic + -oid.]
(Math.) Same as Conoidal.
Con"ics (?), n. 1.
That branch of geometry which treats of the cone and the
curves which arise from its sections.
2. Conic sections.
\'d8Co*nid"i*um (?), n.; pl.
Conida (#). [NL.]
(Bot.) A peculiar kind of reproductive cell found
in certain fungi, and often containing zo\'94spores.
Co"ni*fer (?), n. [L.
conifer; conus cone + ferre to
bear: cf. F. conif\'8are.] (Bot.)
A tree or shrub bearing cones; one of the order
Coniferae, which includes the pine, cypress, and
(according to some) the yew.
Co*nif"er*in (?), n.
(Chem.) A glucoside extracted from the cambium
layer of coniferous trees as a white crystalline substance.
Co*nif"er*ous (?), a. (a)
Bearing cones, as the pine and cypress. (b)
Pertaining to the order Coniferae, of which the
pine tree is the type.
Co"ni*form (?), a.
[Cone + -form: cf. F.
coniforme.] Cone-shaped; conical.
Co*ni"ine (? , n. See
Conine.
Co"ni*mene (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Chem.) Same as
Olibene.
Co"nine (? , n. [From
Conium.] (Chem.) A powerful and
very poisonous vegetable alkaloid found in the hemlock
(Conium maculatum) and extracted as a colorless oil,
C8H17N, of strong repulsive odor and acrid
taste. It is regarded as a derivative of piperidine and likewise
of one of the collidines. It occasions a gradual paralysis of the
motor nerves. Called also coniine,
coneine, conia, etc. See
Conium, 2.
\'d8Co`ni*ros"ter (?), n.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Conirostres.
Co`ni*ros"tral (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Conirostres.
\'d8Co`ni*ros"tres (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. conus cone + rostrum
beak: cf. F. conirostre.] (Zo\'94l.)
A tribe of perching birds, including those which have a
strong conical bill, as the finches.
Con`i*sor" (?), n.
[Obs.] See Cognizor.
\'d8Co*nis"tra (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Greek Antiq.)
Originally, a part of the palestra, or gymnasium among the
Greeks; either the place where sand was stored for use in
sprinkling the wrestlers, or the wrestling ground itself. Hence,
a part of the orchestra of the Greek theater.
Co"nite (?), n. [Gr. conite. So called on account of its gray
color.] (Min.) A magnesian variety of
dolomite.
\'d8Co*ni"um (? , n.
[NL., fr. Gr. 1.
(Bot.) A genus of biennial, poisonous,
white-flowered, umbelliferous plants, bearing ribbed fruit
(\'bdseeds\'b8) and decompound leaves.
<-- p. 304 -->
2. (Med.) The common hemlock
(Conium maculatum, poison hemlock, spotted hemlock,
poison parsley), a roadside weed of Europe, Asia, and America,
cultivated in the United States for medicinal purpose. It is an
active poison. The leaves and fruit are used in medicine.
Con*ject" (?), v. t. [L.
conjectus, p.p. of conjicere. See
Conjecture, n.] To throw together,
or to throw. [Obs.]
Bp. Montagu.
Con*ject", v. t. To conjecture; also, to
plan. [Obs.]
Con*ject"or (?), n. [L.]
One who guesses or conjectures. [Obs.]
A great conjector at other men by their
writings.
Milton.
Con*jec"tur*a*ble (?; 135), a.
Capable of being conjectured or guessed.
Con*jec"tur*al (?), a. [L.
conjecturalis: cf. F. conjectural.]
Dependent on conjecture; fancied; imagined; guessed at;
undetermined; doubtful.
And mak'st conjectural fears to come into me.
Shak.
A slight expense of conjectural analogy.
Hugh Miller.
Who or what such editor may be, must remain
conjectural.
Carlyle.
Con*jec"tur*al*ist, n. A
conjecturer. [R.]
Month. rev.
Con*jec`tur*al"ly (?), n. That
which depends upon guess; guesswork. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Con*jec`tur*al*ly, adv. In a conjectural
manner; by way of conjecture.
Boyle.
Con*jec"ture (; 135?), n. [L.
conjectura, fr. conjicere,
conjectum, to throw together, infer, conjecture;
con- + jacere to throw: cf. F.
conjecturer. See Jet a shooting forth.]
An opinion, or judgment, formed on defective or presumptive
evidence; probable inference; surmise; guess; suspicion.
He [Herodotus] would thus have corrected his first loose
conjecture by a real study of nature.
Whewell.
Conjectures, fancies, built on nothing firm.
Milton.
Con*jec"ture, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Conjectured (?); p.pr. &
vb.n. Conjecturing.] [Cf. F.
conjecturer. Cf. Conject.] To
arrive at by conjecture; to infer on slight evidence; to surmise;
to guess; to form, at random, opinions concerning.
Human reason can then, at the best, but conjecture
what will be.
South.
Con*jec"ture, v. i. To make conjectures;
to surmise; to guess; to infer; to form an opinion; to
imagine.
Con*jec"tur*er (?), n. One who
conjectures.
Hobbes.
Con*join (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Conjoined
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Conjoining.] [F. conjoindre,
fr. L. conjungere, -junctum;
con- + jungere to join. See Join,
and cf. Conjugate, Conjunction.] To
join together; to unite.
The English army, that divided was
Into two parties, is now conjoined in one.
Shak.
If either of you know any inward impediment why you should not
be conjoined.
Shak.
Let that which he learns next be nearly conjoined
with what he knows already.
Locke.
Con*join", v. i. To unite; to join; to
league.
Shak.
Con*joined" (?), a.
(Her.) Joined together or touching.
Con*joint" (?), a. [F.
conjoint, p.p. of conjoindre. See
Conjoin, and cf. Conjunct.] United;
connected; associated. \'bdInfluence
conjoint.\'b8
Glover.
Conjoint degrees (Mus.), two notes
which follow each other immediately in the order of the scale, as
ut and re.
Johnson.
Conjoint tetrachords (Mus.), two
tetrachords or fourths, where the same note is the highest of one
and the lowest of the other; -- also written conjunct.
Con*joint"ly, adv. In a conjoint manner;
untitedly; jointly; together.
Sir T. Browne.
Con*joint"ness, n. The qquality of being
conjoint.
Con*ju"bi*lant (?), a. Shouting
together for joy; rejoicing together. [R.]
Neale.
Con"ju*gal (?), a. [L.
conjugalis, fr. conjux husband, wife,
consort, fr. conjungere to unite, join in marriage.
See Conjoin.] Belonging to marriage; suitable
or appropriate to the marriage state or to married persons;
matrimonial; connubial. \'bdConjugal
affection.\'b8
Milton.
Con`ju*gal"i*ty (?), n. The
conjugal state; sexual intercourse. [R.]
Milton.
Con"ju*gal*ly (?), adv. In a
conjugal manner; matrimonially; connubially.
Con"ju*gate (?), a. [L.
conjugatus, p.p. or conjugare to unite;
con- + jugare to join, yoke, marry, jugum
yoke; akin to jungere to join. See
Join.] 1. United in pairs; yoked
together; coupled.
2. (Bot.) In single pairs;
coupled.
3. (Chem.) Containing two or more
radicals supposed to act the part of a single one.
[R.]
4. (Gram.) Agreeing in derivation and
radical signification; -- said of words.
5. (Math.) Presenting themselves
simultaneously and having reciprocal properties; -- frequently
used in pure and applied mathematics with reference to two
quantities, points, lines, axes, curves, etc.
Conjugate axis of a hyperbola (Math.),
the line through the center of the curve, perpendicular to
the line through the two foci. -- Conjugate
diameters (Conic Sections), two diameters of
an ellipse or hyperbola such that each bisects all chords drawn
parallel to the other. -- Conjugate focus
(Opt.) See under Focus. --
Conjugate mirrors (Optics), two mirrors
so placed that rays from the focus of one are received at the
focus of the other, especially two concave mirrors so placed that
rays proceeding from the principal focus of one and reflected in
a parallel beam are received upon the other and brought to the
principal focus. -- Conjugate point
(Geom.), an acnode. See Acnode, and
Double point. -- Self-conjugate triangle
(Conic Sections), a triangle each of whose
vertices is the pole of the opposite side with reference to a
conic.
Con`ju*gate (?), n. [L.
conjugatum a combining, etymological
relationship.] 1. A word agreeing in
derivation with another word, and therefore generally resembling
it in signification.
We have learned, in logic, that conjugates are
sometimes in name only, and not in deed.
Abp. Bramhall.
2. (Chem.) A complex radical supposed to
act the part of a single radical. [R.]
Con"ju*gate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Conjugated;
p.pr. & vb.n. Conjugating.]
1. To unite in marriage; to join.
[Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
2. (Gram.) To inflect (a verb), or give
in order the forms which it assumed in its several voices, moods,
tenses, numbers, and persons.
Con"ju*gate, v. i. (Biol.) To
unite in a kind of sexual union, as two or more cells or
individuals among the more simple plants and animals.
Con`ju*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
conjugatio conjugation (in senses 1 & 3).]
1. the act of uniting or combining; union;
assemblage. [Obs.]
Mixtures and conjugations of atoms.
Bentley.
2. Two things conjoined; a pair; a couple.
[Obs.]
The sixth conjugations or pair of nerves.
Sir T. Browne.
3. (Gram.) (a) The act of
conjugating a verb or giving in order its various parts and
inflections. (b) A scheme in which are
arranged all the parts of a verb. (c) A class
of verbs conjugated in the same manner.
4. (Biol.) A kind of sexual union; --
applied to a blending of the contents of two or more cells or
individuals in some plants and lower animals, by which new spores
or germs are developed.
Con`ju*ga"tion*al (?), a.
relating to conjugation.
Ellis.
Con*ju"gi*al (?), a. [L.
conjugialis, fr. conjugium. Cf.
Conjugal.] Conjugal. [R.]
Swedenborg.
\'d8Con*ju"gi*um (?), n.
[L.] (Rom. Law) The marriage
tie.
Con*junct" (?), a. [L.
conjunctus, p.p. See Conjoin.]
1. United; conjoined; concurrent.
[Archaic]
2. (Her.) Same as
Conjoined.
Con*junc"tion (?), n. [L.
conjunctio: cf. F. conjunction. See
Conjoin.] 1. The act of conjoining,
or the state of being conjoined, united, or associated; union;
association; league.
He will unite the white rose and the red:
Smille heaven upon his fair conjunction.
Shak.
Man can effect no great matter by his personal strength but as
he acts in society and conjunction with others.
South.
2. (Astron.) The meeting of two or more
stars or planets in the same degree of the zodiac; as, the
conjunction of the moon with the sun, or of Jupiter and
Saturn. See the Note under Aspect, n.,
6.
conjunction when they are seen in the same part of the
heavens, or have the same longitude or right ascension. The
inferior conjunction of an inferior planet is its
position when in conjunction on the same side of the sun with the
earth; the superior conjunction of a planet is its
position when on the side of the sun most distant from the
earth.
3. (Gram.) A connective or connecting
word; an indeclinable word which serves to join together
sentences, clauses of a sentence, or words; as, and,
but, if.
Though all conjunctions conjoin sentences, yet,
with respect to the sense, some are conjunctive and some
disjunctive.
Harris.
Con*junc"tion*al (?), a.
Relating to a conjunction.
\'d8Con`junc*ti"va (?), n.
[NL., from L. conjunctivus connective.]
(Anat.) The mucous membrane which covers the
external surface of the ball of the eye and the inner surface of
the lids; the conjunctival membrance.
Con`junc*ti"val (?), a. 1.
Joining; connecting.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
conjunctiva.
Con*junc"tive (?), a. [L.
conjunctivus.] 1. Serving to
unite; connecting together.
2. Closely united. [Obs.]
Shak.
Conjunctive mood (Gram.), the mood
which follows a conjunction or expresses contingency; the
subjunctive mood. -- Conjunctive tissue
(Anat.), the tissue found in nearly all parts of
most animals. It yields gelatin on boiling, and consists of
vriously arranged fibers which are imbedded protoplasmic cells,
or corpuscles; -- called also cellular tissue
and connective tissue. Adipose or fatty tissue
is one of its many forms, and cartilage and bone are sometimes
included by the phrase.
Con*junc"tive*ly, adv. In conjunction or
union; together.
Sir T. Browne.
Con*junc"tive*ness, n. The state or
quality of being conjunctive.
Johnson.
Con*junc`ti*vi"tis (? , n.
(Med.) Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Con*junct"ly (?), adv. In
union; conjointly; unitedly; together.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Con*junc"ture (?; 135), n. [Cf.
F. conjoncture, LL. conjunctura.]
1. The act of joining, or state of being joined;
union; connection; combination.
The conjuncture of philosophy and divinity.
Hobbes.
A fit conjuncture or circumstances.
Addison.
2. A crisis produced by a combination of
circumstances; complication or combination of events or
circumstances; plight resulting from various conditions.
He [Chesterfield] had recently governed Ireland, at a
momentous conjuncture, with eminent firmness, wisdom,
and humanity.
Macaulay.
Con`ju*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
conjuratio, cf. F. conjuration.]
1. The act of calling or summoning by a sacred
name, or in solemn manner; the act of binding by an oath; an
earnest entreaty; adjuration.
We charge you, in the name of God, take heed; . . .
Under this conjuration speak, my lord.
Shak.
2. The act or process of invoking supernatural aid
by the use of a magical form of words; the practice of magic
arts; incantation; enchantment.
Pretended conjurations and prophecies of that
event.
Hallam.
3. A league for a criminal purpose;
conspiracy. [Obs.] \'bdThe
conjuration of Catiline.\'b8
Sir T. Elyot.
Con"ju*ra`tor (?), n.
[LL.] (O. Eng. Law) One who swears or
is sworn with others; one bound by oath with others; a
compurgator.
Burrill.
Con*jure" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Conjured
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Conjuring.] [F. conjurer,
fr. L. conjurare to swear together, to conspire;
con- + jurare to swear. See
Jury.] To call on or summon by a sacred name
or in solemn manner; to implore earnestly; to adjure.
I conjure you, let him know,
Whate'er was done against him, Cato did it.
Addison.
Con*jure", v. i. To combine together by
an eath; to conspire; to confederate. [A
Latinism]
Drew after him the third part of Heaven's sons
Conjured against the Highest.
Milton.
Con"jure (?), v. t. To affect
or effect by conjuration; to call forth or send away by magic
arts; to excite or alter, as if by magic or by the aid of
supernatural powers.
The habitation which your prophet . . . conjured
the devil into.
Shak.
To conjure up, or make visible, as a spirit,
by magic arts; hence, to invent; as, to conjure up a
story; to conjure up alarms.
Con"jure (?), v. i. To practice
magical arts; to use the tricks of a conjurer; to juggle; to
charm.
She conjures; away with her.
Shak.
Con*jure"ment (?), n. Serious
injunction; solemn demand or entreaty. [Obs.]
Milton.
Con*jur"er (?), n. One who
conjures; one who calls, entreats, or charges in a solemn
manner.
Con"jur*er (?), n. 1.
One who practices magic arts; one who pretends to act by the
aid super natural power; also, one who performs feats of
legerdemain or sleight of hand.
Dealing with witches and with conjurers.
Shak.
From the account the loser brings,
The conjurer knows who stole the things.
Prior.
2. One who conjectures shrewdly or judges wisely; a
man of sagacity. [Obs.]
Addison.
Con*ju"ror (?), n. (Law)
One bound by a common cath with others.
[Obs.]
Con"ju*ry (?), n. The practice
of magic; enchantment.
Motley.
Conn (?), v. t. See
Con, to direct a ship.
{ Con*nas"cence (?),
Con*nas"cen*cy (?) }, n.
[L. con- + nascentia birth, fr.
nascens, p.pr. of nasci to be born.]
1. The common birth of two or more at the same
tome; production of two or more together.
Johnson.
2. That which is born or produced with
another.
3. The act of growing together.
[Obs.]
Wiseman.
Con*nas"cent (?), a. Born
together; produced at the same time.
Craig.
Con"nate (?; 277), a. [L.
connatus; con- + natus born,
p.p. of nasci. See Cognate.]
1. Born with another; being of the same
birth.
2. Congenital; existing from birth.
\'bdConnate notions.\'b8
South.
A difference has been made by some; those diseases or
conditions which are dependent on original conformation being
called congenital; while the diseases of affections
that may have supervened during gestation or delivery are called
connate.
Dunglison.
3. (Bot.) Congenitally united; growing
from one base, or united at their bases; united into one body;
as, connate leaves or athers. See
Illust. of Connate-perfoliate.
Con"nate-per*fo"li*ate (?), a.
(Bot.) Connate or coalescent at the base so as to
produce a broad foliaceous body through the center of which the
stem passes; -- applied to leaves, as the leaves of the
boneset.
Con*na"tion (?), n. Connection
by birth; natural union. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Con*nat"u*ral (?; 135), a.
[Pref. con- + natural.]
1. Connected by nature; united in nature; inborn;
inherent; natural.
These affections are connatural to us.
L'Estrange.
2. Partaking of the same nature.
And mix with our connatural dust.
Milton.
Con*nat`u*ral"i*ty (?), n.
Participation of the same nature; natural union or
connection. [R.]
A congruity and connaturality between them.
Sir M. Hale.
Con*nat"u*ral*ize (?; 135), v. t.
To bring to the same nature as something else; to
adapt. [Obs.]
Dr. J. Scott.
Con*nat"u*ral*ly, adv. By the act of
nature; originally; from birth.
Sir M. Hale.
Con*nat"u*ral*ness, n. Participation of
the same nature; natural union.
I. Walton.
Con*na"ture (?; 135), n.
Participation in a common nature or character.
[R.]
Connature was defined as likeness in kind between
either two changes in consciousness, or two states of
consciousness.
H. Spencer.
Con*nect" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Connected; p.pr.
& vb.n. Connecting>.] [L.
connectere, -nexum; con- +
nectere to bind. See Annex.]
1. To join, or fasten together, as by something
intervening; to associate; to combine; to unite or link together;
to establish a bond or relation between.
He fills, he bounds, connect and equals all.
Pope.
A man must the connection of each intermediate idea with those
that it connects before he can use it in a
syllogism.
Locke.
2. To associate (a person or thing, or one's self)
with another person, thing, business, or affair.
Connecting rod (Mach.), a rod or
bar joined to, and connecting, two or more moving parts; esp. a
rod connecting a crank wrist with a beam, crosshead, piston rod,
or piston, as in a steam engine.
Con*nect" (?), v. i. To join,
unite, or cohere; to have a close relation; as, one line of
railroad connects with another; one argument
connect with another.
Con*nect"ed*ly, adv. In a connected
manner.
Con*nec"tion (?), n. [Cf.
Connexion.] 1. The act of
connecting, or the state of being connected; junction; union;
alliance; relationship.
He [Algazel] denied the possibility of a known
connection between cause and effect.
Whewell.
The eternal and inserable connection between virtue
and hapiness.
Atterbury.
2. That which connects or joins together; bond;
tie.
Any sort of connection which is perceived or
imagined between two or more things.
I. Taylor.
3. A relation; esp. a person connected with another
by marriage rather than by blood; -- used in a loose and
indefinite, and sometimes a comprehensive, sense.
4. The persons or things that are connected;
as, a business connection; the Methodist
connection.
Men elevated by powerful connection.
Motley.
At the head of a strong parliamentary
connection.
Macaulay.
Whose names, forces, connections, and characters
were perfectly known to him.
Macaulay.
In this connection, in connection with this
subject. [A phrase objected to by some
writers.]
x instead of t in the termination,
connexion, and the same thing is true of the kindred
words inflexion, reflexion, and the like.
But the general usage at present is to spell them
connection, inflection,
reflection, etc.
Syn. -- Union; coherence; continuity; junction; association;
dependence; intercourse; commerce; communication; affinity;
relationship.
Con*nect"ive (?), a.
Connecting, or adapted to connect; involving
connection.
Connection tissue (Anat.) See
Conjunctive tissue, under
Conjunctive.
Con*nect"ive, n. That which
connects. Specifically: (a) (Gram.)
A word that connect words or sentences; a conjunction or
preposition. (b) (Bot.) That part
of an anther which connects its thec\'91, lobes, or cells.
Con*nect"ive*ly, adv. In connjunction;
jointly.
Con*nect"or (?), n. One who, or
that which, connects; as: (a) A flexible tube
for connecting the ends of glass tubes in pneumatic
experiments. (b) A device for holding two
parts of an electrical conductor in contact.
Con"ner (?), n. [Cf.
Cunner.] (Zo\'94l.) A marine European
fish (Crenilabrus melops); also, the related American
cunner. See Cunner.
Con*nex" (?), v. t. [L.
connexus, p.p. See Connect.] To
connect.
Sir M. Hale.
Con*nex"ion (?), n. [L.
connexio: cf. F. connexion.]
Connection. See Connection.
Con*nex"ive (?), a. See
Connective.
Con"ning tow"er (?), n. The
shotproof pilot house of a war vessel.
Con*niv"ance (?), n. [Cf. F.
connivence, L. conniventia.]
1. Intentional failure or forbearance to discover a
fault or wrongdoing; voluntary oversight; passive consent or
co
2. (Law) Corrupt or guilty assent to
wrongdoing, not involving actual participation in, but knowledge
of, and failure to prevent or oppose it.
Syn. -- See Collusion.
Con*nive" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Connived
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Conniving.] [L. connivere to
shut the eues, connive, fr. con- + (perh.) a word akin
to nicere to beckon, nictare to
wink.] 1. To open and close the eyes rapidly;
to wink. [Obs.]
The artist is to teach them how to nod judiciously, and to
connive with either eye.
Spectator.
2. To close the eyes upon a fault; to wink (at); to
fail or forbear by intention to discover an act; to permit a
proceeding, as if not aware of it; -- usually followed by
at.
To connive at what it does not approve.
Jer. Taylor.
In many of these, the directors were heartily concurring; in
most of them, they were encouraging, and sometimes commanding; in
all they were conniving.
Burke.
The government thought it expedient, occasionally, to
connive at the violation of this rule.
Macaulay.
Con*nive", v. t. To shut the eyes to; to
overlook; to pretend not to see. [R. & Obs.]
\'bdDivorces were not connived only, but with eye open
allowed.\'b8
Milton.
Con*niv"en*cy (?), n.
Connivance. [Obs.]
Con*niv"ent (#), a. [L.
connivens, p. pr.] 1. Forbearing
to see; designedly inattentive; as, connivent
justice. [R.]
Milton.
2. (Biol.) Brought close together;
arched inward so that the points meet; converging; in close
contact; as, the connivent petals of a flower, wings
of an insect, or folds of membrane in the human system,
etc.
Con*niv"er (?), n. One who
connives.
Con`nois*seur" (?; 277), n. [F.
connaisseur, formerly connoisseur, fr.
conna\'8ctre to know, fr. L. cognoscere to
become acquainted with; co- + noscere,
gnoscere, to learn to know. See Know, amd
cf. Cognizor.] One well versed in any
subject; a skillful or knowing person; a critical judge of any
art, particulary of one of the fine arts.
The connoisseur is \'bdone who knows,\'b8 as
opposed to the dilettant, who only \'bdthinks he knows.\'b8
Fairholt.
Con`nois*seur"ship (?; 277), n.
State of being a connoisseur.
Con"no*tate (?), v. t. [L.
con- + notatus, p.p.of notare to
mark. Cf. Connote.] To connote; to suggest or
designate (something) as additional; to include; to imply.
Hammond.
Con`no*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
connotation.] The act of connoting; a
making known or designating something additional; implication of
something more than is asserted.
Con*no"ta*tive (? , a.
1. Implying something additional; illative.
2. (Log.) Implying an attribute. See
Connote.
Connotative term, one which denotes a subject
and implies an attribute.
J. S. Mill.
Con*no"ta*tive*ly, adv. In a connotative
manner; expressing connotation.
Con*note" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Connoted; p.pr.
& vb.n. Connoting.] [See
Connotate, and Note.] 1. To
mark along with; to suggest or indicate as additional; to
designate by implication; to include in the meaning; to
imply.
Good, in the general notion of it, connotes also a
certain suitableness of it to some other thing.
South.
2. (Logic) To imply as an
attribute.
The word \'bdwhite\'b8 denotes all white things, as snow,
paper, the foam of the sea, etc., and ipmlies, or as it was
termed by the schoolmen, connotes, the attribute
\'bdwhiteness.\'b8
J. S. Mill.
Con*nu"bi*al (#), a. [L.
connubialis, fr. connubium marriage;
con- + nubere to veil, to marry. See
Nupital.] Of or pertaining to marriage, or
the marriage state; conjugal; nuptial.
Nor Eve the rites
Mysterious of connubial love refused.
Milton.
Kind, connubial tenderness.
Goldsmith.
Con*nu`bi*al"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being connubial; something characteristics of the
conjugal state; an expression of connubial tenderness.
Some connubialities which had begun to pass between
Mr. and Mrs. B.
Dickens.
Con*nu`mer*a"tion (?), n. [LL.
connumeratio, fr. L. connumerare,
-numeratum, to number with.] A reckoning
together. [R.]
Porson.
Con"nu*sance (?), n.
(Law) See Cognizance.
[Obs.]
Con"nu*sant (#), a. (Law)
See Cognizant. [Obs.]
Con`nu*sor" (#), n. (Law)
See Cognizor. [Obs.]
Con`nu*tri"tious (#), a.
Nutritious by force of habit; -- said of certain kinds of
food. [Obs.]
Crabb.
Con"ny (?), a. [Canny, Gunning.] Brave; fine;
canny. [Prov. Eng.]
Grose.
Co"no*dont (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
peculiar toothlike fossil of many forms, found especially in
carboniferous rocks. Such fossils are supposed by some to be the
teeth of marsipobranch fishes, but they are probably the jaws of
annelids.
Co"noid (?), n. [Gr. cono\'8bde.] 1. Anything that has
a form resembling that of a cone.
2. (Geom.) (a) A solid formed
by the revolution of a conic section about its axis; as, a
parabolic conoid, elliptic conoid, etc.; -- more
commonly called paraboloid,
ellipsoid, etc. (b) A
surface which may be generated by a straight line moving in such
a manner as always to meet a given straight line and a given
curve, and continue parallel to a given plane.
Math. Dict.
Co"noid, Resembling a cone; conoidal.
Co*noid"al (#), a. [Cf. F.
cono\'8bdal.] Nearly, but not exactly,
conical.
Lindley.
{ Co*noid"ic (?), Co*noid"ic*al
(?) }, a. Pertaining to a conoid;
having the form of a conoid.
Co*nom`i*nee" (?), n. One
nominated in conjunction with another; a joint nominee.
Kirby.
Con*quad"rate (?), v. t. [L.
conquadratus, p.p. of conquadrare.]
To bring into a square. [R.]
Ash.
Con*quas"sate (?), v. t. [L.
conquassatus, p.p. of conquassare.]
To shake; to agitate. [Obs.]
Harvey.
-- Con`quas*sa"tion (#),
n. [Obs.]
Con"quer (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Conquered
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Conquering.] [OF. conquerre,
F. conqu\'82rir, fr. L. conquirere,
-quisitum, to seek or search for, to bring together,
LL., to conquer; con- + quaerere to seek.
See Quest.] 1. To gain or acquire by
force; to take possession of by violent means; to gain dominion
over; to subdue by physical means; to reduce; to overcome by
force of arms; to cause to yield; to vanquish. \'bdIf thou
conquer Rome.\'b8
Shak.
If we be conquer'd, let men conquer
us.
Shak.
We conquered France, but felt our captive's
charms.
Pope.
2. To subdue or overcome by mental or moral power;
to surmount; as, to conquer difficulties, temptatin,
etc.
By winning words to conquer hearts,
And make persuasion do the work of fear.
Milton.
3. To gain or obtain, overcoming obstacles in the
way; to win; as, to conquer freedom; to
conquer a peace.
Syn. -- To subdue; vanquish; overcome; overpower; overthrow;
defeat; rout; discomfit; subjugate; reduce; humble; crush;
surmount; subject; master. -- To Conquer,
Vanquish, Subdue, Subjugate,
Overcome. These words agree in the general idea
expressed by overcome, -- that of bringing under one's
power by the exertion of force. Conquer is wider and
more general than vanquish, denoting usually a
succession of conflicts. Vanquish is more individual,
and refers usually to a single conflict. Thus, Alexander
conquered Asia in a succession of battles, and
vanquished Darius in one decisive engagement.
Subdue implies a more gradual and continual pressure,
but a surer and more final subjection. We speak of a nation as
subdued when its spirit is at last broken, so that no
further resistance is offered. Subjugate is to bring
completely under the yoke of bondage. The ancient Gauls were
never finally subdued by the Romans until they were
completely subjugated. These words, when used
figuratively, have correspondent meanings. We conquer
our prejudices or aversions by a succesion of conflicts; but we
sometimes vanquish our reluctance to duty by one
decided effort: we endeavor to subdue our evil
propensities by watchful and persevering exertions.
Subjugate is more commonly taken in its primary
meaning, and when used figuratively has generally a bad sense;
as, his reason was completely subjugated to the sway
of his passions.
Con"quer (?), v. i. To gain the
victory; to overcome; to prevail.
He went forth conquering and to
conquer.
Rev. vi. 2.
The champions resolved to conquer or to die.
Waller.
Con*quer*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being conquered or subdued.
South.
-- Con"quer*a*ble*ness,
n.
Con"quer*ess, n. A woman who
conquers.
Fairfax.
Con"quer*or (?), n. [OF.
conquereor, fr. conquerre,] One
who conquers.
The Conqueror (Eng. Hist.). William
the Norman (1027-1067) who invaded England, defeated Harold in
the battle of Hastings, and was crowned king, in 1066.
Con"quest (?), n. [OF.
conquest, conqueste, F.
conqu\'88te, LL. conquistum,
conquista, prop. p.p. from L. conquirere.
See Conquer.] 1. The act or process
of conquering, or acquiring by force; the act of overcoming or
subduing opposition by force, whether physical or moral;
subjection; subjugation; victory.
In joys of conquest he resigns his breath.
Addison.
Three years sufficed for the conquest of the
country.
Prescott.
2. That which is conquered; possession gained by
force, physical or moral.
Wherefore rejoice? What conquest brings he
home?
Shak.
3. (Feudal Law) The acquiring of
property by other means than by inheritance; acquisition.
Blackstone.
4. The act of gaining or regaining by successful
strugle; as, the conquest of liberty or
peace.
The Conquest (Eng. Hist.), the
subjugation of England by William of Normandy in
1066.
Syn. -- Victory; triumph; mastery; reduction; subjugation;
subjection.
Con`san*guin"e*al (?), a. Of
the same blood; related by birth.
Sir T. Browne.
Con*san"guined (?), a. Of kin
blood; related. [R.]
Johnson.
Con`san*guin"e*ous (?), a. [L.
conguineus; con- + sanguis
blood: cf. F. consanguin. See
Sanquine.] Of the same blood; related by
birth; descended from the same parent or ancestor.
Shak.
Con`san*guin"i*ty (?), n. [L.
consanguinitas: cf. F.
consanguintit.] The relation of person
by blood, is distinction from affinity or relation by
marriage; blood relationship; as, lineal
consanguinity; collateral
consanguinity.
Invoking aid by the ties of consanguinity.
Prescott.
Con*sar`ci*na"tion (?), n. [L.
consarcinare, -natum, to patch
together.] A patching together; patchwork.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Con"science (?), n. [F.
conscience, fr. L. conscientia, fr.
consciens, p.pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious;
con- + scire to know. See
Science.] 1. Knowledge of one's own
thoughts or actions; consciousness. [Obs.]
The sweetest cordial we receive, at last,
Is conscience of our virtuous actions past.
Denham.
2. The faculty, power, or inward principle which
decides as to the character of one's own actions, purposes, and
affections, warning against and condemning that which is wrong,
and approving and prompting to that which is right; the moral
faculty passing judgment on one's self; the moral sense.
My conscience hath a thousand several tongues,
And every tongue brings in a several tale,
And every tale condemns me for a villain.
Shak.
As science means knowledge,
conscience etymologically means
self-knowledge . . . But the English word implies a
moral standard of action in the mind as well as a consciousness
of our own actions. . . . Conscience is the reason,
employed about questions of right and wrong, and accompanied with
the sentiments of approbation and condemnation.
Whewell.
3. The estimate or determination of conscience;
conviction or right or duty.
Conscience supposes the existence of some such
[i.e., moral] faculty, and properly signifies our
consciousness of having acted agreeably or contrary to its
directions.
Adam Smith.
4. Tenderness of feeling; pity.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Conscience clause, a clause in a general law
exempting persons whose religious scruples forbid compliance
therewith, -- as from taking judicial oaths, rendering military
service, etc. -- Conscience money, stolen or
wrongfully acquired money that is voluntarily restored to the
rightful possessor. Such money paid into the United States
treasury by unknown debtors is called the Conscience
fund. -- Court of Conscience, a court
established for the recovery of small debts, in London and other
trading cities and districts. [Eng.]
Blackstone. -- In conscience, In
all conscience, in deference or obedience to
conscience or reason; in reason; reasonably. \'bdThis is
enough in conscience.\'b8 Howell. \'bdHalf a
dozen fools are, in all conscience, as many as you
should require.\'b8 Swift. -- To make
conscience of, To make a matter of
conscience, to act according to the dictates of
conscience concerning (any matter), or to scruple to act contrary
to its dictates.
Con"scienced (?), a. Having a
conscience. [R.]
\'bdSoft-conscienced men.\'b8 Shak.
Con"science*less, a. Without conscience;
indifferent to conscience; unscrupulous.
Conscienceless and wicked patrons.
Hookre.
Con"scient (?), a. [L.
consciens, -entis, p.pr.]
Conscious. [R.]
Bacon.
Con`sci*en"tious (?), a. [Cf.
F. consciencieux, LL.
conscientiosus.] 1. Influenced by
conscience; governed by a strict regard to the dictates of
conscience, or by the known or supposed rules of right and wrong;
-- said of a person.
The advice of wise and conscientious men.
Prescott.
<-- p. 306 -->
2. Characterized by a regard to conscience;
conformed to the dictates of conscience; -- said of
actions.
A holy and conscientious course.
Abp. Tillotson.
Syn. -- Scrupulous; exact; faithful; just; upright.
Con`sci*en"tious*ly (?), adv.
In a conscientious manner; as a matter of conscience; hence;
faithfully; accurately; completely.
Con`sci*en"tious*ness, n. The quality of
being conscientious; a scrupulous regard to the dictates of
conscience.
Con"scion*a*ble (?), a.
[Irregularly formed fr. conscience.]
Governed by, or according to, conscience; reasonable;
just.
Let my debtors have conscionable satisfaction.
Sir H. Wotton.
Con"scion*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being conscionable; reasonableness.
Johnson.
Con"scion*a*bly, adv. Reasonably;
justly.
Con"scious (?), a. [L.
conscius; con- + scire to know.
See Conscience.] 1. Possessing the
faculty of knowing one's own thoughts or mental operations.
Some are thinking or conscious beings, or have a
power of thought.
I. Watts.
2. Possessing knowledge, whether by internal,
conscious experience or by external observation; cognizant;
aware; sensible.
Her conscious heart imputed suspicion where none
could have been felt.
Hawthorne.
The man who breathes most healthilly is least
conscious of his own breathing.
De Quincey.
3. Made the object of consciousness; known to one's
self; as, conscious guilt.
With conscious terrors vex me round.
Milton.
Syn. -- Aware; apprised; sensible; felt; known.
Con"scious*ly, adv. In a conscious
manner; with knowledge of one's own mental operations or
actions.
Con"scious*ness (?), n. 1.
The state of being conscious; knowledge of one's own
existence, condition, sensations, mental operations, acts,
etc.
Consciousness is thus, on the one hand, the
recognition by the mind or \'bdego\'b8 of its acts and
affections; -- in other words, the self-affirmation that certain
modifications are known by me, and that these modifications are
mine.
Sir W. Hamilton.
2. Immediate knowledge or perception of the
presence of any object, state, or sensation. See the Note under
Attention.
Annihilate the consciousness of the object, you
annihilate the consciousness of the operation.
Sir W. Hamilton.
And, when the steam
Which overflowed the soul had passed away,
A consciousness remained that it had left.
. . . images and precious thoughts
That shall not die, and can not be destroyed.
Wordsworth.
The consciousness of wrong brought with it the
consciousness of weakness.
Froude.
3. Feeling, persuasion, or expectation; esp.,
inward sense of guilt or innocence. [R.]
An honest mind is not in the power of a dishonest: to break
its peace there must be some guilt or
consciousness.
Pope.
Con*scribe" (?), v. t. [L.
conscribere. See Conscript.] To
enroll; to enlist. [Obs.]
E. Hall.
Con"script (?), a. [L.
conscriptus, p.p. of conscribere to write
together, to enroll; con- + scribere to
write. See Scribe.] Enrolled; written;
registered.
Conscript fathers (Rom. Antiq.),
the senators of ancient Rome. When certain new senators were
first enrolled with the \'bdfathers\'b8 the body was called
Patres et Conscripti; afterward all were called
Patres conscripti.
Con"script, n. One taken by lot, or
compulsorily enrolled, to serve as a soldier or sailor.
Con*script" (?), v. t. To
enroll, by compulsion, for military service.
Con*scrip"tion (?), n. [L.
conscriptio: cf. F. conscription.]
1. An enrolling or registering.
The conscription of men of war.
Bp. Burnet.
2. A compulsory enrollment of men for military or
naval service; a draft.
Con*scrip"tion (?), a.
Belonging to, or of the nature of, a conspiration.
Con"se*crate (?), a. [L.
consceratus, p.p. of conscerare to
conscerate; con- + sacrare to consecrate,
sacer sacred. See Sacred.]
Consecrated; devoted; dedicated; sacred.
They were assembled in that consecrate place.
Bacon.
Con"se*crate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Consecrated;
p.pr. & vb.n. Consecrating.]
1. To make, or declare to be, sacred; to
appropriate to sacred uses; to set apart, dedicate, or devote, to
the service or worship of God; as, to consecrate a
church; to give (one's self) unreservedly, as to the service of
God.
One day in the week is . . . consecrated to a holy
rest.
Sharp.
2. To set apart to a sacred office; as, to
consecrate a bishop.
Thou shalt consecrate Aaron and his sons.
Ex. xxix. 9.
3. To canonize; to exalt to the rank of a saint; to
enroll among the gods, as a Roman emperor.
4. To render venerable or revered; to hallow; to
dignify; as, rules or principles consecrated by
time.
Burke.
Syn. -- See Addict.
Con"se*cra`ter (?), n.
Consecrator.
Con`se*cra"tion (?), n. [L.
consecratio: cf. F. cons\'82cration.]
The act or ceremony of consecrating; the state of being
consecrated; dedication.
Until the days of your consecration be at an
end.
Lev. viii. 33.
Consecration makes not a place sacred, but only
solemny declares it so.
South.
Con"se*cra`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who consecrates; one who performs the
rites by which a person or thing is devoted or dedicated to
sacred purposes. [Written also
consecrater.]
Con"se*cra*to*ry (? , a.
Of or pertaining to the act of consecration;
dedicatory.
The consecratory prayer.
Bp. Burnet.
Con`sec*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L.
consectaneus.] Following as a matter of
course.
Blount.
Con"sec*ta*ry (?), a. [L.
consectarius, fr. consectari to follow
after eagerly; con- + sectari to follow
eagerly, fr. sequi to follow.] Following by
consequence; consequent; deducible. [R.]
\'bdConsectary impieties.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Con"sec*ta*ry, n. That which follows by
consequence or is logically deducible; deduction from premises;
corollary. [R.]
Milton.
Con"se*cute (?), v. t. To
follow closely; to endeavor to overtake; to pursue.
[Obs.]
Bp. Burnet.
Con`se*cu"tion (?), n. [L.
consecutio. See Consequent.]
1. A following, or sequel; actual or logical
dependence.
Sir M. Hale.
2. A succession or series of any kind.
[Obs.]
Sir I. Newton.
Month of consecution (Astron.), a
month as reckoned from one conjunction of the moon with the sun
to another.
Con*sec"u*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
cons\'82cutif. See Consequent.]
1. Following in a train; suceeding one another in a
regular order; successive; uninterrupted in course or succession;
with no interval or break; as, fifty consecutive
years.
2. Following as a consequence or result; actually
or logically dependent; consequential; succeeding.
The actions of a man consecutive to volition.
Locke.
3. (Mus.) Having similarity of sequence;
-- said of certain parallel progressions of two parts in a piece
of harmony; as, consecutive fifths, or
consecutive octaves, which are forbidden.
Consecutive chords (Mus.), chords
of the same kind suceeding one another without
interruption.
Con*sec"u*tive*ly, adv. In a consecutive
manner; by way of sequence; successively.
Con*sec"u*tive*ness, n. The state or
quality of being consecutive.
Con*sen"sion (?), n. [L.
consensio.] Agreement; accord.
Bentley.
Con*sen"su*al (?), a. [See
Consent, v. i., and cf.
Sensual.] 1. (Law)
Existing, or made, by the mutual consent of two or more
parties.
2. (Physiol.) Excited or caused by
sensation, sympathy, or reflex action, and not by conscious
volition; as, consensual motions.
Consensual contract (Law), a
contract formed merely by consent, as a marriage
contract.
Con*sen"sus (?), n. [L. See
Consent.] Agreement; accord; consent.
That traditional consensus of society which we call
public opinion.
Tylor.
Con*sent" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Consented; p.pr.
& vb.n Consenting.] [F.
consentir, fr. L. consentire,
-sensum, to feel together, agree; con- +
sentire to feel. See Sense.] 1. To
agree in opinion or sentiment; to be of the same mind; to accord;
to concur.
And Saul was consenting unto his death.
Acts. viii. 1.
Flourishing many years before Wyclif, and much
consenting with him in jugdment.
Fuller.
2. To indicate or express a willingness; to yield
to guidance, persuasion, or necessity; to give assent or
approval; to comply.
My poverty, but not my will, consents.
Shak.
And whispering \'bdI will ne'er consent,\'b8 --
consented.
Byron.
Syn. -- To accede; yield; assent; comply; agree; allow;
concede; permit; admit; concur; acquiesce.
Con*sent", v. t. To grant; to allow; to
assent to; to admit. [Obs.]
Interpreters . . . will not consent it to be a true
story.
Milton.
Con*sent", n. [Cf. OF.
consent.] 1. Agreement in opinion
or sentiment; the being of one mind; accord.
All with one consent began to make exuse.
Luke xiv. 18.
They feil together all, as by consent.
Shak.
2. Correspondence in parts, qualities, or
operations; agreement; harmony; coherence.
The melodious consent of the birds.
Holland.
Such is the world's great harmony that springs
From union, order, full consent of things.
Pope.
3. Voluntary accordance with, or concurrence in,
what is done or proposed by another; acquiescence; compliance;
approval; permission.
Thou wert possessed of David's throne
By free consent of all.
Milton.
4. (Law) Capable, deliberate, and
voluntary assent or agreement to, or concurrence in, some act or
purpose, implying physical and mental power and free
action.
5. (Physiol.) Sympathy. See
Sympathy, 4.
Syn. -- Assent; acquiescence; concurrence; agreement;
approval; permission. See Assent.
Age of consent (Law), an age, fixed
by statute and varying in different jurisdictions, at which one
is competent to give consent. Sexual intercourse with a female
child under the age of consent is punishable as rape.
Con*sen`ta*ne"i*ty (?), n.
Mutual agreement. [R.]
Con`sen*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L.
consentaneus.] Consistent; agreeable;
suitable; accordant to; harmonious; concurrent.
A good law and consentaneous to reason.
Howell.
-- Con`sen*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv. --
Con`sen*ta"ne*ous*ness, n.
Con*sent"ant (?), a. [F., p.
pr. of consentir.] Consenting.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Con*sent"er (?), a. One who
consents.
Con*sen"tient (?), a. [L.
consentients, p. pr. See Consent.]
Agreeing in mind; accordant.
The consentient judgment of the church.
Bp. Pearson.
Con*sent"ing*ly (?), adv. With
consent; in a compliant manner.
Jer. Taylor.
Con"se*quence (?), n. [L.,
consequentia: cf. F. cons\'82quence. See
Consequent.] 1. That which follows
something on which it depends; that which is produced by a cause;
a result.
Shun to taste,
And shun the bitter consequence.
Milton.
2. (Logic) A proposition collected from
the agreement of other previous propositions; any conclusion
which results from reason or argument; inference.
3. Chain of causes and effects; consecution.
Such fatal consequence unites us three.
Milton.
Link follows link by necessary consequence.
Coleridge.
4. Importance with respect to what comes after;
power to influence or produce an effect; value; moment; rank;
distinction.
It is a matter of small consequence.
Shak.
A sense of your own worth and consequence.
Cowper.
In consequence, hence; for this cause. --
In consequence of, by reason of; as the effect
of.
Syn. -- Effect; result; end. See Effect.
Con"se*quen`cing (?), n.
Drawing inference. [R.]
Milton.
Con"se*quent (?), a. [L.
consequens, -entis, p. pr. of
consequi to follow; con- + sequi to
follow: cf. F.
cons\'82quent. See Second, and cf.
Consecution.] 1. Following as a
result, inference, or natural effect.
The right was consequent to, and built on, an act
perfectly personal.
Locke.
2. (Logic) Following by necessary
inference or rational deduction; as, a proposition
consequent to other propositions.
Consequent points, Consequent
poles (Magnetism), a number of poles
distributed under certain conditions, along the axis of a
magnetized steel bar, which regularly has but the two poles at
the extremities.
Con"se*quent, n. 1. That which
follows, or results from, a cause; a result or natural
effect.
They were ill-governed, which is always a
consequent of ill payment.
Sir J. Davies.
2. (Logic) That which follows from
propositions by rational deduction; that which is deduced from
reasoning or argumentation; a conclusion, or inference.
3. (Math.) The second term of a ratio,
as the term b in the ratio a:b, the
first a, being the antecedent.
Con`se*quen"tial (?), a. 1.
Following as a consequence, result, or logical inference;
consequenment.
All that is revealed in Scripture has a
consequential necessity of being believed . . .
because it is of divine authority.
Locke.
These kind of arguments . . . are highly
consequential and concludent to my purpose.
Sir M. Hale.
2. Assuming or exhibiting an air of consequence;
pretending to importance; pompous; self-important; as, a
consequential man. See Consequence,
n., 4.
His stately and consequential pace.
Sir W. Scott.
Consequential damage (Law) (a)
Damage so remote as not to be actionable (b)
Damage which although remote is actionable. (c)
Actionable damage, but not following as an immediate result
of an act.
Con`se*quen"tial*ly, adv. 1.
With just deduction of consequence; with right connection of
ideas; logically.
The faculty of writing consequentially.
Addison.
2. By remote consequence; not immediately;
eventually; as, to do a thing
consequentially.
South.
3. In a regular series; in the order of cause and
effect; with logical concatenation; consecutively;
continuously.
4. With assumed importance; pompously.
Con`se*quen"tial*ness, n. The quality of
being consequential.
Con"se*quent*ly (?), adv. By
consequence; by natural or logical sequence or connection.
Syn. -- See Accordingly.
Con*ser"tion (?), n. [L.
consertio, fr. conserere,
-sertum to connect; con- +
serere to join.] Junction; adaptation
[R.]
Consertion of design, how exquisite.
Young.
Con*serv"a*ble (?), a. [L.
conservabilitis.] Capable of being
preserved from decay or injury.
Con*serv"an*cy (?), n.
Conservation, as from injury, defilement, or irregular
use.
[An act was] passed in 1866, for vesting in the Conservators
of the River Thames the conservancy of the Thames and
Isis.
Mozley & W.
Con*serv"ant (?), a. [L.
conservans, p.pr.] Having the power or
quality of conservation.
Con`ser*va"tion (?), n. [L.
conservatio: cf. F. conservation.]
The act of preserving, guarding, or protecting; the keeping
(of a thing) in a safe or entire state; preservation.
A step necessary for the conservation of
Protestantism.
Hallam.
A state without the means of some change is without the means
of its conservation.
Burke.
Conservation of areas (Astron.),
the principle that the radius vector drawn from a planet to
the sun sweeps over equal areas in equal times. --
Conservation of energy, Conservation
of force (Mech.), the principle that
the total energy of any material system is a quantity which can
neither be increased nor diminished by any action between the
parts of the system, though it may be transformed into any of the
forms of which energy is susceptible.
Clerk Maxwell.
Con`ser*va"tion*al (?), a.
Tending to conserve; preservative.
Con*serv"a*tism (?), n. [For
conservatism.] The disposition and tendency
to preserve what is established; opposition to change; the habit
of mind; or conduct, of a conservative.
Con*serv"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
conservatif.] 1. Having power to
preserve in a safe of entire state, or from loss, waste, or
injury; preservative.
<-- p. 307 -->
2. Tending or disposed to maintain existing
institutions; opposed to change or innovation.
3. Of or pertaining to a political party which
favors the conservation of existing institutions and forms of
government as the Conservative party in england; --
contradistinguished from Liberal and
Radical.
We have always been conscientuously attached to what is called
the Tory, and which might with more propierty be called the
Conservative, party.
Quart. Rev. (1830).
Conservative system (Mech.), a
material sustem of such a nature that after the system has
undergone any series of changes, and been brought back in any
manner to its original state, the whole work done by external
agents on the system is equal to the whole work done by the
system overcoming external forces.
Clerk Maxwell.
Con*serv"a*tive (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, preserves from ruin, injury,
innovation, or radical change; a preserver; a conserver.
The Holy Spirit is the great conservative of the
new life.
Jer. Taylor.
2. One who desires to maintain existing
institutions and customs; also, one who holds moderate opinions
in politics; -- opposed to revolutionary or
radical.
3. (Eng. Hist.) A member of the
Conservative party.
Con*serv"a*tive*ness, a. The quality of
being conservative.
\'d8Con`ser"va*toire` (?), n.
[F.] A public place of instruction in any special
branch, esp. music and the arts. [See Conservatory,
3].
Con"ser*va`tor (?; 277), n.
[L.: cf. F. conservateur.] 1.
One who preserves from injury or violation; a protector; a
preserver.
The great Creator and Conservator of the world.
Derham.
2. (Law) (a) An officer who has
charge of preserving the public peace, as a justice or
sheriff. (b) One who has an official charge
of preserving the rights and privileges of a city, corporation,
community, or estate.
The lords of the secret council were likewise made
conservators of the peace of the two kingdoms.
Clarendon.
The conservator of the estate of an idiot.
Bouvier.
Conservators of the River Thames, a board of
comissioners instituted by Parliament to have the conservancy of
the Thames.
Con*serv"a*to*ry (?), a. [Cf.
F. conservatoire, LL.
conservatorius.] Having the quality of
preserving from loss, decay, or injury.
Con*serv"a*to*ry, n. [Cf. F.
conservatoire, LL. conservatorium.]
1. That which preserves from injury.
[Obs.] \'bdA conservatory of life.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
2. A place for preserving anything from loss,
decay, waste, or injury; particulary, a greenhouse for preserving
exotic or tender plants.
3. A public place of instruction, designed to
preserve and perfect the knowledge of some branch of science or
art, esp. music.
Con`ser*va"trix (?), n.
[L.] A woman who preserves from loss, injury,
etc.
Con*serve" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Conserved
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Conserving.] [F. conserver,
L. conservare; con- + servare to
keep, guard. See Serve.] 1. To keep
in a safe or sound state; to save; to preserve; to protect.
The amity which . . . they meant to conserve and
maintain with the emperor.
Strype.
2. To prepare with sugar, etc., for the purpose of
preservation, as fruits, etc.; to make a conserve of.
Con"serve (?), n. [F.
conserve, fr. conserver.] 1.
Anything which is conserved; especially, a sweetmeat
prepared with sugar; a confection.
I shall . . . study broths, plasters, and
conserves, till from a fine lady I become a notable
woman.
Tatler.
2. (Med.) A medicinal confection made of
freshly gathered vegetable substances mixed with finely powdered
refined sugar. See Confection.
3. A conservatory. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Con*serv"er (?), n. One who
conserves.
Con*sid"er (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Considered
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Considering.] [F.
consid\'82rer, L. considerare,
-sideratum, to consider, view attentively, prob. fr.
con- + sidus, sideris, star,
constellation; orig., therefore, to look at the stars. See
Sidereal, and cf. Desire.] 1.
To fix the mind on, with a view to a careful examination; to
thank on with care; to ponder; to study; to meditate on.
I will consider thy testimonies.
Ps. cxix. 95.
Thenceforth to speculations high or deep
I turned my thoughts, and with capacious mind
Considered all things visible.
Milton.
2. To look at attentively; to observe; to
examine.
She considereth a field, and buyeth it.
Prov. xxxi. 16.
3. To have regard to; to take into view or account;
to pay due attention to; to respect.
Consider, sir, the chance of war: the day
Was yours by accident.
Shak.
England could grow into a posture of being more united at
home, and more considered abroad.
Sir W. Temple.
4. To estamate; to think; to regard; to view.
Considered as plays, his works are absurd.
Macaulay.
consider is often
blended with an idea of the result of considering; as,
\'bdBlessed is he that considereth the
poor.\'b8 Ps. xli. 1. ; i.e.,
considers with sympathy and pity. \'bdWhich [services]
if I have not enough considered.\'b8 Shak. ;
i.e., requited as the sufficient considering
of them would suggest. \'bdConsider him liberally.\'b8
J. Hooker.
Syn. -- To ponder; weigh; revolve; study; reflect or
meditate on; contemplate; examine. See Ponder.
Con*sid"er, v. i. 1. To think
seriously; to make examination; to reflect; to deliberate.
We will consider of your suit.
Shak.
'T were to consider too curiously, to
consider so.
Shak.
She wished she had taken a moment to consider,
before rushing down stairs.
W. Black
2. To hesitate. [Poetic & R.]
Dryden.
Con*sid"er*a*ble (?), a. [Cf.
F. consid\'82rable.] 1. Worthy of
consideration, borne in mind, or attended to.
It is considerable, that some urns have had
inscriptions on them expressing that the lamps were burning.
Bp. Wilkins.
Eternity is infinitely the most considerable
duration.
Tillotson.
2. Of some distinction; noteworthy; influential;
respectable; -- said of persons.
You are, indeed, a very considerable man.
Junius.
3. Of importance or value.
In painting, not every action, nor every person, is
considerable enough to enter into the cloth.
Dryden.
A considerable sum of money.
Prescott.
Con*sid"er*a*ble*ness, n. Worthiness of
consideration; dignity; value; size; amount.
Con*sid"er*a*bly, adv. In a manner or to
a degree not trifling or unimportant; greatly; much.
The breeds . . . differ considerably from each
other.
Darwin.
Con*sid"er*ance (?), n. [L.
considerantia.] Act of considering;
consideration. [Obs.]
Shak.
Con*sid"er*ate (?), a. [L.
consideratus, p.p.] 1. Given to
consideration or to sober reflection; regardful of consequences
or circumstances; circumspect; careful; esp. careful of the
rights, claims, and feelings of other.
Of dauntless courage and considerate pride.
Milton.
considerate, and careful of his
people.
Dryden.
The wisest and most considerate men in the
world.
Sharp.
2. Having respect to; regardful.
[R.]
They may be . . . more considerate of praise.
Dr. H. More.
Syn. -- Thoughtful; reflective; careful; discreet; prudent;
deliberate; serious. See Thoughtful.
-- Con*sid"er*ate*ly, adv. --
Con*sid"er*ate*ness, n.
Con*sid`er*a"tion (?), n. [L.
consideratio: cf. F.
consid.] 1. The act or
process of considering; continuous careful thought; examination;
contemplation; deliberation; attention.
Let us think with consideration.
Sir P. Sidney.
Consideration, like an angel, came.
Shak.
2. Attentive respect; appreciative regard; -- used
especially in diplomatic or stately correspondence.
The undersigned has the honor to repeat to Mr. Hulseman the
assurance of his high consideration.
D. Webster.
The consideration with which he was treated.
Whewell.
3. Thoughtful or sympathetic regard or
notice.
Consideration for the poor is a doctrine of the
church.
Newman.
4. Claim to notice or regard; some degree of
importance or consequence.
Lucan is the only author of consideration among the
Latin poets who was not explained for . . . the Dauphin.
Addison.
5. The result of delibration, or of attention and
examonation; matured opinion; a reflection; as,
considerations on the choice of a profession.
6. That which is, or should be, taken into account
as a ground of opinion or action; motive; reason.
He was obliged, antecedent to all other
considerations, to search an asylum.
Dryden.
Some considerations which are necessary to the
forming of a correct judgment.
Macaulay.
7. (Law) The cause which moves a
contracting party to enter into an agreement; the material cause
of a contract; the price of a stripulation; compensation;
equivalent.
Bouvier.
Consideration is what is done, or
promised to be done, in exchange for a promise, and \'bdas a mere
advantage to the promisor without detriment to the promisee would
not avail, the proper test is detriment to the
promisee.\'b8
Wharton.
Con*sid"er*a*tive (?), a.
Considerate; careful; thoughtful.
[Archaic]
I love to be considerative.
B. Jonson.
Con*sid"er*a`tor (?), n. One
who considers. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Con*sid"er*er (?), n. One who
considers; a man of reflection; a thinker.
Milton.
Con*sid"er*ing*ly, adv. With
consideration or deliberation.
Con*sign" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Consigned 3;
p.pr. & vb.n. Consigning.]
[F. consigner, L. consignare,
-signatu,, to seal or sign; con- +
signare, fr. signum mark. See
Sign.] 1. To give, transfer, or
deliver, in a formal manner, as if by signing over into the
possession of another, or into a different state, with the sense
of fixedness in that state, or permanence of possession; as,
to consign the body to the grave.
At the day of general account, good men are to be
consigned over to another state.
Atterbury.
2. To give in charge; to commit; to intrust.
Atrides, parting for the Trojan war,
Consigned the youthful consort to his care.
Pope.
The four evangelists consigned to writing that
history.
Addison.
3. (Com.) To send or address (by bill of
lading or otherwise) to an agent or correspondent in another
place, to be cared for or sold, or for the use of such
correspondent; as, to cosign a cargo or a ship;
to set apart.
4. To assign; to devote; to set apart.
The French commander consigned it to the use for
which it was intended by the donor.
Dryden.
5. To stamp or impress; to affect.
[Obs.]
Consign my spirit with great fear.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To commit; deliver; intrust; resign. See
Commit.
Con*sign" (?), v. i. 1.
To submit; to surrender or yield one's self.
[Obs.]
All lovers young, all lovers must
Consign to thee, and come to dust.
Shak.
2. To yield consent; to agree; to acquiesce.
[Obs.]
Augment or alter . . .
And we'll consign thereto.
Shak.
Con*sig"na*ta*ry (?), n. [Cf.
Consignitary.] A consignee.
[Obs.]
Jenkins.
Con`sig*na"tion (?), n. [L.
consignatio written proof, document: cf. F.
consignation comsignation.] 1. The
act of consigning; the act of delivering or committing to another
person, place, or state. [Obs.]
So is despair a certain consignation to eternal
ruin.
Jer. Taylor.
2. The act of ratifying or establishing, as if
signing; confirmation; ratuficator.
A direct consignation of pardon.
Jer. Taylor.
3. A stamp; an indication; a sign.
[Obs.]
The most certain consignations of an excellent
virtue.
Jer. Taylor.
Con*sig"na*to*ry (?), n. [Cf.
Consignitary.] One of several that jointly
sign a written instrument, as a treaty.
Fallows.
Con*sig"na*ture (?); 135), n.
Joint signature. [R.]
Colgrave.
\'d8Con"signe (?), n.
[F.] (Mil.) (a) A
countersign; a watchword. (b) One who is
orders to keep within certain limits.
Con`sign*ee" (?; 277), n. [F.
consign, p.p. of consigner.]
The person to whom goods or other things are consigned; a
factor; -- correlative to consignor.
Consigner and consignee are used by merchants to
express generally the shipper of merchandise, and the person to
whom it is addressed, by bill of lading or otherwise.
De Colange.
Con*sign"er (?), n. One who
consigns. See Consignor.
Con`sig*nif"i*cant (?), a.
Having joint or equal signification; synonymous.
[R.]
Spelman.
Con*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
Joint signification. [R.]
Con`sig*nif"i*ca*tive (?), a.
Consignificant; jointly significate. [R.]
Con*sig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [Pref.
con- + sognify.] To signify or
denote in combination with something else.
The cipher . . . only serves to connote and
consignify, and to change the value or the
figures.
Horne Tooke.
Con*sign"ment (?), n. 1.
The act of consigning; consignation.
2. (Com.) The act of consigning or
sending property to an agent or correspondent in another place,
as for care, sale, etc.
3. (Com.) That which is consigned; the
goods or commodities sent or addressed to a consignee at one time
or by one conveyance.
To increase your consignments of this valuable
branch of national commerce.
Burke.
4. The writing by which anything is
consigned.
Con*sign"or (? , n.
One who consigns something to another; -- opposed to
consignee. [Written also
consigner.]
Con*sil"i*ence (?), n.
[con- + salire to leap.]
Act of concurring; coincidence; concurrence.
The consilience of inductions takes place when one
class of facts coincides with an induction obtained from another
different class.
Whewell.
{ Con`si*mil"i*tude (?),
Con`si*mil"i*ty (?) }, n.
[Cf. F. consimilitude. See
Similitude.] Common resemblance.
[Obs.]
Aubrey.
Con*sist" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Consisted; p.pr.
& vb.n. Consisting.] [L.
consistere to stand still or firm; con- +
sistere to stand, cause to stand, stare to
stand: cf. F. consister. See Stand.]
1. To stand firm; to be in a fixed or permanent
state, as a body composed of parts in union or connection; to
hold together; to be; to exist; to subsist; to be supported and
maintained.
He is before all things, and by him all things
consist.
Col. i. 17.
2. To be composed or made up; -- followed by
of.
The land would consist of plains and valleys.
T. Burnet.
3. To have as its substance or character, or as its
foundation; to be; -- followed by in.
If their purgation did consist in words.
Shak.
A man's life consisteth not in the abudance of the things
which he possesseth.
Luke xii. 15.
4. To be cosistent or harmonious; to be in
accordance; -- formerly used absolutely, now followed by
with.
This was a consisting story.
Bp. Burnet.
Health consists with temperance alone.
Pope.
For orders and degrees
Jar not with liberty, but well consist.
Milton.
5. To insist; -- followed by on.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- To Consist, Consist of,
Consist in. The verb consist is
employed chiefly for two purposes, which are marked and
distinguished by the prepositions used. When we wish to indicate
the parts which unite to compose a thing, we use of;
as when we say, \'bdMacaulay's Miscellanies consist chiefly
of articles which were first published in the
Edinburgh Review.\'b8 When we wish to indicate the true nature of
a thing, or that on which it depends, we use in; as,
\'bdThere are some artists whose skill consists in a
certain manner which they have affected.\'b8 \'bdOur safety
consists in a strict adherence to duty.\'b8
{ Con*sist"ence (?),
Con*sist"en*cy (?) }, n.
[Cf. F. consistance.] 1. The
condition of standing or adhering together, or being fixed in
union, as the parts of a body; existence; firmness; coherence;
solidity.
Water, being divided, maketh many circles, till it restore
itself to the natural consistence.
Bacon.
We are as water, weak, and of no consistence.
Jer. Taylor.
The same form, substance, and consistency.
T. Burned.
2. A degree of firmness, density, or
spissitude.
Let the expressed juices be boiled into the
consistence of a sirup.
Arbuthnot.
<-- p. 308 proofed -->
3. That which stands together as a united whole; a
combination.
The church of God, as meaning whole consistence of
orders and members.
Milton.
4. Firmness of constitution or character;
substantiality; durability; persistency.
His friendship is of a noble make and a lasting
consistency.
South.
5. Agreement or harmony of all parts of a complex
thing among themselves, or of the same thing with itself at
different times; the harmony of conduct with profession;
congruity; correspondence; as, the consistency of
laws, regulations, or judicial decisions; consistency of
opinions; consistency of conduct or of
character.
That consistency of behavior whereby he inflexibly
pursues those measures which appear the most just.
Addison.
Consistency, thou art a jewel.
Popular Saying.
Con*sist"ent (?), a. [L.
consistens, p.pr.: cf. F.
consistant.] 1. Possessing
firmness or fixedness; firm; hard; solid.
The humoral and consistent parts of the body.
Harvey.
2. Having agreement with itself or with something
else; having harmony among its parts; possesing unity; accordant;
harmonious; congruous; compatible; uniform; not
contradictory.
Show me one that has it in his power
To act consistent with himself an hour.
Pope.
With reference to such a lord, to serve and to be free are
terms not consistent only, but equivalent.
South.
3. Living or acting in conformity with one's belief
or professions.
It was utterly to be at once a consistent Quaker
and a conspirator.
Macaulay.
Con*sist"ent*ly, adv. In a consistent
manner.
Con`sis*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf.
F. consistorial.] Of or pertaining to a
consistory. \'bdConsistorial laws.\'b8
Hooker. \'bdConsistorial courts.\'b8 Bp.
Hoadley.
Con`sis*to"rian (?), a.
Pertaining to a Presbyterian consistory; -- a contemptuous
term of 17th century controversy.
You fall next on the consistorian schismatics; for
so you call Presbyterians.
Milton.
Con*sis"to*ry (? or ?; 277) n.;
pl. Consistories (#). [L.
consistorium a place of assembly, the place where the
emperor's council met, fr. consistere: cf. F.
consistoire, It. consistorio. See
Consist.] 1. Primarily, a place of
standing or staying together; hence, any solemn assembly or
council.
To council summons all his mighty peers,
Within thick clouds and dark tenfold involved,
A gloomy consistory.
Milton.
2. (Eng. Ch.) The spiritual court of a
diocesan bishop held before his chancellor or commissioner in his
cathedral church or elsewhere.
Hook.
3. (R. C. Ch.) An assembly of prelates;
a session of the college of cardinals at Rome.
Pius was then hearing of causes in consistory.
Bacon.
4. A church tribunal or governing body.
consistory is composed of the minister and elders of
an individual church, corresponding to a Presbyterian church
session, and in others, as the Reformed church in France, it is
composed of ministers and elders, corresponding to a presbytery.
In some Lutheran countries it is a body of clerical and lay
officers appointed by the sovereign to superintend ecclesiastical
affairs.
5. A civil court of justice.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Con*sis"to*ry, a. Of the nature of, or
pertaining to, a consistory. \'bdTo hold
consistory session.\'b8
Strype.
Con*so"ci*ate (?), n. [L.
nsociatus, p.p. of consociare to associate,
unite; con- + sociare to join, unite. See
Social.] An associate; an accomplice.
[Archaic] \'bdWicked consociates.\'b8
Bp. Hall.
Con*so"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Consociated (?); p.pr. &
vb.n. Consociating.] 1.
To bring into alliance, confederacy, or relationship; to
bring together; to join; to unite. [R.]
Join pole to pole, consociate severed worlds.
Mallet.
2. To unite in an ecclesiastical
consociation. [U.S.]
Con*so"ci*ate, v. i. 1. To be
allied, confederated, or associated; to coalescence.
[R.]
Bentley.
2. To form an ecclesiastical consociation.
[U.S.]
Con*so`ci*a"tion (?), n. [L.
consociatio.] 1. Intimate union;
fellowship; alliance; companionship; confederation; association;
intimacy.
A friendly consociation with your kindred
elements.
Warburton.
2. A voluntary and permanent council or union of
neighboring Congregational churches, for mutual advice and
co
consociations and the others in
conferences.
Con*so`ci*a"tion*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to a consociation. [U.S.]
Con*sol"a*ble (?), a. [L.
consolabilis: cf. F. consolable.]
Capable of receiving consolation.
Con"so*late (?), v. t. [L.
consolatus, p.p. See Console, v.
t.] To console; to comfort.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Con`so*la"tion (?), n. [L.
consolatio: cf. F. consolation.]
The act of consoling; the state of being consoled;
allevation of misery or distress of mind; refreshment of spirit;
comfort; that which consoles or comforts the spirit.
Against such cruelties
With inward consolations recompensed.
Milton.
Are the consolations of God small with thee?
Job xv. 11.
Syn. -- Comfort; solace; allevation. See
Comfort.
\'d8Con`so*la"to del ma"re (?). [It., the
consulate of the sea.] A collection of maritime laws
of disputed origin, supposed to have been first published at
Barcelona early in the 14th century. It has formed the basis of
most of the subsequent collections of maritime laws.
Kent. Bouvier.
Con"so*la`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who consoles or comforts.
Johnson.
Con*sol"a*to*ry (?), a. [L.
consolatorius.] Of a consoling or
comforting nature.
The punishment of tyrants is a noble and awful act of justice;
and it has with truth been said to be consolatory to
the human mind.
Burke.
Con*sol"a*to*ry, n. That which consoles;
a speech or writing intended for consolation.
[R.]
Milton.
Con*sole" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Consoled
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Consoling.] [L. consolari,.
p.p. consolatus; con- + solari
to console, comfort: cf. F. consoler. See
Solace.] To cheer in distress or depression;
to alleviate the grief and raise the spirits of; to relieve; to
comfort; to soothe.
And empty heads console with empty sound.
Pope.
I am much consoled by the reflection that the
religion of Christ has been attacked in vain by all the wits and
philosophers, and its triumph has been complete.
P. Henry.
Syn. -- To comfort; solace; soothe; cheer; sustain;
encourage; support. See Comfort.
Con"sole (?), n. [F.]
(Arch.) (a) A bracket whose projection
is not more than half its height. (b) Any
small bracket; also, a console table.
Console table, a table whose top is supported
by two or more consoles instead of legs.
Con*sol"er (?), n. One who
gives consolation.
Con*sol"i*dant (?), a. [L.
consolidans, p.pr. of consolidare: cf. F.
consolidant.] Serving to unite or
consolidate; having the quality of consolidating or making
firm.
Con*sol"i*date (?), a. [L.
consolidatus, p.pr. of consolidare to make
firm; con- + solidare to make firm;
solidus solid. See Solid, and cf.
Consound.] Formed into a solid mass; made
firm; consolidated. [R.]
A gentleman [should learn to ride] while he is tender and the
brawns and sinews of his thighs not fully
consolidate.
Elyot.
Con*sol"i*date (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Consolidated
(?); p.pr. & vb.n. Consolidating
(?).] 1. To make solid; to
unite or press together into a compact mass; to harden or make
dense and firm.
He fixed and consolidated the earth.
T. Burnet.
2. To unite, as various particulars, into one mass
or body; to bring together in close union; to combine; as, to
consolidate the armies of the republic.
Consolidating numbers into unity.
Wordsworth.
3. (Surg.) To unite by means of
applications, as the parts of a broken bone, or the lips of a
wound. [R.]
Syn. -- To unite; combine; harden; compact; condense;
compress.
Con*sol"i*date, v. i. To grow firm and
hard; to unite and become solid; as, moist clay
consolidates by drying.
In hurts and ulcers of the head, dryness maketh them more apt
to consolidate.
Bacon.
Con*sol"i*da`ted (?), p.p. & a.
1. Made solid, hard, or compact; united; joined;
solidified.
The Aggregate Fund . . . consisted of a great variety of taxes
and surpluses of taxes and duties which were [in 1715]
consolidated.
Rees.
A mass of partially consolidated mud.
Tyndall.
2. (Bot.) Having a small surface in
proportion to bulk, as in the cactus.
Consolidated plants are evidently adapted and
designed for very dry regions; in such only they are found.
Gray.
The Consolidated Fund, a British fund formed
by consolidating (in 1787) three public funds (the Aggregate
Fund, the General Fund, and the South Sea Fund). In 1816, the
larger part of the revenues of Great Britian and Ireland was
assigned to what has been known as the Consolidated Fund of
the United Kingdom, out of which are paid the interest of
the national debt, the salaries of the civil list, etc.
Con*sol`i*da"tion (?), n. [L.
consolidatio a confirming: cf. F.
consolidation.] 1. The act or
process of consolidating, making firm, or uniting; the state of
being consolidated; solidification; combination.
The consolidation of the marble and of the stone
did not fall out at random.
Woodward.
The consolidation of the great European
monarchies.
Hallam.
2. (Bot.) To organic cohesion of
different circled in a flower; adnation.
3. (Law) The combination of several
actions into one.
Con*sol"i*da*tive (?), a. [Cf.
F. consolidatif.] Tending or having power
to consolidate; healing.
Con*sol"ing (?), a. Adapted to
console or comfort; cheering; as, this is consoling
news.
Con"sols (? , n. pl.
[A contraction of consolidated
(annuities).] The leading British funded government
security.
\'d8Con`som`m (?), n. [F.,
lit. p.p. of consommer to finish.]
(Cookery) A clear soup or bouillion boiled down
so as to be very rich.
{ Con"so*nance (?), Con"so*nan*cy
(?) }, n. [L.
consonantia: cf. F. consonnance.]
1. (Mus.) Accord or agreement of sounds
produced simultaneously, as a note with its third, fifth, and
eighth.
2. Agreement or congruity; harmony; accord;
consistency; suitableness.
The perfect consonancy of our persecuted church to
the doctrines of Scripture and antiquity.
Hammond.
The optic nerve responds to the waves with which it is in
consonance.
Tyndall.
3. Friendship; concord. [Obs.]
By the consonancy of our youth.
Shak.
Syn. -- Agreement; accord; consistency; unison; harmony;
congruity; suitableness; agreeableness.
Con"so*nant (?), a. [L.
consonans, -antis; p.pr. of
consonare to sound at the same time, agree;
con- + sonare to sound: cf. F.
consonnant. See Sound to make a noise.]
1. Having agreement; congruous; consistent;
according; -- usually followed by with or
to.
Each one pretends that his opinion . . . is
consonant to the words there used.
Bp. Beveridge.
That where much is given shall be much required is a thing
consonant with natural equity.
Dr. H. More.
2. Having like sounds.
Consonant words and syllables.
Howell.
3. (Mus.) harmonizing together;
accordant; as, consonant tones, consonant
chords.
4. Of or pertaining to consonants; made up of, or
containing many, consonants.
No Russian whose dissonant consonant name
Almost shatters to fragments the trumpet of fame.
T. Moore.
Con"so*nant, n. [L.
consonans, -antis.] An
articulate sound which in utterance is usually combined and
sounded with an open sound called a vowel; a member of the spoken
alphabet other than a vowel; also, a letter or character
representing such a sound.
Consonants are divided into various classes, as mutes,
spirants, sibilants, nasals, semivowels, etc. All of them are
sounds uttered through a closer position of the organs than that
of a vowel proper, although the most open of them, as the
semivowels and nasals, are capable of being used as if vowels,
and forming syllables with other closer consonants, as in the
English feeble (taken (
consonant is the result of audible
friction, squeezing, or stopping of the breath in some part of
the mouth (or occasionally of the throath.) The main distinction
between vowels and consonants is, that while in the former the
mouth configuration merely modifies the vocalized breath, which
is therefore an essential element of the vowels, in consonants
the narrowing or stopping of the oral passage is the foundation
of the sound, and the state of the glottis is something
secondary.\'b8
H. Sweet.
Con`so*nan"tal (?),
Con"so*nant*ize (?), v. t. To
change into, or use as, a consonant. \'bdThe vowel is
consonantized, that is, made closer in position.\'b8
Peile.
Con"so*nant*ly, adv. In a consonant,
consistent, or congruous manner; agreeably.
Con"so*nant*ness, n. The quality or
condition of being consonant, agreeable, or consistent.
Con"so*nous (?), a. [L.
consonus. See Consonant.] Agreeing
in sound; symphonious.
Con*so`pi*a"tion (?), n. The
act of sleeping, or of lulling, to sleep.
[Obs.]
Pope.
Con"so*pite (?), a. [L.
consopitus, p.p. of consopire.]
Lulled to sleep. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Con"so*pite, v. t. To lull to sleep; to
quiet; to compose. [Obs.]
The operation of the masculine faculties of the soul were, for
a while, well slacked and consopited.
Dr. H. More.
Con"sort (?), n. [L.
consore, -sortis; con- +
sors lot, fate, share. See Sort.]
1. One who shares the lot of another; a companion;
a partner; especially, a wife or husband.
Milton.
He single chose to live, and shunned to wed,
Well pleased to want a consort of his bed.
Dryden.
The consort of the queen has passed from this
troubled sphere.
Thakeray.
The snow-white gander, invariably accompanied by his darker
consort.
Darwin.
2. (Naut.) A ship keeping company with
another.
3. Concurrence; conjunction; combination;
association; union. \'bdBy Heaven's consort.\'b8
Fuller. \'bdWorking in consort.\'b8
Hare.
Take it singly, and is carries an air of levity; but, in
consort with the rest, has a meaning quite
different.
Atterbury.
4. [LL. consortium.] An
assembly or association of persons; a company; a group; a
combination. [Obs.]
In one consort there sat
Cruel revenge and rancorious despite,
Disloyal treason, and heart-burning hate.
Spenser.
Lord, place me in thy consort.
Herbert.
5. [Perh. confused with concert.]
Harmony of sounds; concert, as of musical instruments.
[Obs.]
Milton.
To make a sad consort`;
Come, let us join our mournful song with theirs.
Spenser.
<-- p. 309 -->
Prince consort, the husband of a queen
regnant. -- Queen consort, the wife of a
king, as distinguished from a queen regnant, who rules
alone, and a queen dowager, the window of a
king.
Con*sort" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Consorted; p.pr.
& vb.n. Consorting.] To unite or
to keep company; to associate; -- used with
with.
Which of the Grecian chiefs consorts with thee?
Dryden.
Con*sort", v. t. 1. To unite or
join, as in affection, harmony, company, marriage, etc.; to
associate.
He with his consorted Eve.
Milton.
For all that pleasing is to living ears
Was there consorted in one harmony.
Spenser.
He begins to consort himself with men.
Locke.
2. To attend; to accompany.
[Obs.]
Thou, wretched boy, that didst consort him here,
Shalt with him hence.
Shak.
Con*sort"a*ble (?), a. Suitable
for association or companionship. [Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Con*sor"tion (?), n. [L.
consortio.] Fellowship; association;
companionship. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Con"sort*ship (?), n. The
condition of a consort; fellowship; partnership.
Hammond.
Con"sound (?), n. [Corrupted
fr. F. consoude, fr L. consolida comfrey
(so called because supposed to have healing power);
con- + solidus solid,
consolidare to make solid. Cf. Comfrey,
Consolidate.] (Bot.) A name
applied loosely to several plants of different genera, esp. the
comfrey.
Con`spe*cif"ic (?), a. Of the
same species.
Con`spec*tu"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Conspectuities. The faculty of seeing;
sight; eye. [A word of Menenius's making.
Coriolanus ii. 1]
Shak.
Con*spec"tus (?), n. A general
sketch or outline of a subject; a synopsis; an epitome.
Con*sper"sion (?), n. [L.
conspersio, fr. conspergere to
sprinkle.] The act of sprinkling.
[Obs.]
The conspersion washing the doorposts.
Jer. Taylor.
Con`spi*cu"i*ty (?), n. The
state or quality of being clear or bright; brightness;
conspicuosness. [R.]
Chapman.
Con*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L.
conspicuus, fr. conspicere to get sight of,
to perceive; con- + spicere,
specere, to look. See Spy] 1.
Open to the view; obvious to the eye; easy to be seen;
plainly visible; manifest; attracting the eye.
It was a rock
Of alabaster, piled up to the clouds,
Conspicious far.
Milton.
Conspicious by her veil and hood,
Signing the cross, the abbess stood.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Obvious to the mental eye; easily recognized;
clearly defined; notable; prominent; eminent; distinguished;
as, a conspicuous exellence, or fault.
A man who holds a conspicuous place in the
political, eccesiastical, and literary history of England.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Distinguished; eminent; famous; illustrious;
prominent; celebrated. See Distinguished.
-- Con*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. --
Con*spic"u*ous*ness, n.
Con*spir"a*cy (?), n.; pl.
Conspiracies (#). [See
Conspiration.] 1. A combination of
men for an evil purpose; as agreement, between two or more
persons, to commit a crime in concert, as treason; a plot.
When shapen was all his conspiracy
From point to point.
Chaucer.
They made a conspiracy against [Amaziah].
2 Kings xiv. 19.
I had forgot that foul conspiracy
Of the beast Caliban and his confederates.
Shak.
2. A concurence or general tendency, as of
circumstances, to one event, as if by agreement.
A conspiracy in all heavenly and earthly
things.
Sir P. Sidney.
3. (Law) An agreement, manifesting
itself in words or deeds, by which two or more persons
confederate to do an unlawful act, or to use unlawful to do an
act which is lawful; confederacy.
Syn. -- Combination; plot; cabal.
Con*spir"ant (?), a. [L.
conspirans, p.pr. of conspirare: cf. F.
conspirant.] Engaging in a plot to commit a
crime; conspiring. [Obs.]
Shak.
Con`spi*ra"tion (?), n. [F.
conspiration, L. conspiratio.]
Agreement or concurrence for some end or purpose;
conspiracy. [R.]
As soon as it was day, certain Jews made a
conspiration.
Udall.
In our natural body every part has a nacassary sympathy with
every other, and all together form, by their harmonious
onspiration, a healthy whole.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Con*spir"a*tor (?), n. One who
engages in a conspiracy; a plotter.
2 Sam. xv. 31.
Con*spire" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Conspired
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Conspiring.] [F. conspirer,
L. onspirare to blow together, harmonize, agree, plot;
con- + spirare to breathe, blow. See
Spirit.] 1. To make an agreement,
esp. a secret agreement, to do some act, as to commit treason or
a crime, or to do some unlawful deed; to plot together.
They conspired against [Joseph] to slay him.
Gen. xxxvii. 18.
You have conspired against our royal person,
Joined with an enemy proclaimed.
Shak.
2. To concur to one end; to agree.
The press, the pulpit, and the stage
Conspire to censure and expose our age.
Roscommon.
Syn. -- To unite; concur; complot; confederate;
league.
Con*spire", v. t. To plot; to plan; to
combine for.
Angry clouds conspire your overthrow.
Bp. Hall.
Con*spir"er (?), n. One who
conspires; a conspirator.
Con*spir"ing*ly, adv. In the manner of a
conspirator; by conspiracy.
Milton.
Con`spis*sa"tion (?), n. [L.
conspissatio, fr. onspissare to make
thick.] A making thick or viscous; thickness;
inspissation. [R.]
Dr. H. More.
Con*spur"ate (?), v. t. [L.
conspurcatus, p.p. of conspurcare.]
To pollute; to defile. [Obs.]
Cockeram.
Con`spur*a"tion (?), n. [L.
conspurcare, -spuratum, to defile.]
This act of defiling; defilement; pollution.
Bp. Hall.
Con"sta*ble (?), n. [OE.
conestable, constable, a constable (in
sense 1), OF. conestable, F. conn,
LL. conestabulus, constabularius,
comes stabuli, orig., count of the stable, master of
the horse, equerry; comes ount (L. ompanion) + L.
stabulum stable. See Count a nobleman, and
Stable.] 1. A high officer in the
monarhical establishments of the Middle Ages.
constable of France was the first
officer of the crown, and had the chief ommand of the army. It
was also his duty to regulate all matters of chivalry. The office
was suppressed in 1627. The constable, or lord
high constable, of England, was one of the
highest officers of the crown, commander in chief of the forces,
and keeper of the peace of the nation. He also judicial
cognizance of many important matters. The office was as early as
the Conquest, but has been disused (except on great and solemn
occasions), since the attainder of Stafford, duke of Buckingham,
in the reign of Henry VIII.
2. (Law) An officer of the peace having
power as a conservator of the public peace, and bound to exeute
the warrants of judicial offiers.
Bouvier.
constable is a conservator of the peace within his
district, and is also charged by various statutes with other
duties, such as serving summons, precepts, warrants, etc. In the
United States, constables are town or its officers of
the peace, with powers similar to those of the constables of
England. In addition to their duties as conservators of the
peace, they are invested with others by statute, such as to
execute civil as well as criminal process in certain cases, to
attend courts, keep juries, etc. In some cities, there are
officers called high constables, who act as shiefs of
the constabulary or police force. In other cities the title of
constable, as well as the office, is merged in that of the polie
officer.
High constable, a constable having certain duties
and powers within a hundred. [Eng.] -- Petty
constable, a conservator of the peace within a parish or
tithing; a tithingman. [Eng.] -- Special
constable, a person appointed to act as
constable of special occasions. -- To
overrun, outrun, the
constable, the spend more than one's income; to
get into debt. [Colloq.]
Smollett.
Con"sta*bler*y (? , n.
[OF. conestablerie. Cf.
Constabulary.] 1. The
constabulary. [Obs.]
2. The distrit or jurisdiction of a
constable. [Obs.]
Con"sta*bleship (?), n. The
office or functions of a constable.
Con"sta*bless, n. The wife of a
constable. [Obs.]
Con"sta*ble*wick` (?), n.
[Constable + wick a village]
The district to which a constable's power is limited.
[Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.
Con*stab"u*la*ry (?), a. [LL.
constabularius an equerry. See
Constable.] Of or pertaining to constables;
consisting of constables.
Con*stab"u*la*ry, n. The collective body
of constables in any town, district, or country.
Con*stab"u*la*to*ry (?), n. A
constabulary. [Obs.]
Bp. Burnet.
Con"stan*cy (?), n. [L.
constantia: cf. F. constance. See
Constant.] 1. The state or quality
of being constant or steadfast; freedom from hange; stability;
fixedness; immutabilitu; asm the constancy of God in
his nature and attributes.
2. Fixedness or firmness of mind; persevering
resolution; especially, firmness of mind under sufferings,
steadiness in attashments, or perseverance in enterprise;
stability; fidelity.
A fellow of plain unoined constancy.
Shak.
Constancy and contempt of danger.
Prescott.
Syn. -- Fixedness; stability; firmness; steadiness;
permanence; steadfastness; resolution. See
Firmness.
Con"stant (?), a. [L.
onstans, -antis, p.pr. of
constare to stand firm, to be consistent;
con- + stare to stand: cf.F.
constant. See Stand and f. Cost,
v. t.] 1. Firm; solid; fixed;
immovable; -- opposed to fluid.
[Obs.]
If . . . you mix them, you may turn these two fluid liquors
into a constant body.
Boyle.
2. Not liable, or given, to change; permanent;
regular; continuous; continually recurring; steadfast; faithful;
not fickle.
Both loving one fair maid, they yet remained
constant friends.
Sir P. Sidney.
I am constant to my purposes.
Shak.
His gifts, his constant ourtship, nothing
gained.
Dryden.
Onward the constant current sweeps.
Longfellow.
3. (Math. & Physics) Remaining unchanged
or invariable, as a quantity, forc, law, etc.
4. Consistent; logical. [Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- Fixed; steadfast; unchanging; permanent;
unalterable; immutable; perpetual; continual; resolute; firm;
unshaken; determined. -- Constant,
Continual, Perpetual. These words are sometimes
used in an absolute and sometimes in a qualified sense.
Constant denotes, in its absolute sense, unchangeably
fixed; as, a constant mind or purpose. In its
qualified sense, it marks something as a \'bdstanding\'b8 fact or
occurence; as, liable to constant interruptions;
constantly called for. Continual, in its
absolute sense, coincides with continuous. See
Continuous. In its qualified sense, it describes, a
thing as occuring in steady and rapid succession; as, a round of
continual calls; continually changing.
Perpetual denotes, in its absolute sense, what
literally never ceases or comes to an end; as,
perpetual motion. In its qualified sense, it is used
hyperbolically, and denotes that which rarely ceases; as,
perpetual disturbance; perpetual noise;
perpetual intermeddling.
Con"stant, n. 1. That which is
not subject to change; that which is invariable.
2. (Math.) A quantity that does not
change its value; -- used in countradistinction variable.
Absolute costant (Math.), one whose
value is absolutely the same under all cirumstanes, as the number
10, or any numeral. -- Arbitrary constant, an
undetermined constant in a differential equation having the same
value during all changes in the values of the
variables.
Con*stan"ti*a (? , n.
A superior wine, white and red, from Constantia, in Cape
Colony.
Con"stant*ly (?), adv. With
constancy; steadily; continually; perseveringly; without
cessation; uniformly.
But she constantly affirmed that it was even
so.
Acts. xii. 15.
\'d8Con"stat (?), n. [L., it is
evident.] (Law) A certificate showing what
appears upon record touching a matter in question.
Con*state" (?), v. t. [F.
constater; L. con- + stare to
stand.] To ascertain; to verify; to establish; to
prove.
F. P. Cobbe.
Con"stel*late (? , v. i.
[Pref. con- + L. stellatus,
p.p. of stellare to cover with stars,
stella star. See Stellate.] To
join luster; to shine with united radiance, or one general
light. [R.]
The several things which engage our affections . . . shine
forth and constellate in God.
Boule.
Con"stel*late, v. t. 1. To
unite in one luster or radiane, as stars. [R.]
Whe know how to constellate these lights.
Boyle.
2. To set or adorn with stars or constellations;
as, constellated heavens.
J. Barlow.
Con`stel*la"tion (?), n. [F.
constellation, L. constellatio.]
1. A cluster or group of fixed stars, or dvision of
the heavens, designated in most cases by the name of some animal,
or of some mythologial personage, within whose imaginary outline,
as traced upon the heavens, the group is included.
The constellations seem to have been almost
purposely named and delineated to cause as much confusion and
inconvenience as possible.
Sir J. Herschel.
2. An assemblage of splendors or excellences.
The constellations of genius had already begun to
show itself . . . which was to shed a glory over the meridian and
close of Philip's reign.
Prescott.
3. Fortune; fate; destiny.
[Obs.]
It is constellation, which causeth all that a man
doeth.
Gower.
Con`ster*na"tion (?), n. [L.
consternatio, fr. consternare to overome, perplex, an
accessory form of consternere to trow down, prostrate;
con + sternere to spread out, throw down: cf. F.
consternation. See Straum.]
Amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and
incapacitates for refletion; terror, combined with amaxement;
dismay.
The chiefs around,
In silence wrapped, in onsternation downed.
Attend the stern reply.
Pope.
Syn. -- Alarm; fright; amazement; astonishment; surprise;
panic; returbation. See Alarm.
Con"sti*pate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Constipated;
p.pr. & vb.n. Constipating.]
[L. constipatus, p.p. of constipare;
con- + stipare to crowd together. See
Costive.] 1. To crowd or cram into a
narrow compass; to press together or condense.
[Obs.]
Of cold the property is to condense and
constipate.
Bacon.
2. To stop (a channel) by filling it, and
preventing passage through it; as, to constipate the
capillary vessels.
3. (Med.) To render costive; to cause
constipation in.
Con`sti*pa"tion (?), n. [L.
constipatio a crowding together: cf.F.
constipation.] 1. Act of crowding
anything into a less compass, or the state of being crowded or
pressed together; condensation. [Obs.]
Fullness of matter, or a pretty close constipation
. . . of its particles.
Boyle.
2. A state of the bowels in which the evacuations
are infrequent and difficult, or the intestines become filled
with hardened faces; costiveness.
Con*stit"u*en*cy (?), n.; pl.
Constituencies (. A body of
constituents, as the body of citizens or voters in a
representative district.
Con*stit"u*ent (?), a. [L.
constituens, -entis, p.pr. See
Constitute.] 1. Serving to form,
compose, or make up; elemental; component.
Body, soul, and reason are the three parts necessarily
constituent of a man.
Dryden.
2. Having the power of electing or
appointing.
A question of right arises between the constituent
and representative body.
Junius.
Con*stit"u*ent, n. 1. The
person or thing which constitutes, determines, or
constructs.
Their first composure and origination require a higher and
nobler constituent than chance.
Sir M. Hale
2. That which constitutes or composes, as a part,
or an essential part; a component; an element.
We know how to bring these constituents together,
and to cause them to form water.
Tyndall.
3. One for whom another acts; especially, one who
is represented by another in a legislative assembly; --
correlative to representative.
The electors in the district of a representative in Congress,
or in the legislature of a State, are termed his
constituents.
Abbot.
To appeal from the representatives to the
constituents.
Macaulay.
4. (Law) A person who appoints another
to act for him as attorney in fact.
Burrill.
Con"sti*tute (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Constituted;
p.pr. & vb.n. Constituting.]
[L. constitutus, p.p. of constiture to
constitute; con- + statuere to place, set,
fr. status station, fr. stare to stand. See
Stand.] 1. To cause to stand; to
establish; to enact.
Laws appointed and constituted by lawful
authority.
Jer. Taylor.
<-- p. 310 -->
2. To make up; to compose; to form.
Truth and reason constitute that intellectual gold
that defies destruction.
Johnson.
3. To appoint, depute, or elect to an offie; to
make and empower.
Me didst Thou constitute a priest of thine.
Wordsworth.
Constituted authorities, the officers of
government, collectively, as of a nation, city, town,
etc.
Bartlett.
Con"sti*tute (?), n. An
established law. [Obs.]
T. Preston.
Con"sti*tu`ter (?), n. One who
constitutes or appoints.
Con`sti*tu"tion (?), n. [F.
constitution, L. constitute.]
1. The act or process of constituting; the action
of enacting, establishing, or appointing; enactment;
establishment; formation.
2. The state of being; that form of being, or
structure and connection of parts, which constitutes and
characterizes a system or body; natural condition; structure;
texture; conformation.
The physical constitution of the sun.
Sir J. Herschel.
3. The agregate of all one's inherited physical
qualities; the aggregate of the vital powers of an individual,
with refernce to ability to endure hardship, resist disease,
etc.; as, a robust constitution.
Our constitutions have never been enfeebled by the
vices or luxuries of the oid world.
Story.
4. The aggregate of mental qualities;
temperament.
He defended himself with . . . less passion than was expected
from his constitution.
Clarendon.
5. The fundamental, organic law or principles of
government of men, embodied in written documents, or implied in
the institutions and usages of the country or society; also, a
written instrument embodying such organic law, and laying down
fundamental rules and principles for the conduct of
affairs.
Our constitution had begun to exist in times when
statesmen were not much accustomed to frame exact
definitions.
Macaulay.
6. An authoritative ordinance, regulation or
enactment; especially, one made by a Roman emperor, or one
affecting ecclesiastical doctrine or disipline; as, the
constitutions of Justinian.
The positive constutions of our own churches.
Hooker.
A constitution of Valentinian addressed to
Olybrius, then prefect of Rome, for the regulation of the conduct
of advocates.
George Long.
Apostolic constitutions. See under
Apostolic.
Con`sti*tu"tion*al (?), a. [f.
F. constitutionnel.] 1. Belonging
to, or inherent in, the constitution, or in the structure of body
or mind; as, a constitutional infirmity;
constitutional ardor or dullness.
2. In accordance with, or authorized by, the
constitution of a state or a society; as,
constitutional reforms.
3. Regulated by, dependent on, or secured by, a
constitution; as, constitutional government;
constitutional rights.
Hallam.
4. Relating to a constitution, or establishment
form of government; as, a constitutional
risis.
The anient constitutional traditions of the
state.
Macaulay.
5. For the benefit or one's constitution or health;
as, a constitutional walk.
[Colloq.]
Constitutional law, law that relates to the
constitution, as a permanent system of political and juridical
government, as distinguished from statutory and common law, which
relate to matters subordinate to such constitution.
Con`sti*tu"tion*al, n. A walk or other
exercise taken for one's health or constitution.
[Colloq.]
Thackeray.
The men trudged diurnal constitutionals along the
different roads.
Compton Reade.
Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ism (?), n.
The theory, principles, or authority of constitutional
government; attachment or adherene to a constitution or
constitutional government.
Carlyle.
Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ist, n. One who
advocates a constitutional form of government; a
constitutionalist.
Con`sti*tu`tion*al"i*ty (?), n.;
pl. -ties (#). [f. F.
constitutionalit\'82.] 1. The
quality or state of being constitutional, or inherent in the
natural frame.
2. The state of being consistent with the
constitution or frame of government, or of being authorized by
its provisions.
Burke.
Constitutionalities, bottomless cavilings and
questionings about written laws.
Carlyle.
Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ly (?), adv.
1. In accordance with the constitution or natural
disposition of the mind or body; naturally; as, he was
constitutionally timid.
The English were constitutionally humane.
Hallam.
2. In accordance with the constitution or
fundamental law; legally; as, he was not
constitutionally appointed.
Nothing would indue them to acknowledge that [such] an
assembly . . . was constitutionally a Parliament.
Macaulay.
Con`sti*tu"tion*ist, n. One who adheres
to the constitution of the country.
Bolingbroke.
Con"sti*tu`tive (?), a. 1.
Tending or assisting to constitute or compose; elemental;
essential.
An ingredient and constitutive part of every
virtue.
Barrow.
2. Having power to enact, establish, or create;
instituting; determining.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Con"sti*tu`tive*ly, adv. In a
constitutive manner.
Con*strain" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Constrained
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Constraining.] [OF.
constraindre, F. contrainde, L.
constringere; con- + stringere
to draw tight. See Strain, and. cf. Constrict,
Conbstringere.] 1. To secure by
bonds; to chain; to bond or con
He binds in hains
The droway prophet, and his limbs constrains.
Dryden.
When winter frosts constrain the fields with
old.
Dryden.
2. To bring into a narrow compass; to
compress.
How the strait stays the slender waist
constrain.
Gay.
3. To hold back by force; to restrain; to
repress.
My sire in caves constrains the winds.
Dryden.
4. To compel; to force; to necessiate; to
oblige.
The love of Christ constraineth us.
2. Cor. v. 14.
I was constrained to appeal unto C
Acts xxviii. 19.
5. To violate; to ravish. [Obs.]
Shak.
6. To produce in such a manner as to give an
unnatural effet; as, a constrained voice.
Syn. -- To compel; force; drive; impel; urge; press.
Con*strain"a*ble (?), a. [Cf.
OF. constraignable, F.
contraignable.] Capable of being
constrained; liable to constraint, or to restraint.
Hooker.
Con*strained" (?), a. Marked by
constraint; not free; not voluntary; embarrassed; as, a
constrained manner; a constrained
tone.
Con*strain"ed*ly (?), adv. By
constraint or compulsion; in a constrained manner.
Hooker.
Con*strain"er (?), n. One who
constrains.
Con*straint" (?), n. [OF.
constrainte, F. constrainte.]
The act of constraining, or the state of being constrained;
that which compels to, or restrains from, action; compulsion;
restraint; necessity.
Long imprisonment and hard constraint.
Spenser.
Not by constraint, but b
Dryden.
Syn. -- Compulsion; violence; necessity; urgency.
-- Constraint, Compulsion.
Constraint implies strong binding force; as, the
constraint of necessity; the constraint of
fear. Compulsion implies the exertion of some urgent
impelling force; as, driven by compulsion. The former
prevents us from acting agreeably to our wishes; the latter
forces us to act contrary to our will. Compulsion is
always produced by some active agent; a constraint may
be laid upon us by the forms of civil society, or by other
outward circumstances.
Crabb.
Con*straint"ive (?), a.
Constraining; compulsory. [R.] \'bdAny
constraintive vow.\'b8
R. Carew.
Con*strict" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Constricted;
p.pr. & vb.n. Constricting.]
[L. constrictus, p.p. of constringere.
See Constrain.] To draw together; to render
narrower or smaller; to bind; to cramp; to contract or ause to
shrink.
Such things as constrict the fibers.
Arbuthnot.
Membranous organs inclosing a cavity which their contraction
constrict.
Todd & Bowman.
Con*strict"ed, a. 1. Drawn
together; bound; contracted; cramped.
2. (Bot.) Contracted or compressed so as
to be smaller in certain places or parts than in others.
Con*stric"tion (?), n. [L.
constrictio: cf. F. constriction.]
1. The act of constricting by means of some
inherent power or by movement or change in the thing itself, as
distinguished from compression.
2. The state of being constricted; the point where
a thing is constricted; a narrowing or binding.
A constriction of the parts inservient to
speech.
Grew.
Con*strict"ive (?), a. Serving
or tending to bind or constrict.
Con*strict"or (?), n. 1.
That which constricts, draws together, or contracts.
2. (Anat.) A muscle which contracts or
closes an orifice, or which compresses an organ; a
sphincter.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A serpent that kills its
prey by inclosing and crushing it with its folds; as, the boa
constrictor.
Con*stringe" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Constringed
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Constringing.] [L.
constringere. See onstrain.] To
dawn together; to contract; to force to contract itself; to
constrict; to cause to shrink. [R.]
Strong liquors . . . intoxicate, constringe, harden
the fibers, and coagulate the fluids.
Arbuthnot.
Con*strin"gent (?), a. [L.
constringens, p.pr.] Having the quality of
contracting, binding, or compressing.
Thomson.
Con*struct" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Constructed;
p.pr. & vb.n. Constructing.]
[L. constructus, p.p. of construere to
bring together, to construct; con- +
struere to pile up, set in order. See
Structure, and cf. Construe.] 1.
To put together the constituent parts of (something) in
their proper place and order; to build; to form; to make; as,
to construct an edlifice.
2. To devise; to invent; to set in order; to
arrange; as, to construct a theory of
ethics.
Syn. -- To build; erect; form; compile; make; fabricate;
originate; invent.
Con"struct (?), a. Formed by,
or relating to, construction, interpretation, or inference.
Construct form state
(Heb. Gram.), that of a noun used before another
which has the genitive relation to it.
Con*struct"er (?), n. One who,
or that which, constructs or frames.
Con*struc"tion (?), n. [L.
constructio: cf. F. construction.]
1. The process or art of constructing; the act of
building; erection; the act of devising and forming; fabrication;
composition.
2. The form or manner of building or putting
together the parts of anything; structure; arrangement.
An astrolabe of peculiar construction.
Whewell.
3. (Gram.) The arrangement and
connection of words in a sentence; syntactical arrangement.
Some particles . . . in certain constructions have
the sense of a whole sentence contained in them.
Locke.
4. The method of construing, interpreting, or
explaining a declaration or fact; an attributed sense or meaning;
understanding; explanation; interpretation; sense.
Any person . . . might, by the sort of construction
that would be put on this act, become liable to the penalties of
treason.
Hallam.
Strictly, the term
[construction] signifies determining the meaning and
proper effect of language by a consideration of the subject
matter and attendant circumstances in connection with the words
employed.
Abbott.
Interpretation properly precedes construction, but
it does not go beyond the written text.
Parsons.
Construction of an equation (Math.),
the drawing of such lines and figures as will represent
geometrically the quantities in the equation, and their relations
to each other. -- Construction train
(Railroad), a train for transporting men and
materials for construction or repairs.
Con*struc"tion*al (?), a.
Pertaining to, or deduced from, construction or
interpretation.
Con*struc"tion*ist, n. One who puts a
certain construction upon some writing or instrument, as the
Constitutions of the United States; as, a strict
constructionist; a broad
constructionist.
Con*struct"ive (?), a. [Cf. F.
constructif.] 1. Having ability to
construct or form; employed in construction; as, to exhibit
constructive power.
The constructive fingers of Watts.
Emerson.
2. Derived from, or depending on, construction or
interpretation; not directly expressed, but inferred.
Constructive crimes (Law), acts
having effects analogous to those of some statutory or common law
crimes; as, constructive treason. Constructive crimes
are no longer recognized by the courts. -- Constructive
notice, notice imputed by construction of law. --
Constructive trust, a trust which may be assumed
to exist, though no actual mention of it be made.
Con*struct"ive*ly, adv. In a
constructive manner; by construction or inference.
A neutral must have notice of a blockade, either actually by a
formal information, or constructively by notice to his
government.
Kent.
Con*struct"ive*ness, n. 1.
Tendency or ability to form or construct.
2. (Phren.) The faculty which enables
one to construct, as in mechanical, artistic, or literary
matters.
Con*struct"or (?), n. [Cf. LL.
constructor.] A constructer.
Con*struc"ture (?; 135), n.
That which is constructed or formed; an edifice; a
fabric. [Obs.]
Con*strue (?; Archaic ?), v. t.
[imp & p. p. Construed
(#); p. pr & vb. n. Construing
(#).] [L. construere: cf. F.
construire. See Construct.] 1.
To apply the rules of syntax to (a sentence or clause) so as
to exhibit the structure, arrangement, or connection of, or to
discover the sense; to explain the construction of; to interpret;
to translate.
2. To put a construction upon; to explain the sense
or intention of; to interpret; to understand.
Thus we are put to construe and paraphrase our own
words to free ourselves either from the ignorance or malice of
our enemies.
Bp. Stilingfleet.
And to be dull was construed to be good.
Pope.
Con"stu*prate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Construprated;
p.p. & vb.n. Constuprating.]
[L. constupratus, p.p. of constuprare
to ravish; con- + stuprare to ravish,
stuprum rape.] To ravish; to debauch.
Burton.
Con`stu*pra"tion (?), n. The
act of ravishing; violation; defilement.
Bp. Hall.
Con`sub*stan"tial (?), a. [L.
consubstantialis; con- +
substantialis: cf. F. consubstantiel. See
Substantial.] Of the same kind or nature;
having the same substance or essence; coessential.
Christ Jesus . . . coeternal and consubstantial
with the Father and with the Holy Ghost.
Foxe.
Con`sub*stan"tial*ism (?), n.
The doctrine of consubstantiation.
Con`sub*stan"tial*ist, n. One who
believes in consubstantiation.
Barrow.
Con`sub*stan"ti*al"i*ty (?; 106),
n. [Cf. F.
consubstantialit\'82.] Participation of the
same nature; coexistence in the same substance. \'bdHis
[the Son's] . . . consubstantiality with the
Father.\'b8
Hammend.
Con`sub*stan"tial*ly (?), adv.
In a consubstantial manner; with identity of substance or
nature.
Con`sub*stan"ti*ate (?; 106), v. t.
[imp & p. p. Consubstantiated;
p.pr & vb. n. Consubstantiating.]
To cause to unite, or to regard as united, in one common
substance or nature. [R.]
His soul must be consubstantiated with reason.
Jer. Taylor.
Con`sub*stan"ti*ate, v. i. To profess or
belive the doctrine of consubstantion.
The consubstantiating church and priest.
Dryden.
Con`sub*stan"ti*ate (?), a.
Partaking of the same substance; united;
consubstantial.
We must love her [the wife] that is thus
consubstantiate with us.
Feltham.
Con`sub*stan`ti*a"tion (?; 106), n.
1. An identity or union of substance.
2. (Theol.) The actual, substantial
presence of the body of Christ with the bread and wine of the
sacrament of the Lord's Supper; impanation; -- opposed to
transubstantiation.
consubstantiation by non Lutheran writers in
contradistinction to transsubstantiation, the Catholic
view.
Con"sue*tude (?; 144), n. [L.
consuetudo. See Custom.] Custom,
habit; usage. [R.]
To observe this consuetude or law.
Barnes.
Con`sue*tu"di*nal (?), a. [LL.
consuetudinalis.] According to custom;
customary; usual. [R.]
Con`sue*tu"di*na"ry (?), a.
[LL. consuetudinarius.]
Customary.
<-- p. 311 -->
Cus`sue*tu"di*na*ry (?), n.;
pl. Consuetudinaries (. A
manual or ritual of customary devotional exercises.
Con"sul (?), n. [L., prob. fr.
consulere to deliberate. See Consult.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) One of the two chief
magistrates of the republic.
2. A senator; a counselor.
[Obs.]
Many of the consuls, raised and met,
Are at the duke's already.
Shak.
With kings and consuls of the earth.
Job. iii. 14 (Douay Ver. )
3. (Fr. Hist.) One of the three chief
magistrates of France from 1799 to 1804, who were called,
respectively, first, second, and third consul.
4. An official comissioned to reside in some
foreign country, to care for the commercial interests of the
citizens of the appointing government, and to protect its
seamen.
Consul general, a consul of the first rank,
stationed in an important place, or having jurisdiction in
several places or over several consula. -- Vice
consul, a consular officer holding the place of a
consul during the consul's absence or after he has been
relieved.
Con"sul*age (?), n.
(Com.) A duty or tax paid by merchants for the
protection of their connerce by means of a consul in a foreign
place.
Con"su*lar (?), a. [L.
consularis; cf. F. consulaire.]
Of or pertaining to a consul; performing the duties of a
consul; as, consular power; consular
dignity; consular officers.
Con"su*la"ry (?), a.
Consular. [Obs.]
Holland.
Con"su*late (?), n. [L.
consulatus: cf. F. consulat.]
1. The office of a consul.
Addison.
2. The jurisdiction or residence of a consul.
Kent.
3. Consular government; term of office of a
consul.
Con"sul*ship (?), n. 1.
The office of a consul; consulate.
2. The term of office of a consul.
Con*sult" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Consulted; p.pr.
& vb.n. Consulting.] [L.
consultare, fr. consulere to consult: cf.
f. consulter. Cf. Counsel.] To
seek the opinion or advice of another; to take consel; to
deliberate together; to confer.
Let us consult upon to-morrow's business.
Shak.
All the laws of England have been made by the kings England,
consulting with the nobility and commons.
Hobbes.
Con*sult", v. t. 1. To ask
advice of; to seek the opinion of; to apply to for information or
instruction; to refer to; as, to consult a
physician; to consult a dictionary.
Men fergot, or feared, to consult . . . ; they were
content to consult liberaries.
Whewell.
2. To have reference to, in judging or acting; to
have regard to; to consider; as, to consult one's
wishes.
We are . . . to consult the necessities of life,
rather than matters of ornament and delight.
L'Estrange.
3. To deliberate upon; to take for.
[Obs.]
Manythings were there consulted for the future, yet
nothing was positively resolved.
Clarendon.
4. To bring about by counsel or contrivance; to
devise; to contrive. [Obs.]
Thou hast consulted shame to thy
Hab. ii. 10.
Con*sult" (? , n.
1. The act of consulting or deliberating;
consultation; also, the result of consulation; determination;
decision. [Obs.]
The council broke;
And all grave consults dissolved in smoke.
Dryden.
2. A council; a meeting for consultation.
[Obs.] \'bdA consult of coquettes.\'b8
Swift.
3. Agreement; concert [Obs.]
Dryden.
Con*sult"a*ry (?), a. Formed by
consultation; resulting from conference.
Consultary response (Law), the
opinion of a court on a special case.
Wharton.
Con`sul*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
consultatio: cf. F. consultation.]
1. The act of consulting or conferring;
deliberation of two or more persons on some matter, with a view
to a decision.
Thus they doubtful consultations dark
Ended.
Milton.
2. A council or conference, as of physicians, held
to consider a special case, or of lawyers restained in a
cause.
Writ of consultation (Law), a writ
by which a cause, improperly removed by prohibition from one
court to another, is returned to the court from which it came; --
so called because the judges, on consultation, find the
prohibition ill-founded.
Con*sult"a*tive (?), a.
Pertaining to consultation; having the privilege or right of
conference. \'bdA consultative . . . power.\'b8
Abp. Bramhall.
Con*sult"a*to*ry (?), a. Formed
by, or resulting from, consultation; advisory.
Bancroft.
Con*sult"er (?), n. One who
consults, or asks counsel or information.
Con*sult"ing, a. That consults.
Consulting physician (Med.), a
physician who consults with the attending practitioner regarding
any case of disease.
Con*sult"ive (?), a. Determined
by, or pertaining to, consultation; deliberate;
consultative.
He that remains in the grace of God sins not by any
deliberative, consultive, knowing act.
Jer. Taylor.
Con*sum"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being consumed; that may be destroyed, dissipated, wasted, or
spent. \'bdConsumable commodities.\'b8
Locke.
Con*sume" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Consumed
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Consuming.] [L. consumere to
take wholly or complectely, to consume; con- +
sumere to take; sub + emere to buv. See
Redeem.] To destroy, as by decomposition,
dissipation, waste, or fire; to use up; to expend; to waste; to
burn up; to eat up; to devour.
If he were putting to my house the brand
That shall consume it.
Shak.
Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth
nor rust doth consume.
Matt. vi. 20 (Rev. Ver. ).
Let me alone . . . that I may consume them.
Ex. xxxii. 10.
Syn. -- To destroy; swallow up; ingulf; absorb; waste;
exhaust; spend; expend; squander; lavish; dissipate.
Con*sume" (?), v. i. To waste
away slowly.
Therefore, let Renedick, like covered fire,
Consume away in sighs.
Shak.
Con*sum"ed*ly (?), adv.
Excessively. [Low]
He's so consumedly pround of it.
Thackeray.
Con*sum"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, consumes; as, the consumer of
food.
Con*sum"ing*ly, adv. In a consuming
manner.
Con*sum"mate (?), a. [L.
consummatus, p.p. or consummare to
accomplish, sum up; con- + summa sum. See
Sum.] Carried to the utmost extent or degree;
of the highest quality; complete; perfect. \'bdA man of
perfect and consummate virtue.\'b8
Addison.
The little band held the post with consummate
tenacity.
Motley
Con"sum*mate (?; 277), v. t.
[imp & p. p. Consummated
(#); p. pr & vb. n. Consummating
(#).] To bring to completion; to raise
to the highest point or degree; to complete; to finish; to
perfect; to achieve.
To consummate this business happily.
Shak.
Con*sum"mate*ly (?), adv. In a
consummate manner; completely.
T. Warton.
Con`sum*ma"tion (?), n. [L.
consummatio.] The act of consummating, or
the state of being consummated; completed; completion;
perfection; termination; end (as of the world or of life).
\'bdTis a consummation
Devoutly to be wished.
Shak.
From its original to its consummation.
Addison.
Quiet consummation have,
And renown
Shak.
Consummation of marrige, completion of the
connubial relation by actual cohabition.
Con*sum"ma*tive (?), a. Serving
to consummate; completing. \'bdThe final, the
consummative procedure of philosophy.\'b8
Sir W. Hamilton.
Con*sump"tion (?; 215), n.. [L.
consumptio: cf. F. consomption.]
1. The act or process of consuming by use, waste,
etc.; decay; destruction.
Every new advance of the price to the consumer is a new
incentive to him to retrench the quality of his
consumption.
Burke.
2. The state or process of being consumed, wasted,
or diminished; waste; diminution; loss; decay.
3. (Med.) A progressive wasting away of
the body; esp., that form of wasting, attendant upon pulmonary
phthisis and associated with cough, spitting of blood, hectic
fever, etc.; pulmonary phthisis; -- called also
pulmonary consumption.<-- tuberculosis
-->
Consumption of the bowels (Med.),
inflammation and ulceration of the intestines from tubercular
disease.
Syn. -- Decline; waste; decay. See Decline.
Con*sump"tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
consomptif.] 1. Of or pertaining
to consumption; having the quality of consuming, or dissipating;
destructive; wasting.
It [prayer] is not consumptive or our time.
Sharp.
A long consumptive war.
Addison.
2. (Med.) Affected with, or inclined to,
consumption.
The lean, consumptive wench, with coughs
decayed.
Dryden.
Con*sump"tive, n. One affected with
consumption; as, a resort for
consumptives.
Con*sump"tive*ly, adv. In a way tending
to or indication consumption.
Beddoes.
Con*sump"tive*ness, n. A state of being
consumptive, or a tendency to a consumption.
Con`ta*bes"cent (?), a. [L.
contabescenc, p.pr. of contabescere.]
Wasting away gradually.
Darwin.
- Con*ta*bes"cence (#),
n.
Con"tact (?), n. [L.
contactus, fr. contingere,
-tactum, to touch on all sides. See
Contingent.] 1. A close union or
junction of bodies; a touching or meeting.
2. (Geom.) The property of two curves,
or surfaces, which meet, and at the point of meeting have a
common direction.
3. (Mining) The plane between two
adjacent bodies of dissimilar rock.
Raymond.
Contact level, a delicate level so pivoted as
to tilt when two parts of a measuring apparatus come into contact
with each other; -- used in precise determinations of lengths and
in the accurate graduation of instruments.
Con*tac"tion (?), n. Act of
touching. [Obs.]
Con*ta"gion (?), n. [L.
contagio: cf. F. contagion. See
Contact.] 1. (Med.) The
transmission of a disease from one person to another, by direct
or indirect contact.
Dunglison.
And will he steal out of his wholesome bed
To dare the vile contagion of the night?
Shak.
2. That which serves as a medium or agency to
transmit disease; a virus produced by, or exhalation proceeding
from, a diseased person, and capable of reproducing the
disease.
3. The act or means of communicating any influence
to the mind or heart; as, the contagion of
enthusiasm. \'bdThe contagion of
example.\'b8
Eikon Basilike.
When lust . . .
Lets in defilement to the inward parts,
The soul grows clotted by contagion.
Milton.
4. Venom; poison. [Obs.]
\'bdI'll touch my point with this contagion.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- See Infection.
Con*ta"gioned (?), a. Affected
by contagion.
Con*ta"gion*ist, n. One who believes in
the contagious character of certain diseases, as of yellow
fever.
Con*ta"gious (?), a. [L.
contagiosus: cf. F. contagieux.]
1. (Med.) Communicable by contact, by a
virus, or by a bodily exhalation; catching; as, a
contagious disease.
2. Conveying or generating disease; pestilential;
poisonous; as, contagious air.
3. Spreading or communicable from one to another;
exciting similar emotions or conduct in others.
His genius rendered his courage more
contagious.
Wirt.
The spirit of imitation is contagious.
Ames.
Syn. -- Contagious, Infectious.
These words have been used in very diverse senses; but,
in general, a contagious disease has considered as one
which is caught from another by contact, by the breath, by bodily
effluvia, etc.; while an infectious disease supposes
some entirely different cause acting by a hidden influence, like
the miasma of prison ships, of marshes, etc.,
infecting the system with disease. \'bdThis
distinction, though not universally admitted by medical men, as
to the literal meaning, of the words, certainly applies to them
in their figurative use. Thus we speak of the
contagious influence of evil associates; their
contagion of bad example, the contagion of
fear, etc., when we refer to transmission by proximity or
contact. On the other hand, we speak of infection by
bad principles, etc., when we consider anything as diffused by
some hidden influence.
Con*ta"gious*ly, adv. In a contagious
manner.
Con*ta"gious*ness, n. Quality of being
contagious.
\'d8Con*ta"gi*um (?), n.
[L.] Contagion; contagious matter.
\'bdContagium of measles.\'b8
Tyndall.
Con*tain" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Contained
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Containing.] [OE. contenen,
conteinen, F. contenir, fr. L.
continere, -tentum; con- +
tenere to hold. See Tenable, and cf.
Countenance.] 1. To hold within
fixed limits; to comprise; to include; to inclose; to hold.
Behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens can not
contain thee; how much less this house!
2 Chron. vi. 18.
When that this body did contain a spirit.
Shak.
What thy stores contain bring forth.
Milton.
2. To have capacity for; to be able to hold; to
hold; to be equivalent to; as, a bushel contains
four pecks.
3. To put constraint upon; to restrain; to confine;
to keep within bounds. [Obs., exept as used
reflexively.]
The king's person contains the unruly people from
evil occasions.
Spenser.
Fear not, my lord: we can contain ourselves.
Shak.
Con*tain", v. i. To restrain desire; to
live in continence or chastity.
But if they can not contain, let them marry.
1 Cor. vii. 9.
Con*tain"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being contained or comprised.
Boyle.
Con*tain"ant (?), n. A
container.
Con*tain"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, contains.
Con*tain"ment (?), n. That
which is contained; the extent; the substance.
[Obs.]
The containment of a rich man's estate.
Fuller.
Con*tam"i*na*ble (?), a.
Capable of being contaminated.
Con*tam"i*nate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Contaminated
(?); p.pr. & vb.n. Contaminating
(?).] [L. contaminatus, p.p.
of contaminare to bring into contact, to contaminate,
fr. contamen contagion, for contagmen;
con- + root of tangere to touch. See
Contact.] To soil, stain, or corrupt by
contact; to tarnish; to sully; to taint; to pollute; to
defile.
Shall we now
Contaminate our figures with base bribes?
Shak.
I would neither have simplicity imposed upon, nor virtue
contaminated.
Goldsmith.
Syn. -- To pollute; defile; sully; taint; tarnish; soil;
stain; corrupt.
Con*tam"i*nate (?), a.
Contaminated; defiled; polluted; tainted.
\'bdContaminate drink.\'b8
Daniel.
Con*tam`i*na"tion (?), n. [L.
contaminatio.] The act or process of
contaminating; pollution; defilement; taint; also, that which
contaminates.
Con*tam"i*tive (?), a. Tending
or liable to contaminate.
Con*tan"go (?), n.; pl.
Contangoes (#). [Prob. a
corruption of contingent.] 1.
(Stock Exchange) The premium or interest paid by
the buyer to the seller, to be allowed to defer paying for the
stock purchased until the next fortnightly settlement day.
[Eng.]
2. (Law) The postponement of payment by
the buyer of stock on the payment of a premium to the seller. See
Backwardation.
N. Biddle.
Con*tec"tion (?), n. [L.
contegere, -tectum, to cover up.]
A covering. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Con"tek (?), n. [OE.
conteck, conteke, contake, perh.
a corruption either of contact or
contest.] 1. Quarrel; contention;
contest. [Obs.]
Contek with bloody knife.
Chaucer.
2 Contumely; reproach. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Con*temn" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Contemned
(?); p.pr. & vb.n. Contemning (?
.] [L. contemnere,
-temptum; con- + temnere to
slight, despise: cf. OF. contemner.] To
view or treat with contempt, as mean and despicable; to reject
with disdain; to despise; to scorn.
Thy pompous delicacies I contemn.
Milton.
One who contemned divine and human laws.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To despise; scorn; disdain; spurn; slight; neglect;
underrate; overlook. -- To Contemn,
Despise, Scorn, Disdain.
Contemn is the generic term, and is applied especially
to objects, qualities, etc., which are deemed contemptible, and
but rarely to individuals; to despise is to regard or
treat as mean, unbecoming, or worthless; to scorn is
stronger, expressing a quick, indignant contempt;
disdain is still stronger, denoting either
unwarrantable pride and haughtiness or an abhorrence of what is
base.
Con*tem"ner (? , n. One
who contemns; a despiser; a scorner.
\'bdContemners of the gods.\'b8
South.
Con*tem"ning*ly, adv.
Contemptuously. [R.]
Con*tem"per (?), v. t. [L.
contemperare, -temperatum; con-
+ temperare to temper. Cf.
Contemperate.] To modify or temper; to allay;
to qualify; to moderate; to soften. [Obs.]
The antidotes . . . have allayed its bitterness and
contempered its malignancy.
Johnson.
Con*tem"per*ate (?), v. t. [See
Contemper.] To temper; to moderate.
[Obs.]
Moisten and contemperate the air.
Sir T. Browne.
Con*tem`per*a"tion (?), n.
1. The act of tempering or moderating.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
2. Proportionate mixture or combination.
\'bdContemperation of light and shade.\'b8
Boyle.
Con*tem"per*a*ture (?; 135), n.
The condition of being tempered; proportionate mixture;
temperature. [Obs.]
The different contemperature of the elements.
SDouth.
Con*tem"plance (?), n.
Contemplation. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Con*tem"plant (?), a. [L.
contemplans, p.pr.] Given to contemplation;
meditative. [R.]
Coleridge.
Con"tem*plate (?; 277), v. t.
[imp & p. p. Contemplated (#
; p.pr & vb. n.
Contemplating.] [L.
contemplatus, p.p. of contemplari to
contemplate; con- + templum a space for
observation marked out by the augur. See Temple.]
1. To look at on all sides or in all its bearings;
to view or consider with continued attention; to regard with
deliberate care; to meditate on; to study.
To love, at least contemplate and admire,
What I see excellent.
Milton.
We thus dilate
Our spirits to the size of that they contemplate.
Byron.
2. To consider or have in view, as contingent or
probable; to look forward to; to purpose; to intend.
There remain some particulars to complete the information
contemplated by those resolutions.
A. Hamilton.
If a treaty contains any stipulations which
contemplate a state of future war.
Kent.
Syn. -- To view; behold; study; ponder; muse; meditate on;
reflect on; consider; intend; design; plan; propose; purpose. See
Meditate.
Con"tem*plate, v. i. To consider or
think studiously; to ponder; to reflect; to muse; to
meditate.
So many hours must I contemplate.
Shak.
Con`tem*pla"tion (?), n. [F.
contemplation, L. contemplatio.]
1. The act of the mind in considering with
attention; continued attention of the mind to a particular
subject; meditation; musing; study.
In contemplation of created things,
By steps we may ascend to God.
Milton.
Contemplation is keeping the idea which is brought
into the mind for some time actually in view.
Locke.
2. Holy meditation. [Obs.]
To live in prayer and contemplation.
Shak.
3. The act of looking forward to an event as about
to happen; expectation; the act of intending or purposing.
In contemplation of returning at an early date, he
left.
Reid.
To have in contemplation, to inted or purpose,
or to have under consideration.
Con*tem"pla*tist (?), n. A
contemplator. [R.]
I. Taylor.
Con*tem"pla*tive (?), a. [F.
contemplatif, L. contemplativus.]
1. Pertaining to contemplation; addicted to, or
employed in, contemplation; meditative.
Fixed and contemplative their looks.
Denham.
2. Having the power of contemplation; as,
contemplative faculties.
Ray.
Con*tem"pla*tive, n. (R. C. Ch.)
A religious or either sex devoted to prayer and meditation,
rather than to active works of charity.
Con*tem"pla*tive*ly, adv. With
contemplation; in a contemplative manner.
Con*tem"pla*tive*ness, n. The state of
being contemplative; thoughtfulness.
Con"tem*pla`tor (?; 277), n.
[L.] One who contemplates.
Sir T. Browne.
Con*tem`po*ra*ne"i*ty (?), n.
The state of being contemporaneous.
The lines of contemporaneity in the o\'94litic
system.
J. Philips.
Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous (?), a.
[L. contemporaneus; con- +
tempus time. See Temporal, and cf.
Contemporaneous.] Living, existing, or
occurring at the same time; contemporary.
The great age of Jewish philosophy, that of Aben Esra,
Maimonides, and Kimchi, had been contemporaneous with
the later Spanish school of Arabic philosophy.
Milman
- Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness,
n.
Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv. At the
same time with some other event.
Con*tem"po*ra*ri*ness (?), n.
Existence at the same time; contemporaneousness.
Howell.
Con*tem"po*ra*ry (?), a. [Pref.
con- + L. temporarius of belonging to time,
tempus time. See Temporal, and cf.
Contemporaneous.] 1. Living,
occuring, or existing, at the same time; done in, or belonging
to, the same times; contemporaneous.
This king [Henry VIII.] was contemporary with the
greatest monarchs of Europe.
Strype.
2. Of the same age; coeval.
A grove born with himself he sees,
And loves his old contemporary trees.
Cowley.
Con*tem"po*ra*ry, n.; pl.
Contemporaries (. One who lives at
the same time with another; as, Petrarch and Chaucer were
contemporaries.
Con*tempt" (?; 215), n. [L.
contemptus, fr. contemnere: cf. OF.
contempt. See Contemn.] 1.
The act of contemning or despising; the feeling with which
one regards that which is esteement mean, vile, or worthless;
disdain; scorn.
Criminal contempt of public feeling.
Macaulay.
Nothing, says Longinus, can be great, the contempt
of which is great.
Addison.
2. The state of being despised; disgrace;
shame.
Contempt and begarry hangs upon thy back.
Shaks.
3. An act or expression denoting contempt.
Little insults and contempts.
Spectator.
The contempt and anger of his lip.
Shak.
4. (Law) Disobedience of the rules,
orders, or process of a court of justice, or of rules or orders
of a legislative body; disorderly, contemptuous, or insolent
language or behavior in presence of a court, tending to disturb
its proceedings, or impair the respect due to its
authority.
Contempt is in some jurisdictions
extended so as to include publications reflecting injuriously on
a court of justice, or commenting unfairly on pending
proceedings; in other jurisdictions the courts are prohibited by
statute or by the constitution from thus exercising this
process.
Syn. -- Disdain; scorn; derision; mockery; contumely;
neglect; disregard; slight.
Con*tempt`i*bil"i*ty (?), n.
The quality of being contemptible; contemptibleness.
Speed.
Con*tempt"i*ble (?), a. 1.
Worthy of contempt; deserving of scorn or disdain; mean;
vile; despicable.
Milton.
The arguments of tyranny are ascontemptible as its
force is dreadful.
Burke.
2. Despised; scorned; neglected; abject.
Locke.
3. Insolent; scornful; contemptuous.
[Obs.]
If she should make tender of her love, 't is very possible he
'll scorn it; for the man . . . hath a contemptible
spirit.
Shak.
Syn. -- Despicable; abject; vile; mean; base; paltry;
worthless; sorry; pitiful; scurrile. See
Contemptuous. -- Contemptible,
Despicable, Pitiful, Paltry.
Despicable is stronger than contemptible,
as despise is stronger than contemn. It
implies keen disapprobation, with a mixture of anger. A man is
despicable chiefly for low actions which mark his
life, such as servility, baseness, or mean adulation. A man is
contemptible for mean qualities which distinguish his
character, especially those which show him to be weak, foolish,
or worthless. Treachery is despicable, egotism is
contemptible. Pitiful and paltry
are applied to cases which are beneath anger, and are simply
contemptible in a high degree.
Con*tempt"i*ble*ness, n. The state or
quality of being contemptible, or of being despised.
Con*tempt"i*bly, adv. In a contemptible
manner.
Con*temp"tu*ous (?; 135), a.
Manifecting or expressing contempt or disdain; scornful;
haughty; insolent; disdainful.
A proud, contemptious behavior.
Hammond.
Savage invectiveand contemptuous sarcasm.
Macaulay.
Rome . . . entertained the most contemptuous
opinion of the Jews.
Atterbury.
Syn. -- Scornful; insolent; haughty; disdainful;
supercilious; insulting; contumelious. --
Contemptuous, Contemptible. These words, from
their similarity of sound, are sometimes erroneously
interchanged, as when a person speaks of having \'bda very
contemptible opinion of another.\'b8
Contemptible is applied to that which is the object of
contempt; as, contemptible conduct;
acontemptible fellow. Contemptuous is
applied to that which indicates contempts; as, a
contemptuous look; a contemptuous remark;
contemptuous treatment. A person, or whatever is
personal, as an action, an expression, a feeling, an opinion, may
be either contemptuous or contemptible; a
thing may be contemptible, but can not be
contemptuous.
Con*temp"tu*ous*ly, adv. In a
contemptuous manner; with scorn or disdain; despitefully.
The apostles and most eminent Christians were poor, and used
contemptuously.
Jer. Taylor.
Con*temp"tu*ous*ness, n. Disposition to
or manifestion of contempt; insolence; haughtiness.
Con*tend" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Contended; p.pr.
& vb.n. Contending.] [OF.
contendre, L. contendere,
-tentum; con- + tendere to
strech. See Tend.] 1. To strive in
opposition; to contest; to dispute; to vie; to quarrel; to
fight.
For never two such kingdoms did content
Without much fall of blood.
Shak.
The Lord said unto me, Distress not the Moabites, neither
contend with them in battle.
Deut. ii. 9.
In ambitious strength I did
Contend against thy valor.
Shak.
2. To struggle or exert one's self to obtain or
retain possession of, or to defend.
You sit above, and see vain men below
Contend for what you only can bestow.
Dryden.
3. To strive in debate; to engage in discussion; to
dispute; to argue.
The question which our author would contend
for.
Locke.
Many things he fiercely contended about were
trivial.
Dr. H. More.
Syn. -- To struggle; fight; combat; vie; strive; oppose;
emulate; contest; litigate; dispute; debate.
Con*tend", v. t. To struggle for; to
contest. [R.]
Carthage shall contend the world with
Rome.Dryden.
Con*tend"ent (?), n. [L.
contendens, p.pr.] n antagonist; a
contestant. [Obs.]
In all notable changes and revolutions the
contendents have been still made a prey to the third
party.
L'Estrange.
Con*tend"er (?), n. One who
contends; a contestant.
Con*tend"ress (?), n. A female
contestant. [R.]
Con*ten"e*ment (?), n. [Pref.
con- + tenemnt.] (Law)
That which is held together with another thing; that which
is connected with a tenetment, or thing holden, as a certin
quantity of land a
Burrill.
Con*tent (?), a. [F.
content, fr. L. contentus, p.p. of
contenire to hold together, restrain. See
Contain.] Contained within limits; hence,
having the desires limited by that which one has; not disposed to
repine or grumble; satisfied; contented; at rest.
Having food rainment, let us be therewith
content.
1 Tim. vi. 8.
Con"tent (? , n.;
usually in pl., Contents. 1.
That which is contained; the thing or things held by a
receptacle or included within specified limits; as, the
contents of a cask or bale or of a room; the
contents of a book.
I shall prove these writings . . . authentic, and the
contents true, and worthy of a divine original.
Grew.
2. Power of containing; capacity; extent;
size. [Obs.]
Strong ship's, of great content.
Bacon.
3. (Geom.) Area or quantity of space or
matter contained within certain limits; as, solid
contents; superficial contents.
The geometrical content, figure, and situation of
all the lands of a kingdom.
Graunt.
Table of contents, Contents, a table or list of topics in a
book, showing their order and the place where they may be found:
a summary.
Con*tent" (?), v. t. [F.
contenter, LL. contentare, fr. L.
contentus, p.p. See Content,
a.] 1. To satisfy the desires of;
to make easy in any situation; to appease or quiet; to gratify;
to please.
Do not content yourselves with obscure and confused
ideas, where clearer are to be attained.
I. Watts.
Pilate, willing to content the people, released
Barabbas unto them.
Mark xv. 15.
2. To satisfy the expectations of; to pay; to
requite.
Come the next Sabbath, and I will content you.
Shak.
Syn. -- To satisfy; appease; plese. See
Satiate.
Con*tent", n. 1. Rest or
quietness of the mind in one's present condition; freedom from
discontent; satisfaction; contentment; moderate happiness.
Such is the fullness of my heart's content.
Shak.
2. Acquiescence without examination.
[Obs.]
The sense they humbly take upon content.
Pope.
3. That which contents or satisfies; that which if
attained would make one happy.
So will I in England work your grace's full
content.
Shak.
4. (Eng. House of Lords) An expression
of assent to a bill or motion; an affirmate vote; also, a member
who votes \'bdContent.\'b8.
Supposing the number of \'bdContents\'b8 and
\'bdNot contents\'b8 strictly equal in number and
consequence.Burke.
Con`ten*ta"tion (?), n. [LL.
contentatio.] Content; satisfaction.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Con*tent"ed (?), a. Content;
easy in mind; satisfied; quiet; willing. --
Con*tent"ed*ly, adv. --
Con*tent"ed*ness, n.
Con*tent"ful (?), a. Full of
content. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Con*ten"tion (?), n. [F.
contention, L. contentio. See
Contend.] 1. A violent effort or
struggle to obtain, or to resist, something; contest;
strife.
I would my arcontenion.
Shak.
2. Strife in words; controversy; altercation
quarrel; dispute; as, a bone of
contention.
Contentions and strivings about the law.
Titus iii. 9.
3. Vehemence of endeavor; eagerness; ardor;
zeal.
An end . . . worthy our utmost contenion to
obtain.
Rogers.
4. A point maintained in an argument, or a line of
argument taken in its support; the subject matter of discussion
of strife; a position taken or contended for.
All men seem agreed what is to be done; the
contention is how the subject is to be divided and
defined.
Bagehot.
This was my original contention, and I still
maintain that you should abide by your former decision.
Jowett.
Syn. -- Struggle; strife; contest; quarrel; combat;
conflict; feud; litigation; controversy; dissension; variance;
disagreement; debate; competition; emulation. --
Contention, Strife. A struggle between two
parties is the idea common to these two words. Strife
is a struggle for mastery; contention is a struggle
for the possession of some desired object, or the accomplishment
of some favorite end. Neither of the words is necessairly used in
a bad sense, since there may be a generous strife or
contention between two friends as to which shall incur
danger or submit to sacrifices. Ordinarily, however, these words
denote a struggle arising from bad passions. In that case,
strife usually springs from a quarrelsome temper, and
contention from, a selfish spirit which seeks its own
aggrandizement, or is fearful lest others should obtain too such.
Strife has more reference to the manner than to the
object of a struggle, while contention takes more
account of the end to be gained.
Con*ten"tious (?), a. [L.
contentiosus: cf. F. contentieux.]
1. Fond of contention; given to angry debate;
provoking dispute or contention; quarrelsome.
Despotic and contentious temper.
Macaulay.
2. Relating to contention or strife; involving or
characterized by contention.
Spenser.
More cheerfull; though not less contentious,
regions.
Brougham.
3. (Law) Contested; litigated;
litigious; having power to decide controversy.
Contentious jurisdiction (Eng. Eccl.
Law), jurisdiction over matters in controversy between
parties, in contradistinction to voluntary
jurisdiction, or that exercised upon matters not opposed or
controverted.
Syn. -- Quarrelsome; pugnacious; dissentious; wrangling;
litigious; perverse; peevish.
- Con*ten"tious*ly, adv. --
Con*ten"tious*ness, n.
Con*tent"less (?), a.
[Content + -less.]
Discontented; dissatisfied. [R.]
Shak.
Con*tent"ly, adv. In a contented
manner. [Obs.]
<-- p. 313 -->
Con*tent"ment (?), n. [Cf. F.
contentement. See Content, v.
t.] 1. The state of being contented or
satisfied; content.
Contentment without external honor is humility.
Grew.
Godliness with contentment is great gain.
1 Tim. vi. 6.
2. The act or process of contenting or satisfying;
as, the contentment of avarice is
impossible.
3. Gratification; pleasure; satisfaction.
[Obs.]
At Paris the prince spent one whole day to give his mind some
contentment in viewing of a famous city.
Sir H. Wotton.
Con*tents (? , n. pl.
See Content, n.
Con*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a.
Having the same bounds; terminating at the same time or
place; conterminous.
Love and life not conterminable.
Sir H. Wotton.
Con*ter"mi*nal (?), a. [LL.
conterminalis.] Conterminous.
Con*ter"mi*nant (?), a. Having
the same limits; ending at the same time; conterminous.
Lamb.
Con*ter"mi*nate (?), a. [L.
conterminare to border upon, fr.
conterminus conterminous; con- +
terminus border.] Having the same bounds;
conterminous. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Con*ter"mi*nous (?), a. [L.
conterminus. Cf. Conterminous.]
Having the same bounds, or limits; bordering upon;
contiguous.
This conformed so many of them as were conterminous
to the colonies and garrisons, to the Roman laws.
Sir M. Hale.
{ Con`ter*ra"ne*an (?),
Con`ter*ra"ne*ous (?), } a.
[L. conterraneus; con- +
terra country.] Of or belonging to the same
country.
Howell.
Con*tes`ser*a"tion (?), n. [L.
contesseratio, from contesserare to
contract friendship by means of the tesserae
(friendship tokens).] An assemblage; a collection;
harmonious union. [Obs.]
That person of his [George Herbert], which afforded so unusual
a contesseration of elegancies.
Oley.
Con*test" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Contested; p.pr.
& vb.n. Contesting.] [F.
contester, fr. L. contestari to call to
witness, contestari litem to introduce a lawsuit by
calling witnesses, to bring an action; con- +
testari to be a witness, testic witness.
See Testify.] 1. To make a subject
of dispute, contention, litigation, or emulation; to contend for;
to call in question; to controvert; to oppose; to dispute.
The people . . . contested not what was done.
Locke.
Few philosophical aphorisms have been more frequenty repeated,
few more contested than this.
J. D. Morell.
2. To strive earnestly to hold or maintain; to
struggle to defend; as, the troops contested every
inch of ground.
3. (Law) To make a subject of
litigation; to defend, as a suit; to dispute or resist; as a
claim, by course of law; to controvert.
To contest an election. (Polit.)
(a) To strive to be elected. (b)
To dispute the declared result of an election.
Syn. -- To dispute; controvert; debate; litigate; oppose;
argue; contend.
Con*test", v. i. To engage in
contention, or emulation; to contend; to strive; to vie; to
emulate; -- followed usually by with.
The difficulty of an argument adds to the pleasure of
contesting with in, when there are hopes of
victory.
Bp. Burnet.
Of man, who dares in pomp with Jove contest?
Pope.
Con"test (?), n. 1.
Earnest dispute; strife in argument; controversy; debate;
altercation.
Leave all noisy contests, all immodest clamors and
brawling language.
I. Watts.
2. Earnest struggle for superiority, victory,
defense, etc.; competition; emulation; strife in arms; conflict;
combat; encounter.
The late battle had, in effect, been a contest
between one usurper and another.
Hallam.
It was fully expected that the contest there would
be long and fierce.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Conflict; combat; battle; encounter; shock;
struggle; dispute; altercation; debate; controvesy; difference;
disagreement; strife. -- Contest,
Conflict, Combat, Encounter.
Contest is the broadest term, and had originally no
reference to actual fighting. It was, on the contrary, a legal
term signifying to call witnesses, and hence came to
denote first a struggle in argument, and then a struggle for some
common object between opposing parties, usually one of
considerable duration, and implying successive stages or acts.
Conflict denotes literally a close personal
engagement, in which sense it is applied to actual fighting. It
is, however, more commonly used in a figurative sense to denote
strenuous or direct opposition; as, a mental conflict;
conflicting interests or passions; a
conflict of laws. An encounter is a direct
meeting face to face. Usually it is a hostile meeting, and is
then very nearly coincident with conflict; as, an
encounter of opposing hosts. Sometimes it is used in a
looser sense; as, \'bdthis keen encounter of our
wits.\'b8 Shak. Combat is commonly applied to
actual fighting, but may be used figuratively in reference to a
strife or words or a struggle of feeling.
Con*test"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
contestable.] Capable of being contested;
debatable.
Con*test"ant (?), n. [Cf. F.
contestant.] One who contests; an opponent;
a litigant; a disputant; one who claims that which has been
awarded to another.
Con`tes*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
contestatio testimony: cf. F. contestation
a contesting.] 1. The act of contesting;
emulation; rivalry; strife; dispute. \'bdLoverlike
contestation.\'b8
Milton.
After years spent in domestic, unsociable
contestations, she found means to withdraw.
Clarendon.
2. Proof by witness; attestation; testimony.
[Obs.]
A solemn contestation ratified on the part of
God.
Barrow.
Con*test"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
contending manner.
Con*tex (?), v. t. To
context. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Con*text" (?), a. [L.
contextus, p.p. of contexere to weave, to
unite; con- + texere to weave. See
Text.] Knit or woven together; close;
firm. [Obs.]
The coats, without, are context and callous.
Derham.
Con"text (?), n. [L.
contextus; cf. F. contexte .]
The part or parts of something written or printed, as of
Scripture, which precede or follow a text or quoted sentence, or
are so intimately associated with it as to throw light upon its
meaning.
According to all the light that the contexts
afford.
Sharp.
Con*text" (?), v. t. To knit or
bind together; to unite closely. [Obs.]
Feltham.
The whole world's frame, which is contexted only by
commerce and contracts.
R. Junius.
Con*tex"tur*al (?; 135), a.
Pertaining to contexture or arrangement of parts; producing
contexture; interwoven.
Dr. John Smith (1666).
Con*tex"ture (?; 135), n. [Cf.
F. contexture.] The arrangement and union
of the constituent parts of a thing; a weaving together of parts;
structural character of a thing; system; constitution;
texture.
That wonderful contexture of all created
beings.
Dryden.
He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs
rather sturdy than dainty.
Sir H. Wotton.
Con*tex"tured (?; 135), a.
Formed into texture; woven together; arranged;
composed. [R.]
Carlyle.
Con"ti*cent (?), a. [L.
conticens, p.pr. of conticere;
con- + tacere to be silent.]
Silent. [R.] \'bdThe guests sit
conticent.\'b8
Thackeray.
Con`tig*na"tion (?), n. [L.
contignatio, fr. contignare to join with
beams; con- + tignum beam.]
1. The act or process of framing together, or
uniting, as beams in a fabric.
Burke.
2. A framework or fabric, as of beams.
Sir H. Wotton.
Con*tig"u*ate (?), a. [LL.
contiguatus.] Contiguous; touching.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Con`ti*gu"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
contiguit, LL. contiguitas.]
The state of being contiguous; intimate association;
nearness; proximity.
The convicinity and contiguity of the two
parishes.
T. Warton.
Con*tig"u*ous (?), a. [L.
contiguus; akin to contigere to touch on
all sides. See Contingent.] In actual
contact; touching; also, adjacent; near; neighboring;
adjoining.
The two halves of the paper did not appear fully divided . . .
but seemed contiguous at one of their angles.
Sir I. Newton.
Sees no contiguous palace rear its head.
Goldsmith.
Contiguous angles. See Adjacent
angles, under Angle.
Syn. -- Adjoining; adjacent. See Adjacent.
- Con*tig"u*ous*ly, adv. --
Con*tig"u*ous*ness, n.
{ Con"ti*nence (?), Con"ti*nen*cy
(?) }, n. [F.
continence, L. continentia. See
Continent, and cf. Countenance.]
1. Self-restraint; self-command.
He knew what to say; he knew also, when to leave off, -- a
continence which is practiced by few writers.
Dryden.
2. The restraint which a person imposes upon his
desires and passions; the act or power of refraining from
indulgence of the sexual appetite, esp. from unlawful indulgence;
sometimes, moderation in sexual indulgence.
If they [the unmarried and widows] have not
continency, let them marry.
1 Cor. vii. 9 (Rev. Ver. ).
Chastity is either abstinence or continence:
abstinence is that of virgins or widows; continence,
that of married persons.
Jer. Taylor.
3. Uninterrupted course; continuity.
[Obs.]
Ayliffe.
Con"ti*nent (?), a. [L.
continens, -entis, prop., p. pr. of
continere to hold together, to repress: cf. F.
continent. See Contain.] 1.
Serving to restrain or limit; restraining; opposing.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. Exercising restraint as to the indulgence of
desires or passions; temperate; moderate.
Have a continent forbearance till the speed of his
rage goes slower.
Shak.
3. Abstaining from sexual intercourse; exercising
restraint upon the sexual appetite; esp., abstaining from illicit
sexual intercourse; chaste.
My past life
Hath been as continent, as chaste, as true,
As I am now unhappy.
Shak.
4. Not interrupted; connected; continuous; as,
a continent fever. [Obs.]
The northeast part of Asia is, if not continent
with the west side of America, yet certainly it is the least
disoined by sea of all that coast.
Berrewood.
Con"ti*nent, n. [L.
continens, prop., a holding together: cf. F.
continent. See Continent,
a.] 1. That which contains
anything; a receptacle. [Obs.]
The smaller continent which we call a pipkin.
Bp. Kennet.
2. One of the grand divisions of land on the globe;
the main land; specifically (Phys. Geog.), a large
body of land differing from an island, not merely in its size,
but in its structure, which is that of a large basin bordered by
mountain chains; as, the continent of North
America.
continents are now usually regarded
as six in number: North America, South America, Europe, Asia,
Africa, and Australia. But other large bodies of land are also
reffered to as continents; as, the Antarctic
continent; the continent of Greenland.
Europe, Asia, and Africa are often grouped together as the
Eastern Continent, and North and South America as the
Western Continent.
The Continent, the main land of Europe, as
distinguished from the islands, especially from
England.
Con`ti*nen"tal (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to a continent.
2. Of or pertaining to the main land of Europe, in
distinction from the adjacent islands, especially England;
as, a continental tour; a continental
coalition.
Macaulay.
No former king had involved himself so frequently in the
labyrinth of continental alliances.
Hallam.
3. (Amer. Hist.) Of or pertaining to the
confederated colonies collectively, in the time of the
Revolutionary War; as, Continental money.
The army before Boston was designated as the
Continental army, in contradistinction to that under
General Gage, which was called the \'bdMinisterial army.\'b8
W. Irving.
Continental Congress. See under
Congress. -- Continental system
(Hist.), the blockade of Great Britain ordered by
Napoleon by the decree of Berlin, Nov. 21, 1806; the object being
to strike a blow at the maritime and commercial supremacy of
Great Britain, by cutting her off from all intercourse with the
continent of Europe.
Con`ti*nen"tal (?), n. (Amer.
Hist.) A soldier in the Continental army, or a piece
of the Continental currency. See Continental,
a., 3.
<-- "Not worth a continental." [said of Continental currency
after the American revolution] -->
Con"ti*nent*ly (?), adv. In a
continent manner; chastely; moderately; temperately.
Con*tin"gence (?), n. See
Contingency.
Con*tin"gen*cy (?), n,; pl.
Contingencies (#). [Cf. F.
contingence.] 1. Union or
connection; the state of touching or contact. \'bdPoint of
contingency.\'b8
J. Gregory.
2. The quality or state of being contingent or
casual; the possibility of coming to pass.
Aristotle says we are not to build certain rules on the
contingency of human actions.
South.
3. An event which may or may not occur; that which
is possible or probable; a fortuitous event; a chance.
The remarkable position of the queen rendering her death a
most important contingency.
Hallam.
4. An adjunct or accessory.
Wordsworth.
5. (Law) A certain possible event that
may or may not happen, by which, when happening, some particular
title may be affected.
Syn. -- Casualty; accident; chance.
Con*tin"gent (?), a. [L.
contingens, -entis, p.pr. of
contingere to touch on all sides, to happen;
con- + tangere to touch: cf. F.
contingent. See Tangent,
Tact.] 1. Possible, or liable, but
not certain, to occur; incidental; casual.
Weighing so much actual crime against so much
contingent advantage.
Burke.
2. Dependent on that which is undetermined or
unknown; as, the success of his undertaking is
contingent upon events which he can not
control. \'bdUncertain and contingent
causes.\'b8
Tillotson.
3. (Law) Dependent for effect on
something that may or may not occur; as, a
contingent estate.
If a contingent legacy be left to any one when he
attains, or if he attains, the age of twenty-one.
Blackstone.
Con*tin"gent, n. 1. An event
which may or may not happen; that which is unforeseen,
undetermined, or dependent on something future; a
contingency.
His understanding could almost pierce into future
contingets.
South.
2. That which falls to one in a division or
apportionment among a number; a suitable share; proportion; esp.,
a quota of troops.
From the Alps to the border of Flanders,
contingents were required . . . 200,000 men were in
arms.
Milman.
Con*tin"gent*ly, adv. In a contingent
manner; without design or foresight; accidentally.
Con*tin"gent*ness, n. The state of being
contingent; fortuitousness.
Con*tin"u*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being continued [R.]
Con*tin"u*al (?), a. [OE.
continuel, F. continuel. See
Continue.] 1. Proceeding without
interruption or cesstaion; continuous; unceasing; lasting;
abiding.
He that is of a merry heart hath a continual
feast.
Prov. xv. 15.
2. Occuring in steady and rapid succession; very
frequent; often repeated.
The eye is deligh by a continental succession of
small landscapes.
W. Irwing.
Continual proportionals (Math.),
quantities in continued proportion.
Brande & C.
Syn. -- Constant; prepetual; incessant; unceasing;
uninterrupted; unintermitted; continuous. See Constant,
and Continuous.
Con*tin"u*al*ly, adv. 1.
Without cessation; unceasingly; continuously; as, the
current flows continually.
Why do not all animals continually increase in
bigness?
Bentley.
2. In regular or repeated succession; very
often.
Thou shalt eat bread at my table continually.
2 Sam. ix. 7.
Con*tin"u*ance (?), n. [OF.
continuance.] 1. A holding on, or
remaining in a particular state; permanence, as of condition,
habits, abode, etc.; perseverance; constancy; duration;
stay.
Great plagues, and of long continuence.
Deut. xxviii. 59.
Patient continuance i well-doing.
Rom. ii. 7.
2. Uninterrupted succession; continuation; constant
renewell; perpetuation; propagation.
The brute immedistely regards his own preservation or the
continuance of his species.
Addison.
3. A holding together; continuity.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
4. (Law) (a) The adjournment of
the proceedings in a cause from one day, or from one stated term
of a court, to another. (b) The entry of such
adjuornment and the grounds thereof on the record.
Con*tin"u*ant (?), a.
Continuing; prolonged; sustained; as, a
continuant sound. -- n.
A continuant sound; a letter whose sound may be
prolonged.
Con*tin"u*ate (?), a. [L.
continuatus, p.p. See Continue.]
1. Immediately united together; intimately
connocted. [R.]
We are of Him and in Him, even as though our very flesh and
bones should be made continuate with his.
Hooker.
<-- p. 314 -->
2. Uninterrupted; unbroken; continual;
continued.
An untirable and continuate goodness.
Shak.
Con*tin`u*a"tion (?), n. [L.
continuatio: cf. F. connuation.]
1. That act or state of continuing; the state of
being continued; uninterrupted extension or succession;
prolongation; propagation.
Preventing the continuation of the royal line.
Macaulay.
2. That which extends, increases, supplements, or
carries on; as, the continuation of a
story.
My continuation of the version of Statius.
Pope.
Con*tin"u*a*tive (?), n. [Cf.
F. continuatif.] 1. (Logic)
A term or expression denoting continuance.
[R.]
To these may be added continuatives; as, Rome
remains to this day; which includes, at least, two propositions,
viz., Rome was, and Rome is.
I. Watts.
2. (Gram.) A word that continues the
connection of sentences or subjects; a connective; a
conjunction.
Continuatives . . . consolidate sentences into one
continuous whole.
Harris.
Con*tin"u*a`tor (?), n. [Cf. F.
continuateur.] One who, or that which,
continues; esp., one who continues a series or a work; a
continuer.
Sir T. Browne.
Con*tin"ue (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Continued
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Continuing.] [F. continuer,
L. continuare, -tinuatum, to connect,
continue, fr. continuus. See Continuous, and
cf. Continuate.] 1. To remain ina
given place or condition; to remain in connection with; to abide;
to stay.
Here to continue, and build up here
A growing empire.
Milton.
They continue with me now three days, and have
nothing to eat.
Matt. xv. 32.
2. To be permanent or durable; to endure; to
last.
But now thy kingdom shall not continue.
1 Sam. xiii. 14.
3. To be steadfast or constant in any course; to
persevere; to abide; to endure; to persist; to keep up or
maintain a particular condition, course, or series of actions;
as, the army continued to advance.
If ye continue in my word, then are ye my disciples
indeed.
John viii. 31.
Syn. -- To persevere; persist. See Persevere.
Con*tin"ue, v. t. 1. To unite;
to connect. [Obs.]
the use of the navel is to continue the infant unto
the mother.
Sir T. browne.
2. To protract or extend in duration; to preserve
or persist in; to cease not.
O continue thy loving kindness unto them that know
thee.
Ps. xxxvi. 10.
You know how to make yourself happy by only
continuing such a life as you have been long acustomed
to lead.
Pope.
3. To carry onward or extend; to prolong or
produce; to add to or draw out in length.
A bridge of wond'rous length,
From hell continued, reaching th' utmost orb
of this frall world.
Milton.
4. To retain; to suffer or cause to remain; as,
the trustees were continued; also, to suffer to
live.
And how shall we continue Claudio.
Shak.
Con*tin"ued (?), p.p. & a.
Having extension of time, space, order of events, exertion
of energy, etc.; extended; protacted; uninterrupted; also,
resumed after interruption; extending through a succession of
issues, session, etc.; as, a continued
story. \'bdContinued woe.\'b8
Jenyns. \'bdContinued succession.\'b8
Locke.
Continued bass (Mus.), a bass
continued through an entire piece of music, while the other parts
of the harmony are indicated by figures beneath the bass; the
same as thorough bass or figured bass;
basso continuo. [It.] -- Continued fever
(Med.), a fever which presents no interruption in
its course. -- Continued fraction
(Math.), a fraction whose numerator is 1, and
whose denominator is a whole number plus a fraction whose
numerator is 1 and whose denominator is a whole number, plus a
fraction, and so on. -- Continued proportion
(Math.), a proportion composed of two or more
equal ratios, in which the consequent of each preceding ratio is
the same with the antecedent of the folowing one; as, 4 : 8 : 8 :
16 :: 16 : 32.
Con*tin"u*ed*ly (? , adv.
Continuously.
Con*tin"u*er (?), n. One who
continues; one who has the power of perseverance or
persistence. \'bdIndulgent continuers in
sin.\'b8
Hammond.
I would my horse had the speed of your tongue, and so good a
continuer.
Shak.
Con`ti*nu"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Continuities (#). [L.
continuitas: cf. F. continuit. See
Continuous.] the state of being continuous;
uninterupted connection or succession; close union of parts;
cohesion; as, the continuity of fibers.
Grew.
The sight would be tired, if it were attracted by a
continuity of glittering objects.
Dryden.
Law of continuity (Math. & Physics),
the principle that nothing passes from one state to another
without passing through all the intermediate states. --
Solution of continuity. (Math.) See
under Solution.
\'d8Con*ti"nu*o (? , n.
[It.] (Mus.) Basso
continuo, or continued bass.
Con*tin"u*ous (?), a. [L.
continuus, fr. continere to hold together.
See Continent.] 1. Without break,
cessation, or interruption; without intervening space or time;
uninterrupted; unbroken; continual; unceasing; constant;
continued; protracted; extended; as, a continuous
line of railroad; a continuous current of
electricity.
he can hear its continuous murmur.
Longfellow.
2. (Bot.) Not deviating or varying from
uninformity; not interrupted; not joined or articulated.
Continuous brake (Railroad), a
brake which is attached to each car a train, and can be caused to
operate in all the cars simultaneously from a point on any car or
on the engine. -- Continuous impost. See
Impost.
Syn. -- Continuous, Continual.
Continuous is the stronger word, and denotes
that the continuity or union of parts is absolute and
uninterrupted; as, a continuous sheet of ice; a
continuous flow of water or of argument. So Daniel
Webster speaks of \'bda continuous and unbroken strain
of the martial airs of England.\'b8 Continual, in most
cases, marks a close and unbroken succession of things, rather
than absolute continuity. Thus we speak of continual
showers, implying a repetition with occasional interruptions; we
speak of a person as liable to continual calls,
or as subject to continual applications for aid, etc.
See Constant.
Con*tin"u*ous*ly (?), adv. In a
continuous maner; without interruption. --
Con*tin"u*ous*ness, n.
Cont"line` (?), n. 1.
(Ropemaking) The space between the strands on the
outside of a rope.
Knight.
2. (Naut.) The space between the bilges
of two casks stowed side by side.
{ Con*tor"ni*ate (?),
\'d8Con*tor"ni*a`te (?) }, n.,
[It. contorniato, p.pr. of contorniare
to make a circuit or outline, fr. contorno circuit,
outline. See Contour.] (Numis.) A
species of medal or medallion of bronze, having a deep furrow on
the contour or edge; -- supposed to have been struck in the days
of Constantine and his successors.
R. S. Poole.
Con*tor"sion (?), n. See
Contortion.
Con*tort" (?), v. t. [L.
contortus, p.p. of contorquere to twist;
con- + torquere to twist. See
Torture.] To twist, or twist together; to
turn awry; to bend; to distort; to wrest.
The vertebral arteries are variously contorted.
Ray.
Kant contorted the term category from the proper
meaning of attributed.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Con*tort"ed, a. 1. Twisted, or
twisted together. \'bdA contorted chain of
icicles.\'b8
Massinger.
2. (Bot.) (a) Twisted back upon
itself, as some parts of plants. (b) Arranged
so as to overlap each other; as, petals in contorted
or convolute \'91stivation.
Con*tor"tion (?), n. [L.
contortio: cf. F. contorsion. See
Contort, and cf. Torsion.] A
twisting; a writhing; wry motion; a twist; as, the
contortion of the muscles of the face.
Swift.
All the contortions of the sibyl, without the
inspiration.
Burke.
Con*ter"tion*ist, n. One who makes or
practices contortions.
Con*tor"tive (?), a. Expressing
contortion.
Con`tor*tu"pli*cate (?), a. [L.
contortuplicatus; contortus contorted +
plicare to fold.] (Bot.) Plaited
lengthwise and twisted in addition, as the bud of the
morning-glory.
Gray.
Con*tour" (?), n. [F.
contour, fr. contourner to mark the
outlines; con- + tourner to turn. See
Turn.] 1. The outline of a figure or
body, or the line or lines representing such an outline; the line
that bounds; periphery.
Titian's coloring and contours.
A. Drummond.
2. (Mil.) The outline of a horizontal
section of the ground, or of works of fortification.
Contour feathers (Zo\'94l.), those
feathers that form the general covering of a bird. --
Contour of ground (Surv.), the outline
of the surface of ground with respect to its undulation,
etc. -- Contour line (Topographical
Suv.), the line in which a horizontal plane intersects
a portion of ground, or the corresponding line in a map or
chart.
\'d8Con`tour`n\'82' (?), a.
[F., p.p. of contourner to twist.]
(Her.) Turned in a direction which is not the
usual one; -- said of an animal turned to the sinister which is
usually turned to the dexter, or the like.
Con*tour"ni*a`ted (?), a. [Cf.
Contorniate.] (Numis.) Having
furrowed edges, as if turned in a lathe.
Con"tra (?). A Latin adverb and
preposition, signifying against, contrary,
in opposition, etc., entering as a prefix into the
composition of many English words. Cf. Counter,
adv. & pref.
Con"tra*band (?), n. [It.
contrabando; contra + bando ban,
proclamation: cf. F. contrebande. See Ban an
edict.] 1. Illegal or prohobited
traffic.
Persons the most bound in duty to prevent
contraband, and the most interested in the
seizures.
Burke.
2. Goods or merchandise the importation or
exportation of which is forbidden.
3. A negro slave, during the Civil War, escaped to,
or was brought within, the Union lines. Such slave was considered
contraband of war. [U.S.]
Contraband of war, that which, according to
international law, cannot be supplied to a hostile belligerent
except at the risk of seizure and condemnation by the aggrieved
belligerent.
Wharton.
Con"tra*band, a. Prohibited or excluded
by law or treaty; forbidden; as, contraband goods,
or trade.
The contraband will always keep pace, in some
measure, with the fair trade.
Burke.
Con"tra*band, v. t. 1. To
import illegaly, as prohibited goods; to smuggle.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
2. To declare prohibited; to forbid.
[Obs.]
The law severly contrabands
Our taking business of men's hands.
Hudibras.
Con"tra*band*ism (?), n.
Traffic in contraband gods; smuggling.
Con"tra*band`ist (?), n. One
who traffic illegaly; a smuggler.
Con`tra*bass" (?), n.
(Mus.) Double bass; -- applied to any instrument of
the same deep range as the stringed double bass; as, the
contrabass ophicleide; the cotrabass tuba or
bombardon.
Con`tra*bas"so (?), n. [It.
contrabasso.] (Mus.) The largest
kind of bass viol. See Violone.
Con*tract" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Contracted;
p.pr. & vb.n. Contracting.]
[L. contractus, p.p. of contrahere to
contract; con- + trahere to draw: cf. F.
contracter. See Trace, and cf.
Contract, n.] 1. To draw
together or nearer; to reduce to a less compass; to shorten,
narrow, or lesen; as, to contract one's shpere of
action.
In all things desuetude doth contract and narrow
our faculties.
Dr. H. More.
2. To draw together so as to wrinkle; to
knit.
Thou didst contract and purse thy brow.
Shak.
3. To bring on; to incur; to acquire; as, to
contract a habit; to contract a debt; to
contract a disease.
Each from each contract new strength and light.
Pope.
Such behavior we contract by having much conversed
with persons of high stati
Swift.
4. To enter into, with mutual obligations; to make
a bargain or covenant for.
We have contracted an inviolable amity, peace, and
lague with the aforesaid queen.
Hakluyt.
Many persons . . . had contracted marriage within
the degrees of consanguinity . . . prohibited by law.
Strype.
5. To betroth; to affiance.
The truth is, she and I, long since contracted,
Are now so sure, that nothing can dissolve us.
Shak.
6. (Gram.) To shorten by omitting a
letter or letters or by reducing two or more vowels or syllables
to one.
Syn. -- To shorten; abridge; epitomize; narrow; lessen;
condense; reduce; confine; incur; assume.
Con*tract" (?), v. i. 1.
To be drawn together so as to be diminished in size or
extent; to shrink; to be reduced in compass or in duration;
as, iron contracts in cooling; a rope
contracts when wet.
Years contracting to a moment.
Wordsworth.
2. To make an agreement; to covenant; to agree; to
bargain; as, to contract for carrying the
mail.
Con"tract (?), a. Contracted:
as, a contract verb.
Goodwin.
Con*tract" (?), a. [L.
contractus, p.p.] Contracted; affianced;
betrothed. [Obs.]
Shak.
Con"tract (?), n. [L.
contractus, fr. contrahere: cf. F.
contrat, formerly also contract.]
1. (Law) The agreement of two or more
persons, upon a sufficient consideration or cause, to do, or to
abstain from doing, some act; an agreement in which a party
undertakes to do, or not to do, a particular thing; a formal
bargain; a compact; an interchange of legal rights.
Wharton.
2. A formal writing which contains the agreement of
parties, with the terms and conditions, and which serves as a
proof of the obligation.
3. The act of formally betrothing a man and
woman.
This is the the night of the contract.
Longwellow.
Syn. -- Covenant; agreement; compact; stipulation; bargain;
arrangement; obligation. See Covenant.
Con*tract"ed (?), a. 1.
Drawn together; shrunken; wrinkled; narrow; as, a
contracted brow; a contracted noun.
2. Narrow; illiberal; selfish; as, a
contracted mind; contracted views.
3. Bargained for; betrothed; as, a
contracted peace.
Inquire me out contracted bachelors.
Shak.
Con*tract"ed*ness, n. The state of being
contracted; narrowness; meannes; selfishness.
Con*tract`i*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Capability of being contracted; quality of being
contractible; as, the contractibiliy and
dilatability of air.
Arbuthnot.
Con*tract"i*ble (?), a. Capable
of contraction.
Small air bladders distable and contractible.
Arbuthnot.
Con*tract"i*ble*ness, n.
Contractibility.
Con*tract"ile (?), a. [Cf. F.
contractile.] tending to contract; having
the power or property of contracting, or of shrinking into
shorter or smaller dimensions; as, the contractile
tissues.
The heart's contractile force.
H. Brooke.
Each cilium seems to be composed of contractile
substance.
Hixley.
Contractile vacuole (Zo\'94l.), a
pulsating cavity in the interior of a protozoan, supposed to be
excretory in function. There may be one, two, or more.
Con`trac*til"i*ty (?), n.
1. The quality or property by which bodies shrink
or contract.
2. (Physiol.) The power possessed by the
fibers of living muscle of contracting or shortening.
voluntary
contractility; when not controlled by the will, as in the
muscles of the heart, it is involuntary
contractility.
Con*trac"tion (?), n. [L.
contractio: cf. F. contraction.]
1. The act or process of contracting, shortening,
or shrinking; the state of being contracted; as,
contraction of the heart, of the pupil of the eye, or of
a tendion; the contraction produced by cold.
2. (Math.) The process of shortening an
operation.
3. The act of incurring or becoming subject to, as
liabilities, obligation, debts, etc.; the process of becoming
subject to; as, the contraction of a
disease.
4. Something contracted or abbreviated, as a word
or phrase; -- as, plenipo for
plenipotentiary; crim. con. for
criminal conversation, etc.
5. (Gram.) The shortening of a word, or
of two words, by the omission of a letter or letters, or by
reducing two or more vowels or syllables to one; as,
ne'er for never; can't for
can not; don't for do not;
it's for it is.
6. A marriage contract. [Obs.]
Shak.
Con*trat"ive (?), a. Tending to
contract; having the property or power or power of
contracting.
Con*tract"or (?), n. [L.]
One who contracts; one of the parties to a bargain; one who
covenants to do anything for another; specifically, one who
contracts to perform work on a rather large scale, at a certain
price or rate, as in building houses or making a railroad.
Con*trac"ture (?; 135), n. [L.
contractura a drawing together.]
(Med.) A state of permanent rigidity or
contraction of the muscles, generally of the flexor
muscles.
Con"tra*dance` (?), n. [Pref.
contra- + dance: cf. F.
contrdance. Cf. Country-dance.] A
dance in which the partners are arranged face to face, or in
opposite lines.
Con`tra*dict" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Contradicted;
p.pr. & vb.n Contradicting.]
[L. contradictus, p.p. of contradicere
to speak against; contra + dicere to speak. See
Diction.] 1. To assert the contrary
of; to oppose in words; to take issue with; to gainsay; to deny
the truth of, as of a statement or a speaker; to impugn.
Dear Duff, I prithee, contradict thyself,
And say it is not so.
Shak.
The future can not contradict the past.
Wordsworth.
2. To be contrary to; to oppose; to resist.
[Obs.]
No truth can contradict another truth.
Hooker.
A greater power than we can contradict
Hath thwarted our intents.
Shak.
Con`tra*dict, v. i. To oppose in words;
to gainsay; to deny, or assert the contrary of, something.
They . . . spake against those things which were spoken by
Paul, contradicting and blaspheming.
Acts xiii. 45.
Con`tra*dict"a*ble (?), a.
Capable of being contradicting.
Con`tra*dict"er (?), n. one who
contradicts.
Swift.
Con`tra*dic"tion (?), n. [L.
contradictio answer, objection: cf. F.
contradiction.] 1. An assertion of
the contrary to what has been said or affirmed; denial of the
truth of a statement or assertion; contrary declaration;
gainsaying.
His fair demands
Shall be accomplished without contradiction.
Shak.
2. Direct opposition or repugnancy; inconsistency;
incongruity or contrariety; one who, or that which, is
inconsistent.
can be make deathless death? That were to make
Strange contradiction.
Milton.
We state our experience and then we come to a manly resolution
of acting in contradiction to it.
Burke.
Both parts of a contradiction can not possibly be
true.
Hobbes.
Of contradictions infinite the slave.
Wordsworth.
Principle of contradiction (Logic),
the axiom or law of thought that a thing cannot be
and not be at the same time, or a thing must either be
or not be, or the same attribute can not at the same time be
affirmed and and denied of the same subject. It develops itself
in three specific forms which have been called the \'bdThree
Logical Axioms.\'b8 First. \'bdA is A.\'b8
Second, \'bdA is not Not-A\'b8 Third,
\'bdEverything is either A or Not-A.\'b8
Con`tra*dic"tion*al (?), a.
Contradictory; inconsistent; opposing.
[R.]
Milton.
Con`tra*dic"tions (?), a.
1. Filled with contradictions; inconsistent.
[Obs.]
2. Inclined to contradict or cavil
[Obs.]
Sharp.
-- Con`tra*dic"tious*ness,
n.
Norris.
Con`tra*dict"ive (?), a.
Contradictory; inconsistent. --
Con`tra*dict"ive*ly,
adv..
Con`tra*dict"or (?), n.
[L.] A contradicter.
Con`tra*dict"o*ri*ly (?), adv.
In a contradictory manner.
Sharp.
Con"tra*dict`o*ri*ness, n. The quality
of being contradictory; opposition; inconsistency.
J. Whitaker.
Con`tra*dict"o*ry (?), a. [LL.
contradictorius: cf. F.
contradictoire.] 1. Affirming the
contrary; implying a denial of what has been asserted; also,
mutually contradicting; inconsistent.
\'bdContradictory assertions.\'b8
South.
2. Opposing or opposed; repugnant.
Schemes . . . contradictory to common sense.
Addisn.
Con`tra*dict"o*ry, n.; pl.
Contradictories (. 1. A
proposition or thing which denies or opposes another;
contrariety.
It is common with princes to will
contradictories.
Bacon.
2. pl. (Logic) propositions
with the same terms, but opposed to each other both in quality
and quantity.
Con`tra*dis*tinct" (?), a.
Distinguished by opposite qualities.
J. Goodwin.
Con`tra*dis*tinc"tion (?), n.
Distinction by contrast.
That there are such things as sins of infirmity in
contradistinction to those of presumption is not to be
questioned.
South.
Con`tra*dis*tinc"tive (?), a.
having the quality of contradistinction; distinguishing by
contrast. -- Con`tra*dis*tinc"tive,
n.
Con`tra*dis*tin"guish (?; 144), v. t.
[imp & p. p.
Contradistinguished (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Contradistinguishing.] To
distinguish by a contrast of opposite qualities.
These are our complex ideas of soul and body, as
contradistinguished.
Locke.
Con`tra*fa*get"to (?), n.
[It.] (Mus.) The double bassoon, an
octave deeper than the bassoon.
Con`tra*fis"sure (?; 135), n.
(Med.) A fissure or fracture on the side opposite
to that which received the blow, or at some distance from
it.
Coxe.
Con"tra*hent (?), a. [L.
contrahens, p.pr. See Contract.]
Entering into covenant; contracting; as,
contrahent parties. [Obs.]
Mede.
Con"tra*in"di*cant (?), n.
(Med.) Something, as a symptom, indicating that
the usual mode of treatment is not to be followed.
Burke.
Con"tra*in*"di*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Contraindicated
(?); p.pr. & vb.n. Contraindicating
(?).] (Med.) To indicate, as
by a symptom, some method of treatment contrary to that which the
general tenor of the case would seem to require.
Contraindicating symptoms must be observed.
Harvey.
Con"tra*in`di*ca"tion (?), n.
(med.) An indication or symptom which forbids the
method of treatment usual in such cases.
Con*tral"to (? , n.
[It., fr. contra + alto. See
Alto.] (Mus.) (a) The
part sung by the highest male or lowest female voices; the alto
or counter tenor. (b) the voice or singer
performing this part; as, her voice is a contralto;
she is a contralto.
Con*tral"to (? , a.
(Mus.) Of or pertaining to a contralto, or to the
part in music called contralto; as, a contralto
voice.
Con"tra*mure (?), n. [Cf.
Countermure.] (fort.) An outer
wall. [Obs.]
Chambers.
Con"tra*nat"u*ral (?; 135), a.
[Cf. Counternatural.] Opposed to or
against nature; unnatural. [R.]
Bp. Rust.
Con"tra*po*si"tion (?), n.
[Pref. contra- + position: cf. f.
conterposition.] 1. A placing over
against; opposite position. [Obs.]
F. Potter.
2. (Logic) A so-called immediate
inference which consists in denying the original subject of the
contradictory predicate; e.g.: Every S is P; therefore,
no Not-P is S.
Con`tra*pun"tal (?), a. [It.
contrappunto counterpoint. See
Counterpoint.] (Mus.) Pertaining
to, or according to the rules of, counterpoint.
Con`tra*pun"tist (?), n. [It.
contrappuntista.] (Mus.) One
skilled in counterpoint.
L. Mason.
Con"tra*re*mon"strant (?), n.
One who remonstrates in opposition or answer to a
remonstraint. [R.]
They did the synod wrong to make this distinction of
contraremonstrants and remonstrants.
Hales.
Con*tra"ri*ant (?), a. [LL.
contrarians, p.pr. of contrariare to
oppose, fr. L. contrarius: cf. F.
contrariant, p.pr. of contrarier to
contradict. See Contrary.] Contrary; opposed;
antagonistic; inconsistent; contradictory.
[R.]
The struggles of contrariant factions.
Coleridge.
Con*tra"ri*ant*ly, adv.
Contrarily. [Obs.]
Con"tra*ries (? , n. pl.
[Pl. of Contrary, n.]
(Logic) Propositions which directly and
destructively contradict each other, but of which the falsehood
of one does not establish the truth of the other.
If two universals differ in quality, they are
contraries; as, every vine is a tree; no vine is a
tree. These can never be both true together; but they may be both
false.
I. Watts.
Con`tra*ri"e*ty (?) n.; pl.
Contrarieties (#). [L.
contrarietas: cf. F.
contrari\'82t\'82.] 1. The state
or quality of being contrary; opposition; repugnance;
disagreement; antagonism.
There is a contrariety between those things that
conscience inclines to, and those that entertain the senses.
South.
2. Something which is contrary to, or inconsistent
with, something else; an inconsistency.
How can these contrarieties agree?
Shak.
Syn. -- Inconsistency; discrepancy; repugnance.
Con"tra*ri*ly (?) or (adv. In a contrary manner; in opposition; on the other
side; in opposite ways.
Con"tra*ri*ness, n. state or quality of
being contrary; opposition; inconsistency; contrariety;
perverseness; obstinancy.
Con*tra"ri*ous (?), a. [LL.
contrariosus: cf. OF. contrarios
contralius.] Showing contrariety;
repugnant; perverse. [Archaic]
Milton.
She flew contrarious in the face of God.
Mrs. Browning.
Con*tra"ri*ous*ly, adv. Contrarily;
oppositely.
Shak.
Con"tra*ti*wise (? , adv.
1. On the contrary; oppositely; on the other
hand.
Not rendering evil for evil, or railing for railing; but
contrariwise, blessing.
1 Pet. iii. 9.
2. In a contrary order; conversely.
Everything that acts upon the fluids must, at the same time,
act upon the solids, and contrariwise.
Arbuthnot.
Con`tra*ro*ta"tion (?), n.
Circular motion in a direction contrary to some other
circular motion.
Con"tra*ry (? , a.
[OE. contrarie, contraire, F.
contraire, fr. L. contrarius, fr.
contra. See Contra-.] 1.
Opposite; in an opposite direction; in opposition; adverse;
as, contrary winds.
And if ye walk contrary unto me, and will not
hearken unto me.
Lev. xxvi. 21.
We have lost our labor; they are gone a contrary
way.
Shak.
2. Opposed; contradictory; repugnant;
inconsistent.
Fame, if not double-faced, is double mouthed,
And with contrary blast proclaims most deeds.
Milton.
The doctrine of the earth's motion appeared to be
contrary to the sacred Scripture.
Whewell.
3. Given to opposition; perverse; forward; wayward;
as, a contrary disposition; a contrary
child.
4. (Logic) Affirming the opposite; so
opposed as to destroy each other; as, contrary
propositions.
Contrary motion (Mus.), the
progression of parts in opposite directions, one ascending, the
other descending.
Syn. -- Adverse; repugnant; hostile; inimical; discordant;
inconsistent.
Con"tra*ry, n.; pl.
Contraries (. 1. A thing
that is of contrary or opposite qualities.
No contraries hold more antipathy
Than I and such a knave.
Shak.
2. An opponent; an enemy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
3. the opposite; a proposition, fact, or condition
incompatible with another; as, slender proofs which rather
show the contrary. See Converse,
n., 1.
Locke.
4. (Logic) See
Contraries.
On the contrary, in opposition; on the other
hand. Swift. -- To the contrary, to
an opposite purpose or intent; on the other side. \'bdThey
did it, not for want of instruction to the
contrary.\'b8 Bp. Stillingfleet.
Con"trar*ry, v. t. [F.
contrarier. See Contrary,
a.] To contradict or oppose; to
thwart. [Obs.]
I was advised not to contrary the king.
Bp. Latimer.
Con*trast" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Contrasted;
p.pr. & vb.n. Contrasting.]
[F. contraster, LL. contrastare to
resist, withstand, fr. L. contra + stare to stand. See
Stand.] To stand in opposition; to exhibit
difference, unlikeness, or opposition of qualities.
The joints which divide the sandstone contrast
finely with the divisional planes which separate the basalt into
pillars.
Lyell.
Con*trast", v. t. 1. To set in
opposition, or over against, in order to show the differences
between, or the comparative excellences and defects of; to
compare by difference or contrariety of qualities; as, to
contrast the present with the past.
2. (Fine Arts) To give greater effect
to, as to a figure or other object, by putting it in some
relation of opposition to another figure or object.
the figures of the groups must not be all on side . . . but
must contrast each other by their several
position.
Dryden.
Con"traxt (?), n. [F.
contraste: cf. It. contrasto.]
1. The act of contrasting, or the state of being
contrasted; comparison by contrariety of qualities.
place the prospect of the soul
In sober contrast with reality.
Wordsworth.
2. Opposition or dissimilitude of things or
qualities; unlikeness, esp. as shown by juxtaposition or
comparison.
The contrasts and resemblances of the seasons.
Whewell.
3. (Fine Arts) The opposition of varied
forms, colors, etc., which by such juxtaposition more vividly
express each other's pecularities.
Fairholt.
Con`tra*stim"u*lant (?), a.
Counteracting the effects of stimulants; relating to a
course of medical treatment based on a theory of
contrastimulants. -- n. (Med.)
An agent which counteracts the effect of a
stimulant.
Con"trate (?), a. [See
Contra-.] Having cogs or teeth projecting
parallel to the axis, instead of radiating from it.
[R.]
Contrate wheel. See Crown
wheel.
Con"tra*ten`or (?), n. [Cf.
Counter tenor.] (Mus.) Counter
tenor; contralto.
Con`tra*val*la"tion (?), n.
[Pref. contra- + vallation: cf. F.
contrevallation. Cf. Countervallation.]
(Fort.) A trench guarded with a parapet,
constructed by besiegers, to secure themselves and check sallies
of the besieged.
Con`tra*vene" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Contravened
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Contravening.] [LL.
contravenire; L. contra + venire to come:
cf. F. contrevenir. See Come.]
1. To meet in the way of opposition; to come into
conflict with; to oppose; to contradict; to obstruct the
operation of; to defeat.
So plain a proposition . . . was not likely to be
contravened.
Southey.
2. To violate; to nullify; to be inconsistent with;
as, to contravene a law.
Laws that place the subjects in such a state
contravene the first principles of the compact of
authority.
Johnson.
Syn. -- To contradict; set aside; nullify; defeat; cross;
obstruct; baffle; thwart.
Con`tra*ven"er (?), n. One who
contravenes.
Con`tra*ven"tion (?), n. [Cf.F.
contravention.] The act of contravening;
opposition; obstruction; transgression; violation.
Warrants in contravention of the acts of
Parliament.
Macaulay.
In contravention of all his marriage
stipulations.
Motley.
Con`tra*ver"sion (?), n. A
turning to the opposite side; antistrophe.
Congreve.
Con`tra*yer"va (?), n. [Sp.
contrayerba, literally, a counter herb, hence, an
antidote for poison, fr. l. contra + herba
herb.] (Bot.) A species of
Dorstenia (D. Contrayerva), a South
American plant, the aromatic root of which is sometimes used in
medicine as a gentle stimulant and tonic.
\'d8Con`tre*coup" (?), n. [F.,
fr. contre (L. contra) + coup a
blow.] (med.) A concussion or shock
produced by a blow or other injury, in a part or region opposite
to that at which the blow is received, often causing rupture or
disorganisation of the parts affected.
\'d8Con`tre*temps" (?), n. [F.,
fr. contre (L. conta) + temps
time, fr. L. tempus.] An unexpected and
untoward accident; something inopportune or embarassing; a
hitch.
In this unhappy contretemps.
De Quincey.
Con*trib"u*ta*ble (?), a.
Capable of being contributed.
Con*trib"u*ta*ry (?), a. 1.
Contributory. [R.]
2. Tributary; contributing. [R.]
It was situated on the Ganges, at the place where this river
received a contributary stream.
D'Anville (Trans. ).
Con*trib"ute (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Contributed;
p.pr. & vb.n. Contributing.]
[L. contributus, p.p. of contribuere
to bring together, to add; con- + tribuere
to grant, impart. See Tribute.] To give or
grant i common with others; to give to a common stock or for a
common purpose; to furnish or suply in part; to give (money or
other aid) for a specified object; as, to contribute
food or fuel for the poor.
England contributes much more than any other of the
allies.
Addison.
Con*trib"ute, v. i. 1. To give
a part to a common stock; to lend assistance or aid, or give
something, to a common purpose; to have a share in any act or
effect.
We are engaged in war; the secretary of state calls upon the
colonies to contribute.
Burke.
2. To give or use one's power or influence for any
object; to assist.
These men also contributed to obstruct the progress
of wisdom.
Goldsmith.
Con`tri*bu"tion (?), n. [L.
contributio: cf. F. contribution.]
1. The act of contributing.
2. That which is contributed; -- either the portion
which an individual furnishes to the common stock, or the whole
which is formed by the gifts of individuals.
A certain contribution for the poor saints which
are at jerusalem.
Rom. xv. 26.
Aristotle's actual contributions to the physical
sciences.
Whewell.
<-- p. 316 -->
3. (Mil.) An irregular and arbitrary
imposition or tax leved on the people of a town or country.
These sums, . . . and the forced contributions paid
by luckless peasants, enabled him to keep his straggling troops
together.
Motley.
4. (Law) Payment, by each of several
jointly liable, of a share in a loss suffered or an amount paid
by one of their number for the common benefit.
Con`tri*bu"tion*al (?), a.
Pertaining to, or furnishing, a contribution.
Con*trib"u*tive (?), a.
Contributing, or tending to contribute.
Fuller.
Con*trib"u*ter (?), n. One who,
or that which, contributes; specifically, one who writes articles
for a newspaper or magazine.
Con*trib"u*to*ry (?), a.
Contributing to the same stock or purpose; promoting the
same end; bringing assistance to some joint design, or increase
to some common stock; contributive.
Milton.
Bonfires of contributory wood.
Chapman.
Contributory negligence (Law),
negligence by an injured party, which combines with the
negligence of the injurer in producing the injury, and which bars
recovery when it is the proximate cause of the injury.
Wharton.
Con*trib"u*to*ry, n.; pl.
Contributories (. One who
contributes, or is liable to be called upon to contribute, as
toward the discharge of a common indebtedness.
Abbott.
Con*trist" (?), v. t. [Cf. F.
contrister. See Contristate.] To
make sad. [Obs.]
To deject and contrist myself.
Sterne.
Con*tris"tate (?), v. t. & i.
[L. contristatus, p.p. of contristare
to sadden; con- + tristis sad.]
To make sorrowful. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Con"trite (?; 277), a. [L.
contritus bruised, p. p. of contrere to
grind, bruise; con- + terere to rub, grind:
cf. F. contrit See Trite.] 1.
Thoroughly bruised or broken. [Obs.]
2. Broken down with grief and penitence; deeply
sorrowful for sin because it is displeasing to God; humbly and
thoroughly penitent.
A contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise.
Ps. li. 17.
Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite.
Milton.
Syn. -- Penitent; repentant; humble; sorrowful.
Con"trite, n. A contrite person.
Hooker.
Con"trite, v. In a contrite
manner.
Con"trite`ness, n. Deep sorrow and
penitence for sin; contrition.
Con*tri"tion (?), n. [F.
contrition, L. contritio.]
1. The act of grinding or ribbing to powder;
attrition; friction; rubbing. [Obs.]
The breaking of their parts into less parts by
contrition.
Sir I. Newton.
2. The state of being contrite; deep sorrow and
repentance for sin, because sin is displeasing to God; humble
penitence; through repentance.
My future days shall be one whole contrition.
Dryden.
Syn. -- repentance; penitence; humiliation; compunction;
self-reproach; remorse. -- Contrition,
Attrition, repentance. -- Contrition
is deep sorrow and self-condemnation, with through repetance for
sin because it is displeasing to God, and implies a feeling of
love toward God. Attrition is sorrow for sin, or
imperfect repentance produced by fear of punishment or a sense of
the baseness of sin. Repentance is a penitent
renunciation of, and turning from, sin; thorough repentance
produces a new life. Repentance is often used as
synonymous with contrition. See
Compunction.
Con*trit"u*rate (?; 135), v. t.
To triturate; to pulverize. [R.]
Con*triv"*ble (?), a. Capable
of being contrived, planned, invented, or devised.
A perpetual motion may seem easily contrivable.
Bp. Wilkins.
Con*triv"ance (?), n. 1.
The act or faculty of contriving, inventing, devising, or
planning.
The machine which we are inspecting demonstrates, by its
construction, contrivance and design.
Contrivance must have had a contriver.
Paley.
2. The thing contrived, invented, or planned;
disposition of parts or causes by design; a scheme; plan;
atrifice; arrangement.
Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to
provide for human wants.
Burke.
Syn. -- Device; plan; scheme; invention; machine; project;
design; artifice; shift. See Device.
Con*trive" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Contrived
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Contriving.] [OE. contriven,
contreven, controven, to invent, OF.
controver, contruver; con- +
trouver to find. See Troubadour,
trover.] To form by an exercise of ingenuity;
to devise; to invent; to design; to plan.
What more likely to contrive this admirable frame
of the universe than infinite wisdom.
Tillotson.
neither do thou imagine that I shall contrive aught
against his life.
Hawthorne.
Syn. -- To invent; discover; plan; design; project; plot;
concert; hatch.
Con*trive", v. i. To make devices; to
form designs; to plan; to scheme; to plot.
The Fates with traitors do contrive.
Shak.
Thou hast contrived against th very life
Of the defendant.
Shak.
Con*trive"ment (?), n.
Contrivance; invention; arrangement; design; plan.
[Obs.]
Consider the admirable contrivement and artifice of
this great fabric.
Glanvill.
Active to meet their contrivements.
Sir G. Buck.
Con*triv"er (?), n. One who
contrives, devises, plans, or schemas.
Swift.
Con*trol" (?), n. [F.
contr\'93le a counter register, contr. fr.
contr-r\'93le; contre (L.
contra) + r\'93le roll, catalogue. See
Counter and Roll, and cf.
Counterroll.] 1. A duplicate book,
register, or account, kept to correct or check another account or
register; a counter register. [Obs.]
Johnson.
2. That which serves to check, restrain, or hinder;
restraint. \'bdSpeak without control.\'b8
Dryden.
3. Power or authority to check or restrain;
restraining or regulating influence; superintendence; government;
as, children should be under parental
control.
The House of Commons should exercise a control over
all the departments of the executive administration.
Macaulay.
Board of control. See under
Board.
Con*trol", v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Controlled (?); p.pr. &
vb.n. Controlling.] [F.
contr\'93ler, fr. contr\'93le.]
[Formerly written comptrol and
controul.] 1. To check by a
counter register or duplicate account; to prove by counter
statements; to confute. [Obs.]
This report was controlled to be false.
Fuller.
2. To exercise restraining or governing influence
over; to check; to counteract; to restrain; to regulate; to
govern; to overpower.
Give me a staff of honor for mine age,
But not a scepter to control the world.
Shak.
I feel my virtue struggling in my soul:
But stronger passion does its power control.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To restrain; rule; govern; manage; guide; regulate;
hinder; direct; check; curb; counteract; subdue.
Con*trol`la*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Capability of being controlled; controllableness.
Con*trol"la*ble (?), a. Capable
of being controlled, checked, or restrained; amenable to
command.
Passion is the drunkeness of the mind, and, therefore, . . .
not always controllable by reason.
South.
Con*trol"la*ble*ness, n. Capability of
being controlled.
Con*trol"ler (?), n. [From
control, v.t.: cf. F. contr\'93leur.]
1. One who, or that which, controls or restraines;
one who has power or authority to regulate or control; one who
governs.
The great controller of our fate
Deigned to be man, and lived in low estate.
Dryden.
2. An officer appointed to keep a counter register
of accounts, or to examine, rectify, or verify accounts.
[More commonly written controller.]
3. (Naut.) An iron block, usually bolted
to a ship's deck, for controlling the running out of a chain
cable. The links of the cable tend to drop into hollows in the
block, and thus hold fast until disengaged.
Con*trol"ler*ship, n. The office of a
controller.
Con*trol"ment (?), n. 1.
The power or act of controlling; the state of being
rstrained; control; restraint; regulation; superintendence.
You may do it without controlment.
Shak.
2. Opposition; resistance; hostility.
[Obs.]
Here have we war for war, and blood for blood,
Controlment for controlment.
Shak.
Con`tro*ver"sal (?), a. 1.
Turning or looking opposite ways. [Obs.]
The temple of Janus, with his two controversal
faces.
Milton.
2. Controversal. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Con`tro*ver"sa*ry (?), a.
Controversial. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Con"tro*verse (?), n. [Cf. F.
controverse.] Controversy.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Con"tro*verse, v. t. [L.
controversari, fr. controversus turned
against, disputed.] To dispute; to controvert.
[Obs.] \'bdControversed causes.\'b8
Hooker.
Con"tro*ver`ser (?), n. A
disputant. [Obs.]
Con`tro*ver"sial (?), a. [Cf.
LL. controversialis.] Relating to, or
consisting of, controversy; disputatious; polemical; as,
controversial divinity.
Whole libraries of controversial books.
Macaulay.
Con`tro*ver"sial*ist, n. One who carries
on a controversy; a disputant.
He [Johnson] was both intellectually and morally of the stuff
of which controversialists are made.
Macaulay.
Con`tro*ver"sial*ly, adv. In a
controversial manner.
Con`tro*ver"sion (?), n. Act of
controverting; controversy. [Obs.]
Hooker.
Con"tro*ver`sor (?), n. A
controverser. [Obs.]
Con"tro*ver`sy (?), n.; pl.
Controversies (#). [L.
controversia, fr. controversus turned
against, disputed; contro- = contra +
versus, p.p. of vertere to turn. See
Verse.] 1. Contention; dispute;
debate; discussion; agitation of contrary opinions.
This left no room for controversy about the
title.
Locke.
A dispute is commonly oral, and a controversy in
writing.
Johnson.
2. Quarrel; strife; cause of variance;
difference.
The Lord hath a controversy with the nations.
Jer. xxv. 31.
3. A suit in law or equity; a question of
right. [Obs.]
When any man that had a controversy came to the
king for judgment.
2 Sam. xv. 2.
Syn. -- Dispute; debate; disputation; disagreement;
altercation; contention; wrangle; strife; quarrel.
Con"tro*vert (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Controverted;
p.pr. & vb.n. Controverting.]
[See Controversy.] To make matter of
controversy; to dispute or oppose by reasoning; to contend
against in words or writings; to contest; to debate.
Some controverted points had decided according to
the sense of the best jurists.
Macaulay.
Con"tro*ver`ter (?), n. One who
controverts; a controversial writer; a controversialist.
Some controverters in divinity are like swaggerers
in a tavern.
B. Jonson.
Con`tro*ver"ti*ble (?), a.
Capable of being controverted; disputable; admitting of
question. -- Con`tro*ver"ti*bly,
adv.
Con"tro*ver`tist (?), n. One
skilled in or given to controversy; a controversialist.
How unfriendly is the controvertist to the
discernment of the critic!
Campbell.
{ Con*tu"ber*nal (?),
Con`tu*ber"ni*al (?) }, a.
[L. contubernalis a tent companion, fr.
contubernium tent companionship.] Living or
messing together; familiar; in companionship.
Humble folk ben Christes friends: they ben
contubernial with the Lord, thy King.
Chaucer.
Con`tu*ma"cious (?), a. [L.
contumax, -acis. See
Contumacy.] 1. Exhibiting contumacy;
contemning authority; obstinate; perverse; stubborn;
disobedient.
There is another very, efficacious method for subding the most
obstinate, contumacious sinner.
Hammond.
2. (Law) Willfully disobedient to the
summous or prders of a court.
Blackstone.
Syn. -- Stubborn; obstinate; obdurate; disobedient;
perverse; unyielding; headstrong.
-- Con`tu*ma"cious*ly, adv. --
Con`tu*ma"cious*ness, n.
Con"tu*ma*cy (?), n.; pl.
Contumacies (#). [L.
contumacia, fr. contumax, -acis,
insolent; prob. akin to contemnere to despise: cf. F.
contumace. Cf. Contemn.] 1.
Stubborn perverseness; pertinacious resistance to
authority.
The bishop commanded him . . . to be thrust into the stocks
for his manifest and manifold contumacy.
Strype.
2. (Law) A willful contempt of, and
disobedience to, any lawful summons, or to the rules and orders
of court, as a refusal to appear in court when legally
summoned.
Syn. -- Stubbornness; perverseness; obstinacy.
Con`tu*me"li*ous (?, a.
[L. contumeliosus.] 1.
Exhibiting contumely; rudely contemptuous; insolent;
disdainful.
Scoffs, and scorns, and contumelious taunts.
Shak.
Curving a contumelious lip.
Tennyson.
2. Shameful; disgraceful. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
-- Con`tu*me"li*ous*ly, adv. --
Con`tu*me"li*ous*ness, n.
Con"tu*me*ly (?), n. [L.
contumelia, prob. akin to contemnere to
despise: cf. OF. contumelie. Cf.
Contumacy.] Rudeness compounded of
haughtiness and contempt; scornful insolence; despiteful
treatment; disdain; contemptuousness in act or speech;
disgrace.
The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's
contumely.
Shak.
Nothing aggravates tyranny so much as
contumely.
Burke.
Con*tuse" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Contused
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Contusing.] [L. contusus,
p.p. of contundere to beat, crush; con- +
tundere to beat, akin to Skr. tud (for
stud) to strike, Goth. stautan. See
Stutter.] 1. To beat, pound, or
together.
Roots, barks, and seeds contused together.
Bacon.
2. To bruise; to injure or disorganize a part
without breaking the skin.
Contused wound, a wound attended with
bruising.
Con*tu"sion (?), n. [L.
contusio: cf. F. contusion.]
1. The act or process of beating, bruising, or
pounding; the state of being beaten or bruised.
2. (Med.) A bruise; an injury attended
with more or less disorganization of the subcutaneous tissue and
effusion of blood beneath the skin, but without apparent
wound.
Co*nun"drum (?), n. [Origin
unknown.] 1. A kind of riddle based upon some
fanciful or fantastic resemblance between things quite unlike; a
puzzling question, of which the answer is or involves a
pun.
Or pun ambiguous, or conundrum quaint.
J. Philips.
2. A question to which only a conjectural answer
can be made.
Do you think life is long enough to let me speculate on
conundrums like that?
W. Black.
Co*nure" (?), n. [NL.
conurus, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
An American parrakeet of the genus Conurus. Many
species are known. See Parrakeet.
\'d8Co"nus (?), n. [L., a
cone.] 1. A cone.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A Linnean genus of
mollusks having a conical shell. See Cone,
n., 4.
Con"u*sa*ble (?), a.
Cognizable; liable to be tried or judged.
[Obs.]
Bp. Barlow.
Con"u*sant (?), a. (Law)
See Cognizant.
Con`u*sor" (?), n. (Law)
See Cognizor.
Con`va*lesce" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Convalesced
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Convalescing.] [L.
convalscere; con- + valescere to
grow strong, v. incho. of valere to be strong. See
Vallant.] To recover health and strength
gradually, after sickness or weakness; as, a patient begins
to convalesce.
Con`va*lesced" (?), a.
Convalescent. [R.]
He found the queen somewhat convalesced.
J. Knox.
{ Con`va*les"cence (?),
Con`va*les"cen*cy (?) }, n.
[L. convalescentia: cf. F.
convalescence.] The recovery of heath and
strength after disease; the state of a body renewing its vigor
after sickness or weakness; the time between the subsidence of a
disease and complete restoration to health.
Con`va*les"cent (?), a. [L.
convalescens, -entis, p.pr.: cf. F.
convalescent.] 1. Recovering from
siclness or debility; partially restored to health or
strength.
2. Of or pertaining to convalescence.
Con`va*les"cent, n. One recovering from
sickness.
Con`va*les"cent*ly, adv. In the manner
of a convalescent; with increasing strength or vigor.
Con*val"la*ma`rin (?), n.
[Convalaria + L. amarus bitter.]
(Chem.) A white, crystalline, poisonous
substance, regarded as a glucoside, extracted from the lily of
the valley (Convallaria Majalis). Its taste is first
bitter, then sweet.
\'d8Con`val*la"ri*a (?), n.
[NL., from L. convallis a valley; con-
+ vallis valley.] (Bot. & Med.)
The lily of the valley.
Con`val*la"rin (?), n.
(Chem.) A white, crystalline glucoside, of an
irritating taste, extracted from the convallaria or lily of the
valley.
Con*vec"tion (?), n. [L.
convectio, fr. convehere to bring together;
con- + vehere to carry.] 1.
The act or process of conveying or transmitting.
2. (Physics) A process of transfer or
transmission, as of heat or electricity, by means of currents in
liquids or gases, resulting from changes of temperature and other
causes.
Liquids are generally heated by convection -- when
heat is applied from bellow.
Nichol.
Con*vec"tive (?), a. Caused or
accomplished by convection; as, a convective
discharge of electricity.
Faraday.
Con*vec"tive*ly, adv. In a convective
manner.
Hare.
Con*vel"lent (?), a. [L.
convellens, p.pr. of convellere. See
Convulse.] Tending to tear or pull up.
[Obs.]
The ends of the fragment . . . will not yield to the
convellent force.
Todd & Bowman.
Con*ven"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being convened or assembled.
Con"ve*na*ble (?), a. [F.
convenable, fr. convenir. See
Convene.] Consistent; accordant; suitable;
proper; as, convenable remedies.
[Obs.]
With his wod his work is convenable.
Spenser.
Con"ve*nance (?), n. [F.,
fitness, suitableness.] That which is suitable,
agreeable, or convenient.
And they missed
Their wonted convenance, cheerly hid the loss.
Emerson.
Con*vene" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Convened
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Convenong.] [L. convenire;
con- + venire to come: cf. F.
convenir to agree, to be fitting, OF. also, to
assemble. See Come, and cf. Covenant.]
1. To come together; to meet; to unite.
[R.]
In shortsighted men . . . the rays converge and
convene in the eyes before they come at the
bottom.
Sir I. Newton.
2. To come together, as in one body or for a public
purpose; to meet; to assemble.
Locke.
The Parliament of Scotland now convened.
Sir R. Baker.
Faint, underneath, the household fowls convene.
Thomson.
Syn. -- To meet; to assemble; to congregate; to collect; to
unite.
Con*vene", v. t. 1. To cause to
assemble; to call together; to convoke.
And now the almighty father of the gods
Convenes a council in the blest abodes.
Pope.
2. To summon judicially to meet or appear.
By the papal canon law, clerks . . . can not be
convened before any but an ecclesiastical judge.
Ayliffe.
Con*ven"er (?), n. 1.
One who convenes or meets with others.
[Obs.]
2. One who calls an assembly together or convenes a
meeting; hence, the chairman of a committee or other organized
body. [Scot.]
{ Con*ven"ience (?; 106),
Con*ven"ien*cy (?) }, n.
[L. convenientia agreement, fitness. See
Convenient.] 1. The state or quality
of being convenient; fitness or suitableness, as of place, time,
etc.; propriety.
Let's futher think of this;
Weigh what convenience both of time and means
May fit us to our shape.
Shak.
With all brief and plain conveniency,
Let me have judgment.
Shak.
2. Freedom from discomfort, difficulty, or trouble;
commodiousness; ease; accommodation.
Thus necessity invented stools,
Convenience next suggested elbow chairs.
Cowper.
We are rather intent upon the end of God's glory than our own
conveniency.
Jer. Taylor.
3. That which is convenient; that which promotes
comfort or advantage; that which is suited to one's wants; an
accommodation.
A pair of spectacles and several other little
conveniences.
Swift.
4. A convenient or fit time; opportunity; as,
to do something at one's convenience.
Con*ven"ient (?; 277), a. [L.
conveniens, -entis, suitable, p.pr. of
convenire to be suitable, to come. See
Convene, v. i.] 1. Fit or
adapted; suitable; proper; becoming; appropriate.
[Archaic]
Feed me with food convenient for me.
Prov. xxx. 8.
Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which
are not convenient.
Eph. v. 4.
2. Affording accommodation or advantage; well
adapted to use; handly; as, a convenient house;
convenient implements or tools.
3. Seasonable; timely; opportune; as, a
convenient occasion; a convenient
season.
Acts xxiv. 25.
4. Near at hand; easy of access.
[Colloq.]
Hereties used to be brought thither, convenient for
burning.
Thackeray.
Syn. -- Fit; suitable; proper; adapted; fitted; suited;
handly; commodious.
Con*ven"ient*ly, adv. In a convenient
manner, form, or situation; without difficulty.
Con"vent (?), n. [L.
conventus a meeting, LL. also, a convent. See
Convene, v. i.] 1. A
coming together; a meeting. [Obs.]
A usual ceremony at their [the witches] convents or
meetings.
B. Jonson.
2. An association or community of recluses devoted
to a religious life; a body of monks or nuns.
One of our convent, and his [the duke's]
confessor.
Shak.
3. A house occupied by a community of religious
recluses; a monastery or nunnery.
One seldom finds in Italy a spot of ground more agreeable than
ordinary that is not covered with a convent.
Addison.
Syn. -- Nunnery; monastery; abbey. See
Cloister.
Con*vent" (?), v. i. [L.
conventus, p.p. of convenire. See
Convene, v. i.] 1. To
meet together; to concur. [obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
2. To be convenient; to serve.
[Obs.]
When that is known and golden time convents.
Shak.
Con*vent" (?), v. t. To call
before a judge or judicature; to summon; to convene.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Con*vent"ic*al (?), a. Of or
from, or pertaining to, a convent.
\'bdConventical wages.\'b8
Sterne.
Conventical prior. See
Prior.
Con*ven"ti*cle (?), n. [L.
conventiculum, dim. of conventus: cf. F.
conventicule. See Convent,
n.] 1. A small assembly or
gathering; esp., a secret assembly.
They are commanded to abstain from all conventicles
of men whatsoever.
Ayliffe.
2. An assembly for religious worship; esp., such an
assembly held privately, as in times of persecution, by
Nonconformists or Dissenters in England, or by Covenanters in
Scotland; -- often used opprobriously, as if those assembled were
heretics or schismatics.
The first Christians could never have had recourse to
nocturnal or clandestine conventicles till driven to
them by the violence of persecution.
Hammond.
A sort of men who . . . attend its [the curch of England's]
service in the morning, and go with their wives to a
conventicle in the afternoon.
Swift.
Con*ven"ti*cler (?), n. One who
supports or frequents conventicles.
Dryden.
Con*ven"ti*cling (?), a.
Belonging or going to, or resembling, a conventicle.
[Obs.]
Conventicling schools . . . set up and taught
secretly by fanatics.
South.
Con*ven"tion (?), n. [L.
conventio: cf. F. convention. See
Convene, v. i.] 1. The
act of coming together; the state of being together; union;
coalition.
The conventions or associations of several
particles of matter into bodies of any certain denomination.
Boyle.
2. General agreement or concurrence; arbitrary
custom; usage; conventionality.
There are thousands now
Such women, but convention beats them down.
Tennyson.
3. A meeting or an assembly of persons, esp. of
delegates or representatives, to accomplish some specific object,
-- civil, social, political, or ecclesiastical.
He set himself to the making of good laws in a grand
convention of his nobles.
Sir R. Baker.
A convention of delegates from all the States, to
meet in Philadelphia, for the sole and express purpose of
reserving the federal system, and correcting its defects.
W. Irving.
4. (Eng. Hist) An extraordinary assembly
of the parkiament or estates of the realm, held without the
king's writ, -- as the assembly which restored Charles II. to the
throne, and that which declared the throne to be abdicated by
James II.
Our gratitude is due . . . to the Long Parliament, to the
Convention, and to William of Orange.
Macaulay.
5. An agreement or contract less formal than, or
preliminary to, a traety; an informal compact, as between
commanders of armies in respect to suspension of hostilities, or
between states; also, a formal agreement between governments or
sovereign powers; as, a postal convetion between two
governments.
This convention, I think from my soul, is nothing
but a stipulation for national ignominy; a truce without a
suspension of hostilities.
Ld. Chatham.
The convention with the State of georgia has been
ratified by their Legislature.
T. Jefferson.
Con*ven"tion*al (?), a. [L.
conventionalis: cf. F.
conventionnel.] 1. Formed by
agreement or compact; stipulated.
Conventional services reserved by tenures upon
grants, made out of the crown or knights' service.
Sir M. Hale.
2. Growing out of, or depending on, custom or tacit
agreement; sanctioned by general concurrence or usage;
formal. \'bdConventional decorum.\'b8
Whewell.
The conventional language appropriated to
monarchs.
Motley.
The ordinary salutations, and other points of social behavior,
are conventional.
Latham.
3. (Fine Arts) (a) Based upon
tradition, whether religious and historical or of artistic
rules. (b) Abstracted; removed from close
representation of nature by the deliberate selection of what is
to be represented and what is to be rejected; as, a
conventional flower; a conventional shell.
Cf. Conventionalize, v. t.
Con*ven"tion*al*ism (?), n.
1. That which is received or established by
convention or arbitrary agreement; that which is in accordance
with the fashion, tradition, or usage.
All the artifice and conventionalism of life.
Hawthorne.
They gaze on all with dead, dim eyes, -- wrapped in
conventionalisms, . . . simulating feelings according
to a received standart.
F. W. Robertson.
2. (Fine Arts) The principles or
practice of conventionalizing. See Conventionalize,
v. t.
Con*ven"tion*al*ist, n. 1. One
who adheres to a convention or treaty.
2. One who is governed by conventionalism.
Con*ven`tion*al"i*ty (?), n.;
pl. Conventionalities (.
The state of being conventional; adherence to social
formalities or usages; that which is established by conventional
use; one of the customary usages of social life.
Con*ven`tion*al*i*za"tion (?), n.
(Fine Arts) (a) The act of making
conventional. (b) The state of being
conventional.
Con*ven"tion*al*izw (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Conventionalized
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Conventionalizing.] 1. To make
conventional; to bring under the influence of, or cause to
conform to, conventional rules; to establish by usage.
2. (Fine Arts) (a) To represent
by selecting the important features and those which are
expressible in the medium employed, and omitting the
others. (b) To represent according to an
established principle, whether religious or traditional, or based
upon certain artistic rules of supposed importance.
Con*ven"tion*al*ize (?), v. i.
(Fine Arts) To make designs in art, according to
conventional principles. Cf. Conventionalize, v.
t., 2.
Con*ven"tion*ali*ly, adv. In a
conventional manner.
Con*ven"tion*a*ry (?), a.
Acting under contract; settled by express agreement; as,
conventionary tenants. [Obs.]
R. Carew.
Con*ven"tion*er (?), n. One who
belongs to a convention or assembly.
Con*ven"tion*ist (?), n. One
who enters into a convention, covenant, or contract.
Con*ven"tu*al (?; 135), a. [LL.
conventualis: cf. F. conventuel.]
Of or pertaining to a convent; monastic. \'bdA
conventual garb.\'b8
Macaulay.
Conventual church, a church attached or
belonging to a convent or monastery.
Wordsworth.
Con*ven"tu*al, n. One who lives in a
convent; a monk or num; a recluse.
Addison.
Con*verge" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Converged
(?); p.pr. & vb.n. Converging
(?).] [Pref. con- + L.
vergere to turn, incline; cf. F. converger.
See Verge, v. i.] To tend to one
point; to incline and approach nearer together; as, lines
converge.
The mountains converge into a single ridge.
Jefferson.
Con*verge", v. t. To cause to tend to
one point; to cause to incline and approach nearer
together.
I converge its rays to a focus of dazzling
brilliancy.
Tyndall.
{ Con*ver"gence (?),
Con*ver"gen*cy (?) }, n.
[Cf. F. convergence.] The condition or
quality of converging; tendency to one point.
The convergence or divergence of the rays falling
on the pupil.
Berkeley.
Con*ver"gent (?), a. [Cf. F.
convergent.] tending to one point of focus;
tending to approach each other; converging.
As many rays of light, as conveniently can be let in, and made
convergent.
Boyle.
The vast dome of its cathedral . . . directing its
convergent curves to heaven.
Hallam.
Con*ver"ging (?), a. Tending to
one point; approaching each other; convergent; as,
converging lines.
Whewell.
Converging rays(Opt.), rays of
light, which, proceeding from different points of an object, tend
toward a single point. -- Converging series
(Math.), a series in which if an indefinitely
great number of terms be taken, their sum will become
indefinitely near in value to a fixed quantity, which is called
the sum of the series; -- opposed to a
diverging series.
Con*vers"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
conversable.] Qualified for conversation;
disposed to converse; sociable; free in discourse.
While young, humane, conversable, and kind.
Cowper.
Con*vers"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being conversable; disposition to converse; sociability.
Con*vers"a*bly, adv. In a conversable
manner.
Con"ver*sance (?), n. The state
or quality of being conversant; habit of familiarity; familiar
acquaintance; intimacy. [R.]
Con"ver*san*cy (?), n.
Conversance [R.]
Con"ver*sant (?), a. [L.
conversans, p.pr. of conversari: cf. F.
conversant.] 1. Having frequent or
customary intercourse; familiary associated; intimately
acquainted.
I have been conversant with the first persons of
the age.
Dryden.
2. Familiar or acquainted by use or study;
well-informed; versed; -- generally used with with,
sometimes with in.
Deeply conversant in the Platonic philosophy.
Dryden.
he uses the different dialects as one who had been
conversant with them all.
Pope.
Conversant only with the ways of men.
Cowper.
3. Concerned; occupied.
Education . . . is conversant about children.
W. Wotton.
Con*vers"ant (?), n. One who
converses with another; a convenser. [R.]
Con"ver*sant*ly (?), adv. In a
familiar manner.
Con`ver*sa"tion (?), n. [OE.
conversacio (in senses 1 & 2), OF.
conversacion, F. conversation, fr. L.
conversatio frequent abode in a place, intercourse,
LL. also, manner of life.] 1. General course
of conduct; behavior. [Archaic]
Let your conversation be as it becometh the
gospel.
Philip. i. 27.
2. Familiar intercourse; intimate fellowship or
association; close acquaintance.
\'bdConversation with the best company.\'b8
Dryden.
I set down, out of long experience in business and much
conversation in books, what I thought pertinent to
this business.
Bacon.
3. Commerce; intercourse; traffic.
[Obs.]
All traffic and mutual conversation.
Hakluyt.
4. Colloqual discourse; oral interchange of
sentiments and observations; informal dialogue.
The influence exercised by his [Johnson's]
conversation was altogether without a parallel.
Macaulay.
5. Sexual intercourse; as, criminal
conversation.
Syn. -- Intercourse; communion; commerce; familiarity;
discourse; dialogue; colloque; talk; chat. --
Conversation, Talk. There is a looser sense of
these words, in which they are synonymous; there is a stricter
sense, in which they differ. Talk is usually broken,
familiar, and versatile. Conversation is more
continuous and sustained, and turns ordinarily upon topics or
higher interest. Children talk to their parents or to
their companions; men converse together in mixed
assemblies. Dr. Johnson once remarked, of an evening spent in
society, that there had been a great deal of talk, but
no conversation.
<-- p. 318 -->
Con`ver*sa"tion*al (?), a.
Pertaining to conversation; in the manner of one conversing;
as, a conversational style.
Thackeray.
Con`ver*sa"tion*al*ist, n. A
conversationist.
Conver*sa"tioned (?), a.
Acquainted with manners and deportment; behaved.
[Obs.]
Till she be better conversationed, . . . I'll keep
As far from her as the gallows.
Beau. & Fl.
Con`ver*sa"tion*ism (?), n. A
word or phrase used in conversation; a colloqualism.
Con`ver*sa"tion*ist, n. One who
converses much, or who excels in conversation.
Byron.
Con*ver"sa*tive (?), a.
Relating to intercourse with men; social; -- opposed to
contemplative.
She chose . . . to endue him with the conversative
qualities of youth.
Sir H. Wotton.
\'d8Con`ver*sa`zi-o"ne (?,
n.; pl. Conversazioni
(#). [It. See Conversation.]
A meeting or assembly for conversation, particularly on
literary or scientific subjects.
Gray.
These conversazioni [at Florence] resemble our card
assemblies.
A. Drummond.
Con*verse" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Conversed
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Conversing.] [F. converser,
L. conversari to associate with; con- +
versari to be turned, to live, remain, fr.
versare to turn often, v. intens. of
vertere to turn See Convert.]
1. To keep company; to hold intimate intercourse;
to commune; -- followed by with.
To seek the distant hills, and there converse
With nature.
Thomson.
Conversing with the world, we use the world's
fashions.
Sir W. Scott.
But to converse with heaven -
This is not easy.
Wordsworth.
2. To engage, in familiar colloqui; to interchange
thoughts and opinions in a free, informal manner; to chat; --
followed by with before a person; by on,
about, concerning, etc., before a
thing.
Companions
That do converse and waste the time together.
Shak.
We had conversed so often on that subject.
Dryden.
3. To have knowledge of, from long intercourse or
study; -- said of things.
According as the objects they converse with afford
greater or less variety.
Locke.
Syn. -- To associate; commune; discourse; talk; chat.
Con"verse (?), n. 1.
Frequent intercourse; familiar communion; intimate
association.
Glanvill.
\'bdT is but to hold
Converse with Nature's charms, and view her stores
unrolled.
Byron.
2. Familiar discourse; free interchange of thoughts
or views; conversation; chat.
Formed by thy converse happily to steer
From grave to gay, from lively to severe.
Pope.
Con"verse, a. [L.
conversus, p.p. of convertere. See
Convert.] Turned about; reversed in order or
relation; reciprocal; as, a converse
proposition.
Con"verse, n. 1. (Logic)
A proposition which arises from interchanging the terms of
another, as by putting the predicate for the subject, and the
subject for the predicate; as, no virtue is vice, no vice is
virtue.
contrary or opposite of a proposition,
which is formed by introducing the negative not or
no.
2. (Math.) A proposition in which, after
a conclusion from something supposed has been drawn, the order is
inverted, making the conclusion the supposition or premises, what
was first supposed becoming now the conclusion or inference.
Thus, if two sides of a sides of a triangle are equal, the angles
opposite the sides are equal; and the converse is
true, i.e., if these angles are equal, the two sides are
equal.
Con"verse*ly (? , adv.
In a converse manner; with change of order or relation;
reciprocally.
J. S. Mill.
Con*vers"er (?), n. One who
engages in conversation.
Con*ver"si*ble (?), a. Capable
of being converted or reversed.
Hammond.
Con*ver"sion (?), n. [L.
conversio: cf. F. conversion. See
Convert.] 1. The act of turning or
changing from one state or condition to another, or the state of
being changed; transmutation; change.
Artificial conversion of water into ice.
Bacon.
The conversion of the aliment into fat.
Arbuthnot.
2. The act of changing one's views or course, as in
passing from one side, party, or from of religion to another;
also, the state of being so changed.
\'bdConversion to Christianity.\'b8
Prescott.
3. (Law) An appropriation of, and
dealing with the property of another as if it were one's own,
without right; as, the conversion of a
horse.
Or bring my action of conversion
And trover for my goods.
Hudibras.
4. (Logic) The act of interchanging the
terms of a proposition, as by putting the subject in the place of
the predicate, or the contrary.
5. (Math.) A change or reduction of the
form or value of a proposition; as, the conversion
of equations; the conversion of proportions.
6. (Mil.) (a) A change of
front, as a body of troops attacked in the flank.
(b) A change of character or use, as of smoothbore
guns into rifles.
7. (Theol.) A spiritual and moral change
attending a change of belief with conviction; a change of heart;
a change from the service of the world to the service of God; a
change of the ruling disposition of the soul, involving a
transformation of the outward life.
He oft
Frequented their assemblies, . . . and to them preached
Conversion and repentance, as to souls
In prison under judgments imminent.
Milton.
Con*ver"sive (?), a. 1.
Capable of being converted or changed.
2. Ready to converse; social.
[Archaic]
Feltham.
Con*vert" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Converted; p.pr.
& vb.n. Converting.] [L.
convertere, -versum; con- +
vertere to turn: cf. F. convertir. See
Verse.] 1. To cause to turn; to
turn. [Obs.]
O, which way shall I first convert myself?
B. Jonson.
2. To change or turn from one state or condition to
another; to alter in form, substance, or quality; to transform;
to transmute; as, to convert water into
ice.
If the whole atmosphere were converted into
water.
T. Burnet.
That still lessens
The sorrow, and converts it nigh to joy.
Milton.
3. To change or turn from one belief or course to
another, as from one religion to another or from one party or
sect to another.
No attempt was made to convert the Moslems.
Prescott.
4. To produce the spiritual change called
conversion in (any one); to turn from a bad life to a good one;
to change the heart and moral character of (any one) from the
controlling power of sin to that of holiness.
He which converteth the sinner from the error of
his way shall save a soul from death.
Lames v. 20.
5. To apply to any use by a diversion from the
proper or intended use; to appropriate dishonestly or
illegally.
When a bystander took a coin to get it changed, and
converted it, [it was] held no larceny.
Cooley.
6. To exchange for some specified equivalent;
as, to convert goods into money.
7. (Logic) To change (one proposition)
into another, so that what was the subject of the first becomes
the predicate of the second.
8. To turn into another language; to
translate. [Obs.]
Which story . . . Catullus more elegantly
converted.
B. Jonson.
Converted guns, cast-iron guns lined with
wrought-iron or steel tubes. Farrow. --
Converting furnace (Steel Manuf.), a
furnace in which wrought iron is converted into steel by
cementation.
Syn. -- To change; turn; transmute; appropriate.
Con*vert", v. i. To be turned or changed
in character or direction; to undergo a change, physically or
morally.
If Nebo had had the preaching that thou hast, they [the
Neboites] would have converted.
Latimer.
A red dust which converth into worms.
Sandys.
The public hope
And eye to thee converting.
Thomson.
Con"vert (?), n. 1. A
person who is converted from one opinion or practice to another;
a person who is won over to, or heartily embraces, a creed,
religious system, or party, in which he has not previously
believed; especially, one who turns from the controlling power of
sin to that of holiness, or from unbelief to Christianity.
The Jesuits did not persuade the converts to lay
aside the use of images.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
2. A lay friar or brother, permitted to enter a
monastery for the service of the house, but without orders, and
not allowed to sing in the choir.
Syn. -- Proselyte; neophyte. --
Convert, Proselyte, Pervert. A
convert is one who turns from what he believes to have
been a decided error of faith or practice. Such a change may
relate to religion, politics, or other subjects. properly
considered, it is not confined to speculation alone, but affects
the whole current of one's feelings and the tenor of his actions.
As such a change carries with it the appearance of sincerity, the
term convert is usually taken in a good sense.
Proselyte is a term of more ambiguous use and
application. It was first applied to an adherent of one religious
system who had transferred himself externally to some other
religious system; and is also applied to one who makes a similar
transfer in respect to systems of philosophy or speculation. The
term has little or no reference to the state of the heart.
Pervert is a term of recent origin, designed to
express the contrary of convert, and to stigmatize a
person as drawn off perverted from the true faith. It has been
more particulary applied by members of the Church of England to
those who have joined the Roman Catholic Church.
Con`ver*tend" (?), n. [L.
convertenus to be converted.] (Logic)
Any proposition which is subject to the process of
conversion; -- so called in its relation to itself as converted,
after which process it is termed the conversae. See
Converse, n. (Logic).
Con*vert"er (?), n. 1.
One who converts; one who makes converts.
2. (Steel Manuf.) A retort, used in the
Bessemer process, in which molten cast iron is decarburized and
converted into steel by a blast of air forced through the liquid
metal.
Con*vert`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
condition or quality of being convertible; capability of being
exchanged; convertibleness.
The mutual convertibility of land into money, and
of money into land.
Burke.
Con*vert"i*ble (?), a. [L.
convertibilis: cf. F. convertible.]
1. Capable of being converted; susceptible of
change; transmutable; transformable.
Minerals are not convertible into another species,
though of the same genus.
Harvey.
2. Capable of being exchanged or interchanged;
reciprocal; interchangeable.
So long as we are in the regions of nature, miraculous and
improbable, miraculous and incredible, may be allowed to remain
convertible terms.
Trench.
Con*vert"i*ble*ness (?), n. The
state of being convertible; convertibility.
Con*vert"i*bly, adv. In a convertible
manner.
Con"vert*ite (?), n. [Cf. It.
convertito, p.p. of convertire to
convert.] A convert. [Obs.]
Shak.
Con"vex (?), a. [L.
convexus vaulted, arched, convex, concave, fr.
convehere to bring together: cf. F.
convexe. See Vehicle.] Rising or
swelling into a spherical or rounded form; regularly protuberant
or bulging; -- said of a spherical surface or curved line when
viewed from without, in opposition to concave.
Drops of water naturally form themselves into figures with a
convex surface.
Whewell.
Double convex, convex on both sides;
convexo-convex.
Con"vex, n. A convex body or
surface.
Half heaven's convex glitters with the flame.
Tickell.
con-vex'
by early writers, as by Milton, and occasionallyby later
poets.
Con"vexed (? , a. Made
convex; protuberant in a spherical form.
Sir T. Browne.
Con*vex"ed*ly (?), dv. In a
convex form; convexly.
Sir T. Browne.
Con*vex"ed*ness, n. Convexity.
Con*vex"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Convexities (#). [L.
convexitas: cf. F. convexit\'82.]
The state of being convex; the exterior surface of a convex
body; roundness.
A smooth, uniform convexity and rotundity of a
globe.
Bentley.
Con"vex*ly (?), adv. In a
convex form; as, a body convexly shaped.
Con"vex*ness, n. The state of being
convex; convexity.
Con*vex"o-con"cave (?, a.
Convex on one side, and concave on the other. The curves of
the convex and concave sides may be alike or may be different.
See Meniscus.
Con*vex"o-con"vex (?), a.
Convex on botConvex, a.
Con*vex"o-plane` (?), a. Convex
on one side, and flat on the other; plano-convex.
Con*vey" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Conveyed
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Conveying.] [OF. conveir,
convoier, to escort, convoy, F. convoyer,
LL. conviare, fr. L. con- + via
way. See Viaduct, Voyage, and cf.
Convoy.] 1. To carry from one place
to another; to bear or transport.
I will convey them by sea in fleats.
1 Kings v. 9.
Convey me to my bed, then to my grave.
Shak.
2. To cause to pass from one place or person to
another; to serve as a medium in carrying (anything) from one
place or person to another; to transmit; as, air
conveys sound; words convey ideas.
3. To transfer or deliver to another; to make over,
as property; more strictly (Law), to transfer (real
estate) or pass (a title to real estate) by a sealed
writing.
The Earl of Desmond . . . secretly conveyed all his
lands to feoffees in trust.
Spenser.
4. To impart or communicate; as, to
convey an impression; to convey
information.
Men fill one another's heads with noise and sound, but
convey not thereby their thoughts.
Locke.
5. To manage with privacy; to carry out.
[Obs.]
I . . . will convey the business as I shall find
means.
Shak.
6. To carry or take away secretly; to steal; to
thieve. [Obs.]
7. To accompany; to convoy.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Syn. -- To carry; transport; bear; transmit; trnsfer.
Con*vey", v. i. To play the thief; to
steal. [Cant]
But as I am Crack, I will convey, crossbite, and
cheat upon Simplicius.
Marston.
Con*vey"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being conveyed or transferred.
Burke.
Con*vey"ance (?), n. 1.
The act of conveying, carrying, or transporting;
carriage.
The long joirney was to be performed on horseback, -- the only
sure mode of conveyamce.
Prescott.
Following th river downward, there is conveyance
into the countries named in the text.
Sir W. Raleigh.
2. The instrument or means of carrying or
transporting anything from place to place; the vehicle in which,
or means by which, anything is carried from one place to another;
as, stagecoaches, omnibuses, etc., are conveyances;
a canal or aqueduct is a conveyance for
water.
There pipes and these conveyances of our blood.
Shak.
3. The act or process of transferring,
transmitting, handing down, or communicating; transmission.
Tradition is no infallible way of conveyance.
Stillingfleet.
4. (Law) The act by which the title to
property, esp. real estate, is transferred; transfer of
ownership; an instrument in writing (as a deed or mortgage), by
which the title to property is conveyed from one person to
another.
[He] found the conveyances in law to be so firm,
that in justice he must decree the land to the earl.
Clarendon.
5. Dishonest management, or artifice.
[Obs.]
the very jesuits themselves . . . can not possibly devise any
juggling conveyance how to shift it off.
Hakewill.
Con*vey"an*cer (?), n.
(Law) One whose business is to draw up
conveyances of property, as deeds, mortgages, leases, etc.
Burrill.
Con*vey"an*cing (?), n.
(Law) The business of a conveyancer; the act or
business of drawing deeds, leases, or other writings, for
transferring the title to property from one person to
another.
<-- p. 319 -->
Con*vey"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, conveys or carries, transmits or
transfers.
2. One given to artifices or secret practices; a
juggler; a cheat; a thief. [Obs.]
Shak.
Con*vey"or (?), n.
(Mach.) A contrivance for carrying objects from
place to place; esp., one for conveying grain, coal, etc., -- as
a spiral or screw turning in a pipe or trough, an endless belt
with buckets, or a truck running along a rope.
Con*vi"ci*ate, v. i. [L.
conviciatus, p.p. of conviciari to revile,
fr. convicium loud reproach.] To utter
reproaches; to raise a clamor; to rail. [Obs.]
To conviciate instead of accusing.
Laud.
Con`vi*cin"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Convicinities (. Immediate
vicinity; neighborhood.
The convicinity and contiguity of the two
parishes.
T. Warton.
Con*vi"cious (?), a. Expressing
reproach; abusive; railing; taunting. [Obs.]
\'bdConvicious words.\'b8
Queen Elizabeth (1559).
Con*vict" (?), p.a. [L.
convictus, p.p. of convincere to convict,
prove. See Convice.] Proved or found guilty;
convicted. [Obs.]
Shak.
Convict by flight, and rebel to all law.
Milton.
Con"vict (?), n. 1. A
person proved guilty of a crime alleged against him; one legally
convicted or sentenced to punishment for some crime.
2. A criminal sentenced to penal servitude.
Syn. -- Malefactor; culprit; felon; criminal.
Con*vict" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Convicted; p.pr.
& vb.n. Convicting.] 1.
To prove or find guilty of an offense or crime charged; to
pronounce guilty, as by legal decision, or by one's
conscience.
He [Baxter] . . . had been convicted by a jury.
Macaulay.
They which heard it, being convicted by their own
conscience, went out one by one.
John viii. 9.
2. To prove or show to be false; to confute; to
refute. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
3. To demonstrate by proof or evidence; to
prove.
Imagining that these proofs will convict a
testament, to have that in it which other men can nowhere by
reading find.
Hooker.
4. To defeat; to doom to destruction.
[Obs.]
A whole armado of convicted sail.
Shak.
Syn. -- To confute; defect; convince; confound.
Con*vict1i*ble (?), a. Capable
of being convicted. [R.]
Ash.
Con*vic"tion (?), n. [L.
convictio proof: cf. F. conviction
conviction (in sense 3 & 4). See Convict,
Convince.] 1. The act of convicting;
the act of proving, finding, or adjudging, guilty of an
offense.
The greater certainty of conviction and the greater
certainty of punishment.
Hallam.
2. (Law) A judgment of condemnation
entered by a court having jurisdiction; the act or process of
finding guilty, or the state of being found guilty of any crime
by a legal tribunal.
Conviction may accrue two ways.
Blackstone.
3. The act of convincing of error, or of compelling
the admission of a truth; confutation.
For all his tedious talk is but vain boast,
Or subtle shifts conviction to evade.
Milton.
4. The state of being convinced or convicted;
strong persuasion or belief; especially, the state of being
convicted of sin, or by one's conscience.
To call good evil, and evil good, against the
conviction of their own consciences.
Swift.
And did you presently fall under the power of this
conviction?
Bunyan.
Syn. -- Conviction; persuasion.
-- Conviction respects soley matters of belief
or faith; persuasion respects matters of belief or
practice. Conviction respects our most important
duties; persuasion is frequently applied to matters of
indifference. Crabb. -- Conviction is the
result of the [operation of the] understanding;
persuasion, of the will. Conviction is a
necessity of the mind, persuasion an acquiescence of
the inclination. C. J. Smith. --
Persuasion often induces men to act in opposition to
their conviction of duty.
Con"vict*ism (?), n. The policy
or practice of transporting convicts to penal settlements.
\'bdThe evils of convictism.\'b8
W. Howitt.
Con*vict"ive (?), a.
Convincing. [R.]
The best and most convictive argument.
Glanwill.
-- Con*vict"ive*ly, adv. --
Con*vict"ive*ness, n.
Con*vince" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Convinced
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Convincing.] [L.
convincere, -victum, to refute, prove;
con- + vincere to conquer. See
Victor, and cf. Convict.] 1.
To overpower; to overcome; to subdue or master.
[Obs.]
His two chamberlains
Will I with wine and wassail so convince
That memory, the warder of the brain,
Shall be a fume.
Shak.
2. To overcome by argument; to force to yield
assent to truth; to satisfy by proof.
Such convincing proofs and assurances of it as might enable
them to convince others.
Atterbury.
3. To confute; to prove the fallacy of.
[Obs.]
God never wrought miracle to convince atheism,
because his ordinary works convince it.
Bacon.
4. To prove guilty; to convinct.
[Obs.]
Which of you convinceth me of sin?
John viii. 46.
Seek not to convince me of a crime
Which I can ne'er repent, nor you can
pardon.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To persuade; satisfy; convict. -- To
Convince, persuade. To convince is
an act of the understanding; to persuade, of the will
or feelings. The one is effected by argument, the other by
motives. There are cases, however, in which persuade
may seem to be used in reference only to the assent of the
understanding; as when we say, I am persuaded it is
so; I can not persuade myself of the fact. But in such
instances there is usually or always a degree of awakened feeling
which has had its share in producing the assent of the
understanding.
Con*vince"ment (?), n. Act of
convincing, or state of being convinced; conviction.
[R.]
The fear of a convincement.
Milton.
Con*vin"cer (?), n. One who, or
that which, convinces; one who wins over by proof.
Con*vin"ci*ble (?), a. 1.
Capable of being convinced or won over.
2. Capable of being confuted and disproved by
argument; refutable. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Con*vin"cing*ly (?), adv. in a
convincing manner; in a manner to compel assent.
Con*vin"cing*ness, n. The power of
convincing, or the quality of being convincing.
Con*viv"al (?), a. [L.
convivalis. See Convive.]
pertaining to a feast or to festivity; convivial.
[Obs.] \'bdA convival dish.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Con*vive" (?), v. i. [L.
convivari; akin to convivium a feast,
convivere to live or feast together; con- +
vivere to live.] To feast together; to be
convivial. [Obs.] \'bdThere, in the full,
convive we.\'b8
Shak.
Con"vive (?), n. [L.
conviva: cf. F. convive.] A
quest at a banquet. [R.]
Beaumont.
Con*viv"i*al (?; 277), a. [From
L. convivium a feast; con- +
vivere to live. See Victuals, and cf.
Convive.] Of or relating to a feast or
entertainment, or to eating and drinking, with accompanying
festivity; festive; social; gay; jovial.
Which feasts convivial meetings we did name.
Denham.
Con*viv"i*al*ist, n. A person of
convivial habits.
Con*viv`i*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Convivialities (. The good humor or
mirth indulged in upon festive occasions; a convivial spirit or
humor; festivity.
Con*viv"i*al*ly (?), adv. In a
convivial manner.
Con"vo*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Convocated;
p.pr. & vb.n. Convocating.]
[L. convocatus, p.p. of convocare to
convocate; con- + vocare to call. See
Vocal, and cf. Convoce.] To convoke;
to call together. [Obs.]
May (Lucan).
Con`vo*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
convocatio: cf. F. convocation.
See Convoke.] 1. The act
of calling or assembling by summons.
2. An assembly or meeting.
In the first day there shall be a holy
convocation.
Ex. xii. 16.
3. (Ch. of Eng.) An assembly of the
clergy, by their representatives, to consult on ecclesiastical
affairs.
Convocation of
Canterbury consists of two houses. In the Convocation
of York the business has been generally conducted in one
assembly.
4. (Oxf. University) An academical
assembly, in which the business of the university is
transacted.
Syn. -- meeting; assembly; congregation; congress; diet;
convention; synod; council.
Con`vo*ca"tion*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a convocation.
Con`vo*ca"tion*ist, n. An advocate or
defender of convocation.
Con*voke" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Convoked
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Convoking.] [L. convocare:
cf. F. convoquer. See Convocate.]
To call together; to summon to meet; to assemble by
summons.
There remained no resource but the dreadful one of
convoking a parliament.
palfrey.
Syn. -- To summon; assemble; convene. See
Call.
Con"vo*lute (?), a. [L.
convolutus, p.p. of convolvere. See
Convolve.] (Bot.) Rolled or wound
together, one part upon another; -- said of the leaves of plants
in \'91stivation.
Con"vo*lu`ted (?), a. 1.
Having convolutions.
beaks recurved and convoluted like a ram's
horn.
Pennant.
2. Folded in tortuous windings.
A highly convoluted brain.
North Amer. Rev.
Con`vo*lu"tion (?), n. 1.
The act of rolling anything upon itself, or one thing upon
another; a winding motion.
O'er the calm sea, in convolution swift,
The feathered eddy floats.
Thomson.
2. The state of being rolled upon itself, or rolled
or doubled together; a tortuous or sinuous winding or fold, as of
something rolled or folded upon itself.
Blackmore.
3. (Anat.) An irregular, tortuous
folding of an organ or part; as, the convolutions of
the intestines; the cerebral convolutions. See
Brain.
Con*volve" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Convolved
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Convolving.] [L. convolvere,
-volutum; con- + volvere to
roll. See Voluble.] To roll or wind together;
to roll or twist one part on another.
Then Satan first knew pain,
And writhed him to and fro convolved.
Milton.
Con*vol`vu*la"ceous (?), a.
[From Convolvus.] (Bot.) Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the
bindweed and the morning-glory are common examples.
Con*vol"vu*lin (?), n.
(Chem.) A glucoside occurring in jalap (the root
of a convolvulaceous plant), and extracted as a colorless,
tasteless, gummy mass of powerful purgative properties.
Con*vol"vu*lus (?), n.; pl.
L.Convolvuli (#), E. Convoluluses
(#). [L., bindweed, fr. convolvere
to roll around. So named from its twining stems.]
(Bot.) A large genus of plants having
monopetalous flowers, including the common bindweed (C.
arwensis), and formerly the morning-glory, but this is now
transferred to the genus Ipom\'91a.
The luster of the long convolvuluses
That coiled around the stately stems.
Tennyson.
Con*voy" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Convoyed
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Convoying.] [F. convoyer,
OF. conveier, convoier. See
Convey.] To accompany for protection, either
by sea or land; to attend for protection; to escort; as, a
frigate convoys a merchantman.
I know ye skillful to convoy
The total freight of hope and joy.
Emerson.
Con"voy (?), n. [F.
convoi.] 1. The act of attending
for defense; the state of being so attended; protection;
escort.
To obtain the convoy of a man-of-war.
Macaulay.
2. A vessel or fleet, or a train or trains of
wagons, employed in the transportation of munitions of war,
money, subsistence, clothing, etc., and having an armed
escort.
3. A protection force accompanying ships, etc., on
their way from place to place, by sea or land; an escort, for
protection or guidance.
When every morn my bosom glowed
To watch the convoy on the road.
Emerson.
4. Conveyance; means of transportation.
[Obs.]
Shak.
5. A drag or brake applied to the wheels of a
carriage, to check their velocity in going down a hill.
Knight.
Con*vulse" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Convulsed
(?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Convulsing.] [L. convulsus,
p.p. of convellere to tear up, to shake;
con- + vellere to pluck, pull.]
1. To contract violently and irregulary, as the
muscular parts of an animal body; to shake with irregular spasms,
as in excessive laughter, or in agony from grief or pain.
With emotions which checked his voice and convulsed
his powerful frame.
Macaulay.
2. To agitate greatly; to shake violently.
The world is convulsed by the agonies of great
nations.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To agitate; disturb; shake; tear; rend.
Con*vul"sion (?), n. [L.
convulsio: cf. F. convulsion.]
1. (Med.) An unnatural, violent, and
unvoluntary contraction of the muscular parts of an animal
body.
2. Any violent and irregular motion or agitation; a
violent shaking; a tumult; a commotion.
Those two massy pillars,
With horrible convulsion, to and fro
He tugged, he shook, till down they came.
Milton.
Times of violence and convulsion.
Ames.
Syn. -- Agitation; commotion; tumult; disturbance.
Con*vul"sion*al (?), a.
Pertaining to, or having, convulsions; convulsionary.
[R.]
Lamb.
Con*vul"sion*a*ry (, a.
[Cf. F. convulsionnaire.] Pertaining
to convulsion; convulsive. \'bdConvulsionary
struggles.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Con*vul"sion*a*ry, n. A
convulsionist.
Con*vul"sion*ist, n. One who has
convulsions; esp., one of a body of fanatics in France, early in
the eighteenth century, who went into convulsions under the
influence of religious emotion; as, the
Convulsionists of St. M\'82dard.
Con*vul"sive (?), a. [Cf. F.
convulsif.] Producing, or attended with,
convulsions or spasms; characterized by convulsions;
convulsionary.
An irregular, convulsive movement may be necessary
to throw off an irregular, convulsive disease.
Burke.
Con*vul"sive*ly, adv. in a convulsive
manner.
Co"ny (? , n. [OE.
coning, conig, coni, OF.
connin, conin, connil, fr. L.
cuniculus a rabbit, cony, prob. an Hispanic
word.] [Written also coney.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A rabbit,
esp., the European rabbit (Lepus cuniculus).
(b) The chief hare.
cony of Scripture is thought to be
Hyrax Syriacus, called also daman,
and cherogril. See Daman.
2. A simpleton. [Obs.]
It is a most simple animal; whence are derived our usual
phrases of cony and cony catcher.
Diet's Dry Dinner (1599).
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An important
edible West Indian fish (Epinephelus apua); the hind
of Bermuda. (b) A local name of the
burbot. [Eng.]
Co"ny-catch (?), v. t. To
deceive; to cheat; to trick. [Obs.]
Take heed, Signor Baptista, lest you be
cony-catched in the this business.
Shak.
Co"ny-catch`er (?), n. A cheat;
a sharper; a deceiver. [Obs.]
Minsheu.
Con"y*lene (?), n.
[Conine + acetylene.] An oily
substance, C8H14, obtained from several
derivatives of conine.
Con"y*rine (?), n. [From
Conine.] (Chem.) A blue,
fluorescent, oily base (regarded as a derivative of pyridine),
obtained from conine.
Coo (?), v. i. [imp.
& p.p. Cooed (?); p.pr. &
vb.n. Cooing.] 1. To
make a low repeated cry or sound, like the characteristic note of
pigeons or doves.
The stockdove only through the forest cooes,
Mournfully hoarse.
Thomson.
2. To show affection; to act in a loving way. See
under Bill, v. i. \'bdBilling or
cooing.\'b8
Byron.
{ Coo"ey, Coo"ee } (?),
n. [Of imitative origin.] A peculiar
whistling sound made by the Australian aborigenes as a call or
signal. [Written also cooie.]
Cook (?), v. i. [Of imitative
origin.] To make the noise of the cuckoo.
[Obs. or R.]
Constant cuckoos cook on every side.
The Silkworms (1599).
Cook (?), v. t. [Etymol.
unknown.] To throw. [Prov.Eng.]
\'bdCook me that ball.\'b8
Grose.
Cook (?), n. [AS.
c\'d3c, fr. l. cocus, coquus,
coquus, fr. coquere to cook; akin to Gr.
pac, and to E. apricot,
biscuit, concoct, dyspepsia,
precocious. Cf. Pumpkin.] 1.
One whose occupation is to prepare food for the table; one
who dresses or cooks meat or vegetables for eating.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A fish, the European
striped wrasse.
Cook, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Cooked (?); p.pr & vb.n.
Cooking.] 1. To prepare, as
food, by boiling, roasting, baking, broiling, etc.; to make
suitable for eating, by the agency of fire or heat.
2. To concoct or prepare; hence, to tamper with or
alter; to garble; -- often with up; as, to
cook up a story; to cook an account.
[Colloq.]
They all of them receive the same advices from abroad, and
very often in the same words; but their way of cooking
it is so different.
Addison.
Cook (?), v. i. To prepare food
for the table.
Cook"book` (?), n. A book of
directions and receipts for cooking; a cookery book.
[U.S.]
\'bdJust How\'b8: a key to the cookbooks.
Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney.
Cook*ee" (?), n.A female
cook. [R.]
Cook"er*y (?), n. 1.
The art or process of preparing food for the table, by
dressing, compounding, and the application of heat.
2. A delicacy; a dainty. [Obs.]
R. North.
{ Cook"ey, Cook"ie } (?),
n. See Cooky.
Cook"maid` (?), n. A female
servant or maid who dresses provisions and assists the
cook.
Cook"room` (?), n. A room for
cookery; a kitchen; the galley or caboose of a ship.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Cook`shop (?), n. An eating
house. \'bdA subterranean cookshop.\'b8
Macaulay.
Cook"y (?), n.; pl.
Cookies (#). [Cf. D.
koek cake, dim. koekje; akin to G.
kuchen, E. cake; or cf. OE.
coket, prob., a sort of cake, and prob. of French
origin.] A small, flat, sweetened cake of various
kinds.
Cool (?), a.
[Compar. Cooler (?);
superl. Coolest.] [AS.
c\'d3l; akin to D. koel, G.
k\'81hl, OHG. chouli, Dan. k\'94lig, Sw.
kylig, also to AS. calan to be cold, Icel.
kala. See Cold, and cf.
Chill.] 1. Moderately cold; between
warm and cold; lacking in warmth; producing or promoting
coolness.
Fanned with cool winds.
Milton.
2. Not ardent, warm, fond, or passionate; not
hasty; deliberate; exercising self-control; self-possessed;
dispassionate; indifferent; as, a cool lover; a
cool debater.
For a patriot, too cool.
Goldsmith.
3. Not retaining heat; light; as, a
cool dress.
4. Manifesting coldness or dislike; chilling;
apathetic; as, a cool manner.
5. Quietly impudent; negligent of propriety in
matters of minor importance, either ignorantly or willfully;
presuming and selfish; audacious; as, cool
behavior.
Its cool stare of familiarity was intolerable.
Hawthorne.
6. Applied facetiously, in a vague sense, to a sum
of money, commonly as if to give emphasis to the largeness of the
amount.
He had lost a cool hundred.
Fielding.
Leaving a cool thousand to Mr.Matthew Pocket.
Dickens.
Syn. -- Calm; dispassionate; self-possessed; composed;
repulsive; frigid; alienated; impudent.
Cool, n. A moderate state of cold;
coolness; -- said of the temperature of the air between hot and
cold; as, the cool of the day; the cool of
the morning or evening.
Cool, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Cooled (?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Cooling.] 1. To make cool or
cold; to reduce the temperature of; as, ice cools
water.
Send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water,
and cool my tongue.
Luke xvi. 24.
2. To moderate the heat or excitement of; to allay,
as passion of any kind; to calm; to moderate.
We have reason to cool our raging motions, our
carnal stings, our unbitted lusts.
Shak.
To cool the heels, to dance attendance; to
wait, as for admission to a patron's house.
[Colloq.]
Dryden.
Cool, v. i. 1. To become less
hot; to lose heat.
I saw a smith stand with his hammer, thus,
the whilst his iron did on the anvil cool.
Shak.
2. To lose the heat of excitement or passion; to
become more moderate.
I will not give myself liberty to think, lest I should
cool.
Congreve.
Cool"er (?), n. That which
cools, or abates heat or excitement.
if acid things were used only as coolers, they
would not be so proper in this case.
Arbuthnot.
2. Anything in or by which liquids or other things
are cooled, as an ice chest, a vessel for ice water, etc.
Cool"-head`ed (?), a. Having a
temper not easily excited; free from passion. --
Cool"-head`ed*ness, n.
Coo"lie (?), n. Same as
Cooly.
Cool"ing (?), p.a. Adapted to
cool and refresh; allaying heat. \'bdThe cooling
brook.\'b8
Goldsmith.
Cooling card, something that dashes
hopes. [Obs.] -- Cooling time
(Law), such a lapse of time as ought, taking all
the circumstances of the case in view, to produce a subsiding of
passion previously provoked.
Wharton.
Cool"ish, a. Somewhat cool.
The nights began to grow a little coolish.
Goldsmith.
Cool"ly, a. Coolish; cool.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Cool"ly, adv. In a cool manner; without
heat or excessive cold; without passion or ardor; calmly;
deliberately; with indifference; impudently.
Cool"ness, n. 1. The state of
being cool; a moderate degree of cold; a moderate degree, or a
want, of passion; want of ardor, zeal, or affection;
calmness.
2. Calm impudence; self-possession.
[Colloq.]
Coo"lung (?), n. [From the
native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The great gray
crane of India (Grus cinerea). [Also
written coolen and cullum.]
{ Coo"ly, Coo"lie } (?),
n.; pl. Coolies (#).
[Hind. k a laborer, porter: cf. Turk.
k, ky, slave.] An East
Indian porter or carrier; a laborer transported from the East
Indies, China, or Japan, for service in some other country.
Coom (?), n. [Cf. G.
kahm mold gathered on liquids, D. kam, Sw.
kimr\'94k pine soot, smoke black, Icel.
k\'bem grime, film of dirt.] Soot; coal
dust; refuse matter, as the dirty grease which comes from axle
boxes, or the refuse at the mouth of an oven.
Phillips. Bailey.
Coomb (?), n. [AS.
cumb a liquid measure, perh. from LL. cumba
boat, tomb of stone, fr. Gr. kumpf bowl.] A dry measure of
four bushels, or half a quarter. [Written also
comb.]
{ Coomb, Coombe } (?),
n. [See Comb, Combe, in this
sense.] A hollow in a hillside. [Prov.
Eng.] See Comb, Combe.
Coon (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A raccoon. See Raccoon.
Coon"tie (?), n. (Bot.)
A cycadaceous plant of Florida and the West Indies, the
Zamia integrifolia, from the stems of which a kind of
sago is prepared.
Coop (?), n. [Cf. AS.
cypa a measure, D. kuip tub, Icel.
kupa bowl, G. kufe coop tub; all fr. L.
cupa vat, tub, LL. cupa, copa,
cup. See Cup, and cf. Keeve.]
1. A barrel or cask for liquor.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
2. An inclosure for keeping small animals; a pen;
especially, a grated box for confining poultry.
3. A cart made close with boarde; a tumbrel.
[Scotch]
Coop, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Cooped (?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Cooping.] To confine in a coop; hence,
to shut up or confine in a narrow compass; to cramp; -- usually
followed by up, sometimes by in.
The Trojans coopet within their walls so long.
Dryden.
The contempt of all other knowledge . . . coops the
understanding up within narrow bounds.
Locke.
2. To work upon in the manner of a cooper.
[Obs.] \'bdShaken tubs . . . be new
cooped.\'b8
Holland.
Syn. -- To crowd; confine; imprison.
Coo*pee" (?), n. See
Coupe. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Coop"er (?; 277), n. [From
Coop.] One who makes barrels, hogsheads,
casks, etc.
Coop"er, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Coopered (?); p.pr. &
vb.n. Coopering.] To do the work
of a cooper upon; as, to cooper a cask or
barrel.
Coop"er*age (?), n. 1.
Work done by a cooper.
2. The price paid for coopers; work.
3. A place where coopers' work is done.
Co*\'94p"er*ant (?), a. [Cf. F.
coop\'82rant.] Operating together; as,
co\'94perant forces.
Co*\'94p"er*ate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Co\'94perated;
p.pr. & vb.n. Co\'94perating.]
[L. co\'94peratus, p.p. of
co\'94perari to co\'94perate; co + operari
to work, opus work. See Operate.]
To act or operate jointly with another or others; to concur
in action, effort, or effect.
Whate'er co\'94perates to the common mirth.
Crashaw.
Co*\'94p`er*a"tion (?), n. [L.
co\'94peratio: cf. F.
coop\'82ration.] 1. The act of
co\'94perating, or of operating together to one end; joint
operation; concurrent effort or labor.
Not holpen by the co\'94peration of angels.
Bacon.
2. (Polit. Econ.) The association of a
number of persons for their benefit.
Co*\'94p"er*a*tive (?), a.
Operating jointly to the same end.
Co\'94perative society, a society established
on the principle of a joint-stock association, for the production
of commodities, or their purchase and distribution for
consumption, or for the borrowing and lending of capital among
its members. -- Co\'94perative store, a store
established by a co\'94perative society, where the members make
their purchases and share in the profits or losses.
Co*\'94p"er*a`tor (?), n. [L.:
cf. F. coop\'82rateur.] One who labors
jointly with others to promote the same end.
\'bdCo\'94perators with the truth.\'b8
Boyle.
Coop"er (?), n. Work done by a
cooper in making or repairing barrels, casks, etc.; the business
of a cooper.
Coop"er*y, a. Relating to a cooper;
coopered. [Obs.]
Coopery vessels made of wood.
Holland.
Coop"er*y, n. The occupation of a
cooper.
Crabb.
Co*\'94pt" (?), v. t. [See
Co\'94ptate. Cf. F. coopter.] To
choose or elect in concert with another. [R.]
Each of the hundred was to co\'94pt three
others.
Jowett (Thysyd. ).
Co*\'94p"tate (?), v. t. [L.
co\'94ptatus, p.p. of co\'94tare to elect
to something; co- + optare to
choose.] To choose; to elect; to co\'94pt.
[Obs.]
Cockeram.
Co`\'94p*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
co\'94ptatio.] The act of choosing;
selection; choice. [Obs.]
The first election and co\'94ptation of a
friend.
Howell.
Co`\'94r*dain (?), v. t. To
ordain or appoint for some purpose along with another.
Co*\'94r"di*nance (?), n. Joint
ordinance.
Co*\'94r"di*nate (?), a. [Pref.
co- + L. ordinatus, p.p. of
ordinare to regulate. See Ordain.]
Equal in rank or order; not subordinate.
Whether there was one Supreme Governor of the world, or many
co\'94rdinate powers presiding over each country.
Law.
Conjunctions joint sentences and co\'94rdinate
terms.
Rev. R. Morris.
Co\'94rdinate adjectives, adjectives
disconnected as regards ane another, but referring equally to the
same subject. -- Co\'94rdinate conjunctions,
conjunctions joining independent propositions.
Rev. R. Morris.
Co*\'94r"di*nate , v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Co\'94rdinated;
p.pr. & vb.n. Co\'94rdinating.]
1. To make co\'94rdinate; to put in the same order
or rank; as, to co\'94rdinate ideas in
classification.
2. To give a common action, movement, or condition
to; to regulate and combine so as to produce harmonious action;
to adjust; to harmonize; as, to co\'94rdinate
muscular movements.
Co*\'94r"di*nate (?), n. 1.
A thing of the same rank with another thing; one two or more
persons or things of equal rank, authority, or importance.
It has neither co\'94rdinate nor analogon; it is
absolutely one.
Coleridge.
2. pl. (Math.) Lines, or
other elements of reference, by means of which the position of
any point, as of a curve, is defined with respect to certain
fixed lines, or planes, called co\'94rdinate axes and
co\'94rdinate planes. See Abscissa.
<-- this note refers to an accompanying diagram -->
Co\'94rdinates are of several kinds,
consisting in some of the different cases, of the following
elements, namely: (a) (Geom. of Two
Dimensions) The abscissa and ordinate of any point, taken
together; as the abscissa PY and ordinate PX of the point P (Fig.
2, referred to the co\'94rdinate axes AY and AX. (b) Any
radius vector PA (Fig. 1), together with its angle of inclination
to a fixed line, APX, by which any point A in the same plane is
referred to that fixed line, and a fixed point in it, called the
pole, P. (c) (Geom. of Three
Dimensions) Any three lines, or distances, PB, PC, PD (Fig.
3), taken parallel to three co\'94rdinate axes, AX, AY, AZ, and
measured from the corresponding co\'94rdinate fixed planes, YAZ,
XAZ, XAY, to any point in space, P, whose position is thereby
determined with respect to these planes and axes. (d) A
radius vector, the angle which it makes with a fixed plane, and
the angle which its projection on the plane makes with a fixed
line line in the plane, by which means any point in space at the
free extremity of the radius vector is referred to that fixed
plane and fixed line, and a fixed point in that line, the pole of
the radius vector.
Cartesian co\'94rdinates. See under
Cartesian. -- Geographical
co\'94rdinates, the latitude and longitude of a place,
by which its relative situation on the globe is known. The height
of the above the sea level constitutes a third
co\'94rdinate. -- Polar co\'94rdinates,
co\'94rdinates made up of a radius vector and its angle of
inclination to another line, or a line and plane; as those
defined in (b) and (d) above. --
Rectangular co\'94rdinates, co\'94rdinates the
axes of which intersect at right angles. -- Rectilinear
co\'94rdinates, co\'94rdinates made up of right lines.
Those defined in (a) and (c) above are called
also Cartesian co\'94rdinates. --
Trigonometrical Spherical
co\'94rdinates, elements of reference, by means
of which the position of a point on the surface of a sphere may
be determined with respect to two great circles of the
sphere. -- Trilinear co\'94rdinates,
co\'94rdinates of a point in a plane, consisting of the three
ratios which the three distances of the point from three fixed
lines have one to another.
Co*\'94r"di*nate*ly (?), adv.
In a co\'94rdinate manner.
Co*\'94r"di*nate*ness, n. The state of
being co\'94rdinate; equality of rank or authority.
Co*\'94r`di*na"tion (?), n.
1. The act of co\'94rdinating; the act of putting
in the same order, class, rank, dignity, etc.; as, the
co\'94rdination of the executive, the legislative, and
the judicial authority in forming a government; the act of
regulating and combining so as to produce harmonious results;
harmonious adjustment; as, a co\'94rdination of
functions. \'bdCo\'94rdination of muscular
movement by the cerebellum.\'b8
Carpenter.
2. The state of being co\'94rdinate, or of equal
rank, dignity, power, etc.
In this high court of parliament, there is a rare
co\'94rdination of power.
Howell.
Co*\'94r"di*na*tive (?), a.
(Gram.) Expressing co\'94rdination.
J. W. Gibbs.
Coot (?), n. [Cf. D.
koet, W. cwtair; cwta short,
bodtailed + iar hen; cf. cwtau ro dock. Cf.
Cut.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A wading bird with lobate toes, of the genus
Fulica. The common European or bald coot is
F. atra (see under bald); the American is
F. Americana. (b) The surf duck or
scoter. In the United States all the species of
(Edemia are called coots. See Scoter.
\'bdAs simple as a coot.\'b8
Halliwell.
2. A stupid fellow; a simpleton; as, a silly
coot. [Colloq.]
Coot"er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A fresh-water tortoise
(Pseudemus concinna) of Florida. (b)
The box tortoise.
Coot`foot (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The pharalope; -- so called because
its toes are like the coot's.
Coot*thay" (?), n.A striped
satin made in India.
McElrath.
Cop (?), n. [AS.
cop; cf. G. kopf
head. Cf. Cup, Cob.] 1. The
top of a thing; the head; a crest. [Obs.]
Cop they used to call
The tops of many hills.
Dra
2. A conical or conical-ended mass of coiled
thread, yarn, or roving, wound upon a spindle, etc.
3. A tube or quill upon which silk is wound.
4. (Mil. Arch.) same as
Merlon.
5. A policeman. [Slang]
Cop waste, a kind of cotton waste, composed
chiefly
{ Co*pai"ba (?; 277), Co*pai"va
(?) }, n. [Sp. & Pg., fr. Brazil.
cupa\'a3ba.] (Med.) A more or
less viscid, vellowish liquid, the bitter oleoresin of several
species of Copaifera, a genus of trees growing in
South America and the West Indies. It is stimulant and diuretic,
and is much used in affections of the mucous membranes; -- called
also balsam of copaiba. [Written
also capivi.]
Co"pal (?; 277), [Sp., fr. Mexican
copalli, Clavigero.] A resinous substance flowing
spontaneously from trees of Zanzibar, Madagascar, and South
America (Trachylobium Hornemannianum, T.
verrocosum, and Hymen\'91a Courbaril), and dug
from earth where forests have stood in Africa; -- used chiefly in
making varnishes.
Ur
Co*par"ce*na*ry (?), n.; pl.
Coparcenaries (#). [Pref.
co- + parcenary] (Law)
Partnership in inheritance; joint heirship; joint right of
sucession to an inheritance.
Co*par"ce*ner (?), n. [Pref.
co- + parcener.] (Law)
One who has an equal portion with others of an
inheritance.
All the coparceners together make but one heir, and
have but one estate among them.
blackstone.
Co*par"ce*ny (?), n. [Abbrev.
of Coparcenary.] (Law) An equal
share of an inheritance.
Co*part (?), v. t. [Cf.
Compart] To share. [Obs.]
For, of all miserias, I hold that chief
Wretched to be, when none coparts our grief.
Webster (1661).
Co*part"ment (?), n. A
compartment. [Obs.]
T. Warton.
Co*part"ner (?), n. One who is
jointly concerned with one or more persons in business, etc.; a
partner; an associate; a partaker; a sharer.
the associates and copartners of our loss.
Milton.
Co*part"ner*ship, n. 1. The
state of being a copartner or of having a joint interest in any
matter.
2. A partnership or firm; as, A. and B.
have this day formed a copartnership.
Co*part"ner*y (?), n.; pl.
Copartneries (. the state of
being copartners in any undertaking. [R.]
Cop"a*tain (?), a. [Formed fr.
cop, in imitation of captain. See
Cop, Captain.] Having a high crown,
or a point or peak at top. [Obs.]
A copatain hat made on a Flemish block.
Gascoigne.
Co*pa"tri*ot (?), n. A joint
patriot.
Cope (?), n. [A doublet of
cape. See Cape, Cap.]
1. A covering for the head.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
2. Anything regarded as extended over the head, as
the arch or concave of the sky, the roof of a house, the arch
over a door. \'bdThe starry cope of heaven.\'b8
Milton.
3. An ecclesiastical vestment or cloak,
semicircular in form, reaching from the shoulders nearly to the
feet, and open in front except at the top, whereit is united by a
band or clasp. It is worn in processions and on some other
occasions.
Piers plowman.
A hundred and sixty priests all in their copes.
Bp. Burnet.
4. An ancient tribute due to the lord of the soil,
out of the lead mines in derbyshire, England.
5. (Founding) The top part of a flask or
mold; the outer part of a loam mold.
Knight. De Colange.
Cope, v. i. To form a cope or arch; to
bend or arch; to bow. [Obs.]
Some bending down and coping to ward the earth.
Holland.
Cope, v. t. (Falconry) To
pare the beak or talons of (a hawk).
J. H. Walsh.
Cope, v. i. [imp. &
p.p. Coped (?); p.pr. & vb.n.
Coping.] [OE. copen,
coupen, to buy, bargain, prob. from D.
koopen to buy, orig., to bargain. See
Chear.] 1. To exchange or
barter. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. To encounter; to meet; to have to do with.
Horatio, thou art e'en as just a man
As e'er my conversation coped withal.
Shak.
3. To enter into or maintain a hostile contest; to
struggle; to combat; especially, to strive or contend on equal
terms or with success; to match; to equal; -- usually followed by
with.
Host coped with host, dire was the din of war.
Philips.
Their generals have not been able to cope with the
troops of Athens.
Addison.
Cope, v. t. 1. To bargain for;
to buy. [Obs.]
2. To make return for; to requite; to repay.
[Obs.]
three thousand ducats due unto the Jew,
We freely cope your courteous pains withal.
Shak.
3. To match one's self against; to meet; to
encounter.
I love to cope him in these sullen fits.
Shak.
They say he yesterday coped Hector in the battle,
and struck him down.
Shak.
Cope"-chis`el (?), n. A narrow
chisel adapted for cutting a groove.
Knight.
Co"peck (?), n. [Russ.
kopeika] A Russian copper coin. See
Kopeck.
Coped (?), a. Clad in a
cope.
\'d8Cop`e*la"ta (?), n.;
pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) See Larvalla.
Cope"man (?), n. [D.
koopman, fr. koopen to buy. See
Cope, v. i. Chapman.] A
chapman; a dealer; a merchant. [Obs.]
He would have sold his part of paradise
For ready money, had he met a copeman.
B. Jonson.
Cop"e*pod (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Copepoda. -- n. One of the
Copepoda.
\'d8Co*pep"o*da (?), n.;
pl. [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
Entomastraca, including many minute Crustacea, both freshwater
and marine.
Co*per"ni*can (?), a.
Pertaining to Copernicus, a Prussian by birth (b.
1473, d. 1543), who taught the world the solar system
now received, called the Copernican system.
Copes"mate` (?), n. An
associate or companion; a friend; a partner.
[Obs.]
Misshapen time, copesmate of ugly Night.
Shak.
Cope"stone` (?), n.
(Arch.) A stone for coping. See
Coping.
Cop"i*er (?), n. [From.
Copy.] 1. One who copies; one who
writes or transcribes from an original; a transcriber.
2. An imitator; one who imitates an example; hence,
a plagiarist.
Cop"ing (?), n. [See
Cope, n.] (Arch.) The
highest or covering course of masonry in a wall, often with
sloping edges to carry off water; -- sometimes called
capping.
Gwill.
Co"pi*ous (?), a. [L.
copiosus, fr. copia abundance: cf. F.
copieux. See Copy, Opulent.]
Large in quantity or amount; plentiful; abundant;
fruitful.
Kindly pours its copious treasures forth.
Thomson.
Hail, Son of God, Savior of men! thy name
Shall be the copious matter of my song.
Milton.
Syn. -- Ample; abundant; plentiful; plenteous; rich; full;
exuberant; overflowing; full. See Ample.
Co"pi*ous*ly, adv. In a copious
manner.
Co"pi*ous*ness, n. The state or quality
of being copious; abudance; plenty; also, diffuseness in
style.
To imitatethe copiousness of Homer.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Abudance; plenty; richness; exuberance.
Cop"ist (?), n. [F.
copiste. See Copy.] A
copier. [Obs.] \'bdA copist after
nature.\'b8
Shaftesbury.
Co*plan"er (?), a. [Pref.
co- + plane.] (Math.)
Situated in one plane.
Cop"land` (?), n.
[Cop + land.] A piece of
ground terminating in a point or acute angle.
[Obs.]
Co*por"tion (?), n.Equal
share. [Obs.]
Myself will bear . . . coportion of your pack.
Spenser.
Copped (?), a. [From
Cop.] Rising to a point or head; conical;
pointed; crested.
Wiseman.
Cop"pel (?), n. & v. See
Cupel.
Cop"per (?), n. [OE.
coper (cf. D. koper, Sw. koppar,
Dan. kobber, G. kupfer), LL.
cuper, fr. L. cuprum for earlier
Cyprium, Cyprium aes, i.e., Cyprian brass,
fr. Gr. Cypreous.] 1. A
common metal of a reddish color, both ductile and malleable, and
very tenacious. It is one of the best conductors of heat and
electricity. Symbol Cu. Atomic weight 63.3. It is one of the most
useful metals in itself, and also in its alloys, brass and
bronze.
2. A coin made of copper; a penny, cent, or other
minor coin of copper. [Colloq.]
My friends filled my pockets with coppers.
Franklin.
3. A vessel, especially a large boiler, made of
copper.
4. pl. Specifically (Naut.),
the boilers in the galley for cooking; as, a ship's
coppers.
Copper is often used adjectively,
commonly in the sense of made or consisting of
copper, or resembling copper; as, a
copper boiler, tube, etc.
All in a hot and copper sky.
Coleridge.
It is sometimes written in combination; as,
copperplate, coppersmith,
copper-colored.
Copper finch. (Zo\'94l.) See
Chaffinch. -- Copper glance, Vitreous copper. (Min.) See
Chalcocite. -- Indigo copper.
(Min.) See Covelline.
Cop"per, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Coppered (?); p.pr. &
vb.n. Coppering.] To cover or
coat with copper; to sheathe with sheets of copper; as, to
copper a ship.
Cop"per*as (?), n. [OE.
coperose, F. couperose, fr. (assumed?) L.
cuprirosa, equiv. to G. cha`lkanqos, i. e.
copper flower, vitriol. See Copper and
Rose.] Green vitriol, or sulphate of iron; a
green crystalline substance, of an astringent taste, used in
making ink, in dyeing black, as a tonic in medicine, etc. It is
made on a large scale by the oxidation of iron pyrites. Called
also ferrous sulphate.
copperas was formerly synonymous
with vitriol, and included the green, blue, and white
vitriols, or the sulphates of iron, copper, and zinc.
Cop"per-bot`tomed (?), a.
Having a bottom made of copper, as a tin boiler or other
vessel, or sheathed with copper, as a ship.
Cop"per-faced` (?), a.Faced or
covered with copper; as, copper-faced
type.
Cop"per-fas`tened (?),
a.Fastened with copper bolts, as the planks of
ships, etc.; as, a copper-fastened ship.
Cop"per*head` (?), n. [From its
color.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A poisonous
American serpent (Ancistrodon conotortrix), closely
allied to the rattlesnake, but without rattles; -- called also
copper-belly, and red
viper.
2. A nickname applied to a person in the Northern
States who sympathized with the South during the Civil War.
[U.S.]
Cop"per*ing, n. 1. The act of
covering with copper.
2. An envelope or covering of copper.
Cop"per*ish, a. Containing, or partaking
of the nature of, copper; like copper; as, a
copperish taste.
Cop"per-nick`el (?), n.
(Min.) Nicolite.
Cop"per-nose (?), n. A red
nose.
Shak.
Cop"per*plate (?), n. (a)
A plate of polished copper on which a design or writing is
engraved. (b) An impression on paper taken
from such a plate.
Copperplate press. See Plate
press, under Plate.
Cop"per*smith (?), n. One whose
occupation is to manufacture copper utensils; a worker in
copper.
Cop"per works (?). A place where copper is
wrought or manufactured.
Woodward.
Cop"per*worm (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The teredo; -- so called
because it injures the bottoms of vessels, where not protected by
copper. (b) The ringworm.
Cop"per*y (?), a. Mixed with
copper; containing copper, or made of copper; like copper.
Cop"pice (?), n. [OF.
copeiz, fr. coper, couper, to
cut, F. couper, fr. cop, coup,
colp, a blow, F. coup, L.
colaphus, fr. G. Copse, and cf.
Coup, Coupee.] A grove of small
growth; a thicket of brushwood; a wood cut at certain times for
fuel or other purposes. See Copse.
The rate of coppice lands will fall, upon the
discovery of coal mines.
Locke.
Cop"pin (?), n.[See
Cop.] A cop of thread.
Cop"ple (?), n. [A dim. of
Cop.] Something rising in a conical shape;
specifically, a hill rising to a point.
A low cape, and upon it a copple not very high.
Hakluyt.
Cop"ple-crown (?), n. A created
or high-topped crown or head. \'bdLike the
copple-crown the lapwing has.\'b8
T. Randolph.
-- Cop"ple-crowned` (#),
a.
Cop"pled (?), a. [From
Copple.] Rising to a point; conical;
copped. [Obs.]
Woodward.
Cop"ple dust` (?). Cupel dust.
[Obs.]
Powder of steel, or copple dust.
Bacon.
Cop"ple*stone` (?), n. A
cobblestone. [Obs.]
Copps (?), n. See
Copse. [Obs.]
Co"pra (?), n. [Malay\'a0lam
koppara or Hind. khopr\'be.]
(Com.) The dried meat of the cocoanut, from which
cocoanut oil is expressed. [Written also
cobra, copperah,
coppra.]
Cop"ro*lite (?), n. [Gr.
ko`pros dung + -lite.]
(Paleon.) A piece of petrified dung; a fossil
excrement.
Cop`ro*lit"ic (?), a.
Containing, pertaining to, or of the nature of,
coprolites.
Co*proph"a*gan (?), n. [See
Coprophagous.] (Zo\'94l.) A kind
of beetle which feeds upon dung.
Co*proph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.)
Feeding upon dung, as certain insects.
{ Cop-rose` } (?), n.
[F. coprose, of uncertain origin; cf. D.
klaproos, klapperroos.] The red,
or corn, poppy. [Written also
cup-rose.]
Cops (?), n. [AS.
cops, cosp, fetter.] The
connecting crook of a harrow. [Prov. Eng.]
Copse (?), n. [Contr. from
coppice.] A wood of small growth; a thicket
of brushwood. See Coppice.
Near yonder copse where once the garden smiled.
Goldsmith.
Copse, v. t. 1. To trim or cut;
-- said of small trees, brushwood, tufts of grass, etc.
Halliwell.
2. To plant and preserve, as a copse.
Swift.
Copse"wood (?), n. Brushwood;
coppice.
Macaulay.
Cops"y (?), a. Characterized by
copses. \'bdCopsy villages.\'b8
\'bdCopsy banks.\'b8
J. Dyer.
Cop"tic (?), a. [Abbrev. from
L. Aegyptius an Egyprian, Gr. kibt\'c6, pl. kibt.] Of or
pertaining to the Copts. -- n. The
language of the Copts.
Copts (?), n. pl.; sing.
Copt (#). [See
Coptic.] (Etnol.) 1. An
Egyptian race thought to be descendants of the ancient
Egyptians.
2. The principal sect of Christians in Egypt and
the valley of the Nile.
Cop"u*la (?), n. [L., bond,
band. See Couple.] 1. (Logic &
Gram.) The word which unites the subject and
predicate.
2. (Mus.) The stop which connects the
manuals, or the manuals with the pedals; -- called also
coupler.
Cop"u*late (?), a. [L.
copulatus, p.p. of copulare to couple, fr.
copula. See Copula.] 1.
Joined; associated; coupled. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. (Gram.) Joining subject and
predicate; copulative.
F. A. March.
Cop"u*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Copulated; p.pr.
& vb.n. Copulating.] To unite in
sexual intercourse; to come together in the act of
generation.
Cop`u*la"tion (?), n. [L.
copulatio: cf. F. copulation.]
1. The act of coupling or joining; union;
conjunction.
Wit, you know, is the unexpected copulation of
ideas.
Johnson.
2. The coming together of male and female in the
act of generation; sexual union; coition.
Cop"u*la"tive (?), a. [L.
copulativus: cf. F. copulatif.]
Serving to couple, unite, or connect; as, a
copulative conjunction like \'bdand\'b8.
Cop"u*la*tive, n. 1.
Connection. [Obs.]
Rycaut.
2. (Gram.) A copulative
conjunction.
Cop"u*la"tive*ly, adv. In a copulative
manner.
Cop"*la*try (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to copulation; tending or serving to unite;
copulative.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Used in sexual union;
as, the copulatory organs of insects.
Cop"y (?), n.; pl.
Copies (#). [F. copie,
fr. L. copia abundance, number, LL. also, a
transcript; co- + the root of opes
riches. See Opulent, and cf. Copious.]
1. An abundance or plenty of anything.
[Obs.]
She was blessed with no more copy of wit, but to
serve his humor thus.
B. Jonson.
2. An imitation, transcript, or reproduction of an
original work; as, a copy of a letter, an engraving,
a painting, or a statue.
I have not the vanity to think my copy equal to the
original.
Denham.
3. An individual book, or a single set of books
containing the works of an author; as, a copy of the
Bible; a copy of the works of Addison.
4. That which is to be imitated, transcribed, or
reproduced; a pattern, model, or example; as, his virtues are
an excellent copy for imitation.
Let him first learn to write, after a copy, all the
letters.
Holder.
5. (print.) Manuscript or printed matter
to be set up in type; as, the printers are calling for more
copy.
6. A writing paper Bastard. See under Paper.
7. Copyhold; tenure; lease.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Copy book, a book in which copies are written
or printed for learners to imitate. -- Examined
copies (Law), those which have been compared
with the originals. -- Exemplified copies,
those which are attested under seal of a court. --
Certified Office copies,
those which are made or attested by officers having charge of
the originals, and authorized to give copies
officially.
Abbot.
Syn. -- Imitation; transcript; duplicate; counterfeit.
Cop"y (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Copied (?);
p.pr. & vb.n. Copying.] [Cf.
F. copir, fr. LL. copiare. See
Copy, n.] 1. To make a
copy or copies of; to write; print, engrave, or paint after an
original; to duplicate; to reproduce; to transcribe; as, to
copy a manuscript, inscription, design, painting,
etc.; -- often with out, sometimes with
off.
I like the work well; ere it be demanded
(As like enough it will), I'd have it copied.
Shak.
Let this be copied out,
And keep it safe for our remembrance.
Shak.
2. To imitate; to attempt to resemble, as in
manners or course of life.
We copy instinctively the voices of our companions,
their accents, and their modes of pronunciation.
Stewart.
Cop"y, v. i. 1. To make a copy
or copies; to imitate.
2. To yield a duplicate or transcript; as, the
letter did not copy well.
Some . . . never fail, when they copy, to follow
the bad as well as the good things.
Dryden.
Cop"y*er (?), n. See
Copier.
Cop"y*graph (?), n. A
contrivance for producing manifold copies of a writing or
drawing.
Various names have been given to the process [the gelatin
copying process], some of them acceptable and others absurd;
hectograph, polygraph, copygraph, lithogram, etc.
Knight.
Cop"y*hold` (?), n. (Eng.
Law) (a) A tenure of estate by copy of court
roll; or a tenure for which the tenant has nothing to show,
except the rolls made by the steward of the lord's court.
Blackstone. (b) Land held in
copyhold. Milton.
Copyholds do not exist in the United
States.
Cop"y*hold`er (?), n. 1.
(Eng. Law) One possessed of land in
copyhold.
2. (print.) (a) A device for
holding copy for a compositor. (b) One who
reads copy to a proof reader.
Cop"y*ing, a. & n. From Copy,
v.
Copying ink. See under Ink. --
Copying paper, thin unsized paper used for taking
copies of letters, etc., in a copying press. -- Copying
press, a machine for taking by pressure, an exact copy
of letters, etc., written in copying ink.
Cop"y*ist, n. A copier; a transcriber;
an imitator; a plagiarist.
Cop"y*right (?), n. The right
of an author or his assignee, under statute, to print and publish
his literary or artistic work, exclusively of all other persons.
This right may be had in maps, charts, engravings, plays, and
musical compositions, as well as in books.
<-- now life plus 50 years, or 75 years for works created for
hire. Further extension is (1996) being discussed. -->
International copyright, an author's right in
his productions as secured by treaty between nations.
Cop"y*right`, v. t. To secure a
copyright on.
\'d8Coque"li*cot` (?), n.
[F.] 1. (Bot.) The wild
poppy, or red corn rose.
2. The color of the wild poppy; a color nearly red,
like orange mixed with scarlet.
Co*quet" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Coquetted; p.pr.
& vb.n. Coquetting.] To attempt
to attract the notice, admiration, or love of; to treat with a
show of tenderness or regard, with a view to deceive and
disappoint.
You are coquetting a maid of honor.
Swift.
Co*quet", v. i. To trifle in love; to
stimulate affection or interest; to play the coquette; to deal
playfully instead of seriously; to play (with); as, we have
coquetted with political crime.
Co*quet"ry (?), n.; pl.
Coquetries (#). [F.
coquetterie.] Attempts to attract
admoration, notice, or love, for the mere gratification of
vanity; trifling in love. \'bdLittle affectations of
coquetry.\'b8
Addison.
Co*quette" (?), n. [F., fr.
coquet, coquette, coquettish, orig.,
cocklike, strutting like a cock, fr. coq a cock. Cf.
Cock, Cocket, Cocky,
Cockade.] 1. A vain, trifling woman,
who endeavors to attract admiration from a desire to grafity
vanity; a flirt; -- formerly sometimes applied also to men.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A tropical humming bird of
the genus Lophornis, with very elegant neck plumes.
Several species are known. See Illustration under
Spangle, v. t./def>
Co*quet"tish (?), a. Practicing
or exhibiting coquetry; alluring; enticing.
A pretty, coquettish housemaid.
W. Irving.
Co*quet"tish*ly, adv. In a coquettish
manner.
Co*quil"la nut (?). [Pg.
coquilho, Sp. coquillo, dim. of
coco a cocoanut.] (Bot.) The
fruit of a Brazilian tree (Attalea funifera of
Martius.).
Co*quim"bite (?), n. A mineral
consisting principally of sulphate of iron; white copperas; -- so
called because found in the province of Coquimbo,
Chili.
\'d8Co*qui"na (?), n. [Sp.,
shellfish, cockle.] A soft, whitish, coral-like stone,
formed of broken shells and corals, found in the southern United
States, and used for roadbeds and for building material, as in
the fort at St. Augustine, Florida.
Cor- (?). A prefix signifying
with, together, etc. See
Com-.
Cor (?), n. [Heb.
k.] A Hebrew measure of capacity; a
homer. [Written also core.]
\'d8Co"ra (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The Arabian gazelle (Gazella
Arabica), found from persia to North Africa.
Cor"a*cle (?), n. [W.
corwgl, cwrwgl, fr. corwg,
cwrwg, any round body or vessel, the trunk of the
body, carcass.] A boat made by covering a wicker frame
with leather or oilcloth. It was used by the ancient Britons, and
is still used by fisherman in Wales and some parts of Ireland.
Also, a similar boat used in Thibet and in Egypt.
Cor"a*coid (?), a.[Gr. ko`rax crow + e'i^dos form.]
1. Shaped like a crow's beak.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to a bone of the
shoulder girdle in most birds, reptiles, and amphibians, which is
reduced to a process of the scapula in most mammals.
Cor"a*coid, n. The coracoid bone or
process.
Cor"age (?; OF. , n. See
Courage [Obs.]
To Canterbury with full devout corage.
Chaucer.
Cor"al (?), n. [Of.
coral, F, corail, L. corallum,
coralium, fr. Gr. kora`llion.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) The hard parts or skeleton
of various Anthozoa, and of a few Hydrozoa. Similar structures
are also formed by some Bryozoa.
Madreporaria, and to the hydroid
genus, Millepora. The red coral, used in jewelry, is
the stony axis of the stem of a gorgonian (Corallium
rubrum) found chiefly in the Mediterranean. The fan
corals, plume corals, and sea
feathers are species of Gorgoniacea, in which
the axis is horny. Organ-pipe coral is formed by the
genus Tubipora, an Alcyonarian, and black
coral is in part the axis of species of the genus
Antipathes. See Anthozoa,
Madrepora.
2. The ovaries of a cooked lobster; -- so called
from their color.
3. A piece of coral, usually fitted with small
bells and other appurtenances, used by children as a
plaything.
Brain coral, Brain stone
coral. See under Brain. --
Chain coral. See under Chain. --
Coral animal (Zo\'94l.), one of the
polyps by which corals are formed. They are often very
erroneously called coral insects. --
Coral fish. See in the Vocabulary. --
Coral reefs (Phys. Geog.), reefs, often
of great extent, made up chiefly of fragments of corals, coral
sands, and the solid limestone resulting from their
consolidation. They are classed as fringing reefs,
when they border the land; barrier reefs, when
separated from the shore by a broad belt of water;
atolls, when they constitute separate islands,
usually inclosing a lagoon. See Atoll. --
Coral root (Bot.), a genus
(Corallorhiza) of orchideous plants, of a yellowish or
brownish red color, parasitic on roots of other plants, and
having curious jointed or knotted roots not unlike some kinds of
coral. See Illust. under Coralloid. --
Coral snake. (Zo) (a) A small,
venomous, Brazilian snake (Elaps corallinus),
coral-red, with black bands. (b) A small,
harmless, South American snake (Tortrix scytale).
-- Coral tree (Bot.), a tropical,
leguminous plant, of several species, with showy, scarlet
blossoms and coral-red seeds. The best known is Erythrina
Corallodendron. -- Coral wood, a hard,
red cabinet wood. McElrath.
Cor"aled (?), a. Having coral;
covered with coral.
Cor"al fish` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
Any bright-colored fish of the genera
Ch\'91todon, Pomacentrus,
Apogon, and related genera, which live among reef
corals.
Cor`al*la"ceous (?), a. Like
coral, or partaking of its qualities.
Co*ral"li*an (?), n.
(Geol.) A deposit of coralliferous limestone
forming a portion of the middle division of the o\'94lite; --
called also coral-rag.
Cor`al*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
corallum coral + -ferous.]
Containing or producing coral.
Cor"al*li*form (?), a. [L.
corallum coral + -form.]
resembling coral in form.
\'d8Cor`al*lig"e*na (?), n.;
pl. [NL., fr. L. corallum coral + root
of gignere to produce.] (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Anthozoa.
Cor`al*lig"e*nous (?), a.
producing coral; coraligerous; coralliferous.
Humble.
Cor`al*lig"er*ous (?), a [L.
corallum coral + -gerous.]
Producing coral; coraliferous.
Cor"al*lin (?), n. [So named in
allusion to the color of red corallin, fr. L. corallum
coral.] (Chem.) A yellow coal-tar dyestuff
which probably consists chiefly of rosolic acid. See
Aurin, and Rosolic acid under
Rosolic.
Red corallin, a red dyestuff which is obtained
by treating aurin or rosolic acid with ammonia; -- called also
p\'91onin. -- Yellow corallin.
See Aurin.
Cor"al*line (? , a. [Cf.
L. corallinus coralred.] Composed of
corallines; as, coralline limestone.
Cor"al*line, n. [Cf. F.
coralline.] 1. (Bot.) A
submarine, semicalcareous or calcareous plant, consisting of many
jointed branches.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Formerly any slender
coral-like animal; -- sometimes applied more particulary to
bryozoan corals.
Cor"al*lin*ite (?), n.
(Paleon.) A fossil coralline.
Cor"al*lite (?), n. [L.
corallum coral.] 1. (Min.)
A mineral substance or petrifaction, in the form of
coral.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the individual
members of a compound coral; or that part formed by a single
coral animal. [Written also
corallet.]
Cor"al*loid (?), a. [L.
corallum coral + -oid: cf. F.
corallo\'8bde.] Having the form of coral;
branching like coral.
Cor`al*loid"al (?), a.
resembling coral; coralloid.
Sir T. browne.
\'d8Co*ral"lum (?), n.
[L.] (Zo\'94l.) The coral or skeleton
of a zo\'94phyte, whether calcareous of horny, simple or
compound. See Coral.
Cor"al-rag` (?), n.
(geol.) Same as Corallian.
Cor"al*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) A cruciferous herb of certain species of
Dentaria; -- called also toothwort,
tooth violet, or pepper
root.
Cor"a*nach (?), n. [Gael.
coranach, or corranach, a crying, the Irish
funeral cry (the keen), a dirge; comh with
+ ranaich a roaring, ran to roar,
shriek.] A lamentation for the dead; a dirge.
[Written also coranich, corrinoch,
coronach, cronach, etc.]
[Scot.]
{ Co*rant (?), Co*ran"to
(?) }, n. [See
Courant.] A sprightly but somewhat stately
dance, now out of fashion.
It is harder to dance a corant well, than a
jig.
Sir W. temple.
Dancing a coranto with him upon the heath.
Macaulay.
Corb (?), n. [L. corbis
basket. Cf. Corbeil, Corp.]
1. A basket used in coal mines, etc. see
Corf.
2. (Arch.) An ornament in a building; a
corbel.
Cor"ban (?), n. [Heb.
qorb\'ben, akin to Ar. qurb\'ben.] 1.
(Jewish Antiq.) An offering of any kind, devoted to God and
therefore not be appropriated to any other use; esp., an offering
in fulfillment of a vow.
Numb. xviii. 9, xxxi.
50.
corban.
Dr. W. Smith.
2. An alms basket; a vessel to receive gifts of
charity; a treasury of the church, where offerings are
deposited.
Corbe (?), a. [OF.
corbe, fr. L. curvus. See
Cuve.] Crooked. [Obs.]
\'bdCorbe shoulder.\'b8
Spenser.
Cor"bell (?), n. [F.
corbeile, fr. L. corbicula a little basket,
dim. of corbis basket. Cf. Corbel,
Corb, Corvette.] 1.
(Arch.) A sculptured basket of flowers; a
corbel. [Obs.]
2. pl. (Fort.) Small
gabions.
Brande & C.
Cor"bel (?), n. [F.
corbeau, for older corbel, dim. of L.
corbis basket. (Corbels were often in the form of a
basket.) See Corbeil.] (Arch.) A
bracket supporting a superincumbent object, or receiving the
spring of an arch. Corbels were employed largely in Gothic
architecture.
Cor"bel, v. t. To furnish with a corbel
or corbels; to support by a corbel; to make in the form of a
corbel.
To corbel out, to furnish with a corbel of
courses, each projecting beyond the one next below it.
Cor"bel-ta`ble (?), n.
(Arch.) A horizontal row of corbels, with the
panels or filling between them; also, less properly used to
include the stringcourse on them.
{ Cor"bie Cor"by }
(?), n.; pl. Corbies
(#). [F. corbeau, OF.
corbel, dim. fr. L. corvus raven.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) The raven.
[Scot.]
2. (her.) A raven, crow, or chough, used
as a charge.
Corbie crow, the carrion crow.
[Scot.]
Cor"bie*step` (?), n.
(Arch.) One of the steps in which a gable wall is
often finished in place of a continuous slope; -- also called
crowstep.
Cor"cho*rus (?), n. [Nl., fr.
L. corchorus a poor kind of pulse, Gr.
ko`rchoros a wild plant of bitter taste.]
(Bot.) The common name of the kerria
Japonica or Japan globeflower, a yellow-flowered,
perennial, rosaceous plant, seen in old-fashioned gardens.
{ Cor"cle (?), Cor"cule
(?) }, n. [L. corculum
a little heart, dim. of cor heart.]
(Bot.) The heart of the seed; the embryo or
germ. [Obs.]
Cord (?), n. [F.
corde, L. chorda catgut, chord, cord, fr.
Gr. haruspex soothsayer
(inspector of entrails), Icel. g\'94rn, pl.
garnir gut, and E. yarn. Cf.
Chord, Yarn.] 1. A string,
or small rope, composed of several strands twisted
together.
2. A solid measure, equivalent to 128 cubic feet; a
pile of wood, or other coarse material, eight feet long, four
feet high, and four feet broad; -- originally measured with a
cord or line.
<-- p. 323 -->
3. Fig.: Any moral influence by which persons are
caught, held, or drawn, as if by a cord; an enticement; as,
the cords of the wicked; the cords of sin; the
cords of vanity.
The knots that tangle human creeds,
The wounding cords that bind and strain
The heart until it bleeds.
Tennyson.
4. (Anat.) Any structure having the
appearance of a cord, esp. a tendon or a nerve. See under
Spermatic, Spinal, Umbilical,
Vocal.
5. (Mus.) See Chord.
[Obs.]
Cord wood, wood for fuel cut to the length of
four feet (when of full measure).
Cord (k?rd), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Corded; p. pr. &
vb. n. Cording.] 1. To
bind with a cord; to fasten with cords; to connect with cords; to
ornament or finish with a cord or cords, as a garment.
2. To arrange (wood, etc.) in a pile for
measurement by the cord.
Cord"age (k?rd"?j), n. [F.
cordage. See Cord.] Ropes or
cords, collectively; hence, anything made of rope or cord, as
those parts of the rigging of a ship which consist of
ropes.
Cord"al (k?rd"al), n.
Same as Cordelle.
Cordate (k?r"d?t), a. [L.
cor, cordis, heart.]
(Bot.) Heart-shaped; as, a cordate
leaf.
Cor"date*ly, adv. In a cordate
form.
Cord"ed (k?rd"?d), a. 1.
Bound or fastened with cords.
2. Piled in a form for measurement by the
cord.
3. Made of cords. [Obs.] \'bdA
corded ladder.\'b8
Shak.
4. Striped or ribbed with cords; as, cloth with
a corded surface.
5. (Her.) Bound about, or wound, with
cords.
Cor`de*lier" (k?r`d??l?r"), n.
[F., fr. OF. cordel, F. cordeau, dim.
fr. corde string, rope. See Cord.]
1. (Eccl. Hist.) A Franciscan; -- so
called in France from the girdle of knotted cord worn by all
Franciscans.
2. (Fr. Hist.) A member of a French
political club of the time of the first Revolution, of which
Danton and Marat were members, and which met in an old Cordelier
convent in Paris.
Cor"del*ing (k?r"d?l??ng), a.
[F. cordeler to twist, fr. OF. cordel.
See Cordelier.] Twisting.
\'d8Cor*delle" (k?r-d?l"), n.
[F., dim. of corde cord.] A twisted
cord; a tassel.
Halliwell.
Cor"dial (k?r"jal, formally
k?rd"yal; 106, 277), a. [LL.
cordialis, fr. L. cor heart: cf. F.
cordial. See Heart.] 1.
Proceeding from the heart. [Obs.]
A rib with cordial spirits warm.
Milton.
2. Hearty; sincere; warm; affectionate.
He . . . with looks of cordial love
Hung over her enamored.
Milton.
3. Tending to revive, cheer, or invigorate; giving
strength or spirits.
Behold this cordial julep here
That flames and dances in his crystal bounds.
Milton.
Syn. -- Hearty; sincere; heartfelt; warm; affectionate;
cheering; invigorating. See Hearty.
Cor"dial, n. 1. Anything that
comforts, gladdens, and exhilarates.
Charms to my sight, and cordials to my mind.
Dryden.
2. (Med) Any invigorating and
stimulating preparation; as, a peppermint
cordial.
3. (Com.) Aromatized and sweetened
spirit, used as a beverage; a liqueur.
Cor*dial"i*ty (k, n.; pl.
Cordialities (-t. [LL.
cordialitas, fr. cordialis sincere: cf. F.
cordialit\'82.] 1. Relation to the
heart. [Obs.]
That the ancients had any respect of cordiality or
reference unto the heart, will much be doubted.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Sincere affection and kindness; warmth of
regard; heartiness.
Motley.
Cor"dial*ize (k?r"jal-?z al-?z; 106), v. t. 1.
To make into a cordial.
2. To render cordial; to reconcile.
Cor"dial*ize, v. i. To grow cordial; to
feel or express cordiality. [R.]
Cor"dial*ly, adv. In a cordial
manner.
Dr. H. More.
Cor"dial*ness, n. Cordiality.
Cotgrave.
Cor"di*er*ite (k,
n. [Named after the geologist
Cordier.] (Min.) See
Iolite.
Cor"do*form (k?r"d?-f?rm), a.
[L. cor, cordis, heart +
-form, cf. F. cordiforme.]
Heart-shaped.
Gray.
Cor*dil"ler*a (k?r-d?l"l?r-?; Sp.
k?r`d?-ly?"r?), n. [Sp., fr. OSp.
cordilla, cordiella, dim. of
cuerda a rope, string. See Cord.]
(Geol.) A mountain ridge or chain.
Cordillera is sometimes applied, in
geology, to the system of mountain chains near the border of a
continent; thus, the western cordillera of North
America in the United States includes the Rocky Mountains, Sierra
Nevada, Coast and Cascade ranges.
Cor"di*ner (k?r"d?-n?r), n. A
cordwainer. [Obs.]
Cor"don (k?r"d?n; F. k?r"d?n"),
n. [F., fr. corde. See
Cord.] 1. A cord or ribbon bestowed
or borne as a badge of honor; a broad ribbon, usually worn after
the manner of a baldric, constituting a mark of a very high grade
in an honorary order. Cf. Grand cordon.
2. The cord worn by a Franciscan friar.
Sir E. Sandys.
3. (Fort.) The coping of the scarp wall,
which projects beyong the face of the wall a few inches.
4. (Mil.) A line or series of sentinels,
or of military posts, inclosing or guarding any place or
thing.
5. A rich and ornamental lace or string, used to
secure a mantle in some costumes of state.
\'d8Cordon bleu (kd"
bl [F., blue cordon], a first-rate cook,
or one worthy to be the cook of the cordons bleus, or
Knights of the Holy Ghost, famous for their good dinners. --
\'d8Cordon sanitaire (kd"
s [F., sanitary cordon], a
line of troops or military posts around a district infected with
disease, to cut off communication, and thus prevent the disease
from spreading.
\'d8Cor`don`net" (k?r`d?n`n?"), n.
[F., dim. of cordon. See Cardon.]
Doubled and twisted thread, made of coarse silk, and used
for tassels, fringes, etc.
McElrath.
Cor"do*van (k?r"d?-v?n), n.
[Sp. cordoban, fr. Cordova, or
Cordoba, in Spain. Cf. Cordwain.]
Same as Cordwain. in England the name is applied to
leather made from horsehide.
Cor"du*roy` (k?r"d?-roi` ,
n. [Prob. for F. corde du roi king's
cord.] 1. A sort of cotton velveteen, having
the surface raised in ridges.
2. pl. Trousers or breeches of
corduroy.
Corduroy road, a roadway formed of logs laid
side by side across it, as in marshy places; -- so called from
its rough or ribbed surface, resembling corduroy.
[U.S.]
Cor"du*roy`, v. t. To form of logs laid
side by side. \'bdRoads were corduroyed.\'b8 Gemn.
W.T. Sherman.
Cord"wain (k?rd"w?n), n. [OE.
cordewan, cordian, OF. cordoan,
cordouan, fr. Sp. cordoban. See
Cordovan.] A term used in the Middle Ages for
Spanish leather (goatskin tanned and dressed), and hence, any
leather handsomely finished, colored, gilded, or the like.
Buskins he wore of costliest cordwain.
Spenser.
Cord"wain*er (-?r), n. [OE.
cordwaner, cordiner, fr. OF.
cordoanier, cordouanier, F.
cordonnier.] A worker in cordwain, or
cordovan leather; a shoemaker. [Archaic.]
Core (k?r), n. [F.
corps. See Corps.] A body of
individuals; an assemblage. [Obs.]
He was in a core of people.
Bacon.
Core, n. [Cf. Chore.]
(Mining.) A miner's underground working time or
shift.
Raymond.
cores.
Core, n. [Heb. k: cf. Gr.
A Hebrew dry measure; a cor or
homer.
Num. xi. 32 (Douay version).
Core, n. [OF. cor,
coer, cuer, F. c, fr. L.
cor heart. See Heart.] 1.
The heart or inner part of a thing, as of a column, wall,
rope, of a boil, etc.; especially, the central part of fruit,
containing the kernels or seeds; as, the core of an
apple or quince.
A fever at the core,
Fatal to him who bears, to all who ever bore.
Byron.
2. The center or inner part, as of an open space;
as, the core of a ssquare.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Raleigh.
3. The most important part of a thing; the essence;
as, the core of a subject.
4. (Founding) The prtion of a mold which
shapes the interior of a cylinder, tube, or other hollow casting,
or which makes a hole in or through a casting; a part of the
mold, made separate from and inserted in it, for shaping some
part of the casting, the form of which is not determined by that
of the pattern.
5. A disorder of sheep occasioned by worms in the
liver. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
6. (Anat.) The bony process which forms
the central axis of the horns in many animals.
Core box (Founding), a box or mold,
usually divisible, in which cores are molded. -- Core
print (Founding), a projecting piece on a
pattern which forms, in the mold, an impression for holding in
place or steadying a core.
Core, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cord (k?rd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coring.] 1. To take
out the core or inward parts of; as, to core an
apple.
He's likee a corn upon my great toe . . . he must be
cored out.
Marston.
2. To form by means of a core, as a hole in a
casting.
Co-re"gent (k?-r?"jent), n.
A joint regent or ruler.
Co`-re*la"tion (k?`r?-l?"sh?n), n.
Corresponding relation.
Co`-re*li"gion*ist (-l?j"?n-?st), n.
One of the same religion with another.
\'d8Co`re*op"sis (k?`r?-?p"s?s), n.
[NL., fr. GR. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous
composite plants, having the achenes two-horned and remotely
resembling some insect; tickseed. C. tinctoria, of the
Western plains, the commonest plant of the genus, has been used
in dyeing.
Cor"er (k?rr"?rr), n. That
which cores; an instrument for coring fruit; as, an apple
corer.
Co`-re*spond"ent (k?`rr?-sp?nd"ent),
n. (Law) One who is called upon to
answer a summons or other proceeding jointly with another.
Corf (k?rrf), n.; pl.
Corves (k. [Cf.LG. & D.
korf basket, G. korb, fr. L.
corbis.] 1. A basket.
2. (Mining) (a) A large basket
used in carrying or hoisting coal or ore. (b)
A wooden frame, sled, or low-wheeled wagon, to convey coal
or ore in the mines.
{ Cor"fi*ote (k?r"f?-?t),
Cor"fute (k?r"f?t), } n.
A native or inhabitant of Corfu, an island in the
Mediterranean Sea.
Co`ri*a"ceous (k?`r?-?"sh?s), a.
[L. coriaceous, fr. corium leather.
See Cuirass.] 1. Consisting of or
resembling, leather; leatherlike; tough.
2. (Bot.) Stiff, like leather or
parchment.
Co`ri*an"der (k?`r?-?n"d?r), n
[L. coriandrum, fr. Gr. coriandre.]
(Bot.) An umbelliferous plant, the
Coriandrum sativum, the fruit or seeds of which have a
strong smell and a spicy taste, and in medicine are considered as
stomachic and carminative.
Co"ri*dine (k?"r?-d?n; 104), n.
[From L. cortium leather.] A
colorless or yellowish oil, C10H15N, of a
leathery odor, occuring in coal tar, Dippel's oil, tobacco smoke,
etc., regarded as an organic base, homologous with pyridine.
Also, one of a series of metameric compounds of which coridine is
a type. [Written also corindine.]
Co*rin"don (k?-r?n"d?n), n.
(Min.) See Corrundum.
\'d8Co`rinne" (k?`r?n"), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The common gazelle (Gazella
dorcas). See Gazelle. [Written also
korin.]
Cor"inth (k?r"?nth), n. [L.
Corinthus, Gr. Currant.] 1. A city of Greece, famed
for its luxury and extravagance.
2. A small fruit; a currant.
[Obs.]
Broome.
Co*rin"thi*ac (k?-r?n"th?-?k), a.
[L. Corinthiacus.] Pertaining to
Corinth.
Co*rin"thi*an (-an), a.
1. Of or relating to Corinth.
2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to the
Corinthian order of architecture, invented by the Greeks, but
more commonly used by the Romans.
This is the lightest and most ornamental of the three orders
used by the Greeks.
Parker.
3. Debauched in character or practice;
impure.
Milton.
4. Of or pertaining to an amateur sailor or
yachtsman; as, a corinthian race (one in which the
contesting yachts must be manned by amateurs.)
Co*rin"thi*an, n. 1. A native
or inhabitant of Corinth.
2. A gay, licentious person.
[Obs.]
\'d8Co"ri*um (k?"r?-?m), n. [L.
corium leather.] 1. Armor made of
leather, particularly that used by the Romans; used also by
Enlish soldiers till the reign of Edward I.
Fosbroke.
2. (Anat.) (a) Same as
Dermis. (b) The deep layer of mucous
membranes beneath the epithelium.
Co*ri"val (k?-r?"val), n.
A rival; a corrival.
Co*ri"val, v. t. To rival; to pretend to
equal.
Shak.
{ Co*ri"val*ry, Co*ri"val*ship },
n. Joint rivalry.
Cork (k?rk), n. [Cf. G., Dan.,
& Sw. kork, D. kurk; all fr. Sp.
corcho, fr. L.
cortex, corticis, bark, rind. Cf.
Cortex.] 1. The outer layer of the
bark of the cork tree (Quercus Suber), of which
stoppers for bottles and casks are made. See
Cutose.
2. A stopper for a bottle or cask, cut out of
cork.
3. A mass of tabular cells formed in any kind of
bark, in greater or less abundance.
Cork is sometimes used wrongly for
calk, calker; calkin, a sharp
piece of iron on the shoe of a horse or ox.
Cork jackets, a jacket having thin pieces of
cork inclosed within canvas, and used to aid in swimming. --
Cork tree (Bot.), the species of oak
(Quercus Suber of Southern Europe) whose bark
furnishes the cork of commerce.
Cork, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Corked (k?rkt); p. pr. & vb.
n. Corking.] 1. To stop
with a cork, as a bottle.
2. To furnish or fit with cork; to raise on
cork.
Tread on corked stilts a prisoner's pace.
Bp. Hall.
cork is sometimes used erroneously for
to calk, to furnish the shoe of a horse or ox with
sharp points, and also in the meaning of cutting with a
calk.
Cork"age (-?j), n. The charge
made by innkeepers for drawing the cork and taking care of
bottles of wine bought elsewhere by a guest.
Corked (k?rkt), a. having
acquired an unpleasant taste from the cork; as, a bottle of
wine is corked.
Cork" fos`sil (k?rk" f?s`s?l).
(Min.) A variety of amianthus which is very
light, like cork.
Cork"i*ness (-?-n?s), n. The
quality of being corky.
Cork"ing pin` (k?rk"?ng p?n`). A pin of a
large size, formerly used attaching a woman's headdress to a cork
mold. [Obs.]
Swift.
Cork"screw` (-skr?"), n. An
instrument with a screw or a steel spiral for drawing corks from
bottles.
Corkscrew starts, a spiral staircase around a
solid newel.
Cork"screw`, v. t. To press forward in a
winding way; as, to corksrew one's way through a
crowd. [Colloq.]
Dickens.
Cork"wing` (-w?ng`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A fish; the goldsinny.
Cork"y (-?), a. 1.
Consisting of, or like, cork; dry shriveled up.
Bind fast hiss corky arms.
Shak.
2. Tasting of cork.
Corm (k?rm), n. [See
Cormus.] 1. (Bot.) A
solid bulb-shaped root, as of the crocus. See
Bulb.
2. (Biol.) Same as Cormus,
2.
Cor*mog"e*ny (k?r-m?j"?-n?), n.
[Gr. (Biol.) The embryological history of
groups or families of individuals.
Cor`mo*phy*log"e*ny (k?r`m?-f?-l?j"?-n?),
n. [Gr. phylogeny.] (Biol.) The
phylogeny of groups or families of individuals.
Haeckel.
<-- p. 324 -->
{ Cor"mo*phytes (k?r"m?-f?ts),
\'d8Cor*moph"y*ta (k?r-m?f"?-t?), }
n. pl. [NL. cormophyta, fr. Gr.
trunk of a tree +
(Bot.) A term proposed by Endlicher to include
all plants with an axis containing vascular tissue and with
foliage.
Cor`mo*rant (k?r"m?-rant),
n. [F. cormoran, fr. Armor.
m a sea raven; m sea +
bran raven, with cor, equiv. to L.
corvus raven, pleonastically prefixed; or perh. fr. L.
corvus marinus sea raven.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of
Phalacrocorax, a genus of sea birds having a sac under
the beak; the shag. Cormorants devour fish voraciously, and have
become the emblem of gluttony. They are generally black, and
hence are called sea ravens, and
coalgeese. [Written also
corvorant.]
2. A voracious eater; a glutton, or gluttonous
servant.
B. Jonson.
Cor"mo*raut, a. Ravenous;
voracious.
Cormorant, devouring time.
Shak.
\'d8Cor"mus (k?r"m?s), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr.
1. (Bot.) See Corm.
2. (Biol.) A vegetable or animal made up
of a number of individuals, such as, for example, would be formed
by a process of budding from a parent stalk wherre the buds
remain attached.
Corn (k?rn), n. [L.
cornu horn: cf. F. corne horn, hornlike
excrescence. See Horn.] A thickening of the
epidermis at some point, esp. on the toees, by friction or
pressure. It is usually painful and troublesome.
Welkome, gentlemen! Ladies that have their toes
Unplagued with corns, will have a bout with you.
Shak.
soft corn.
Corn, n. [AS. corn; akin to
OS. korn, D. koren, G., Dan., Sw., & Icel.
korn, Goth. ka, L. granum,
Russ. zerno. Cf. Grain,
Kernel.] 1. A single seed of certain
plants, as wheat, rye, barley, and maize; a grain.
2. The various farinaceous grains of the cereal
grasses used for food, as wheat, rye, barley, maize, oats.
corn is generally restricted
to oats, in the United States, to maize, or
Indian corn, of which there are several kinds; as,
yellow corn, which grows chiefly in the Northern
States, and is yellow when ripe; white or
southern corn, which grows to a great height, and has
long white kernels; sweet corn, comprising a number of
sweet and tender varieties, grown chiefly at the North, some of
which have kernels that wrinkle when ripe and dry; pop
corn, any small variety, used for popping.
3. The plants which produce corn, when growing in
the field; the stalks and ears, or the stalks, ears, and seeds,
after reaping and before thrashing.
In one night, ere glimpse of morn,
His shadowy flail had thrashed the corn.
Milton.
4. A small, hard particle; a grain.
\'bdCorn of sand.\'b8 Bp. Hall. \'bdA
corn of powder.\'b8 Beau & Fl.
Corn ball, a ball of popped corn stuck
together with soft candy from molasses or sugar. --
Corn bread, bread made of Indian meal. --
Corn cake, a kind of corn bread; johnny cake;
hoecake. -- Corn cockle (Bot.), a
weed (Agrostemma ), having bright
flowers, common in grain fields. -- Corn flag
(Bot.), a plant of the genus Gladiolus;
-- called also sword lily. -- Corn
fly. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small fly
which, in the larval state, is injurious to grain, living in the
stalk, and causing the disease called \'bdgout,\'b8 on account of
the swelled joints. The common European species is Chlorops
t\'91niopus. (b) A small fly
(Anthomyia ze) whose larva or maggot destroys seed
corn after it has been planted. -- Corn fritter,
a fritter having green Indian corn mixed through its
batter. [U. S.] -- Corn laws,
laws regulating trade in corn, especially those in force in
Great Britain till 1846, prohibiting the importation of foreign
grain for home consumption, except when the price rose above a
certain rate. -- Corn marigold. (Bot.)
See under Marigold. -- Corn oyster,
a fritter containing grated green Indian corn and butter, the
combined taste resembling that of oysters.
[U.S.] -- Corn parsley (Bot.),
a plant of the parsley genus (Petroselinum
ssegetum), a weed in parts of Europe and Asia. --
Corn popper, a utensil used in popping corn.
-- Corn poppy (Bot.), the red poppy
(Papaver Rh\'d2as), common in European cornfields; --
also called corn rose. -- Corn
rent, rent paid in corn. -- Corn rose.
See Corn poppy. -- Corn salad
(Bot.), a name given to several species of
Valerianella, annual herbs sometimes used for salad.
V. olitoria is also called lamb's
lettuce. -- Corn stone, red
limestone. [Prov. Eng.] -- Corn
violet (Bot.), a species of
Campanula. -- Corn weevil.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A small weevil which
causes great injury to grain. (b) In America, a
weevil (Sphenophorus ze\'91) which attacks the stalk
of maize near the root, often doing great damage. See Grain
weevil, under Weevil.
Corn, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Corned (k?rnd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Corning.] 1. To
preserve and season with salt in grains; to sprinkle with salt;
to cure by salting; now, specifically, to salt slightly in brine
or otherwise; as, to corn beef; to corn a
tongue.
2. To form into small grains; to granulate; as,
to corn gunpowder.
3. To feed with corn or (in Sctland) oats; as,
to corn horses.
Jamieson.
4. To render intoxicated; as, ale strong enough
to corn one. [Colloq.]
Corning house, a house or place where powder
is corned or granulated.
Cor"nage (k?r"n?j), n. [OF.,,
horn-blowing, tax on horned cattle, fr. F. corne a
horn, L. cornu.] (Law)
Anancient tenure of land, which obliged the tenant to give
notice of an invasion by blowing a horn.
Cor"na*mute (k?r"n?-m?t), n. A
cornemuse. [Obs.]
Corn"bind` (k?rn"b?nd`), n.
(Bot.) A weed that binds stalks of corn, as
Convolvulus arvensis, Polygonum
Convolvulus. [Prov. Eng.]
Corn"cob` (k?rn"k?b`), n. The
cob or axis on which the kernels of Indian corn grow.
[U.S.]
Corn"crake` (-kr?k`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A bird (Crex crex or
C. pratensis) which frequents grain fields; the
European crake or land rail; -- called also corn
bird.
Corn"crib` (k?rn"kr?b`), n. A
crib for storing corn.
Corn"cut`ter (-k?t`t?r), n.
1. A machine for cutting up stalks of corn for food
of cattle.
2. An implement consisting of a long blade,
attached to a handle at nearly a right angle, used for cutting
down the stalks of Indian corn.
Corn"dodg`er (-d?j`?r), n. A
cake made of the meal of Indian corn, wrapped in a covering of
husks or paper, and baked under the embers.
[U.S.]
Bartlett.
Cor"ne*a (k?r"n?-?), n.; pl.
Corneas (-. [Fem. sing., fr.
L. corneus horny, fr. cornu a horn. See
Horn.] (Anat.) The transparent
part of the coat of the eyeball which covers the iris and pupil
and admits light to the interior. See Eye.
Cor"ne*al (-al), a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to the cornea.
Cor"nel (-n?l), n. [OF.
cornille, cornoille, F.
cornouille, cornel berry, LL. cornolium
cornel tree, fr. L. cornus, fr. cornu
horn, in allusion to the hardness of the wood. See
Horn.] 1. (Bot.) The
cornelian cherry (Cornus Mas), a European shrub with
clusters of small, greenish flowers, followed by very acid but
edible drupes resembling cherries.
2. Any species of the genus Cornus, as
C. florida, the flowering cornel; C.
stolonifera, the osier cornel; C. Canadensis,
the dwarf cornel, or bunchberry.
Cor*nel"ian (k?r-n?lyan),
n. [F. cornaline, OF.
corneline, fr. L. cornu horn. So called
from its horny appearance when broken. See Horn, and cf.
Carnelian.] (Min.) Same as
Carnelian.
Corne"muse (k?rn"m?z), n.
[F.] A wind instrument nearly identical with the
bagpipe.
Drayton.
Cor"ne*o*cal*ca"re*ous (k?rn?-?-k?l-k?"r?-?s),
a.
1. (Zo\'94l.) Formed of a mixture of
horny and calcareous materials, as some shells and corals.
2. Horny on one side and calcareous on the
other.
Cor"ne*ouss (-?s), a. [L.
corneus, fr. cornu horn.] Of a
texture resembling horn; horny; hard.
Sir T. Browne.
Cor"ner (k?r"n?r), n. [OF.
corniere, cornier, LL.
cornerium, corneria, fr. L.
cornu horn, end, point. See Horn.]
1. The point where two converging lines meet; an
angle, either external or internal.
2. The space in the angle between converging lines
or walls which meet in a point; as, the chimney
corner.
3. An edge or extremity; the part farthest from the
center; hence, any quarter or part.
From the four corners of the earth they come.
Shak.
4. A secret or secluded place; a remote or out of
the way place; a nook.
This thing was not done in a corner.
Acts xxvi. 26.
5. Direction; quarter.
Sits the wind in that corner!
Shak.
6. The state of things produced by a combination of
persons, who buy up the whole or the available part of any stock
or species of property, which compels those who need such stock
or property to buy of them at their own price; as, a
corner in a railway stock. [Broker's
Cant]
Corner stone, the stone which lies at the
corner of two walls, and unites them; the principal stone;
especially, the stone which forms the corner of the foundation of
an edifice; hence, that which is fundamental importance or
indispensable. \'bdA prince who regarded uniformity of faith as
the corner stone of his government.\'b8
Prescott. -- Corner tooth, one of
the four teeth which come in a horse's mouth at the age of four
years and a half, one on each side of the upper and of the lower
jaw, between the middle teeth and the tushes.
Cor"ner, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cornered (-n?rd);p. pr. & vb.
n. Cornering.] 1. To
drive into a corner.
2. To drive into a position of great difficaulty or
hopeless embarrassment; as, to corner a person in
argument.
3. To get command of (a stock, commodity, etc.), so
as to be able to put one's own price on it; as, to
corner the shares of a railroad stock; to
corner petroleum.
Cor"ner*cap` (-k?p`), n. The
chief ornament. [Obs.]
Thou makest the triumviry the cornercap of
society.
Shak.
Cor"nered (-n?rd), p. a. 1
Having corners or angles.
2. In a possition of great difficulty; brought to
bay.
Cor"ner*wise` (-w?z`), adv.
With the corner in front; diagonally; not square.
Cor"net (k?r"n?t), n. [F.
cornet, m. (for senses 1 & 2), cornette, f.
& m. (for senses 3 & 4), dim. of corne horn,
L. cornu. See Horn.]
1. (Mus.) (a) An obsolete rude
reed instrument (Ger. Zinken), of the oboe
family. (b) A brass instrument, with cupped
mouthpiece, and furnished with valves or pistons, now used in
bands, and, in place of the trumpet, in orchestras. See
Cornet-\'85-piston. (c) A certain organ stop or
register.
2. A cap of paper twisted at the end, used by
retailers to inclose small wares.
Cotgrave.
3. (Mil.) (a) A troop of
cavalry; -- so called from its being accompanied by a cornet
player. [Obs.] \'bdA body of five
cornets of horse.\'b8 Clarendon. (b)
The standard of such a troop. [Obs.]
(c) The lowest grade of commissioned officer in a
British cavalry troop, who carried the standard. The office was
abolished in 1871.
4. A headdress: (a) A square
cap anciently worn as a mark of certain professions.
(b) A part of a woman's headdress, in the 16th
century.
5. [Cf. Coronet.] (Far.)
See Coronet, 2.
\'d8Cor"net-\'85-pis`ton (k?r"n?t-?-p?s"t?n; F.
k?r`n?`?p?s`t?n"), n.; pl.
Cornets-\'85-piston. [F.]
(Mus.) A brass wind instrument, like the trumpet,
furnished with valves moved by small pistons or sliding rods; a
cornopean; a cornet.
Cor"net*cy (k?r"n?t-s?), n. The
commission or rank of a cornet.
Cor"net*er (k?r"n?t-?r), n. One
who blows a cornet.
Cor"neule (k?r"n?l), n. [F.,
dim. of corn the cornea.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the corneas of a compound eye
in the invertebrates.
Carpenter.
Corn"field` (k?rn"f?ld`), n. A
field where corn is or has been growing; -- in England, a field
of wheat, rye, barley, or oats; in America, a field of Indian
corn.
Corn"floor` (-fl?r`), n. A
thrashing floor.
Hos. ix. 1.
Corn"flow`er (-flou`?r), n.
(Bot.) A conspicuous wild flower (Centaurea
Cyanus), growing in grainfields.
Cor"nic (k?r"n?k), a.
Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, the dogwood
(Cornus florida).
Cor"nice (k?r"n?s), n. [F.
corniche, It. cornice, LL.
coronix, cornix, fr. L. coronis
a curved line, a flourish with the pen at the end of a book or
chapter, Gr. corona crown. sEE
Crown, and cf. Coronis.]
(Arch.) Any horizontal, molded or otherwise
decorated projection which crowns or finishes the part to which
it is affixed; as, the cornice of an order,
pedestal, door, window, or house.
Gwilt.
Cornice ring, the ring on a cannon next behind
the muzzle ring.
Cor"niced (k?r"n?st), a. Having
a cornice.
Cor"ni*cle (k?r"n?-k'l), n. [L.
corniculum, dim. of cornu horn.]
A little horn. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cor*nic"u*lar (-l?r), n. [L.
cornicularius.] A secretary or clerk.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cor/nic"u*late (k?r-n?k"?-l?t), a.
[L. corniculatus.]
1. Horned; having horns.
Dr. H. More.
2. (Bot.) Having processes resembling
small horns.
\'d8Cor*nic"u*lum (k?r-n?k"?-l?m),
n.; pl. Cornicula
(-l. [L. corniculum little
horn.] (Anat.) A small hornlike part or
process.
Cor*nif"er*ous (k?r-n?f"?r-?s), a.
[L. cornu horn + -ferous.]
(Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest period of
the Devonian age.(See the Diagram, under Geology.) The
Corniferous period has been so called from the
numerous seams of hornstone which characterize the
later part of the period, as developed in the State of New
York.
Cor*nif"ic (k?r-n?f"?k), a. [L.
cornu horn + facere to make.]
Producing horns; forming horn.
Cor`ni*fi*ca"tion (k?r`n?-f?-k?"sh?n),
n. Conversion into, or formation of, horn; a
becoming like horn.
Cor"ni*fied (k?r"n?-f?d), a.
[L. cornu horn + -fy.]
(Anat.) Converted into horn; horny.
Cor"ni*form (-f?rm), a. [L.
cornu horn + -form.] Having the
shape of a horn; horn-shaped.
Cor*nig"er*ous (k?r-n?j"?r-?s), a.
[L. corniger; cornu horn +
gerere to bear.] Horned; having horns;
as, cornigerous animals.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cor"nin (k?r"n?n), n.
(Chem.) (a) A bitter principle obtained
from dogwood (Cornus florida), as a white crystalline
substance; -- called also cornic acid.
(b) An extract from dogwood used as a
febrifuge.
Cor"ni*plume (k?r"n?-pl?m), n.
[L. cornu horn + pluma
feather.] (Zo\'94l.) A hornlike tuft of
feathers on the head of some birds.
Cor"nish (k?r"n?sh), a. Of or
pertaining to Cornwall, in England.
Cornish chough. See Chough. --
Cornish engine, a single-acting pumping engine,
used in mines, in Cornwall and elsewhere, and for water works. A
heavy pump rod or plunger, raised by the steam, forces up the
water by its weight, in descending.
Cor"nish, n. The dialect, or the people,
of Cornwall.
Cor"nist, n. A performer on the cornet
or horn.
Corn"loft` (k?rn"l?ft`), n. A
loft for corn; a granary.
Corn"muse (-m?z), n. A
cornemuse.
\'d8Cor"no di bas*set"to (k?r"n? d? b?s-s?t"t? ; pl. Corni (-n di
basseto. [It.] (Mus.) A
tenor clarinet; -- called also basset horn,
and sometimes confounded with the English horn, which
is a tenor oboe.
\'d8Cor"no In*gle"se (?n-gl?"z?); pl.
Corni Inglesi (-z. [It.]
(Mus.) A reed instrument, related to the oboe,
but deeper in pitch; the English horn.
Cor*no"pe*an (k?r-n?"p?-an),
n. (Mus.) An obsolete name for the
cornet-\'85-piston.
Corn"shell`er (k?rn"sh?l`?r), n.
A machine that separates the kernels of corn from the
cob.
Corn"shuck` (-sh?k`), n. The
husk covering an ear of Indian corn. [Colloq.
U.S.]
Corn"stalk` (-st?k`), n. A
stalk of Indian corn.
Corn"starch` (-st?rch`), n.
Starch made from Indian corn, esp. a fine white flour used
for puddings, etc.
\'d8Cor"nu (k?r"n?), n; pl.
Cornua (-n. [L.]
A horn, or anything shaped like or resembling a horn.
Cor"nu Am*mo"nis (?m-m?"n?s); pl.
\'d8Cornua Ammonis. [L., horn of Ammon. See
Ammonite.] (Paleon.) A fossil
shell, curved like a ram's horn; an obsolete name for an
ammonite.
<-- p. 325 -->
Cor`nu*co"pi*a (k?r`n?-k?"p?-?), n.;
pl. Cornucopias (-. [L.
cornu copiae horn of plenty. See Horn, and
Copious.] 1. The horn of plenty,
from which fruits and flowers are represented as issuing. It is
an emblem of abundance.
2. pl. (Bot.) A genus of
grasses bearing spikes of flowers resembling the cornucopia in
form.
cornu copi\'91, and in the
plural, cornua copi\'91.
{ Cor"nute (k?r"n?t ,
Cor*nut"ed (k?r-n?"t?d), } a.
[L. cornutus horned, from cornu
horn.] 1. Bearing horns; horned;
horn-shaped.
2. Cuckolded. [R.] \'bdMy being
cornuted.\'b8
LEstrange.
Cor*nute" (k?r-n?t"), v. t. To
bestow horns upon; to make a cuckold of; to cuckold.
[Obs.]
Burton.
\'d8Cor*nu"to (k?r-n?"t?), n.
[It., fr. L. cornutus horned.] A man
that wears the horns; a cuckold. [R.]
Shak.
Cor*nu"tor (-t?r), n. A cuckold
maker. [R.]
Jordan.
Cor"ny (k?r"n?), a. [L.
cornu horn.] Strong, stiff, or hard, like a
horn; resembling horn.
Up stood the cornu reed.
Milton.
Corn"y, a. 1. Producing corn or
grain; furnished with grains of corn. [R.]
\'bdThe corny ear.\'b8
Prior.
2. Containing corn; tasting well of malt.
[R.]
A draught of moist and corny ale.
Chaucer.
3. Tipsy. [Vulgar, Eng.]
Forby.
Cor"o*core (k?r"?-k?r), n. A
kind of boat of various forms, used in the Indian
Archipelago.
Cor"o*dy (k?r"?-d?), n. [LL.
corrodium, corredium, conredium,
furniture, provision: cf. OF. conroi. See
Curry.] (Old Law) An allowance of
meat, drink, or clothing due from an abbey or other religious
house for the sustenance of such of the king's servants as he may
designate to receive it. [Written also
corrody.]
Cor"ol (k?r"?l), n.
(Bot.) A corolla.
Co*rol"la (k?-r?l"l?), n. [L.
corolla a little crown or garland, dim. of
corona. See Crown.] (Bot.)
The inner envelope of a flower; the part which surrounds the
organs of fructification, consisting of one or more leaves,
called petals. It is usually distinguished from the
calyx by the fineness of its texture and the gayness of its
colors. See the Note under Blossom.
Cor`ol*la"ceous (k?r`?l-l?"sh?s), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a corolla; having the form or
texture of a corolla.
Cor"ol*la*ry (k?r"?l-l?-r?; 277),
n.; pl. Corollaries
(-r. [L. corollarium gift,
corollary, fr. corolla. See Corolla.]
1. That which is given beyond what is actually due,
as a garland of flowers in addition to wages; surplus; something
added or superfluous. [Obs.]
Now come, my Ariel; bring a corollary,
Rather than want a spirit.
Shak.
2. Something which follows from the demonstration
of a proposition; an additional inference or deduction from a
demonstrated proposition; a consequence.
{ Cor"ol*late (k?r"?l-l?t),
Cor"ol*la`ted (-l?`t?d), } a.
Having a corolla or corollas; like a corolla.
Cor"ol*let (k?r"?l-l?t), n.
[Dim. fr. corolla.] (Bot.)
A floret in an aggregate flower. [Obs.]
Martyn.
{ Co*rol`li*flo"ral
(k?-r?l`l?-fl?"ral),
Co*rol`li*flo"rous (-fl?"r?s), }
a. [Corolla + L. flos,
floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having
the stamens borne on the petals, and the latter free from the
calyx. Compare Calycifloral and
Thalamifloral.
Cor"ol*line (-l?n), a. Of or
pertaining to a corolla.
Cor`o*man"del (k?r`?-m?n"del),
n. (Geol.) The west coast, or a
portion of the west coast, of the Bay of Bengal.
Coromandel gooseberry. See
Carambola. -- Coromandel wood,
Calamander wood.
Co*ro"na (k?-r?"n?), n.; pl. L.
Coron\'91 (-nCoronas
(-n. [L. corona crown. See
Crown.] 1. A crown or garland
bestowed among the Romans as a reward for distinguished
services.
2. (Arch.) The projecting part of a
Classic cornice, the under side of which is cut with a recess or
channel so as to form a drip. See Illust. of
Column.
3. (Anat.) The upper surface of some
part, as of a tooth or the skull; a crown.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The shelly skeleton of a
sea urchin.
5. (Astrol.) A peculiar luminous
apearance, or aureola, which surrounds the sun, and which is seen
only when the sun is totally eclipsed by the moon.
6. (Bot.) (a) An inner
appendage to a petal or a corolla, often forming a special cup,
as in the daffodil and jonquil. (b) Any
crownlike appendage at the top of an organ.
7. (Meteorol.) (a) A circle,
usually colored, seen in peculiar states of the atmosphere around
and close to a luminous body, as the sun or moon.
(b) A peculiar phase of the aurora
borealis, formed by the concentration or convergence of
luminous beams around the point in the heavens indicated by the
direction of the dipping needle.
8. A crown or circlet suspended from the roof or
vaulting of churches, to hold tapers lighted on solemn occasions.
It is sometimes formed of double or triple circlets, arranged
pyramidically. Called also corona lucis.
Fairholt.
9. (Mus.) A character [pause or hold.
Cor"o*nach (k?r"?-n?k), n. See
Coranach.
Cor"o*nal (k?r"?-nal esp. in
science, k?-r?"nal; 277), a.
[L. coronalis: cf. F. coronal.]
1. Of or pertaining to a corona (in any of the
senses).
The coronal light during the eclipse is faint.
Abney.
2. Of or pertaining to a king's crown, or
coronation.
The law and his coronal oath require his undeniable
assent to what laws the Parliament agree upon.
Milton.
3. Of or pertaining to the top of the head or
skull.
4. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
shell of a sea urchin.
Coronal suture (Anat.), a suture
extending across the skull between the parietal and frontal
bones; the frontoparietal suture.
Cor"o*nal, n. 1. A crown;
wreath; garland.
Spenser.
2. The frontal bone, over which the ancients wore
their coron\'91 or garlands.
Hooper.
Cor`o*na"men (k?r`-n?"m?n), n.
[L., a crowning.] (Zo\'94l.) The upper
margin of a hoof; a coronet.
Cor"o*na*ry (k?r"?-n?-r?), a.
[L. coronarius: cf. F.
coronaire.] 1. Of or pertaining to
a crown; ferming, or adapted to form, a crown or garland.
\'bdCoronary thorns.\'b8
Bp. Pearson.
The catalogue of coronary plants is not large in
Theophrastus.
Sir T. Browne.
2. (Anat.) Resembling, or situated like,
a crown or circlet; as, the coronary arteries and
veins of the heart.
Cor"o*na*ry, n. A small bone in the foot
of a horse.
{ Cor"o*nate (k?r"?-n?t),
Cor"o*na`ted (-n?`t?ed), } a.
[L. coronatus, p. p. of coronare to
crown, fr. corona. See Crown.]
1. Having or wearing a crown.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the
coronal feathers lengthened or otherwise distinguished; -- said
of birds. (b) Girt about the spire with a row
of tubercles or spines; -- said of spiral shells.
3. (Biol.) Having a crest or a crownlike
appendage.
Cor`o*na"tion (k?r`?-n?"sh?n), n.
[See Coronate.]
1. The act or solemnity of crowning a sovereign;
the act of investing a prince with the insignia of royalty, on
his succeeding to the sovereignty.
2. The pomp or assembly at a coronation.
Pope.
Coro"nel (k?r"nel), n.
[See Colonel.] A colonel.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Cor"o*nel (k?r"?-n?l ,
n. [Cf. Cronel, Crown.]
(Anc. Armor) The iron head of a tilting spear,
divided into two, three, or four blunt points.
[Written also cronel.]
Grose.
Cor"o*ner (k?r"?-n?r), n. [From
OE. coronen to crown, OF. coroner, fr. L.
coronare, fr. corona crown. Formed as a
translation of LL. coronator coroner, fr. L.
corona crown, the coroner having been originally a
prosecuting officer of the crown. See Crown.]
An officer of the peace whose principal duty is to inquire,
with the help of a jury, into the cause of any violent, sudden or
mysterious death, or death in prison, usually on sight of the
body and at the place where the death occurred. [In
England formerly also written and pronounced
crowner.]
coroner is abolished, that of medical
examiner taking its place.
Coroner's inquest. See under
Inquest.
Cor"o*net (k?r"?-n?t), n. [Dim.
of OE. corone crown; cf. OF. coronete. See
Crown, and cf. Crownet, Cronet.]
1. An ornamental or honorary headdress, having the
shape and character of a crown; particularly, a crown worn as the
mark of high rank lower than sovereignty. The word is used by
Shakespeare to denote also a kingly crown.
Without a star, a coronet, or garter.
Goldsmith.
coronet of the Prince of Wales
consist of a circlet of gold with four crosses
patt\'82e around the edge between as many
fleurs-de-lis. The center crosses are connected by an
arch which is surmounted by a globe or cross. The
coronet of a British duke is adorned with strawberry
leaves; that of a marquis has leaves with pearls interposed; that
of an earl raises the pearls above the leaves; that of a viscount
is surrounded with pearls only; that of a baron has only four
pearls.
2. (Far.) The upper part of a horse's
hoof, where the horn terminates in skin.
James White.
3. (Anc. Armor) The iron head of a
tilting spear; a coronel.
Crose.
Cor"o*net*ed (-n?t-?d),
a.Wearing, or entitled to wear, a coronet; of
noble birth or rank.
Co*ron"i*form (k?-r?n"?-f?rm ,
a. [L. corona crown +
-form.] Having the form of a crown or
coronet; resembling a crown.
Cor`o*nil"la (k?r`?-n?l"l?), n.
[NL., fr. L. corona crown: cf. F.
coronille.] (Bot.) A genus of
plants related to the clover, having their flowers arranged in
little heads or tufts resembling coronets.
Co*ro"nis (k?-r?"n?s), n. [Gr.
Cornice.]
1. In Greek grammar, a sign ['] sometimes placed
over a contracted syllable.
W. W. Goodwin.
2. The curved line or flourish at the end of a book
or chapter; hence, the end. [R.]
Bp. Hacket.
Cor"o*noid (k?r"?-noid), a.
[Gr. -oid: cf. F.
corono.] (Anat.) Resembling
the beak of a crow; as, the coronoid process of the
jaw, or of the ulna.
Cor"o*nule (k?r"?-n?l), n. [L.
coronula, dim. of corona crown.]
(Bot.) A coronet or little crown of a seed; the
downy tuft on seeds. See Pappus.
Martyn.
Co*roun" (k?-roun"), v. & n.
Crown. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ \'d8Co*ro"zo \'d8Co*ros"so }
(k?-r?"th? , n. [Cf. Sp.
cerozo a kind of palm tree.] The name in
Central America for the seed of a true palm; also, a commercial
name for the true ivory nut. See Ivory nut.
Cor"po*race (k?r"p?-r?s), n.
See Corporas.
Cor"po*ral (k?r"p?-ral), n.
[Corrupted fr. F. caporal, It.
caporale, fr. capo head, chief, L.
caput. See Chief, and cf.
Caporal.] (Mil.) A noncommissioned
officer, next below a sergeant. In the United States army he is
the lowest noncomissioned officer in a company of infantry. He
places and relieves sentinels.
Corporal's guard, a detachment such as would
be in charge of a corporal for guard duty, etc.; hence,
derisively, a very small number of persons. -- Lance
corporal, an assistant corporal on private's pay.
Farrow. -- Ship's corporal
(Naut.), a petty officer who assists the master at
arms in his various duties.
Cor"po*ral, a. [L.
corporalis, fr. corpus body. See
Corpse.] 1. Belonging or relating to
the body; bodily. \'bdPast corporal toil.\'b8
Shak.
Pillories and other corporal infections.
Milton.
Corporal punishment (law),
punishment applied to the body of the offender, including the
death penalty, whipping, and imprisonment.
2. Having a body or substance; not spiritual;
material. In this sense now usually written
corporeal.
Milton.
A corporal heaven . . . .where the stare are.
Latimer.
What seemed corporal melted
As breath into the wind.
Shak.
Syn. -- Corporal, Bodily,
Corporeal. Bodily is opposed to
mental; as, bodily affections.
Corporeal refers to the whole physical structure or
nature, of the body; as, corporeal substance or frame.
Corporal, as now used, refers more to punishment or
some infliction; as, corporal punishment. To speak of
corporeal punishment is an error. Bodily
austerities; the corporeal mold.
{ Cor"po*ral (k?r"p?-ral),
\'d8Cor`po*ra"le (-r?"l?), }
n. [LL. corporale: cf.F.
corporal. See Corporal,a.]
A fine linen cloth, on which the sacred elements are
consecrated in the eucharist, or with which they are covered; a
communion cloth.
Corporal oath, a solemn oath; -- so called
from the fact that it was the ancient usage for the party taking
it to touch the corporal, or cloth that covered the consecrated
elements.
Cor`po*ral"i*ty (k?r`p?-r?l"l?-t?),
n.: pl. Corporalities
(-t. [L. corporalitas: cf.
F.corporalit.] 1. The state of
being or having a body; bodily existence; corporeality; --
opposed to spirituality.
Dr. H. More.
2. A confraternity; a guild.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Cor"po*ral*ly (k?r"p?-ral-ly),
adv. In or with the body; bodily; as, to be
corporally present.
Sharp.
Cor"po*ral*ship, n. (Mil.) A
corporal's office.
Cor"po*ras (k?r"p?-r?s), n.
[Prop. pl. of corporal.] The corporal,
or communion cloth. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Cor"po*rate (k?r"p?-r?t), a.
[L. corporatus, p. p. of corporare to
shape into a body, fr. corpus body. See
Corpse.] 1. Formed into a body by
legal enactment; united in an association, and endowed by law
with the rights and liabilities of an individual; incorporated;
as, a corporate town.
2. Belonging to a corporation or incorporated
body. \'bdCorporate property.\'b8
Hallam.
3. United; general; collectively one.
They answer in a joint and corporate voice.
Shak.
Corporate member, an actual or voting member
of a corporation, as distinguished from an associate or an
honorary member; as, a corporate member of the
American Board.
Cor"po*rate (-r?t), v. t. To
incorporate. [Obs.]
Stow.
Cor"po*rate, v. i. To become
incorporated. [Obs.]
Cor"po*rate*ly (-r?t-l?), adv.
1. In a corporate capacity; acting as a coprporate
body.
2. In, or as regarda, the body.
Fabyan.
Cor`po*ra"tion (k?r`p?-r?"sh?n), n.
[L. corporatio incarnation: cf. F.
corporation corporation.] A body politic or
corporate, formed and authorized by law to act as a single
person, and endowed by law with the capacity of succession; a
society having the capacity of transacting business as an
individual.
Corporations are aggregate or
sole. Corporations aggregate consist of two
or more persons united in a society, which is preserved by a
succession of members, either forever or till the corporation is
dissolved by the power that formed it, by the death of all its
members, by surrender of its charter or franchises, or by
forfeiture. Such corporations are the mayor and aldermen of
cities, the head and fellows of a college, the dean and chapter
of a cathedral church, the stockholders of a bank or insurance
company, etc. A corporation sole consists of a single
person, who is made a body corporate and politic, in order to
give him some legal capacities, and especially that of
succession, which as a natural person he can not have. Kings,
bishops, deans, parsons, and vicars, are in England sole
corporations. A fee will not pass to a corporation sole without
the word \'bdsuccessors\'b8 in the grant. There are instances in
the United States of a minister of a parish seized of parsonage
lands in the right of his parish, being a corporation sole, as in
Massachusetts. Corporations are sometimes classified
as public and private; public
being convertible with municipal, and private
corporations being all corporations not municipal.
Close corporation. See under
Close.
Cor"po*ra`tor (k?r"p?-r?`t?r), n.
A member of a corporation, esp. one of the original
members.
Cor"po*ra*ture (k?r"p?-r?-t?r), n.
The state of being embodied; bodily existence.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Cor*po"re*al (k?r-p?"r?-a]/>l), a.
[L. corporeus, fr. corpus
body.] Having a body; consisting of, or pertaining to,
a material body or substance; material; -- opposed to
spiritual or immaterial.
His omnipotence
That to corporeal substance could add
Speed almost spiritual.
Milton.
Corporeal property, such as may be seen and
handled (as opposed to incorporeal, which can not be
seen or handled, and exists only in contemplation).
Mozley & W.
Syn. -- Corporal; bodily. See Corporal.
Cor*po"re*al*ism (-?z'm), n.
Materialism.
Cudworth.
<-- p. 326 -->
Cor*po"re*al*ist (k?r-p?"r?-a]/>l-?st),
n. One who denies the reality of spiritual
existences; a materialist.
Some corporealists pretended . . . to make a world
without a God.
Bp. Berkeley.
Cor*po`re*al"i*ty (-?l"?-t?), n.:
pl. Corporealities (-t. The
state of being corporeal; corporeal existence.
Cor*po"re*al*ly (k?r-p?"r?-a]/>l-l?),
adv. In the body; in a bodily form or
manner.
Cor*po"re*al*ness (-n?s), n.
Corporeality; corporeity.
Cor`po*re"i*ty (k?r`p?-r?"?-t?), n.
[LL. corporeitas: cf. F.
corpor.] The state of having a
body; the state of being corporeal; materiality.
The one attributed corporeity to God.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Those who deny light to be matter, do not therefore deny its
corporeity.
Coleridge.
Cor*por"i*fy (k?r-p?r"?-f?), v. t.
[L. corpus body + -fy: cf. F.
corporifier.] To embody; to form into a
body. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Cor"po*sant (k?r"p?-z?nt), n.
[It. corpo santo holy body.] St.
Elmo's fire. See under Saint.
Corps (k?r, pl. k?rz), n. sing. &
pl. [F., fr. L. corpus body. See
Corpse.] 1. The human body, whether
living or dead. [Obs.] See Corpse, 1.
By what craft in my corps, it cometh [commences]
and where.
Piers Plowman.
2. A body of men; esp., an organized division of
the military establishment; as, the marine corps;
the corps of topographical engineers; specifically,
an army corps.
A corps operating with an army should consist of
three divisions of the line, a brigade of artillery, and a
regiment of cavalry.
Gen. Upton (U. S. Tactics. )
3. A body or code of laws.
[Obs.]
The whole corps of the law.
Bacon.
4. (Eccl.) The land with which a prebend
or other ecclesiastical office is endowed.
[Obs.]
The prebendaries over and above their reserved rents have a
corps.
Bacon.
Army corps, Corps
d'arm\'82e (k, a body
containing two or more divisions of a large army, organized as a
complete army in itself. -- \'d8Corps de logis
(ke l [F., body of the
house], the principal mass of a building, considered
apart from its wings. -- Corps diplomatique
(k [F., diplomatic
body], the body of ministers or envoys accredited to a
government.
Corpse (k?rps), n. [OF.
cors (sometimes written corps), F.
corps, L. corpus; akin to AS.
hrif womb. See Midriff, and cf.
Corse, Corselet, Corps,
Cuerpo.] 1. A human body in general,
whether living or dead; -- sometimes contemptuosly.
[Obs.]
corps. See Corps, n., 1.
2. The dead body of a human being; -- used also
Fig.
He touched the dead corpse of Public Credit, and it
sprung upon its feet.
D. Webster.
Corpse candle. (a) A thick candle
formerly used at a lich wake, or the customary watching with a
corpse on the night before its interment. (b) A luminous
appearance, resembling the flame of a candle, sometimes seen in
churchyards and other damp places, superstitiously regarded as
portending death. -- Corpse gate, the gate of
a burial place through which the dead are carried, often having a
covered porch; -- called also lich
gate.
{ Cor"pu*lence (k?r"p?-lens),
Cor"pu*len*cy (k?r"p?-len-s?), }
n. [L. corpulentia: cf. F.
corpulence.]
1. Excessive fatness; fleshiness; obesity.
2. Thickness; density; compactness.
[Obs.]
The heaviness and corpulency of water requiring a
great force to divide it.
Ray.
Cor"pu*lent (-p?-lent), a.
[L. corpulentus, fr. corpus: cf. F.
corpulent. See Corpse.] 1.
Very fat; obese.
2. Solid; gross; opaque. [Obs.]
Holland.
Syn. -- Stout; fleshy; bulky; obese. See
Stout.
Cor"pu*lent*ly, adv. In a corpulent
manner.
\'d8Cor"pus (-p?s), n.; pl.
Corpora (-p. [L.]
A body, living or dead; the corporeal substance of a
thing.
Corpus callosum (k;
pl. Corpora callosa (-s [NL.,
callous body] (Anat.), the great band of
commissural fibers uniting the cerebral hemispheries. See
Brain. -- Corpus Christi
(kr [L., body of Christ] (R.
C. Ch.), a festival in honor of the eucharist, observed
on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday. -- Corpus Christi
cloth. Same as Pyx cloth, under
Pyx. -- Corpus delicti
(d [L., the body of the crime]
(Law), the substantial and fundamental fact of the
comission of a crime; the proofs essential to establish a
crime. -- Corpus luteum
(l; pl. Corpora lutea
(-. [NL., luteous body]
(Anat.), the reddish yellow mass which fills a
ruptured Grafian follicle in the mammalian ovary. --
Corpus striatum (str; pl.
Corpora striata (-t. [NL.,
striate body] (Anat.), a ridge in the wall
of each lateral ventricle of the brain.
Cor"pus*cle (-p?s-s'l), n. [L.
corpusculum, dim. of corpus.]
1. A minute particle; an atom; a molecule.
2. (Anat.) A protoplasmic animal cell;
esp., such as float free, like blood, lymph, and pus
corpuscles; or such as are imbedded in an
intercellular matrix, like connective tissue and cartilage
corpuscles. See Blood.
Virchow showed that the corpuscles of bone are
homologous with those of connective tissue.
Quain's Anat.
Red blood corpuscles (Physiol.), in
man, yellowish, biconcave, circular discs varying from
1/3500 to 1/3200 of an inch in
diameter and about 1/12400 of an inch thick. They
are composed of a colorless stroma filled in with semifluid
h\'91moglobin and other matters. In most mammals the red
corpuscles are circular, but in the camels, birds, reptiles, and
the lower vertebrates generally, they are oval, and sometimes
more or less spherical in form. In Amphioxus, and most
invertebrates, the blood corpuscles are all white or
colorless. -- White blood corpuscles
(Physiol.), rounded, slightly flattened, nucleated
cells, mainly protoplasmic in composition, and possessed of
contractile power. In man, the average size is about
1/2500 of an inch, and they are present in blood
in much smaller numbers than the red corpuscles.
Cor*pus"cu*lar (k?r-p?s"k?-l?r), a.
[Cf. F. corpusculaire.] Pertaining to,
or composed of, corpuscles, or small particles.
Corpuscular philosophy, that which attempts to
account for the phenomena of nature, by the motion, figure, rest,
position, etc., of the minute particles of matter. --
Corpuscular theory (Opt.), the theory
enunciated by Sir Isaac Newton, that light consists in the
emission and rapid progression of minute particles or corpuscles.
The theory is now generally rejected, and supplanted by the
undulatory theory.
Cor*pus`cu*la"ri*an (-l?"r?-a]/>n),
a. Corpuscular. [Obs.]
Cor*pus`cu*la"ri*an, n. An adherent of
the corpuscular philosophy.
Bentley.
Cor*pus"cule (k?r-p?s"k?l), n.
A corpuscle. [Obs.]
Cor*pus"cu*lous (-k?-l?s), a.
Corpuscular.
Tyndall.
Cor*rade" (k?r-r?d"), v. t. [L.
corradere, -rasum; cor- +
radere to rub.] 1. To gnaw into; to
wear away; to fret; to consume. [Obs.]
Dr. R. Clerke.
2. (Geol.) To erode, as the bed of a
stream. See Corrosion.
Cor*ra"di*al (k?r-r?"d?-a]/>l), a.
Radiating to or from the same point. [R.]
Coleridge.
Cor*ra"di*ate (k?r-r?"d?-?t), v. t.
To converge to one point or focus, as light or rays.
Cor*ra`di*a"tion (k?r-r?`d?-?"sh?n),
n. A conjunction or concentration of rays in one
point.
Bacom
Cor*ral" (k?r-r?l"; Sp. k?r-r?l"),
n. [Sp., a yard, a yard for cattle, fr.
corro a circle or ring, fr. L. currere to
run. Cf. Kraal.] A pen for animals; esp., an
inclosure made with wagons, by emigrants in the vicinity of
hostile Indians, as a place of security for horses, cattle,
etc.
Cor*ral", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Corraled (-r?ld" ; p.
pr. & vb. n. Corralling.] To
surround and inclose; to coop up; to put into an inclosed space;
-- primarily used with reference to securing horses and cattle in
an inclosure of wagons while traversing the plains, but in the
Southwestern United States now colloquially applied to the
capturing, securing, or penning of anything.
Bartlett.
Cor*ra"sion (k?r-r?"zh?n), n.
[See Corrade.] (Geol.) The
erosion of the bed of a stream by running water, principally by
attrition of the detritus carried along by the stream, but also
by the solvent action of the water.
Cor*ra"sive (-s?v), a.
Corrosive. [Obs.]
Corrasive sores which eat into the flesh.
Holland.
Cor*rect" (k?r-r?kt"), a. [L.
correctus, p. p. of corrigere to make
straight, to correct; cor- + regere to lead
straight: cf. F. correct. See Regular,
Right, and cf. Escort.] Set right,
or made straight; hence, conformable to truth, rectitude, or
propriety, or to a just standard; nnot faulty or imperfect; free
from error; as, correct behavior; correct
views.
Always use the most correct editions.
Felton.
Syn. -- Accurate; right, exact; precise; regular; faultless.
See Accurate.
Cor*rect", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Corrected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Correcting.] 1. To make right;
to bring to the standard of truth, justice, or propriety; to
rectify; as, to correct manners or
principles.
This is a defect in the first make of same men's minds which
can scarce ever be corrected afterwards.
T. Burnet.
2. To remove or retrench the faults or errors of;
to amend; to set right; as, to correct the proof
(that is, to mark upon the margin the changes to be made, or to
make in the type the changes so marked).
3. To bring back, or attempt to bring back, to
propriety in morals; to reprove or punish for faults or
deviations from moral rectitude; to chastise; to discipline;
as, a child should be corrected for
lying.
My accuser is my 'prentice; and when I did correct
him for his fault the other day, he did vow upon his knees he
would be even with me.
Shak.
4. To counteract the qualities of one thing by
those of another; -- said of whatever is wrong or injurious;
as, to correct the acidity of the stomach by
alkaline preparations.
Syn. -- To amend; rectify; emend; reform; improve; chastise;
punish; discipline; chasten. See Amend.
{ Cor*rect"i*ble (-r?k"t?-b'l),
Cor*rect"a*ble (-r?k"t?-b'l), }
a. Capable of being corrected.
Cor*rect"i*fy (k?r-r?k"t?-f?), v. t.
To correct. [Obs.]
When your worship's plassed to correctify a
lady.
Beau & Fl.
Cor*rec"tion (k?r-r?k"sh?n), n.
[L. correctio: cf. F.
correction.] 1. The act of
correcting, or making that right which was wrong; change for the
better; amendment; rectification, as of an erroneous
statement.
The due correction of swearing, rioting, neglect of
God's word, and other scandalouss vices.
Strype.
2. The act of reproving or punishing, or that which
is intended to rectify or to cure faults; punishment; discipline;
chastisement.
Correction and instruction must both work
Ere this rude beast will profit.
Shak.
3. That which is substituted in the place of what
is wrong; an emendation; as, the corrections on a
proof sheet should be set in the margin.
4. Abatement of noxious qualities; the
counteraction of what is inconvenient or hurtful in its effects;
as, the correction of acidity in the
stomach.
5. An allowance made for inaccuracy in an
instrument; as, chronometer correction; compass
correction.
Correction line (Surv.), a parallel
used as a new base line in laying out township in the government
lands of the United States. The adoption at certain intervals of
a correction line is necessitated by the convergence
of of meridians, and the statute requirement that the townships
must be squares. -- House of correction, a
house where disorderly persons are confined; a bridewell. --
Under correction, subject to correction; admitting
the possibility of error.
Cor*rec"tion*al (k?r-r?k"sh?n-a]/>l),
a. [Cf. F. correctionnel.]
Tending to, or intended for, correction; used for
correction; as, a correctional
institution.
Cor*rec"tion*er (-?r), n. One
who is, or who has been, in the house of correction.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Cor*rect"ive (k?rr-r?k"t?v), a.
[Cf. F. correctif.]
1. Having the power to correct; tending to rectify;
as, corrective penalties.
Mulberries are pectoral, corrective of billious
alkali.
Arbuthnot.
2. Qualifying; limiting. \'bdThe Psalmist
interposeth . . . this corrective particle.\'b8
Holdsworth.
Cor*rect"ive, n. 1. That which
has the power of correcting, altering, or counteracting what is
wrong or injurious; as, alkalies are correctives of
acids; penalties are correctives of immoral
conduct.
Burke.
2. Limitation; restriction.
[Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.
Cor*rect"ly (k?r-r?kt"l?), adv.
In a correct manner; exactly; acurately; without fault or
error.
Cor*rect"ness, n. The state or quality
of being correct; as, the correctness of opinions or
of manners; correctness of taste; correctness
in writing or speaking; the correctness of a text or
copy.
Syn. -- Accuracy; exactness; precision; propriety.
Cor*rect"or (k?r-r?kt"?r), n.
[L.] One who, or that which, corrects; as, a
corrector of abuses; a corrector of the press;
an alkali is a corrector of acids.
Cor*rect"o*ry (-?-r?), a.
Containing or making correction; corrective.
Cor*rect"ress (-r?s), n. A
woman who corrects.
\'d8Cor*reg"i*dor (k?r-r?j"?-d?r; Sp.
k?r-r?`h?-d?r"), n. [Sp., orig., a
corrector.] The chief magistrate of a Spanish
town.
Cor"rei (k?r"r?), n. [Scot.,
perh. fr. Celt. cor a corner.] A hollow in
the side of a hill, where game usually lies. \'bdFleet foot
on the correi.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Cor`re*lat"a*ble (k3r`r?-l?t"?-b'l),
a. Such as can be correlated; as,
correlatable phenomena.
Cor`re*late" (k?r`r?-l?t" ,
v. i. [imp. & p. p.
Correlated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Correlating.] [Pref. cor- +
relate.] To have reciprocal or mutual
relations; to be mutually related.
Doctrine and worship correlate as theory and
practice.
Tylor.
Cor`re*late", v. t. To put in relation
with each other; to connect together by the disclosure of a
mutual relation; as, to correlate natural
phenomens.
Darwin.
Cor"re*late (k?r"r?-l?t), n.
One who, or that which, stands in a reciprocal relation to
something else, as father to son; a correlative.
South.
Cor`re*la"tion (-l?"sh?n), n.
[LL. correlatio; L. cor- +
relatio: cf. F. corr\'82lation. Cf.
Correlation.] Reciprocal relation;
corresponding similarity or parallelism of relation or law;
capacity of being converted into, or of giving place to, one
another, under certain conditions; as, the
correlation of forces, or of zymotic
diseases.
Correlation of energy, the relation to one
another of different forms of energy; -- usually having some
reference to the principle of conservation of energy. See
Conservation of energy, under
Conservation. -- Correlation of forces,
the relation between the forces which matter, endowed with
various forms of energy, may exert.
Cor*rel"a*tive (k?r-r?l"?-t?v), a.
[Cf. F. corr\'82latif.] Having or
indicating a reciprocal relation.
Father and son, prince and subject, stranger and citizen, are
correlative terms.
Hume.
Cor*rel"a*tive, n. 1. One who,
or that which, stands in a reciprocal relation, or is correlated,
to some other person or thing.
Locke.
Spiritual things and spiritual men are
correlatives.
Spelman.
2. (Gram.) The antecedent of a
pronoun.
Cor*rel"a*tive*ly, adv. In a correlative
relation.
Cor*rel"a*tive*ness, n. Quality of being
correlative.
Cor`re*li"gion*ist (k?r`r?-l?j"?n-?st),
n. A co-religion
Cor*rep"tion (k?r-r?p"sh?n), n.
[L. correptio, fr.
corripere to seize.] Chiding; reproof;
reproach. [Obs.]
Angry, passionate correption being rather apt to
provoke, than to amend.
Hammond.
Cor`re*spond" (k?r`r?-sp?nd"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Corresponded;
p. pr. & vb. n. Corresponding.]
[Pref. cor- + respond: cf. f.
correspondre.] 1. To be like
something else in the dimensions and arrangement of its parts; --
followed by with or to; as, concurring
figures correspond with each other
throughout.
None of them [the forms of Sidney's sonnets]
correspond to the Shakespearean type.
J. A. Symonds.
2. To be adapted; to be congruous; to suit; to
agree; to fit; to answer; -- followed by to.
Words being but empty sounds, any farther than they are signs
of our ideas, we can not but assent to them as they
correspond to those ideas we have, but no farther.
Locke.
3. To have intercourse or communion; especially, to
hold intercourse or to communicate by sending and receiving
letters; -- followed by with.
After having been long in indirect communication with the
exiled family, he [Atterbury] began to correspond
directly with the Pretender.
Macualay.
Syn. -- To agree; fit; answer; suit; write; address.
Cor`re*spond"ence (-sp?nd"ens),
n. [Cf. F. correspondance.]
1. Friendly intercourse; reciprocal exchange of
civilities; especially, intercourse between persons by means of
letters.
Holding also good correspondence with the other
great men in the state.
Bacon.
To facilitate correspondence between one part of
London and another, was not originally one of the objects of the
post office.
Macualay.
<-- p. 327 -->
2. The letters which pass between
correspondents.
3. Mutual adaptation, relation, or agreement, of
one thing to another; agreement; congruity; fitness;
relation.
Cor`re*spond"en*cy
(k$r`r?--sp?nd"en-s?), n.; pl.
Correspondencies (-s. Same as
Correspondence, 3.
The correspondencies of types and antitypes . . .
may be very reasonable confirmations.
S. Clarke.
Cor`re*spond"ent (-ent), a.
[Cf. F. correspondant.] Suitable;
adapted; fit; corresponding; congruous; conformable; in accord or
agreement; obedient; willing.
Action correspondent or repugnant unto the law.
Hooker.
As fast the correspondent passions rise.
Thomson.
I will be correspondent to command.
Shak.
Cor`re*spond"ent, n. 1. One
with whom intercourse is carried on by letter.
Macualay.
2. One who communicates information, etc., by
letter or telegram to a newspaper or periodical.
3. (Com.) One who carries on commercial
intercourse by letter or telegram with a person or firm at a
distance.
Cor`re*spond"ent*ly, adv. In a a
corresponding manner; conformably; suitably.
Cor`re*spond"ing, a. 1.
Answering; conformable; agreeing; suiting; as,
corresponding numbers.
2. Carrying on intercourse by letters.
Corresponding member of a society, one
residing at a distance, who has been invited to correspond with
the society, and aid in carrying out its designs without taking
part in its management.
Cor`re*spond"ing*ly, adv. In a
corresponding manner; conformably.
Cor`re*spon"sive (-r?-sp?n"s?v), a.
Corresponding; conformable; adapted. Shak. --
Cor`re*spon"sive*ly,
adv.
Cor"ri*dor (k?r"r?-d?r ,
n. [F., fr. Itt. corridpore, or Sp.
corredor; prop., a runner, hence, a running or long
line, a gallery, fr. L. currere to run. See
Course.]
1. (Arch.) A gallery or passageway
leading to several apartments of a house.
2. (Fort.) The covered way lying round
the whole compass of the fortifications of a place.
[R.]
Cor"rie (k?r"r?), n. Same as
Correi. [Scot.]
Geikie.
\'d8Cor`ri*gen"dum (k?r`r?-j?n"d?m),
n.; pl. Corrigenda
(-d. [L.] A fault or
error to be corrected.
Cor"ri*gent (k?r"r?--jent),
n. [L. corrigens, p. pr. of
corrigere to correct.] (Med.) A
substance added to a medicine to mollify or modify its
action.
Dunglison.
Cor`ri*gi*bil"i*ty (-j?-b?l"?-t?),
n. Quality of being corrigible; capability of
being corrected; corrigibleness.
Cor"ri*gi*ble (k?r"r?-j?-b'l), a.
[LL. corribilis, fr. L. corrigere to
correct: cf. F. corrigible. See
Correrct.]
1. Capable of being set right, amended, or
reformed; as, a corrigible fault.
2. Submissive to correction; docile.
\'bdBending down his corrigible neck.\'b8
Shak.
3. Deserving chastisement; punishable.
[Obs.]
He was taken up very short, and adjudged corrigible
for such presumptuous language.
Howell.
4. Having power to correct; corrective.
[Obs.]
The . . . .corrigible authority of this lies in our
wills.
Shak.
Cor"ri*gi*ble*ness, n. The state or
quality of being corrigible; corrigibility.
Cor*ri"val (k?r-r?"val), n.
A fellow rival; a competitor; a rival; also, a
companion. [R.]
Shak.
Cor*ri"val, a. Having rivaling claims;
emulous; in rivalry. [R.]
Bp. Fleetwood.
Cor*ri"val, v. i. & t. To compete with;
to rival. [R.]
Cor*ri"val*ry (k?r-r?"val-r?),
n. Corivalry. [R.]
Cor*ri"val*ship, n. Corivalry.
[R.]
By the corrivalship of Shager his false friend.
Sir T. Herbert.
Cor"ri*vate (k?r"r?-v?t), v. t.
[L. corrivatus, p. p. of corrivare to
corrivate.] To cause to flow together, as water drawn
from several streams. [Obs.]
Burton.
Cor`ri*va"tion (-v?"sh?n), n.
[L. corrivatio.] The flowing of
different streams into one. [Obs.]
Burton.
Cor*rob"o*rant (k?r-r?b"?-rant),
a. [L. corroborans, p. pr. See
Corroborate.] Strengthening; supporting;
corroborating. Bacon. -- n.
Anything which gives strength or support; a tonic.
The brain, with its proper corroborants, especially
with sweet odors and with music.
Southey.
Cor*rob"o*rate (k?r-r?b"?-r?t), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Corroborated (-r?`t?d); p. pr. & vb.
n. Corroborating (-r?`t?ng).
] [L. corroboratus, p. p. of
corroborare to corroborate; cor- +
roborare to strengthen, robur strength. See
Robust.] 1. To make strong, or to
give additional strength to; to strengthen.
[Obs.]
As any limb well and duly exercised, grows stronger, the
nerves of the body are corroborated thereby.
I. Watts.
2. To make more certain; to confirm; to
establish.
The concurrence of all corroborates the same
truth.
I. Taylor.
Cor*rob"o*rate (-r?t), a.
Corroborated. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Cor*rob`o*ra"tion (k?r-r?b`?-r?"sh?n),
n. [Cf. F. corroboration.]
1. The act of corroborating, strengthening, or
confirming; addition of strength; confirmation; as, the
corroboration of an argument, or of
information.
2. That which corroborates.
Cor*rob"o*ra*tive (k?r-r?b"?-r?-t?v),
a. [Cf. F. corroboratif.]
Tending to strengthen of confirm.
Cor*rob"o*ra*tive, n. A medicine that
strengthens; a corroborant.
Wiseman.
Cor*rob"o*ra*to*ry (-t?-r?), a.
Tending to strengthen; corroborative; as,
corroboratory facts.
Cor*rode" (k?r-r?d") v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Corroded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Corroding.] [L.
corrodere, -rosum; cor + rodere
to gnaw: cf. F. corroder. See Rodent.]
1. To eat away by degrees; to wear away or diminish
by gradually separating or destroying small particles of, as by
action of a strong acid or a caustic alkali.
Aqua fortis corroding copper . . . is wont to
reduce it to a green-blue solution.
Boyle.
2. To consume; to wear away; to prey upon; to
impair.
Cor*rode", v. i. To have corrosive
action; to be subject to corrosion.
Corroding lead, lead sufficiently pure to be
used in making white lead by a process of corroding.
Syn. -- To canker; gnaw; rust; waste; wear away.
Cor*rod"ent (k?r-r?"dent),
a. [L. corrodens, p. pr. of
corrodere.] Corrosive.
[R.]
Bp. King.
Cor*rod"ent, n. Anything that
corrodes.
Bp. King.
Cor*ro"di*ate (k?r-r?"d?-?t), v. t.
[See Corrode.] To eat away by degrees;
to corrode. [Obs.]
Sandys.
Cor*ro`di*bil"i*ty (k?r-r?`d?-b?l"?-t?),
n. The qualityof being corrodible.
[R.]
Johnson.
Cor*rod"i*ble (k?r-r?"d?-b'l), a.
Capable of being corroded; corrosible.
Sir T. Browne.
Cor*ro`si*bil"i*ty (k?r-r?`s?-b?l"?-t?),
n. Corrodibility.
\'bdCorrosibility . . . answers corrosiveness.\'b8
Boyle.
Cor*ro"si*ble (k?r-r?"s?-b'l), a.
Corrodible.
Bailey.
Cor*ro"si*ble*ness, n. The quality or
state of being corrosible.
Bailey.
Cor*ro"sion (k?r-r?"zh?n), n.
[LL. corrosio: cf. F. corrosion. See
Corrode.] The action or effect of corrosive
agents, or the process of corrosive change; as, the rusting
of iron is a variety of corrosion.
Corrosion is a particular species of dissolution of
bodies, either by an acid or a saline menstruum.
John Quincy.
Cor*ro"sive (k?r-r?"s?v), a.
[Cf. F. corrosif.] 1. Eating
away; having the power of gradually wearing, changing, or
destroying the texture or substance of a body; as, the
corrosive action of an acid.
\'bdCorrosive liquors.\'b8 Grew.
\'bdCorrosive famine.\'b8Thomson.
2. Having the quality of fretting or vexing.
Care is no cure, but corrosive.
Shak.
Corrosive sublimate (Chem.),
mercuric chloride, HgCl2; so called because
obtained by sublimation, and because of its harsh irritating
action on the body tissue. Usually it is in the form of a heavy,
transparent, crystalline substance, easily soluble, and of an
acrid, burning taste. It is a virulent poison, a powerful
antiseptic, and an exellent antisyphilitic; called also
mercuric bichloride. It is to be carefully
distinguished from calomel, the mild chloride of
mercury.
Cor*ro"sive, n. 1. That which
has the quality of eating or wearing away gradually.
[Corrosives] act either directly, by chemically
destroying the part, or indirectly by causing inflammation and
gangrene.
Dunglison.
2. That which has the power of fretting or
irritating.
Such speeches . . . are grievous corrosives.
Hooker.
-- Cor*ro"sive*ly, adv. --
Cor*ro"sive*ness, n.
Cor*ro"val (kr-r?"val), n.
A dark brown substance of vegetable origin, allied to
curare, and used by the natives of New Granada as an arrow
poison.
Cor*ro"va*line (-v?-l?n ,
n. (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid
extracted from corroval, and characterized by its immediate
action in paralyzing the heart.
Cor"ru*gant (k?r"r?-gant),
a. [L. corrugans, p.
pr. See Corrugate.] Having the
power of contracting into wrinkles.
Johnson.
Cor"ru*gate (k?r"r?-g?t), a.
[L. corrugatus, p. p. of corrugare;
cor-+ rugare to wrinkle, ruga wrinkle; of
uncertain origin.] Wrinkled; crumpled; furrowed;
contracted into ridges and furrows.
Cor"ru*gate (-g?t), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Corrugated
(-g?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Corrugating (-g?`t?ng).] To
form or shape into wrinkles or folds, or alternate ridges and
grooves, as by drawing, contraction, pressure, bending, or
otherwise; to wrinkle; to purse up; as, to corrugate
plates of iron; to corrugate the forehead.
Corrugated iron, sheet iron bent into a series
of alternate ridges and grooves in parallel lines, giving it
greater stiffness. -- Corrugated paper, a
thick, coarse paper corrugated in order to give it elasticity. It
is used as a wrapping material for fragile articles, as
bottles.
Cor`ru*ga"tion (k?r`r?-g?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. corrugation.] The act
corrugating; contraction into wrinkles or alternate ridges and
grooves.
Cor"ru*ga`tor (k?r"r?-g?`t?r), n.
[NL.; cf. F. corrugateur.]
(Anat.) A muscle which contracts the skin of the
forehead into wrinkles.
Cor*ru"gent (k?r-r?"jent),
a. (Anat.) Drawing together;
contracting; -- said of the corrugator. [Obs.]
Cor*rump" (k?r-r?mp"), v. t.
[L. corrumpere.] To corrupt. See
Corrupt. [Obs.]
Chauser.
Cor*rump"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Corruptible. [Obs.]
Cor*rupt` (k?r-r?pt"), a. [L.
corruptus, p. p. of corrumpere to corrupt;
cor- + rumpere to break. See
Rupture.] 1. Changed from a sound to
a putrid state; spoiled; tainted; vitiated; unsound.
Who with such corrupt and pestilent bread would
feed them.
Knolles.
2. Changed from a state of uprightness,
correctness, truth, etc., to a worse state; vitiated; depraved;
debased; perverted; as, corrupt language;
corrupt judges.
At what ease
Might corrupt minds procure knaves as
corrupt
To swear against you.
Shak.
3. Abounding in errors; not genuine or correct;
as, the text of the manuscript is
corrupt.
Cor*rupt", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Corrupted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Corrupting.] 1. To change from
a sound to a putrid or putrescent state; to make putrid; to
putrefy.
2. To change from good to bad; to vitiate; to
deprave; to pervert; to debase; to defile.
Evil communications corrupt good manners.
1. Cor. xv. 33.
3. To draw aside from the path of rectitude and
duty; as, to corrupt a judge by a bribe.
Heaven is above all yet; there sits a Judge
That no king can corrupt.
Shak.
4. To debase or render impure by alterations or
innovations; to falsify; as, to corrupt language; to
corrupt the sacred text.
He that makes an ill use of it [language], though he does not
corrupt the fountains of knowledge, . . . yet he stops
the pines.
Locke.
5. To waste, spoil, or consume; to make
worthless.
Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and
rust doth corrupt.
Matt. vi. 19.
Cor*rupt" (k?r-r?pt"), v. i.
1. To become putrid or tainted; to putrefy; to
rot.
Bacon.
2. To become vitiated; to lose putity or
goodness.
Cor*rupt"er (k?r-r?p"t?r), n.
One who corrupts; one who vitiates or taints; as, a
corrupter of morals.
Cor*rupt"ful (-f?l), a. Tending
to corrupt; full of corruption. [Obs.]
\'bdCorruptful bribes.\'b8
Spenser.
Cor*rupt`i*bil"i*ty (k?r-r?p`t?-b?l"?-t?),
n. [L. corruptibilitas: cf. F.
corruptibilit\'82.] The quality of being
corruptible; the possibility or liability of being corrupted;
corruptibleness.
Burke.
Cor*rupt"i*ble (k?r-r?p"t?-b'l), a.
[L. corruptibilis: cf. F.
corruptible.] 1. Capable of being
made corrupt; subject to decay. \'bdOur
corruptible bodies.\'b8
Hooker.
Ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as
silver and gold.
1 Pet. i. 18.
2. Capable of being corrupted, or morally vitiated;
susceptible of depravation.
They systematically corrupt very corruptible
race.
Burke.
-- Cor*rupt"i*ble*ness, n. --
Cor*rupt"i*bly, adv.
Cor*rupt"i*ble, n. That which may decay
and perish; the human body. [Archaic]
1 Cor. xv. 53.
Cor*rupt"ing*ly, adv. In a manner that
corrupts.
Cor*rup"tion (k?r-r?p"sh?n), n.
[F. corruption, L. corruptio.]
1. The act of corrupting or making putrid, or state
of being corrupt or putrid; decomposition or disorganization, in
the process of putrefaction; putrefaction; deterioration.
The inducing and accelerating of putrefaction is a subject of
very universal inquiry; for corruption is a reciprocal
to \'bdgeneration\'b8.
Bacon.
2. The product of corruption; putrid matter.
3. The act of corrupting or of impairing integrity,
virtue, or moral principle; the state of being corrupted or
debased; loss of purity or integrity; depravity; wickedness;
impurity; bribery.
It was necessary, by exposing the gross corruptions
of monasteries, . . . to exite popular indignation against
them.
Hallam.
They abstained from some of the worst methods of
corruption usual to their party in its earlier
days.
Bancroft.
Corruption, when applied to officers,
trustees, etc., signifies the inducing a violation of duty by
means of pecuniary considerations.
Abbott.
4. The act of changing, or of being changed, for
the worse; departure from what is pure, simple, or correct;
as, a corruption of style; corruption in
language.
Corruption of blood (Law), taint or
impurity of blood, in consequence of an act of attainder of
treason or felony, by which a person is disabled from inheriting
any estate or from transmitting it to others.
Corruption of blood can be removed only by act of
Parliament.
Blackstone.
Syn. -- Putrescence; putrefaction; defilement;
contamination; deprivation; debasement; adulteration; depravity;
taint. See Depravity.
Cor*rup"tion*ist, n. One who corrupts,
or who upholds corruption.
Sydney Smith.
Cor*rupt"ive (k?r-r?p"t?v), a.
[L. corruptivus: cf. F.
corruptif.] Having the quality of taining
or vitiating; tending to produce corruption.
It should be endued with some corruptive quality
for so speedy a dissolution of the meat.
Ray.
Cor*rupt"less (k?r-r?pt"l?s), a.
Not susceptible of corruption or decay; incorruptible.
Dryden.
Cor*rupt"ly, adv. In a corrupt manner;
by means of corruption or corrupting influences; wronfully.
Cor*rupt"ness, n. The quality of being
corrupt.
Cor*rupt"ress (-r?s), n. A
woman who corrupts.
Thou studied old corruptress.
Beau & Fl.
Cor"sac (k?r"s?k), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The corsak.
Cor"sage (k?r"s?j), n. [F. See
Corset.] The waist or bodice of a lady's
dress; as. a low corsage.
Cor"sair (k?r"s?r), n. [F.
corsaire (cf. It. corsare,
corsale, Pr. corsari), LL.
corsarius, fr. L. cursus a running,
course, whence Sp. corso cruise, corsa
cruise, coasting voyage, corsear to cruise against the
enemy, to pirate, corsario cruising, a privateer
authorized to cruise against the enemy. See
Course.] 1. A pirate; one who
cruises about without authorization from any government, to seize
booty on sea or land.
2. A piratical vessel.
Barbary corsairs . . . infested the coast of the
Mediterranean.
Prescott.
Cor"sak (k?r"s?k), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small foxlike mammal (Cynalopex
corsac), found in Central Asia. [Written also
corsac.]
Corse (k?rs , n.
[OF. cors, F. corps. See
Corpse.] 1. A living body or its
bulk. [Obs.]
For he was strong, and of so mighty corse
As ever wielded spear in warlike hand.
Spenser.
2. A corpse; the dead body of a human being.
[Archaic or Poetic]
Set down the corse; or, by Saint Paul,
I'll make a corse of him that disobeys.
Shak.
Corse"let (k?rs"l?t), n. [F.,
dim. of OF. cors. F. corps, body. See
Corse.] 1. Armor for the body, as,
the body breastplate and backpiece taken together; -- also, used
for the entire suit of the day, including breastplate and
backpiece, tasset and headpiece.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The thorax of an
insect.
Corse"pres`ent (k?rs"pr?z`ent , n. (Engl.Law) An
offering made to the church at the interment of a dead
body.
Blackstone.
Cor"set (k?r"s?t), n. [F., dim.
of OF. cors, F. corps, body. See
Corse.] 1. In the Middle Ages, a
gown or basque of which the body was close fitting, worn by both
men and women.
<-- p. 328 -->
2. An article of dress inclosing the chest and
waist worn (chiefly by women) to support the body or to modify
its shape; stays.
Cor"set (k?r"s?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Corseted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Corseting.] To
inclose in corsets.
Cors"let (k?rs"l?t), n. A
corselet. [Obs.]
Hakluyt.
Cors"ned (k?rs"n?d), n. [AS.
corsn.] (AS. Laws) The
morsel of execration; a species of ordeal consisting in the
eating of a piece of bread consecrated by imprecation. If the
suspected person ate it freely, he was pronounced innocent; but
if it stuck in his throat, it was considered as a proof of his
guilt.
Burril.
\'d8Cor`t\'82ge" (k?r`t?zh"), n.
[F., fr. It. corteggio train, fr.
corte court. See Court.] A train
of attendants; a procession.
Cor"tes (k?r"t?s), n. pl. [Sp.
& Pg., fr. corte court.] The legislative
assembly, composed of nobility, clergy, and representatives of
cities, which in Spain and in Portugal answers, in some measure,
to the Parliament of Great Britain.
\'d8Cor"tex (k?r"t?ks), n.; pl.
Cortices (-t. [L., bark.
Cf. Cork.] 1. Bark, as of a tree;
hence, an outer covering.
2. (Med.) Bark; rind; specifically,
cinchona bark.
3. (Anat.) The outer or superficial part
of an organ; as, the cortex or gray exterior
substance of the brain.
Cor"ti*cal (k?r"t?-kal), a.
[L. cortex bark: cf. F.
cortical.] Belonging to, or consisting of,
bark or rind; resembling bark or rind; external; outer;
superficial; as, the cortical substance of the
kidney.
{ Cor"ti*cate (k?r"t?-k?t),
Cor"ti*ca`ted (-k?`t?d), } a.
[L. corticatus.] Having a special
outer covering of a nature unlike the interior part.
Cor*tic"i*fer (k?r-t?s"?-f?r), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Gorgoniacea; --
so called because the fleshy part surrounds a solid axis, like a
bark.
Cor`ti*cif"er*ous (k?r`t?-s?f"?r-?s),
a. [L. cortex, corticis,
bark -- -ferous: cf. F.
corticif.] 1. Producing bark
or something that resembling that resembles bark.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a barklike
c
Cor*tic"i*form (k?r-t?s"?-f?rm), a.
[L. cortex, corticis, bark +
-form: cf. F. corticiforme.]
Resembling, or having the form of, bark or rind.
Cor"ti*cine (k?r"t?-s?n), n.
[F., fr. L. cortex, corticis,
bark.] A material for carpeting or floor covering,
made of ground cork and caoutchouc or India rubber.
Cor"ti*cose` (-k?s`), a. [L.
corticosus.] Abounding in bark; resembling
bark; barky.
Cor"ti*cous (-k?s), a. Relating
to, or resembling, bark; corticose.
Cor"tile (k?r"t?l; It. k?r-t?"l?),
n. [It., fr. corte court.]
An open internal courtyard inclosed by the walls of a large
dwelling house or other large and stately building.
Co*run"dum (k?-r?n"d?m), n.;
pl. Corundums (-d. [Also
corindon.] [From Hind. kurand corundum
stone.] (Min.) The earth alumina, as found
native in a crystalline state, including sapphire,
which is the fine blue variety; the oriental ruby, or
red sapphire; the oriental amethyst, or purple
sapphire; and adamantine spar, the hair-brown variety.
It is the hardest substance found native, next to the
diamond.
corundum is sometimes restricted
to the non-transparent or coarser kinds. Emery is a
dark-colored granular variety, usually admixed with magnetic iron
ore.
Co*rus"cant (k?-r?s"kant),
a. [L. coruscans, p. pr. See
Coruscate.] Glittering in flashes;
flashing.
Howell.
Cor"us*cate (k?r"?s-k?t ,
v. i. [L. coruscare to flash,
vibrate.] To glitter in flashes; to flash.
Syn. -- To glisten; gleam; sparkle; radiate.
Cor`us*ca"tion (k?r`?s-k?"sh?n), n.
[L. coruscatio: cf. F.
coruscattion.] 1. A sudden flash
or play of light.
A very vivid but exceeding short-lived splender, not to call
coruscation.
Boyle.
2. A flash of intellectual brilliancy.
He might have illuminated his times with the incessant
cor of his genius.
I. Taylor.
Syn. -- Flash; glitter; blaze; gleam; sparkle.
Corve (k?rv), n. See
Corf.
\'d8Cor`vee" (k?r`v" , n.
[F. corv\'82e, fr. LL. corvada,
corrogata, fr. L. corrogare to entreat
togetther; cor- + rogare to ask.]
(Feudal Law) An obligation to perform certain
services, as the repair of roads, for the lord or
sovereign.
Cor"ven (k?r"ven), obs.
p. p. of Carve.
Chaucer.
{ Cor"vet (k?r"v?t), Cor*vette"
(k?r-v?r"), } n. [F.
corvette, fr. Pg. corveta or Sp.
corbeta, fr. L. corbita a slow-sailing
ship of burden, fr, corbis basket. Cf.
Corbeil.] (Naut.) A war vessel,
ranking next below a frigate, and having usually only one tier of
guns; -- called in the United States navy a sloop of
war.
\'d8Cor*vet"to (-v?t"t?), n.
(Min.) A curvet.
Peacham.
Cor"vine (k?r"v?n), a. [L.
corvinus, fr. corvus crow.] Of
or pertaining to the crow; crowlike.
Cor"vo*rant (k?r"v?-rant),
n. See Cormorant.
Cor"y*bant (k?r"?-b?nt), n.;
pl. E. Corybants (-bCorybantes (-b. [L.
Corybas, Gr. One of the
priests of Cybele in Phrygia. The rites of the Corybants were
accompanied by wild music, dancing, etc.
Cor`y*ban"ti*asm (-b?n"t?-?z'm), n.
[Gr.
(Med.) A kind of frenzy in which the patient is
tormented by fantastic visions and want of sleep.
Dunglison.
Cor`y*ban"tic (k?r`?-b?n"t?k), a.
[Gr.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the Corybantes or their
rites; frantic; frenzied; as, a corybantic
dance.
Cor"ymb (k?r"?mb , n.
[L. corymbus cluster of flowers, Gr.
(Bot.) (a) A
flat-topped or convex cluster of flowers, each on its own
footstalk, and arising from different points of a common axis,
the outermost blossoms expanding first, as in the hawthorn.
(b) Any flattish flower cluster, whatever be the
order of blooming, or a similar shaped cluster of fruit.
Cor"ymbed (k?r"?mbd), a.
(Bot.) Corymbose.
Cor`ym*bif"er*ous (k?r`?m-b?f"?r-?s),
a. [L. corymbifer;
corymbus a cluster of flowers + ferre to
bearcorimbif.] (Bot.)
Bearing corymbs of flowers or fruit.
Co*rym"bose (k?-r?m"b?s ,
a. (Bot.) Consisting of corymbs, or
resembling them in form. [Written also
corymbous.]
Co*rym"bose*ly, adv. In corymbs.
Cor`y*ph\'91"noid (k?r`?-f?"noid),
a. [NL. coruphaena +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to,
or like, the genus Coryph\'91na. See
Dolphin.
\'d8Co`ry`ph (k?`r?`f?"), n.
[F.] (Drama) A ballet dancer.
Cor"y*phene` (k?r"?-f?n`), n.
[NL. coryphena, fr. Gr. coryph.]
(Zo\'94l.) A fish of the genus
Coryph\'91na. See Dolphin. (2)
Cor`y*phe"us (k?r`?-f?"?s), n.;
pl. E. Corypheuses (-Coryphei (-f. [L.
coryphaeus, fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) The conductor, chief,
or leader of the dramatic chorus; hence, the chief or leader of a
party or interest.
That noted corypheus [Dr. John Owen] of the
Independent faction.
South.
\'d8Co*ryph"o*don (k?-r?f"?-d?n), n.
[Gr. (Palen.) A genus of extinct mammals
from the eocene tertiary of Europe and America. Its species
varied in size between the tapir and rhinoceros, and were allied
to those animals, but had short, plantigrade, five-toed feet,
like the elephant.
Co*ryph"o*dont (-d?nt), a.
(Paleon.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the genus
Coryphodon.
\'d8Co*ry"za (k?-r?"z?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
Nasal catarrh.
Cos*cin"o*man`cy (k?s-s?n"?-m?n`s? , n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by means of a suspended
sieve.
\'d8Cos`co*ro"ba (k?s`k?-r?"b?), n.
[Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large,
white, South American duck, of the genus Cascoroba,
resembling a swan.
Co*se"cant (k?-s?"k?nt), n.
[For co. secans, an abbrev. of L.
complementi secans.] (Trig.) The
secant of the complement of an arc or angle. See
Illust. of Functions.
Cos"en (k?z"'n), v. t. See
Cozen.
Cos"en*age (k?z"'n-?j), n. See
Cozenage.
Cos"en*ing, n. (O. Eng. Law)
Anything done deceitfully, and which could not be properly
designated by any special name, whether belonging to contracts or
not.
Burrill.
Co*sen"tient (k?-s?n"shent),
a. Perceiving together.
Co"sey (k?"z?), a. See
Cozy.
Dickens.
Cosh"er (k?sh"?r), v. t. [Ir.
cosair a feast, a banquet? or cf. F.
coucher to lie. Cf. Couch,
Coshering.] 1. (Old Law)
To levy certain exactions or tribute upon; to lodge and eat
at the expense of. See Coshering.
2. To treat with hospitality; to pet.
[Ireland]
Cosh"er*er (k?sh"?r-?r), n. One
who coshers.
Cosh"er*ing, n. (Old Law) A
feudal prerogative of the lord of the soil entitling him to
lodging and food at his tenant's house.
Burrill.
Sometimes he contrived, in deflance of the law, to live by
coshering, that is to say, by quartering himself on
the old tentants of his family, who, wretched as was their own
condition, could not refuse a portion of their pittance to one
whom they still regarded as their rightful lord.
Macaulay.
Co"sier (k?"zh?r), n. [Cf. OF.
coussier maker of mattresses; or couseor
tailor, fr. OF. & F. coudre, p. p. cousu to
sew, fr. L. consuere to sew together; con-
+ seure to sew. See Sew to stitch.]
A tailor who botches his work. [Obs.]
Shak.
Co`sig*nif"i*ca*tive
(k`s")-
, a. Having the same signification.
Cockerham.
Co*sig"ni*ta*ry (k?-s?g"n?-t?-r?),
a. [Pref. co- + sign. Cf.
Signatory.] Signing some important public
document with another or with others; as, a treaty violated
by one of the cosignitary powers.
Co*sig"ni*ta*ry, n.; pl.
Cosignitaries (-r. One who
signs a treaty or public document along with others or another;
as, the cosignitaries of the treaty of
Berlin.
Co"si*ly (k?"z?-l?), adv. See
Cozily.
Cos"in*age (k?s"'n-?j), n. [See
Cousinage.] (Law) (a)
Collateral relationship or kindred by blood;
consanguinity. Burrill. (b) A writ
to recover possession of an estate in lands, when a stranger has
entered, after the death of the grandfather's grandfather, or
other distant collateral relation.
Blackstone.
Co"sine (k?"s?n), n. [For
co. sinus, an abbrev. of L.
complementi sinus.] (Trig.) The
sine of the complement of an arc or angle. See Illust.
of Functions.
{ Cos*met"ic (k?z-m?t"?k),
Cos*met"ic*al (-?-kal), }
a. [Gr. kosmitiko`s skilled in
decorating, fr. ko`smos order, ornament: cf. F.
cosm\'82tique. See Cosmos.]
Imparting or improving beauty, particularly the beauty of
the complexion; as, a cosmetical
preparation.
First, robed in white, the nymph intent adores,
With head uncovered, the cosmetic powers.
Pope.
Cos*met"ic, n. Any external application
intended to beautify and improve the complexion.
{ Cos"mic (k?z"m?k), Cos"mic*al
(-m?-kal), } a. [Gr.
kosmiko`s of the world, fr. ko`smos: cf. F.
cosmique. See Cosmos.] 1.
Pertaining to the universe, and having special reference to
universal law or order, or to the one grand harmonious system of
things; hence; harmonious; orderly.
2. Pertaining to the solar system as a whole, and
not to the earth alone.
3. Characteristic of the cosmos or universe;
inconceivably great; vast; as, cosmic
speed. \'bdCosmic ranges of time.\'b8
Tyndall.
4. (Astron.) Rising or setting with the
sun; -- the opposite of acronycal.
Cos"mic*al*ly, adv. 1. With the
sun at rising or setting; as, a star is said to rise or set
cosmically when it rises or sets with the
sun.
2. Universally. [R.]
Emerson.
{ Cos*mog"o*nal (k?z-m?g"?-nal),
Cos`mo*gon"ic (k?z`m?-g?n"?k),
Cos`mo*gon"ic*al (-g?n"?-kal), }
a. Belonging to cosmogony.
B. Powell. Gladstone.
Cos*mog"o*nist (k?z-m?g"?-n?st), n.
One who treats of the origin of the universe; one versed in
cosmogony.<-- cosmologist -->
Cos*mog"o*ny (-n?), n.; pl.
Cosmogonies (-n. [Gr.
kosmogoni`a; ko`smos the world + root of
gi`gnesthai to be born: cf. F.
cosmogonie.] The creation of the world or
universe; a theory or account of such creation; as, the
poetical cosmogony of Hesoid; the cosmogonies
of Thales, Anaxagoras, and Plato.<-- =cosmology -->
The cosmogony or creation of the world has puzzled
philosophers of all ages.
Goldsmith.
Cos*mog"ra*pher (-r?-f?r), n.
One who describes the world or universe, including the
heavens and the earth.<-- =cosmologist -->
The name of this island is nowhere found among the old and
ancient cosmographers.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
{ Cos`mo*graph"ic (k?z`m?-gr?f"?k),
Cos`mo*graph"ic*al (-?-kal), }
a. [Cf. F. cosmographique.]
Of or pertaining to cosmography.
Cos`mo*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
cosmographic manner; in accordance with cosmography.
Cos*mog"ra*phy (k?z-m?g"r?-f?), n.;
pl. Cosmographies (-f.
[Gr. cosmographie.] A description of the
world or of the universe; or the science which teaches the
constitution of the whole system of worlds, or the figure,
disposition, and relation of all its parts.
Cos"mo*labe (k?z"m?-l?b), n.
[Gr. cosmolade.] An instrument resembling the
astrolabe, formerly used for measuring the angles between
heavenly bodies; -- called also
pantacosm.
Cos*mol"a*try (k?z-m?l"?-tr?), n.
[Gr.
Worship paid to the world.
Cudworth.
Cos"mo*line (k?z"m?-l?n), n.
[Prob. fr. cosmetic + L. oleum
oil.] (Chem.) A substance obtained from the
residues of the distillation of petroleum, essentially the same
as vaseline, but of somewhat stiffer consistency, and
consisting of a mixture of the higher paraffines; a kind of
petroleum jelly.
Cos`mo*log"ic*al (k?z`m?-l?j"?-kal),
a. Of or pertaining to cosmology.
Cos*mol"o*gist (k?z-m?l"?-j?st), n.
One who describes the universe; one skilled in
cosmology.
Cos*mol"o*gy (k?z-m?l"?-j?), n.
[Gr. ko`smos the world + -logy: cf. F.
cosmologie.] The science of the world or
universe; or a treatise relating to the structure and parts of
the system of creation, the elements of bodies, the modifications
of material things, the laws of motion, and the order and course
of nature.
Cos*mom"e*try (k?z-m?m"?-tr?), n.
[Gr. ko`smos the world +
-metry.] The art of measuring the world or
the universe.
Blount.
Cos`mo*plas"tic (k?z`m?-pl?s"t?k),
a. [Gr. ko`smos the world +
pla`ssein to form.] Pertaining to a plastic
force as operative in the formation of the world independently of
God; world-forming. \'bdCosmoplastic and
hylozoic atheisms.\'b8
Gudworth.
{ Cos`mo*pol"i*tan (-p?l"?-tan),
Cos*mop"o*lite (k?z-m?p"?-l?t), }
n. [Gr. cosmopolitain, cosmopolite.] One
who has no fixed residence, or who is at home in every place; a
citizen of the world.
{ Cos`mo*pol"i*tan, Cos*mop"o*lite,
} a. 1. Having no fixed residence;
at home in any place; free from local attachments or prejudices;
not provincial; liberal.
In other countries taste is perphaps too exclusively national,
in Germany it is certainly too cosmopolite.
Sir W. Hamilton.
2. Common everywhere; widely spread; found in all
parts of the world.
The Cheiroptera are cosmopolitan.
R. Owen.
Cos`mo*pol"i*tan*ism
(k?z`m?-p?l"?-tan-?z'm), n. The
quality of being cosmopolitan; cosmopolitism.
Cos*mop"o*lite (-m?p"?-l?t), a. & n.
See Cosmopolitan.
Cos`mo*po*lit"ic*al
(k?z`m?-p?-l?t"?-kal), a.
Having the character of a cosmopolite.
[R.]
Hackluyt.
Cos*mop"o*li*tism (k?z-m?p"?-l?-t?z'm),
n. The condition or character of a cosmopolite;
disregard of national or local peculiarities and
prejudices.
Cos`mo*ra"ma (k?z`m?-r?"m? ,
n. [NL., fr. Gr. An
exhibition in which a series of views in various parts of the
world is seen reflected by mirrors through a series of lenses,
with such illumination, etc., as will make the views most closely
represent reality.
<-- p. 329 -->
Cos`mo*ram"ic (k?z`m?-r?m"?k), a.
Of or pertaining to a cosmorama.
\'d8Cos"mos (k?z"m?s), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. ko`smos order, harmony, the world (from its
perfect order and arrangement); akin to Skr. to
distinguish one's self.]
1. The universe or universality of created things;
-- so called from the order and harmony displayed in it.
2. The theory or description of the universe, as a
system displaying order and harmony.
Humboldt.
Cos"mo*sphere (k?z"m?-sf?r), n.
[Gr. sphere.]
An apparattus for showing the position of the earth, at any
given time, with respect to the fixed stars. It consist of a
hollow glass globe, on which are depicted the stars and
constellations, and within which is a terrestrial globe.
Cos"mo*the`ism (k?z"m?-th?`?z'm), n.
[Gr. Same
as Pantheism. [R.]
Cos`mo*thet"ic (k?z`m?-th?t"?k), a.
[Gr. (Metaph.) Assuming or positing
the actual existence or reality of the physical or external
world.
Cosmothetic idealists (Metaph.),
those who assume, without attempting to prove, the reality of
external objects as corresponding to, and being the ground of,
the ideas of which only the mind has direct cognizance.
The cosmothetic idealists . . . deny that mind is
immediately conscious of matter.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Co*sov"er*eign (k?-s?v"?r-?n ,
n. A joint sovereign.
Coss (k?s), n. [Cf. Pers.
k a road measure of about two miles; or Skr.
kr.] A Hindoo measure of distance,
varying from one and a half to two English miles.
Whitworth.
Coss, n. [It. cosa.]
A thing (only in phrase below).
Rule of Coss, an old name for
Algebra. [It. regola di cosa rule of
thing, the unknown quantity being called the cosa, or
the thing.]
Cos"sack (k?s"s?k), n. [Russ.
kozak', kazak': cf. Turk.
kaz.] One of a warlike, pastoral
people, skillful as horsemen, inhabiting different parts of the
Russian empire and furnishing valuable contingents of irregular
cavalry to its armies, those of Little Russia and those of the
Don forming the principal divisions.
Cos"sas (k?s"s?s), n.
[F.] Plain India muslin, of various qualities and
widths.
Cos"set (k?s"s?t), n. [Cf. AS.
cotsetla cottager, G. kossat,
kothsasse, fr. kot, koth E.
(cot) hut, and cf. also E. cade,
a., cot a cade lamb.] A lamb
reared without the aid of the dam. Hence: A pet, in
general.
Cos"set, v. t. To treat as a pet; to
fondle.
She was cosseted and posseted and prayed over and
made much of.
O. W. Holmes.
{ Cos"sic (k?s"s?k), Cos"sic*al
(-s?-kal), } a. [It.
cossico. See 2d Coss.] Of or
relating to algebra; as, cossic numbers, or the
cossic art. [Obs.] \'bdArt of
numbers cossical.\'b8
Digges (1579).
Cost (k?st; 115), n. [L.
costa rib. See Coast.] 1.
A rib; a side; a region or coast. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
Betwixt the costs of a ship.
B. Jonson.
2. (Her.) See Cottise.
Cost (k?st; 115), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cost; p. pr. &
vb. n. Costing.] [OF.
coster, couster, F. co,
fr. L. constare to stand at, to cost; con-
+ stare to stand. See Stand, and cf.
Constant.] 1. To require to be
given, expended, or laid out therefor, as in barter, purchase,
acquisition, etc.; to cause the cost, expenditure,
relinquishment, or loss of; as, the ticket cost a
dollar; the effort cost his life.
A d'amond gone, cost me two thousand ducats.
Shak.
Though it cost me ten nights' watchings.
Shak.
2. To require to be borne or suffered; to
cause.
To do him wanton rites, whichcost them woe.
Milton.
To cost dear, to require or occasion a large
outlay of money, or much labor, self-denial, suffering,
etc.
Cost, n. [OF. cost, F.
co. See Cost, v. t. ]
1. The amount paid, charged, or engaged to be paid,
for anything bought or taken in barter; charge; expense; hence,
whatever, as labor, self-denial, suffering, etc., is requisite to
secure benefitt.
One day shall crown the alliance on 't so please you,
Here at my house, and at my proper cost.
Shak.
At less cost of life than is often expended in a
skirmish, [Charles V.] saved Europe from invasion.
Prescott.
2. Loss of any kind; detriment; pain;
suffering.
I know thy trains,
Though dearly to my cost, thy gins and toils.
Milton.
3. pl. (Law) Expenses
incurred in litigation.
Costs in actions or suits are either
between attorney and client, being what are payable in every case
to the attorney or counsel by his client whether he ultimately
succeed or not, or between party and party, being those which the
law gives, or the court in its discretion decrees, to the
prevailing, against the losing, party.
Bill of costs. See under Bill.
-- Cost free, without outlay or expense. \'bdHer
duties being to talk French, and her privileges to live cost
free and to gather scraps of knowledge.\'b8
Thackeray.
\'d8Cos"ta (k?s"t?), n. [L.,
rib. See Coast.] 1. (Anat.)
A rib of an animal or a human being.
2. (Bot.) A rib or vein of a leaf,
especially the midrib.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The anterior
rib in the wing of an insect. (b) One of the
riblike longitudinal ridges on the exterior of many corals.
Cost"age (k?st"?j; 115), n.
[OF. coustage.] Expense; cost.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cos"tal (k?s"tal), a.
[Cf. F. costal. See Costa.]
1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ribs or the
sides of the body; as, costal nerves.
2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Relating to a
costa, or rib.
Costal cartilage. See Cartilage, and
Illust. of Thorax.
Cos"tal-nerved` (k?s"tal-n?rvd`),
a. (Bot.) Having the nerves spring
from the midrib.
Cos"tard (k?s"t?rd), n. [Prob.
fr. OF. coste rib, side, F. c\'93te, and
meaning orig., a ribbed apple, from the ribs or angles on its
sides. See Coast.] 1. An apple,
large and round like the head.
Some [apples] consist more of air than water . . . ; others
more of water than wind, as your costards and
pomewaters.
Muffett.
2. The head; -- used contemptuously.
Try whether your costard or my bat be the
harder.
Shak.
Cos"tard*mon`ger (-m?n`g?r), n.
A costermonger.
{ Cos"tate (k?s"t?t), Cos"ta*ted
(-t?-t?d), } a. [L.
costatus, fr. costa rib.] Having
ribs, or the appearance of ribs; (Bot.) having one or
more longitudinal ribs.
Cos"tean` (k?s"t?n`), v. i.
[Cornish cothas dropped + stean
tin.] To search after lodes. See
Costeaning.
Cos"tean`ing, n. The process by which
miners seek to discover metallic lodes. It consist in sinking
small pits through the superficial deposits to the solid rock,
and then driving from one pit to another across the direction of
the vein, in such manner as to cross all the veins between the
two pits.
Cos*tel"late (k?s-t?l"l?t), a.
[L. costa rib.] Finely ribbed or
costated.
Cos"ter (k?s"t?r), n.[Abbrev.
of costermonger.] One who hawks about
fruit, green vegetables, fish, etc.
Cos"ter*mon`ger (k?s"t?r-m?n`g?r),
n. [See Costard.] An apple
seller; a hawker of, or dealer in, any kind of fruit or
vegetables; a fruiterer. [Written also
costardmonger.]
Cos*tif"er*ous (k?s-t?f"?r-?s), a.
[Costa + -ferous.]
(Anat.) Rib-bearing, as the dorsal
vertebr\'91.
Cos"tive (k?s"t?v), a. [OF.
costev, p. p. of costever, F.
constiper, L. constipare to press closely
together, to cram; con- + stipare to press
together, cram. See Stipulate, Stiff, and cf.
Constipate.] 1. Retaining fecal
matter in the bowels; having too slow a motion of the bowels;
constipated.
2. Reserved; formal; close; cold.
[Obs.] \'bdA costive brain.\'b8
Prior. \'bdCostive of laughter.\'b8 B.
Jonson.
You must be frank, but without indiscretion; and close, but
without being costive.
Lord Chesterfield.
3. Dry and hard; impermeable; unyielding.
[Obs.]
Clay in dry seasons is costive, hardening with the
sun and wind.
Mortimer.
Cos"tive*ly, adv. In a costive
manner.
Cos"tive*ness, n. 1. An
unnatural retention of the fecal matter of the bowels;
constipation.
2. Inability to express one's self;
stiffness. [Obs.]
A reverend disputant of the same costiveness in
public elocution with myself.
Wakefield.
Cost"less (k?st"l?s; 115), a.
Costing nothing.
Cost"lewe (-l?), a.
Costly. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cost"li*ness (-l?-n?s), n. The
quality of being costy; expensiveness; sumptuousness.
Cost"ly (k?st"l?; 115), a.
[From Cost expense.]
1. Of great cost; expensive; dear.
He had fitted up his palace in the most costly and
sumptuous style, for the accomodation of the princess.
Prescott.
2. Gorgeous; sumptuous.
[Poetic.]
To show how costly summer was at hand.
Shak.
Cost"ma*ry (k?st"m?-r?), n. [L.
costum an Oriental aromatic plant (Gr. kost, kust) + Maria Mary.
Cf.Alecost.] (Bot.) A garden plant
(Chrysanthemum Balsamita) having a strong balsamic
smell, and nearly allied to tansy. It is used as a pot herb and
salad plant and in flavoring ale and beer. Called also
alecost.
Cos"to*tome (k?s"t?-t?m), n.
[Costa + Gr. An
instrument (chisel or shears) to cut the ribs and open the
thoracic cavity, in post-mortem examinations and
dissections.
Knight.
Cos"trel (k?s"tr?l), n. [CF.W.
costrel, OF. costrel, LL.
costrellum, a liquid measure, costrellus a
wine cup.] A bottle of leather, earthenware, or wood,
having ears by which it was suspended at the side.
[Archaic]
A youth, that, following with a costrel, bore
The means of goodly welcome, flesh and wine.
Tennyson.
Cos"tume` (k?s"t?m` ,
n. [F. costume, It. costume
custom, dress, fr. L. consuetumen (not found), for
consuetudo custom. See Custom, and cf.
Consuetude.] 1. Dress in general;
esp., the distinctive style of dress of a people, class, or
period.
2. Such an arrangement of accessories, as in a
picture, statue, poem, or play, as is appropriate to the time,
place, or other circumstances represented or described.
I began last night to read Walter Scott's Lay of the Last
Minstrel . . . .I was extremely delighted with the poetical
beauty of some parts . . . .The costume, too, is
admirable.
Sir J. Mackintosh.
3. A character dress, used at fancy balls or for
dramatic purposes.
Cos"tum`er (-t?m`?r), n. One
who makes or deals in costumes, as for theaters, fancy balls,
etc.
Co-suf"fer*er (k?-s?f"f?r-?r), n.
One who suffers with another.
Wycherley.
Co`su*preme" (k?`s?-pr?m"), n.
A partaker of supremacy; one jointly supreme.
Shak.
Co*sure"ty (k?-sh?r"t?; 136), n.;
pl. Cosureties (-t. One
who is surety with another.
Co"sy (k?"z?), a. See
Cozy.
Cot (k?t), n. [OE.
cot, cote, AS. cot,
cote, cottage; akin to D. & Icel. kot, G.
koth, kot, kothe. Cf.
Coat.]
1. A small house; a cottage or hut.
The sheltered cot, the cultivated farm.
Goldsmith.
2. A pen, coop, or like shelter for small domestic
animals, as for sheep or pigeons; a cote.
3. A cover or sheath; as, a roller cot
(the clothing of a drawing roller in a spinning frame); a
cot for a sore finger.
4. [Cf. Ir. cot.] A small,
rudely-formed boat.
Bell cot. (Arch.) See under
Bell.
Cot (k?t), n. [AS.
cot cottage, bedchamber; or cf. OF. coite,
F. couette (E. quilt), LL.
cottum, cottus, mattress. See Cot
a cottage.] A sleeping place of limited size; a little
bed; a cradle; a piece of canvas extended by a frame, used as a
bed. [Written also cott.]
Co*tan"gent (k?-t?n"jent),
n. [For co. tangens, an
abbrev. of L. complementi tangens. See
Tangent.] (Trig.) The tangent of
the complement of an arc or angle. See Illust. of
Functions.
Co*tar"nine (k?-t?r"n?n ,
n. [F., fr. narcotine, by
transposition of letters.] (Chem.) A white,
crystalline substance, C12H13NO3, obtained as a
product of the decomposition of narcotine. It has weak basic
properties, and is usually regarded as an alkaloid.
Cote (k?t), n. [See 1st
Cot.] 1. A cottage or hut.
[Obs.]
2. A shed, shelter, or inclosure for small domestic
animals, as for sheep or doves.
Watching where shepherds pen their flocks, at eve,
In hurdled cotes.
Milton.
Cote, v. t. [Prob. from F.
c sode, OF. costet, LL.
costatus, costatum, fr. L. costu
rib, side: cf. F. c to go or keep at the side
of. See Coast.] To go side by side with;
hence, to pass by; to outrun and get before; as, a dog
cotes a hare. [Obs.]
Drayton.
We coted them on the way, and hither are they
coming.
Shak.
Cote, v. t. [See Quote.]
To quote. [Obs.]
Udall.
Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous (k?-t?m`p?-r?"n?-?s),
a. [See Contemporaneous.]
Living or being at the same time; contemporaneous. --
Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv. --
Co*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness, n.
Co*tem"po*ra*ry (k?-t?m"p?-r?-r?),
a. Living or being at the same time;
contemporary.
Co*tem"po*ra*ry, n.; pl.
Cotemporaries (-r. One who
lives at the same time with another; a contemporary.
Co*ten"ant (k?-t?n"ant), n.
A tenant in common, or a joint tenant.
\'d8Co`te*rie" (k?`Te-r?"; 277),
n. [F., prob. from OF. coterie servile
tenure, fr. colier cotter; of German origin. See 1st
Cot.] A set or circle of persons who meet
familiarly, as for social, literary, or other purposes; a
clique. \'bdThe queen of your coterie.\'b8
Thackeray.
Co*ter"mi*nous (k?-t?r"m?-n?s), a.
[Cf. Conterminous.] Bordering;
conterminous; -- followed by with.
Cot"gare` (k?t"g?r`), n. Refuse
wool. [Obs. or Prov.]
Co"thurn (k?"th?rn), n. [L.
cothurnus, Gr. Cothurnus.] A buskin anciently used by tragic
actors on the stage; hence, tragedy in general.
The moment had arrived when it was thought that the mask and
the cothurn might be assumed with effect.
Motley.
{ Co*thur"nate (k?-th?r"n?t),
Co*thur"na*ted (-n?-t?d), } a.
1. Wearing a cothurn.
2. Relating to tragedy; solemn; grave.
\'d8Co*thur"nus (-n?s), n.
[L.] Same as Cothurn.
Co*tic"u*lar (k?-t?k"?-l?r), a.
[L. coticula a small touchstone, dim.
cos, cotis, whetstone.]
Pertaining to whetstones; like or suitable for
whetstones.
Co*tid"al (k?-t?d"al), a.
Marking an equality in the tides; having high tide at the
same time.
Cotidal lines (Phys. Geog.), lines
on a map passing through places that have high tide at the same
time.
{ \'d8Co`til`lon" (k?`t?`y?n" , Co*til"lion (k?-t?l"y?n),
} n. [F. cotillon, fr. OF.
cote coat, LL. cotta tunic. See
Coat.] 1. A brisk dance, performed
by eight persons; a quadrille.
2. A tune which regulates the dance.
3. A kind of woolen material for women's
skrits.
\'d8Co*tin"ga (k?-t?n"g?), n.
[Native South American name.] (Zo\'94l.)
A bird of the family Cotingid\'91, including
numerous bright-colored South American species; -- called also
chatterers.
Cot"ise (k?t"?s), n.
(Her.) See Cottise.
Cot"ised (-?st), a.
(Her.) See Cottised.
Cot"land (k?t"l?nd), n. Land
appendant to a cot or cottage, or held by a cottager or
cotter.
Cot"quean` (k?t"kw?n`), n.
[Cot a cottage + quean.]
1. A man who busies himself with affairs which
properly belong to women.
Addison.
2. A she-cuckold; a cucquean; a henhussy.
[Obs.]
What, shall a husband be afraid of his wife's face?
We are a king, cotquean, and we will reign in our
pleasures.
B. Jonson.
Cot*quean"i*ty (k?t-kw?n"?-t?), n.
The condition, character, or conduct of a cotquean.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Co`trus*tee" (k?`tr?s-t?"), n.
A joint trustee.
Cots"wold` (k?ts"w?ld`), n.
[Cot a cottage or hut + wold an open
country.] An open country abounding in sheepcotes, as
in the Cotswold hills, in Gloucestershire, England.
Cotswold sheep, a long-wooled breed of sheep,
formerly common in the counties of Gloucester, Hereford, and
Worcester, Eng.; -- so called from the Cotswold Hills.
The breed is now chiefly amalgamated with others.
Cot"tage (k?t"t?j; 48), n.
[From Cot a cotttage.] A small house; a
cot; a hut.
Cottage allotment. See under
Alloment. [Eng.] -- Cottage
cheese, the thick part of clabbered milk strained,
salted, and pressed into a ball.
Cot"taged (-t?jd), a. Set or
covered with cottages.
Even humble Harting's cottaged vale.
Collins.
Cot"tage*ly (-t?j-l?), a.
Cottagelike; suitable for a cottage; rustic.
[Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Cot"ta*ger (k?t"t?-j?r), n.
1. One who lives in a cottage.
2. (Law) One who lives on the common,
without paying any rent, or having land of his own.
{ Cot"ter, Cot"tar }
(k?t"t?r), n. [LL. cotarius,
cottarius, coterius. See
Cot.] A cottager; a cottier.
Burns.
Through Sandwich Notch the West Wind sang
Good morrow to the cotter.
Whittier.
<-- p. 330 -->
Cot"ter (k?t"t?r), n. 1.
A piece of wood or metal, commonly wedge-shaped, used for
fastening together parts of a machine or structure. It is driven
into an opening through one or all of the parts. [See
Illust.] In the United States a cotter is
commonly called a key.
2. A toggle.
Cot"ter, v. t. To fasten with a
cotter.
Cot"ti*er (-t?-?r), n. [OF.
cotier. See Coterie, and cf.
Cotter.] In Great Britain and Ireland, a
person who hires a small cottage, with or without a plot of land.
Cottiers commonly aid in the work of the landlord's farm.
[Written also cottar and
cotter.]
Cot"tise (k?t"t?s), n. [Cf. F.
c side, L. costa rib.]
(Her.) A diminutive of the bendlet, containing
one half its area or one quarter the area of the bend. When a
single cottise is used alone it is often called a
cost. See also Couple-close.
Cot"tised (-t?st), a.
(Her.) Set between two cottises, -- said of a
bend; or between two barrulets, -- said of a bar or fess.
Cot"toid (k?t"toid), a. [NL.
cottus sculpin + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like a fish of the genus
Cottus. -- n. A fish
belonging to, or resembling, the genus Cottus. See
Sculpin.
Cot"te*lene` (k?t"t?-l?n`), n.
A product from cottonseed, used as lard.
Cot"ton (k?t"t'n), n. [F.
coton, Sp. algodon the cotton plant and its
wool, coton printed cotton, cloth, fr. Ar.
qutun, alqutun, cotton wool. Cf.
Acton, Hacqueton.] 1. A
soft, downy substance, resembling fine wool, consisting of the
unicellular twisted hairs which grow on the seeds of the cotton
plant. Long-staple cotton has a fiber sometimes almost two inches
long; short-staple, from two thirds of an inch to an inch and a
half.
2. The cotton plant. See Cotten plant,
below.
3. Cloth made of cotton.
Cotton is used as an adjective before
many nouns in a sense which commonly needs no explanation; as,
cottton bagging; cotton clotch;
cotton goods; cotton industry;
cotton mill; cotton spinning;
cotton tick.
Cotton cambric. See Cambric,
n., 2. -- Cotton flannel, the
manufactures' name for a heavy cotton fabric, twilled, and with a
long plush nap. In England it is called swan's-down
cotton, or Canton flannel. -- Cotton
gin, a machine to separate the seeds from cotton,
invented by Eli Whitney. -- Cotton grass
(Bot.), a genus of plants (Eriphorum)
of the Sedge family, having delicate capillary bristles
surrounding the fruit (seedlike achenia), which elongate at
maturity and resemble tufts of cotton. -- Cotton
mouse (Zool.), a field mouse
(Hesperomys gossypinus), injurious to cotton
crops. -- Cotton plant (Bot.), a
plant of the genus Gossypium, of several species, all
growing in warm climates, and bearing the cotton of commerce. The
common species, originally Asiatic, is G.
herbaceum. -- Cotton press, a building
and machinery in which cotton bales are compressed into smaller
bulk for shipment; a press for baling cotton. -- Cotton
rose (Bot.), a genus of composite herbs
(Filago), covered with a white substance resembling
cotton. -- Cotton scale (Zo\'94l.),
a species of bark louse (Pulvinaria
innumerabilis), which does great damage to the cotton
plant. -- Cotton shrub. Same as Cotton
plant. -- Cotton stainer
(Zo\'94l.), a species of hemipterous insect
(Dysdercus suturellus), which seriously damages
growing cotton by staining it; -- called also
redbug. -- Cotton thistle
(Bot.), the Scotch thistle. See under
Thistle. -- Cotton velvet, velvet in
which the warp and woof are both of cotton, and the pile is of
silk; also, velvet made wholly of cotton. -- Cotton
waste, the refuse of cotton mills. -- Cotton
wool, cotton in its raw or woolly state. --
Cotton worm (Zool.), a lepidopterous
insect (Aletia argillacea), which in the larval state
does great damage to the cotton plant by eating the leaves. It
also feeds on corn, etc., and hence is often called corn
worm, and Southern army
worm.
Cot"ton, v. i. 1. To rise with
a regular nap, as cloth does. [Obs.]
It cottons well; it can not choose but bear
A pretty nap.
Family of Love.
2. To go on prosperously; to succeed.
[Obs.]
New, Hephestion, does not this matter cotton as I
would?
Lyly.
3. To unite; to agree; to make friends; -- usually
followed by with. [Colloq.]
A quarrel will end in one of you being turned off, in which
case it will not be easy to cotton with another.
Swift.
Didst see, Frank, how the old goldsmith cottoned in
with his beggarly companion?
Sir W. Scott.
4. To take a liking to; to stick to one as cotton;
-- used with to. [Slang]
Cot"ton*ade` (k?t"t'n-?d`), n.
[F. cottonade.] A somewhat stoun and
thick fabric of cotton.
Cot"ton*a*ry (-?-r?), a.
Relating to, or composed of, cotton; cottony.
[Obs.]
Cottomary and woolly pillows.
Sir T. Browne.
Cot"ton*ous (-?s), a.
Resembling cotton. [R.]
Evelyn.
Cot"ton*tail` (k?t"t'n-t?l`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The American wood rabbit (Lepus
sylvaticus); -- also called Molly
cottontail.
Cot"ton*weed` (-w?d`), n.
(Bot.) See Cudweed.
Cot"ton*wood` (-w??d`), n.
(Bot.) An American tree of the genus
Populus or polar, having the seeds covered with
abundant cottonlike hairs; esp., the P. monilifera and
P. angustifolia of the Western United States.
Cot"ton*y (-?), a. 1.
Covered with hairs or pubescence, like cotton; downy; nappy;
woolly.
2. Of or pertaining to cotton; resembling cotton in
appearance or character; soft, like cotton.
Cot"trel (k?t"tr?l), n. A
trammel, or hook to support a pot over a fire.
Knight.
{ Cot"y*la (k?t"?-l?), Cot"y*le
(k?t"?-l?), } n. [Gr. cotyla a measure.] (Anat.) A
cuplike cavity or organ. Same as Acetabulum.
Cot`y*le"don (k?t`?-l?"d?n), n.
[Gr.Cotyle.] 1. (Anat.) One
of the patches of villi found in some forms of placenta.
2. (Bot.) A leaf borne by the caulicle
or radicle of an embryo; a seed leaf.
Welwitschia) the cotyledons are
permanent and grow to immense proportions.
Cot`y*led"on*al (k?t`?-l?d"?n-a]/>l),
a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a
cotyledon.
Cot`y*led"on*a*ry (-?-r?), a.
Having a cotyledon; tufted; as, the
cotyledonary placenta of the cow.
Cot`y*led"on*ous (-?s; 277), a.
Of or pertaining to a cotyledon or cotyledons; having a seed
lobe.
Co*tyl"i*form (k?-t?l"?-f?rm), a.
[Cotyle + -form.]
(Zo\'94l.) Shaped like a cotyle or a cup.
Cot`y*lig"er*ous (k?t`?-l?j"?r-?s),
a. [Cotyle +
-gerous.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
cotyles.
Cot"y*loid (k?t"?-loid), a.
[Cotyle + -oid]
(Anat.) (a) Shaped like a cup; as,
the cotyloid cavity, which receives the head of the
thigh bone. (b) Pertaining to a cotyloid
cavity; as, the cotyloid ligament, or
notch.
\'d8Cou"cal (k??"k?l), n.
[Prob. native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A
large, Old World, ground cuckoo of the genus
Centropus, of several species.
Couch (kouch), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Couched
(koucht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Couching.] [F. coucher to
lay down, lie down, OF. colchier, fr. L.
collocare to lay, put, place; col- +
locare to place, fr. locus place. See
Locus.]
1. To lay upon a bed or other resting place.
Where unbruised youth, with unstuffed brain,
Does couch his limbs, there golden sleep doth
reign.
Shak.
2. To arrauge or dispose as in a bed; -- sometimes
followed by the reflexive pronoun.
The waters couch themselves as may be to the center
of this globe, in a spherical convexity.
T. Burnet.
3. To lay or deposit in a bed or layer; to
bed.
It is at this day in use at Gaza, to couch
potsherds, or vessels of earth, in their walls.
Bacon.
4. (Paper Making) To transfer (as sheets
of partly dried pulp) from the wire clotch mold to a felt
blanket, for further drying.
5. To conceal; to include or involve darkly.
There is all this, and more, that lies naturally
couched under this allegory.
L'Estrange.
6. To arrange; to place; to inlay.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
7. To put into some form of language; to express;
to phrase; -- used with in and under.
A well-couched invective.
Milton.
I had received a letter from Flora couched in
rather cool terms.
Blackw. Mag.
8. (Med.) To treat by pushing down or
displacing the opaque lens with a needle; as, to
couch a cataract.
To couch a spear , to lower to the
position of attack; to place in rest.
He stooped his head, and couched his spear,
And spurred his steed to full career.
Sir W. Scott.
To couch malt, to spread malt on a
floor.
Mortimer.
Couch, v. i. 1. To lie down or
recline, as on a bed or other place of rest; to repose; to
lie.
Where souls do couch on flowers, we 'll hand in
hand.
Shak.
If I court moe women, you 'll couch with moe
men.
Shak.
2. To lie down for concealment; to hide; to be
concealed; to be included or involved darkly.
We 'll couch in the castle ditch, till we see the
light of our fairies.
Shak.
The half-hidden, hallf-revealed wonders, that yet
couch beneath the words of the Scripture.
I. Taylor.
3. To bend the body, as in reverence, pain, labor,
etc.; to stoop; to crouch. [Obs.]
An aged squire
That seemed to couch under his shield
three-square.
Spenser.
Couch, n. [F. couche, OF.
colche, culche, fr. colchier.
See Couch, v. t. ] 1. A
bed or place for repose or sleep; particularly, in the United
States, a lounge.
Gentle sleep . . . why liest thou with the vile
In loathsome beds, and leavest the kingly couch?
Shak.
Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch
About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams.
Bryant.
2. Any place for repose, as the lair of a beast,
etc.
3. A mass of steeped barley spread upon a floor to
germinate, in malting; or the floor occupied by the barley;
as, couch of malt.
4. (Painting & Gilding) A preliminary
layer, as of color, size, etc.
Couch"an*cy (kouch"an-s?),
n. State of lying down for repose.
[R.]
Couch"ant (kouch"ant), a.
[F., p. pr. of coucher. See Couch,
v. t.] 1. Lying down with head
erect; squatting.
2. (Her.) Lying down with the head
raised, which distinguishes the posture of couchant
from that of dormant, or sleeping; -- said of a lion
or other beast.
Couchant and levant (Law), rising
up and lying down; -- said of beasts, and indicating that they
have been long enough on land, not belonging to their owner, to
lie down and rise up to feed, -- such time being held to include
a day and night at the least.
Blackstone.
\'d8Cou`ch\'82" (k??`sh?"), a.
[F., p. p. of coucher. See Couch,
v. t. ] (Her.) (a) Not
erect; inclined; -- said of anything that is usually erect, as an
escutcheon. (b) Lying on its side; thus, a
chevron couch\'82 is one which emerges from one side
of the escutcheon and has its apex on the opposite side, or at
the fess point.
Couched (koucht), a.
(Her.) Same as Couch.
Cou"chee (k??"sh?; F. k??"sh?"), n.
[F. couch a sleeping place from
coucher. See Couch, v. t. ]
A reception held at the time of going to bed, as by a
sovereign or great prince. [Obs.]
Dryden.
The duke's levees and couchees were so crowded that
the antechambers were full.
Bp. Burnet.
Couch"er (kouch"?r), n. 1.
One who couches.
2. (Paper Manuf.) One who couches
paper.
3. [Cf. L. collectarius.] (O.
Eng. Law) (a) A factor or agent resident in a
country for traffic. Blount. (b) The book
in which a corporation or other body registers its particular
acts. [Obs.] Cowell.
Couch" grass` (gr?s`). (Bot.)
See Quitch grass.
Couch"ing, n. 1. (Med.)
The operation of putting down or displacing the opaque lens
in cataract.
2. Embroidering by laying the materials upon the
surface of the foundation, instead of drawing them through.
Couch"less (kouch"l?s), a.
Having no couch or bed.
Cou"dee (k??"d?; F. k??`d?"), n.
[F. coud, from coude elbow.]
A measure of length; the distance from the elbow to the end
of the middle finger; a cubit.
Cou"gar (k??"g?r), n. [F.
couguar, from the native name in the South American
dialects, cuguacuara, cuguacuarana.]
(Zo\'94l.) An American feline quadruped
(Felis concolor), resembling the African panther in
size and habits. Its color is tawny, without spots; hence writers
often called it the American lion. Called also
puma, panther,
mountain lion, and
catamount. See Puma.
Cough (k?f), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Coughed
(k?ft); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coughing.] [Cf. D. kuchen,
MHG. k to breathe, G. keuchen to
pant, and E. chincough, the first part of which is
prob. akin to cough; cf. also E.
choke.] To expel air, or obstructing or
irritating matter, from the lungs or air passages, in a noisy and
violent manner.
Cough, v. t. 1. To expel from
the lungs or air passages by coughing; -- followed by
up; as, to cough up phlegm.
2. To bring to a specified state by coughing;
as, he coughed himself hoarse.
To cough down, to silence or put down (an
objectionable speaker) by simulated coughing.
Cough, n. [Cg. D. kuch. See
Cough, v. i. ] 1. A
sudden, noisy, and violent expulsion of air from the chest,
caused by irritation in the air passages, or by the reflex action
of nervous or gastric disorder, etc.
2. The more or less frequent repetition of
coughing, constituting a symptom of disease.
Stomach cough, Ear cough,
cough due to irritation in the stomach or ear.
Cough"er (k?f"?r), n. One who
coughs.
Cou"hage (kou"?j), n.
(Bot.) See Cowhage.
Could (k??d), imp. of
Can. [OF. coude. The l
was inserted by mistake, under the influence of should
and would.] Was, should be, or would be,
able, capable, or susceptible. Used as an auxiliary, in the past
tense or in the conditional present.
\'d8Cou`lee" (k??`l?"), n. [F.
coul\'82e, fr. couler to run or
flow.] A stream; (Geol.) a
stream of lava. Also, in the Western United States, the bed of a
stream, even if dry, when deep and having inclined sides;
distinguished from a ca\'a4on, which has precipitous
sides.
\'d8Cou*lisse" (k??-l?s"; F. k??`l?s"),
n. [F., fr. couler to flow,
glide.] 1. A piece of timber having a groove
in which something glides.
2. One of the side scenes of the stage in a
theater, or the space included between the side scenes.
\'d8Cou`loir" (k??`lw?r"), n.
[F., a strainer.] 1. A deep gorge; a
gully.
2. (Hydraul. Engin.) A dredging machine
for excavating canals, etc.
\'d8Cou`lomb" (k??`l?n"),
n. [From Coulomb, a French physicist
and electrican.] (Physics) The standard
unit of quantity in electrical measurements. It is the quantity
of electricity conveyed in one second by the current produced by
an electro-motive force of one volt acting in a circuit having a
resistance of one ohm, or the quantitty transferred by one
amp\'8are in one second. Formerly called weber.
Coul"ter (k?l"t?r), n. Same as
Colter.
Coul"ter*neb` (-n?b`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The puffin.
Cou*mar"ic (k??-m?r"?k), a.
Relating to, derived from, or like, the Dipterix
odorata, a tree of Guiana.
Coumaric acid (Chem.), one of a
series of aromatic acids, related to cinnamic acid, the most
important of which is a white crystalline substance,
HO.C6H4.C2H2.CO2H, obtained from the tonka bean,
sweet clover, etc., and also produced artifically.
Cou"ma*rin (k??"m?-r?n), n.
[F., fr. coumarou, a tree of Guiana.]
(Chem.) The concrete essence of the tonka bean,
the fruit of Dipterix (formerly Coumarouna)
odorata and consisting essentially of coumarin proper,
which is a white crystalline substance, C9H6O2,
of vanilla-like odor, regarded as an anhydride of coumaric acid,
and used in flavoring. Coumarin in also made artificially.
<-- p. 331 -->
Coun"cil (koun"s?l), n. [F.
concile, fr. L. concilium; con-
+ calare to call, akin to Gr. hale, v., haul. Cf. Conciliate.
This word is often confounded with counsel, with which
it has no connection.]
1. An assembly of men summoned or convened for
consultation, deliberation, or advice; as, a council
of physicians for consultation in a critical case.
2. A body of man elected or appointed to constitute
an advisory or a legislative assembly; as, a governor's
council; a city council.
An old lord of the council rated me the other
day.
Shak.
3. Act of deliberating; deliberation;
consultation.
Satan . . . void of rest,
His potentates to council called by night.
Milton.
O great in action and in council wise.
Pope.
Aulic council. See under Aulic.
-- Cabinet council. See under
Cabinet. -- City council, the
legislative branch of a city government, usually consisting of a
board of aldermen and common council, but sometimes otherwise
constituted. -- Common council. See under
Common. -- Council board,
Council table, the table round which a
council holds consultation; also, the council itself in
deliberation. -- Council chamber, the room or
apartment in which a council meets. -- Council
fire, the ceremonial fire kept burning while the
Indians hold their councils. [U.S.]
Barilett. -- Council of war, an assembly
of officers of high rank, called to consult with the commander in
chief in regard to measures or importance or nesessity. --
Ecumenical council (Eccl.), an assembly
of prelates or divines convened from the whole body of the church
to regulate matters of doctrine or discipline. --
Executive council, a body of men elected as
advisers of the chief magistrate, whether of a State or the
nation. [U.S.] -- Legislative
council, the upper house of a legislature, usually
called the senate. -- Privy council.
See under Privy. [Eng.]
Syn. -- Assembly; meeting; congress; diet; parliament;
convention; convocation; synod.
Coun"cil*ist (koun"s?l-?st), n.
One who belong to a council; one who gives an opinion.
[Obs.]
I will in three months be an expert counsilist.
Milton.
Coun"cil*man (koun`s?l-man),
n.; pl. Councilmen
(-men). A member of a council,
especially of the common council of a city; a councilor.
Coun"cil*or (koun"s?l-?r), n. A
member of a council. [Written also
councillor.]
councilor, a
member of a council, and counselor, one who gives
councel, was not formerly made, but is now very generally
recognized and observed.
Co`-une" (k?`?n"), v. t. [L.
co- + unus one.] To combine or
unite. [Obs.] \'bdCo-uned
together.\'b8
Feltham.
Co`-u*nite" (k?`?-n?t"), v. t.
To unite. [Obs.]
Co`-u*nite", a. United closely with
another. [Obs.]
Coun"sel (koun"s?l), n. [OE.
conc, F. conseil, fr. L.
consilium, fr. the root of consulere to
consult, of uncertain origin. Cf. Consult,
Consul.] 1. Interchange of opinions;
mutual advising; consultation.
All the chief priest and elders of the people took
counsel against Jesus, to put him to death.
Matt. xxvii. 1.
2. Examination of consequences; exercise of
deliberate judgment; prudence.
They all confess, therefore, in the working of that first
cause, that counsel is used.
Hooker.
3. Result of consultation; advice;
instruction.
I like thy counsel; well hast thou advised.
Shak.
It was ill counsel had misled the girl.
Tennyson.
4. Deliberate purpose; design; intent; scheme;
plan.
The counsel of the Lord standeth forever.
Ps. xxxiii. 11.
The counsels of the wicked are deceit.
Prov. xii. 5.
5. A secret opinion or purpose; a private
matter.
Thilke lord . . . to whom no counsel may be
hid.
Gower.
6. One who gives advice, especially in legal
matters; one professionally engaged in the trial or management of
a cause in court; also, collectively, the legal advocates united
in the management of a case; as, the defendant has able
counsel.
The King found his counsel as refractory as his
judges.
Macaulay.
Attorney.
Kent.
In counsel, in secret. [Obs.]
Chaucer. -- To keep counsel, To keep one's own counsel, to keep one's thoughts,
purposes, etc., undisclosed.
The players can not keep counsel: they 'll tell
all.
Shak.
Syn. -- Advice; consideration; consultation; purpose;
scheme; opinion.
Coun"sel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Counseled (-s?ld) Counselled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Counseling Counselling.]
[OE. conseilen, counseilen, F.
conseiller, fr. L. consiliari, fr.
consilium counsel.] 1. To give
advice to; to advice, admonish, or instruct, as a person.
Good sir, I do in friendship counsel you
To leave this place.
Shak.
2. To advise or recommend, as an act or
course.
They who counsel war.
Milton.
Thus Belial, with words clothed in reson's garb,
Counseled ignoble ease and peaceful sloth.
Milton.
Coun"sel*a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
[Written also counsellable.] 1.
Willing to receive counsel or follow advice.
[R.]
Few men of so great parts were upon all occasions more
counselable than he.
Clarendon.
2. Suitable to be advised; advisable, wise.
[Obs.]
He did not believe it counselable.
Clarendon.
Coun"sel*or (koun"s?l-?r), n.
[Written also counsellor.] [OE.
conseiler, F. conseiller, fr. L.
consiliarius, fr. consilium counsel.]
1. One who counsels; an adviser.
Can he that speaks with the tongue of an enemy be a good
counselor, or no?
Shak.
2. A member of council; one appointed to advise a
sovereign or chief magistrate. [See under
Consilor.]
3. One whose profession is to give advice in law,
and manage causes for clients in court; a barrister.
Good counselors lack no clients.
Shak.
Coun"sel*or*ship (koun"s?l-?r-sh?p),
n. The function and rank or office of a
counselor.
Bacon.
Count (kount), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Counted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Counting.] [OF.
conter, and later (etymological spelling)
compter, in modern French thus distinguished;
conter to relate (cf. Recount,
Account), compter to count; fr. L.
computuare to reckon, compute; com- +
putare to reckon, settle, order, prune, orig., to
clean. See Pure, and cf. Compute.]
1. To tell or name one by one, or by groups, for
the purpose of ascertaining the whole number of units in a
collection; to number; to enumerate; to compute; to reckon.
Who can count the dust of Jacob?
Num. xxiii. 10.
In a journey of forty miles, Avaux counted only
three miserable cabins.
Macaulay.
2. To place to an account; to ascribe or impute; to
consider or esteem as belonging.
Abracham believed God, and it was counted unto him
for righteousness.
Rom. iv. 3.
3. To esteem; to account; to reckon; to think,
judge, or consider.
I count myself in nothing else so happy
As in a soul remembering my good friends.
Shak.
To count out. (a) To exclude (one)
will not particapate or cannot be depended upon.
(b) (House of Commons) To declare
adjourned, as a sitting of the House, when it is ascertained that
a quorum is not present. (c) To prevent the
accession of (a person) to office, by a fraudulent return or
count of the votes cast; -- said of a candidate really elected.
[Colloq.]
Syn. -- To calculate; number; reckon; compute; enumerate.
See Calculate.
Count, v. i. 1. To number or be
counted; to possess value or carry weight; hence, to increase or
add to the strength or influence of some party or interest;
as, every vote counts; accidents count for
nothing.
This excellent man . . . counted among the best and
wisest of English statesmen.
J. A. Symonds.
2. To reckon; to rely; to depend; -- with
on or upon.
He was brewer to the palace; and it was apprehended that the
government counted on his voice.
Macaulay.
I think it a great error to count upon the genius
of a nation as a standing argument in all ages.
Swift.
3. To take account or note; -- with
of. [Obs.] \'bdNo man counts
of her beauty.\'b8
Shak.
4. (Eng. Law) To plead orally; to argue
a matter in court; to recite a count.
Burrill.
Count, n. [F. conte and
compte, with different meanings, fr. L.
computus a computation, fr. computare. See
Count, v. t.] 1. The act
of numbering; reckoning; also, the number ascertained by
counting.
Of blessed saints for to increase the count.
Spenser.
By this count, I shall be much in years.
Shak.
2. An object of interest or account; value;
estimation. [Obs.] \'bdAll his care and
count.\'b8
Spenser.
3. (Law) A formal statement of the
plaintiff's case in court; in a more technical and correct sense,
a particular allegation or charge in a declaration or indictment,
separately setting forth the cause of action or
prosecution.
Wharton.
count was used
synonymously with declaration. When the plaintiff has
but a single cause of action, and makes but one statement of it,
that statement is called indifferently count or
declaration, most generally, however, the latter. But
where the suit embraces several causes, or the plaintiff makes
several different statements of the same cause of action, each
statement is called a count, and all of them combined,
a declaration.
Bouvier. Wharton.
Count, n. [F. conte, fr. L.
comes, comitis, associate, companion, one
of the imperial court or train, properly, one who goes with
another; com- + ire to go, akin to Skr.
i to go.] A nobleman on the continent of
Europe, equal in rank to an English earl.
Count has never been
introduced into Britain, the wives of Earls have, from the
earliest period of its history, been designated as
Countesses.
Brande & C.
Count palatine. (a) Formerly, the
proprietor of a county who possessed royal prerogatives within
his county, as did the Earl of Chester, the Bishop of Durham, and
the Duke of Lancaster. [Eng.] See County
palatine, under County. (b)
Originally, a high judicial officer of the German emperors;
afterward, the holder of a fief, to whom was granted the right to
exercise certain imperial powers within his own domains.
[Germany]
Count"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being numbered.
Count"te*nance (koun"t?-nans),
n. [OE. contenance,
countenaunce, demeanor, composure, F.
contenance demeanor, fr. L. continentia
continence, LL. also, demeanor, fr. L. continere to
hold together, repress, contain. See Contain, and cf.
Continence.] 1. Appearance or
expression of the face; look; aspect; mien.
So spake the Son, and into terror changed
His countenance.
Milton.
2. The face; the features.
In countenance somewhat doth resemble you.
Shak.
3. Approving or encouraging aspect of face; hence,
favor, good will, support; aid; encouragement.
Thou hast made him . . . glad with thy
countenance.
Ps. xxi. 6.
This is the magistrate's peculiar province, to give
countenance to piety and virtue, and to rebuke
vice.
Atterbury.
4. Superficial appearance; show; pretense.
[Obs.]
The election being done, he made countenance of
great discontent thereat.
Ascham.
In countenance, in an assured condition or
aspect; free from shame or dismay. \'bdIt puts the learned
in countenance, and gives them a place among the
fashionable part of mankind.\'b8 Addison. --
Out of countenance, not bold or assured;
confounded; abashed. \'bdTheir best friends were out of
countenance, because they found that the imputations . . .
were well grounded.\'b8 Clarendon. -- To keep
the countenance, to preserve a composed or natural
look, undisturbed by passion or emotion.
Swift.
Coun"te*nance (koun"t?-nans), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Countenanced (-nanst); p. pr. &
vb. n. Countenancing.] 1.
To encourage; to favor; to approve; to aid; to abet.
This conceit, though countenanced by learned men,
is not made out either by experience or reason.
Sir T. Browne.
Error supports custom, custom countenances
error.
Milton.
2. To make a show of; to pretend.
[Obs.]
Which to these ladies love did countenance.
Spenser.
Coun"te*nan*cer (-nan-s?r),
n. One who countenances, favors, or
supports.
Coun"ter (koun"t?r-). [See
Counter, adv. ] A prefix meaning
contrary, opposite, in
opposition; as, counteract,
counterbalance, countercheck. See
Counter, adv. & a.
Count"er (koun"t?r), n. [OE.
countere, countour, a counter (in sense 1),
OF. contere, conteor, fr.
conter to count. See Count, v. t.
] 1. One who counts, or reckons up; a
calculator; a reckoner.
2. A piece of metal, ivory, wood, or bone, used in
reckoning, in keeping account of games, etc.
The old gods of our own race whose names . . . serve as
counters reckon the days of the week.
E. B. Tylor.
What comes the wool to? . . . I can not do it witthout
counters.
Shak.
3. Money; coin; -- used in contempt.
[Obs.]
To lock such rascal counters from his friends.
Shak.
4. A prison; either of two prisons formerly in
London.
Anne Aysavugh . . . imprisoned in the Counter.
Fuller.
5. A telltale; a contrivance attached to an engine,
printing press, or other machine, for the purpose of counting the
revolutions or the pulsations.
Knight.
Coun"ter, n. [OE. countour,
OF. contouer, comptouer, F.
comptoir, LL. computatorium, prop., a
computing place, place of accounts, fr. L. computare.
See Count, v. t.] A table or board
on which money is counted and over which business is transacted;
a long, narrow table or bench, on which goods are laid for
examination by purchasers, or on which they are weighed or
measured.
Coun"ter, adv. [F. contre,
fr. L. contra against. Cf. Contra-.]
1. Contrary; in opposition; in an opposite
direction; contrariwise; -- used chiefly with run or
go.
Running counter to all the rules of virtue.
Locks.
2. In the wrong way; contrary to the right course;
as, a hound that runs counter.
This is counter, you false Danish dogs!
Shak.
3. At or against the front or face.
[R.]
Which [darts] they never throw counter, but at the
back of the flier.
Sandys.
Coun"ter, a. Contrary; opposite;
contrasted; opposed; adverse; antagonistic; as, a
counter current; a counter revolution; a
counter poison; a counter agent;
counter fugue. \'bdInnumerable facts
attesting the counter principle.\'b8
I. Taylor.
Counter approach (Fort.), a trench
or work pushed forward from defensive works to meet the
approaches of besiegers. See Approach. --
Counter bond (Law), in old practice, a
bond to secure one who has given bond for another. --
Counter brace. See Counter brace, in
Vocabulary. -- Counter deed (Law),
a secret writing which destroys, invalidates, or alters, a
public deed. -- Counter distinction,
contradistinction. [Obs.] -- Counter
drain, a drain at the foot of the embankment of a canal
or watercourse, for carrying off the water that may soak
through. -- Counter extension (Surg.),
the fixation of the upper part of a limb, while extension is
practiced on the lower part, as in cases of luxation or
fracture. -- Counter fissure (Surg.)
Same as Contrafissure. -- Counter
indication. (Med.) Same as
Contraindication. -- Counter irritant
(Med.), an irritant to produce a blister, a
pustular eruption, or other irritation in some part of the body,
in order to relieve an existing irritation in some other part.
\'bdCounter irritants are of as great use in moral as
in physical diseases.\'b8 Macaulay. -- Counter
irritation (Med.), the act or the result of
applying a counter irritant. -- Counter
opening, an aperture or vent on the opposite side, or
in a different place. -Counter parole
(Mil.), a word in addition to the password, given
in time of alarm as a signal. -- Counter plea
(Law), a replication to a plea.
Cowell. -- Counter pressure, force
or pressure that acts in a contrary direction to some other
opposing pressure. -- Counter project, a
project, scheme, or proposal brought forward in opposition to
another, as in the negotiation of a treaty. Swift.
-- Counter proof, in engraving, a print taken off
from another just printed, which, by being passed through the
press, gives a copy in reverse, and of course in the same
position as that of plate from which the first was printed, the
object being to enable the engraver to inspect the state of the
plate. -- Counter revolution, a revolution
opposed to a former one, and restoring a former state of
things. -- Counter revolutionist, one engaged
in, or befriending, a counter revolution. -- Counter
round (Mil.), a body of officers whose duty
it is to visit and inspect the rounds and sentinels. --
Counter sea (Naut.), a sea running in
an opposite direction from the wind. -- Counter
sense, opposite meaning. -- Counter
signal, a signal to answer or correspond to
another. -- Counter signature, the name of a
secretary or other officer countersigned to a writing. .
Tooke. -- Counter slope, an overhanging
slope; as, a wall with a counter slope.
Mahan. -- Counter statement, a
statement made in opposition to, or denial of, another
statement. -- Counter surety, a counter bond,
or a surety to secure one who has given security. --
Counter tally, a tally corresponding to
another. -- Counter tide, contrary
tide.
Coun"ter, n. [See Counter,
adv., Contra.] 1.
(Naut.) The after part of a vessel's body, from
the water line to the stern, -- below and somewhat forward of the
stern proper.
<-- p. 332 -->
2. (Mus.) Same as Contra.
Formerly used to designate any under part which served for
contrast to a principal part, but now used as equivalent to
counter tenor.
3. (Far.) The breast, or thet part of a
horse between the shoulders and under the neck.
4. The back leather or heel part of a boot.
Coun"ter (koun"t?r), n. An
encounter. [Obs.]
With kindly counter under mimic shade.
Spenser.
Coun"ter, v. i. (Boxing) To
return a blow while receiving one, as in boxing.
His left hand countered provokingly.
C. Kingsley.
Coun`ter*act" (koun`t?r-?kt"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Counteracted;
p. pr. & vb. n. Counteracting.]
To act in opposition to; to hinder, defeat, or frustrate, by
contrary agency or influence; as, to counteract the
effect of medicines; to counteract good
advice.
Coun`ter*ac"tion (koun`t?r-?k"sh?n),
n. Action in opposition; hindrance
resistance.
[They] do not . . . overcome the counteraction of a
false principle or of stubborn partiality.
Johnson.
Coun`ter*act"ive (-?kt"?v), a.
Tending to counteract.
Coun`ter*act"ive, n. One who, or that
which, counteracts.
Coun`ter*act"ibe*ly, adv. By
counteraction.
Coun`ter*bal"ance (-b?l"ans), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Counterbalanced (-anst); p. pr. &
vb. n. Counterbalancing.] To
oppose with an equal weight or power; to counteract the power or
effect of; to countervail; to equiponderate; to balance.
The remaining air was not able to counterbalance
the mercurial cylinder.
Boyle.
The cstudy of mind is necessary to counterbalance
and correct the influence of the study of nature.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Coun"ter*bal`ance (koun"t?r-b?l`ans),
n. A weight, power, or agency, acting against or
balancing another; as: (a) A mass of metal in
one side of a driving wheel or fly wheel, to balance the weight
of a crank pin, etc., on the opposite side of the wheel.
(b) A counterpoise to balance the weight of
anything, as of a drawbridge or a scale beam.
Money is the counterbalance to all other things
purchasable by it.
Locke.
Coun"ter*bore` (-b?r`), n.
1. A flat-bottomed cylindrical enlargement of the
mouth of a hole, usually of slight depth, as for receiving a
cylindrical screw head.
2. A kind of pin drill with the cutting edge or
edges normal to the axis; -- used for enlarging a hole, or for
forming a flat-bottomed recess at its mouth.
Coun`ter*bore" (koun`t?r-b?r"), v.
t. To form a counterbore in, by boring, turning, or
drilling; to enlarge, as a hole, by means of a counterbore.
Coun"ter brace` (br?s`). 1.
(Naut.) The brace of the fore-topsail on the
leeward side of a vessel.
2. (Engin.) A brace, in a framed
structure, which resists a strain of a character opposite to that
which a main brace is designed to receive.
main
brace is usually in the direction of one diagonal, and the
counter brace in the direction of the other. Strains
in counter braces are occasioned by the live load only, as, in a
roof, by the wind, or, in a bridge, by a moving train.
Coun"ter*brace`, v. t. 1.
(Naut.) To brace in opposite directions; as,
to counterbrace the yards, i. e., to brace the
head yards one way and the after yards another.
2. (Engin.) To brace in such a way that
opposite strains are resisted; to apply counter braces to.
Coun`ter*buff" (koun`t?r-b?f"), v.
t. To strike or drive back or in an opposite
direction; to stop by a blow or impulse in front.
Dryden.
Coun"ter*buff` (koun"t?r-b?f`), n.
A blow in an opposite direction; a stroke that stops motion
or cause a recoil.
Coun"ter*cast` (koun"t?r-k?st`), n.
A trick; a delusive contrivance. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Coun"ter*cast`er (-?r), n. A
caster of accounts; a reckoner; a bookkeeper; -- used
conteptuously.
Coun`ter*change" (koun`t?r-ch?nj), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Counterchanged (-ch?njd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Counterchanging.] 1.
To give and receive; to cause to change places; to
exchange.
2. To checker; to diversify, as in heraldic
counterchanging. See Counterchaged, a.,
2.
With-elms, that counterchange the floor
Of this flat lawn with dusk and bright.
Tennyson.
Coun"ter*change` (koun"t?r-ch?nj`),
n. Exchange; reciprocation.
Coun`ter*changed" (-ch?njd"), a.
1. Exchanged.
2. (Her.) Having the tinctures exchanged
mutually; thus, if the field is divided palewise, or
and azure, and cross is borne
counterchanged, that part of the cross which comes on
the azure side will be or, and that on the
or side will be azure.
Coun"ter*charge` (koun"t?r-ch?rj`),
n. An opposing charge.
Coun`ter*charm" (koun`t?r-ch?rm"), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Countercharmed (-ch?rmd`); p. pr. & vb.
n. Countercharming.] To destroy
the effect of a charm upon.
Coun"ter*charm` (koun"t?r-ch?rm`),
n. That which has the power of destroying the
effect of a charm.
Coun`ter*check" (koun`t?r-ch?k"), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Counterchecked (-ch?ckt"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Counterchecking.] To oppose or
check by some obstacle; to check by a return check.
Coun"ter*check` (koun"t?r-ch?k`), n.
1. A check; a stop; a rebuke, or censure to check a
reprover.
2. Any force or device designed to restrain another
restraining force; a check upon a check.
The system of checks and counterchecks.
J. H. Newton.
Coun"ter*claim` (-kl?m`), n.
(Law) A claim made by a person as an offset to a
claim made on him.
Coun"ter-com*po`ny (-k?m-p?`n?), a.
(Her.) See Compony.
Coun"ter-couch`ant
(koun"t?r-kouch"ant), a.
(Her.) Lying down, with their heads in opposite
directions; -- said of animals borne in a coat of arms.
Coun"ter-cou*rant" (-k??-r?nt"), a.
(Her.) Running in opposite directions; -- said of
animals borne in a coast of arms.
Coun"ter*cur`rent
(koun"t?r-k?r`-rent), a.
Running in an opposite direction.
Coun"ter*cur`rent, n. A current running
in an opposite direction to the main current.
Coun`ter*draw" (koun`t?r-dr?"), v.
t. [imp. Counterdrew
(-dr?"); p. p. Counterdrawn
(-dr?n"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Counterdrawing.] To copy, as a design
or painting, by tracing with a pencil on oiled paper, or other
transparent substance.
Coun"ter*fai"sance (koun"t?r-f?"zans),
n. See Counterfesance.
[Obs.]
Coun"ter*feit (koun"t?r-f?t), a.
[F. contrefait, p. p. of contrefaire
to counterfeit; contre (L. contra) +
faire to make, fr. L. facere. See
Counter, adv., and Fact.]
1. Representing by imitation or likeness; having a
resemblance to something else; portrayed.
Look here upon this picture, and on this-
The counterfeit presentment of two brothers.
Shak.
2. Fabricated in imitation of something else, with
a view to defraud by passing the false copy for genuine or
original; as, counterfeit antiques;
counterfeit coin. \'bdNo
counterfeit gem.\'b8
Robinson (More's Utopia).
3. Assuming the appearance of something; false;
spurious; deceitful; hypocritical; as, a counterfeit
philanthropist. \'bdAn arrant counterfeit
rascal.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- Forged; fictitious; spurious; false.
Coun"ter*feit, n. 1. That which
resembles or is like another thing; a likeness; a portrait; a
counterpart.
Thou drawest a counterfeit
Best in all Athens.
Shak.
Even Nature's self envied the same,
And grudged to see the counterfeit should shame
The thing itself.
Spenser.
2. That which is made in imitation of something,
with a view to deceive by passing the false for the true; as,
the bank note was a counterfeit.
Never call a true piece of gold a counterfeit.
Shak.
Some of these counterfeits are fabricated with such
exquisite taste and skill, that it is the achievement of
criticism to distinguish them from originals.
Macaulay.
3. One who pretends to be what he is not; one who
personates another; an impostor; a cheat.
I fear thou art another counterfeit;
And yet, in faith, thou bears'st thee like a king.
Shak.
Coun"ter*feit, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Counterfeited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Counterfeiting.] 1. To
imitate, or put on a semblance of; to mimic; as, to
counterfeit the voice of another person.
Full well they laughed with counterfeited glee
At all his jokes, for many a joke had he.
Goldsmith.
2. To imitate with a view to deceiving, by passing
the copy for that which is original or genuine; to forge; as,
to counterfeit the signature of another, coins, notes,
etc.
Coun"ter*feit, v. i. 1. To
carry on a deception; to dissemble; to feign; to pretend.
The knave counterfeits well; a good knave.
Shak.
2. To make counterfeits.
Coun"ter*feit`er (-f?t`?r), n.
1. One who counterfeits; one who copies or
imitates; especially, one who copies or forges bank notes or
coin; a forger.
The coin which was corrupted by counterfeiters.
Camden.
2. One who assumes a false appearance or semblance;
one who makes false pretenses.
Counterfeiters of devotion.
Sherwood.
Coun"ter*feit`ly, adv. By forgery;
falsely.
Coun"ter*fe`sance (-f?"zans),
n. [OF. contrefaisance, fr.
contrefaire. See Counterfeit,
a.] The act of forging; forgery.
[Obs.] [Written also
counterfaisance.]
Coun"ter*fleu`ry (koun"t?r-fl?`r?),
a. [F. contrefleuri.]
(Her.) Counterflory.
Coun"ter*flo`ry (-fl?`r?), a.
[See Counterfleury.] (Her.)
Adorned with flowers (usually fleurs-de-lis) so divided that
the tops appear on one side and the bottoms on the others; --
said of any ordinary.
Coun"ter*foil` (-foil), n.
[Counter- + foil a leaf.]
1. That part of a tally, formerly in the exchequer,
which was kept by an officer in that court, the other, called the
stock, being delivered to the person who had lent the
king money on the account; -- called also
counterstock. [Eng.]
2. The part of a writing (as the stub of a bank
check) in which are noted the main particulars contained in the
corresponding part, which has been issued.
Coun"ter*force` (-f?rs`), n. An
opposing force.
Coun"ter*fort` (-f?rt`), n.
1. (Fort.) A kind of buttress of masonry
to strengthen a revetment wall.
2. A spur or projection of a mountain.
Imp. Dict.
Coun"ter*gage` (-g?j`), n.
(Carp.) An adjustable gage, with double points
for transferring measurements from one timber to another, as the
breadth of a mortise to the place where the tenon is to be
made.
Knight.
Coun"ter*guard` (koun"t?r-g?rd`), n.
(Fort.) A low outwork before a bastion or
ravelin, consisting of two lines of rampart parallel to the faces
of the bastion, and protecting them from a breaching fire.
Coun"ter*ir`ri*tant
(-?r"r?-tant), n.,
Coun"ter*ir`ri*ta"tion, n. See
Counter irritant, etc., under Counter,
a.
Coun"ter*ir"ri*tate (koun"t?r-?r"r?-t?t),
v. t. (Med.) To produce counter
irritation in; to treat with one morbid process for the purpose
of curing another.
Coun"ter*jump`er (koun"t?r-j?mp`?r),
n. A salesman in a shop; a shopman; -- used
contemtuously. [Slang]
Coun"ter*man (koun"t?r-man),
n.; pl. Countermen
(-men). A man who attends at the
counter of a shop to sell goods. [Eng.]
Coun`ter*mand" (koun`t?r-m?nd"), v.
t. [imp & p. p.
Countermanded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Countermanding.] [F.
contremander; contre (L. contra)
+ mander to command, fr. L. mandare. Cf.
Mandate.] 1. To revoke (a former
command); to cancel or rescind by giving an order contrary to one
previously given; as, to countermand an order for
goods.
2. To prohibit; to forbid.
[Obs.]
Avicen countermands letting blood in choleric
bodles.
Harvey.
3. To oppose; to revoke the command of.
For us to alter anuthing, is to lift ourselves against God;
and, as it were, to countermand him.
Hooker.
Coun"ter*mand (koun"t?r-m?nd), n.
A contrary order; revocation of a former order or
command.
Have you no countermand for Claudio yet,
But he must die to-morrow?
Shak.
Coun`ter*mand"a*ble (-m?nd"?-b'l),
a. Capable of being countermanded;
revocable.
Bacon.
Coun`ter*march" (koun`t?r-m?rch"), v.
i. [imp. & p. p.
Countermarched (-m?rcht"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Countermarching.] (Mil.)
To march back, or to march in reversed order.
The two armies marched and countermarched, drew
near and receded.
Macaulay.
Coun"ter*march` (koun"t?r-m?rch`),
n. 1. A marching back;
retrocession.
2. (Mil.) An evolution by which a body
of troops change front or reverse the direction of march while
retaining the same men in the front rank; also, a movement by
which the rear rank becomes the front one, either with or without
changing the right to the left.
3. A change of measures; alteration of
conduct.
Such countermarches and retractions as we do not
willingly impute to wisdom.
T. Burnet.
Coun"ter*mark` (-m?rk`), n.
1. A mark or token added to those already existing,
in order to afford security or proof; as, an additional or
special mark put upon a package of goods belonging to several
persons, that it may not be opened except in the presence of all;
a mark added to that of an artificer of gold or silver work by
the Goldsmiths' Company of London, to attest the standard quality
of the gold or silver; a mark added to an ancient coin or medal,
to show either its change of value or that it was taken from an
enemy.
2. (Far.) An artificial cavity made in
the teeth of horses that have outgrown their natural mark, to
disguise their age.
Coun`ter*mark" (koun`t?r-m?rk"), v.
t. To apply a countenmark to; as, to
countermark silverware; to countermark a
horse's teeth.
Coun"ter*mine` (koun"t?r-m?n`), n.
[Counter- + mine underground gallery:
cf. F. contermine.] 1.
(Mil.) An underground gallery excavated to
intercept and destroy the mining of an enemy.
2. A stratagem or plot by which another sratagem or
project is defeated.
Thinking himself contemned, knowing no countermine
against contempt but terror.
Sir P. Sidney.
Coun`ter*mine" (koun`t?r-m?n"), v.
t. [Cf. F. contreminer.]
[imp. & p. p. Countermined;
p. pr. & vb. n. Countermining.]
1. (Mil.) To oppose by means or a
countermine; to intercept with a countermine.
2. To frustrate or counteract by secret
measures.
Coun`ter*mine", v. i. To make a
countermine or counterplot; to plot secretly.
'Tis hard for man to countermine with God.
Chapman.
Coun`ter*move" (koun`t?r-m??v"), v. t. &
i. To move in a contrary direction to.
{ Coun"ter*move` (-m??v`), n.
Coun"ter*move`ment (-ment). }
A movement in opposition to another.
Coun"ter*mure` (-m?r`), n.
[Counter- + mure: cf. F.
contremur.] (Fort.) A wall
raised behind another, to supply its place when breached or
destroyed. [R.] Cf. Contramure.
Knolles.
Coun`ter*mure" (koun`t?r-m?r"), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Countermured (-m?rd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Countermuring.] [Cf. F.
contremurer.] To fortify with a wall behind
another wall. [R.]
Kyd.
Coun"ter*nat`u*ral (koun"t?r-n?t`?-ral;
135), a. Contrary to nature.
[R.]
Harvey.
Coun"ter-pa`ly (-p?`l?), a. [F.
contre-pal\'82.] (Her.) Paly,
and then divided fesswise, so that each vertical piece is cut
into two, having the colors used alternately or
counterchanged. Thus the escutcheon in the
illustration may also be blazoned paly of six per fess
counterchanged argent and azure.
Coun"ter*pane` (koun"t?r-p?n`), n.
[See Counterpoint, corrupted into
counterpane, from the employment of
pane-shaped figures in these coverlets. ] A
coverlet for a bed, -- originally stitched or woven in squares or
figures.
On which a tissue counterpane was cast.
Drayton.
Coun"ter*pane`, n. [OF.
contrepan a pledge, security; contre + pan
a skirt, also, a pawn or gage, F. pan a skirt. See
Pane, and cf. Pawn.] (O. Law)
A duplicate part or copy of an indenture, deed, etc.,
corresponding with the original; -- now called
counterpart.
Read, scribe; give me the counterpane.
B. Jonson.
<-- p. 333 -->
Coun"ter*part` (koun"t?r-p?rt`), n.
1. A part corresponding to another part; anything
which answers, or corresponds, to another; a copy; a duplicate; a
facsimile.
In same things the laws of Normandy agreed with the laws of
England, so that they seem to be, as it were, copies or
counterparts one of another.
Sir M. Hale.
2. (Law) One of two corresponding copies
of an instrument; a duplicate.
3. A person who closely resembles another.
4. A thing may be applied to another thing so as to
fit perfectly, as a seal to its impression; hence, a thing which
is adapted to another thing, or which suplements it; that which
serves to complete or complement anything; hence, a person or
thing having qualities lacking in another; an opposite.
O counterpart
Of our soft sex, well are you made our lords.
Dryden.
Coun"ter*pas`sant (-p?s"sant),
a. [Counter- +
passant:cf. F. contrepassant.]
(Her.) Passant in opposite directions; -- said of
two animals.
Coun`ter*plead" (koun`t?r-pl?d"), v.
t. To plead the contrary of; to plead against; to
deny.
Coun`ter*plot" (koun`t?r-pl?t"), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Counterplotted;p. pr. & vb. n.
Counterplotting.] To oppose, as another
plot, by plotting; to attempt to frustrate, as a stratagem, by
stratagem.
Every wile had proved abortive, every plot had been
counterplotted.
De Quinsey.
Coun"ter*plot` (koun"t?r-pl?t`), n.
A plot or artifice opposed to another.
L'Estrange.
Coun"ter*point` (koun"t?r-point`),
n. [Counter- +
point.] An opposite point
[Obs.]
Sir E. Sandys.
Coun"ter*point`, n. [F.
contrepoint; cf. It. contrappunto. Cf.
Contrapuntal.] (Mus.) (a)
The setting of note against note in harmony; the adding of
one or more parts to a given canto fermo or
melody. (b) The art of polyphony, or
composite melody, i. e., melody not single, but moving
attended by one or more related melodies. (c)
Music in parts; part writing; harmony; polyphonic music. See
Polyphony.
Counterpoint, an invention equivalent to a new
creation of music.
Whewell.
Coun"ter*point`, n. [OF.
contrepoincte, corruption of earlier
counstepointe, countepointe, F.
courtepointe, fr. L. culcita cushion,
mattress (see Quilt, and cf. Cushion) +
puncta, fem. p. p. of pungere to prick (see
Point). The word properly meant a stitched quilt, with
the colors broken one into another.] A coverlet; a
cover for a bed, often stitched or broken into squares; a
counterpane. See 1st Counterpane.
Embroidered coverlets or counterpoints of purple
silk.
Sir T. North.
Coun"ter*poise` (koun"t?r-poiz`; 277), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Counterpoised (-poizd`); p. pr. & vb.
n. Counterpoising.] [OE.
countrepesen, counterpeisen, F.
contrepeser. See Counter, adv.,
and Poise, v. t. ] 1. To
act against with equal weight; to equal in weght; to balance the
weight of; to counterbalance.
Weigts, counterpoising one another.
Sir K. Digby.
2. To act against with equal power; to
balance.
So many freeholders of English will be able to beard and
counterpoise the rest.
Spenser.
Coun"ter*poise` (koun"t?r-poiz`), n.
[OE. countrepese, OF. contrepois, F.
contrepods. See Counter, adv., and
Poise, n.] 1. A weight
sufficient to balance another, as in the opposite scale of a
balance; an equal weight.
Fastening that to our exact balance, we put a metalline
counterpoise into the opposite scale.
Boyle.
2. An equal power or force acting in opposition; a
force sufficient to balance another force.
The second nobles are a counterpoise to the higher
nobility, that they grow not too potent.
Bacon.
3. The relation of two weights or forces which
balance each other; equilibrum; equiponderance.
The pendulous round eart, with balanced air,
In counterpoise.
Milton.
Coun"ter*pole` (-p?l`), n. The
exact opposite.
The German prose offers the counterpole to the
French style.
De Quincey.
Coun`ter*pon"der*ate (-p?n"d?r-?t), v.
t. TO equal in weight; to counterpoise; to
equiponderate.
Coun`ter*prove" (koun`t?r-pr??v"), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Counterproved (-pr??vd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Counterproving.] To take a
counter proof of, or a copy in reverse, by taking an impression
directly from the face of an original. See Counter
proof, under Counter.
Coun"ter-roll` (-r?l`), n. [Cf.
Control.] (O. Eng. Law) A
duplicate roll (record or account) kept by an officer as a check
upon another officer's roll.
Burrill.
control. See Control.
Coun`ter*rol"ment (koun`t?r-r?l"ment),
n. A counter account. See Control.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Coun`ter-sa"li*ent (-s?"l?-e]/>nt ent; 106), a. (Her.)
Leaping from each other; -- said of two figures on a coast
of arms.
Coun"ter*scale` (koun"t?r-sk?l`), n.
Counterbalance; balance, as of one scale against
another. [Obs.]
Howell.
Coun"ter*scarf` (-sk?rf`), n.
[Counter- + scarp: cf. F.
contrescarpe.] (Fort.) The
exterior slope or wall of the ditch; -- sometimes, the whole
covered way, beyond the ditch, with its parapet and glacis;
as, the enemy have lodged themselves on the
counterscarp.
Coun`ter*seal" (koun`t?r-s?l"), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Countersealed (-s?ld"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Countersealing.] To seal or
ratify with another or others.
Shak.
Coun`ter*se*cure" (-s?-k?r"), v. t.
To give additional security to or for.
Burke.
Coun"ter*shaft` (koun"t?r-sh?ft`),
n. (Mach.) An intermediate shaft;
esp., one which receives motion from a line shaft in a factory
and transmits it to a machine.
Coun`ter*sign" (-s?n`; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Countersigned
(-s?nd`); p. pr. & vb. n.
Countersigning.] [Counter- +
sign: cf. F. contresigner.]
To sign on the opposite side of (an instrument or writing);
hence, to sign in addition to the signature of a principal or
superior, in order to attest the authenticity of a writing.
Coun"ter*sign`, a. 1. The
signature of a secretary or other officer to a writing signed by
a principal or superior, to attest its authenticity.
2. (Mil.) A private signal, word, or
phrase, which must be given in order to pass a sentry; a
watchword.
Coun"ter*sink` (koun"t?r-s??k`; 277), v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Countersunk
(-s; p. pr. & vb. n.
Countersinking.] 1. To chamfer
or form a depression around the top of (a hole in wood, metal,
etc.) for the reception of the head of a screw or bolt below the
surface, either wholly or in part; as, to
countersink a hole for a screw.
2. To cause to sink even with or below the surface;
as, to countersink a screw or bolt into
woodwork.
Coun"ter*sink`, n. 1. An
enlargement of the upper part of a hole, forming a cavity or
depression for receiving the head of a screw or bolt.
countersink, while a cylindrical flat-bottomed
enlargement of the mouth of the hole is usually called a
conterbore.
2. A drill or cutting tool for countersinking
holes.
Coun"ter*stand` (-st, n.
Resistance; opposition; a stand against.
Making counterstand to Robert Guiscard.
Longfellow.
Coun"ter*step` (koun"t?r-st?p`), n.
A contrary method of procedure; opposite course of
action.
Coun"ter*stock` (-st?k`), n.
See Counterfoil.
Coun"ter*stroke` (-str?k`), n.
A stroke or blow in return.
Spenser.
Coun"ter*sunk` (-s?nk`), p. p. & a.
from Countersink. 1.
Chamfered at the top; -- said of a hole.
2. Sunk into a chamfer; as, a
countersunk bolt.
3. Beveled on the lower side, so as to fit a
chamfered countersink; as, a countersunk
nailhead.
Coun"ter*sway` (-sw?`), n. A
swaying in a contrary direction; an opposing influence.
[Obs.]
A countersway of restraint, curbing their wild
exorbitance.
Milton.
Coun"ter ten`or (t?n`?r). [OF.
contreteneur. Cf. Contratenor, and see
Tenor a part in music.] (Mus.) One
of the middle parts in music, between the tenor and the treble;
high tenor.
Counter-tenor clef (Mus.), the C
clef when placed on the third line; -- also called alto
clef.
Coun"ter*term` (-t?rm`), n. A
term or word which is the opposite of, or antithesis to, another;
an antonym; -- the opposite of synonym; as,
\'bdfoe\'b8 is the counterterm of
\'bdfriend\'b8.
C. J. Smith.
Coun"ter*time` (-t?m`), n.
1. (Man.) The resistance of a horse,
that interrupts his cadence and the measure of his manege,
occasioned by a bad horseman, or the bad temper of the
horse.
2. Resistance; opposition.
[Obs.]
Give not shus the countertime to fate.
Dryden.
Coun"ter*trip`pant (-tr?p`pant),
a. (Her.) Trippant in opposite
directions. See Trippant.
Coun"ter*trip`ping (-tr?p`p?ng), a.
(Her.) Same as Countertrippant.
Coun"ter*turn` (-t, n.
The critical moment in a play, when, contrary to
expectation, the action is embroiled in new difficulties.
Dryden.
Coun`ter*vail" (koun`t?r-v?l"), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Countervailed (-v?ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Countervailing.] [OF.
contrevaloir; contre (L. contra)
+ valoir to avail, fr. L. valere to be
strong, avail. See Vallant.] To act against
with equal force, power, or effect; to thwart or overcome by such
action; to furnish an equivalent to or for; to counterbalance; to
compensate.
Upon balancing the account, the profit at last will hardly
countervail the inconveniences that go allong with
it.
L'Estrange.
Coun"ter*vail` (koun"t?r-v?l`), n.
Power or value sufficient to obviate any effect; equal
weight, strength, or value; equivalent; compensation;
requital. [Obs.]
Surely, the present pleasure of a sinful act is a poor
countervail for the bitterness of the review.
South.
Coun`ter*val*la"tion (-v?l-l?"s??n),
n. (Fort.) See
Contravallation.
Coun"ter*view` (koun"t?r-v?`), n.
1. An opposite or opposing view; opposition; a
posture in which two persons front each other.
Within the gates of hell sat Death and Sin,
In counterview.
Milton
M. Peisse has ably advocated the counterview in his
preface and appendixx.
Sir W. Hamilton.
2. A position in which two dissimilar things
illustrate each other by opposition; contrast.
I have drawn some lines of Linger's character, on purpose to
place it in counterview, or contrast with that of the
other company.
Swift.
Coun`ter*vote" (koun`t?r-v?t"), v.
t. To vote in opposition ti; to balance or overcome by
viting; to outvote.
Dr. J. Scott.
Coun`ter*walt" (koun`ter-w?t"), v.
t. To wait or watch for; to be on guard against.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Coun`ter*weigh" (-w?"), v. t.
To weigh against; to counterbalance.
Coun"ter *weight` (-w?t`), n. A
counterpoise.
Coun`ter*wheel" (-hw?l"), v. t.
(Mil.) To cause to wheel or turn in an opposite
direction.
Coun`ter*work" (-w?rk"), v. t.
To work in oppositeion to; to counteract.
That counterworksh folly and caprice.
Pope.
Count"ess (kount"?s), n.; pl.
Countesses (-. [F.
comtesse. See Count a nobleman.]
The wife of an earl in the British peerage, or of a count in
the Continental nobility; also, a lady possessed of the same
dignity in her own right. See the Note under
Count.
{ Count"ing*house` (kount"?ng-hous`),
Count"ing*room` (kount"?ng-r??m`), }
n. [See Count, v. ]
The house or room in which a merchant, trader, or
manufacturer keeps his books and transacts business.
Count"less (-l?s), a. Incapable
of being counted; not ascertainable; innumerable.
Count"or (kount"?r), n. [From
Count, v. t. (in sense 4).] (O.
Eng. Law) An advocate or professional pleader; one who
counted for his client, that is, orally pleaded his cause.
[Obs.]
Burrill.
{ Coun*tour" (k??n-t??r"),
Coun*tour"house` (-hous`), }
n. [See 2d Counter.] A
merchant's office; a countinghouse. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Coun"tre- (koun"ter-). Same as prefix
Counter-. [Obs.]
Coun`tre*plete" (-pl?t"), v. t.
[Countre- + plete to plead.]
To counterplead. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Coun"tre*taille` (koun"t?r-t?l`), n.
[F. contretaille; contre (L.
contra) + taille cut. See
Tally.] A counter tally; correspondence (in
sound). [Obs.]
At the countretaille, in return.
Chaucer.
Coun"tri*fied (k?n"tr?-f?ld), p. a.
Having the appearance and manners of a rustic; rude.
As being one who took no pride,
And was a deal too countrified.
Lloyd.
Coun"tri*fy (k?n"tr?-f?), v. t.
To give a rural appearance to; to cause to appear
rustic.
Lamb.
Coun"try (k?n"tr?), n.; pl.
Countries (-tr. [F.
contr, LL. contrata, fr. L.
contra over against, on the opposite side. Cf.
Counter, adv., Contra.]
1. A tract of land; a region; the territory of an
independent nation; (as distinguished from any other region, and
with a personal pronoun) the region of one's birth, permanent
residence, or citizenship.
Return unto thy country, and to thy kindred.
Gen. xxxxii. 9.
I might have learned this by my last exile,
that change of countries cannot change my state.
Stirling.
Many a famous realm
And country, whereof here needs no account
Milton.
2. Rural regions, as opposed to a city or
town.
As they walked, on their way into the country.
Mark xvi. 12 (Rev. Ver. ).
God made the covatry, and man made the town.
Cowper.
Only very great men were in the habit of dividing the year
between town and country.
Macualay.
3. The inhabitants or people of a state or a
region; the populace; the public. Hence: (a) One's
constituents. (b) The whole body of the electors of
state; as, to dissolve Parliament and appeal to the
country.
All the country in a general voice
Cried hate upon him.
Shak.
4. (Law) (a) A jury, as
representing the citizens of a country. (b)
The inhabitants of the district from which a jury is
drawn.
5. (Mining.) The rock through which a
vein runs.
Conclusion to the country. See under
Conclusion. -- To put, , to appeal to one's constituents; to
stand trial before a jury.
Coun"try, a. 1. Pertaining to
the regions remote from a city; rural; rustic; as, a
country life; a country town; the
country party, as opposed to city.
2. Destitute of refinement; rude; unpolished;
rustic; not urbane; as, country manners.
3. Pertaining, or peculiar, to one's own
country.
She, bowing herself towards him, laughing the cruel tyrant to
scorn, spake in her country language.
2 Macc. vii. 27.
Coun"try-base` (-b?s`), n. Same
as Prison base.
Coun"try-dance` (-d?ns`), n.
[Prob. an adaptation of contradance.]
See Contradance.
He had introduced the English country-dance to the
knowledge of the Dutch ladies.
Macualay.
Coun"try*man (k?n"tr?-man),
n.; pl. Countrymen
(-men). 1. An inhabitant or
native of a region.
Shak.
2. One born in the same country with another; a
compatriot; -- used with a possessive pronoun.
In perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in perils by mine
own countrymen.
2 Cor. xi. 26.
3. One who dwells in the country, as distinguished
from a townsman or an inhabitant of a city; a rustic; a
husbandman or farmer.
A simple countryman that brought her figs.
Shak.
Coun"try seat` (k?n"tr? s?t`). A dwelling
in the country, used as a place of retirement from the
city.
Coun"try*side` (-s?d`), n. A
particular rural district; a country neighborhood.
[Eng.]
W. Black. Blackmore.
Coun"try*wom`an (-w??m`an),
n.; pl. Countrywomen
(-w. A woman born, or dwelling, in
the country, as opposed to the city; a woman born or dwelling in
the same country with another native or inhabitant.
Shak.
Count"-wheel` (kount"hw?l`), n.
The wheel in a clock which regulates the number of
strokes.
Coun"ty (koun"t?), n.; pl.
Counties (-t. [F.
comt, fr. LL. comitatus. See
Count.] 1. An earldom; the domain of
a count or earl. [Obs.]
2. A circuit or particular portion of a state or
kingdom, separated from the rest of the territory, for certain
purposes in the administration of justice and public affairs; --
called also a shire. See Shire.
Every county, every town, every family, was in
agitation.
Macaulay.
<-- p. 334 -->
3. A count; an earl or lord.
[Obs.]
Shak.
County commissioners. See
Commissioner. -- County corporate, a
city or town having the privilege to be a county by itself, and
to be governed by its own sheriffs and other magistrates,
irrespective of the officers of the county in which it is
situated; as London, York, Bristol, etc. [Eng.]
Mozley & W. -- County court, a court
whose jurisdiction is limited to county. -- County
palatine, a county distingushed by particular
privileges; -- so called a palatio (from the palace),
because the owner had originally royal powers, or the same
powers, in the administration of justice, as the king had in his
palace; but these powers are now abridged. The counties palatine,
in England, are Lancaster, Chester, and Durham. --
County rates, rates levied upon the county, and
collected by the boards of guardians, for the purpose of
defraying the expenses to which counties are liable, such as
repairing bridges, jails, etc. [Eng.] --
County seat, a county town.
[U.S.] -- County sessions, the
general quarter sessions of the peace for each county, held four
times a year. [Eng.] -- County town,
the town of a county, where the county business is
transacted; a shire town.
\'d8Coup (k??), n. [F., fr.L.
colaphus a cuff, Gr. A
sudden stroke; an unexpected device or stratagem; -- a term used
in various ways to convey the idea of promptness and force.
Coup de grace (ke
gr [F.], the stroke of mercy with which
an executioner ends by death the sufferings of the condemned;
hence, a decisive, finishing stroke. -- Coup de
main (ke m
[F.] (Mil.), a sudden and unexpected
movement or attack. -- Coup de soleil
(k [F.]
(Med.), a sunstroke. See Sunstroke.
-- Coup d'\'82tat (k
[F.] (Politics), a sudden, decisive
exercise of power whereby the existing government is subverted
without the consent of the people; an unexpected measure of
state, more or less violent; a stroke of policy. --
Coup d'\'d2il (k.
[F.] (a) A single view; a rapid glance of
the eye; a comprehensive view of a scene; as much as can be seen
at one view. (b) The general effect of a
picture. (c) (Mil.) The faculty or
the act of comprehending at a glance the weakness or strength of
a military position, of a certain arrangement of troops, the most
advantageous position for a battlefield, etc.
Cou (k??"p?-b'l), a.
[F.] Culpable. [Obs.]
\'d8Cou`p\'82" (k??`p?"), n.
[F., fr. coup\'82, p. p. of couper to
cut. See Coppice.] 1. The front
compartment of a French diligence; also, the front compartment
(usually for three persons) of a car or carriage on British
railways.
2. A four-wheeled close carriage for two persons
inside, with an outside seat for the driver; -- so called because
giving the appearance of a larger carriage cut off.
Couped (k??pt), a. [F.
couper to cut.] (Her.) Cut off
smoothly, as distinguished from erased; -- used especially for
the head or limb of an animal. See Erased.
Cou*pee" (k??-p?"; F. k??`p?), n.
[F. coup\'82, n., properly p. p. of couper to cut. Cf.
Coup\'82, Coopee.] A motion in
dancing, when one leg is a little bent, and raised from the
floor, and with the other a forward motion is made.
Chambers.
\'d8Coupe`-gorge" (k??p`g?rzh"), n.
[F., cut throat.] (Mil.) Any position
giving the enemy such advantage that the troops occupying it must
either surrender or be cut to pieces.
Farrow.
Cou"ple (k?p"'l), n. [F.
couple, fr. L. copula a bond, band;
co- + apere, aptum, ti join. See
Art, a., and cf.Copula.]
1. That which joins or links two things together; a
bond or tie; a coupler. [Obs.]
It is in some sort with friends as it is with dogs in
couples; they should be of the same size and
humor.
L'Estrange.
I'll go in couples with her.
Shak.
2. Two of the same kind connected or considered
together; a pair; a brace. \'bdA couple of
shepherds.\'b8 Sir P. Sidney. \'bdA
couple of drops\'b8 Adduson. \'bdA
couple of miles.\'b8 Dickens. \'bdA
couple of weeks.\'b8 Carlyle.
Adding one to one we have the complex idea of a
couple.
Locke.
[Ziba] met him with a couple of asses saddled.
2 Sam. xvi. 1.
3. A male and female associated together; esp., a
man and woman who are married or betrothed.
Such were our couple, man and wife.
Lloyd.
Fair couple linked in happy, nuptial league.
Milton.
4. (Arch.) See
Couple-close.
5. (Elec.) One of the pairs of plates of
two metals which compose a voltaic battery; -- called a
voltaic couple or galvanic couple.
6. (Mech.) Two rotations, movements,
etc., which are equal in amount but opposite in direction, and
acting along parallel lines or around parallel axes.
couple of forces is to
produce a rotation. A couple of rotations is
equivalent to a motion of translation.
Cou"ple, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coupled (k?p"'ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coupling (-l?ng).]
[F. coupler, fr. L. copulare. See
Couple, n., and cf. Copulate,
Cobble, v. ]
1. To link or tie, as one thing to another; to
connect or fasten together; to join.
Huntsman, I charge thee, tender well my hounds, . . .
And couple Clowder with the deep-mouthed brach.
Shak.
2. To join in wedlock; to marry.
[Colloq.]
A parson who couples all our beggars.
Swift.
Cou"ple, v. i. To come together as male
and female; to copulate. [Obs.]
Milton. Bacon.
Cou"ple-beg`gar (-b?g`g?r), n.
One who makes it his business to marry beggars to each
other.
Swift.
Cou"ple-close` (k?p"?-kl?s`), n.;
pl. Couple-closes (-kl
1. (Her.) A diminutive of the chevron,
containing one fourth of its surface. Couple-closes are generally
borne one on each side of a chevron, and the blazoning may then
be either a chevron between two couple-closes or chevron
cottised.
2. (Arch.) A pair of rafters framed
together with a tie fixed at their feet, or with a collar
beam. [Engl.]
Cou"ple*ment (k?p"'l-ment),
n. [Cf. OF. couplement.]
Union; combination; a coupling; a pair.
[Obs.]
Shak.
And forth together rode, a goodly couplement.
Spenser.
Coup"ler (k?p"l?r), n. One who
couples; that which couples, as a link, ring, or shackle, to
connect cars.
Coupler of an organ, a contrivance by which
any two or more of the ranks of keys, or keys and pedals, are
connected so as to act together when the organ is
played.
Coup"let (-l?t), n. [F.
couplet, dim. of couple. See
Couple, n. ] Two taken together; a
pair or couple; especially two lines of verse that rhyme with
each other.
A sudden couplet rushes on your mind.
Crabbe.
Coup"ling (-l?ng), n. 1.
The act of bringing or coming together; connection; sexual
union.
2. (Mach.) A device or contrivance which
serves to couple or connect adjacent parts or objects; as, a
belt coupling, which connects the ends of a belt; a car
coupling, which connects the cars in a train; a shaft
coupling, which connects the ends of shafts.
Box coupling, Chain
coupling. See under Box, Chain. --
Coupling box, a coupling shaped like a journal
box, for clamping together the ends of two shafts, so that they
may revolve together. -- Coupling pin, a pin
or bolt used in coupling or joining together railroad cars,
etc.
Cou"pon (k??"p?n; F. k??`p?n"), n.
[F., fr. couper to cut, cut off. See
Coppice.] 1. (Com.) A
certificate of interest due, printed at the bottom of
transferable bonds (state, railroad, etc.), given for a term of
years, designed to be cut off and presented for payment when the
interest is due; an interest warrant.
2. A section of a ticket, showing the holder to be
entitled to some specified accomodation or service, as to a
passage over a designated line of travel, a particular seat in a
theater, or the like.
\'d8Cou*pure" (k??-p?r"), n.
[F., fr. couper to cut.] (Fort.)
A passage cut through the glacis to facilitate sallies by
the besieged.
Wilhelm.
Cour"age (k?r"?j;48), n. [OE.
corage heart, mind, will, courage, OF.
corage, F. courage, fr. a LL. derivative
of L. cor heart. See Heart.]
1. The heart; spirit; temper; disposition.
[Obs.]
So priketh hem nature in here corages.
Chaucer.
My lord, cheer up your spirits; our foes are nigh,
and this soft courage makes your followers faint.
Shak.
2. Heart; inclination; desire; will.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
I'd such a courage to do him good.
Shak.
3. That quality of mind which enables one to
encounter danger and difficulties with firmness, or without fear,
or fainting of heart; valor; boldness; resolution.
The king-becoming graces . . .
Devotion, patience, courage, fortitude,
I have no relish of them.
Shak.
Courage that grows from constitution often forsakes
a man when he has occasion for it.
Addison.
Syn. -- Heroism; bravery; intrepidity; valor; gallantry;
daring; firmness; hardihood; boldness; dauntlessness;
resolution. See Heroism. --
Courage, Bravery, Fortitude,
Intrepidity, Gallantry, Valor.
Courage is that firmness of spirit and swell of soul
which meets danger without fear. Bravery is daring and
impetuous courage, like that of one who has the reward
continually in view, and displays his courage in daring acts.
Fortitude has often been styled \'bdpassive
courage,\'b8 and consist in the habit of encountering danger and
enduring pain with a steadfast and unbroken spirit.
Valor is courage exhibited in war, and can not be
applied to single combats; it is never used figuratively.
Intrepidity is firm, unshaken courage.
Gallantry is adventurous courage, which courts danger
with a high and cheerful spirit. A man may show
courage, fortitude, or
intrepidity in the common pursuits of life, as well as
in war. Valor, bravery, and
gallantry are displayed in the contest of arms.
Valor belongs only to battle; bravery may
be shown in single combat; gallantry may be manifested
either in attack or defense; but in the latter ease, the defense
is usually turned into an attack.
Cou"age, v. t. To inspire with
courage. [Obs.]
Paul writeth unto Timothy . . . to courage him.
Tyndale.
Cour*a"geous (k?r-?"j?s), a.
[F. courageux.] Possessing, or
characterized by, courage; brave; bold.
With this victory, the women became most courageous
and proud, and the men waxed . . . fearful and desperate.
Stow.
Syn. -- Gallant; brave; bold; daring; valiant; valorous;
heroic; intrepid; fearless; hardy; stout; adventurous;
enterprising. See Gallant.
Cour*a"geous*ly, adv. In a courageous
manner.
Cour*a"geous*ness, n. The quality of
being courageous; courage.
Cou*rant" (k??-r?nt"), a. [F.,
p. pr. of courir to run, L. currere. Cf.
Current.] (Her.) Represented as
running; -- said of a beast borne in a coat of arms.
Cou*rant" (k??-r?nt"), n. [F.
courante, fr. courant, p.
pr.] 1. A piece of music in triple
time; also, a lively dance; a coranto.
2. A circulating gazette of news; a
newspaper.
Cou*ran"to (-r?n"t?), n. A
sprightly dance; a coranto; a courant.
Cou*rap" (k??-r?p), n.
(Med.) A skin disease, common in India, in which
there is perpetual itching and eruption, esp. of the groin,
breast, armpits, and face.
Courb (k??rb), a. [F.
courbe, fr. L. curvus. See Curve,
a.] Curved; rounded.
[Obs.]
Her neck is short, her shoulders courb.
Gower.
Courb (k??rb), v. i. [F.
courber. See Curs.] To bend; to
stop; to bow. [Obs.]
Then I courbed on my knees.
Piers Plowman.
Cour"ba*ril (k??r"b?-r?l), n.
[F. courbaril, from a South American word.]
See Anim\'82, n.
Courche (k??rsh), n. [Cf.
Kerchief.] A square piece of linen used
formerly by women instead of a cap; a kerchief.
[Scot.] [Written also
curch.]
Jamieson.
Cou"ri*er (k??"r?-?r), n. [F.
courrier, fr. courre, courir, to
run, L. currere. See Course,
Current.] 1. A messenger sent with
haste to convey letters or dispatches, usually on public
busuness.
The wary Bassa . . . by speedy couriers, advertised
Solyman of the enemy's purpose.
Knolles.
2. An attendant on travelers, whose business it is
to make arrangements for their convenience at hotels and on the
way.
Cour"lan (k??r"l?n), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A South American bird, of the genus
Aramus, allied to the rails.
Course (k?rs), n. [F.
cours, course, L. cursus, fr.
currere to run. See Current.]
1. The act of moving from one point to another;
progress; passage.
And when we had finished our course from Tyre, we
came to Ptolemais.
Acts xxi. 7.
2. THe ground or path traversed; track; way.
The same horse also run the round course at
Newmarket.
Pennant.
3. Motion, considered as to its general or
resultant direction or to its goal; line progress or
advance.
A light by which the Argive squadron steers
Their silent course to Ilium's well known shore.
Dennham.
Westward the course of empire takes its way.
Berkeley.
4. Progress from point to point without change of
direction; any part of a progress from one place to another,
which is in a straight line, or on one direction; as, a ship
in a long voyage makes many courses; a course
measured by a surveyor between two stations; also, a
progress without interruption or rest; a heat; as, one
course of a race.
5. Motion considered with reference to manner; or
derly progress; procedure in a certain line of thought or action;
as, the course of an argument.
The course of true love never did run smooth.
Shak.
6. Customary or established sequence of evants; re
currence of events according to natural laws.
By course of nature and of law.
Davies.
Day and night,
Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost,
Shall hold their course.
Milton.
7. Method of procedure; manner or way of
conducting; conduct; behavior.
My lord of York commends the plot and the general
course of the action.
Shak.
By perseverance in the course prescribed.
Wodsworth.
You hold your course without remorse.
Tennyson.
8. A series of motions or acts arranged in order; a
succession of acts or practices connectedly followed; as, a
course of medicine; a course of lectures on
chemistry.
9. The succession of one to another in office or
duty; order; turn.
He appointed . . . the courses of the priests
2 Chron. viii. 14.
10. That part of a meal served at one time, with
its accompaniments.
He [Goldsmith] wore fine clothes, gave dinners of several
courses, paid court to venal beauties.
Macualay.
11. (Arch.) A continuous level range of
brick or stones of the same height throughout the face or faces
of a building.
Gwilt.
12. (Naut.) The lowest sail on any mast
of a square-rigged vessel; as, the fore course, main
course, etc.
13. pl. (Physiol.) The
menses.
In course, in regular succession. --
Of course, by consequence; as a matter of course;
in regular or natural order. -- In the course of,
at same time or times during. \'bdIn the course of
human events.\'b8
T. Jefferson.
Syn. -- Way; road; route; passage; race; series; succession;
manner; method; mode; career; progress.
Course, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coursed (k?rst)); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coursing.] 1. To run,
hunt, or chase after; to follow hard upon; to pursue.
We coursed him at the heels.
Shak.
2. To cause to chase after or pursue game; as,
to course greyhounds after deer.
3. To run through or over.
The bounding steed courses the dusty plain.
Pope.
Course, v. i. 1. To run as in a
race, or in hunting; to pursue the sport of coursing; as, the
sportsmen coursed over the flats of
Lancashire.
2. To move with speed; to race; as, the blood
courses through the veins.
Shak.
Coursed (k?rst), a. 1.
Hunted; as, a coursed hare.
2. Arranged in courses; as, coursed
masonry.
Cours"er (k?rs"?r), n. [F.
coursier.] 1. One who courses or
hunts.
leash is a leathern thong by which . . . a courser
leads his greyhound.
Hanmer.
2. A swift or spirited horse; a racer or a war
horse; a charger. [Poetic.]
Pope.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A grallatorial bird of
Europe (Cursorius cursor), remarkable for its speed in
running. Sometimes, in a wider sense, applied to running birds of
the Ostrich family.
Cour"sey (k?r"s?), n. [Cf. OF.
corsie, coursie, passage way to the stern.
See Course, n. ]
(Naut.)A space in the galley; a part of the
hatches.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
<-- p. 335 -->
<-- missing "of" (after running) in original? -->
Cours"ing (k?rs"?ng), n. The
pursuit or running game with dogs that follow by sight instead of
by scent.
In coursing of a deer, or hart, with
greyhounds.
Bacon
Court (k?rt), n. [OF.
court, curt, cort, F.
co, LL. cortis, fr. L.
cohors, cors, chors, gen.
cohortis, cortis, chortis, an
inclosure, court, thing inclosed, crowd, throng; co- +
a root akin to Gr. garden, yard, orchard. See
Yard, and cf. Cohort, Curtain.]
1. An inclosed space; a courtyard; an uncovered
area shut in by the walls of a building, or by different
building; also, a space opening from a street and nearly
surrounded by houses; a blind alley.
The courts the house of our God.
Ps. cxxxv. 2.
And round the cool green courts there ran a row
Cf cloisters.
Tennyson.
Goldsmith took a garret in a miserable court.
Macualay.
2. The residence of a sovereign, prince, nobleman,
or ether dignitary; a palace.
Attends the emperor in his royal court.
Shak.
This our court, infected with their manners,
Shows like a riotous inn.
Shak.
3. The collective body of persons composing the
retinue of a sovereign or person high in aithority; all the
surroundings of a sovereign in his regal state.
My lord, there is a nobleman of the court at door
would speak with you.
Shak.
Love rules the court, the camp, the grove.
Sir. W. Scott.
4. Any formal assembling of the retinue of a
sovereign; as, to hold a court.
The princesses held their court within the
fortres.
Macualay.
5. Attention directed to a person in power; conduct
or address designed to gain favor; courtliness of manners;
civility; compliment; flattery.
No solace could her paramour intreat
Her once to show, ne court, nor dalliance.
Spenser.
I went to make my court to the Dike and Duches of
Newcastle.
Evelyn.
6. (Law) (a) The hall, chamber,
or place, where justice is administered. (b)
The persons officially assembled under authority of law, at
the appropriate time and place, for the administration of
justice; an official assembly, legally met together for the
transaction of judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for
the hearing or trial of causes. (c) A
tribunal established for the administration of justice.
(d) The judge or judges; as distinguished from the
counsel or jury, or both.
Most heartily I do beseech the court
To give the judgment.
Shak.
7. The session of a judicial assembly.
8. Any jurisdiction, civil, military, or
ecclesiastical.
9. A place arranged for playing the game of tennis;
also, one of the divisions of a tennis court.
Christian court, the English ecclesiastical
courts in the aggregate, or any one of them. -- Court
breeding, education acquired at court. --
Court card. Same as Coat card.
-- Court circular, one or more paragraphs of news
respecting the sovereign and the royal family, together with the
proceedings or movements of the court generally, supplied to the
newspapers by an officer specially charged with such duty.
[Eng.] Edwards. -- Court
day, a day on which a court sits to administer
justice. -- Court dress, the dress prescribed
for appearance at the court of a sovereign. -- Court
fool, a buffoon or jester, formerly kept by princes and
nobles for their amusement. -- Court guide, a
directory of the names and adresses of the nobility and gentry in
a town. -- Court hand, the hand or manner of
writing used in records and judicial proceedings.
Shak. -- Court lands (Eng.
Law), lands kept in demesne, -- that is, for the use of
the lord and his family. -- Court marshal,
one who acts as marshal for a court. -- Court
party, a party attached to the court. --
Court rolls, the records of a court.
SeeRoll. -- Court in banc, Court in bank, The full court sitting at
its regular terms for the hearing of arguments upon questions of
law, as distinguished from a sitting at nisi
prius. -- Court of Arches,
audience, etc. See under Arches,
Audience, etc. -- Court of
Chancery. See Chancery, n. --
Court of Common pleas. (Law) See
Common pleas, under Common. --
Court of Equity. See under Equity, and
Chancery. -- Court of Inquiry
(Mil.) , a court appointed to inquire into and
report on some military matter, as the conduct of an
officer. -- Court of St. James, the usual
designation of the British Court; -- so called from the old
palace of St. James, which is used for the royal receptions,
levees, and drawing-rooms. -- The court of the
Lord, the temple at Jerusalem; hence, a church, or
Christian house of worship. -- General Court,
the legislature of a State; -- so called from having had, in
the colonial days, judical power; as, the General
Court of Massachusetts. [U.S.] -- To
pay one's court, to seek to gain favor by attentions.
\'bdAlcibiades was assiduous in paying his
court to Tissaphernes.\'b8 Jowett. --
To put out of court, to refuse further judicial
hearing.
Court, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Courted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Courting.] 1. To endeavor to
gain the favor of by attention or flattery; to try to ingratiate
one's self with.
By one person, hovever, Portland was still assiduously
courted.
Macualay.
2. To endeavor to gain the affections of; to seek
in marriage; to woo.
If either of you both love Katharina . . .
leave shall you have to court her at your
pleasure.
Shak.
3. To attempt to gain; to solicit; to seek.
They might almost seem to have courted the crown of
martyrdem.
Prescott.
Guilt and misery . . . court privacy and
silitude.
De Quincey.
4. To invite by attractions; to allure; to
attract.
A well-worn pathway courted us
To one green wicket in a privet hedge.
Tennyson.
Court, v. i. 1. To play the
lover; to woo; as, to go courting.
Court"-bar`on (-b?r`?n), n.
(Law) An inferior court of civil jurisdiction,
attached to a manor, and held by the steward; a baron's court; --
now fallen into disuse.
Court"bred` (-br?d`), a. Bred,
or educated, at court; polished; courtly.
Court"-craft` (k?rt"kr?ft`), n.
The artifices, intrigues, and plottings, at courts.
Court"-cup`board (-k?b`b?rd), n.
A movable sideboard or buffet, on which plate and other
articles of luxury were displayed on special ocasions.
[Obs.]
A way with the joint stools, remove the
court-cupboard, look to the plate.
Shak.
Cour"te*ous (k?r"t?-?s; 277), a.
[OE. cortais, corteis,
cortois, rarely corteous, OF.
corties, corteis, F. courtois.
See Court.] Of courtlike manners; pertaining
to, or exxpressive of, courtesy; characterized by courtesy;
civil; obliging; well bred; polite; affable; complaisant.
A patient and courteous bearing.
Prescott.
His behavior toward his people is grave and
courteous.
Fuller.
Cour"te*ous*ly, adv. In a courteous
manner.
Cour"te*ous*ness, n. The quality of
being courteous; politeness; courtesy.
Cour"te*py (k??r"t?-p?), n. [D.
kort short + pije a coarse cloth.]
A short coat of coarse cloth. [Obs.]
Full threadbare was his overeste courtepy.
Chaucer.
Court"er (k?rt"?r), n. One who
courts; one who plays the lover, or who solicits in marriage; one
who flatters and cajoles.
Sherwood.
Cour"te*san (k?r"t?-z?n; 277), n.
[F. courtisane, fr. courtisan
courtier, It. cortigiano; or directly fr. It.
cortigiana, or Sp. cortesana. See
Court.] A woman who prostitutes herself for
hire; a prostitute; a harlot.
Lasciviously decked like a courtesan.
Sir H. Wotton.
Cour"te*san*ship, n. Harlotry.
Cour"te*sy (k?r"t?-s?), n.; pl.
Courtesies (-s. [OE.
cortaisie, corteisie, courtesie,
OF. curteisie, cortoisie, OF.
curteisie, cortoisie, F.
courtoisie, fr. curteis,
corteis. See Courteous.] 1.
Politeness; civility; urbanity; courtliness.
And trust thy honest-offered courtesy,
With oft is sooner found in lowly sheds,
With smoky rafters, than in tapestry walls
And courts of princes, where it first was named,
And yet is most pretended.
Milton.
Pardon me, Messer Claudio, if once more
I use the ancient courtesies of speech.
Longfellow.
2. An act of civility or respect; an act of
kindness or favor performed with politeness.
My lord, for your many courtesies I thank you.
Shak.
3. Favor or indulgence, as distinguished from
right; as, a title given one by courtesy.
Courtesy title, a title assumed by a person,
or popularly conceded to him, to which he has no valid claim; as,
the courtesy title of Lord prefixed to the
names of the younger sons of noblemen.
Syn. -- Politiness; urbanity; civility; complaisance;
affability; courteousness; elegance; refinement; courtliness;
good breeding. See Politeness.
Courte"sy (k?rt"s?), n. [See
the preceding word.] An act of civility, respect, or
reverence, made by women, consisting of a slight depression or
dropping of the body, with bending of the kness.
[Written also curtsy.]
The lady drops a courtesy in token of obedience,
and the ceremony proceeds as usual.
Golgsmith.
Courte"sy, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Courtesied (-s?d);; p. pr. & vb.
n. Courtesyng.] To make a
respectful salutation or movement of respect; esp. (with
reference to women), to bow the body slightly, with bending of
the knes.
Courte"sy, v. t. To treat with
civility. [Obs.]
Courte"house` (k?rt"hous`), n.
1. A house in which established courts are held, or
a house appropriated to courts and public meetings.
[U.S.]
2. A county town; -- so called in Virginia and some
others of the Southern States.
Providence, the county town of Fairfax, is unknown by that
name, and passes as Fairfax Court House.
Barlett.
Court"ier (k?rt"y?r), n. [From
Court.] 1. One who is in attendance
at the court of a prince; one who has an appointment at
court.
You know I am no courtier, nor versed in state
affairs.
Bacon.
This courtier got a frigate, and that a
company.
Macualay.
2. One who courts or solicits favor; one who
flatters.
There was not among all our princes a greater
courtier of the people than Richard III.
Suckling.
Court"ier*y (-?), n. The
manners of a courtier; courtliness. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Court"-leet` (-l?t`), n. (Eng.
Law) A court of record held once a year, in a
particular hundred, lordship, or manor, before the steward of the
leet.
Blackstone.
Court"like` (-l?k`), a. After
the manner of a court; elegant; polite; courtly.
Court"li*ness (-l?-n?s), n.
[From Courtly.] The quality of being
courtly; elegance or dignity of manners.
Court"ling (-l?ng), n.
[Court + -ling.] A
sycophantic courtier.
B. Jonson.
Court"ly (-l?), a. [From
Court.] 1. Relating or belonging to
a court.
2. Elegant; polite; courtlike; flattering.
In courtly company or at my beads.
Shak.
3. Disposed to favor the great; favoring the policy
or party of the court; obsequious.
Macualay.
Court"ly, adv. In the manner of courts;
politely; gracefully; elegantly.
They can produce nothing so courtly writ.
Dryden
Court`-mar"tial (k?rt`m?r"shal),
n.; pl. Courts-martial
(k. A court consisting of military
or naval officers, for the trial of one belonging to the army or
navy, or of offenses against military or naval law.
Court`-mar"tial, v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Court-martialed
(-shald); p. pr. & vb. n.
Court-martialing.] To subject to trial
by a court-martial.
Court"-plas`ter (k?rt"pl?s`t?r), n.
Sticking plaster made by coating taffeta or silk on one side
with some adhesive substance, commonly a mixture of isinglass and
glycerin.
Court"ship (k?rt"sh?p), n.
1. The act of paying court, with the intent to
solicit a favor.
Swift.
2. The act of wooing in love; solicitation of woman
to marriage.
This method of courtship, [by which] both sides are
prepared for all the matrimonial adventures that are to
follow.
Goldsmith.
3. Courtliness; elegance of manners;
courtesy. [Obs.]
Trim gallants, full of courtship and of state.
Shak.
4. Court policy; the character of a courtier;
artifice of a court; court-craft; finesse.
[Obs.]
She [the Queen] being composed of courtship and
Popery.
Fuller.
Court" ten"nis (k?rt" t?n"n?s). See under
Tennis.
Court"yard (k?rt"y?rd`), n. A
court or inclosure attached to a house.
Cous"cous` (k??s"k??s`), n. A
kind of food used by the natives of Western Africa, made of
millet flour with flesh, and leaves of the baobab; -- called also
lalo.
Cous`cou*sou" (k??s`k??-s??"), n.
A favorite dish in Barbary. See Couscous.
Cous"in (k?z"'n), n. [F.
cousin, LL. cosinus, cusinus,
contr. from L. consobrinus the child of a mother's
sister, cousin; con- + sobrinus a cousin by
the mother's side, a form derived fr. soror
(forsosor) sister. See Sister, and cf.
Cozen, Coz.] 1. One
collaterally related more remotely than a brother or sister;
especially, the son or daughter of an uncle or aunt.
first cousins, or
cousins-german. In the second generation, they are
called second cousins. See Cater-cousin, and
Quater-cousin.
Thou art, great lord, my father's sister's son,
A cousin-german to great Priam's seed.
Shak.
2. A title formerly given by a king to a nobleman,
particularly to those of the council. In English writs, etc.,
issued by the crown, it signifies any earl.
My noble lords and cousins, all, good morrow.
Shak.
Cous"in, n. Allied; akin.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cous"in*age (-?j), n. [F.
cousinage, OF., also, cosinage. Cf.
Cosinage, Cozenage.] Relationship;
kinship. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Cous"in-ger"man (-j?r"man),
n. [Cousin + german closely
akin.] A first cousin. See Note under Cousin,
1.
Cous"in*hood (-h??d), n. The
state or condition of a cousin; also, the collective body of
cousins; kinsfolk.
Cous"in*ly, a. Like or becoming a
cousin.
Cous"in*ry (k?z"'n-r?), n. A
body or collection of cousins; the whole number of persons who
stand in the relation of cousins to a given person or
persons.
Cous"in*ship, n. The relationship of
cousins; state of being cousins; cousinhood.
G. Eliot.
Cous"si*net` (k??s"s?-n?t`), n.
[F., dim. of coussin cushion. See
Cushionet.] (Arch.) (a) A
stone placed on the impost of a pier for receiving the first
stone of an arch. (b) That part of the Ionic
capital between the abacus and quarter round, which forms the
volute.
Gwilt.
Cou*teau" (k??-t?"), n.
[F.] A knife; a dagger.
Couth (k??th), imp. & p. p. of
Can. [See Can, and cf.
Uncouth.] Could; was able; knew or known;
understood. [Obs.]
Above all other one Daniel
He loveth, for he couth well
Divine, that none other couth;
To him were all thing couth,
As he had it of God's grace.
Gower.
\'d8Cou`vade" (k??`v?d"), n.
[F., fr. couver. See Covey.]
A custom, among certain barbarous tribes, that when a woman
gives birth to a child her husband takes to his bed, as if
ill.
The world-wide custom of the couvade, where at
childbirth the husband undergoes medical treatment, in many cases
being put to bed for days.
Tylor.
Co*va"ri*ant (k?-v?"r?-a]/>nt), n.
(Higher Alg.) A function involving the
coefficients and the variables of a quantic, and such that when
the quantic is lineally transformed the same function of the new
variables and coefficients shall be equal to the old function
multiplied by a factor. An invariant is a like function involving
only the coefficients of the quantic.
Cove (k?v), n. [AS.
cofa room; akin to G. koben pigsty, orig.,
hut, Icel kofi hut, and perh. to E.
cobalt.]
1. A retired nook; especially, a small, sheltered
inlet, creek, or bay; a recess in the shore.
Vessels which were in readiness for him within secret
coves and nooks.
Holland.
2. A strip of prairie extending into woodland;
also, a recess in the side of a mountain.
[U.S.]
3. (Arch.) (a) A concave
molding. (b) A member, whose section is a
concave curve, used especially with regard to an inner roof or
ceiling, as around a skylight.
Cove, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coved (k?vd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coving.] (Arch.) To
arch over; to build in a hollow concave form; to make in the form
of a cove.
The mosques and other buildings of the Arabians are rounded
into domes and coved roofs.
H. Swinburne.
Coved ceiling, a ceiling, the part of which
next the wail is constructed in a cove. -- Coved
vault, a vault composed of four coves meeting in a
central point, and therefore the reverse of a groined
vault.
Cove, v. t. [CF. F. couver,
It. covare. See Covey.] To brood,
cover, over, or sit over, as birds their eggs.
[Obs.]
Not being able to cove or sit upon them [eggs], she
[the female tortoise] bestoweth them in the gravel.
Holland.
Cove, n. [A gypsy word, covo
that man, covi that woman.] A boy or man of
any age or station. [Slang]
There's a gentry cove here.
Wit's Recreations (1654).
Now, look to it, coves, that all the beef and drink
Be not filched from us.
Mrs. Browning.
{ Co*vel"line (k?-v?l"l?n),
Co*vel"lite } (-l?t), n.
[After Covelli, the discoverer.]
(Min.) A native sulphide of copper, occuring in
masses of a dark blue color; -- hence called indigo
copper.
Cov"e*na*ble (k?v"?-n?-b'l), a.
[OF. covenable, F. convenable. See
Covenant.] Fit; proper; suitable.
[Obs.] \'bdA covenable day.\'b8
Wyclif (Mark vi. 21).
<-- p. 336 -->
Cov"e*na*bly (k?v"?-n?-bly), adv.
Fitly; suitably. [Obs.] \'bdWell and
covenably.\'b8
Chaucer.
Cov"e*nant (k?v"?-nant), n.
[OF. covenant, fr. F. & OF. convenir
to agree, L. convenire. See Convene.]
1. A mutual agreement of two or more persons or
parties, or one of the stipulations in such an agreement.
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant.
1 Sam. xviiii. 3.
Let there be covenants drawn between us.
Shak.
If we conclude a peace,
It shall be with such strict and severe covenants
As little shall the Frenchmen gain thereby.
Shak.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) An agreement made by
the Scottish Parliament in 1638, and by the English Parliament in
1643, to preserve the reformed religion in Scotland, and to
extirpate popery and prelacy; -- usually called the \'bdSolemn
League and Covenant.\'b8
He [Wharton] was born in the days of the Covenant,
and was the heir of a covenanted house.
Macualay.
3. (Theol.) The promises of God as
revealed in the Scriptures, conditioned on certain terms on the
part of man, as obedience, repentance, faith, etc.
I will establish my covenant between me and thee
and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting
covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after
thee.
Gen. xvii. 7.
4. A solemn compact between members of a church to
maintain its faith, discipline, etc.
5. (Law) (a) An undertaking, on
sufficient consideration, in writing and under seal, to do or to
refrain from some act or thing; a contract; a stipulation; also,
the document or writing containing the terms of agreement.
(b) A form of action for the violation of a promise
or contract under seal.
Syn. -- Agreement; contract; compact; bargain; arrangement;
stipulation. -- Covenant,
Contract, Compact, Stipulation. These
words all denote a mutual agreement between two parties.
Covenant is frequently used in a religious sense; as,
the covenant of works or of grace; a church
covenant; the Solemn League and Covenant.
Contract is the word most used in the business of
life. Crabb and Taylor are wrong in saying that a
contract must always be in writing. There are oral and
implied contracts as well as written ones, and these
are equally enforced by law. In legal usage, the word
covenant has an important place as connected with
contracts. A compact is only a stronger and more
solemn contract. The term is chiefly applied to political
alliances. Thus, the old Confederation was a compact
between the States. Under the present Federal Constitution, no
individual State can, without consent of Congress, enter into a
compact with any other State or foreign power. A
stipulation is one of the articles or provisions of a
contract.
Cov"e*nant (k?v"?-n?nt), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Covenanted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Covenanting.] To
agree (with); to enter into a formal agreement; to bind one's
self by contract; to make a stipulation.
Jupiter covenanted with him, that it should be hot
or cold, wet or dry, . . . as the tenant should direct.
L'Estrange.
And they covenanted with him for thyrty pieces of
silver.
Matt. xxvi. 15.
Syn. -- To agree; contract; bargain; stipulate.
Cov"e*nant, v. t. To grant or promise by
covenant.
My covenant of peace that I covenanted with
you.
Wyclif.
Cov`e*nan*tee" (k?v`?-nan-t?"),
n. (Law) The person in whose favor a
covenant is made.
Cov"e*nant*er (k?v"?-n?nt-?r), n.
1. One who makes a covenant.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) One who subscribed and
defended the \'bdSolemn League and Covenant.\'b8 See
Covenant.
Cov"e*nant*ing, a. Belonging to a
covenant. Specifically, belonging to the Scotch
Covenanters.
Be they covenanting traitors,
Or the brood of false Argyle?
Aytoun.
Cov"e*nant*or` (-?r`), n.
(Law) The party who makes a covenant.
Burrill.
Cov"e*nous (k?v"?-n?s), a. See
Covinous, and Covin.
Cov"ent (k?v"ent), n.
[OF. covent, F. couvent. See
Convent.] A convent or monastery.
[Obs.]
Bale.
Covent Garden, a large square in London, so
called because originally it was the garden of a
monastery.
Cov"en*try (k?v"en-tr?), n.
A town in the county of Warwick, England.
To send to Coventry, to exclude from society;
to shut out from social intercourse, as for ungentlemanly
conduct. -- Coventry blue, blue thread of a
superior dye, made at Coventry, England, and used for
embroidery.
Cov"er (k?v"?r), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Covered
(-?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Covering.] [OF. covrir, F.
couvrir, fr. L. cooperire; co- +
operire to cover; probably fr. ob towards, over
+ the root appearing in aperire to open. Cf.
Aperient, Overt, Curfew.]
1. To overspread the surface of (one thing) with
another; as, to cover wood with paint or lacquer; to
cover a table with a cloth.
2. To envelop; to clothe, as with a mantle or
cloak.
And with the majesty of darkness round
Covers his throune.
Milton.
All that beauty than doth cover thee.
Shak.
3. To invest (one's self with
something); to bring upon (one's self); as, he
covered himself with glory.
The powers that covered themselves with everlasting
infamy by the partition of Poland.
Brougham.
4. To hide sight; to conceal; to cloak; as, the
snemy were covered from our sight by the
woods.
A cloud covered the mount.
Exod. xxiv. 15.
In vain shou striv'st to cover shame with
shame.
Milton.
5. To brood or sit on; to incubate.
While the hen is covering her eggs, the male . . .
diverts her with his songs.
Addison.
6. To overwhelm; to spread over.
The waters returned and covered the chariots and
the horsemen.
Ex. xiv. 28.
7. To shelter, as from evil or danger; to protect;
to defend; as, the cavalry covered the
retreat.
His calm and blameless life
Does with substantial blessedness abound,
And the soft wings of peace cover him round.
Cowley.
8. To remove from remembrance; to put away; to
remit.\'bdBlessed is he whose is covered.\'b8
Ps. xxxii. 1.
9. To extend over; to be sufficient for; to
comprehend, include, or embrace; to account for or solve; to
counterbalance; as, a mortgage which fully covers a
sum loaned on it; a law which covers all possible cases
of a crime; receipts than do not cover
expenses.
10. To put the usual covering or headdress
on.
Cover thy head . . . ; nay, prithee, be
covered.
Shak.
11. To copulate with (a female); to serve; as. a
horse covers a mare; -- said of the male.
To cover ground distance, to
pass over; as, the rider covered the ground in an
hour. -- To cover one's short contracts (Stock
Exchange), to buy stock when the market rises, as a
dealer who has sold short does in order to protect himself.
-- Covering party (Mil.), a detachment
of troops sent for the protection of another detachment, as of
men working in the trenches. -- To cover into,
to transfer to; as, to cover into the
treasury.
Syn. -- To shelter; screen; shield; hide; overspread.
Cov"er (k?v"?r), n. 1.
Anything which is laid, set, or spread, upon, about, or
over, another thing; an envelope; a lid; as, the
cover of a book.
2. Anything which weils or conceals; a screen;
disguise; a cloack. \'bdUnder cover of the
night.\'b8
Macualay.
A hendsome cover for imperfections.
Collier.
3. Shelter; protection; as, the troops fought
under cover of the batteries; the woods afforded a good
cover.
Being compelled to lodge in the field . . . whilst his army
was under cover, they might be forced to retire.
Clarendon.
4. (Huntig) The woods, underbrush, etc.,
which shelter and conceal game; covert; as, to beat a
cover; to ride to cover.
5. That portion of a slate, tile, or shingle, which is
hidden by the overlap of the course above.
Knight.
6. (Steam Engine) The lap of a slide
valve.
7. [Cf. F. couvert.] A
tablecloth, and the other table furniture; esp., the table
furniture for the use of one person at a meal; as,
covers were laid for fifty guests.
To break cover, to start from a covert or
lair; -- said of game. -- Under cover, in an
envelope, or within a letter; -- said of a written
message.
Letters . . . dispatched under cover to her
ladyship.
Thackeray.
Cov"er, v. i. To spread a table for a
meal; to prepare a banquet. [Obs.]
Shak.
Cov"er*chief (ch?f), n. [See
Kerchef.] A covering for the head.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cov"er*cle (k?v"?r-k'l), n.
[OF. covercle, F. couvercle, fr. L.
co\'94perculum fr. co\'94perire. See
cover] A small cover; a lid.
[>Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cov"ered (k?v"?rd), a. Under
cover; screened; sheltered; not exposed; hidden.
Covered way (Fort.), a corridor or
banquette along the top of the counterscarp and covered by an
embankment whose slope forms the glacis. It gives the garrisonn
an open line of communication around the works, and a standing
place beyond the ditch. See Illust. of
Ravelin.
Cov"er*er (-?r), n. One who, or
that which, covers.
Cov"er*ing, n. Anything which covers or
conceals, as a roof, a screen, a wrapper, clothing, etc.
Noah removed the covering of the ark.
Gen. viii. 13.
They cause the naked to lodge without clothing, that they have
no covering in the cold.
Job. xxiv. 7.
A covering over the well's mouth.
2 Sam. xvii. 19.
Cov"er*let (k?v"?r-l?t), n. [F.
couvre-lit; couvrir to cover +
lit bed, fr. L. lectus bed. See
Cover.] The uppermost cover of a bed or of
any piece of furniture.
Lay her in lilies and in violets . . .
And odored sheets and arras coverlets.
Spenser.
Cov"er*lid (-l?d), n. A
coverlet.
All the coverlid was clocth of gold.
Tennyson.
Cov"er-point` (-point!), n. The
fielder in the games of cricket and lacrosse who supports
\'bdpoint.\'b8
Co*versed" sine (k?-v?rst" s?n`).
[Co- (=co- in co- sine) +
versed sine.] (Geom.) The versed
sine of the complement of an arc or angle. See Illust.
of Functions.
Cov"er-shame` (-sh?m`), n.
Something used to conceal infamy. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Cov"ert (k?v"?rt), a. [OF.
covert, F. couvert, p. p. of
couvrir. See Cover, v. t.]
1. Covered over; private; hid; secret;
disguised.
How covert matters may be best disclosed.
Shak.
Whether of open war or covert guile.
Milton
2. Sheltered; not open or exposed; retired;
protected; as, a covert nook.
Wordsworth.
Of either side the green, to plant a covert
alley.
Bacon.
3. (Law) Under cover, authority or
protection; as, a feme covert, a married woman who
is considered as being under the protection and control of her
husband.
Covert way, (Fort.) See
Covered way, under Covered.
Syn. -- Hidden; secret; private; covered; disguised;
insidious; concealed. See Hidden.
Cov"ert, n. [OF. See Covert,
a.] 1. A place that covers and
protects; a shelter; a defense.
A tabernacle . . . for a covert from storm.
Is. iv. 6.
The highwayman has darted from his covered by the
wayside.
Prescott.
2. [Cf. F. couverte.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the special feathers covering
the bases of the quills of the wings and tail of a bird. See
Illust. of Bird.
Cov"ert bar`on (b?r`?n). (Law)
Under the protection of a husband; married.
Burrill.
Cov"ert*ly, adv. Secretly; in private;
insidiously.
Cov"ert*ness (k?v"?rt-n?s), n.
Secrecy; privacy. [R.]
Cov"er*ture (k?v"?r-t?r; 135), n.
[OF. coverture,F.couverture.]
1. Covering; shelter; defence; hiding.
Protected by walls or other like coverture.
Woodward.
Beatrice, who even now
Is couched in the woodbine coverture.
Shak.
2. (Law) The condition of a woman during
marriage, because she is considered under the cover, influence,
power, and protection of her husband, and therefore called a
feme covert, or femme couverte.
Cov"et (k?v"?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Covered; p. pr.
& vb. n. Coveting.] [OF.
coveitier, covoitier, F.
convoiter, from a derivative fr. L. cupere
to desire; cf. Skr. kup to become excited. Cf.
Cupidity.]
1. To wish for with eagerness; to desire possession
of; -- used in a good sen
Covet earnestly the best gifts.
1. Cor. xxii. 31.
If it be a sin to covet honor,
I am the most offending soul alive.
Shak.
2. To long for inordinately or unlawfully; to
hanker after (something forbidden).
Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house.
Ex. xx. 17.
yn. -- To long for; desire; hanker after;
crave.
Cov"et, v. i. To have or indulge
inordinate desire.
Which [money] while some coveted after, they have
erred from the faith.
1 Tim. vi. 10.
Cov"et*a*ble (k?v"?t-?-b'l), a.
That may be coveted; desirable.
Cov"et*er (-?r), n. One who
covets.
Cov"et*ise (-?s), n. [OF.
coveitise, F. convoitise. See
Covet, v. t. ] Avarice.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Cov"et*ive*ness (-?v-), n.
(Phren.) Acquisitiveness.
Cov"et*ous (k?v"?t-?s), a. [OF.
coveitos, F. convoiteux. See
Covet, v. t.] 1. Very
desirous; eager to obtain; -- used in a good sense.
[Archaic]
Covetous of wisdom and fair virtue.
Shak.
Covetous death bereaved us all,
To aggrandize one funeral.
Emerson.
2. Inordinately desirous; excessively eager to
obtain and possess (esp. money); avaricious; -- in a bad
sense.
The covetous person lives as if the world were
madealtogether for him, and not he for the world.
South.
Syn. -- Avaricious; parsimonious; penurious; misrely;
niggardly. See Avaricious.
Cov"et*ous*ly, adv. In a covetous
manner.
Cov"et*ous*ness, n. 1. Strong
desire. [R.]
When workmen strive to do better than well,
They do confound their skill in covetousness.
Shak.
2. A strong or inordinate desire of obtaining and
possessing some supposed good; excessive desire for riches or
money; -- in a bad sense.
Covetousness, by a greed of getting more, deprivess
itself of the true end of getting.
Sprat.
Syn. -- Avarice; cupidity; eagerness.
Cov"ey (k?v"?), n. [OF.
cov, F. couv, fr.
cover, F. couver, to sit or brood on, fr.
L. cubare to lie down; cf. E. incubate.
See Cubit, and cf. Cove to brood.]
1. A brood or hatch of birds; an old bird with her
brood of young; hence, a small flock or number of birds together;
-- said of game; as, a covey of
partridges.
Darwin.
2. A company; a bevy; as, a covey of
girls.
Addison.
Cov"ey, v. i. To brood; to
incubate. [Obs.]
[Tortoises] covey a whole year before they
hatch.
Holland.
Cov"ey, n. A pantry. [Prov.
Eng.]
Parker.
Cov"in (k?v"?n), n. [OF.
covine, covaine, fr. covenir to
agree. See Covenant.] 1. (Law)
A collusive agreement between two or more persons to
prejudice a third.
2. Deceit; fraud; artifice.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cov"in*ous (k?v"?n-?s), a.
(Law) Deceitful; collusive; fraudulent;
dishonest.
Cow (kou), n. [See
Cowl a hood.] A chimney cap; a cowl
Cow, n.; pl. Cows (kouz); old
pl. Kine (k. [OE.
cu, cou, AS. c; akin to D.
koe, G. kuh, OHG. kuo, Icel.
k, Dan. & Sw. ko, L. bos
ox, cow, Gr. g. Beef, Bovine, Bucolic,
Butter, Nylghau.]
1. The mature female of bovine
animals.
2. The female of certain large mammals, as whales,
seals, etc.
Cow, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cowed (koud);; p. pr. & vb.
n. Cowing.] [Cf. Icel.
kuga, Sw. kufva to check, subdue, Dan.
kue. Cf. Cuff, v. t.]
To depress with fear; to daunt the spirits or courage of; to
overawe.
To vanquish a people already cowed.
Shak.
THe French king was cowed.
J. R. Green.
Cow, n. [Prob. from same root as
cow, v.t.] (Mining) A wedge, or
brake, to check the motion of a machine or car; a chock.
Knight.
Cow"age (kou1?j), n.
(Bot.) See Cowhage.
Cow"an (kou"an), n.
[Cf. OF. couillon a coward, a cullion.]
One who works as a mason without having served a regular
apprenticeship. [Scot.] Among
Freemasons, it is a cant term for pretender,
interloper.
Cow"ard (kou"?rd), a. [OF.
couard, coard, coart,
n. and adj., F. couard, fr. OF.
coe, coue, tail, F. queue (fr.
L. coda, a form of cauda tail) +
-ard; orig., short-tailed, as an epithet of the hare,
or perh., turning tail, like a scared dog. Cf. Cue,
Queue, Caudal.] 1.
(Her.) Borne in the escutcheon with his tail
doubled between his legs; -- said of a lion.
2. Destitute of courage; timid; cowardly.
Fie, coward woman, and soft-hearted wretch.
Shak.
3. Belonging to a coward; proceeding from, or
expressive of, base fear or timidity.
He raised the house with loud and coward cries.
Shak.
Invading fears repel my coward joy.
Proir.
Cow"ard, n. A person who lacks courage;
a timid or pusillanimous person; a poltroon.
A fool is nauseous, but a coward worse.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Craven; poltroon; dastard.
Cow"ard, v. t. To make timoroys; to
frighten. [Obs.]
That which cowardeth a man's heart.
Foxe.
Cow"ard*ice (-?s), n. [F.
couardise, fr. couard. See
Coward.] Want of courage to face danger;
extreme timidity; pusillanimity; base fear of danger or hurt;
lack of spirit.
The cowardice of doing wrong.
Milton.
Moderation was despised as cowardice.
Macualay.
<-- p. 337 -->
Cow"ard*ie (kou"?rd-?), n. [OF.
couardie.] Cowardice.
[Obs.]
Cow"ard*ish, a. Cowardly.
[Obs.] \'bd A base and a cowardish
mind.\'b8
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Cow"ard*ize (-, v. t. To
render cowardly. [Obs.]
God . . . cowardizeth . . . insolent spirits.
Bp. Hall.
Cow"ard*li*ness (-l?-n?s), n.
Cowardice.
Cow"ard*ly, a. 1. Wanting
courage; basely or weakly timid or fearful; pusillanimous;
spiritless.
The cowardly rascals that ran from the battle.
Shak.
2. Proceeding from fear of danger or other
consequences; befitting a coward; dastardly; base; as,
cowardly malignity.
Macualay.
The cowardly rashness of those who dare not look
danger in the face.
Burke.
Syn. -- Timid; fearful; timorous; dastardly; pusillanimous;
recreant; craven; faint-hearted; chicken-hearted;
white-livered.
Cow"ard*ly, adv. In the manner of a
coward.
Spenser.
Cow"ard*ship, n. Cowardice.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Cow"bane` (kou"b?n`), n.
(Bot.) A poisonous umbelliferous plant; in
England, the Cicuta virosa; in the United States, the
Cicuta maculata and the Archemora rigida.
See Water hemlock.
Cow"ber`ry (-b?r`r?), n.; pl.
Cowberries (-r. (Bot.) A
species of Vaccinium (V. Vitis-id), which
bears acid red berries which are sometimes used in cookery; --
locally called mountain cranberry.
Cow"bird` (-b?rd`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The cow blackbird (Molothrus
ater), an American starling. Like the European cuckoo, it
builds no nest, but lays its eggs in the nests of other birds; --
so called because frequently associated with cattle.
Cow"blakes` (-bl?ks`), n. pl.
Dried cow dung used as fuel.[Prov. Eng.]
Simmonds.
Cow"boy` (-boi`), n. 1.
A cattle herder; a drover; specifically, one of an
adventurous class of herders and drovers on the plains of the
Western and Southwestern United States.
2. One of the marauders who, in the Revolutionary
War infested the neutral ground between the American and British
lines, and committed depredations on the Americans.
Cow"catxj`er (-k?ch`?r), n. A
strong inclined frame, usually of wrought-iron bars, in front of
a locomotive engine, for catching or throwing off obstructions on
a railway, as cattle; the pilot. [U.S.]
Cow"die (kou"d?), n.
(Bot.) See Kauri.
Cow"er (-?r), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cowered
(-?rd);p. pr. & vb. n.
Cowering.] [Cf. Icel. kera
to doze, liequiet, Sw. kura, Dan. kure, G.
kauern to cower, W. cwrian.] To
stoop by bending the knees; to crouch; to squat; hence, to quail;
to sink through fear.
Our dame sits cowering o'er a kitchen fire.
Dryden.
Like falcons, cowering on the nest.
Goldsmith.
Cow"er (kou"?r), v. t. To
cherish with care. [Obs.]
Cow"fish` (-f?ch`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The grampus.
(b) A California dolphin (Tursiops
Gillii). (c) A marine plectognath fish
(Ostracoin quadricorne, and allied species), having
two projections, like horns, in front; -- called also
cuckold, coffer fish,
trunkfish.
Cow"hage (kou"h?j), n. [Cf.
Hind. kaw, ko.]
(Bot.) A leguminous climbing plant of the genus
Mucuna, having crooked pods covered with sharp hairs,
which stick to the fingers, causing intolerable itching. The
spicul\'91 are sometimes used in medicine as a mechanical
vermifuge. [Written also couhage,
cowage, and cowitch.]
Cow"heart`ed (-h?rt`?d), a.
Cowardly.
The Lady Powis . . . patted him with her fan, and called him a
cowhearted fellow.
R. North.
Cow"herd` (-h?rd`), n. [AS.
c; c cow + hyrde a
herder.] One whose occupation is to tend cows.
Cow"hide` (-h?d`), n. 1.
The hide of a cow.
2. Leather made of the hide of a cow.
3. A coarse whip made of untanned leather.
Cow"hide`, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cowhided; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cowhiding.] To flog with a
cowhide.
Cow"ish (kou"?sh), a. [From
Cow, v. t.] Timorous; fearful;
cowardly. [R.]
Shak.
Cow"ish, n. (Bot.) An
umbelliferous plant (Peucedanum Cous) with edible
tuberous roots, found in Oregon. [Written also
cous.]
Cow"itch (kou"?ch; 224), n.
(Bot.) See Cowhage.
Cowl (koul), n. [AS\'3e
cuhle, cugle, cugele; cf. dial.
G. kogel, gugel, OF. coule,
goule; all fr. LL. cuculla,
cucullus, fr. L. cucullus cap, hood; perh.
akin to celare to conceal, cella cell. Cf.
Cucullate.] 1. A monk's hood; --
usually attached to the gown. The nname was also applied to the
hood and garment together.
What differ more, you cry, than crown and cowl?
Pope.
2. A cowl-shaped cap, commonly turning with the
wind, used to improve the draft of a chimney, ventilatingshaft,
etc.
3. A wire cap for the smokestack of a
locomotive.
Cowl, n. [Cf. OF. cuvele,
cuvel, dim. of F. cuve tub, vat, fr. L.
cupa. See Cup.] A vessel carried
on a pole between two persons, for conveyance of water.
Johnson.
Cowled (kould), a. Wearing a
cowl; hooded; as, a cowled monk. \'bdThat
cowled churchman.\'b8
Emerson.
Cow"leech` (kou"l?ch`), n. [2d
cow + leech a physician.] One who heals
disease of cows; a cow doctor.
Cow"leech`ing, n. Healing the distemper
of cows.
Cow"lick` (-l?k`), n. A tuft of
hair turned up or awry (usually over the forehead), as if licked
by a cow.
Cow"like` (-l?k`), a.
Resembling a cow.
With cowlike udders and with oxlike eyes.
Pope.
Cowl"staff` (koul"st?f`), n.
[Cowl a vessel + staff.] A
staff or pole on which a vessel is supported between two
persons.
Suckling.
Co`work"er (k?`w?rk"?r), n. One
who works with another; a co
Cow" pars`ley (kou` p?rs`l?). (Bot.)
An umbelliferous plant of the genus
Ch\'91rophyllum (C. temulum and C.
sylvestre).
Cow" pars`nip (-n?p). (Bot.) A
coarse umbelliferous weed of the genus Heracleum
(H. sphondylium in England, and H. lanatum
in America).
Cow"pea` (-p?`), n. The seed of
one or more leguminous plants of the genus Dolichos;
also, the plant itself. Many varieties are cultivated in the
southern part of the United States.
Cow"per's glands` (kou"p?rz gl?ndz`).
[After the discoverer, William Cowper, an English
surgeon.] (Anat.) Two small glands
discharging into the male urethra.
Cow"-pi`lot (kou1p?`l?t)/pr>, n.
(Zo\'94l.) A handsomely banded, coral-reef fish,
of Florida and the West Indies (Pomacentrus
saxatilis); -- called also
mojarra.
Cow"pock` (-p?k`), n.See
Cowpox.
Dunglison.
Cow"pox` (--p?ks`), n.
(Med.) A pustular eruptive disease of the cow,
which, when communicated to the human system, as by vaccination,
protects from the smallpox; vaccinia; -- called also
kinepox, cowpock, and
kinepock.
Dunglison.
Cow"quake` (-kw?k`), n.
(Bot.) A genus of plants (Briza);
quaking grass.
Cow"rie (-r?), n. (Bot.)
Same as Kauri.
{ Cow"rie Cow"ry } (kou"r?),
n.; pl. Cowries
(-r. [Hind. kaur.]
(Zo\'94l.) A marine shell of the genus
Cypr\'91a.
C. moneta and several other species were
largely used as money in Africa and some other countries, and
they are still so used to some extent. The value is always
trifling, and varies at different places.
Cow"slip` (-sl?p`), n. [AS.
c, c, prob. orig., cow's
droppings. Cf. Slop, n.]
(Bot.) 1. A common flower in England
(Primula veris) having yellow blossoms and appearing
in early spring. It is often cultivated in the United
States.
2. In the United States, the marsh marigold
(Caltha palustris), appearing in wet places in early
spring and often used as a pot herb. It is nearer to a buttercup
than to a true cowslip. See Illust. of Marsh
marigold.
American cowslip (Bot.), a pretty
flower of the West (Dodecatheon Meadia), belonging to
the same order (Primulace\'91) with the English
cowslip. -- French cowslip (Bot.),
bear's-ear (Primula Auricula).
Cow"slipped` (-sl?pt`), a.
Adorned with cowslips. \'bdCowslipped
lawns.\'b8
Keats.
Cow's" lung"wort` (kouz" l?ng"w?rt`).
Mullein.
Cow" tree` (kou" tr?`). [Cf. SP.
palo de vaca.] (Bot.) A tree
(Galactodendron utile or Brosimum
Galactodendron) of South America, which yields, on
incision, a nourishing fluid, resembling milk.
Cow"weed" (-wEd`),, n.
(Bot.) Same as Cow parsley.
Cow"wheat` (-hw?t`), n.
(Bot.) A weed of the genus Melampyrum,
with black seeds, found on European wheatfields.
Cox (k?ks), n. [OE.
cokes. Cf. Coax.] A coxcomb; a
simpleton; a gull. [Obs.]
Go; you're a brainless cox, a toy, a fop.
Beau. & Fl.
\'d8Coxx"a (k?ks"?), n. [L.,
the hip.] (Zo\'94l.) The first joint of the
leg of an insect or crustacean.
{ \'d8Cox*al"gi*a (-?l"j?-?),
Cox"al`gy (k?ks"?l`j?), } n.
[NL. coxalgia, fr. L. coxa hip. + Gr.
coxalgie.]
(Med.) Pain in the hip.
Cox"comb` (k?ks"k?m`), n. [A
corrupted spelling of cock's comb.] 1.
(a) A strip of red cloth notched like the comb of a
cock, which licensed jesters formerly wore in their caps.
(b) The cap itself.
2. The top of the head, or the head itself.
We will belabor you a little better,
And beat a little more care into your coxcombs.
Beau & Fl.
3. A vain, showy fellow; a conceited, silly man,
fond of display; a superficial pretender to knowledge or
accomplishments; a fop.
Fond to be seen, she kept a bevy
Of powdered coxcombs at her levee.
Goldsmith.
Some are bewildered in the maze of schools,
And some made coxcombs, nature meant but fools.
Pope.
4. (Bot.) A name given to several plants
of different genera, but particularly to Celosia
cristata, or garden cockscomb. Same as
Cockscomb.
Cox*comb"ic*al (k?ks-k?m"?-kal),
a. Befitting or indicating a coxcomb; like a
coxcomb; foppish; conceited. --
Cox*comb"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Studded all over in coxcombical fashion with little
brass nails.
W. Irving.
Cox"comb"ly (k?ks"k?m`l?), a.
like a coxcomb. [Obs.] \'bdYou
coxcombly ass, you!\'b8
Beau & Fl.
Cox"comb`ry (-r?), n. The
manners of a coxcomb; foppishness.
Cox*com"ic*al (k?ks-k?m"?-kal),
a. Coxcombical. [R.]
Cox*com"ic*al*ly, adv.
Conceitedly. [R.]
Cox"swain` (k?k"sw?n, Colloq.
k?k"s'n), n. See Cockswain.
Coy (koi), a. [OE.
coi quiet, still, OF. coi,
coit, fr.L. quietus quiet, p. p. of
quiescere to rest, quie rest; prob. akin to
E. while. See While, and cf. Quiet,
Quit, Quite.] 1. Quiet;
still. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Shrinking from approach or familiarity;
reserved; bashful; shy; modest; -- usually applied to women,
sometimes with an implication of coquetry.
Coy, and difficult to win.
Cowper.
Coy and furtive graces.
W. Irving.
Nor the coy maid, half willings to be pressed,
Shall kiss the cup, to pass it to the rest.
Goldsmith.
3. Soft; gentle; hesitating.
Enforced hate,
Instead of love's coy touch, shall rudely tear
thee.
Shak.
Syn. -- Shy; shriking; reserved; modest; bashful; backward;
distant.
Coy, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coyed (koid); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coying.] 1. To
allure; to entice; to decoy. [Obs.]
A wiser generation, who have the art to coy the
fonder sort into their nets.
Bp. Rainbow.
2. To caress with the hand; to stroke.
Come sit thee down upon this flowery bed,
While I thy amiable cheeks do coy.
Shak.
Coy, v. i. 1. To behave with
reserve or coyness; to shrink from approach or familiarity.
[Obs.]
Thus to coy it,
With one who knows you too!
Rowe.
2. To make difficulty; to be unwilling.
[Obs.]
If he coyed
To hear Cominius speak, I 'll keep at home.
Shak.
Coy"ish, a. Somewhat coy or
reserved.
Warner.
Coy"ly, adv. In a coy manner; with
reserve.
Coy"ness, n. The quality of being coy;
feigned o
When the kind nymph would coyness feign,
And hides but to be found again.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Reserve; shrinking; shyness; backwardness; modesty;
bashfulness.
Coy"o*te (k?"?-t? , n.
[Spanish Amer., fr. Mexican coyotl.]
(Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous animal (Canis
latrans), allied to the dog, found in the western part of
North America; -- called also prairie wolf.
Its voice is a snapping bark, followed by a prolonged, shrill
howl.
\'d8Coy"pu (koi"p??), n.
[Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South
American rodent (Myopotamus coypus), allied to the
beaver. It produces a valuable fur called nutria.
[Written also coypou.]
Coys"trel (kois"tr?l), n. Same
as Coistril.
Coz (k?z), n. A contraction of
cousin.
Shak.
Coz"en (k?z"'n), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cozened
(-'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Cozening
(-'n-?ng). ] [From cousin,
hence, literally, to deceive through pretext of relationship, F.
cousiner.] To cheat; to defrand; to
beguile; to deceive, usually by small arts, or in a pitiful
way.
He had cozened the world by fine phrases.
Macualay.
Children may be cozened into a knowledge of the
letters.
Locke.
Goring loved no man so well but that he would cozen
him,
and expose him to public mirth for having been cozened.
Clarendon.
Cow"en, v. i. To deceive; to cheat; to
act deceitfully.
Some cogging,cozening slave.
Shak.
Coz"en*age (-?j), n. [See
Cozen, and cf. Cousinage.] The art
or practice of cozening; artifice; fraud.
Shak.
Coz"en*er (k?z"'n-?r), n. One
who cheats or defrauds.
Co*zier (k?"zh?r), n. See
Cosier.
Co"zi*ly (k?"z?-l?), adv.
Snugly; comfortably.
Co"zi*ness, n. The state or quality of
being cozy.
Co"zy (k?"z?), a.
[Compar. Cozier (-z?-?r);
superl. Coziest.] [Cf. Scot.
cosie, cozie, prob. from Gael.
cosach abounding in hollows, or cosagach
full of holes or crevices, snug, sheltered, from cos a
hollow, a crevice.]
1. Snug; comfortable; easy; contented.
[Written also cosey and
cosy.]
2. [Cf. F. causer to chat, talk.]
Chatty; talkative; sociable; familiar.
[Eng.]
Co"zy, n. [See
Cozy,a.] A wadded covering for a
teakettle or other vessel to keep the contents hot.
<-- p. 338 -->
Crab (kr?b), n. [AS.
crabba; akin to D. krab, G.
krabbe, krebs, Icel. krabbi, Sw.
krabba, Dan. krabbe, and perh. to E.
cramp. Cf. Crawfish.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the brachyuran Crustacea. They
are mostly marine, and usually have a broad, short body, covered
with a strong shell or carapace. The abdomen is small and curled
up beneath the body.
crabs. Formerly, it
was sometimes applied to Crustacea in general. Many species are
edible, the blue crab of the Atlantic coast being one of the most
esteemed. The large European edible crab is Cancer
padurus. Soft-shelled crabs are blue crabs that
have recently cast their shells. See Cancer; also,
Box crab, Fiddler crab, Hermit
crab, Spider crab, etc., under Box,
Fiddler. etc.
2. The zodiacal constellation Cancer.
3. [See Crab, a.]
(Bot.) A crab apple; -- so named from its harsh
taste.
When roasted crabs hiss in the bowl,
Then nightly sings the staring owl.
Shak.
4. A cudgel made of the wood of the crab tree; a
crabstick. [Obs.]
Garrick.
5. (Mech.) (a) A movable winch
or windlass with powerful gearing, used with derricks, etc.
(b) A form of windlass, or geared capstan, for
hauling ships into dock, etc. (c) A machine
used in ropewalks to stretch the yarn. (d) A
claw for anchoring a portable machine.
Calling crab. (Zo\'94l.) See
Fiddler., n., 2. -- Crab
apple, a small, sour apple, of several kinds; also, the
tree which bears it; as, the European crab apple
(Pyrus Malus var.sylvestris); the Siberian
crab apple (Pyrus baccata); and the
American (Pyrus coronaria). -- Crab
grass. (Bot.) (a) A grass
(Digitaria, ); -- called
also finger grass. (b) A
grass of the genus Eleusine (E. Indica); --
called also dog's-tail grass, wire
grass, etc. -- Crab louse
(Zo\'94l.), a species of louse (Phthirius
pubis), sometimes infesting the human body. --
Crab plover (Zo\'94l.), an Asiatic
plover (Dromas ardeola). -- Crab's
eyes, Crab's stones, masses of
calcareous matter found, at certain seasons of the year, on
either side of the stomach of the European crawfishes, and
formerly used in medicine for absorbent and antacid purposes; the
gastroliths. -- Crab spider
(Zo\'94l.), one of a group of spiders
(Laterigrad\'91); -- called because they can run
backwards or sideways like a crab. -- Crab tree,
the tree that bears crab applies. -- Crab
wood, a light cabinet wood obtained in Guiana, which
takes a high polish. McElrath. -- To catch a
crab (Naut.), a phrase used of a rower:
(a) when he fails to raise his oar clear of the
water; (b) when he misses the water altogether
in making a stroke.
Crab (kr?b), v. t. 1.
To make sour or morose; to embitter.
[Obs.]
Sickness sours or crabs our nature.
Glanvill.
2. To beat with a crabstick.
[Obs.]
J. Fletcher.
Crab, v. i. (Naut.)To drift
sidewise or to leeward, as a vessel.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Crab, a. [Prob. from the same root as
crab, n.] Sour; rough;
austere.
The crab vintage of the neighb'ring coast.
Dryden.
Crab"bed (kr?b"b?d), a. [See
Crab,n.] 1. Characterized
by or manifesting, sourness, peevishness, or moroseness; harsh;
cross; cynical; -- applied to feelings, disposition, or
manners.
Crabbed age and youth can not live together.
Shak.
2. Characterized by harshness or roughness;
unpleasant; -- applied to things; as, a crabbed
taste.
3. Obscure; difficult; perplexing; trying; as,
a crabbed author. \'bdCrabbed
eloquence.\'b8
Chaucer.
How charming is divine philosophy!
Not harsh and crabbed, as dull fools suppose.
Milton.
4. Cramped; irregular; as, crabbed
handwriting.
-- Crab"bed*ly, adv. --
Crab"bed*ness, n.
Crab"ber (kr?b"b?r), n. One who
catches crabs.
Crab"bing, n. 1. The act or art
of catching crabs.
2. (Falconry) The foghting of hawks with
each other.
3. (Woolem Manuf.) A process of scouring
clocth be
Crab"bish (kr?b"b?sh), a.
Somewhat sour or cross.
The wips of the most crabbish Satyristes.
Decker.
Crab"by (-b?), a. Crabbed;
difficult, or perplexing. \'bdPersius is crabby,
because ancient.\'b8
Marston.
Crab"eat`er (kr?b"?t`?r), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The cobia.
(b) An etheostomoid fish of the southern United
States (Hadropterus nigrofasciatus).
(c) A small European heron (Ardea
minuta, and other allied species).
Cra"ber (kr?"b?r), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The water rat.
Walton.
Crab"faced` (kr?b"f?st`), a.
Having a sour, disagreeable countenance.
Beau & Fl.
Crab"si`dle (-s?`d'l), v. i. To
move sidewise, as a crab. [Jocular].
Southey.
Crab"stick` (-st?k`), n. A
stick, cane, or cudgel, made of the wood of the carb tree.
Crab" tree (tr?`). See under
Crab.
Crab"-yaws` (kr?b"y?z`), n.
(Med.) A disease in the West Indies. It is a kind
of ulcer on the soles of the feet, with very hard edges. See
Yaws.
Dunglison.
Crache (kr?ch), v. To
scratch. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Crack (kr?k), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cracked
(kr?kt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cracking.] [OE. cracken,
craken, to crack, break, boast, AS.
cracian, cearcian, to crack; akin to D.
kraken, G. krachen; cf. Skr.
garj to rattle, or perh. of imitative origin. Cf.
Crake, Cracknel, Creak.]
1. To break or burst, with or without entire
separation of the parts; as, to crack glass; to
crack nuts.
2. To rend with grief or pain; to affect deeply
with sorrow; hence, to disorder; to distract; to craze.
O, madam, my old hear is cracked.
Shak.
He thought none poets till their brains were
cracked.
Roscommon.
3. To cause to sound suddenly and sharply; to snap;
as, to crack a whip.
4. To utter smartly and sententiously; as, to
crack a joke.
B. Jonson.
5. To cry up; to extol; -- followed by
up. [Low]
To crack a bottle, to open the bottle and
drink its contents. -- To crack a crib, to
commit burglary. [Slang] -- To crack
on, to put on; as, to crack on more sail, or
more steam. [Colloq.]
Crack, v. i. 1. To burst or
open in chinks; to break, with or without quite separating into
parts.
By misfortune it cracked in the coling.
Boyle.
The mirror cracked from side to side.
Tennyson.
2. To be ruined or impaired; to fail.
[Collog.]
The credit . . . of exchequers cracks, when little
comes in and much goes out.
Dryden.
3. To utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound.
As thunder when the clouds in autumn crack.
Shak.
4. To utter vain, pompous words; to brag; to boast;
-- with of. [Archaic.]
Ethoipes of their sweet complexion crack.
Shak.
Crack, n. 1. A partial
separation of parts, with or without a perceptible opening; a
chink or fissure; a narrow breach; a crevice; as, a
crack in timber, or in a wall, or in glass.
2. Ropture; flaw; breach, in a moral sense.
My love to thee is sound, sans crack or flaw.
Shak.
3. A sharp, sudden sound or report; the sound of
anything suddenly burst or broken; as, the crack of
a falling house; the crack of thunder; the
crack of a whip.
Will the stretch out to the crack of doom?
Shak.
4. The tone of voice when changed at puberty.
Though now our voices
Have got the mannish crack.
Shak.
5. Mental flaw; a touch of craziness; partial
insanity; as, he has a crack.
6. A crazy or crack-brained person.
[Obs.]
I . . . can not get the Parliament to listen to me, who look
upon me as a crack and a projector.
Addison.
7. A boast; boasting. [Obs.]
\'bdCrack and brags.\'b8 Burton.
\'bdVainglorius cracks.\'b8 Spenser.
8. Breach of chastity. [Obs.]
Shak.
9. A boy, generally a pert, lively boy.
[Obs.]
Val. 'Tis a noble child. Vir. A
crack, madam.
Shak.
10. A brief time; an instant; as, to be with
one in a crack. [Eng. & Scot.
Colloq.]
11. Free conversation; friendly chat.
[Scot.]
What is crack in English? . . . Acrack .
. . a chat with a good, kindly human heart in it.
P. P. Alexander.
Crack, a. Of superior excellence; having
qualities to be boasted of. [Colloq.]
One of our crack speakers in the Commons.
Dickens.
Crack"-brained` (-br?nd`), a.
Having an impaired intellect; whimsical; crazy.
Pope.
Cracked (kr?kt), a. 1.
Coarsely ground or broken; as, cracked
wheat.
2. Crack-brained. [Colloq.]
Crack"er (kr?k"?r), n. 1.
One who, or that which, cracks.
2. A noisy boaster; a swaggering fellow.
[Obs.]
What cracker is this same that deafs our ears?
Shak.
3. A small firework, consisting of a little powder
inclossed in a thick paper cylinder with a fuse, and exploding
with a sharp noise; -- often called firecracker.
4. A thin, dry biscuit, often hard or crisp;
as, a Boston cracker; a Graham cracker; a
soda cracker; an oyster cracker.
5. A nickname to designate a poor white in some
parts of the Southern United States.
Bartlett.
6. (Zo\'94l.) The pintail duck.
7. pl. (Mach.) A pair of
fluted rolls for grinding caoutchouc.
Knight.
Crac"kle (kr?k"k'l), v. i.
[Dim. of crack.] To make slight
cracks; to make small, sharp, sudden noises, rapidly or
frequently repeated; to crepitate; as, burning thorns
crackle.
The unknown ice that crackles underneath them.
Dryden.
Crac"kle, n. 1. The noise of
slight and frequent cracks or reports; a crackling.
The crackle of fireworks.
Carlyle.
2. (Med.) A kind of crackling sound or
ras,
dry crackle; moist crackle.
Quain.
3. (Fine Arts) A condition produced in
certain porcelain, fine earthenware, or glass, in which the glaze
or enamel appears to be cracked in all directions, making a sort
of reticulated surface; as, Chinese crackle;
Bohemian crackle.
Crac"kled (-k'ld), a. (Fine
Arts) Covered with minute cracks in the glaze; -- said
of some kinds of porcelain and fine earthenware.
Crac"kle*ware` (-w?r`), n. See
Crackle, n., 3.
Crac"kling (kr?k"kl?ng), n.
1. The making of small, sharp cracks or reports,
frequently repeated.
As the crackling of thorns under a pot, so is the
laughter of the fool.
Eccl. vii. 6.
2. The well-browned, crisp rind of roasted
pork.
For the first time in his life he tested
crackling.
Lamb.
3. pl. Food for dogs, made from the
refuse of tallow melting.
Crack"nel (kr?k"n?l), n. [F.
craquelin, fr. D. krakeling, fr.
krakken to crack. See Crack, v.
t.] A hard brittle cake or biscuit.
Spenser.
Cracks"man (kr?ks"man), n.,
pl. Cracksmen (-men).
A burglar. [Slang]
Cra*co"vi*an (kr?-k?"v?-an),
a. Of or pertaining to Cracow in Poland.
\'d8Cra*co`vi*enne" (kr?-k?`v?-?n"),
n. [F., fr. Cracow, the city.]
(Mus.) A lively Polish dance, in 2-4 time.
Cra"cowes (kr?"k?z), n. pl.
Long-toed boots or shoes formerly worn in many parts of
Europe; -- so called from Cracow, in Poland, where
they were first worn in the fourteenth century.
Fairholt.
Cra"dle (kr?d'l), n. [AS.
cradel, cradol, prob. from Celtic; cf.
Gael. creathall, Ir. craidhal, W.
cryd a shaking or rocking, a cradle; perh. akin to E.
crate.] 1. A bed or cot for a
baby, oscillating on rockers or swinginng on pivots; hence, the
place of origin, or in which anything is nurtured or protected in
the earlier period of existence; as, a cradle of
crime; the cradle of liberty.
The cradle that received thee at thy birth.
Cowper.
No sooner was I crept out of my cradle
But I was made a king, at nine months old.
Shak.
2. Infancy, or very early life.
From their cradles bred together.
Shak.
A form of worship in which they had been educated from their
cradles.
Clarendon.
3. (Agric.) An implement consisting of a
broad scythe for cutting grain, with a set of long fingers
parallel to the scythe, designed to receive the grain, and to lay
it eventlyin a swath.
4. (Engraving) A tool used in mezzotint
engraving, which, by a rocking motion, raises burrs on the
surface of the plate, so preparing the ground.
5. A framework of timbers, or iron bars, moving
upon ways or rollers, used to support, lift, or carry ships or
other vessels, heavy guns, etc., as up an inclined plane, or
across a strip of land, or in launching a ship.
6. (Med.) (a) A case for a
broken or dislocated limb. (b) A frame to
keep the bedclothes from conntact with the person.
7. (Mining) (a) A machine on
rockers, used in washing out auriferous earth; -- also called a
rocker. [U.S.] (b)
A suspended scaffold used in shafts.
8. (Carp.) The ribbing for vaulted
ceilings and arches intended to be covered with plaster.
Knight.
9. (Naut.) The basket or apparatus in
which, when a line has been made fast to a wrecked ship from the
shore, the people are brought off from the wreck.
Cat's cradle. See under Cat. --
Cradle hole, a sunken place in a road, caused by
thawing, or by travel over a soft spot. -- Cradle
scythe, a broad scythe used in a cradle for cutting
grain.
Cra"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cradled (-d'ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cradling (-dl?ng).]
1. To lay to rest, or rock, as in a cradle; to lull
or quiet, as by rocking.
It cradles their fears to sleep.
D. A. Clark.
2. To nurse or train in infancy.
He that hath been cradled in majesty will not leave
the throne to play with beggars.
Glanvill.
3. To cut and lay with a cradle, as grain.
4. To transport a vessel by means of a
cradle.
In Lombardy . . . boats are cradled and transported
over the grade.
Knight.
To cradle a picture, to put ribs across the
back of a picture, to prevent the panels from warping.
Cra"dle, v. i. To lie or lodge, as in a
cradle.
Withered roots and husks wherein the acorn
cradled.
Shak.
Cra"dling (-dl?ng), n. 1.
The act of using a cradle.
2. (Coopering) Cutting a cask into two
pieces lengthwise, to enable it to pass a narrow place, the two
parts being afterward united and rehooped.
3. (Carp.) The framework in arched or
coved ceilings to which the laths are nailed.
Knight.
Craft (kr?ft), n. [AS.
cr strength, skill, art, cunning; akin to OS.,
G., Sw., & Dan. kraft strength, D. kracht,
Icel. kraptr; perh. originally, a drawing together,
stretching, from the root of E. cramp.]
1. Strength; might; secret power.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Art or skill; dexterity in particular manual
employment; hence, the occupation or employment itself; manual
art; a trade.
Ye know that by this craft we have our wealth.
Acts xix. 25.
A poem is the work of the poet; poesy is his skill or
craft of making.
B. Jonson.
Since the birth of time, throughout all ages and nations,
Has the craft of the smith been held in repute.
Longfellow.
3. Those engaged in any trade, taken collectively;
a guild; as, the craft of ironmongers.
The control of trade passed from the merchant guilds to the
new craft guilds.
J. R. Green.
4. Cunning, art, or skill, in a bad sense, or
applied to bad purposes; artifice; guile; skill or dexterity
employed to effect purposes by deceit or shrewd devices.
You have that crooked wisdom which is called
craft.
Hobbes.
The chief priets and the scribes sought how they might take
him by craft, and put him to death.
Mark xiv. 1.
5. (Naut.) A vessel; vessels of any
kind; -- generally used in a collective sense.
The evolutions of the numerous tiny craft moving
over the lake.
Prof. Wilson.
Small crafts, small vessels, as sloops,
schooners, ets.
Craft, v.t. To play tricks; to practice
artifice. [Obs.]
You have crafted fair.
Shak.
Craft"i*ly (-?-l?), adv. [See
Crafty.] With craft; artfully;
cunningly.
<-- p. 339 -->
Craft"i*ness (kr?ft"?-n?s), n.
Dexterity in devising and effecting a purpose; cunning;
artifice; stratagem.
He taketh the wise in their own craftiness.
Job. v. 13.
Craft"less (-l?s), a. Without
craft or cunning.
Helpless, craftless, and innocent people.
Jer. Taylor.
Crafts"man (kr?fts"man),
n.; pl. Craftsmen
(-men). One skilled in some trade or
manual occupation; an artificer; a mechanic.
Crafts"man*ship, n. The work of a
craftsman.
Crafts"mas`ter (-m?s`t?r), n.
One skilled in his craft or trade; one of superior
cunning.
In cunning persuasion his craftsmaster.
Holland.
Craft"y (kr?ft"?), a. [AS.
cr.] 1. Relating to, or
characterized by, craft or skill; dexterous.
[Obs.] \'bdCrafty work.\'b8
Piers Plowman.
2. Possessing dexterity; skilled; skillful.
A noble crafty man of trees.
Wyclif.
3. Skillful at deceiving others; characterized by
craft; cunning; wily. \'bdA pair of crafty
knaves.\'b8
Shak.
With anxious care and crafty wiles.
J. Baillie.
Syn. -- Skillful; dexterous; cunning; artful; wily; Cunning.
Crag (kr?g), n. [W.
craig; akin to Gael. creag, Corn.
karak, Armor. karrek.] 1.
A steep, rugged rock; a cough, broken cliff, or point of a
rock, on a ledge.
From crag to crag the signal fiew.
Sir W. Scott.
2. (Geol.) A partially compacted bed of
gravel mixed with shells, of the Tertiary age.
Crag, n. [A form of craw: cf.
D. kraag neck, collar, G. kragen. See
Craw.] 1. The neck or throat
[Obs.]
And bear the crag so stiff and so state.
Spenser.
2. The neck piece or scrag of mutton.
Johnson.
Crag"ged (-g?d), a. Full of
crags, or steep, broken
Into its cragged rents descend.
J. Baillie.
Crad"ged*ness, n. The quality or state
of being cragged; cragginess.
Crag"gi*ness (-g?-n?s), n. The
state of being craggy.
Crag"gy (kr?g"g?), a. Full of
crags; rugged with projecting points of rocks; as, the
craggy side of a mountain. \'bdThe
craggy ledge.\'b8
Tennyson.
Crags"man (kr?gz"man), n.;
pl. Cragsmen (-men).
One accustomed to climb rocks or crags; esp., one who makes
a business of climbing the cliffs overhanging the sea to get the
eggs of sea birds or the birds themselves.
Craie (kr?), n. See
Crare. [Obs.]
Craig" floun`der (kr?g" floun`d?r). [Scot.
craig a rock. See 1st Crag.]
(Zo\'94l.) The pole flounder.
Crail (kr?l),, n. [See
Creel.] A creel or osier basket.
Crake (kr?k), v. t. & i. [See
Crack.] 1. To cry out harshly and
loudly, like the bird called crake.
2. To boast; to speak loudly and boastfully.
[Obs.]
Each man may crake of that which was his own.
Mir. for Mag.
Crake, n. A boast. See Crack,
n. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Crake, n. [Cf. Icel. kr
crow, kr raven, Sw. kr, Dan.
krage; perh. of imitative origin. Cf.
Crow.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species or
rail of the genera Crex and Porzana; -- so called from
its singular cry. See Corncrake.
Crake"ber`ry (-b?r`r?), n.
(Bot.) See Crowberry.
Crak"er (kr?k"?r), n. One who
boasts; a braggart. [Obs.]
Old Play.
Cram (kr?m), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Crammed
(kr?md); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cramming.] [AS. crammian to
cram; akin to Icel. kremia to squeeze, bruise, Sw.
krama to press. Cf. Cramp.] 1.
To press, force, or drive, particularly in filling, or in
thrustung one thing into another; to stuff; to crowd; to fill to
superfluity; as, to cram anything into a basket; to
cram a room with people.
Their storehouses crammed with grain.
Shak.
He will cram his brass down our throats.
Swift.
2. To fill with food to satiety; to stuff.
Children would be freer from disease if they were not
crammed so much as they are by fond mothers.
Locke.
Cram us with praise, and make us
As fat as tame things.
Shak.
3. To put hastily through an extensive course of
memorizing or study, as in preparation for an examination;
as, a pupil is crammed by his tutor.
Cram, v. i. 1. To eat greedly,
and to satiety; to stuff.
Gluttony . . . .
Cr, and blasphemes his feeder.
Milton.
2. To make crude preparation for a special
occasion, as an examination, by a hasty and extensive course of
memorizing or study. [Colloq.]
Cram, n. 1. The act of
cramming.
2. Innformation hastily memorized; as. a
cram from an examination. [Colloq.]
3. (Weaving) A warp having more than two
threads passing through each dent or split of the reed.
Cram"be (-b?), n. [Cf.
Cramp, a., difficult.] 1.
A game in which one person gives a word, to which another
finds a rhyme.
I saw in one corner . . . a cluster of men and women,diverting
themselves with a game at crambo. I heard several
double rhymes . . . which raised a great deal of mirth.
Addison.
2. A werd rhyming with another word.
His similes in order set
And every crambo he could get.
Swift.
Dumb crambo, a game in which one party of
players give a word which rhymes with another, which last to be
guessed by the opposing party, who represent in dumb show what
they think it to be.
Cram"mer (kr?m"m?r), n. One who
crams; esp., one who prepares a pupil hastily for an
exxamination, or a pupil who is thus prepared.
Dickens.
{ Cra*moi"sie Cra*moi"sy}
(kr?-moi"z?), a. [F.
cramoisi crimson. See Crimson.]
Crimson. [Obs.]
A splendid seignior, magnificent in cramoisy
velevet.
Motley.
Cramp (kr?mp), n. [OE.
crampe, craumpe; akin to D. & Sw.
kramp, Dan. krampe, G. krampf
(whence F. crampe), Icel. krappr strait,
narrow, and to E. crimp, crumple; cf.
cram. See Grape.] 1. That
which confines or contracts; a restraint; a shakle; a
hindrance.
A narrow fortune is a cramp to a great mind.
L'Estrange.
Crippling his pleasures with the cramp of fear.
Cowper.
2. (Masonry) A device, usually of iron
bent at the ends, used to hold together blocks of stone, timbers,
etc.; a cramp iron.
3. (Carp.) A rectangular frame, with a
tightening screw, used for compressing the jionts of framework,
etc.
4. A piece of wood having a curve corresponding to
that of the upper part of the instep, on which the upper leather
of a boot is stretched to give it the requisite shape.
5. (Med.) A spasmodic and painful
involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscles, as of the
leg.
The cramp, divers nights, gripeth him in his
legs.
Sir T. More.
Cramp bone, the patella of a sheep; --
formerly used as a charm for the cramp. Halliwell.
\'bdHe could turn cramp bones into chess men.\'b8
Dickens. -- Cramp ring, a ring
formerly supposed to have virtue in averting or curing cramp, as
having been consecrated by one of the kings of England on Good
Friday.
Cramp, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cramped (krp. pr. & vb.
n. Cramping.] 1. To
compress; to restrain from free action; to confine and contract;
to hinder.
The mind my be as much cramped by too much
knowledge as by ignorance.
Layard.
2. To fasten or hold with, or as with, a
cramp.
3. Hence, to bind together; to unite.
The . . . fabric of universal justic is well
cramped and bolted together in all its parts.
Burke.
4. To form on a cramp; as, to cramp
boot legs.
5. To afflict with cramp.
When the gout cramps my joints.
Ford.
To cramp the wheels of wagon, to turn the
front wheels out of line with the hind wheels, so that one of
them shall be against the body of the wagon.
Cramp, a. [See Cramp,
n.] Knotty; difficult. [R.]
Care being taken not to add any of the cramp
reasons for this opinion.
Coleridge.
Cram"pet (kr?m"p?t), n. [See
Cramp,n.] (Mil.) A
cramp iron or cramp ring; a chape, as of a scabbard.
[Written also crampit and
crampette.]
Cramp"fish` (kr?mp"f?sh`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The torpedo, or electric ray, the
touch of which gives an electric shock. See Electric
fish, and Torpedo.
Cramp" i`ron (?`rn). See Cramp,
n., 2.
Cram"pit (kr?m"p?t), n.
(Mil.) See Crampet.
\'d8Cram"pon (kr?m"p?n), n. [F.
See Crampoons.] (Bot.) An a
Cram`po*nee" (kr?m`p?-n?"), a.
[F. cramponn. See Crampoons.]
(Her.) Having a cramp or square piece at the end;
-- said of a cross so furnished.
Cram*poons" (kr?m-p??nz"), n. pl.
[F. crampon, fr. OHG. chramph
crooked; akin to G. krampf cramp. See
Cramp,n., and cf. Crampon.]
1. A clutch formed of hooked pieces of iron, like
double calipers, for raising stones, lumber, blocks of ice,
etc.
2. Iron insruments with sharp points, worn on the
shoes to assist in gaining or keeping a foothold.
Cramp"y (kr?mp"?), 1. Affected
with cramp.
2. Productive of, or abounding in, cramps.
\'bdThis crampy country.\'b8
Howitt.
{ Cran (kr?n), Crane
(kr?n) }, n. [Scot., fr. Gael.
crann.] A measure for fresh herrings, -- as
many as will fill a barrel. [Scot.]
H. Miller.
Cran"age (kr?n"?j), n. [See
Crane.] 1. The liberty of using a
crane, as for loading and unloading vessels.
2. The money or price paid for the use of a
crane.
Cran"ber*ry (kr?n"b?r-r?), n.;
pl. Cranberries (-r [So named
from its fruit being ripe in the spring when the
cranes return. Dr. Prior.]
(Bot.) A red, acid berry, much used for making
sauce, etc.; also, the plant producing it (several species of
Vaccinum or Oxycoccus.) The high
cranberry or cranberry tree is a species of
Viburnum (V. Opulus), and the other is
sometimes called low cranberry or marsh
cranberry to distinguish it.
Cranch (kr?nch), v. t. See
Craunch.
Crane (kr?n), n. [AS.
cran; akin to D. & LG. craan, G.
kranich, krahn (this in sense 2), Gr.
grus, W. & Armor.
garan, OSlav. zerav, Lith.
gerve, Icel. trani, Sw. trana,
Dan. trane. Geranium.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A wading bird of the genus
Grus, and allied genera, of various species, having a
long, straight bill, and long legs and neck.
Grus
cinerea. The sand-hill crane (G. Mexicana) and
the whooping crane (G. Americana) are large American
species. The Balearic or crowned crane is Balearica
pavonina. The name is sometimes erroneously applied to the
herons and cormorants.
2. A machine for raising and lowering heavy
weights, and, while holding them suspended, transporting them
through a limited lateral distance. In one form it consists of a
projecting arm or jib of timber or iron, a rotating post or base,
and the necessary tackle, windlass, etc.; -- so called from a
fancied similarity between its arm and the neck of a crane See
Illust. Of Derrick.
3. An iron arm with horizontal motion, attached to
the side or back of a fireplace, for supporting kettles, etc.,
over a fire.
4. A siphon, or bent pipe, for drawing liquors out
of a cask.
5. (Naut.) A forked post or projecting
bracket to support spars, etc., -- generally used in pairs. See
Crotch, 2.
Crane fly (Zo\'94l.), a dipterous
insect with long legs, of the genus Tipula. --
Derrick crane. See Derrick. --
Gigantic crane. (Zo\'94l.) See
Adjutant, n., 3. -- Traveling
crane, Traveler crane, Traversing
crane (Mach.), a crane mounted on wheels;
esp., an overhead crane consisting of a crab or other hoisting
apparatus traveling on rails or beams fixed overhead, as in a
machine shop or foundry. -- Water crane, a
kind of hydrant with a long swinging spout, for filling
locomotive tenders, water carts, etc., with water.
Crane (kr?n), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Craned
(kr?nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Craning.] 1. To cause to rise;
to raise or lift, as by a crane; -- with up.
[R.]
What engines, what instruments are used in craning
up a soul, sunk below the center, to the highest heavens.
Bates.
An upstart craned up to the height he has.
Massinger.
2. To stretch, as a crane stretches its neck;
as, to crane the neck disdainfully.
G. Eliot.
crane, v. i. to reach forward with head
and neck, in order to see better; as, a hunter
cranes forward before taking a leap.
Beaconsfield. Thackeray.
The passengers eagerly craning forward over the
bulwarks.
Howells.
Crane's"-bill` (kr?nz"b?l`), n.
1. (Bot.) The geranium; -- so named from
the long axis of the fruit, which resembles the beak of a
crane.
Dr. Prior.
2. (Surg.) A pair of long-beaked
forceps.
Crang (kr?ng), n. See
Krang.
\'d8Cra"ni*a (kr?"n?-?), n.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of living
Brachiopoda; -- so called from its fancied resemblance to the
cranium or skull.
Cra"ni*al (kr?"n?-a]/>l), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the cranium.
Cra"ni*o*clasm (kr?"n?-?-kl?z'm), n.
[Cranium + Gr.
(Med.) The crushing of a child's head, as with
the cranioclast or craniotomy forceps in cases of very difficult
delivery.
Dunglison.
Cra"ni*o*clast (-kl?st), n.
(Med.) An instrument for crushing the head of a
fetus, to facilitate delivery in difficult eases.
Cra`ni*o*fa"cial (-f?"shal),
a. Of or pertaining to the cranium and face;
as, the craniofacial angle.
Cra`ni*og"no*my (-?g"n?-m?), n.
[Cranium + Gr. The science of the form and characteristics of
the skull. [R.]
Cra`ni*o*log"ic*al (-?-l?j"?-kal),
a. Of or pertaining to craniology.
Cra`ni*ol"o*gist (-?l"?-j?st), n.
One proficient in craniology; a phrenologist.
Cra`ni*ol"o*gy (-j?), n.
[Cranium + -logy.] The
department of science (as of ethnology or arch\'91ology) which
deals with the shape, size, proportions, indications, etc., of
skulls; the study of skulls.
Cra`ni*om"e*ter (kr?`n?-?m"?-t?r),
n. [Cranium +
-meter.] An instrument for measuring the
size of skulls.
{ Cra`ni*o*met"ric (-?-m?t"r?k),
Cra`ni*o*met"ric*al (-r?-kal), }
a. Pertaining to craniometry.
Cra`ni*om"e*try (kr?`n?-?m"?-tr?),
n. The art or act of measuring skulls.
Cra`ni*os"co*pist (kr?`n?-?s"k?-p?st),
n. One skilled in, or who practices,
cranioscopy.
It was found of equal dimension in a literary man whose skull
puzzied the cranioscopists.
Coleridge.
Cra`ni*os"co*py (-p?), n.
[Cranium + -scopy.]
Scientific examination of the cranium.
\'d8Cra`ni*o"ta (kr?`n?-?t?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. cranium.] (Zo\'94l.)
A comprehensive division of the Vertebrata, including all
those that have a skull.
Cra`ni*ot"o*my (kr?`n?-?t"?-m?), n.
[Cranium + Gr.
(Med.) The operation of opening the fetal head,
in order to effect delivery.
Cra"ni*um (kr?"n?-?m), n.; pl.
E. Craniums (-Crania
(-. [NL., fr. Gr. The skull of an animal; especially,
that part of the skull, either cartilaginous or bony, which
immediately incloses the brain; the brain case or brainpan. See
Skull.
Crank (kr?nk), n. [OE.
cranke; akin to E. cringe,
cringle, crinkle, and to crank,
a., the root meaning, probably, \'bdto turn,
twist.\'b8 See Cringe.] 1.
(Mach.) A bent portion of an axle, or shaft, or
an arm keyed at right angles to the end of a shaft, by which
motion is imparted to or received from it; also used to change
circular into reciprocating motion, or reciprocating into
circular motion. See Bell crank.
2. Any bend, turn, or winding, as of a
passage.
So many turning cranks these have, so many
crooks.
Spenser.
<-- p. 340 -->
3. A twist or turn in speech; a conceit consisting
in a change of the form or meaning of a word.
Quips, and cranks, and wanton wiles.
Milton.
4. A twist or turn of the mind; caprice; whim;
crotchet; also, a fit of temper or passion. [Prov.
Eng.]
Violent of temper; subject to sudden cranks.
Carlyle.
5. A person full of crotchets; one given to
fantastic or impracticable projects; one whose judgment is
perverted in respect to a particular matter.
[Colloq.]
6. A sick person; an invalid.
[Obs.]
Thou art a counterfeit crank, a cheater.
Burton.
Crank axle (Mach.), a driving axle
formed with a crank or cranks, as in some kinds of
locomotives. -- Crank pin (Mach.),
the cylindrical piece which forms the handle, or to which the
connecting rod is attached, at the end of a crank, or between the
arms of a double crank. -- Crank shaft, a
shaft bent into a crank, or having a crank fastened to it, by
which it drives or is driven. -- Crank wheel,
a wheel acting as a crank, or having a wrist to which a
connecting rod is attached.
Crank (kr?nk), a. [AS.
cranc weak; akin to Icel. krangr, D. & G.
krank sick, weak (cf.D. krengen to careen).
Cf. Crank, n.] 1. Sick;
infirm. [Prov. Eng.]
2. (Naut.) Liable to careen or be
overest, as a ship when she is too narrow, or has not sufficient
ballast, or is loaded too high, to carry full sail.
3. Full of spirit; brisk; lively; sprightly;
overconfident; opinionated.
He who was, a little before, bedrid, . . . was now
crank and lusty.
Udall.
If you strong electioners did not think you were among the
elect, you would not be so crank about it.
Mrs. Stowe.
Crank, v. i. [See Crank,
n. ] To run with a winding course; to
double; to crook; to wind and turn.
See how this river comes me cranking in.
Shak.
Crank"bird` (-b?rd`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small European woodpecker
(Picus minor).
Cranked (kr?nkt), a. Formed
with, or having, a bend or crank; as, a cranked
axle.
Crank"i*ness (kr?nk"?-n?s), n.
Crankness.
Lowell.
Cran"kle (kr?n"k'l), v. t. [Cf.
Crinkle.] To break into bends, turns, or
angles; to crinkle.
Old Veg's stream . . . drew her humid train aslope,
Crankling her banks.
J. Philips.
Cran"kle, v. i. To bend, turn, or
wind.
Along the crankling path.
Drayton.
Cran"kle, n. A bend or turn; a twist; a
crinkle.
Crank"ness (kr?nk"n?s), n.
1. (Naut.) Liability to be overset; --
said of a ship or other vessel.
2. Sprightliness; vigor; health.
Crank"y (-?), a. 1.
Full of spirit; crank.
2. Addicted to crotchets and whims; unreasonable in
opinions; crotchety. [Colloq.]
3. Unsteady; easy to upset; crank.
Cran"nied (kr?n"n?d), a. Having
crannies, chinks, or fissures; as, a crannied
wall.
Tennyson.
{ Cran"nog (kr?n"n?g), Cran"noge
(kr?n"n?j) }, n. [From Celtic; cf.
Gael. crann a tree.] One of the stockaded
islands in Scotland and Ireland which in ancient times were
numerous in the lakes of both countries. They may be regarded as
the very latest class of prehistoric strongholds, reaching their
greatest development in early historic times, and surviving
through the Middle Ages. See also Lake dwellings,
under Lake.
Encyc. Brit.
Cran"ny (kr?n"n?), n.; pl.
Crannies (-n. [F.
cran notch, prob. from L. crena (a doubful
word).] 1. A small, narrow opening, fissure,
crevice, or chink, as in a wall, or other substance.
In a firm building, the cavities ought not to be filled with
rubbish, but with brick or stone fitted to the
crannies.
Dryden.
He peeped into every cranny.
Arbuthnot.
2. (Glass Making) A tool for forming the
necks of bottles, etc.
Cran"ny, v. i. [imp & p.
p. Crannied (-n?d); p. pr. & vb.
n. Crannying.] 1. To
crack into, or become full of, crannies. [R.]
The ground did cranny everywhere.
Golding.
2. To haunt, or enter by, crannies.
All tenantless, save to the cranning wind.
Byron.
Cran"ny, a. [Perh. for
cranky. See Crank, a. ]
Quick; giddy; thoughtless. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Cran*ta"ra (kr?n-t?"r? ,
n. [Gael. cranntara.] The
fiery cross, used as a rallying signal in the Highlands of
Scotland.
Crants (kr?nts), n. [Cf. D.
krans, G. kranz.] A garland
carried before the bier of a maiden. [Obs.]
Yet here she is allowed her virgin crants,
Her maaiden strewments.
Shak.
Crap"au*dine (kr?p"?-d?n), a.
[F., n.] (Arch.) Turning on
pivots at the top and bottom; -- said of a door.
Crap"au*dine, n. [F.]
(Far.) An ulcer on the coronet of a horse.
Bailey.
Crape (kr?p), n. [F.
cr, fr. L. crispus curled, crisped.
See Crisp.] A thin, crimped stuff, made of
raw silk gummed and twisted on the mill. Black crape is much used
for mourning garments, also for the dress of some
clergymen.
A saint in crape is twice a saint in lawn.
Pope.
Crape myrtle (Bot.), a very
ornamental shrub (Lagerstr\'94mia Indica) from the
East Indies, often planted in the Southern United States. Its
foliage is like that of the myrtle, and the flower has wavy
crisped petals. -- Oriental crape. See
Canton crape.
Crape, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Craped (kr?pt); p. pr. &
vb.n. Craping.] [F.
cr, fr. L. crispare to curl, crisp,
fr. crispus. See Crape, n.]
To form into ringlets; to curl; to crimp; to friz; as,
to crape the hair; to crape silk.
The hour for curling and craping the hair.
Mad. D'Arblay.
Crape"fish` (kr?p"f?sh`), n.
Salted codfish hardened by pressure.
Kane.
Crap"nel (kr?p"nel), n.
A hook or drag; a grapnel.
Crap"pie (kr?p"p?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of fresh-water bass of the
genus Pomoxys, found in the rivers of the Southern
United States and Mississippi valley. There are several
species. [Written also croppie.]
Crap"ple (kr?p"p'l), n. [See
Graple.] A claw. [Obs.]
Craps (kr?ps), n. A gambling
game with dice. [Local, U.S.]
{ \'d8Crap"u*la (kr?p"?-l?),
Crap"ule (kr?p"?l), } n.
[L. crapula intoxication.] Same as
Crapulence.
Crap"u*lence (-?-lens), n.
The sickness occasioned by intemperance; surfeit.
Bailey.
{ Crap"u*lent (-lent),
Crap"u*lous (-l?s), } a.
[L. crapulentus, crapulosus: cf. F.
crapuleux.] Surcharged with liquor; sick
from excessive indulgence in liquor; drunk; given to
excesses. [R.]
Crap"y (kr?p"?), a. Resembling
crape.
Crare (kr?r), n. [OF.
craier, creer, croyer, ship of
war, LL. craiera, creyera, perh. from G.
krieger warrior, or D. krijger.]
A slow unwieldy trading vessel. [Obs.]
[Written also crayer, cray, and
craie.]
Shak.
Crase (kr?z), v. t. [See
Craze.] To break in pieces; to crack.
[Obs.] \'bdThe pot was crased.\'b8
Chaucer.
Crash (kr), v. t.
[imp & p. p. Crashed
(kr; p. pr & vb. n.
Crashing.] [OE. crashen, the
same word as crasen to break, E. craze.
See Craze.] To break in pieces violently; to
dash together with noise and violence. [R.]
He shakt his head, and crasht his teeth for
ire.
Fairfax.
Crash, v. i. 1. To make a loud,
clattering sound, as of many things falling and breaking at once;
to break in pieces with a harsh noise.
Roofs were blazing and walls crashing in every part
of the city.
Macualay.
2. To break with violence and noise; as, the
chimney in falling crashed through the roof.
Crash, n. 1. A loud, sudden,
confused sound, as of manu things falling and breaking at
once.
The wreck of matter and the crash of worlds.
Addison.
2. Ruin; failure; sudden breaking down, as of a
business house or a commercial enterprise.
Crash, n. [L. crassus coarse.
See Crass.] Coarse, heavy, narrow linen
cloth, used esp. for towels.
Crash"ing, n. The noise of many things
falling and breaking at once.
There shall be . . . a great crashing from the
hills.
Zeph. i. 10.
Cra"sis (kr?"s?s), n. [LL.,
temperament, fr. Gr. 1. (Med.) A mixture of
constituents, as of the blood; constitution; temperament.
2. (Gram.) A contraction of two vowels
(as the final and initial vowels of united words) into one long
vowel, or into a dipthong; syn\'91resis; as, cogo
for coago.
\'d8Cras`pe*do"ta (kr?s`p?-d?"t?), n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The hydroid or
naked-eyed medus\'91. See Hydroidea.
Cras"pe*dote (kr?s"p?-d?t), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Craspedota.
Crass (kr?s), a. [L.
crassus thick, fat, gross, prob. orig., closely woven
See Crease animal fat, and cf. Crate,
Hurdle.] Cross; thick; dense; coarse; not
elaborated or refined. \'bdCrass and fumid
exhalations.\'b8 Sir. T. Browne.
\'bdCrass ignorance\'b8 Cudworth.
{ Cras"sa*ment (kr?s"s?-ment),
\'d8Cras`sa*men"tum (-m?n"t?m), }
n. [L. crassamentum, fr.
crassare to make thick. See Crass,
a.] A semisolid mass or clot, especially
that formed in coagulation of the blood.
Cras"si*ment (kr?s"s?-ment),
n. See Crassament.
Cras"si*tude (-t?d), n. [L.
crassitudo.] Crossness; coarseness;
thickness; density.
Bacon.
Crass"ness (kr?s"n?s), n.
Grossness. [Obs.]
Glanvill.
Cras`ti*na"tion (kr?s`t?-n?"sh?n),
n. [L. crastinus of to-morrow, from
cras to-morrow.] Procrastination; a putting
off till to-morrow. [Obs.]
\'d8Cra*t\'91"gus (kr?-t?"g?s), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A
genus of small, hardy trees, including the hawthorn, much used
for ornamental purposes.
Cratch (kr?ch; 224), n. [OE.
crache, creche, F. cr
crib, manger, fr. OHG. krippa, krippea,G.
krippe crib. See Crib.] A manger
or open frame for hay; a crib; a rack. [Obs.]
Begin from first where He encradled was,
In simple cratch, wrapt in a wad of hay.
Spenser.
Cratch cradle, a representation of the figure
of the cratch, made upon the fingers with a string; cat's cradle;
-- called also scratch cradle.
Crate (kr?t), n. [L.
cratis hurdle; perh. akin to E. cradle.
See Hurdle, and cf. Crate a framework.]
1. A large basket or hamper of wickerwork, used for
the transportation of china, crockery, and similar wares.
2. A box or case whose sides are of wooden slats
with interspaces, -- used especially for transporting
fruit.
Crate, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Crated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Crating.] To pack in a crate or case
for transportation; as, to crate a sewing machine;
to crate peaches.
Cra"ter (kr?t?r), n. [L.
crater, cratera, a mixing vessel, the mouth
of a volcano, Gr. ir to cook, Crail, in Holy Grail.] 1.
The basinlike opening or mouth of a volcano, through which
the chief eruption comes; similarly, the mouth of a gevser, about
which a cone of silica is often built up.
2. (Mil.) The pit left by the explosion
of a mine.
3. (Astron.) A constellation of the
southen hemisphere; -- called also the
Cup.
Cra*ter"i*form (kr?-t?r"?-f?rm), a.
[L. cratera + -form.]
(Bot.) Having the form of a shallow bowl; -- said
of a corolla.
CRa"ter*ous (kr?"t?r-?s), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a crater.
[R.]
R. Browning.
Craunch (kr?nch), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Craunched
(kr?ncht);p. pr. & vb. n.
Craunching.] [See
Crunch.] To crush with the teeth; to chew
with violence and noise; to crunch.
Swift.
Cra*vat" (kr?-v?t"), n. [F.
cravate, fr. Cravate a Croat, an inhabitant
of Croatia, one of a body of Austrian troops, from whom, in 1636,
this article of dress was adopted in France.] A
neckcloth; a piece of silk, fine muslin, or other cloth, worn by
men about the neck.
While his wig was combed and his cravat tied.
Macualay.
Cra*vat`ted (kr?-v?t"t?d), a.
Wearing a cravat.
The young men faultlessly appointed, handsomely
cravatted.
Thackeray.
Crave (kr?v), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Craved
(kr; p pr. & vb. n.
Craving.] [AS. crafian; akin
to Icel. krefia, Sw. kr, Dan.
kr.] 1. To ask with
earnestness or importunity; to ask with submission or humility;
to beg; to entreat; to beseech; to implore.
I crave your honor's pardon.
Shak.
Joseph . . . went in boldly unto Pilate, and craved
the body of Jesus.
Mark xv. 43.
2. To call for, as a gratification; to long for;
hence, to require or demand; as, the stomach craves
food.
His path is one that eminently craves weary
walking.
Edmund Gurney.
Syn. -- To ask; seek; beg; beseech; implore; entreat;
solicit; request; supplicate; adjure.
Crave, v. i. To desire strongly; to feel
an insatiable longing; as, a craving
appetite.
Once one may crave for love.
Suckling.
Cra"ven (kr?"v'n), a. [OE.
cravant, cravaunde, OF.
cravant struck down, p. p. of cravanter,
crevanter, to break, crush, strike down, fr. an
assumed LL. crepantare, fr. L. crepans,
p. pr. of crepare to break, crack, rattle. Cf.
Crevice, Crepitate.] Cowardly;
fainthearted; spiritless. \'bdHis craven
heart.\'b8
Shak.
The poor craven bridegroom said never a word.
Sir. W. Scott.
In craven fear of the sarcasm of Dorset.
Macualay.
Cra"ven, n. [Formerly written also
cravant and cravent.] A
recreant; a coward; a weak-hearted, spiritless fellow. See
Recreant, n.
King Henry. Is it fit this soldier keep his oath?
Fluellen.He is a craven and a villain
else.
Shak.
Syn. -- Coward; poltroon; dastard.
Cra"ven, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cravened (-v'nd);p. pr. & vb.
n. Cravening.] To make recreant,
weak, spiritless, or cowardly. [Obs.]
There is a prohibition so divine,
That cravens my weak hand.
Shak.
Crav"er (kr?v"?r), n. One who
craves or begs.
Crav"ing (-?ng), n. Vehement or
urgent desire; longing for; beseeching.
A succession of cravings and satiety.
L'Estrange.
-- Crav"ing*ly, adv. --
Crav"ing*ness, n.
Craw (kr?), n. [Akin to D.
kraag neck, collar, G. kragen, Sw.
kr craw, Dan. kro, and possibly to
Gr.bronchus), or Crag neck.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The crop of a bird. (b) The
stomach of an animal.
{ Craw"fish` (kr?"f?sh`),
Cray"fish` (kr?"f?sh`) }, n.;
pl. -fishes or -fish.
[Corrupted fr. OE. crevis, creves,
OF. crevice, F. , fr. OHG.
krebiz crab, G. krebs. See Crab.
The ending -fish arose from confusion with E.
fish.] (Zo\'94l.) Any crustacean
of the family Astacid\'91, resembling the lobster, but
smaller, and found in fresh waters. Crawfishes are esteemed very
delicate food both in Europe and America. The North American
species are numerous and mostly belong to the genus
Cambarus. The blind crawfish of the Mamoth Cave is
Cambarus pellucidus. The common European species is
Astacus fluviatilis.
Craw"ford (kr?"f?rd), n. A
Crawford peach; a well-known freestone peach, wich yellow flesh,
first raised by Mr. William Crawford, of New
Jersey.
Crawl (kr?l), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Crawled
(kr?ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crawling.] [Dan. kravle, or
Icel. krafla, to paw, scrabble with the hands; akin to
Sw. kr to crawl; cf. LG. krabbeln, D.
krabbelen to scratch.] 1. To move
slowly by drawing the body along the ground, as a worm; to move
slowly on hands and kness; to creep.
A worm finds what it searches after only by feeling, as it
crawls from one thing to another.
Grew.
2. Hence, to move or advance in a feeble, slow, or
timorous manner.
He was hardly able to crawl about the room.
Arbuthnot.
The meanest thing that crawl'd beneath my eyes.
Byron.
<-- p. 341 -->
3. To advance slowly and furtively; to insinuate
one's self; to advance or gain influence by servile or obsequious
conduct.
Secretly crawling up the battered walls.
Knolles.
Hath crawled into the favor of the king.
Shak.
Absurd opinions crawl about the world.
South.
4. To have a sensation as of insect creeping over
the body; as, the flesh crawls. See
Creep, v. i. ,7.
Crawl (kr?l), n. The act or
motion of crawling;
Crawl, n. [Cf. Kraal.]
A pen or inclosure of stakes and hurdles on the seacoast,
for holding fish.
Crawl"er (kr?l"?r), n. One who,
or that which, crawls; a creeper; a reptile.
Crawl"y (kr?l"?), a.
Creepy. [Colloq.]
{ Cray (kr?), Cray"er
(-?r) }, n. See
Crare. [Obs.]
Cray"fish (kr?"f?sh), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Crawfish.
Cray"on (kr?"?n), n. [F., a
crayon, a lead pencil (crayon Cont\'82 Cont\'82's
pencil, i. e., one made a black compound invented by
Cont\'82), fr. craie chalk, L. creta; said
to be, properly, Cretan earth, fr. Creta the island
Crete. Cf. Cretaceous.] 1. An
implement for drawing, made of clay and plumbago, or of some
preparation of chalk, usually sold in small prisms or
cylinders.
Let no day pass over you . . . without giving some strokes of
the pencil or the crayon.
Dryden.
chalks. The red crayon is also called
sanguine. See Chalk, and
Sanguine.
2. A crayon drawing.
3. (Electricity) A pencil of carbon used
in producing electric light.
Crayon board, cardboard with a surface
prepared for crayon drawing. -- Crayon drawing,
the act or art of drawing with crayons; a drawing made with
crayons.
Cray"on, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Crayoned (-?nd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Crayoning.] [Cf. F.
crayonner.] To sketch, as with a crayon; to
sketch or plan.
He soon afterwards composed that discourse, conformably to the
plan which he had crayoned out.
Malone.
Craze (kr?z), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Crazed
(kr?zd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crazing.] [OE. crasen to
break, fr. Scand., perh. through OF.; cf. Sw. krasa
to crackle, sl, to break to pieces, F.
to crush, fr. the Scand. Cf.
Crash.] 1. To break into pieces; to
crush; to grind to powder. See Crase.
God, looking forth, will trouble all his host,
And craze their chariot wheels.
Milton.
2. To weaken; to impair; to render decrepit.
[Obs.]
Till length of years,
And sedentary numbness, craze my limbs.
Milton.
3. To derange the intellect of; to render
insane.
Any man . . . that is crazed and out of his
wits.
Tilloston.
Grief hath crazed my wits.
Shak.
Craze, v. i. 1. To be crazed,
or to act or appear as
She would weep and he would craze.
Keats.
2. To crack, as the glazing of porcelain or
pottery.
Craze, n. 1. Craziness;
insanity.
2. A strong habitual desire or fancy; a
crotchet.
It was quite a craze with him [Burns] to have his
Jean dressed genteelly.
Prof. Wilson.
3. A temporary passion or infatuation, as for same
new amusement, pursuit, or fashion; as, the bric-a-brac
craze; the \'91sthetic craze.
Various crazes concerning health and disease.
W. Pater.
Craz"ed*ness (-?d-n?s), n. A
broken state; decrepitude; an impaired state of the
intellect.
{ Craze"-mill` (kr?z"m\'b5l`),
Craz"ing-mill` (kr?"z?ng-) },
n. [See 1st Craze.] A mill
for grinding tin ore.
Cra"zi*ly (kr\'b5"z?-l?), adv.
In a crazy manner.
Cra"zi*ness, n. 1. The state of
being broken down or weakened; as, the craziness of
a ship, or of the limbs.
2. The state of being broken in mind; imbecility or
weakness of intellect; derangement.
Cra"zy (kr?"z?), a. [From
Craze.] 1. Characterized by weakness
or feeblness; decrepit; broken; falling to decay; shaky;
unsafe.
Piles of mean andcrazy houses.
Macualay.
One of great riches, but a crazy constitution.
Addison.
They . . . got a crazy boat to carry them to the
island.
Jeffrey.
2. Broken, weakened, or dissordered in intellect;
shattered; demented; deranged.
Over moist and crazy brains.
Hudibras.
3. Inordinately desirous; foolishly eager.
[Colloq.]
The girls were crazy to be introduced to him.
R. B. Kimball.
Crazy bone, the bony projection at the end of
the elbow (olecranon), behind which passes the ulnar
nerve; -- so called on account of the curiously painful tingling
felt, when, in a particular position, it receives a blow; --
called also funny bone. -- Crazy
quilt, a bedquilt made of pieces of silk or other
material of various sizes, shapes, and colors, fancifully
stitched together without definite plan or arrangement.
Cre"a*ble (kr?"?-b'l), a. [L.
creabilis, from creare to create. See
Create.] Capable of being created.
[Obs.]
I. Watts.
Creaght (kr?t), n. [Ir. & Gael.
graidh, graigh.] A drove or
herd. [Obs.]
Haliwell.
Greaght, v. i. To graze.
[Obs.]
Sir. L. Davies.
Creak (kr?k), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Creaked
(kr?kt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Creaking.] [OE. creken,
prob. of imitative origin; cf. E. crack,
and. D. kreiken to crackle, chirp.]
To make a prolonged sharp grating or ssqueaking sound, as by
the friction of hard substances; as, shoes
creak.
The creaking locusts with my voice conspire.
Dryden.
Doors upon their hinges creaked.
Tennyson.
Creak, v. t. To produce a creaking sound
with.
Creaking my shoes on the plain masonry.
Shak.
Creak (kr?k), n. Thew sound
produced by anuthing that creaks; a creaking.
Roget.
CReak"ing, n. A harsh grating or
squeaking sound, or the act of making such a sound.
Start not at the creaking of the door.
Longfellow.
Cream (kr?m), n. [F.
cr, perh. fr. LL. crema cteam of milk;
cf. L. cremor thick juice or broth, perh. akin to
cremare to burn.] 1. The rich,
oily, and yellowish part of milk, which, when the milk stands
unagitated, rises, and collects on the surface. It is the part of
milk from which butter is obtained.
2. The part of any liquor that rises, and collects
on the surface. [R.]
3. A delicacy of several kinds prepared for the
table from cream, etc., or so as to resemble cream.
4. A cosmetic; a creamlike medicinal
preparation.
In vain she tries her paste and creams,
To smooth her skin or hide its seams.
Goldsmith.
5. The best or choicest part of a thing; the
quintessence; as. the cream of a jest or story; the
cream of a collection of books or pictures.
Welcome, O flower and cream of knights errant.
Shelton.
Bavarian cream, a preparation of gelatin,
cream, sugar, and eggs, whipped; -- to be eaten cold. --
Cold cream, an ointment made of white wax, almond
oil, rose water, and borax, and used as a salve for the hands and
lips. -- Cream cheese, a kind of cheese made
from curd from which the cream has not been taken off, or to
which cream has been added. -- Cream gauge,
an instrument to test milk, being usually a graduated glass
tube in which the milk is placed for the cream to rise. --
Cream nut, the Brazil nut. -- Cream of
lime. (a) A scum of calcium carbonate which
forms on a solution of milk of lime from the carbon dioxide of
the air. (b) A thick creamy emulsion of lime in
water. -- Cream of tartar (Chem.),
purified tartar or argol; so called because of the crust of
crystals which forms on the surface of the liquor in the process
of purification by recrystallization. It is a white crystalline
substance, with a gritty acid taste, and is used very largely as
an ingredient of baking powders; -- called also
potassium bitartrate, acid potassium
tartrate, etc.
Cream, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Creamed (kr?md); p. pr. & vb.
n. Creaming.] 1. To
skim, or take off by skimming, as cream.
2. To take off the best or choicest part of.
3. To furnish with, or as with, cream.
Creaming the fragrant cups.
Mrs. Whitney.
To cream butter (Cooking), to rub,
stir, or beat, butter till it is of a light creamy
consistency.
Cream, v. i. To form or become covered
with cream; to become thick like cream; to assume the appearance
of cream; hence, to grow stiff or formal; to mantle.
There are a sort of men whose visages
Do cream and mantle like a standing pool.
Shak.
Cream"cake` (-k?k`), n.
(Cookery) A kind of cake filled with custard made
of cream, eggs, etc.
Cream"-col`ored (-k?l`?rd), a.
Of the color of cream; light yellow.
\'bdCream-colored horses.\'b8
Hazlitt.
Cream"er*y (-?r-?), n.; pl.
Creameries (-. [CF. F.
cr.] 1. A place where
butter and cheese are made, or where milk and cream are put up in
cans for market.
2. A place or apparatus in which milk is set for
raising cream.
3. An establishment where cream is sold.
Cream"-faced` (kr?m"f?st`), a.
White or pale, as the effect of fear, or as the natural
complexion.
Thou cream-faced loon.
Shak.
Cream"-fruit` (kr?m"fr?t`), n.
(Bot.) A plant of Sierra Leone which yields a
wholesome, creamy juice.
Cream"i*ness (-?-n?s), n. The
quality of being creamy.
Cream" laid` (kr?m" l?d`). See under
Laid.
Cream"-slice` (-sl?s`), n. A
wooden knife with a long thin blade, used in handling cream or
ice cream.
Cream"-white` (-hw?t`), a. As
white as cream.
Cream"y (kr?m"?), a. Full of,
or containing, cream; resembling cream, in nature, appearance, or
taste; creamlike; unctuous. \'bdCreamy bowis.\'b8
Collins. \'bdLines of creamy spray.\'b8
Tennyson. \'bdYour creamy words but
cozen.\'b8 Beau & Fl.
Cre"ance (kr?"ans), n.
[F. cr\'82ance, lit., credence, fr. L.
credere to trust. See Credence.]
1. Faith; belief; creed. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. (Falconry) A fine, small line,
fastened to a hawk's leash, when it is first lured.
Cre"ance (kr\'b5"ans), v. i. &
t. To get on credit; to borrow.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cre"ant (kr?"ant), a.
[L. creans, p. pr. of creare to
create.] Creative; formative. [R.]
Mrs. Browning.
Crease (kr?s), n. See
Creese.
Tennison.
Crease, n. [Cf. LG. krus, G.
krause, crispness, krausen,
kr, to crisp, curl, lay on folds; or perh. of
Celtic origin; cf. Armor.kriz a wrinkle, crease,
kriza to wrinkle, fold, W. crych a wrinkle,
crychu to rumple, ripple, crease.] 1.
A line or mark made by folding or doubling any pliable
substance; hence, a similar mark, howewer produced.
2. (Cricket) One of the lines serving to
define the limits of the bowler and the striker.
Bowling crease (Cricket), a line
extending three feet four inches on each side of the central
strings at right angles to the line between the wickets. --
Return crease (Cricket), a short line
at each end of the bowling crease and at right angles
to it, extending toward the bowler. -- Popping
crease (Cricket),, a line drawn in front of
the wicket, four feet distant from it, parallel to the
bowling crease and at least as long as the
latter.
J. H. Walsh (Encyc. of Rural Sports).
Crease, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Creased (kr?st); p. pr. & vb.
n. Creasing.] To make a crease or
mark in, as by folding or doubling.
Creased, like dog's ears in a folio.
Gray.
Creas"er (kr?s"?r), n. 1.
A tool, or a sewing-mashine attachment, for making lines or
creases on leather or cloth, as guides to sew by.
2. A tool for making creases or beads, as in sheet
iron, or for rounding small tubes.
3. (Bookbinding) A tool for making the
band impression distinct on the back.
Knight.
Creas"ing (kr?s"?ng), n.
(Arch.) A layer of tiles forming a corona for a
wall.
Cre"a*sote (kr?"?-s?t), n. See
Creosote.
Creas"y (kr?s"?), a. Full of
creases.
Tennyson.
Cre"at (kr?"?t), n. [F.
cr, ultimateli fr. L. creatus created,
begotten; cf. It. creato pupil, servant, Sp.
criado a servant, client.] (Man.)
An usher to a riding master.
Cre*at"a*ble (kr?-?"t?-b'l), a.
That may be created.
Cre*ate" (kr?-?t"), a.[L.
creatus, p. p. of creare to create; akin to
Gr. k to make,
and to E. ending -cracy in aristocracy,
also to crescent, cereal.]
Created; composed; begotte. [Obs.]
Hearts create of duty and zeal.
Shak.
Cre*ate", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Created;p. pr. & vb. n.
Creating.] 1. To bring into
being; to form out of nothing; to cause to exist.
In the beginning, God created the heaven and the
earth.
Gen. i. 1.
2. To effect by the agency, and under the laws, of
causation; to be the occasion of; to cause; to produce; to form
or fashion; to renew.
Your eye in Scotland
Would create soldiers.
Shak.
Create in me a clean heart.
Ps. li. 10.
3. To invest with a new form, office, or character;
to constitute; to appoint; to make; as, to create
one a peer. \'bdI create you companions to
our person.\'b8
Shak.
Cre*at"ic (kr?-?t"?k), a. [Gr.
Relating to, or produced
by, flesh or animal food; as, creatic
nausea. [Written also
kreatic.]
Cre"a*tin (kr?"?-t?n), n. [Gr.
(Physiol. Chem.) A white,
crystalline, nitrogenous substance found abundantly in muscle
tissue. [Written also
kreatine.]<-- = creatine, C4H9N3O2 -->
Cre*at"i*nin (kr?-?t"?-n?n), n.
(Physiol. Chem.) A white, crystalline,
nitrogenous body closely related to creatin but more basic in its
properties, formed from the latter by the action of acids, and
occurring naturally in muscle tissue and in urine.
[Written also kretinine.]<-- =
creatinine, C4H7N3O -->
Cre*a"tion (kr?-A"sh?n), n. [L.
creatio: cf. F. cr. See
Create.] 1. The act of creating or
causing to exist. Specifically, the act of bringing the universe
or this world into existence.
From the creation to the general doom.
Shak.
As when a new particle of matter dotn begin to exist, in
rerum natura, which had before no being; and this we call
creation.
Locke.
2. That which is created; that which is produced or
caused to exist, as the world or some original work of art or of
the imagination; nature.
We know that the whole creation groaneth.
Rom. viii. 22.
A dagger of the mind, a false creation.
Shak.
Choice pictures and creations of curious art.
Beaconsfield.
3. The act of constituting or investing with a new
character; appointment; formation.
An Irish peer of recent creation.
Landor.
Cre*a"tion*al (-al), a.
Of or pertaining to creation.
Cre*a"tion*ism (-?z'm), n. The
doctrine that a soul is specially created for each human being as
soon as it is formed in the womb; -- opposed to
traducianism.
Cre*a"tive (-t?v), a. Having
the power to create; exerting the act of creation.
\'bdCreative talent.\'b8
W. Irving.
The creative force exists in the germ.
Whewell.
Cre*a"tive*ness, n. The qualiyu of being
creative.
Cre*"tor (kr?-?"t?r), n. [L.
creator: cf. F. cr.] One
who creates, produces, or constitutes. Specifically, the Supreme
Being.
To sin's rebuke and my Creater's praise.
Shak.
The poets and artists of Greece, who are at the same time its
prophets, the creators of its divinities, and the
revealers of its theological beliefs.
Caird.
Cre*a"tor*ship, n. State or condition of
a creator.
Cre*a"tress, n. [L. creatrix:
cf. F. cr.] She who creates.
Spenser.
\'d8Cre*a"trix (-tr?ks), n.
[L.] A creatress. [R.]
Crea"tur*al (kr?"t?r-a]/>l; 135), a.
Belonging to a creature; having the qualities of a
creature. [R.]
Crea"ture (kr?"t?r; 135), n.
[F. cr, L. creatura. See
Create.] 1. Anything created;
anything not self-existent; especially, any being created with
life; an animal; a man.
He asked water, a creature so common and needful
that it was against the law of nature to deny him.
Fuller.
God's first creature was light.
Bacon.
On earth, join, all ye creatures, to extol
Him first, him last, him midst, and without end.
Milton.
And most attractive is the fair result
Of thought, the creature of a polished mind.
Cowper.
2. A human being, in pity, contempt, or endearment;
as, a poor creature; a pretty
creature.
The world hath not a sweeter creature.
Shak.
3. A person who owes his rise and fortune to
another; a servile dependent; an instrument; a tool.
A creature of the queen's, Lady Anne Bullen.
Shak.
Both Charles himself and his creature, Laud.
Macualay.
4. A general term among farmers for horses, oxen,
etc.
Creature comforts, those which minister to the
comfort of the body.
Cra"ture*less, a. Without created
beings; alone.
God was alone
And creatureless at first.
Donne.
Crea"ture*ly, a. Creatural;
characteristic of a creature. [R.]
\'bdCreaturely faculties.\'b8
Cheyne.
Crea"ture*ship, n. The condition of
being a creature.
Crea"tur*ize (-?z), v. t. To
make like a creature; to degrade [Obs.]
Degrade and creaturize that mundane soul.
Cudworth.
<-- p. 342 -->
Creaze (kr?z), n.
(Mining) The tin ore which collects in the
central part of the washing pit or buddle.
Cre`bri*cos"tate (kr?`br?-k?s"t?t),
a. [L. creber close +
costa rib.] (Zo\'94l.) Marked
with closely set ribs or ridges.
Cre`bri*sul"cate (kr?`br?-s?l"k?t),
a. [L. creber close +
sulcus furrow.] (Zo\'94l.)
Marked with closely set transverse furrows.
Creb"ri*tude (kr?b"r?-t?d), n.
[L. crebritudo, fr. creber
close.] Frequency. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Cre"brous (kr?"br?s), a. [L.
creber close set, frequent.] Frequent;
numerous. [Obs.]
Goodwin.
\'d8Creche (kr?sh), n.
[F.] A public nursery, where the young children
of poor women are cared for during the day, while their mothers
are at work.
Cre"dence (kr?"dens), n.
[LL. credentia, fr. L. credens,
-entis, p. pr. of credere to trust,
believe: cf. OF. credence. See Creed, and cf.
Credent, Creance.]
1. Reliance of the mind on evidence of facts
derived from other sources than personal knowledge; belief;
credit; confidence.
To give credence to the Scripture miracles.
Trench.
An assertion which might easily find credence.
Macualay.
2. That which gives a claim to credit, belief, or
confidence; as, a letter of credence.
3. (Eccl.) The small table by the side
of the altar or communion table, on which the bread and wine are
placed before being consecrated.
4. A cupboard, sideboard, or cabinet, particularly
one intended for the display of rich vessels or plate, and
consisting chiefly of open shelves for that purpose.
Cre"dence, v. t. To give credence to; to
believe. [Obs.]
\'d8Cre*den"dum (kr?-d?n"d?m),
n.;pl. Credenda
(-d. [L., fr. credere to
belive.] (Theol.) A thing to be believed;
an article of faith; -- distinguished from agendum, a
practical duty.
The great articles and credenda of
Christianity.
South.
Cre"dent (kr?"dent), a.
[. credens, -entis, p. pr. of
credere to trust, believe. See Creed.]
1. Believing; giving credence; credulous.
[R.]
If with too credent esr you list songs.
Shak.
2. Having credit or authority; credible.
[Obs.]
For my authority bears of a credent bulk.
Shak.
Cre*den"tial (kr?-d?n"shal),
a. [Cf. It. credenziale, fr. LL.
credentia. See Credence.] Giving
a title or claim to credit or confidence; accrediting.
Their credential letters on both sides.
Camden.
Cre*den"tial, n. [Cf. It.
credenziale.] 1. That which gives
a title to credit or confidence.
2. pl. Testimonials showing that a
person is entitled to credit, or has right to exercise official
power, as the letters given by a government to an ambassador or
envoy, or a certificate that one is a duly elected
delegate.
The committee of estates excepted against the
credentials of the English commissioners.
Whitelocke.
Had they not shown undoubted credentials from the
Divine Person who sent them on such a message.
Addison.
Cred`i*bil"i*ty (kr?d`?-b?l"?-t?),
n. [Cf. F. cr.]
The quality of being credible; credibleness; as, the
credibility of facts; the credibility of
witnesses.
Cred"i*ble (kr?d"?-b'l), a. [L.
credibilis, fr. credere. See
Creed.] Capable of being credited or
believed; worthy of belief; entiled to confidence;
trustworthy.
Things are made credible either by the known
condition and quality of the utterer or by the manifest
likelihood of truth in themselves.
Hooker.
A very diligent and observing person, and likewise very sober
and credible.
Dampier.
Cred"i*ble*ness, n. The quality or state
of being credible; worthness of belief; credibility.
[R.]
Boyle.
Cred"i*bly, adv. In a manner inducing
belief; as, I have been credibly informed of the
event.
Cred"it (kr?d"?t), n. [F.
cr (cf. It. credito), L.
creditum loan, prop. neut. of creditus, p.
p. of credere to trust, loan, believe. See
Creed.] 1. Reliance on the truth of
something said or done; belief; faith; trust; confidence.
When Jonathan and the people heard these words they gave no
credit into them, nor received them.
1 Macc. x. 46.
2. Reputation derived from the confidence of
others; esteem; honor; good name; estimation.
John Gilpin was a citizen
Of credit and renown.
Cowper.
3. A ground of, or title to, belief or confidence;
authority derived from character or reputation.
The things which we properly believe, be only such as are
received on the credit of divine testimony.
Hooker.
4. That which tends to procure, or add to,
reputation or esteem; an honor.
I published, because I was told I might please such as it was
a credit to please.
Pope.
5. Influence derived from the good opinion,
confidence, or favor of others; interest.
Having credit enough with his master to provide for
his own interest.
Clarendon.
6. (Com.) Trust given or received;
expectation of future playment for property transferred, or of
fulfillment or promises given; mercantile reputation entitling
one to be trusted; -- applied to individuals, corporations,
communities, or nations; as, to buy goods on
credit.
Credit is nothing but the expectation of money,
within some limited time.
Locke.
7. The time given for payment for lands or goods
sold on trust; as, a long credit or a short
credit.
8. (Bookkeeping) The side of an account
on which are entered all items reckoned as values received from
the party or the category named at the head of the account; also,
any one, or the sum, of these items; -- the opposite of
debit; as, this sum is carried to one's
credit, and that to his debit; A has several
credits on the books of B.
Bank credit, Cash
credit. See under Cash. --
Bill of credit. See under Bill. --
Letter of credit, a letter or notification
addressed by a banker to his correspondent, informing him that
the person named therein is entitled to draw a certain sum of
money; when addressed to several different correspondents, or
when the money can be drawn in fractional sums in several
different places, it is called a circular letter of
credit. -- Public credit. (a)
The reputation of, or general confidence in, the ability or
readiness of a government to fulfull its pecuniary
engagements. (b) The ability and fidelity of
merchants or others who owe largely in a community.
He touched the dead corpse of Public Credit, and it
sprung upon its feet.
D. Webster.
Cred"it (kr?d"?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Credited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Crediting.] 1.
To confide in the truth of; to give credence to; to put
trust in; to believe.
How shall they credit
A poor unlearned virgin?
Shak.
2. To bring honor or repute upon; to do credit to;
to raise the estimation of.
You credit the church as much by your government as
you did the school formerly by your wit.
South.
3. (Bookkeeping) To enter upon the
credit side of an account; to give credit for; as, to
credit the amount paid; to set to the credit of;
as, to credit a man with the interest paid on a
bond.
To credit with, to give credit for; to assign
as justly due to any one.
Crove, Helmholtz, and Meyer, are more than any others to
be credited with the clear enunciation of this
doctrine.
Newman.
Cred"it*a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
1. Worthy of belief. [Obs.]
Divers creditable witnesses deposed.
Ludlow.
2. Deserving or possessing reputation or esteem;
reputable; estimable.
This gentleman was born of creditable parents.
Goldsmith.
3. Bringing credit, reputation, or honor;
honorable; as, such conduct is highly creditable to
him.
Macualay.
He settled him in a good creditable way of
living.
Arbuthnot.
Cred"it*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being creditable.
Cred"it*a*bly (-?-bl?), adv. In
a creditable manner; reputably; with credit.
\'d8Cre`dit" fon`cier" (kr?d?" f?n`s??").
[F. cr credit & foncier relating
to land, landed.] A company licensed for the purpose
of carrying out improvements, by means of loans and advances upon
real securities.
]
\'d8Cre`dit" mo`bi`lier" (m?`b?`ly?").
[F. cr credit & mobilier
personal, pertaining to personal property.] A joint
stock company, formed for general banking business, or for the
construction of public works, by means of loans on personal
estate, after the manner of the cr\'82dit foncier on
real estate. In practice, however, this distinction has not been
strictly observed.
Cred"it*or (kr?d"?t-?r), n.
[L.: cf. F. cr. See
Credit.] 1. One who credits,
believes, or trusts.
The easy creditors of novelties.
Daniel.
2. One who gives credit in business matters; hence,
one to whom money is due; -- correlative to
debtor.
Creditors have better memories than debtors.
Franklin.
{ Cred"it*ress (kr?d"?t-r?s),
Cred"i*trix (kr?d"?-tr?ks), }
n. [L. creditrix.] A female
creditor.
Cre"do (kr?"d?), n. [L. See
Creed.] The creed, as sung or read in the
Roman Catholic church.
He repeated Aves and Credos.
Macualay.
Cre*du"li*ty (kr?-d?"l?-t?), n.
[L. credulitas, fr. credulus: cf. F.
cr. See Credulous.]
Readiness of belief; a disposition to believe on slight
evidence.
That implict credulity is the mark of a feeble mind
will not be disputed.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Cred"u*lous (kr?d"?-l?s; 135), a.
[L. credulus, fr. credere. See
Creed.] 1. Apt to believe on slight
evidence; easly imposed upon; unsuspecting.
Landor.
Eve, our credulous mother.
Milton.
2. Believed too readily. [Obs.]
Beau & Fl.
Cred"u*lous*ly, adv. With
credulity.
Cred"u*lous*ness, n. Readiness to
believe on slight evidence; credulity.
Beyond all credulity is the credulousness of
atheists.
S. Clarke.
Creed (kr?d), n. [OE.
credo, crede, AS. creda, fr. L.
credo I believe, at the beginning of the Apostles'
creed, fr. credere to believe; akin to OIr.
cretin I believe, and Skr. ;
crat trust + dh to put. See Do,
v. t., and cf. Credo, Grant.]
1. A definite summary of what is believed; esp., a
summary of the articles of Christian faith; a confession of faith
for public use; esp., one which is brief and comprehensive.
In the Protestant system the creed is not
co\'94rdinate with, but always subordinate to, the Bible.
Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
2. Any summary of principles or opinions professed
or adhered to.
I love him not, nor fear him; there's my creed.
Shak.
Apostles' creed, Athanasian
creed, Nicene creed. See under
Apostle, Athanasian, Nicene.
Creed, v. t. To believe; to
credit. [Obs.]
That part which is so creeded by the people.
Milton.
Creed"less, a. Without a creed.
Carlyle.
Creek (kr?k), n. [AS.
crecca; akin to D. kreek, Icel.
kriki crack, nook; cf. W. crig crack,
crigyll ravine, creek. Cf. Crick,
Crook.] 1. A small inlet or bay,
narrower and extending further into the land than a cove; a
recess in the shore of the sea, or of a river.
Each creek and cavern of the dangerous shore.
Cowper.
They discovered a certain creek, with a shore.
Acts xxvii. 39.
2. A stream of water smaller than a river and
larger than a brook.
Lesser streams and rivulets are denominated
creeks.
Goldsmith.
3. Any turn or winding.
The passages of alleys, creeks, and narrow
lands.
Shak.
Creek"fish (kr?k"f?sh), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The chub sucker.
Creeks (kr?ks), n. pl.; sing.
Creek. (Ethnol.) A tribe or
confederacy of North American Indians, including the Muskogees,
Seminoles, Uchees, and other subordinate tribes. They formerly
inhabited Georgia, Florida, and Alabama.
Creek"y (kr?k"?), a.
Containing, or abounding in, creeks; characterized by
creeks; like a creek; winding. \'bdThe creeky
shore.\'b8
Spenser.
Creel (kr?l), n. [Gael.
craidhleag basket, creel.]
1. An osier basket, such as anglers use.
Sir W. Scott.
2. (Spinning) A bar or set of bars with
skewers for holding paying-off bobbins, as in the roving machine,
throstle, and mule.
Creep (kr?p), v. t.
[imp. Crept (kr?pt)
(Crope (kr, Obs.); p.
p. Crept; p. pr. & vb. n.
Creeping.] [OE. crepen,
creopen, AS. cre; akin to D.
kruipen, G. kriechen, Icel.
krjupa, Sw. krypa, Dan. krybe.
Cf. Cripple, Crouch.] 1. To
move along the ground, or on any other surface, on the belly, as
a worm or reptile; to move as a child on the hands and knees; to
crawl.
Ye that walk
The earth, and stately tread, or lowly creep.
Milton.
2. To move slowly, feebly, or timorously, as from
unwillingness, fear, or weakness.
The whining schoolboy . . . creeping, like snail,
Unwillingly to school.
Shak.
Like guilty thing, Icreep.
Tennyson.
3. To move in a stealthy or secret manner; to move
imperceptibly or clandestinely; to steal in; to insinuate itself
or one's self; as, age creeps upon us.
The sothistry which creeps into most of the books
of argument.
Locke.
Of this sort are they which creep into houses, and
lead captive silly women.
2. Tim. iii. 6.
4. To slip, or to become slightly displaced;
as, the collodion on a negative, or a coat of varnish, may
creep in drying; the quicksilver on a mirror may
creep.
5. To move or behave with servility or exaggerated
humility; to fawn; as, a creeping
sycophant.
To come as humbly as they used to creep.
Shak.
6. To grow, as a vine, clinging to the ground or to
some other support by means of roots or rootlets, or by tendrils,
along its length. \'bdCreeping vines.\'b8
Dryden.
7. To have a sensation as of insects creeping on
the skin of the body; to crawl; as, the sight made my flesh
creep. See Crawl, v.
i.,4.
8. To drag in deep water with creepers, as for
recovering a submarine cable.
Creep, n. 1. The act or process
of creeping.
2. A distressing sensation, or sound, like that
occasioned by the creeping of insects.
A creep of undefinable horror.
Blackwood's Mag.
Out of the stillness, with gathering creep,
Like rising wind in leaves.
Lowell.
3. (Mining) A slow rising of the floor
of a gallery, occasioned by the pressure of incumbent strata upon
the pillars or sides; a gradual movement of mining ground.
Creep"er (kr?p"?r), n. 1.
One who, or that which, creeps; any creeping thing.
Standing waters are most unwholesome, . . . full of
mites,creepers; slimy, muddy, unclean.
Burton.
2. (Bot.) A plant that clings by
rootlets, or by tendrils, to the ground, or to trees, etc.;
as, the Virginia creeper (Ampelopsis
quinquefolia).
3. (Zo\'94l.) A small bird of the genus
Certhia, allied to the wrens. The brown or common
European creeper is C. familiaris, a variety of which
(var. Americana) inhabits America; -- called also
tree creeper and creeptree.
The American black and white creeper is Mniotilta
varia.
4. A kind of patten mounted on short pieces of iron
instead of rings; also, a fixture with iron points worn on a shoe
to prevent one from slipping.
5. pl. A spurlike device strapped to
the boot, which enables one to climb a tree or pole; -- called
often telegraph creepers.
6. A small, low iron, or dog, between the
andirons.
7. pl. An instrument with iron hooks
or claws for dragging at the bottom of a well, or any other body
of water, and bringing up what may lie there.
8. Any device for causing material to move steadily
from one part of a machine to another, as an apron in a carding
machine, or an inner spiral in a grain screen.
9. pl. (Arch.) Crockets.
See Crocket.
Creep"hole` (-h?l`), n. 1.
A hole or retreat onto which an animal may creep, to escape
notice or danger.
2. A subterfuge; an excuse.
Creep"ie (-?), n. A low
stool. [Scot.]
Creep"i*ness (-?-n?s), n. An
uneasy sensation as of insects creeping on the skin.
She felt a curious, uneasy creepiness.
Mrs. Alexander.
Creep"ing, a. 1. Crawling, or
moving close to the ground. \'bdEvery creeping
thing.\'b8
Gen. vi. 20.
2. Growing along, and clinging to, the ground, or
to a wall, etc., by means of rootlets or tendrils.
Casements lined with creeping herbs.
Cowper.
Ceeping crowfoot (Bot.), a plant,
the Ranunculus repens.- Creeping
snowberry, an American plant (Chiogenes
hispidula) with white berries and very small round leaves
having the flavor of wintergreen.
Creep"ing*ly, adv. by creeping slowly;
in the manner of a reptile; insidiously; cunningly.
How slily and creepingly did he address himself to
our first parents.
South.
Cree"ple (kr?"p'l), n. [See
Cripple.] 1. A creeping creature; a
reptile. [Obs.]
There is one creeping beast, or long creeple (as
the name is in Devonshire), that hath a rattle at his tail that
doth discover his age.
Morton (1632).
2. One who is lame; a cripple.
[Obs.]
Thou knowest how lame a creeple this world is.
Donne.
Creep"y (kr?p"?), a. Crawly;
having or producing a sensation like that caused by insects
creeping on the skin. [Colloq.]
One's whole blood grew curdling and creepy.
R. Browning.
<-- p. 343 -->
Crees (kr?z), n. pl.; sing.
Cree. (Ethnol.) An
Algonquin tribe of Indians, inhabiting a large part of British
America east of the Rocky Mountains and south of Hudson's
Bay.
Creese (kr?s), n. [Malay.
kris.] A dagger or short sword used by the
Malays, commonly having a serpentine blade. [Written
also crease and kris.]
From a Malayan creese to a sailor's jackknife.
Julian Hawthorne.
\'d8Cr\'82`mail`l\'8are" (kr?`m?`ly?r" , n. [F.] (Fort.)
An indented or zigzaged line of intrenchment.
\'d8Cre*mas"ter (kr?-m?s"t?r), n.
[NL., from Gr.
1. (Anat.) A thin muscle which serves to
draw up the testicle.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The apex of the last
abdominal segment of an insect.
Crem`as*ter"ic (kr?m`3s-t?r"?k), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the cremaster;
as, the cremasteric artery.
Cre"mate (kr?"m?t , v.
t. [L. crematus, p. p. of
cremare to burn; cf. Skr. cr to
cook.] To burn; to reduce to ashes by the action of
fire, either directly or in an oven or retort; to incremate or
incinerate; as, to cremate a corpse, instead of
burying it.
Cre*ma"tion (kr?-m?"sh?n), n.
[L. crematio.] A burning; esp., the
act or practice of cremating the dead.
Without cremation . . . of their bodies.
Sir T. Browne.
Cre*ma"tion*ist, n. One who advocates
the practice of cremation.
Cre*ma"tor (-t?r), n.
[L.] One who, or that which, cremmates or
consumes to ashes.
{ Crem`a*to"ri*um (kr?m`?-t?"r?-?m),
Crem"a*to*ry (kr?m"?-t?-r?), }
n.; pl. Crematoriums (-Crematories (-r. [NL.
crematorium, fr. L. cremator.]
A furnace for cremating corpses; a building containing such
a furnace.
Crem"a*to*ry, a. Pertaining to, or
employed in, cremation.
Crem"o*carp (kr?m"?-k?rp ,
n. [Gr. (Bot.) The peculiar fruit of
fennel, carrott, parsnip, and the like, consisting of a pair of
carpels pendent from a supporting axis.
Cre*mo"na (kr?-m?"n?), n. A
superior kind of violin, formerly made at Cremona, in
Italy.
\'d8Cre"mor (kr?"m?r), n. [L.
CF. Cream.] Cream; a substance resembling
cream; yeast; scum.
Crem"o*sin (kr?m"?-s?n), n. See
Crimson. [Obs.]
Crems (kr?mz), n. See
Krems.
{ Cre"nate (kr?n?t), Cre"na*ted
(kr?"n?-t?d), } a. [L.
crena notch. See Cranny.]
(Bot.) Having the margin cut into rounded teeth
notches, or scallops.
Cre*na"tion (kr?-n?"sh?n), n.
1. (Bot.) A rounded tooth on the edge of
a leaf.
2. The condition of being crenate.
Cren"a*ture (kr?n"?-t?r ,
n. 1. (Bot.) A rounded tooth
or notch of a crenate leaf, or any part that is crenate; --
called also crenelle.
2. The state of being crenated or notched.
Cre*nel" (kr?-n?l"), n. See
Crenelle.
Cren"el*ate (kr?n"?l-?t ,
v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Crenelated (-?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crenelating (-?`t?ng).] [LL.
crenellare, kernellare: cf. F.
cr to indent. See Crenelle.]
[Written also crenellate.] 1.
To furnish with crenelles.
2. To indent; to notch; as, a
crenelated leaf.
Crenelated molding (Arch.), a kind
of indented molding used in Norman buildings.
Cren`el*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n.
The act of crenelating, or the state of being crenelated; an
indentation or an embrasure. [Written also
crenellation.]
{ Cre*nelle", Cre*nel" }
(kr?-n?l"), n. [OF. crenel,
F. cr, LL. crenellus,
kernellus, dim. (prob.) fr. L. crena
notch. See Crenny.] 1. An embrasure
or indentation in a battlement; a loophole in a fortress; an
indentation; a notch. See Merlon, and Illust.
of Battlement.
2. (Bot.) Same as
Crenature.
Cre*nelled" (kr a.
(Bot.) Same as Crenate.
{ Cren"gle (kr?n"g'l), Cren"kle
(-k'l), } n. See
Cringle.
{ Cren"u*late (kr?n"?-l?t),
Cren"u*la`ted (-l?`t?d), } a.
[Dim. of crenate.] (Bot.)
Minutely crenate.
Cren`u*la"tion (-l?"sh?n), n.
1. A minute crenation.
2. The state of being minutely scalloped.
Cre"ole (kr?"?l), n. [F.
cr, Sp. criollo, from an American
negro word, perh. a corruption of a Sp. criadillo,
dim. of criado servant, formerly also, child, fr. L.
creatus, p. p. of creare to create. Cf.
Create.] One born of European parents in the
American colonies of France or Spain or in the States which were
once such colonies, esp. a person of French or Spanish descent,
who is a native inhabitant of Louisiana, or one of the States
adjoining, bordering on the Gulf of of Mexico.
creole negro is employed in
the English West Indies to distinguish the negroes born there
from the Africans imported during the time of the slave trade.
The application of this term to the colored people has led to an
idea common in some parts of the United States, though wholly
unfounded, that it implies an admixture greater or less of
African blood.\'b8
R. Hildreth.
Creoles; but there are no
Italian, or Sicilian, nor any English, Scotch, Irish, or 'Yankee'
Creoles, unless of parentage married into, and
themselves thoroughly proselyted in, Creole
society.\'b8
G. W. Cable.
Cre"ole (kr?"?l), a. Of or
pertaining to a Creole or the Creoles.
Creole is applied
to any product, or variety of manufacture, peculiar to Louisiana;
as, Creole ponies, chickens, cows, shoes, eggs,
wagons, baskets, etc.
{ Cre*o"le*an (kr?-?"l?-a]/>n),
Cre*o"li*an }, a. Pertaining to,
or characteristic of, the Creoles. -- n.
A Creole.
Cre"o*sol (kr?"?-s?l), n.
[Cresote + phenol.]
(Chem.) A colorless liquid resembling phenol or
carbolic acid, homologous with pyrocatechin, and obtained from
beechwood tar and gum guaiacum. [Written also
creasol.]
Cre"o*sote (kr?"?-s?t), n. [Gr.
(Chem.) Wood-tar oil; an oily antiseptic liquid,
of a burning smoky taste, colorless when pure, but usually
colored yellow or brown by impurity or exposure. It is a complex
mixture of various phenols and their ethers, and is obtained by
the distillation of wood tar, especially that of beechwood.
Carbolic acid is phenol proper,
while creosote is a mixture of several phenols.
Coal-tar creosote (Chem.), a
colorless or yellow, oily liquid, obtained in the distillation of
coal tar, and resembling wood-tar oil, or creosote proper, in
composition and properties.
Cre"o*sote, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Creosoted (-s?"t?d); p. pr. & vb.
n. Creosoting.] To saturate or
impregnate with creosote, as timber, for the prevention of
decay.
{ Cre"pance (kr?"pans),
Cre"pane (kr?"p?n), } n.
[Cf. L. crepare to crack.]
(Far.) An injury in a horse's leg, caused by the
shoe of one hind foot striking and cutting the other leg. It
sometimes forms an ulcer.
\'d8Cr\'88pe (kr?p), n. Same as
Crape.
Crep"i*tant (kr?p"?-tant),
a. [See Crepitate.] Having a
crackling sound; crackling; rattling.
Crepitant rale (Med.), a peculiar
crackling sound audible with inspiration in pneumonia and other
lung disease.
Crep"i*tate (kr, v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Crepitated
(-t; p. pr. & vb. n.
Crepitating (-t.]
[L. crepitatus, p. p. of
crepitare to crackle, v. intensive of
crepare to crack. Cf. Crevice.] To
make a series of small, sharp, rapidly repeated explosions or
sounds, as salt in fire; to crackle; to snap.
Crep`i*ta"tion (kr?p`?-t?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. cr\'82pitation.] 1.
The act of crepitating or crackling.
2. (Med.) (a) A grating or
crackling sensation or sound, as that produced by rubbing two
fragments of a broken bone together, or by pressing upon cellular
tissue containing air. (b) A crepitant
r\'83le.
\'d8Crep"i*tus (kr?p"?-t?s), n.
[L., fr. crepare to crack.]
(Med.) (a) The noise produced bu a
sudden discharge of wind from the bowels. (b)
Same as Crepitation, 2.
\'d8Cre"pon (kr?"p?n; F. kr?`p?n"),
n. [F.] A thin stuff made of the
finest wool or silk, or of wool and silk.
Crept (kr?pt), imp. & p. p. of
Creep.
{ Cre*pus"cle (kr?-p?s"s'l),
Cre*pus"cule (kr?-p?s"k?l), }
n. [L. crepusculum, fr.
creper dusky, dark: cf. F.
cr.] Twilight.
Bailey.
{ Cre*pus"cu*lar (-k?-l?r),
Cre*pus"cu*lous (-l?s), } a.
[Cf. F. cr.] 1.
Pertaining to twilight; glimmering; hence, imperfectly clear
or luminous.
This semihistorical and crepuscular period.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Flying in the twilight or
evening, or before sunrise; -- said certain birds and
insects.
Others feed only in the twilight, as bats and owls, and are
called crepuscular.
Whewell.
Cro*pus"cu*line (-l?n), a.
Crepuscular. [Obs.]
Sprat.
Cres"cence (kr?s"sens), n.
[See Crescent.] Increase;
enlargement. [Obs.]
And toward the moon's attractive crescence
bend.
H. Brooke.
Cres*cen"do (kr?s-s?n"d?; It. kr?-sh?n"d?),
a. & adv. [It., from crescere to
increase. See Crescent.] (Mus.)
With a constantly increasing volume of voice; with gradually
increasing strength and fullness of tone; -- a direction for the
performance of music, indicated by the mark, or by writing the
word on the score.
Cres*cen"do, n. (Mus.)
(a) A gradual increase in the strength and fullness
of tone with which a passage is performed. (b)
A pssage to be performed with constantly increasing volume
of tone.
Cres"cent (kr?s"sent), n.
[OE. cressent, cressaunt, crescent
(in sense 1), OF. creissant increasing, F.
croissant, p. pr. of cro, OF.
creistre, fr. L. crescere to increase, v.
incho.; akin to creare to create. See Create,
and cf. Accrue, Increase, Crescendo.] 1. The
increasing moon; the moon in her first quarter, or when defined
by a concave and a convex edge; also, applied improperly to the
old or decreasing moon in a like state.
2. Anything having the shape of a crescent or new
moon.
3. A representation of the increasing moon, often
used as an emblem or badge; as: (a) A symbol
of Artemis, or Diana. (b) The ancient symbol
of Byzantium or Constantinople. Hence: (c)
The emblem of the Turkish Empire, adopted after the taking
of Constantinople.
The cross of our faith is replanted,
The pale, dying crescent is daunted.
Campbell.
4. Any one of three orders of knighthood; the first
instituted by Charles I., king of Naples and Sicily, in 1268; the
second by Ren\'82 of Anjou, in 1448; and the third by the Sultan
Selim III., in 1801, to be conferred upon foreigners to whom
Turkey might be indebted for valuable services.
Brande & C.
5. (Her.) The emblem of the increasing
moon with horns directed upward, when used in a coat of arms; --
often used as a mark of cadency to distinguish a second son and
his descendants.
Cres"cent (kr?s"sent), a.
1. Shaped like a crescent.
Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns.
Milton.
2. Increasing; growing.
O, I see the crescent promise of my spirit hath not
set.
Tennyson.
Cres"cent, v. t. 1. To form
into a crescent, or something resembling a crescent.
[R.]
Anna Seward.
2. To adorn with crescents.
Cres*cen"tic (kr?s-s?n"t?k), a.
Crescent-shaped. \'bdCrescentic lobes.\'b8
R. Owen.
Cres"cent*wise` (kr?s"sent-w?z`),
adv. In the form of a crescent; like a
crescent.
Tennyson.
Cres"cive (kr?s"s?v), a. [L.
crescere to increase.] Increasing;
growing. [R.]
Unseen, yet crescive in his faculty.
Shak.
Cre"sol (kr?"s?l), n. [From
Creosote.] (Chem.) Any one of
three metameric substances, CH3.C6H4.OH,
homologous with and resembling phenol. They are obtained from
coal tar and wood tar, and are colorless, oily liquids or solids.
[Called also cresylic
acid.]
Cre*sor"cin (kr?-s?r"s?n), n.
(Chem.) Same as Isorcin.
Cress (kr?s), n.; pl.
Cresses (kr. [OE.
ces, cresse, kers,
kerse, AS. cresse, cerse; akin
to D. kers, G. kresse, Dan.
karse, Sw. krasse, and possibly also to
OHG. chresan to creep.] (Bot.) A
plant of various species, chiefly cruciferous. The leaves have a
moderately pungent taste, and are used as a salad and
antiscorbutic.
peppergrass, is the Lepidium
sativum; the water cress is the Nasturtium
officinale. Various other plants are sometimes called
cresses.
To strip the brook with mantling cresses
spread.
Goldsmith.
Bitter cress. See under Bitter.
-- Not worth a cress, \'bdnot
worth a kers.\'b8 a common old proverb,
now turned into the meaningless \'bdnot worth a
curse.\'b8
Skeat.
Cres*selle" (kr?s-s?l"), n. [F.
cr\'82celle rattle.] (Eccl.) A
wooden rattle sometimes used as a substitute for a bell, in the
Roman Catholic church, during the latter part of Holy Week, or
the last week of Lent.
Cres"set (kr?s"s?t), n. [OF.
crasset, cresset, sort of lamp or torch;
perh. of Dutch or German origin, and akin to E. cruse,
F. creuset crucible, E. crucible.]
1. An open frame or basket of iron, filled with
combustible material, to be burned as a beacon; an open lamp or
firrepan carried on a pole in nocturnal processions.
Starry lamps and blazing cressets, fed
With naphtha and asphaltus.
Milton.
As a cresset true that darts its length
Of beamy luster from a tower of strength.
Wordsworth.
2. (Coopering) A small furnace or iron
cage to hold fire for charring the inside of a cask, and making
the staves flexible.
Knight.
Cress"y (kr?s"?), a. Abounding
in cresses.
The cressy islets white in flower.
Tennyson.
Crest (kr?st), n. [OF.
creste, F. cr, L.
crista.]
1. A tuft, or other excrescence or natural
ornament, growing on animal's head; the comb of a cock; the
swelling on the head of a serpent; the lengthened feathers of the
crown or nape of bird, etc.
Darwin.
[Attack] his rising crest, and drive the serpent
back.
C. Pitt.
2. The plume of feathers, or other decoration, worn
on a helmet; the distinctive ornament of a helmet, indicating the
rank of the weare; hence, also, the helmet.
Stooping low his lofty crest.
Sir W. Scott.
And on his head there stood upright
A crest, in token of a knight.
Gower.
3. (Her.) A bearing worn, not upon the
shield, but usually above it, or separately as an ornament for
plate, liveries, and the like. It is a relic of the ancient
cognizance. See Cognizance, 4.
4. The upper curve of a horse's neck.
Throwing the base thong from his bending crest.
Shak.
5. The ridge or top of wave.
Like wave with crest of sparkling foam.
Sir W. Scott.
6. The summit of a hill or mountain ridge.
7. The helm or head, as typical of a high spirit;
pride; courage.
Now the time is come
That France must vail her lofty plumed crest.
Shak.
8. (Arch.) The ornamental finishing
which surmounts the ridge of a roof, canopy, etc.
The finials of gables and pinnacles are sometimes called
crest.
Parker.
9. (Engin.) The top line of a slope or
embankment.
Crest tile, a tile made to cover the ridge of
a roof, fitting upon it like a saddle. -- Interior
crest (Fort.), the highest line of the
parapet.
Crest, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Crested; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cresting.] 1. To furnish with,
or surmount as, a crest; to serve as a crest for.
<-- p. 344 -->
His legs bestrid the ocean, his reared arm
Crested the world.
Shak.
Mid groves of clouds that crest the mountain's
brow.
Wordsworth.
2. To mark with lines or streaks, like, or regarded
as like, waving plumes.
Like as the shining sky in summer's night, . . .
Is crested with lines of fiery light.
Spenser.
Crest (kr?st), v. i. To form a
crest.
Crest"ed (kr?st"?d), a. 1.
Having a crest.
But laced crested helm.
Dryden.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a crest of feathers
or hair upon the head. \'bdThe crested bird.\'b8
Dryden.
3. (Bott.) Bearing any elevated
appendage like a crest, as an elevated line or ridge, or a
tuft.
Gray.
Crest"fall`en (-f?l`'n), a.
1. With hanging head; hence, dispirited; dejected;
cowed.
Let it make thee crestfullen;
Ay, and allay this thy abortive pride.
Shak.
2. Having the crest, or upper part of the neck,
hanging to one side; -- said of a horse.
Crest"ing, n. (Arch.) An
ornamental finish on the top of a wall or ridge of a roof.
Crest"less, a. Without a crest or
escutcheon; of low birth. \'bdCrestless
yeomen.\'b8
Shak.
Cre*syl"ic (kr?-s?l"?k), a.
[From Creosote.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, cresol, creosote, etc.
Cresylic acid. (Chem.) See
Cresol.
Cre*ta"ceous (kr?-t?"sh?s), a.
[L. cretaceus, fr. creta chalk. See
Crayon.] Having the qualities of
chalk;abounding with chalk; chalky; as, cretaceous
rocks and formations. See Chalk.
Cretaceous acid, an old name for carbonic
acid. -- Cretaceous formation (Geol.),
the series of strata of various kinds, including beds of
chalk, green sand, etc., formed in the Cretaceous period; --
called also the chalk formation. See the
Diagram under Geology. -- Cretaceous
period (Geol.), the time in the latter part
of the Mesozoic age during which the Cretaceous formation was
deposited.
Cre*ta"ceous*ly, adv. In a chalky
manner; as chalk.
Cre"tan (kr?"tan), a.
Pertaining to Crete, or Candia. -- n.
A native or inhabitant of Crete or Candia.
Crete (kr?t), n. [L.
Cres, Cretis.] A Cretan
Cre"tian (kr?"shan), a. &
n. See Cretan.
Cre"tic (kr?"t?k), n. [L.
Creticus (sc. pes foot), Gr.
(Gr. & Lat. Pros.) A
poetic foot, composed of one short syllable between two long ones
(-
Bentley.
Cre"ti*cism (-t?-s?z'm), n.
Falsehood; lying; cretism.
Cre"tin (kr?"t?n), n. [F.
cr\'82tin; of uncertain origin.] One
afflicted with cretinism.
Cre"tin*ism (kr?"t?n-\'b5z'm), n.
[F. cr.] A condition of
endemic or inherited idiocy, accompanied by physical degeneracy
and deformity (usually with goiter), frequent in certain mountain
valleys, esp. of the Alps.
Cre"tin*ous (-?s), a. Having
the characteristics of a cretin. \'bdCretinous
stupefaction.\'b8
Ruskin.
Cre"tism (kr?"t?z'm), n. [Gr.
Titus i. 12.] A Cretan practice; iying; a
falsehood.
Cre*tonne" (kr?-t?n"), n. [F.,
gr. Creton, its first manufacturer.] 1.
A strong white fabric with warp of hemp and welt of
flax.
2. A fabric with cotton warp and woolen weft.
3. A kind of chintz with a glossy surface.
Cre"tose (kr?"t?s), a. [L.
cretosus, fr. creta chalk.]
Chalky; cretaceous. [Obs.]
Ash.
Creut"zer (kroitn. See Kreutzer.
\'d8Creux (kr?), n. [F.,
adj., hollow, n., a hollow.]
Used in English only in the expression en creux.
Thus, engraving en creux is engraving in intaglio, or
by sinking or hollowing out the design.
\'d8Cre`val*le" (kr?`v?l-l?"), n.
[Prob. of same origin as cavally. See
Cavally.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The cavally or jurel. See Cavally, and
Jurel. (b) The pompano (Trachynotus
Carolinus).
\'d8Cre`vasse" (kr?`v?s"), n.
[F. See Crevice.] 1. A deep
crevice or fissure, as in embankment; one of the clefts or
fissure by which the mass of a glacier is divided.
2. A breach in the levee or embankment of a river,
caused by the pressure of the water, as on the lower
Mississippi. [U.S.]
Crev"et (kr?v"?t), n. [Cf.
Creut.] A crucible or melting pot; a
cruset.
Crabb.
Crev"ice (kr?v"?s), n. [OE.
crevace, crevice. F. crevasse,
fr. crever to break, burst, fr. L. crepare
to crack,break. Cf. Craven, Crepitate,
Crevasse.] A narrow opening resulting from a
split or crack or the separation of a junction; a cleft; a
fissure; a rent.
The mouse,
Behind the moldering wainscot, shrieked,
Or from the crevice peered about.
Tennyson.
Crev"ice, v. t. To crack; to flaw.
[R.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Crev"iced (-?st), a. Having a
crevice or crevices; as, a creviced structure for
storing ears of corn.
Trickling through the creviced rock.
J. Cunningham.
Crev"is (-?s), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The crawfish. [Prov.
Eng.]
Crew (kr?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The Manx shearwater.
Crew (kr?), n. [From older
accrue accession, reAccrue, Crescent.]
1. A company of people associated together; an
assemblage; a throng.
There a noble crew
Of lords and ladies stood on every side.
Spenser.
Faithful to whom? to thy rebellious crew?
Milton.
2. The company of seamen who man a ship, vessel, or
at; the company belonging to a vessel or a boat.
crew, in law, is ordinarily used
as equivalent to ship's company, including master and
other officers. When the master and other officers are excluded,
the context always shows it.
Story. Burrill.
3. In an extended sense, any small body of men
associated for a purpose; a gang; as (Naut.), the
carpenter's crew; the boatswain's
crew.
Syn. -- Company; band; gang; horde; mob; herd; throng;
party.
Crew (kr?), imp. of
Crow.
Crew"el (kr?"?l), n. [Perh. for
clewel, dim. of clew a ball of thread; or
cf. D. krul curl, E. curl.
Worsted yarn,, slackly twisted, used for
embroidery.
Crew"el*work` (-w?rk`), n.
Embroidery in crewels, commonly done upon some plain
material, such as linen.
Crew"et (kr?"?t), n. See
Cruet.
Crib (kr?b), n. [AS.
crybb; akin to OS. kribbja, D.
krib, kribbe, Dan. krybbe, G.
krippe, and perh. to MHG. krebe basket, G,
korb, and E. rip a sort of wicker
basket.]
1. A manger or rack; a feeding place for
animals.
The steer lion at one crib shall meet.
Pope.
2. A stall for oxen or other cattle.
Where no oxen are, the crib is clean.
Prov. xiv. 4.
3. A small inclosed bedstead or cot for a
child.
4. A box or bin, or similar wooden structure, for
storing grain, salt, etc.; as, a crib for corn or
oats.
5. A hovel; a hut; a cottage.
Why rather, Sleep, liest thou in smoky cribs, . . .
Than in the perfumed chambers of the great?
Shak.
6. (Mining) A structure or frame of
timber for a foundation, or for supporting a roof, or for lining
a shaft.
7. A structure of logs to be anchored with stones;
-- used for docks, pier, dams, etc.
8. A small raft of timber.
[Canada]
9. A small theft; anything purloined;; a
plagiaris
[Colloq.]
The Latin version technically called a crib.
Ld. Lytton.
Occasional perusal of the Pagan writers, assisted by a
crib.
Wilkie Collins.
10. A miner's luncheon. [Cant]
Raymond.
11. (Card Playing) The discarded cards
which the dealer can use in scoring points in cribbage.
Crib, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Cribbed (kr?bd); p.pr. & vb.
n. Cribbing.] 1. To shut
up or confine in a narrow habitation; to cage; to cramp.
If only the vital energy be not cribbed or
cramped.
I. Taylor.
Now I am cabin'd, cribbed, confined.
Shak.
2. To pilfer or purloin; hence, to steal from an
author; to appropriate; to plagiarize; as, to crib a
line from Milton. [Colloq.]
Child, being fond of toys, cribbed the
necklace.
Dickens.
Crib, v. i. 1. To crowd
together, or to be confined, as in a crib or in narrow
accommodations. [R.]
Who sought to make . . . bishops to crib in a
Presbyterian trundle bed.
Gauden.
2. To make notes for dishonest use in recitation or
examination. [College Cant]
3. To seize the manger or other solid object with
the teeth and draw in wind; -- said of a horse.
Crib"bage (kr?b"?j), n. [From
Crib, v. t., 2.] A game of cards,
played by two or four persons, in which there is a crib. (See
Crib, 11.) It is characterized by a great variety of
chances.
A man's fancy would be summed up in cribbage.
John Hall.
Cribbage board, a board with holes and pegs,
used by cribbage players to score their game.
{ Crib"er (kr?b"?r), Crib"-bit`er
(-b?t"?r) }, n. A horse that has
the habit of cribbing.
Crib"bing (kr?b"b?ng), n.
1. The act of inclosing or confining in a crib or
in close quarters.
2. Purloining; stealing; plagiarizing.
[Colloq.]
3. (Mining) A framework of timbers and
plank backing for a shaft lining, to prevent caving, percolation
of water, etc.
4. A vicious habit of a horse; crib-biting. The
horse lays hold of the crib or manger with his teeth and draws
air into the stomach with a grunting sound.
Crib"-bit`ing (kr?b"b?t`?ng), n.
Same as Cribbing, 4.
Crib"ble (kr?b"b'l), n. [F.
crible, LL. criblus sieve, fr. L.
cribrum.] 1. A coarse sieve or
screen.
2. Coarse flour or meal. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Crib"ble, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cribbled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cribbling (-bl?ng).]
[Cf. F. cribler.] To cause to pass
through a sieve or riddle; to sift.
Crib"ble, a. Coarse; as,
cribble bread. [Obs.]
Huloet.
\'d8Cri*bel"lum (kr?b?l"l?m), n.
[L., a small sieve, dim. of cribrum sieve.]
(Zo\'94l.) A peculiar perforated organ of certain
spiders (Ciniflonid\'91), used for spinning a special
kind of silk.
Crib"rate (kr?b"r?t), a. [L.
cribratus, p.p. of cribrare to sift, fr.
cribrum a sieve.] Cribriform.
Cri*bra"tion (kr?-br?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. cribration, fr. L. cribrare
to sift. See Cribble, n.]
(Pharmacy) The act or process of separating the
finer parts of drugs from the coarser by sifting.
Crib"ri*form (kr?b"r?f?rm), a.
[L. cribrum sieve + -form: cf. F.
cribriforme.] Resembling, or having the
form of, a sieve; pierced with hokes; as, the
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone; a
cribriform compress.
Cribriform cells (Bot.), those
which have here and there oblique or transverse sieve plates, or
places perforated with many holes.
Crib"rose (kr?b"r?s), a. [L.
cribrum sieve.] Perforated like a sieve;
cribriform.
Cric (kr?k), n. [prob. fr. F.
cric a jackscrew.] The ring which turns
inward and condenses the flame of a lamp.
Knight.
Crick (kr?k), n. [See
Creak.] The creaking of a door, or a noise
resembling it. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Crick, n. [The same as creek
a bending, twisting. See Creek, Crook.]
1. A painful, spasmodic affection of the muscles of
some part of the body, as of the neck or back, rendering it
difficult to move the part.
To those also that, with a crick or cramp, have
thei necks drawn backward.
Holland.
2. [Cf. F. cric.] A small
jackscrew.
Knight.
Crick"et (kr?k"?t), n. [OE.
criket, OF. crequet, criquet;
prob. of German origin, and akin to E. creak; cf. D.
kriek a cricket. See Creak.]
(Zo\'94l.) An orthopterous insect of the genus
Gryllus, and allied genera. The males make chirping,
musical notes by rubbing together the basal parts of the veins of
the front wings.
Gryllus
domesticus; the common large black crickets of America are
G. niger, G. neglectus, and others.
Balm cricket. See under Balm. --
Cricket bird, a small European bird (Silvia
locustella); -- called also grasshopper
warbler. -- Cricket frog, a small
American tree frog (Acris gryllus); -- so called from
its chirping.
Crick"et, n. [AS. cricc,
crycc, crooked staff, crutch. Perh. first used in
sense 1, a stool prob. having been first used as a wicket. See
Crutch.] 1. A low stool.
2. A game much played in England, and sometimes in
America, with a ball, bats, and wickets, the players being
arranged in two contesting parties or sides.
3. (Arch.) A small false roof, or the
raising of a portion of a roof, so as to throw off water from
behind an obstacle, such as a chimney.
Crick"et, v. i. To play at
cricket.
Tennyson.
Crick"et*er (kr?k"?t-?r), n.
One who plays at cricket.
Cri"coid (kr?"koid), a. [Gr.
-oid.] (Anat.)
Resembling a ring; -- said esp. of the cartilage at the
larynx, and the adjoining parts.
Cri`co*thy"roid (-k?-th?"roid), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining both to the cricoid and
the thyroid cartilages.
Cried (kr?d), imp. & p. p. of
Cry.
Cri"er (kr?"?r), n. [Cf. F.
crieur. See Cry.] One who cries;
one who makes proclamation. Specifically, an officer who proclams
the orders or directions of a court, or who gives public notice
by loud proclamation; as, a town-crier.
He openeth his mouth like a crier.
Ecclus. xx. 15.
Crime (kr?m), n.[F.
crime, fr. L. crimen judicial decision,
that which is subjected to such a decision, charge, fault, crime,
fr. the root of cernere to decide judicially. See
Certain.] 1. Any violation of law,
either divine or human; an omission of a duty commanded, or the
commission of an act forbidden by law.
2. Gross violation of human law, in distinction
from a misdemeanor or trespass, or other slight offense. Hence,
also, any aggravated offense against morality or the public
welfare; any outrage or great wrong. \'bdTo part error from
crime.\'b8
Tennyson.
Crimes, in the English common law, are
grave offenses which were originally capitally punished (murder,
rape, robbery, arson, burglary, and larceny), as distinguished
from misdemeanors, which are offenses of a lighter grade. See
Misdemeanors.
3. Any great wickedness or sin; iniguity.
Nocrime was thine, if 'tis no crime to
love.
Pope.
4. That which occasion crime.
[Obs.]
The tree of life, the crime of our first father's
fall.
Spenser.
Capital crime, a crime punishable with
death.
Syn. -- Sin; vice; iniquity; wrong. --
Crime, Sin,Vice. Sin is
the generic term, embracing wickedness of every kind, but
specifically denoting an offense as committed against God.
Crime is strictly a violation of law either human or
divine; but in present usage the term is commonly applied to
actions contrary to the laws of the State. Vice is
more distinctively that which springs from the inordinate
indulgence of the natural appetites, which are in themselves
innocent. Thus intemperance, unchastity, duplicity, etc., are
vices; while murder, forgery, etc., which spring from
the indulgence of selfish passions, are
crimes.
Crime"ful (kr?m"f?l), a.
Criminal; wicked; contrary to law, right, or dury.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Crime"less, a. Free from crime;
innocent.
Shak.
Crim"i*nal (kr?m"?-nal), a.
[L. criminalis, fr. crimen: cf. F.
criminel. See Crime.] 1.
Guilty of crime or sin.
The neglect of any of the relative duties renders us
criminal in the sight of God.
Rogers.
2. Involving a crime; of the nature of a crime; --
said of an act or of conduct; as, criminal
carelessness.
Foppish and fantastic ornaments are only indications of vice,
not criminal in themselves.
Addison.
3. Relating to crime; -- opposed to
civil; as, the criminal code.
The officers and servants of the crown, violating the personal
liberty, or other right of the subject . . . were in some cases
liable to criminal process.
Hallam.
Criminal action (Law), an action or
suit instituted to secure conviction and punishment for a
crime. -- Criminal conversation (Law),
unlawful intercourse with a married woman; adultery; --
usually abbreviated, crim. con. -- Criminal
law, the law which relates to crimes.
Crim"i*nal, n. One who has commited a
crime; especially, one who is found guilty by verdict,
confession, or proof; a malefactor; a felon.
Crim"i*nal*ist, n. One versed in
criminal law. [R.]
<-- p. 345 -->
Crim`i*nal"i*ty (kr?m`?-n?l"?-t?),
n. [LL. criminalitas, fr. L.
criminalis. See Criminal.] The
quality or state of being criminal; that which constitutes a
crime; guiltiness; guilt.
This is by no means the only criterion of
criminality.
Blackstone.
Crim"i*nal*ly (kr?m"?-nal-l?),
adv. In violation of law; wickedly.
Crim"i*nal*ness, n. Criminality.
[R.]
Crim"i*nate (kr, v. t.
[imp & p. p. Criminated
(-n; p. pr. & vb. n.
Criminating (-n.]
[L. criminatus, p. p. of criminare,
criminari, to criminate, fr. crimen. See
Crime.] 1. To accuse of, or charge
with, a crime.
To criminate, with the heavy and ungrounded charge
of disloyalty and disaffection, an uncorrupt, independent, and
reforming parliament.
Burke.
2. To involve in a crime or in its consequences; to
render liable to a criminal charge.
Impelled by the strongest pressure of hope and fear to
criminate him.
Macaulay.
Crim`i*na"tion (kr?m`?-n?"sh?n), n.
[L. criminatio.] The act of accusing;
accusation; charge; complaint.
The criminations and recriminations of the adverse
parties.
Macaulay.
Crim"i*na*tive (kr?m"?-n?-t?v), a.
Charging with crime; accusing; criminatory.
R. North.
Crim"i*na*to*ry (-t?-r?), a.
Relating to, or involving, crimination; accusing; as, a
criminatory conscience.
Crim`i*nol"o*gy (-n?l"?-j?), n.
[L. crimen, crimenis, crime +
-logy.] A treatise on crime or the criminal
population. -- Crim`i*nol"o*gist
(-j, n.
Crim"i*nous (kr?m"?-n?s), a.
[L. criminosus, fr. crimen. See
Crime.] Criminal; involving great crime or
grave charges; very wicked; heinous. [Obs.]
Holland.
-- Crim"i*nous*ly, adv.. --
Crim"i*nous*ness,n.
[Obs.]
Crim"o*sin (kr?m"?-z?n), n.
[Obs.] See Crimson.
Crim (kr?mp), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Crimped (kr?mt;
215); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crimping.] [Akin to D.
krimpen to shrink, shrivel, Sw. krympa,
Dan. krympe, and to E. cramp. See
Cramp.] 1. To fold or plait in
regular undulation in such a way that the material will retain
the shape intended; to give a wavy apperance to; as, to
crimp the border of a cap; to crimp a
ruffle. Cf. Crisp.
The comely hostess in a crimped cap.
W. Irving.
2. To pinch and hold; to seize.
3. Hence, to entrap into the military or naval
service; as, to crimp seamen.
Coaxing and courting with intent to crimp him.
Carlyle.
4. (Cookery) To cause to contract, or to
render more crisp, as the flesh of a fish, by gashing it, when
living, with a knife; as, to crimp skate,
etc.
Crimping house, a low lodging house, into
which men are decoyed and plied with drink, to induce them to
ship or enlist as sailors or soldiers. -- Crimping
iron. (a) An iron instrument for crimping and
curling the hair. (b) A crimping machine.
-- Crimping machine, a machine with fluted rollers
or with dies, for crimping ruffles leather, iron, etc. --
Crimping pin, an instrument for crimping or
puckering the border of a lady's cap.
Crimp, a. 1. Easily crumbled;
friable; brittle. [R.]
Now the fowler . . . treads the crimp earth.
J. Philips.
2. Weak; inconsistent; contradictory.
[R.]
The evidance is crimp; the witnesses swear backward
and forward, and contradict themselves.
Arbuthnot.
Crimp, n. 1. A coal
broker. [Prov. Eng.]
De Foe.
2. One who decoys or entraps men into the military
or naval service.
Marryat.
3. A keeper of a low lodging house where sailors
and emigrants are entrapped and fleeced.
4. Hair which has been crimped; -- usually in
pl.
5. A game at cards. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Boot crimp. See under Boot.
Crimp"age (-?j), n. The act or
practice of crimping; money paid to a crimp for shipping or
enlisting men.
Crimp"er (-?r), n. One who, or
that which, crimps; as: (a) A curved board or frame over
which the upper of a boot or shoe is stretched to the required
shape. (b) A device for giving hair a wavy apperance.
(c) A machine for crimping or ruffling textile
fabrics.
Crim"ple (kr?m"p'l), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Crimpled
(-p'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Crimpling
(-pl?ng).] [Dim. of crimp,
v. t. ] To cause to shrink or draw together; to
contract; to curl. [R.]
Wiseman.
Crimp"y (kr?mp"?), a. Having a
crimped appearance; frizzly; as, the crimpy wool of
the Saxony sheep.
Crim"son (kr?m"z'n), n. [OE.
crimson, OF. crimoisin, F.
cramoisi (cf. Sp. carmesi.) LL.
carmesinus, fr. Ar. qermazi, fr.
qermez crimson, kermes, fr. Skr. k
produced by a worm; k worm or insect +
jan to generate; akin to E. kin. CF.
Carmine, Kermes.] A deep red color
tinged with blue; also, red color in general.
Theugh jour be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow;
though they be red like crimson, they shall be as
wool.
Is. i. 18.
A maid jet rosed over with the virgin crimson of
modesty.
Shak.
Crim"son, a. Of a deep red color tinged
with blue; deep red. \'bdA crimson tide.\'b8
Mrs. Hemans.
The blushing poppy with a crimson hue.
Prior.
Crim"son, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Crimsoned (-z'nd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Crimsoning.] To dye with
crimson or deep red; to redden.
Signed in thy spoil and crimsoned in thy lethe.
Shak.
Crim"son, b. t. To become crimson; to
blush.
Ancient towers . . . beginning to crimson with the
radiant luster of a cloudless July morning.
De Quincey.
Cri"nal (kr?"nal), a.
[L. crinalis, fr. crinis the
hair.] Of or pertaining to the hair.
[R.]
Blount.
Cri"na*ted (kr?"n?-t?d), a.
Having hair; hairy.
Cri"na*to*ry (kr?"n?-t?-r?), a.
Crinitory.
Craig.
Crin"cum (kr?n"k?m), n. [Cf.
Crinkle.] A twist or bend; a turn; a
whimsey. [Colloq.]
Hudibras.
Crin"cum-cran"cum (kr?n"k?m-kr?n"k?m),
n. A twist; a whimsey or whim.
[Colloq.]
Crined (kr?nd), a. [L.
crinis hair.] (Her.) Having the
hair of a different tincture from the rest of the body; as, a
charge crined of a red tincture.
{ Cri"nel (kr?"nEl), Cri"net
(kr?"n?t), } n. [L.
crinis hair.] A very fine, hairlike
feather.
Booth.
Cringe (kr?nj), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Crnged
(kr?njd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cringing.] [As. crincgang,
cringan, crincan, to jield, fall; akin to
E. crank.] To draw one's self together as
in fear or servility; to bend or crouch with base humility; to
wince; hence; to make court in a degrading manner; to fawn.
When they were come up to the place where the lions were, the
boys that went before were glad to cringe behind, for
they were afraid of the lions.
Bunyan.
Sly hypocrite, . . . who more than thou
Once fawned and cringed, and servilely adored
Heaven's awful monarch?
Milton.
Flatterers . . . are always bowing and
cringing.
Arbuthnot.
Cringe, v. t. To contract; to draw
together; to cause to shrink or wrinkle; to distort.
[Obs.]
Till like a boy you see him cringe his face,
And whine aloud for mercy.
Shak.
Cringe, n. Servile civility; fawning; a
shrinking or bowing, as in fear or servility. \'bdWith
cringe and shrug, and bow obsequious.\'b8
Cowper.
Cringe"ling, n. One who cringes meanly;
a fawner.
Crin"ger (kr?n"j?r), n. One who
cringes.
Crin"ging*ly, adv. In a cringing
manner.
Crin"gle (kr?n"g'l), n. [Icel.
kringla orb; akin to kring around, and to
D. kring circle, and to E. cringe,
crank.] 1. A withe for fastening a
gate.
2. (Naut.) An iron or pope thimble or
grommet worked into or attached to the edges and corners of a
sail; -- usually in the plural. The cringles are used for making
fast the bowline bridles, earings, etc.
Crin`i*cul"tur*al (kr?n`?-k?l"t?r-a]/>l; 135),
a. [L. crinis hair +
cultura.] Relating to the growth of
hair. [R.]
Cri*nig"er*ous (kr?-n?j"?r-?s), a.
[L. criniger; crinis hair +
gerere to bear.] Bearing hair; hairy.
[R.]
Cri"ni*tal (kr?"n?-tal), a.
Same as Crinite, 1.
He the star crinital adoreth.
Stanyhurst.
Cri"nite (kr?"n?t), a. [L.
crinitus, p. p. of
crinire to provide or cover with hair, fr.
crinis hair.] 1. Having the
appearance of a tuft of hair; having a hairlike tail or
train. \'bdComate, crinite, caudate stars.\'b8
2. (Bot.) Bearded or tufted with
hairs.
Gray.
Cri"ni*to*ry (kr?"n?-t?-r?), a.
Of or relating to hair; as, a crinitory
covering.
T. Hook.
Crin"kle (kr?n"k'l), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Crinkled
(-k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Crinkling
(-kl?ng).] [A dim., fr. the root of
cringe; akin to D. krinkelen to wind or
twist. Cf. Cringle, Cringe.] To form
with short turns, bends, or wrinkles; to mold into inequalites or
sinuosities; to cause to wrinkle or curl.
The houscrinkled to and fro.
Chaucer.
Her face all bowsy,
Comely crinkled,
Wondrously wrinkled.
Skelton.
The flames through all the casements pushing forth,
Like red-not devils crinkled into snakes.
Mrs. Browning.
Crin"kle, v. i. To turn or wind; ti run
in and out in many short bends or turns; to curl; to run in
wavws; to wrinkle; also, to rustle, as stiff cloth when
moved.
The green wheat crinkles like a lake.
L. T. Trowbridge.
And all the rooms
Were full of crinkling silks.
Mrs. Browning.
Crin"kle, n. A winding or turn; wrinkle;
sinuosity.
The crinkles in this glass, making objects appear
double.
A. Tucker.
Crin"kled (kr?n"k'ld), a.
Having short bends, turns, or wrinkles; wrinkled; wavy;
zigzag. \'bdThe crinkled lightning.\'b8
Lowell.
Crin"kly (-kl?), a. Having
crinkles; wavy; wrinkly.
Cri"noid (kr?"noid), a.
[See Crinoidea.]
(Zo\'94l.) Crinoidal. --
n. One of the Crinoidea.
Cri*noid"al (kr?-noidal),
a. (Zo\'94l.) Of pertaining to
crinoids; consisting of, or containing, crinoids.
\'d8Cri*noid"e*a (kr?-noid"?-?), n.
pl. [NL., from Gr. -oid: cf. F. crino.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large class of Echinodermata,
including numerous extinct families and genera, but comparatively
few living ones. Most of the fossil species, like some that are
recent, were attached by a jointed stem. See Blastoidea,
Cystoidea, Comatula.
Cri*noid"e*an (-an), n.
(Zo\'94l) One of the Crinoidea.
Crin"o*line (kr?n"?-l?n), n.
[F., fr. crin hair,L. crinis.]
1. A kind of stiff cloth, used chiefly by women,
for underskirts, to expand the gown worn over it; -- so called
because originally made of hair.
2. A lady's skirt made of any stiff material;
latterly, a hoop skirt.
Cri*nose" (kr?-n?s"), a. [L.
crinis hair.] Hairy.
[R.]
Cri*nos"i*ty (kr?-n?s"?-t?), n.
Hairiness. [R.]
\'d8Cri"num (kr?"n?m), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus
of bulbous plants, of the order Amaryllidace,
cultivated as greenhouse plants on account of their beauty.
\'d8Cri"o*sphinx` (kr?"?-sf?nks`),
n. [Gr. A sphinx with the head of a ram.
Crip"ple (kr?p"p'l), n. [OE.
cripel, crepel, crupel, AS.
crypel (akin to D. kreuple, G.
kr, Dan. kr, Icel.
kryppill), prop., one that can not walk, but must
creep, fr. AS. cre to creep. See
Creep.] One who creeps, halts, or limps; one
who has lost, or never had, the use of a limb or limbs; a lame
person; hence, one who is partially disabled.
I am a cripple in my limbs; but what decays are in
my mind, the reader must determine.
Dryden.
Crip"ple (kr?p"p'l), a. Lame;
halting. [R.] \'bdThe cripple,
tardy-gaited night.\'b8
Shak.
Crip"ple, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Crippled (-p'ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Crippling (-pl?ng).]
1. To deprive of the use of a limb, particularly of
a leg or foot; to lame.
He had crippled the joints of the noble child.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To deprive of strength, activity, or capability
for service or use; to disable; to deprive of resources; as,
to be financially crippled.
More serious embarrassments . . . were crippling
the energy of the settlement in the Bay.
Palfrey.
An incumbrance which would permanently cripple the
body politic.
Macaulay.
Crip"pled (kr?p"p'ld), a.
Lamed; lame; disabled; impeded. \'bdThe
crippled crone.\'b8
Longfellow.
Crip"ple*ness, n. Lameness.
[R.]
Johnson.
Crip"pler (-pl?r), n. A wooden
tool used in graining leather.
Knight.
Crip"pling (-pl?ng), n. Spars
or timbers set up as a support against the side of a
building.
Crip"ply (-pl?), a. Lame;
disabled; in a crippled condition. [R.]
Mrs. Trollope.
Cri"sis (kr?"s?s), n.; pl.
Crises (-s. [L.
crisis, Gr. Certain.] 1. The point
of time when it is to be decided whether any affair or course of
action must go on, or be modified or terminate; the decisive
moment; the turning point.
This hour's the very crisis of your fate.
Dryden.
The very times of crisis for the fate of the
country.
Brougham.
2. (Med.) That change in a disease which
indicates whether the result is to be recovery or death;
sometimes, also, a striking change of symptoms attended by an
outward manifestation, as by an eruption or sweat.
Till some safe crisis authorize their skill.
Dryden.
Crisp (kr?sp), a. [AS.
crisp, fr. L. crispus; cf.
carpere to pluck, card (wool), and E.
harvest. Cf. Crape.] 1.
Curling in stiff curls or ringlets; as, crisp
hair.
2. Curled with the ripple of the water.
[Poetic]
You numphs called Naiads, of the winding brooks . . .
Leave jour crisp channels.
Shak.
3. Brittle; friable; in a condition to break with a
short, sharp fracture; as, crisp snow.
The cakes at tea ate short and crisp.
Goldsmith.
4. Possessing a certain degree of firmness and
freshness; in a fresh, unwilted condition.
It [laurel] has been plucked nine months, and yet looks as
hale and crisp as if it would last ninety years.
Leigh Hunt.
5. Lively; sparking; effervescing.
Your neat crisp claret.
Beau & Fl.
6. Brisk; crackling; cheerful; lively.
The snug, small room, and the crisp fire.
Dickens.
Crisp, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Crisped (kr?spt); p. pr. & vb.
n. Crisping.] [L.
crispare, fr. crispus. See Crisp.
a. ] 1. To curl; to form into
ringlets, as hair, or the nap of cloth; to interweave, as the
branches of trees.
2. To cause to undulate irregularly, as crape or
water; to wrinkle; to cause to ripple. Cf. Crimp.
The lover with the myrtle sprays
Adorns his crisped tresses.
Drayton.
Along the crisped shades and bowers.
Milton.
The crisped brooks,
Rolling on orient pearl and sands of gold.
Milton.
3. To make crisp or brittle, as in cooking.
Crisping iron, an instrument by which hair or
any textile fabric is crisped. -- Crisping pin,
the simplest form of crisping iron. Is. iii.
22.
Crisp, v. i. To undulate or ripple. Cf.
Crisp, v. t.
To watch the crisping ripples on the beach.
Tennuson.
Crisp, n. That which is crisp or
brittle; the state of being crisp or brittle; as, burned to a
crisp; specifically, the rind of roasted pork;
crackling.
{ Cris"pate (kr?s"p?t),
Cris"pa*ted (-p?-t?d), } a.
[L. crispatus, p. p. of
crispare.] Having a crisped appearance;
irregularly curled or twisted.
Cris*pa"tion (kr?s-p?"sh?n), n.
[CF. F. crispation.] 1. The
act or process of curling, or the state of being curled.
Bacon.
2. A very slight convulsive or spasmodic
contraction of certain muscles, external or internal.
Few men can look down from a great height without creepings
and crispations.
O. W. Holmes.
Cris"pa*ture (kr?s"p?-t?r; 135), n.
The state of being crispate.
Crisp"er (kr?s"p?r), n. One
who, or that which, crisps or curls; an instrument for making
little curls in the nap of cloth, as in chinchilla.
Cris"pin (kr?s"p?n), n. 1.
A shoemaker; -- jocularly so called from the patron sant of
the craft.
2. A member of a union or association of
shoemakers.
Crisp"ly (kr?sp"l?), adv. In a
crisp manner.
Crisp"ness, n. The state or quality of
being crisp.
Crisp"y (-?), a. 1.
Formed into short, close ringlets; frizzed; crisp; as,
crispy locks.
2. Crisp; brittle; as. a crispy pie
crust.
Cris"sal (kr?s"sal), a.
(Zo\'94l.) 1. Pertaining to the crissum;
as, crissal feathers.
2. Having highly colored under tail coverts;
as, the crissal thrasher.
Criss"cross` (kr?s"kr?s`; 115), n.
[A corruption of Christcross.] 1.
A mark or cross, as the signature of a person who is unable
to write.
2. A child's game played on paper or on a slate,
consisting of lines arranged in the form of a cross.
Criss"cross`, v. t. To mark or cover
with cross lines; as, a paper was crisscrossed with
red marks.
<-- p. 346 -->
Criss"cross` (kr?s"kr?s`;115), adv.
1. In opposite directions; in a way to cross
something else; crossing one another at various angles and in
various ways.
Logs and tree luing crisscross in utter
confusion.
W. E. Boardman.
2. With opposition or hindrance; at cross purposes;
contrarily; as, things go crisscross.
Criss"cross-row` (-r?`), n. See
Christcross-row.
\'d8Cris"sum (kr?s"s?m),, n.;
pl. Crissa (-s. [NL.; cf.
L. crisso to move the haunches.]
(Zo\'94l.) That part of a bird, or the feathers,
surrounding the cloacal opening; the under tail coverts.
Cris"tate (kr?s"t?t), a. [L.
ctistatus, fr. crista crest.]
(Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Crested.
Cri*te"ri*on (kr?-t?"r?-?n), n.;
pl. Criteria (-Criterions (-. [Gr.
Certain.] A standard of judging; any approved
or established rule or test, by which facts, principles opinions,
and conduct are tried in forming a correct judgment respecting
them.
Of the diseases of the mind there is no
criterion.
Donne.
Inferences founded on such enduring criteria.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
Syn. -- Standard; measure; rule.
Crith (kr?th), n. [Gr.
(Chem.)
The unit for estimating the weight of a
Crith"o*man`cu (kr?th"?-m?n`s?), n.
[Gr. -mancy: cf. F.
crithomancie.] A kind of divination by
means of the dough of the cakes offered in the ancient
sacrifices, and the meal strewed over the victims.
Crit"ic (kr?t"?k), n. [L.
criticus, Gr. able to discuss, from Certain, and cf. Critique.]
1. One skilled in judging of the merits of literary
or artistic works; a connoisseur; an adept; hence, one who
examines literary or artistic works, etc., and passes judgment
upon them; a reviewer.
The opininon of the most skillful critics was, that
nothing finer [than Goldsmith's \'bdTraveler\'b8] had appeared in
verse since the fourth book of the \'bdDunciad.\'b8
Macaulay.
2. One who passes a rigorous or captious judgment;
one who censures or finds fault; a harsh examiner or judge; a
caviler; a carper.
When an author has many beauties consistent with virtue,
piety, and truth, let not little critics exalt
themselves, and shower down their ill nature.
I. Watts.
You know who the critics are? the men who have
failed in literature and art.
Beaconsfield.
3. The art of criticism. [Obs.]
Locke.
4. An act of criticism; a critique.
[Obs.]
And make each day a critic on the last.
Pope.
Crit"ic, a. Of or pertaining to critics
or criticism; critical. [Obs.]
\'bdCritic learning.\'b8
Pope.
Crit"ic, v. i. [Cf. F.
critiquer.] To criticise; to play the
critic. [Obs.]
Nay, if you begin to critic once, we shall never
have done.
A. Brewer.
Crit"ic*al (kr?t"?-kal), a.
[See Critic, n., Crisis.]
1. Qualified to criticise, or pass judgment upon,
literary or artistic productions.
It is submitted to the judgment of more critical
ears to direct and determine what is graceful and what is
not.
Holder.
2. Pertaining to criticism or the critic's art; of
the nature of a criticism; accurate; as, critical
knowledge; a critical dissertation.
3. Inclined to make nice distinctions, or to
exercise careful judgment and selection; exact; nicely
judicious.
Virgil was so critical in the rites of religion.
that he would never have brought in such prayers as these, if
they had not been agreeable to the Roman customs.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
4. Inclined to criticise or find fault; fastidious;
captious; censorious; exacting.
O gentle lady, do not put me to 't,
For I am nothing, if not critical.
Shak.
5. Characterized by thoroughness and a reference to
principles, as becomes a critic; as, a critical
analysis of a subject.
6. [See Crisis.] Pertaining to,
or indicating, a crisis, turning point, or specially important
juncture; important as regards consequences; hence, of doubtful
issue; attended with risk; dangerous; as, the
critical stage of a fever; a critical
situation.
Our circumstances are indeed critical.
Burke.
The small moment, the exact point, the critical
minute, on which every good work so much depends.
South.
Critical angle (Optics), that angle
of incidence of a luminous ray at which it is wholly reflected,
and no portion of it transmitted. The sine of this angle is the
reciprocal of the refractive index of the medium. --
Critical philosophy, the metaphysical system of
Kant; -- so called from his most important work, the \'bdCritique
of Pure Reason.\'b8 -- Critical point
(Physics), a certain temperature, different for
different gases, but always the same for each gas, regarded as
the limit above which no amount of pressure can produce
condensation to a liquid.
Crit"ic*al*ly, adv. 1. In a
critical manner; with nice discernment; accurately;
exactly.
Critically to discern good writers from bad.
Dryden.
2. At a crisis; at a critical time; in a situation.
place, or condition of decisive consequence; as, a
fortification critically situated.
Coming critically the night before the session.
Bp. Burnet.
Crit"ic*al*ness, n. 1. The
state or quality of being critical, or of occurring at a critical
time.
2. Accuracy in examination or decision;
exactness.
Critt"ic*as`ter (kr?t"?k-?s`t?r), n.
A contemptible or vicious critic.
The rancorous and reptile crew of poeticules, who decompose
into criticasters.
Swinburne.
Crit"i*cis`a*ble (kr?t"?-s?z`?-b'l),
a. Capable of being criticised.
Crit"i*cise (kr?t"?-s?z), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Criticised
(-s?zd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Criticising.] [Written also, more
analogically, but less commonly, criticize.]
[Cf. G. kritisiren. See Critic.]
1. To examine and judge as a critic; to pass
literary or artistic judgment upon; as, to criticise
an author; to criticise a picture.
2. To express one's views as to the merit or
demerit of; esp., to animadvert upon; to find fault with; as,
to criticise conduct.
Blackwood's Mag.
Crit"i*cise, v. i. 1. To act as
a critic; to pass literary or artistic judgment; to play the
critic; -- formerly used with on or
upon.
Several of these ladies, indeed, criticised upon
the form of the association.
Addison.
2. To discuss the merits or demerits of a thing or
person; esp., to find fault.
Cavil you may, but never criticise.
Pope.
Crit"i*ci`ser (-s?`z?r), n. One
who criticises; a critic.
Crit"i*cism (kr?t"?-s?z'm), n.
1. The rules and principles which regulate the
practice of the critic; the art of judging with knowledge and
propriety of the beauties and faults of a literary performance,
or of a production in the fine arts; as, dramatic
criticism.
The elements ofcriticism depend on the two
principles of Beauty and Truth, one of which is the final end or
object of study in every one of its pursuits: Beauty, in letters
and the arts; Truth, in history and sciences.
Brande & C.
By criticism, as it was first instituted by
Aristotle, was meant a standard of judging well.
Dryden.
2. The act of criticising; a critical judgment
passed or expressed; a critical observation or detailed
examination and review; a critique; animadversion; censure.
About the plan of \'bdRasselas\'b8 little was said by the
critics; and yet the faults of the plan might seem to invite
severe criticism.
Macaulay.
Cri*tique" (kr?-t?k"), n. [F.
critique, f., fr. Gr. Critic.]
1. The art of criticism. [Written also
critic.] [R.]
2. A critical examination or estimate of a work of
literature or art; a critical dissertation or essay; a careful
and through analysis of any subject; a criticism; as, Kant's
\'bdCritique of Pure Reason.\'b8
I should as soon expect to see a critique on the
poesy of a ring as on the inscription of a medal.
Addison.
3. A critic; one who criticises.
[Obs.]
A question among critiques in the ages to come.
Bp. Lincoln.
Cri*tique", v. t. [Cf. Critic,
v.] To criticise or pass judgment
upon. [Obs.]
Pope.
Criz"zel (kr?z"z'l), n. [Cf.
grizzle darkish gray, or G. griselig
gravelly, granular, speckled.] A kind of roughness on
the surface of glass, which clouds its transparency.
[Written also crizzeling and
crizzle.]
Croak (kr?k), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Croaked. (krp. pr. & vb. n. Croaking.]
[From the primitive of AS. cracettan to croak as
a raven; akin to G. kr to croak, and to E.
creak, crake.] 1. To
make a low, hoarse noise in the throat, as a frog, a raven, or a
crow; hence, to make any hoarse, dismal sound.
Loud thunder to its bottom shook the bog,
And the hoarse nation croaked.
Pope.
2. To complain; especially, to grumble; to forebode
evil; to utter complaints or forebodings habitually.
Marat . . . croaks with reasonableness.
Carlyle.
Croak, v. t. To utter in a low, hoarse
voice; to announce by croaking; to forebode; as, to
croak disaster.
The raven himself is hoarse,
That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan.
Shak.
Two ravens now began to croak
Their nuptial song.
Wordsworth.
Croak, n. The coarse, harsh sound
uttered by a frog or a raven, or a like sound.
Croak"er (-?r), n. 1.
One who croaks, murmurs, grumbles, or complains
unreasonably; one who habitually forebodes evil.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small
American fish (Micropogon undulatus), of the Atlantic
coast. (a) An American fresh-water fish
(Aplodinotus grunniens); -- called also
drum. (c) The surf fish of
California.
crocus.
<-- geography needs complete update! -->
Cro"at (kr?"?t), n. [Cf.
Cravat.] 1. A native of Croatia, in
Austria; esp., one of the native Slavic race.
2. An irregular soldier, generally from
Croatia.
Cro*a"tian (kr?-?"shan), a.
Of or pertaining to Croatia. -- n.
A Croat.
Cro"ce*in (kr?"s?-?n), n. [See
Croceous.] (Chem.) A name given to
any one of several yellow or scarlet dyestuffs of artificial
production and complex structure. In general they are diazo and
sulphonic acid derivatives of benzene and naphthol.
Cro"ceous (kr?"sh?s), a. [L.
croceus, fr. crocus saffron. See
Crocus.] Of, pertaining to, or like, saffron;
deep reddish yellow. [R.]
Cro"ce*tin (kr?"s?-t?n), n.
(Chem.) A dyestuff, obtained from the Chinese
croicin, which produces a brilliant yellow.
Croche (kr?ch), n. [OF.
croche, equiv. to F. crochet,
croc, hook. See Crotchet,
Crook.] A little bud or knob at the top of a
deer's antler.
Cro*chet" (kr?-sh?"), n. [F.
crochet small hook. See Croche.] A
kind of knitting done by means of a hooked needle, with worsted,
silk, or cotton; crochet work. Commonly used adjectively.
Crochet hook, Crochet
needle, a small hook, or a hooked needle (often
of bone), used in crochet work.
Cro*chet", v. t. & i. [imp. &
p.p. Crocheted (sh?d"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Crocheting (-sh?"?ng).]
To knit with a crochet needle or hook; as, to
rochett a shawl.
Cro"ci*a*ry (kr?"sh?-?-r?), n.
[See Crosier.] (Eccl.) One
who carries the cross before an archbishop.
[Obs.]
Cro*cid"o*lite (kr?-s?d"?-l?t), n.
[Gr. kroky`s nap on cloth +
-lite.] (Min.) A mineral
occuring in silky fibers of a lavender blue color. It is related
to hornblende and is essentially a silicate of iron and soda; --
called also blue asbestus. A silicified form,
in which the fibers penetrating quartz are changed to oxide of
iron, is the yellow brown tiger-eye of the
jewelers.
Cro"cin (kr?"s?n), n. [Gr.
(Chem.) (a)
The coloring matter of Chinese yellow pods, the fruit of
Gardenia grandiflora. Watts.
(b) A red powder (called also
polychroite), which is made from the saffron
(Crocus sativus). See Polychroite.
Crock (kr?k), n. [Cf. W.
croeg cover, Scot. crochit covered.]
The loose black particles collected from combustion, as on
pots and kettles, or in a chimney; soot; smut; also, coloring
matter which rubs off from cloth.
Crock, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Crocked (kr?kt); p. pr. & vb.
n. Crocking.] To soil by contact,
as with soot, or with the coloring matter of badly dyed
cloth.
Crock, v. i. To give off crock or
smut.
Crock, n. A low stool. \'bdI . . .
seated her upon a little crock.\'b8
Tatler.
Crock (kr?k), n. [AS.
croc, croca, crog,
croh; akin to D. kruik, G. krug,
Icel. krukka, Dan. krukke, Sw.
kruka; but cf. W. crwc bucket, pail,
crochan pot, cregen earthen vessel, jar.
Cf. Cruet.] Any piece of crockery, especially
of coarse earthenware; an earthen pot or pitcher.
Like foolish flies about an honey crock.
Spenser.
Crock, v. t. To lay up in a crock;
as, to crock butter.
Halliwell.
Crock"er (-?r), n. A
potter. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Crock"er*y ( kr?k"?r-?), n.
[From Crock an earthen vessel.]
Earthenware; vessels formed of baked clay, especially the
coarser kinds.
Crock"et (kr?k"?t), n. [OF.
croquet, F. crochet, dim. of
croc hook. See Crook, and cf.
Crotchet.] 1. (Arch.) An
ornament often resembling curved and bent foliage, projecting
from the sloping edge of a gable, spire, etc.
2. A croche, or knob, on the top of a stag's
antler.
The antlers and the crockets.
W. Black.
Crock"et*ed, a. (Arch.)
Ornamented with crockets.
Crock"et*ing, n. (Arch.)
Ornamentation with crockets.
Ruskin.
Crock"y (-?), a. [From
Crock soot.] Smutty.
Croc"o*dile (kr?k"?-d?l; 277), n.
[L. crocodilus, Gr. crocodile. Cf. Cookatrice.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A large reptile of the
genus Crocodilus, of several species. They grow to the
length of sixteen or eighteen feet, and inhabit the large rivers
of Africa, Asia, and America. The eggs, laid in the sand, are
hatched by the sun's heat. The best known species is that of the
Nile (C. vulgaris, or C. Niloticus). The
Florida crocodile (C. Americanus) is much less common
than the alligator and has longer jaws. The name is also
sometimes applied to the species of other related genera, as the
gavial and the alligator.
2. (Logic) A fallacious dilemma,
mythically supposed to have been first used by a crocodile.
Crocodile bird (Zo\'94l.), an
African plover (Pluvianus \'91gypticus) which alights
upon the crocodile and devours its insect parasites, even
entering its open mouth (according to reliable writers) in
pursuit of files, etc.; -- called also Nile
bird. It is the trochilos of ancient
writers. -- Crocodile tears, false or
affected tears; hypocritical sorrow; -- derived from the fiction
of old travelers, that crocodiles shed tears over their
prey.
\'d8Croc`o*dil"i*a (-d?l"?-?), n.
pl. [NL., fr. L. crocodilus
crocodile.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of reptiles
including the crocodiles, gavials, alligators, and many extinct
kinds.
Croc`o*dil"i*an (kr?k`?-d?l"?-a]/>n),
a. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to,
the crocodile; characteristic of the crocodile. --
n. One of the Crocodilia.
Croc`o*dil"i*ty (-?-t?), n.
(Logic) A caption or sophistical mode of
arguing. [R.]
Cro"cois*ite (kr?"kois-?t), n.
[Cf. F. croco.] (Min.)
Same as Crocoite.
Cro"co*ite (kr?"k?-?t), n. [Gr.
(Min.) Lead chromate
occuring in crystals of a bright hyacinth red color; -- called
also red lead ore.
Cro"con*ate (kr?"k?n-?t), n.
(Chem.) A salt formed by the union of croconic
acid with a base.
Cro*con"ic (kr?-k?n"?k), a.
[Gr. 1. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling saffron; having the color of
saffron; as, croconic acid.
2. Pertaining to, or derived from, croconic
acid.
<-- p. 347 -->
Croconic acid (Chem.), a yellow
crystalline substance, C5O3(OH)2, obtained from
potassium carboxide, rhodizonic acid, and various phenol and
quinone derivatives of benzene, and forming yellow or orange
colored salts.
Cro"cose (kr?"k?s), n. [Gr.
(Chem.) A white
crystalline sugar, metameric with glucose, obtained from the
coloring matter of saffron. [Written also
crokose.]
Cro"cus (kr?"k?s), n. [L.,
saffron, fr. Gr. kark, Ar.
kurkum, Skr. ku.] 1.
(Bot.) A genus of iridaceous plants, with pretty
blossoms rising separately from the bulb or corm. C.
vernus is one of the earliest of spring-blooming flowers;
C. sativus produces the saffron, and blossoms in the
autumn.
2. (Chem.) A deep yellow powder; the
oxide of some metal calcined to a red or deep yellow color; esp.,
the oxide of iron (Crocus of Mars or
colcothar) thus produced from salts of irron, and used
as a polishing powder.
Crocus of Venus (Old Chem.), oxide
of copper.
Cr\'d2"sus (kr?"s?s), n. [L.,
fr. G. A king of Lydia who flourished
in the 6th century b. c., and was renowned for his vast
wealth; hence, a common appellation for a very rich man; as,
he is veritable Cr\'d2sus.
Croft (kr?ft; 115), n. [AS.
croft; akin to D. kroft hillock; cf. Gael.
croit hump, croft.] A small, inclosed
field, adjoining a house; a small farm.
A few small crofts of stone-encumbered ground.
Wordsworth.
Croft"er (-?r), n. One who
rents and tills a small farm or helding; as, the
crofters of Scotland.
Creft"ing, n. 1.
Croftland. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
2. (Textile Manuf.) Exposing linen to
the sun, on the grass, in the process of bleaching.
Croft"land (-l?nd), n. Land of
superior quality, on which successive crops are raised.
[Scot.]
Jamieson.
Crois (krois). n. [OF.]
See Cross, n. [Obs.]
{ Croi*sade" (kroi-s?d"),
Croi*sa"do (-s?"d?), } n.
[F. criosade. See Crusade.] A
holy war; a crusade. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Croise (krois), n. [F.
crois crusader, fr. OF. crois, F.
croix, cross. See Cross.] 1.
A pilgrim bearing or wearing a cross.
[Obs.]
2. A crusader. [Obs.]
The conquesta of the croises extending over
Palestine.
Burke.
\'d8Crois`san`te" (krw?`s?n`t?"), a.
[F. croissant, adj. & n.,
crescent.] (Her.) Terminated with crescent;
-- said of a cross the ends of which are so terminated.
Cro"ker (kr?"k?r), n. [Gr.
A cultivator of saffron; a dealer
in saffron. [Obs.]
Holinshed.
\'d8Cro"ma (kr?"m?), n.
[It.] (Mus.) A quaver.
[Obs.]
Crom"lech (kr?m"l\'b5k), n. [W.
cromlech; crom bending or bent, concave +
llech a flat stone; akin to Ir.
cromleac.] (Arch A
monument of rough stones composed of one or more large ones
supported in a horizontal position upon others. They are found
chiefly in countris inhabited by the ancient Celts, and are of a
period anterior to the introduction of Christianity into these
countries.
Cro*mor"na (kr?-m?r"n?), n. [F.
cromorne (cf. It. cromorno0, fr. G.
krummhorn crooked horn, cornet, an organ pipe turned
like a trumpet; krumm crooked + horn
horn.] (Mus.) A certain reed stop in the
organ, of a quality of tone resembling that of the oboe.
[Corruptly written cromona.]
Crone (kr?n), n. [OD.
kronie, karonie, an old sheep, OF.
carogne, F. charogne, carrion (also F.
carogne illnatured woman.). See Carrion, and
Crony.] 1. An old ewe.
[Obs.]
Tusser.
2. An old woman; -- usually in contempt.
But still the crone was constant to her note.
Dryden.
3. An old man; especially, a man who talks and acts
like an old woman. [R.]
The old crone [a negro man] lived in a hovel, . . .
which his master had given him.
W. Irving.
A few old battered crones of office.
Beaconsfield.
Cro"nel (kr?"n?l), n. [Cf.
Coronel spearhead, Crown.] The iron
head of a tilting spear.
Cro"net (kr?"n?t), n. [Cf.
Coronet, Crownet.] The coronet of a
horse.
Cro"ni*an (kr?"n?-a]/>n), a.
[Gr.
Saturnian; -- applied to the North Polar Sea.
[R.]
Milton.
Cron"stedt*ite (kr?n"st?t-?t), n.
(Min.) A mineral consisting principally of
silicate of iron, and crystallizing in hexagonal prisms with
perfect basal cleavage; -- so named from the Swedish mineralogist
Cronstedt.
Cro"ny (kr?"n?), n.; pl.
Cronies (-n. [Orig., an old
woman. See Crone.] 1. A crone.
[Obs.] \'bdMarry not an old crony.\'b8
Burton.
2. An intimate companion; a familiar frend.
[Colloq.]
He soon found his former cronies, though all rather
the worse for the wear and tear of time.
W. Irving.
Croo"dle (kr??"d'l), v. i. [Cf.
Cruddle, Crudle.] 1. To
cower or cuddle together, as from fear or cold; to lie close and
snug together, as pigs in straw. [Prov. Eng.]
Wright. Forby.
A dove to fly home her nest and croodle there.
C. Kingsley.
2. To fawn or coax. [Obs.]
3. To coo. [Scot.]
Crook (kr??k), n. [OE.
crok; akin to Icel. kr hook,bend, SW.
krok, Dan. krog, OD. krooke; or
cf. Gael. crecan crook, hook, W. crwca
crooked. Cf. Crosier, Crotchet,
Crutch, Encroach.] 1. A
bend, turn, or curve; curvature; flexure.
Through lanes, and crooks, and darkness.
Phaer.
2. Any implement having a bent or crooked end.
Especially: (a) The staff used by a shepherd, the hook
of which serves to hold a runaway sheep. (b) A bishop's
staff of office. Cf. Pastoral stafu.
He left his crook, he left his
flocks.
Prior.
3. A pothook. \'bdAs black as the
crook.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
4. An artifice; trick; tricky device;
subterfuge.
For all yuor brags, hooks, and crooks.
Cranmer.
5. (Mus.) A small tube, usually curved,
applied to a trumpet, horn, etc., to change its pitch or
key.
6. A person given to fraudulent practices; an
accomplice of thieves, forgers, etc. [Cant,
U.S.]
By hook or by crook, in some way or other; by
fair means or foul.
Crook (kr??k), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Crooked
(kr??kt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crooking.] [OE. croken; cf.
Sw. kr, Dan. kr. See Crook,
n.] 1. To turn from a straight
line; to bend; to curve.
Crook the pregnant hinges of the knee.
Shak.
2. To turn from the path of rectitude; to pervert;
to misapply; to twist. [Archaic]
There is no one thing that crooks youth more than
such unlawfull games.
Ascham.
What soever affairs pass such a man's hands, he
crooketh them to his own ends.
Bacon.
Crook, v. i. To bend; to curve; to wind;
to have a curvature. \'bd The port . . .
crooketh like a bow.\'b8
Phaer.
Their shoes and pattens are snouted, and piked more than a
finger long, crooking upwards.
Camden.
Crook"back` (kr??k"b?k), n. A
crooked back; one who has a crooked or deformed back; a
hunchback.
Crook"ack`, a. Hunched.
Shak. `
Crook"bill` ( -b?l`), n.
(Zo\'94l) A New Zealand plover (Anarhynchus
frontalis), remarkable for having the end of the beak
abruptly bent to the right.
Crook"ed (kr??k"?d), a. 1.
Characterized by a crook or curve; not straight; turning;
bent; twisted; deformed. \'bdCrooked paths.\'b8
Locke.
he is deformed, crooked, old, and sere.
Shak.
2. Not straightforward; deviating from rectitude;
distorted from the right.
They are a perverse and crooked generation.
Deut. xxxii. 5.
3. False; dishonest; fraudulent; as,
crooked dealings.
Crooked whisky, whisky on wich the paiment of
duty has been fraudulently evaded. [Slang,
U.S.]
Barlett.
Crook"ed*ly, adv. In a curved or crooked
manner; in a perverse or untoward manner.
Crook"ed*ness, n. The condition or
quality of being crooked; hence, deformity of body or of mind;
deviation from moral rectitude; perverseness.
Crook"en (kr??k"'n), v. t. To
make crooked. [Obs.]
Crookes" tube` (kr??ks" t?b`).
(Phys.) A vacuum tube in which the exhaustion is
carried to a very high degree, with the production of a distinct
class of effects; -- so called from W. Crookes who
introduced it.
Croon (kr??n), v. i. [OE.
croinen, cf. D. kreunen to moan.
1. To make a continuous hollow moan,
as cattle do when in pain. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
2. To hum or sing in a low tone; to murmur
softly.
Here an old grandmother was crooning over a sick
child, and rocking it to and fro.
Dickens.
Croon, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Crooned (kr??nd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Crooning.] 1. To sing
in a low tone, as if to one's self; to hum.
Hearing such stanzas crooned in her praise.
C. Bront
2. To soothe by singing softly.
The fragment of the childish hymn with which he sung and
crooned himself asleep.
Dickens.
Croon, n. 1. A low, continued
moan; a murmur.
2. A low singing; a plain, artless melody.
Crop (kr?p), n. [OE.
crop, croppe, craw, top of a plant,
harvest, AS. crop, cropp, craw, top,
bunch, ear of corn; akin to D. krop craw, G.
kropf, Icel. kroppr hump or bunch on the
body, body; but cf. also W. cropa, croppa,
crop or craw of a bird, Ir. & Gael. sgroban. Cf.
Croup, Crupper, Croup.]
1. The pouchlike enlargement of the gullet of
birds, serving as a receptacle for food; the craw.
2. The top, end, or highest part of anything,
especially of a plant or tree. [Obs.]
\'bdCrop and root.\'b8
Chaucer.
3. That which is cropped, cut, or gathered from a
single felld, or of a single kind of grain or fruit, or in a
single season; especially, the product of what is planted in the
earth; fruit; harvest.
Lab'ring the soil, and reaping plenteous crop,
Corn, wine, and oil.
Milton.
4. Grain or other product of the field while
standing.
5. Anything cut off or gathered.
Guiltless of steel, and from the razor free,
It falls a plenteous crop reserved for thee.
Dryden.
6. Hair cut close or short, or the act or style of
so cutting; as, a convict's crop.
7. (Arch.) A projecting ornament in
carved stone. Specifically, a finial. [Obs.]
8. (Mining.) (a) Tin ore
prepared for smelting. (b) Outcrop of a vein
or seam at the surface.
Knight.
9. A riding whip with a loop instead of a
lash.
Neck and crop, altogether; roughly and at
once. [Colloq.]
Crop, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cropped (kr?pt); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cropping.] 1. To cut
off the tops or tips of; to bite or pull off; to browse; to
pluck; to mow; to reap.
I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a
tender one.
Ezek. xvii. 22.
2. Fig.: To cut off, as if in harvest.
Death . . . .crops the growing boys.
Creech.
3. To cause to bear a crop; as, to
crop a field.
Crop, v. i. To yield harvest.
To crop out. (a) (Geol.)
To appear above the surface, as a seam or vein, or inclined
bed, as of coal. (b) To come to light; to be
manifest; to appear; as, the peculiarities of an author crop
out. -- To crop up, to sprout; to
spring up. \'bdCares crop up in villas.\'bd
Beaconsfield.
Crop"-ear` (kr?p"?r`), n. A
person or animal whose ears are cropped.
Crop"-eared` (kr?p"?rd`), a.
Having the ears cropped.
Crop"ful (-f?l), a. Having a
full crop or belly; satiated.
Milton.
Crop"per (kr?p"p?r), n. 1.
One that crops.
2. A variety of pigeon with a large crop; a
pouter.
3. (Mech.) A machine for cropping, as
for shearing off bolts or rod iron, or for facing cloth.
4. A fall on one's head when riding at full speed,
as in hunting; hence, a sudden failure or collapse.
[Slang.]
Crop"sick` (kr?"s?k`), a. Sick
from excess in eating or drinking. [Obs.]
\'bdCropsick drunkards.\'b8 Tate. --
Crop"sick`ness, n.
[Obs.] Whitlock.
Crop"-tailed` (-t?ld`), a.
Having the tail cropped.
Cro*quet" (kr?-k?"), n. [From
French; cf. Walloon croque blow, fillip. F.
croquet a crisp biscuit, croquer to crunch,
fr. croc a crackling sound, of imitative origin.
Croquet then properly meant a smart tap on the
ball.]
1. An open-air game in which two or more players
endeavor to drive wooden balls, by means of mallets, through a
series of hoops or arches set in the ground according to some
pattern.
2. The act of croqueting.
Cro*quet", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Croqueted (-k?d); p. pr. & vb.
n. Croqueting (-k?"?ng).]
In the game of croquet, to drive away an opponent's ball,
after putting one's own in contact with it, by striking one's own
ball with the mallet.
\'d8Cro-quette" (kr?-k?t"), n.
[F., fr. croquer to crunch.]
(Cookery) A ball of minced meat, fowl, rice, or
other ingredients, highly seasoned, and fried.
Crore (kr?r), n. [Hind.
karor, Skr. koTi.] Ten
millions; as, a crore of rupees (which is nearly
$5,000,000). [East Indies]
Malcolm.
Cro"sier (kr?"zh?r), n. [OE.
rocer, croser, croyser, fr.
croce crosier, OF. croce,
croche, F. crosse, fr. LL.
crocea, crocia, from the same German or
Celtic sourse as F. croc hook; akin to E.
crook.] The pastoral staff of a bishop
(also of an archbishop, being the symbol of his office as a
shepherd of the flock of God.
crosier was with a
hooked or curved top; the archbishop's staff alone bore a cross
instead of a crook, and was of exceptional, not of regular
form.
Skeat.
Cro"siered (-zh?rd), a. Bearing
a crosier.
Cros"let (kr?s"l?t; 115), n.
See Crosslet.
Cross (kr?s; 115), n. [OE.
crois, croys, cros; the former
fr. OF. crois, croiz, F.
croix, fr. L. crux; the second is perh.
directly fr. Prov. cros, crotz. fr. the
same L. crux; cf. Icel. kross. Cf.
Crucial, Crusade, Cruise,
Crux.]
1. A gibbet, cosisting of two pieces of timber
placed transversely upon one another, in various forms, as a
T, or +, with the horizontal piece
below the upper end of the upright, or as an
X. It was anciently used in the
execution of criminals.
Nailed to the cross
By his own nation.
Milton.
2. The sign or mark of the cross, made with the
finger, or in ink, etc., or actually represented in some
material; the symbol of Christ's death; the ensign and chosen
symbol of Christianity, of a Christian people, and of
Christendom.
The custom of making the sign of the cross with the
hand or finger, as a means of conferring blessing or preserving
from evil, is very old.
Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
Before the cross has waned the crescent's ray.
Sir W. Scott.
Tis where the cross is preached.
Cowper.
3. Affiction regarded as a test of patience or
virtue; trial; disappointment; opposition; misfortune.
Heaven prepares a good man with crosses.
B. Jonson.
4. A piece of money stamped with the figure of a
cross, also, that side of such a piece on which the cross is
stamped; hence, money in general.
I should bear no cross if I did bear you; for I
think you have no money in your purse.
Shak.
5. An appendage or ornament or anything in the form
of a cross; a badge or ornamental device of the general shape of
a cross; hence, such an ornament, even when varying considerably
from that form; thus, the Cross of the British Order of St.
George and St. Michael consist of a central medallion with seven
arms radiating from it.
6. (Arch.) A monument in the form of a
cross, or surmounted bu a cross, set up in a public place;
as, a market cross; a boundary cross;
Charing Cross in London.
Dun-Edin's Cross, a pillared stone,
Rose on a turret octagon.
Sir W. Scott.
7. (Her.) A common heraldic bearing, of
which there are many varieties. See the Illustration,
above.
8. The crosslike mark or symbol used instead of a
signature by those unable to write.
Five Kentish abbesses . . . .subscribed their names and
crosses.
Fuller.
9. Church lands. [Ireland]
[Obs.]
Sir J. Davies.
10. A line drawn across or through another
line.
11. Hence: A mixing of breeds or stock, especially
in cattle breeding; or the product of such intermixture; a hybrid
of any kind.
Toning down the ancient Viking into a sort of a
cross between Paul Jones and Jeremy Diddler.
Lord Dufferin.
<-- p. 348 -->
12. (Surveying) An instrument for laying
of offsets perpendicular to the main course.
13. (Mech.) A pipe-fitting with four
branches the axes of which usually form's right angle.
Cross and pile, a game with money, at which it
is put to chance whether a coin shall fall with that side up
which bears the cross, or the other, which is called
pile, or reverse; the game called
heads or tails. -- Cross bottony botton\'82. See under Bottony. --
Cross estoil\'82 (Her.). a cross, each
of whose arms is pointed like the ray of a star; that is, a star
having four long points only. -- Cross of
Calvary. See Calvary, 3. -- Southern
cross. (Astron.) See under
Southern. -- To do a thing on the cross,
to act dishonestly; -- opposed to acting on the
square. [Slang] -- To take up the
cross, to bear troubles and afflictions with patience
from love to Christ.
Cross (kr?s), a. 1.
Not parallel; lying or falling athwart; transverse; oblique;
intersecting.
The cross refraction of the second prism.
Sir I. Newton.
2. Not accordant with what is wished or expected;
interrupting; adverse; contrary; thwarting; perverse. \'bdA
cross fortune.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
The cross and unlucky issue of my design.
Glanvill.
The article of the resurrection seems to lie marvelously
cross to the common experience of mankind.
South.
We are both love's captives, but with fates so
cross,
One must be happy by the other's loss.
Dryden.
3. Characterized by, or in a state of, peevishness,
fretfullness, or ill humor; as, a cross man or
woman.
He had received a cross answer from his
mistress.
Jer. Taylor.
4. Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse
relation; mutually inverse; interchanged; as, cross
interrogatories; cross marriages, as when a brother and
sister marry persons standing in the same relation to each
other.
Cross action (Law), an action
brought by a party who is sued against the person who has sued
him, upon the same subject matter, as upon the same contract.
Burrill. -- Cross aisle
(Arch.), a transept; the lateral divisions of a
cruciform church. -- Cross axie. (a)
(Mach.) A shaft, windlass, or roller, worked by
levers at opposite ends, as in the copperplate printing press.
(b) A driving axle. with cranks set at an angle of
90 -- Cross bedding
(Geol.), oblique lamination of horizontal
beds, -- Cross bill. See in the Vocabulary.
-- Cross bitt. Same as Crosspiece.
-- Cross bond, a form of bricklaying, in which the
joints of one stretcher course come midway between those of the
stretcher courses above and below, a course of headers and
stretchers intervening. See Bond, n., 8.
-- Cross breed. See in the Vocabulary. --
Cross breeding. See under Breeding.
-- Cross buttock, a particular throw in wrestling;
hence, an unexpected defeat or repulse. Smollet. --
Cross country, across the country; not by the
road. \'bdThe cross-country ride.\'b8
Cowper. -- Cross fertilization, the
fertilization of the female products of one physiological
individual by the male products of another, -- as the
fertilization of the ovules of one plant by pollen from another.
See Fertilization. -- Cross file, a
double convex file, used in dressing out the arms or crosses of
fine wheells. -- Cross fire (Mil.),
lines of fire, from two or more points or places, crossing
each other. -- Cross forked. (Her.)
See under Forked. -- Cross frog.
See under Frog. -- Cross furrow,
a furrow or trench cut across other furrows to receive the
water running in them and conduct it to the side of the
field. -- Cross handle, a handle attached
transversely to the axis of a tool, as in the augur.
Knight. -- Cross lode (Mining),
a vein intersecting the true or principal lode. --
Cross purpose. See Cross-purpose, in the
Vocabulary. -- Cross reference, a reference
made from one part of a book or register to another part, where
the same or an allied subject is treated of. -- Cross
sea (Naut.), a chopping sea, in which the
waves run in contrary directions. -- Cross
stroke, a line or stroke across something, as across
the letter t. -- Cross wind, a
side wind; an unfavorable wind. -- Cross wires,
fine wires made to traverse the field of view in a telescope,
and moved by a screw with a graduated head, used for delicate
astronomical observations; spider lines. Fixed cross
wires are also used in microscopes, etc.
Syn. -- Fretful; peevish. See Fretful.
Cross, prep. Athwart; across.
[Archaic or Colloq.] A fox was taking a walk one
night cross a village.
L'Estrange.
To go cross lots, to go across the fields;
totake a short cut. [Colloq.]
Cross, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Crossed (kr?st; 115); p. pr. &
vb. n. Crossing.] 1. To
put across or athwart; to cause to intersect; as, to
cross the arms.
2. To lay or draw something, as a line, across;
as, to cross the letter t.
3. To pass from one side to the other of; to pass
or move over; to traverse; as, to cross a
stream.
A hunted hare . . . crosses and confounds her
former track.
I. Watts.
4. To pass, as objects going in an opposite
direction at the same time. \'bdYour kind letter
crossed mine.\'b8
J. D. Forbes.
5. To run counter to; to thwart; to obstruct; to
hinder; to clash or interfere with.
In each thing give him way; cross him in
nothing.
Shak.
An oyster may be crossed onlove.
Sheridan.
6. To interfere and cut off; to debar.
[Obs.]
To cross me from the golden time I look for.
Shak.
7. To make the sign of the cross upon; -- followed
by the reflexive pronoun; as, he crossed
himself.
8. To cancel by marking crosses on or over, or
drawing a line across; to erase; -- usually with out,
off, or over; as, to cross out
a name.
9. To cause to interbreed; -- said of different
stoocks or races; to mix the breed of.
To cross one's path, to oppose one's
plans.
Macualay.
Cross, v. i. 1. To lie or be
athwart.
2. To move or pass from one side to the other, or
from place to place; to make a transit; as, to cross
from New York to Liverpool.
3. To be inconsistent. [Obs.]
Men's actions do not always cross with reason.
Sir P. Sidney.
4. To interbreed, as races; to mix distinct
breeds.
If two individuals of distinct races cross, a third
is invariably produced different from either.
Coleridge.
Cross"-armed` (kr?s"?rmd), a.
With arms crossed.
Cross"-band`ed (-b?nd`?d), a. A
term used when a narrow ribbon of veneer is inserted into the
surfase of any piece of furniture, wainscoting, etc., so that the
grain of it is contrary to the general surface.
Cross"bar` (-b?r`), n. A
transverse bar or piece, as a bar across a door, or as the iron
bar or stock which passes through the shank of an anchor to
insure its turning fluke down.
Russell.
Crossbar shot, a projectile which folds into a
sphere for loading, but on leaving the gun expands to a cross
with a quarter ball at the end of each arm; -- used in naval
actions for cutting the enemy's rigging.
Cross"barred` (-b?rd`), a.
1. Secured by, or furnished with, crossbars.
Milton.
2. Made or patterned in lines crossing each other;
as, crossbarred muslin.
Cross"beak` (-b?k`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Crossbill.
Cross"beam` (-b?m`). n. 1.
(Arch.) A girder.
2. (Naut.) A beam laid across the bitts,
to which the cable is fastened when riding at anchor.
Cross"-bear`er (-b?r`?r), n.
(R.C.Ch.) A subdeacon who bears a cross before an
archbishop or primate on solemn occasions.
Cross"bill` (-b?l`). (Law) A
bill brought by a defendant, in an equity or chancery suit,
against the plaintiff, respecting the matter in question in that
suit.
Bouvier.
cross bills of
indictment for assault, in which the prosecutor in once case is
the defendant in another, may be tried together.
Cross"bill`, n. (Zo\'94l.) A
bird of the genus Loxia, allied to the finches. Their
mandibles are strongly curved and cross each other; the
crossbeak.
Cross"-birth` (-b?rth`), n.
(Med.) Any preternatural labor, in whiche the
boly of the child lies across the pelvis of the mother, so that
the shoulder, arm, or trunk is the part first presented at the
mouth of the uterus.
Cross"bite` (-b?t`), n. A
deeption; a cheat. [Obs.]
Cross"bite", b. t. To deceive; to trick;
to gull. [Obs.]
Cross"bones` (-b?nz`), n. pl. A
representation of two of the leg bones or arm bones of a
skeleton, laid crosswise, often surmounted with a skull, and
serving as a symbol of death.
Crossbones, scythes, hourglasses, and other
lugubrios emblems of mortality.
Hawthorne.
Cross"bow` (-b?`), n.
(Archery) A weapon, used in discharging arrows,
formed by placing a bow crosswise on a stock.
Cross"bow`er (-b?`?r), n. A
crossbowman.[Obs.]
Cross"bow`man (-man), n.
One who shoots with a crossbow. See Arbalest.
Cross"bred` (-br?d`), a. (Stock
Breeding) Produced by mixing distinct breeds;
mongrel.
Cross"breed` (-br?d`), n.
1. A breed or an animal produced from parents of
different breeds; a new variety, as of plants, combining the
qualites of two parent varieties or stocks.
2. Anything partaking of the natures of two
different things; a hybrid.
Cross"-bun` (-b?n`), n. A bun
or cake marked with a cross, and intended to be eaten on Good
Friday.
Cross`-cross"let (-kr?s"l?t; 115),
n. (Her.) A cross having the three
upper ends crossed, so as to from three small crosses.
Cross"cut` (-k?t`), v. t. To cut across
or through; to intersect.
Cross"cut`, n. 1. A short cut
across; a path shorter than by the high road.
2. (Mining) A level driven across the
course of a vein, or across the main workings, as from one
gangway to another.
Crosscut saw. (a) A saw, the teeth of
which are so set as to adapt it for sawing wood crosswise of the
grain rather than lengthwise. (b) A saw managed
by two men, one at each end, for cutting large logs
crosswise.
Cross"-days` (-d?z`), n. pl.
(Eccl.) The three days preceding the Feast of the
Ascension.
Cros*sette" (kr?s-s?t`), n.
[F., dim. of crosse. See Crosier.]
(Arch.) (a) A return in one of the
corners of the architrave of a door or window; -- called also
ancon, ear,
elbow. (b) The shoulder of
a joggled keystone.
Cross"-ex*am`i*na"tion (kr?s"?gz-?m`?-n?"sh?n;
115), n. (Low) The interrogating
or questioning of a witness by the party against whom he has been
called and examined. See Examination.
Cross"-ex*am"ine (-?m"?n), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cross-examined
(-?nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cross-examining.] (Low) To
examine or question, as a witness who has been called and
examined by the opposite party. \'bdThe opportunity to
cross-examine the witnesses.\'b8
Kent.
Cross"-ex*am"in*er (-?r), n.
One who cross-examines or conducts a
crosse-examination.
Cross"-eye` (-?`), n. See
Strabismus.
Cross"-eyed` (-?d`), a.
Affected with strabismus; squint-eyed; squinting.
Cross"fish` (-f?sh`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A starfish.
Cross"flow` (-fl?`), v. i. To
flow across, or in a contrary direction. \'bdHis
crossflowing course.\'b8
Milton.
Cross"-gar`net (kr?s"g?r`n?t), n.
A hinge having one strap perpendicular and the other strap
horizontal giving it the form of an Egyptian or T cross.
Cross"grained (-gr?nd`), a.
1. Having the grain or fibers run diagonally, or
more or less transversely an irregularly, so as to interfere with
splitting or planing.
If the stuff proves crossgrained, . . . then you
must turn your stuff to plane it the contrary way.
Moxon.
2. Perverse; untractable; contrary.
She was none of your crossgrained, termagant,
scolding jades.
Arbuthnot.
Cross"nath` (-h?ch`; 224), v. t.
To shade by means of crosshatching.
Cross"hatch`ing, n. In drawing and line
engraving, shading with lines that cross one another at an
angle.
Cross"head` (-h?d), n.
(Mach.) A beam or bar across the head or end of a
rod, etc., or a block attached to it and carrying a knuckle pin;
as the solid crosspiece running between parallel slides, which
receives motion from the piston of a steam engine and imparts it
to the connecting rod, which is hinged to the crosshead.
Cross"ing, n. [See Cross,
v. t. ] 1. The act by which
anything is crossed; as, the crossing of the
ocean.
2. The act of making the sign of the cross.
Bp. Hall.
3. The act of interbreeding; a mixing of
breeds.
4. Intersection, as of two paths or roads.
5. A place where anything (as a stream) is crossed;
a paved walk across a street.
6. Contradiction; thwarting; obstruction.
I do not bear these crossings.
Shak.
Cross"jack` (kr?s"j?k` ,
n. (Naut.) The lowest square sail, or
the lower yard of the mizzenmast.
CRoss"legged` (-l?gd`), a.
Having the legs crossed.
Cross"let (-lEt), n. [Dim. of
cross.] 1. A small cross.
Spenser.
2. [Cf. OF. croisel crucible, and
E. Cresset.] A crucible.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cross"let, a. (Her.) Crossed
again; -- said of a cross the arms of which are crossed.
SeeCross-crosslet.
Cross"ly, adv. Athwart; adversely;
unfortunately; peevishly; fretfully; with ill humor.
Cross"ness, n. The quality or state of
being cross; peevishness; fretfulness; ill humor.
Cros*sop`ter*yg"i*an (kr?s-s?p`t?r-?j?-a]/>n),
a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Crossopterygii. -- n. One of the
Crossopterygii.
\'d8Cros*sop`te*ryg"i*i (kr?s-s?p`t?-r?j?-?),
n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of ganoid fishes including
among living species the bichir (Polypterus). See
Brachioganoidei.
Cross"patch` (-p?ch`; 224), n.
An ill-natured person. [Colloq.]
\'bdCrosspatch, draw the latch.\'b8
Mother Goose.
Cross"-pawl` (-p?l`), n.
(Shipbuilding) Same as
Cross-spale.
Cross"piece` (kr?s"p?s`; 115), n.
1. A piece of any structure which is fitted or
framed crosswise.
2. (Naut.) A bar or timber connecting
two knightheads or two bitts.
Cross"-pur`pose (-p?r`p?s), n.
1. A counter or opposing purpose; hence, that which
is inconsistent or contradictory.
Shaftesbury.
2. pl. A conversational game, in which
questions and answers are made so as to involve ludicrous
combinations of ideas.
Pepys.
To be at cross-purposes, to misunderstand or
to act counter to one another without intending it; -- said of
persons.
Cross"-ques`tion (-kw?s`ch?n), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cross-questioned
(-ch?nd), p. pr. & vb. n.
Cross-questioning.] To cross-examine;
to subject to close questioning.
Cross"-read`ing (r?d`?ng), n.
The reading of the lines of a newspaper directly across the
page, instead of down the columns, thus producing a ludicrous
combination of ideas.
Cross"road` (-r?d`), n. A road
that crosses another; an obscure road intersecting or avoiding
the main road.
Cross"row` (-r?`), n. 1.
The alphabet; -- called also
Christcross-row.
And from the crossrow plucks the letter G.
Shak.
2. A row that crosses others.
Cross"ruff` (-r?f`), n.
(Whist) The play in whist where partners trump
each a different suit, and lead to each other for that purpose;
-- called also seesaw.
{ Cross"-spale` (-sp?l`),
Cross"-spall` (-sp?l`), } n.
[See Spale & Spall.]
(Shipbuilding) One of the temporary wooden
braces, placed horizontally across a frame to hold it in position
until the deck beams are in; a cross-pawl.
Cross"-spring`er (-spr?ng`?r), n.
(Arch.) One of the ribs in a groined arch,
springing from the corners in a diagonal direction. [See
Illustr. of Groined vault.]
Cross"-staff` (-st?f`), n.
1. An instrument formerly used at sea for taking
the altitudes of celestial bodies.
2. A surveyor's instrument for measuring
offsets.
Cross"-stitch` (-st?ch`; 224), n.
A form of stitch, where the stitches are diagonal and in
pairs, the thread of one stitch crossing that of the other.
\'bdTent and cross-stitch.\'b8 Sir W. Scott.
-- Cross"-stitch`, v. t. &
i.
Cross"-stone` (-st?n`), n.
(Min.) See Harmotome, and
Staurotide.
Cross"-tail` (-t?l`), n. (Steam
Engine) A bar connecting the ends of the side rods or
levers of a backaction or side-lever engine.
Cross"-tie` (-t?`), n.
(Railroad) A sleeper supporting and connecting
the rails, and holding them in place.
<-- p. 349 -->
Cross"-tin`ing (kr?s"t?n`?ng), n.
(Agric.) A mode of harrowing crosswise, or
transversely to the ridges.
Crabb.
Cross"trees` (-tr?z`), n. pl.
(Naut.) Pieces of timber at a masthead, to which
are attached the upper shrouds. At the head of lower masts in
large vessels, they support a semicircular platform called the
\'bdtop.\'b8
Cross"-vault`ing (-v?lt`?ng), n.
(Arch.) Vaulting formed by the intersection of
two or more simple vaults.
Cross"way` (-w?`), n. See
Crossroad.
Cross"-week` (-w?k`), n.
Rogation week, when the cross was borne in
processions.
Cross"wise` (-w?z`), adv. In
the form of a cross; across; transversely.
Longfellow.
Cross"wort` (-w?rt`), n.
(Bot.) A name given to several inconspicuous
plants having leaves in whorls of four, as species of
Crucianella, Valantia, etc.
\'d8Crot`a*la"ri*a (kr?t`?-l?"r?-? , n. [NL. See
Crotalum.] (Bot.) A genus of
leguminous plants; rattlebox.
Crotalaria juncea furnishes the fiber
called sunn or Bombay hemp.
Crot"a*line (kr?t"?-l?n ,
a. [See Crotalus.]
(Zo\'94l.) Resembling, or pertaining to, the
Crotalidae, or Rattlesnake family.
\'d8Crot"a*lo (-l?), n. A
Turkish musical instrument.
\'d8Crot"a*lum (-l?m), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. (Mus.) A kind
of castanet used by the Corybantes.
\'d8Crot"a*lus (-l?s), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of poisonous serpents, including the rattlesnakes.
Crot"a*phite (kr?t"?-f?t), n.
[Gr.
(Anat.) The temple or temporal fossa. Also used
adjectively.
Crot`a*phit"ic (kr?t`?-f?t"?k), n.
(Anat.) Pertaining to the temple; temporal.
Crotch (kr?ch; 224), n.; pl.
Crotches (-. [Cf.
Crotchet, Crutch.] 1. The
angle formed by the parting of two legs or branches; a fork; the
point where a trunk divides; as, the crotch of a
tree.
2. (Naut.) A stanchion or post of wood
or iron, with two arms for supporting a boom, spare yards, etc.;
-- called also crane and
crutch.
Totten.
Crotched (kr?cht), a. 1.
Having a crotch; forked.
2. Cross; peevish. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Crotch"et (kr?ch"?t; 224), n.
[F. crochet, prop., a little hook, a dim. from
the same source as croc hook. See Crook, and
cf. Crochet, Crocket, Crosier.]
1. A forked support; a crotch.
The crotchets of their cot in columns rise.
Dryden.
2. (Mus.) A time note, with a stem,
having one fourth the value of a semibreve, one half that of a
minim, and twice that of a quaver; a quarter note.
3. (Fort.) An indentation in the glacis
of the covered way, at a point where a traverse is placed.
4. (Mil.) The arrangement of a body of
troops, either forward or rearward, so as to form a line nearly
perpendicular to the general line of battle.
5. (Print.) A bracket. See
Bracket.
6. (Med.) An instrument of a hooked
form, used in certain cases in the extraction of a fetus.
Dunglison.
7. A perverse fancy; a whim which takes possession
of the mind; a conceit.
He ruined himself and all that trusted in him by
crotchets that he could never explain to any rational
man.
De Quincey.
Crotch"et, v. i. To play music in
measured time. [Obs.]
Donne.
Crotch"et*ed, a. Marked or measured by
crotchets; having musical notation.
Harmar (1587).
Crotch"et*i*ness (kr?ch"?t-?-n?s),
n. The state or character of being crotchety, or
whimsical.
This belief in rightness is a kind of conscientiousness, and
when it degenerates it becomes crotchetiness.
J. Grote.
Crotch"et*y (kr?ch"?t-?), a.
Given to crotchets; subject to whims; as, a
crotchety man.
Cro"ton (kr?"t?n), n. [Gr.
(Bot.) A genus of
euphorbiaceous plants belonging to tropical countries.
Croton oil (Med.), a viscid, acrid,
brownish yellow oil obtained from the seeds of Croton
Tiglium, a small tree of the East Indies. It is a most
powerful drastic cathartic, and is used externally as a
pustulant.
Cro"ton bug` (b?g`). [From the
Croton water of New York.] (Zo\'94l.)
A small, active, winged species of cockroach (Ectobia
Germanica), the water bug. It is common aboard ships, and
in houses in cities, esp. in those with hot-water pipes.
Cro*ton"ic (kr?-t?n"?k), a. Of
or pertaining to, or derived from, a plant of the genus
Croton, or from croton oil.
Crotonic acid (Chem.), a white
crystalline organic acid, C3H5.CO2H, of the
ethylene, or acrylic acid series. It was so named because
formerly supposed to exist in croton oil. Also, any acid
metameric with crotonic acid proper.
tiglic or tiglinic acid, a derivative of
crotonic acid.
Cro"ton*ine (kr?"t?n-?n), n.
(Chem.) A supposed alkaloid obtained from croton
oil by boiling it with water and magnesia, since found to be
merely a magnesia soap of the oil.
Watts.
Cro*ton"y*lene (kr?-t?n"?-l?n), n.
[Crotonic + acet-ylene.]
(Chem.) A colorless, volatile, pungent liquid,
C4H6, produced artificially, and regarded as an
unsaturated hydrocarbon of the acetylene series, and analogous to
crotonic acid.
Crot"tles (kr?t"t'lz), n. pl.
[Gael. crotal.] A name given to
various lichens gathered for dyeing. [Scot.]
Crouch (krouch; 129), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Crouched
(kroucht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crouching.] [OE. cruchen,
crouchen, crouken; cf. E.
creep, G. krauchen, kriechen,
or E. crook to bend, also crouch to
cross.] 1. To bend down; to stoop low; to lie
close to the ground with the logs bent, as an animal when waiting
for prey, or in fear.
Now crouch like a cur.
Beau. & Fl.
2. To bend servilely; to stoop meanly; to fawn; to
cringe. \'bdA crouching purpose.\'b8
Wordsworth.
Must I stand and crouch
Under your testy humor?
Shak.
Crouch, v. t. [OE. cruchen,
crouchen, from cruche, crouche,
cross. Cf. Crosier, Crook.] 1.
To sign with the cross; to bless. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To bend, or cause to bend, as in humility or
fear.
She folded her arms across her chest,
And crouched her head upon her breast.
Colerige.
Crouched (kroucht), a. Marked
with the sign of the cross. [Obs.]
Crouched friar. See Crutched
friar, under Crutched.
Croud (kroud), n. (Mus.)
See Crowd, a violin.
Crouke (krouk), n. A crock; a
jar. [Obs.]
Chauser.
Croup (kr??p), n. [F.
croupe hind quarters, croup, rump, of German or Icel.
origin; cf. Icel. kryppa hump; akin to Icel.
kroppr. Cf. Crop.] The hinder
part or buttocks of certain quadrupeds, especially of a horse;
hence, the place behind the saddle.
So light to the croup the fair lady he swung,
So light to the saddle before her he sprung.
Sir W. Scott.
Croup (kr??p), n. [Scot.
croup, cf. croup, crowp, to
croak, to cry or speak with a hoarse voice; cf. also LG.
kropp, G. kropf, the crop or craw of a
bird, and tumor on the anterior part of the neck, a wen, etc. Cf.
Crop.] (Med.) An inflammatory
affection of the larynx or trachea, accompanied by a hoarse,
ringing cough and stridulous, difficult breathing; esp., such an
affection when associated with the development of a false
membrane in the air passages (also called membranous
croup). See False croup, under
False, and Diphtheria.
Crou*pade" (kr??-p?d"), n. [F.,
fr. croupe hind quarters.] (Man.)
A leap in which the horse pulls up his hind legs toward his
belly.
Croup"al (kr??p"al), a.
Croupy.
Croup"er (kr??p"?r), n. See
Crupper.
Crou"pi*er (kr, n.
[F.; prop., one who sits on the croup, and hence, in the
second place; an assistant. See 1st Croup.]
1. One who presides at a gaming table and collects
the stakes.
2. One who, at a public dinner party, sits at the
lower end of the table as assistant chairman.
Croup"ous (kr??p"?s), a.
(Med.) Relating to or resembling croup;
especially, attended with the formation of a deposit or membrance
like that found in membranous croup; as, croupous
laryngitis.
Croupous pneumonia, pneumonia attended with
deposition of fibrinous matter in the air vesicles of the lungs;
ordinary acute pneumonia.
Croup"y (kr??p"?), a. Of or
pertaining to croup; resembling or indicating croup; as, a
croupy cough.
Crouse (kr??s), a. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Brisk; lively; bold;
self-complacent. [Scot.]
Burns.
\'d8Crou`stade" (kr??`st?d"), n.
[F., fr. cro a crust, OF.
crouste.] (Cookery) Bread baked
in a mold, and scooped out, to serve minces upon.
Bishop.
Crout (krout), n. [G.
kraut.] See Sourkrout.
\'d8Crou`ton" (kr??`t?n"), n.
[F. cro, fr. cro a
crust.] (Cookery) Bread cut in various
forms, and fried lightly in butter or oil, to garnish hashes,
etc.
Crow (kr?), v. i.
[imp. Crew (kr or
Crowed (kr; p. p.
Crowed (Crown (kr?n),
Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crowing.] [AS. cr;
akin to D. kraijen, G. kr, cf. Lith.
groti to croak. Crake.]
1. To make the shrill sound characteristic of a
cock, either in joy, gayety, or defiance. \'bdThe cock had
crown.\'b8
Bayron.
The morning cock crew loud.
Shak.
2. To shout in exultation or defiance; to
brag.
3. To utter a sound expressive of joy or
pleasure.
The sweetest little maid,
That ever crowed for kisses.
Tennyson.
To crow over, to exult over a vanquished
antagonist.
Sennacherib crowing over poor Jerusalem.
Bp. Hall.
Crow, n. [AS. cr a crow
(in sense 1); akin to D. kraai, G.
kr; cf. Icel. kr crow. So named
from its cry, from AS. cr to crow. See
Crow, v. i. ]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A bird, usually black, of
the genus Corvus, having a strong conical beak, with
projecting bristles. It has a harsh, croaking note. See
Caw.
C. corone. The common American crow is C.
Americanus. See Carrion crow, and
Illustr., under Carrion.
2. A bar of iron with a beak, crook, or claw; a bar
of iron used as a lever; a crowbar.
Get me an iron crow, and bring it straight
Unto my cell.
Shak.
3. The cry of the cock. See Crow, v.
i., 1.
4. The mesentery of a beast; -- so called by
butchers.
Carrion crow. See under Carrion.
-- Crow blackbird (Zo\'94l.), an
American bird (Quiscalus quiscula); -- called also
purple grackle. -- Crow
pheasant (Zo\'94l.), an Indian cuckoo; the
common coucal. It is believed by the natives to give omens. See
Coucal. -- Crow shrike
(Zo\'94l.), any bird of the genera
Gymnorhina, Craticus, or
Strepera, mostly from Australia. --
Red-legged crow. See Crough. --
As the crow flies, in a direct line. --
To pick a crow, To pluck a
crow, to state and adjust a difference or
grievance (with any one).
Crow"bar` (kr?"b?r), n. A bar
of iron sharpened at one end, and used as a lever.
Crow`ber`ry (kr?"b?r`r?), n.
(Bot.) A heathlike plant of the genus
Empetrum, and its fruit, a black, scarcely edible
berry; -- also called crakeberry.
Crowd (kroud), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Crowded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Crowding.] [OE.
crouden, cruden, AS. cr;
cf. D. kruijen to push in a wheelbarrow.]
1. To push, to press, to shove.
Chaucer.
2. To press or drive together; to mass
together. \'bdCrowd us and crush us.\'b8
Shak.
3. To fill by pressing or thronging together;
hence, to encumber by excess of numbers or quantity.
The balconies and verandas were crowded with
spectators, anxious to behold their future sovereign.
Prescott.
4. To press by solicitation; to urge; to dun;
hence, to treat discourteously or unreasonably.
[Colloq.]
To crowd out, to press out; specifically, to
prevent the publication of; as, the press of other matter
crowded out the article. -- To crowd
sail (Naut.), to carry an extraordinary
amount of sail, with a view to accelerate the speed of a vessel;
to carry a press of sail.
Crowd, v. i. 1. To press
together or collect in numbers; to swarm; to throng.
The whole company crowded about the fire.
Addison.
Images came crowding on his mind faster than he
could put them into words.
Macaulay.
2. To urge or press forward; to force one's self;
as, a man crowds into a room.
Crowd, n. [AS. croda. See
Crowd, v. t. ] 1. A
number of things collected or closely pressed together; also, a
number of things adjacent to each other.
A crowd of islands.
Pope.
2. A number of persons congregated or collected
into a close body without order; a throng.
The crowd of Vanity Fair.
Macualay.
Crowds that stream from yawning doors.
{\*\bkmkstart here}Tennyson.
3. The lower orders of people; the populace; the
vulgar; the rabble; the mob.
To fool the crowd with glorious lies.
Tennyson.
He went not with the crowd to see a shrine.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Throng; multitude. See Throng.
Crowd, n. [W. crwth; akin to
Gael. cruit. Perh. named from its shape, and akin to
Gr. curve. Cf.
Rote.] An ancient instrument of music with
six strings; a kind of violin, being the oldest known stringed
instrument played with a bow. [Written also
croud, crowth, cruth, and
crwth.]
A lackey that . . . can warble upon a crowd a
little.
B. Jonson.
Crowd, v. t. To play on a crowd; to
fiddle. [Obs.] \'bdFiddlers, crowd
on.\'b8
Massinger.
Crowd"er (kroud"?r), n. One who
plays on a crowd; a fiddler. [Obs.] \'bdSome
blind crowder.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Crowd"er, n. One who crowds or
pushes.
Crow"dy (krou"d?), n. A thick
gruel of oatmeal and milk or water; food of the porridge
kind. [Scot.]
Crow"flow`er (kr?"flou`?r), n.
(Bot.) A kind of campion; according to Gerarde,
the Lychnis Flos-cuculi.
Crow"foot` (kr?"f??t`), n.
1. (Bot.) The genus
Ranunculus, of many species; some are common weeds,
others are flowering plants of considerable beauty.
2. (Naut.) A number of small cords rove
through a long block, or euphroe, to suspend an awning by.
3. (Mil.) A caltrop. [Written
also crow's-foot.]
4. (Well Boring) A tool with a side claw
for recovering broken rods, etc.
Raymond.
Crow"keep`er (-k?p`?r), n. A
person employed to scare off crows; hence, a scarecrow.
[Obs.]
Scaring the ladies like a crowkeeper.
Shak.
Crown (kr?n), p. p. of
Crow. [Obs.]
Crown (kroun), n. [OE.
corone, coroun, crune,
croun, OF. corone, corune, F.
couronne, fr. L. corona crown, wreath;
akin to Gr. curvus curved, E. curve, curb,
Gael. cruinn round, W. crwn. Cf.
Cornice, Corona, Coroner,
Coronet.] 1. A wreath or garland, or
any ornamental fillet encircling the head, especially as a reward
of victory or mark of honorable distinction; hence, anything
given on account of, or obtained by, faithful or successful
effort; a reward. \'bdAn olive branch and laurel
crown.\'b8
Shak.
They do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an
incorruptiblle.
1 Cor. ix. 25.
Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a
crown of life.
Rev. ii. 10.
2. A royal headdress or cap of sovereignty, worn by
emperors, kings, princes, etc.
coronets; the triple
crown of the pope is usually called a
tiara. The crown of England is a circle of
gold with crosses, fleurs-de-lis, and imperial arches, inclosing
a crimson velvet cap, and ornamented with thousands of diamonds
and precious stones.
3. The person entitled to wear a regal or imperial
crown; the sovereign; -- with the definite article.
Parliament may be dissolved by the demise of the
crown.
Blackstone.
Large arrears of pay were due to the civil and military
servants of the crown.
Macaulay.
4. Imperial or regal power or dominion;
sovereignty.
There is a power behind the crown greater than the
crown itself.
Junius.
5. Anything which imparts beauty, splendor, honor,
dignity, or finish.
The hoary head is a crown of glory, if it be found
in the way of righteousness.
Prov. xvi. 31.
A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband.
Prov. xvi. 4.
<-- p. 350 -->
6. Highest state; acme; consummation;
perfection.
Mutual love, the crown of all our bliss.
Milton.
7. The topmost part of anything; the summit.
The steepy crown of the bare mountains.
Dryden.
8. The topmost part of the head (see
Illust. of Bird.); that part of the head from
which the hair descends toward the sides and back; also, the head
or brain.
From toe to crown he'll fill our skin with
pinches.
Shak.
Twenty things which I set down:
This done, I twenty more-had in my crown.
Bunyan.
9. The part of a hat above the brim.
10. (Anat.) The part of a tooth which
projects above the gum; also, the top or grinding surface of a
tooth.
11. (Arch.) The vertex or top of an
arch; -- applied generally to about one third of the curve, but
in a pointed arch to the apex only.
12. (Bot.) Same as
Corona.
13. (Naut.) (a) That part of an
anchor where the arms are joined to the shank. (b)
The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a level
line. (c) pl. The bights formed
by the several turns of a cable.
Totten.
14. The upper range of facets in a rose
diamond.
15. The dome of a furnace.
16. (Geom.) The area inclosed between
two concentric perimeters.
17. (Eccl.) A round spot shaved clean on
the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the
tonsure.
18. A size of writing paper. See under
Paper.
19. A coin stamped with the image of a crown;
hence,a denomination of money; as, the English
crown, a silver coin of the value of five shillings
sterling, or a little more than $1.20; the Danish or
Norwegian crown, a money of account, etc., worth
nearly twenty-seven cents.
20. An ornaments or decoration representing a
crown; as, the paper is stamped with a
crown.
Crown of aberration (Astron.), a
spurious circle around the true circle of the sun. --
Crown antler (Zo\'94l.), the topmost
branch or tine of an antler; also, an antler having a cuplike
top, with tines springing from the rim. -- Crown
bar, one of the bars which support the crown sheet of
steam-boiler furnace. -- Crown glass. See
under Glass. -- Crown imperial.
(Bot.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown
jewels, the jewels appertaining to the sovereign while
wearing the crown. [Eng.] \'bdShe pawned and set to
sale the crown jewels.\'b8 Milton. --
Crown land, land belonging to the crown, that is,
to the sovereign. -- Crown law, the law which
governs criminal prosecutions. [Eng.] --
Crown lawyer, one employed by the crown, as in
criminal cases. [Eng.] -- Crown
octavo. See under Paper. -- Crown
office. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown
paper. See under Paper. -- Crown
piece. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown
Prince, the heir apparent to a crown or throne. --
Crown saw. See in the Vocabulary. --
Crown scab (Far.), a cancerous sore
formed round the corners of a horse's hoof. -- Crown
sheet, the flat plate which forms the top of the
furnace or fire box of an internally fired steam boiler. --
Crown shell. (Zo\'94l.) See
Acorn-shell. -- Crown side. See
Crown office. -- Crown tax (Eccl.
Hist.), a golden crown, or its value, which was
required annually from the Jews by the king of Syria, in the time
of the Maccabees. 1 Macc. x. 20. -- Crown
wheel. See in the Vocabulary. -- Crown
work. See in the Vocabulary. -- Pleas of the
crown (Engl. law), criminal
actions.
Crown (kroun), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Crowned
(kround); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crowning.] [OE. coronen,
corunen, crunien, crounien, OF.
coroner, F. couronner, fr. L.
coronare, fr. corona a crown. See
Crown, n.] 1. To cover,
decorate, or invest with a crown; hence, to invest with royal
dignity and power.
Her who fairest does appear,
Crown her queen of all the year.
Dryden.
Crown him, and say, \'bdLong live our
emperor.\'b8
Shak.
2. To bestow something upon as a mark of honor,
dignity, or recompense; to adorn; to dignify.
Thou . . . hast crowned him with glory and
honor.
Ps. viii. 5.
3. To form the topmost or finishing part of; to
complete; to consummate; to perfect.
Amidst the grove that crowns yon tufted hill.
Byron.
One day shall crown the alliance.
Shak.
To crown the whole, came a proposition.
Motley.
4. (Mech.) To cause to round upward; to
make anything higher at the middle than at the edges, as the face
of a machine pulley.
5. (Mil.) To effect a lodgment upon, as
upon the crest of the glacis, or the summit of the breach.
To crown a knot (Naut.), to lay the
ends of the strands over and under each other.
Crowned (kround), p. p. & a.
1. Having or wearing a crown; surmounted, invested,
or adorned, with a crown, wreath, garland, etc.; honored;
rewarded; completed; consummated; perfected.
\'bdCrowned with one crest.\'b8 Shak.
\'bdCrowned with conquest.\'b8
Milton.
With surpassing glory crowned.
Milton.
2. Great; excessive; supreme.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Crown"er (kroun"?r), n. 1.
One who, or that which, crowns.
Beau. & FL.
2. [Cf. Coroner.] A
coroner. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.]
Crown"et (kroun"?t), n. [See
Crown, Coronet.]
1. A coronet. [R.]
P. Whitehead.
2. The ultimate end and result of an undertaking; a
chief end. [Obs.]
O this false soul of Egypt! this grave charm . . . .
Whose bosom was my crownet, my chief end.
Shak.
Crown"-im*pe"ri*al (-?m-p?"r?-al),
n. (Bot.) A spring-blooming plant
(Fritillaria imperialis) of the Lily family, having at
the top of the stalk a cluster of pendent bell-shaped flowers
surmounted with a tuft of green leaves.
Crown"less, a. Without a crown.
Crown"let (-l?t), n. A
coronet. [Poetic]
Sir W. Scott.
Crown" of`fice (?f`f?s; 115). (Eng.
Law) The criminal branch of the Court of King's or
Queen's Bench, commonly called the crown side of the
court, which takes cognizance of all criminal cases.
Burrill.
Crown"piece` (-p?s`), n.
(a) A piece or part which passes over the head, as
in a bridle. (b) A coin [In sense
(b) properly crown piece.] See
Crown, 19.
Crown"-post` (kroun"p?st`), n.
Same as King-post.
Crown"-saw` (-s?`), n. [From
its supposed resemblance to a crown.]
(Mech.) A saw in the form of a hollow cylinder,
with teeth on the end or edge, and operated by a rotative
motion.
Knight.
Crown" side` (s?d`). See Crown
office.
Crown" wheel` (hw?l`). [Named from its
resemblance to a crown.] (Mach.)
A wheel with cogs or teeth set at right angles to its plane;
-- called also a contrate wheel or
face wheel.
Crown"work` (-w?rk`), n.
(Fort.) A work consisting of two or more
bastioned fronts, with their outworks, covering an enceinte, a
bridgehead, etc., and connected by wings with the main work or
the river bank.
Crow"-quill` (kr?"kw?l`), n. A
quill of the crow, or a very fine pen made from such a
quill.
Crows (kr?z), n. pl.; sing.
Crow. (Ethnol.) A tribe of
Indians of the Dakota stock, living in Montana; -- also called
Upsarokas.
Crow's"-foot` (kr?z"f??t`), n.;
pl. Crow's-feet (-f.
1. pl. The wrinkles that appear, as
the effect of age or dissipation, under and around the outer
corners of the eyes.
Tennyson.
2. (Mil.) A caltrop.
[Written also crowfoot.]
3. (Arch.) Same as
Bird's-mouth. [U.S.]
Crow"-silk` (kr?"s?lk`), n.
(Bot.) A filamentous fresh-water alga
(Conferva rivularis of Linnaeus, Rhizoclonium
rivulare of Kutzing).
Crow's-nest` (kr?z"n?st`), n.
(Naut.) A box or perch near the top of a mast,
esp. in whalers, to shelter the man on the lookout.
Crow"step` (kr?"st?p`), n.
(Arch.) See Corriestep.
Crow"stone` (kr?"st?n`), n.
(Arch.) The top stone of the gable end of a
house.
Halliwell.
Crowth (krouth), n. An ancient
musical instrument. See 4th Crowd.
Crow"toe` (kr?"t?`), n.
(Bot.) 1. The Lotus
corniculatus.
Dr. Prior.
2. An unidentified plant, probably the
crowfoot. \'bdThe tufted crowtoe.\'b8
Milton.
Crow"-trod`den (kr?"tr?d`d'n), a.
Marked with crow's-feet, or wrinkles, about the eyes.
[Poetic]
Do I look as if I were crow-trodden?
Beau. & FL.
Croyl"stone` (kroil"st?n`), n.
(Min.) Crystallized cawk, in which the crystals
are small.
Croys (krois), n. See
Cross, n. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Croze (kr?z), n. [Cf.
Cross, and Crosier.] A cooper's tool
for making the grooves for the heads of casks, etc.; also, the
groove itself.
Cro"zier (kr?"zh?r), n. See
Crosier.
Cro"ziered (-zh?rd), a.
Crosiered.
Cru"cial (kr?"shal), a.
[F. crucial, fr. L. crux,
crucis, cross, torture. See Cross.]
1. Having the form of a cross; appertaining to a
cross; cruciform; intersecting; as, crucial
ligaments; a crucial incision.
2. Severe; trying or searching, as if bringing to
the cross; decisive; as, a crucial test.
Cru"cian carp` (-shan k?rp`).
[Cf. Sw. karussa, G. karausche, F.
carousse, -assin, corassin, LL.
coracinus, Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of European carp (Carasius
vulgaris), inferior to the common carp; -- called also
German carp.
Cru"ci*ate (kr?"sh?-?t ,
a. [L. cruciatus, p. p. of
cruciare to crucify, torture, fr. crux,
crucis, a cross. See Cross.]
1. Tormented. [Obs.]
Bale.
2. (Bot.) Having the leaves or petals
arranged in the form of a cross; cruciform.
Cru"ci*ate (kr?"sh?-?t), v. t.
To torture; to torment. [Obs.] See
Excruciate.
Bale.
Cru`ci*a"tion (kr?`sh?-?"sh?n), n.
[LL. cruciatio.] The act of torturing;
torture; torment. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Cru"ci*ble (kr?"s?-b'l), n.
[LL. crucubulum a hanging lamp, an earthen pot
for melting metals (cf. OF. croisel,
creuseul, sort of lamp, crucible, F.
creuset crucible), prob. of German origin; cf. OHG.
kr, LG. kr, hanging lamp,
kroos, kruus, mug, jug, jar, D.
kroes cup, crucible, Dan. kruus, Sw.
krus, E. cruse. It was confused with
derivatives of L. crux cross (cf. Crosslet),
and crucibles were said to have been marked with a cross, to
prevent the devil from marring the chemical operation. See
Cruse, and cf. Cresset.] 1.
A vessel or melting pot, composed of some very refractory
substance, as clay, graphite, platinum, and used for melting and
calcining substances which require a strong degree of heat, as
metals, ores, etc.
2. A hollow place at the bottom of a furnace, to
receive the melted metal.
3. A test of the most decisive kind; a severe
trial; as, the crucible of affliction.
Hessian crucible (Chem.), a cheap,
brittle, and fragile, but very refractory crucible, composed of
the finest fire clay and sand, and commonly used for a single
heating; -- named from the place of manufacture.
Cru"ci*fer (-f?r), n. [See
Cruciferous.] (Bot.) Any plant of
the order Crucifer\'91.
Cru*cif"er*ous (kr?-s?f"?r-?s), a.
[L. crux, crucis, cross +
-ferous: cf. F. crucif.]
1. Bearing a cross.
2. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, a family of plants which have four petals arranged
like the arms of a cross, as the mustard, radish, turnip,
etc.
Cru"ci*fi`er (kr?"s?-f?`?r), n.
One who crucifies; one who subjects himself or another to a
painful trial.
Cru"ci*fix (kr?"s?-f?ks), n.;
pl. Crucifixes (-. [F.
crucifix or LL. crucifixum, fr. L.
crux, crucis, cross + figere,
fixum, to fix. See Cross, and Fix,
and cf. Crucify.] 1. A representation in art
of the figure of Christ upon the cross; esp., the sculptured
figure affixed to a real cross of wood, ivory, metal, or the
like, used by the Roman Catholics in their devotions.
The cross, too, by degrees, become the
crucifix.
Milman.
And kissing oft her crucifix,
Unto the block she drew.
Warner.
2. The cross or religion of Christ.
[R.]
Jer. Taylor.
Cru`ci*fix"ion (kr?`s?-f?k"sh?n), n.
1. The act of nailing or fastening a person to a
cross, for the purpose of putting him to death; the use of the
cross as a method of capital punishment.
2. The state of one who is nailed or fastened to a
cross; death upon a cross.
3. Intense suffering or affliction; painful
trial.
Do ye prove
What crucifixions are in love?
Herrick.
Cru"ci*form (kr?"s?-f?rm), a.
[L. crux, crucis, cress +
-form: cf. F. cruciforme.]
Cross-shaped; (Bot.) having four parts arranged
in the form of a cross.
Cru"ci*fy (-f?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Crucified
(-f?d); p. pr. & vb.n.
Crucifying.] [F. crucifier,
fr. (assumed) LL. crucificare, for
crucifigere, fr, L. crux,
crucis, cross + figere to fix, the ending
-figere being changed to -ficare, F.
-fier (in compounds), as if fr. L. facere
to do, make. See Cross, and Fix, and cf.
Crucifix.] 1. To fasten to a cross;
to put to death by nailing the hands and feet to a cross or
gibbet.
They cried, saying, Crucify him, cricify
him.
Luke xxiii. 21.
2. To destroy the power or ruling influence of; to
subdue completely; to mortify.
They that are Christ's have crucified the flesh,
with the affections and lusts.
Gal. v. 24.
3. To vex or torment.
Beau. & FL.
Cru*cig"er*ous (kr?-s?j"?r-?s), a.
[L. crux, cricis, cross +
-gerous.] Bearing the cross; marked with
the figure of a cross.
Sir. T. Browne.
Crud (kr?d), n. See
Curd. [Obs.]
Crud"dle (-d'l), v. i. To
curdle. [Obs.]
See how thy blood cruddles at this.
Bea
Crude (kr?d), a.
[Compar. Cruder (-?r);
superl. Crudest.] [L.
crudus raw; akin to cruor blood (which
flows from a wound). See Raw, and cf.
Cruel.] 1. In its natural state; not
cooked or prepared by fire or heat; undressed; not altered,
refined, or prepared for use by any artificial process; raw;
as, crude flesh. \'bdCommon
crude salt.\'b8
Boyle.
Molding to its will each successive deposit of the
crude materials.
I. Taylor.
2. Unripe; not mature or perfect; immature.
I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude.
Milton.
3. Not reduced to order or form;unfinished; not
arranged or prepared; ill-considered; immature.
\'bdCrudeprojects.\'b8
Macualay.
Crude, undigested masses of suggestion, furnishing
rather raw materials for composition.
De Quincey.
The originals of Nature in their crude
Conception.
Milton.
4. Undigested; unconcocted; not brought into a form
to give nourishment. \'bdCrude and
inconcoct.\'b8
Bacon.
5. Having, or displaying, superficial and
undigested knowledge; without culture or profudity; as, a
crude reasoner.
6. (Paint.) Harsh and offensive, as a
color; tawdry or in bad taste, as a combination of colors, or any
design or work of art.
Crude"ly, adv. In a crude, immature
manner.
Crude"ness, n. A crude, undigested, or
unprepared state; rawness; unripeness; immatureness; unfitness
for a destined use or purpose; as, the crudeness of
iron ore; crudeness of theories or plans.
Cru"di*ty (kr?"d?-t?), n.; pl.
Crudities (-t. [L.
cruditas, fr. crudus: cf. F.
crudit. See Crude.] 1.
The condition of being crude; rawness.
2. That which is in a crude or undigested state;
hence, superficial, undigested views, not reduced to order or
form. \'bdCridities in the stomach.\'b8
Arbuthnot.
Cru"dle (-d'l), v. i. See
Cruddle.
Crud"y (kr?d"?), a. [From
Crud.] Coagulated. [Obs.]
His cruel wounds with crudy blood congealed.
Spenser.
Cru"dy (kr?"d?), a. [From
Crude.] Characterized by crudeness;
raw. [Obs.]
The foolish and dull and crudy vapors.
Shak.
Cru"el (kr?"?l), n. See
Crewel.
Cru"el (kr\'b5"?l), a. [F.
cruel, fr. L.
crudelis, fr. crudus. See
Crude.] 1. Disposed to give pain to
others; willing or pleased to hurt, torment, or afflict;
destitute of sympathetic kindness and pity; savage; inhuman;
hard-hearted; merciless.
Behold a people cometh from the north country; . . . they are
cruel and have no mercy.
Jer. vi. 22,23.
2. Causing, or fitted to cause, pain, grief, or
misery.
Cruel wars, wasting the earth.
Milton.
Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath for
it was cruel.
Gen. xlix. 7.
3. Attended with cruetly; painful; harsh.
You have seen cruel proof of this man's
strength.
Shak.
Cru"el*ly, adv. 1. In a cruel
manner.
2. Extremly; very. [Colloq.]
Spectator.
Cru"el*ness, n.Cruelty.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Cru"els (kr?"?lz), n. pl.
[Corrupt. fr. F. scrofula.]
Glandular scrofulous swellings in the neck.
Cru"el*ty (-t?), n.; pl.
Cruelties (-t. [OF.
cruelt, F. cruaut, fr. L.
crudelitas, fr. crudelis. See
Cruel.]
<-- p. 351 -->
1. The attribute or quality of being cruel; a
disposition to give unnecessary pain or suffering to others;
inhumanity; barbarity.
Pierced through the heart with your stern
cruelty.
Shak.
2. A cruel and barbarous deed; inhuman treatment;
the act of willfully causing unnecessary pain.
Cruelties worthy of the dungeons of the
Inquisition.
Macualay.
Cru"en*tate (kr?"?n-t?t), a.
[L. cruentatus, p. p. of cruentare to
make bloody, fr. cruentus bloody, fr.
cruor. See Crude.] Smeared with
blood. [Obs.]
Glanwill.
Cru*en"tous (kr?-?n"t?s), a.
[L. cruentus.] Bloody;
cruentate. [Obs.]
Cru"et, n. [Anglo-French
cruet, a dim. from OF. crue,
cruie; of German or Celtic origin, and akin to E.
crock an earthen vessel.] 1. A
bottle or vessel; esp., aviai or small glass bottle for holding
vinegar, oil, pepper, or the like, for the table; a caster.
Swift.
2. (Eccl.) A vessel used to hold wine,
oil, or water for the service of the altar.
Cruet stand, a frame for holding cruets; a
caster.
Cruise (kr?s), n. See
Cruse, a small bottle.
Cruise (kr?z), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cruised
(kr?zd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cruising.] [D. kruisen to
move crosswise or in a zigzag, to cruise, fr. kruis
cross, fr. OF. crois, croiz, F.
croix, or directly fr. OF. croisier, F.
croiser, to cross, cruise, fr. crois a
cross. See Cross.]
1. To sail back and forth on the ocean; to sail, as
for the potection of commerce, in search of an enemy, for
plunder, or for pleasure.
in any particular sea or
ocean; as, in the Baltic or in the
Atlantic. She cruises off any cape; as, off
the Lizard; off Ushant. She cruises on a
coast; as, on the coast of Africa. A priate
cruises to seize vessels; a yacht cruises
for the pleasure of the owner.
Ships of war were aent to cruise near the isle of
Bute.
Macualay.
'Mid sands, and rocks, and storms to cruise for
pleasure.
Young.
2. To wander hither and thither on land.
[Colloq.]
Cruise, n. A voyage made in various
directions, as of an armed vessel, for the protection of other
vessels, or in search of an enemy; a sailing to and fro, as for
exploration or for pleasure.
He feigned a compliance with some of his men, who were bent
upon going a cruise to Manilla.
Dampier.
Cruis"er (kr?"z?r), n. One who,
or a vessel that, cruises; -- usually an armed vessel.
Cruive (kr?v), n. A kind of
weir or dam for trapping salmon; also, a hovel.
[Scot.]
Crull (kr?l), a.
[SeeCurl.] Curly; curled.
[Obs.]
Crul"ler (kr?l"l?r), n. [Cf.
Curl.] A kind of sweet cake cut in strips and
curled or twisted, and fried crisp in boiling fat.
[Also written kruller.]
Crumb (kr?m), n. [AS.
cruma, akin to D. kruim, G.
krume; cf. G. krauen to scratch,
claw.] [Written also crum.]
1. A small fragment or piece; especially, a small
piece of bread or other food, broken or cut off.
Desiring to be fed with the crumbs which fell from
the rich man's table.
Luke xvi. 21.
2. Fig.: A little; a bit; as, a crumb
of comfort.
3. The soft part of bread.
Dust unto dust, what must be, must;
If you can't get crumb, you'd best eat crust.
Old Song.
Crumb brush, a brush for sweeping crumbs from
a table. -- To a crum, with great exactness;
completely.
Crumb, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Crumbed (kr?md); p. pr. &
vb.n. Crumbing (kr?m"?ng).]
To break into crumbs or small pieces with the fingers;
as, to crumb bread. [Written also
crum.]
Crumb"cloth` (-kl, n.
A cloth to be laid under a dining table to receive falling
fragments, and keep the carpet or floor clean.
[Written also crumcloth.]
Crum"ble (kr?m"b'l), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Crumbled
(-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Crumbling
(-bl?ng).] [Dim. of crumb,
v. t., akin to D. krimelen G.
kr.] To break into small pieces; to
cause to fall in pieces.
He with his bare wand can unthread thy joints,
And crumble all thy sinews.
Milton.
Crum"ble, v. i. To fall into small
pieces; to break or part into small fragments; hence, to fall to
decay or ruin; to become disintegrated; to perish.
If the stone is brittle, it will crumble and pass
into the form of gravel.
Arbuthnot.
The league deprived of its principal supports must soon
crumble to pieces.
Prescott.
Crum"bly (-bl?), a. EAsily
crumbled; friable; brittle. \'bdThe crumbly
soil.\'b8
Hawthorne.
Cru"me*nal (kr?"m?-nal), n.
[L. crumena purse.] A purse.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Crum"ma*ble (kr?m"mA-b'l), a.
Capable of being crumbed or broken into small pieces.
Crum"my (kr?m"m?), a. 1.
Full of crumb or crumbs.
2. Soft, as the crumb of bread is; not
crusty.
Crump (kr?mp), a. [AS.
crumb stooping, bent down; akin to OHG.
chrumb, G. krumm, Dan. krum,
D. krom, and E. cramp.] 1.
Crooked; bent. [Obs.]
Crooked backs and crump shoulders.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Hard or crusty; dry baked; as, a
crump loaf. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Hallivell.
Crump"et (kr?mp"?t), n. [Prob.
from W. crempog, crammwgth, a pancake or
fritter.] A kind of large. thin muffin or cake, light
and spongy, and cooked on a griddle or spider.
Crum"ple (kr?m"p'l), v. t.
[imp & p. p. Crumpled
(-p'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Crumpling
(-pl?ng).] [Dim. fr. crump,
a.] To draw or press into wrinkles or folds
to crush together; to rumple; as, to crumple
paper.
They crumpled it into all shapes, and diligently
scanned every wrinkle that could be made.
Addison.
Crum"ple, v. i. To contract irregularly;
to show wrinkless after being crushed together; as, leaves
crumple.
Crump"y (kr?mp"Y), a. Brittle;
crisp.
Wright.
Crunch (kr?nch), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Crunched
(kr?ncht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crunching.] [Prob. of imitative origin;
or cf. D. schransen to eat heartily, or E.
scrunch.] 1. To chew with force
and noise; to craunch.
And their white tusks crunched o'er the whiter
skull.
Byron.
2. To grind or press with violence and noise.
The ship crunched through the ice.
Kane.
3. To emit a grinding or craunching noise.
The crunching and ratting of the loose stones.
H. James.
Crunch, v. t. To crush with the teeth;
to chew with a grinding noise; to craunch; as, to
crunch a biscuit.
{ Crunk (kr?nk), Crun"kle
(kr?n"k'l), } v. i. [Cf. Icel.
kr to croak.] To cry like a
crane. [Obs.] \'bdThe crane
crunketh.\'b8
Withals (1608).
Cru*no"dal (kr?-n?"dal), a.
(Geom.) Possessing, or characterized by, a
crunode; -- used of curves.
Cru"node (kr?"n?d), n. [Prob.
fr. L. crux a cross + E. node.]
(Geom.) A point where one branch of a curve
crosses another branch. See Double point, under
Double, a.
\'d8Cru"or (kr?"?r), n. [L.,
blood. See Crude.] The coloring matter of the
blood; the clotted portion of coagulated blood, containing the
coloring matter; gore.
Cru"o*rin (-?-r?n), n.
(Physiol.) The coloring matter of the blood in
the living animal; h\'91moglobin.
Crup (kr?p), a. [Cf. OHG.
grop, G. grob, coarse.] Short;
brittle; as, crup cake.
Todd.
Crup (kr?p), n. See
Croup, the rump of a horse.
Crup"per (kr?p"p?r in U.S.; kr?p"?r in
Eng.), n. [F. croupi,
fr. croupe. See Croup the rump of a
horse.] [Written also crouper.]
1. The buttocks or rump of a horse.
2. A leather loop, passing under a horse's tail,
and buckled to the saddle to keep it from slipping
forwards.
Crup"per, v. t. To fit with a crupper;
to place a crupper upon; as, to crupper a
horse.
\'d8Cru"ra (kr?"r?), n. pl.
(Anat.) See Crus.
Cru"ral (-ral), a. [L.
cruralis, fr. crus, cruris,
leg: cf. F. crural.] (Anat.) Of
or pertaining to the thigh or leg, or to any of the parts called
crura; as, the crural arteries;
crural arch; crural canal; crural
ring.
\'d8Crus (kr?s), n.; pl.
Crura (kr. [L., the
leg.] (Anat.) (a) That part of the
hind limb between the femur, or thigh, and the ankle, or tarsus;
the shank. (b) Often applied, especially in
the plural, to parts which are supposed to resemble a pair of
legs; as, the crura of the diaphragm, a pair of
muscles attached to it; crura cerebri, two bundles of
nerve fibers in the base of the brain, connecting the medulla and
the forebrain.
Cru*sade" (kr?-s?d"), n. [F.
croisade, fr. Pr. crozada, or Sp
cruzada, or It. crociata, from a verb
signifying to take the cross, mark one's self with a cross, fr.
L. crux cross; or possibly taken into English
directly fr. Pr. Cf. Croisade, Crosado, and see
Cross.] 1. Any one of the military
expeditions undertaken by Christian powers, in the 11th, 12th,
and 13th centuries, for the recovery of the Holy Land from the
Mohammedans.
2. Any enterprise undertaken with zeal and
enthusiasm; as, a crusade against
intemperance.
3. A Portuguese coin. See Crusado.
Cru*sade", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Crusaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Crusading.] To engage in a crusade; to
attack in a zealous or hot-headed manner. \'bdCease
crusading against sense.\'b8
M. Green.
Cru*sad"er (-s?"d?r), n. One
engaged in a crusade; as, the crusaders of the
Middle Ages.
Azure-eyed and golden-haired,
Forth the young crusaders fared.
Longfellow.
Cru*sad"ing, a. Of or pertaining to a
crusade; as, a crusading spirit.
Cru*sa"do (-s?"d?), n. [Pg.
cruzado, fr. cruz, fr. L. crux.
See Crusade, 3.] An old Portuguese coin,
worth about seventy cents. [Written also
cruade.]
Shak.
Cruse (kr?s), n. [Akin to LG.
kruus, kroos, mug, jug, jar, D.
kroes, G. krause, Icel. krus,
Sw. krus, Dan. kruus. Cf.
Crucible, Cresset.] 1. A
cup or dish.
Take with thee . . . a cruse of honey.
1 Kings xiv. 3.
2. A bottle for holding water, oil, honey,
etc.
So David took . . . the cruse of water.
1 Sam. xxvi. 12.
Cru"set (kr?"s?t), n. [Cf. F.
creuset. See Cruse, Crucible.]
A goldsmith's crucible or melting pot.
Crush (kr?sh), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Crushed
(kr?sht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crushing.] [OE. cruschen,
crousshen, Of. cruisir,
croissir, fr. LL. cruscire, prob. of Ger.
origin, from a derivative of the word seen in Goth.
kruistan to gnash; akin to Sw. krysta to
squeeze, Dan. kryste, Icel.
kreysta.] 1. To press or bruise
between two hard bodies; to squeeze, so as to destroy the natural
shape or integrity of the parts, or to force together into a
mass; as, to crush grapes.
Ye shall not offer unto the Lord that which is bruised, or
crushed, or broken, or cut.
Lev. xxii. 24.
The ass . . . thrust herself unto the wall, and
crushed Balaam's foot against the wall.
Num. xxii. 25.
2. To reduce to fine particles by pounding or
grinding; to comminute; as, to crush
quartz.
3. To overwhelm by pressure or weight; to beat or
force down, as by an incumbent weight.
To crush the pillars which the pile sustain.
Dryden.
Truth, crushed to earth, shall rise again.
Bryant.
4. To oppress or burden grievously.
Thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed alway.
Deut. xxviii. 33.
5. To overcome completely; to subdue totally.
Speedily overtaking and crushing the rebels.
Sir. W. Scott.
To crush a cup, to drink.
[Obs.] -- To crush out. (a)
To force out or separate by pressure, as juice from
grapes. (b) To overcome or destroy completely;
to suppress.
Crush (kr?sh), v. i. To be or
become broken down or in, or pressed into a smaller compass, by
external weight or force; as, an eggshell crushes
easily.
Crush, n. 1. A violent
collision or compression; a crash; destruction; ruin.
The wreck of matter, and the crush of worlds.
Addison.
2. Violent pressure, as of a crowd; a crowd which
produced uncomfortable pressure; as, a crush at a
peception.
Crush hat, a hat which collapses, and can be
carried under the arm, and when expanded is held in shape by
springs; hence, any hat not injured by compressing. --
Crush room, a large room in a theater, opera
house, etc., where the audience may promenade or converse during
the intermissions; a foyer.
Politics leave very little time for the bow window at White's
in the day, or for the crush room of the opera at
night.
Macualay.
Crush"er (-?r), n. One who, or
that which, crushes.
Crusher gauge, an instrument for measuring the
explosive force of gunpowder, etc., by its effect in compressing
a piece of metal.
Crush"ing, a. That crushes;
overwhelming. \'bdThe blow must be quick and
crushing.\'b8
Macualay.
Crust (kr?st), n. [L.
crusta: cf. OF. crouste, F.
cro; prob. akin to Gr. crystal, from the same root as E. crude,
raw. See Raw, and cf.
Custard.] 1. The hard external coat
or covering of anything; the hard exterior surface or outer
shell; an incrustation; as, a crust of
snow.
I have known the statute of an emperor quite hid under a
crust of dross.
Addison.
Below this icy crust of conformity, the waters of
infidelity lay dark and deep as ever.
Prescott.
2. (Cookery) (a) The hard
exterior or surface of bread, in distinction from the soft part
or crumb; or a piece of bread grown dry or hard.
(b) The cover or case of a pie, in distinction from
the soft contents. (c) The dough, or mass of
doughy paste, cooked with a potpie; -- also called
dumpling.
Th' impenetrable crust thy teeth defies.
Dryden.
He that keeps nor crust nor crumb.
Shak.
They . . . made the crust for the venison
pasty.
Macualay.
3. (Geol.) The exterior portion of the
earth, formerly universally supposed to inclose a molten
interior.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The shell of crabs,
lobsters, etc.
5. (Med.) A hard mass, made up of dried
secretions blood, or pus, occurring upon the surface of the
body.
6. An incrustation on the interior of wine bottles,
the result of the ripening of the wine; a deposit of tartar, etc.
See Beeswing.
Crust, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Crusted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Crusting.] [Cf. OF.
crouster, L. crustare. See Crust,
n. ] To cover with a crust; to cover or
line with an incrustation; to incrust.
The whole body is crusted over with ice.
Boyle.
And now their legs, and breast, and bodies stood
Crusted with bark.
Addison.
Very foul and crusted bottles.
Swift.
Their minds are crusted over, like diamonds in the
rock.
Felton.
Crust, v. i. To gather or contract into
a hard crust; to become incrusted.
The place that was burnt . . . crusted and
healed.
Temple.
\'d8Crus"ta (kr?s"t?), n. [L.,
shell, crust, inlaid work.]
1. A crust or shell.
2. A gem engraved, or a plate embossed in low
relief, for inlaying a vase or other object.
\'d8Crus*ta"ce*a (kr?s-t?"sh?-?), n.
pl. [Neut. pl. of NL. crustaceus pert. to
the crust or shell, from L. crusta the hard surfsce of
a body, rind, shell.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
classes of the arthropods, including lobsters and crabs; -- so
called from the crustlike shell with which they are
covered.
cephalothorax, and of a posterior jointed part called
the abdomen, postabdomen, and (improperly)
tail. They breathe by means of gills variously
attached to some of the limbs or to the sides the body, according
to the group. They are divisible into two subclasses,
Entomostraca and Malacostraca, each of which includes several
orders.
Crus*ta"cean (kr?s-t?"shan; 97),
a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Crustacea; crustaceous. -- n. An
animal belonging to the class Crustacea.
Crus*ta`ce*o*log"ic*al
(-sh?-?-l?j"?-kal), a.
Pertaining to crustaceology.
Crus*ta`ce*ol"o*gist (-?ll"?-j?st),
n. One versed in crustaceology; a
crustalogist.
Crus*ta`ce*ol"o*gy (-j?), n.
[Crustacea + -logy.] That
branch of Zo\'94logy which treats of the Crustacea;
malacostracology; carcinology.
Crus*ta"ceous (kr?s-t?"sh?s; 97), a.
[NL. crustaceous. See crustacea.]
1. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, crust or
shell; having a crustlike shell.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the
Crustacea; crustacean.
Crus*ta"ceous*ness, n. The state or
quality of being crustaceous or having a crustlike shell.
Crust"al (kr?st"al), a.
Relating to a crust.
Crus`ta*log"ic*al (kr?s`t?-l?j"?-kal),
a. Pertaining to crustalogy.
Crus*tal"o*gist (-t,
n. One versed in crustalogy.
<-- p. 352 -->
Crus*tal"o*gy (kr?s-t?l"?-j?), n.
[L. crusta shell + -logy.]
Crustaceology.
Crus"ta*ted (kr?s"t?-t?d), a.
[L. crustatus, p. p. of crustare, fr.
crusta. See Crust.] Covered with a
crust; as, crustated basalt.
Crus*ta"tion (kr?s-t?"sh?n), n.
An adherent crust; an incrustation.
Pepys.
Crust"ed (kr?st"?d), a.
Incrusted; covered with, or containing, crust; as, old,
crusted port wine.
Crus*tif`ic (kr?s-t?f"?k), a.
[L. crusta crust + -facere to
make.] Producing or forming a crust or skin.
[R.]
Crust"i*ly (kr?st"?-l\'b5), adv.
In a crusty or surly manner; morosely.
Crust"i*ness (-?-n?s), n.
1. The state or quality of having crust or being
like crust; hardness.
2. The quality of being crusty or surly.
Old Christy forgot his usual crustiness.
W. Irving.
Crust"y (-?), a. 1.
Having the nature of crust; pertaining to a hard covering;
as, a crusty coat; a crusty surface or
substance.
2. [Possibly a corruption of cursty. Cf.
Curst, Curstness.] Having a hard
exterior, or a short, rough manner, though kind at heart;
snappish; peevish; surly.
Thou crusty batch of nature, what's the news?
Shak.
Crut (kr?t), n. [Cf. F.
cro crust.] The rough, shaggy part of
oak bark.
Crutch (kr?ch; 224), n.; pl.
Crutches (-. [OE.
cruche, AS. crycc, cricc; akin
to D. kruk, G. kr, Dan.
krykke, Sw. krycka, and to E.
crook. See Crook, and cf. Cricket a
low stool.] 1. A staff with a crosspiece at
the head, to be placed under the arm or shoulder, to support the
lame or infirm in walking.
I'll lean upon one crutch, and fight with the
other.
Shak.
Rhyme is a crutch that lifts the weak alone.
H. Smith.
2. A form of pommel for a woman's saddle,
consisting of a forked rest to hold the leg of the rider.
3. (Naut.) (a) A knee, or piece
of knee timber. (b) A forked stanchion or
post; a crotch. See Crotch.
Crutch, v. t. To support on crutches; to
prop up. [R.]
Two fools that crutch their feeble sense on
verse.
Dryden.
Crutched (kr?cht), a. 1.
Supported upon crutches.
2. [See Crouch, v. t., and
Crouched, a. ] Marked with the
sign of the cross; crouched.
Crutched friar (Eccl.), one of a
religious order, so called because its members bore the sign of
the cross on their staves and habits; -- called also
crossed friar and crouched
friar.
Cruth (kr?th), n. [W.
crwth.] (Mus.) See 4th
Crowd.
\'d8Crux (kr?ks), n.; pl. E.
Cruxes (-, L. Cruces
(kr. [L., cross, torture,
trouble.] Anything that is very puzzling or difficult
to explain.
Dr. Sheridan.
The perpetual crux of New Testament
chronologists.
Strauss.
\'d8Cru*za"do (kr?-z?"d?), n. A
coin. See Crusado.
\'d8Crwth (kr??th), n.
[W.] (Mus) See 4th
Crowd.
Cry (kr?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cried
(kr?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crying.] [F. crier, cf. L.
quiritare to raise a plaintive cry, scream, shriek,
perh. fr. queri to complain; cf. Skr. cvas
to pant, hiss, sigh. Cf. Quarrel a brawl,
Querulous.] 1. To make a loud call
or cry; to call or exclaim vehemently or earnestly; to shout; to
vociferate; to proclaim; to pray; to implore.
And about the ninth hour, Jesus cried with a loud
voice.
Matt. xxvii. 46.
Clapping their hands, and crying with loud
voice.
Shak.
Hear the voice of my supplications when I cry unto
thee.
Ps. xxviii. 2.
The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness,
Prepare ye the way of the Lord.
Is. xl. 3.
Some cried after him to return.
Bunyan.
2. To utter lamentations; to lament audibly; to
express pain, grief, or distress, by weeping and sobbing; to shed
tears; to bawl, as a child.
Ye shall cry for sorrow of heart.
Is. lxv. 14.
I could find it in my heart to disgrace my man's apparel and
to cry like a woman.
Shak.
3. To utter inarticulate sounds, as animals.
The young ravens which cry.
Ps. cxlvii. 9.
In a cowslip's bell I lie
There I couch when owls do cry.
Shak.
To cry on upon,
to call upon the name of; to beseech.\'bdNo longer
on Saint Denis will we cry.\'b8
Shak. -- To cry out. (a) To
exclaim; to vociferate; to scream; to clamor. (b)
To complain loudly; to lament. -- To cry out
against, to complain loudly of; to censure; to
blame. -- To cry out on upon, to denounce; to censure.
\'bdCries out upon abuses.\'b8 Shak. --
To cry to, to call on in prayer; to implore.
-- To cry you mercy, to beg your pardon. \'bdI
cry you mercy, madam; was it you?\'b8
Shak.
Cry, v. t. 1. To utter loudly;
to call out; to shout; to sound abroad; to declare
publicly.
All, all, cry shame against ye, yet I 'll
speak.
Shak.
The man . . . ran on,crying, Life! life! Eternal
life!
Bunyan.
2. To cause to do something, or bring to some
state, by crying or weeping; as, to cry one's self
to sleep.
3. To make oral and public proclamation of; to
declare publicly; to notify or advertise by outcry, especially
things lost or found, goods to be sold, ets.; as, to
cry goods, etc.
Love is lost, and thus she cries him.
Crashaw.
4. Hence, to publish the banns of, as for
marriage.
I should not be surprised if they were cried in
church next Sabbath.
Judd.
To cry aim. See under Aim. --
To cry down, to decry; to depreciate; to
dispraise; to condemn.
Men of dissolute lives cry down religion, because
they would not be under the restraints of it.
Tillotson.
-- To cry out, to proclaim; to shout.\'bdYour
gesture cries it out.\'b8
Shak. -- To cry quits, to propose,
or declare, the abandonment of a contest. -- To cry
up, to enhance the value or reputation of by public and
noisy praise; to extol; to laud publicly or urgently.
Cry (kr?), n.; pl.
Cries (kr. [F.
cri, fr. crier to cry. See Cry,
v. i. ] 1. A loud utterance;
especially, the inarticulate sound produced by one of the lower
animals; as, the cry of hounds; the cry
of wolves.
Milton.
2. Outcry; clamor; tumult; popular demand.
Again that cry was found to have been as
unreasonable as ever.
Macaulay.
3. Any expression of grief, distress, etc.,
accompanied with tears or sobs; a loud sound, uttered in
lamentation.
There shall be a great cry throughout all the
land.
Ex. xi. 6.
An infant crying in the night,
An infant crying for the light;
And with no language but a cry.
Tennyson.
4. Loud expression of triumph or wonder or of
popular acclamation or favor.
Swift.
The cry went once on thee.
Shak.
5. Importunate supplication.
O, the most piteous cry of the poor souls.
Shak.
6. Public advertisement by outcry; proclamation, as
by hawkers of their wares.
The street cries of London.
Mayhew.
7. Common report; fame.
The cry goes that you shall marry her.
Shak.
8. A word or phrase caught up by a party or faction
and repeated for effect; as, the party cry of the
Tories.
All now depends upon a good cry.
Beaconsfield.
9. A pack of hounds.
Milton.
A cry more tunable
Was never hollaed to, nor cheered with horn.
Shak.
10. A pack or company of persons; -- in
contempt.
Would not this . . . get me a fellowship in a cry
of players?
Shak.
11. The cracklling noise made by block tin when it
is bent back and forth.
A far cry, a long distance; -- in allusion to
the sending of criers or messengers through the territory of a
Scottish clan with an announcement or summons.
Cry"al (kr?"al), n.
[Cf. W. creyr, cryr,
crychydd. Cf. Cruer a hawk.] The
heron [Obs.]
Ainsworth.
Cry"er (-?r), n. [F. faucon
gruyer a falcon trained to fly at the crane, fr.
crye crane, fr. L. crus crane. Cf.
Cryal.] The female of the hawk; a
falcon-gentil.
Cry"ing, a. Calling for notice;
compelling attention; notorious; heinous; as, a
crying evil.
Too much fondness for meditative retirement is not the
crying sin of our modern Christianity.
I. Taylor.
Cry`o*hy"drate (kr?`?-h?"dr?t), n.
[Gr. hydrate.]
(Chem.) A substance, as salt, ammonium chloride,
etc., which crystallizes with water of crystallization only at
low temperatures, or below the freezing point of water.
F. Guthrie.
Cry"o*lite (kr?"?-l?t), n. [Gr.
-lite: cf. F.
cryolithe.] (Min.) A fluoride of
sodium and aluminum, found in Greenland, in white cleavable
masses; -- used as a source of soda and alumina.
Cry*oph"o*rus (kr?-?f"?-r?s), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.) An instrument used to
illustrate the freezing of water by its own evaporation. The
ordinary form consist of two glass bulbs, connected by a tube of
the same material, and containing only a quantity of water and
its vapor, devoid of air. The water is in one of the bulbs, and
freezes when the other is cooled below 32
Crypt (kr?pt), n. [L.
crypta vault, crypt, Gr. Crot, Crotto.]
1. A vault wholly or partly under ground;
especially, a vault under a church, whether used for burial
purposes or for a subterranean chapel or oratory.
Priesthood works out its task age after age, . . . treasuring
in convents and crypts the few fossils of antique
learning.
Motley.
My knees are bowed in crypt and shrine.
Tennyson.
2. (Anat.) A simple gland, glandular
cavity, or tube; a follicle; as, the cryps of
Lieberk.
Crypt"al (-al), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to crypts.
{ Cryp"tic (kr?p"t?k),
Cryp"tic*al (-t?-kal), }
a. [L. crypticus, Gr. Hidden; secret;
occult. \'bdHer [nature's] more cryptic ways of
working.\'b8
Glanvill.
Cryp"tic*al*ly, adv. Secretly;
occultly.
Cryp"ti*dine (kr?p"t?-d?n; 104), n.
[Gr. krypto`s hidden.] (Chem.)
One of the quinoline bases, obtained from coal tar as an
oily liquid, C11H11N; also, any one of several
substances metameric with, and resembling, cryptidine
proper.
\'d8Cryp`to*bran`chi*a"ta
(kr?p`t?-bra?`k?-?"t?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. krypto`s hidden + L.
branchia a gill.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A division of the Amphibia; the
Derotremata. (b) A group of nudibranch
mollusks.
Cryp`to*bran"chi*ate (-br??"k?-?t),
a. (Zo\'94l.) Having concealed or
rudimentary gills.
Cryp`to*crys"tal*line (-kr?s"tal-l?n),
a. [Gr. krypto`s hidden + E.
crystalline.] (Geol.)
Indistinctly crystalline; -- applied to rocks and minerals,
whose state of aggregation is so fine that no distinct particles
are visible, even under the microscope.
Cryp"to*gam (kr?p"t?-g?m), n.
[Cf. F. cryptogame. See
Cryptogamia.] (Bot.) A plant
belonging to the Cryptogamia.
Henslow.
\'d8Cryp`to*ga"mi*a (kr?p`t?-g?"m?-?),
n.; pl. Cryptogami\'91
(-. [NL., fr. Gr. krypto`s
hidden, secret + ga`mos marriage.]
(Bot.) The series or division of flowerless
plants, or those never having true stamens and pistils, but
propagated by spores of various kinds.
Pteridophyta, or Vascular
Acrogens. These include Ferns,
Equiseta or Scouring rushes,
Lycopodiace\'91 or Club mosses,
Selaginelle\'91, and several other smaller orders.
Here belonged also the extinct coal plants called
Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, and
Calamites.
II. Bryophita, or Cellular
Acrogens. These include Musci, or Mosses,
Hepatic\'91, or Scale mosses and Liverworts, and
possibly Charace\'91, the Stoneworts.
III. Alg\'91, which are divided into
Floride\'91, the Red Seaweeds, and the orders
Dictyote\'91, O\'94spore\'91,
Zo\'94spore\'91, Conjugat\'91,
Diatomace\'91, and Cryptophyce\'91.
IV. Fungi. The molds, mildews,
mushrooms, puffballs, etc., which are variously grouped into
several subclasses and many orders. The Lichenes or
Lichens are now considered to be of a mixed nature, each plant
partly a Fungus and partly an Alga.
{ Cryp`to*ga"mi*an (kr?p`t?-g?"m?-a]/>n),
Cryp`to*gam"ic (kr?p`t?-g?m"?k),
Cryp*to"gam*ous (#) } a.
Of or pertaining to the series Cryptogamia, or to plants of
that series.
Cryp*tog"a*mist (-m?st), n. One
skilled in cryptogamic botany.
Cryp"to*gram (kr?p"t?-gr?m), n.
A cipher writing. Same as Cryptograph.
Cryp"to*graph (-gr?f), n. [Gr.
krypto`s hidden + -graph: cf. F.
cryptographe.] Cipher; something written in
cipher. \'bdDecipherers of cryptograph.\'b8
J. Earle.
Cryp*tog"ra*phal (kr?p-t?g"r?-fal),
a. Pertaining to cryptography;
cryptographical.
Boyle.
Cryp*tog"ra*pher (kr?p-t?g"r?-f?r),
n. One who writes in cipher, or secret
characters.
{ Cryp`to*graph"ic (kr?p`t?-gr?f"?k),
Cryp`to*graph"ic*al
(kr?p`t?-gr?f"?-kal), } a.
Relating to cryptography; written in secret characters or in
cipher, or with sympathetic ink.
Cryp*tog"ra*phist (kr?p-t?g"r?-f?st),
n. Same as Cryptographer.
Cryp*tog"ra*phy (-f?), n. [Cf.
F. cryptographie.] The act or art of
writing in secret characters; also, secret characters, or
cipher.
Cryp*tol"o*gu (kr?p-t?l"?-j?), n.
[Gr. krypto`s hidden + -logy.]
Secret or enigmatical language.
Johnson.
Cryp"to*nym (kr?p"t?-n?m), n.
[Gr. A
secret name; a name by which a person is known only to the
initiated.
Cryp"to*pine (kr?p"t?-p?n; 104), n.
[Gr. krypto`s hidden + E.
opium.] (Chem.) A colorless
crystalline alkaloid obtained in small quantities from
opium.
\'d8Cryp*tu"ri (kr?p-t?"r?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of flying, dromTinamou.
Crys"tal (kr?s"tal), n.
[OE. cristal, F. cristal, L.
crystallum crystal, ice, fr. Gr. crystalla, fr.
L. crystallum; prob. akin to E. crust.
See Crust, Raw.] 1. (Chem.
& Min.) The regular form which a substance tends to
assume in solidifying, through the inherent power of cohesive
attraction. It is bounded by plane surfaces, symmetrically
arranged, and each species of crystal has fixed axial ratios. See
Crystallization.
2. The material of quartz, in crystallization
transparent or nearly so, and either colorless or slightly tinged
with gray, or the like; -- called also rock
crystal. Ornamental vessels are made of it. Cf.
Smoky quartz, Pebble; also Brazilian
pebble, under Brazilian.
3. A species of glass, more perfect in its
composition and manufacture than common glass, and often cut into
ornamental forms. See Flint glass.
4. The glass over the dial of a watch case.
5. Anything resembling crystal, as clear water,
etc.
The blue crystal of the seas.
Byron.
Blood crystal. See under Blood.
-- Compound crystal. See under
Compound. -- Iceland crystal, a
transparent variety of calcite, or crystallized calcium
carbonate, brought from Iceland, and used in certain optical
instruments, as the polariscope. -- Rock
crystal, Mountain crystal, any
transparent crystal of quartz, particularly of limpid or
colorless quartz.
Crys"tal, a. Consisting of, or like,
crystal; clear; transparent; lucid; pellucid; crystalline.
Through crystal walls each little mote will
peep.
Shak.
By crystal streams that murmur through the
meads.
Dryden.
The crystal pellets at the touch congeal,
And from the ground rebounds the ratting hail.
H. Brooks.
Crys"tal*lin (-l?n), n.
(Physiol. Chem.) See Gobulin.
Crys"tal*line (kr?s"tal-l?n , a. [L. crystallinus, from
Gr. cristallin. See
Crystal.] 1. Consisting, or made, of
crystal.
Mount, eagle, to my palace crystalline.
Shak.
2. Formed by crystallization; like crystal in
texture.
Their crystalline structure.
Whewell.
3. Imperfectly crystallized; as, granite is
only crystalline, while quartz crystal is perfectlly
crystallized.
4. Fig.: Resembling crystal; pure; transparent;
pellucid. \'bdThe crystalline sky.\'b8
Milton.
Crystalline heavens, Crystalline
spheres, in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy,
two transparent spheres imagined to exist between the region of
the fixed stars and the primum mobile (or outer circle
of the heavens, which by its motion was supposed to carry round
all those within it), in order to explain certain movements of
the heavently bodies. -- Crystalline lens
(Anat.), the capsular lenslike body in the eye,
serving to focus the rays of light. It consists of rodlike cells
derived from the external embryonic epithelium.
Crys"tal*line, n. 1. A
crystalline substance.
2. See Aniline. [Obs.]
Crys"tal*lite (kr?s"tal-l?t),
n. [See Crystal.]
(Min.) A minute mineral form like those common in
glassy volcanic rocks and some slags, not having a definite
crystalline outline and not referable to any mineral species, but
marking the first step in the crystallization process. According
to their form crystallites are called trichites,
belonites, globulites, etc.
<-- p. 353 -->
Crys"tal*li`za*ble
(kr?s"tal-l?`z?-b'l), a.
Capable of being crystallized; that may be formed into
crystals.
Crys`tal*li*za"tion
(kr?s`tal-l?-z?"sh?n), n. [Cf.
F. cristallization.] 1. (Chem. &
Min.) The act or process by which a substance in
solidifying assumes the form and sructure of a crystal, or
becomes crystallized.
2. The body formed by crystallizing; as, silver
on precipitation forms arborescent
crystallizations.
1. The Isometric, has the axes all equal, as in the cube,
octahedron, etc. 2. The Tetragonal, has a varying vertical axis, while the
lateral are equal, as in the right square prism.
3. The Orthorhombic, has the three axes unequal, as in the rectangular
and rhombic prism. In this system, the lateral axes are called,
respectively, macrodiagonal and
brachydiagonal. -- The preceding are erect forms, the
axes intersecting at right angles. The following are oblique.
4. The Monoclinic system, having
one of the intersections oblique, as in the oblique rhombic
prism. In this system, the lateral axes are called respectively,
clinodiagonal and orthodiagonal.
5. The Triclinic system, having all
the three intersections oblique, as in the oblique rhomboidal
prism. There is also: 6. The Hexagonal
system (one division of which is called
Rhombohedral), in which there are three equal lateral
axes, and a vertical axis of variable length, as in the hexagonal
prism and the rhombohedron.
The Diclinic system, sometimes
recognized, with two oblique intersections, is only a variety of
the Triclinic.
Crys"tal*lize (kr?s"tal-l?z), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Crystallized (-l?zd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Crystallizing.] [Cf. F.
cristalliser. See Crystal.] To
cause to form crystals, or to assume the crystalline form.
Crys"tal*lize, v. i. To be converted
into a crystal; to take on a crystalline form, through the action
of crystallogenic or cohesive attraction.
{ Crys`tal*lo*gen"ic (-l?-j?n"?k),
Crys`tal*lo*gen"ic*al (-?-kal),
} a. Pertaining to the production of
crystals; crystal-producing; as, crystallogenic
attraction.
Crys`tal*log"e*ny (kr?s`tal-l?j"?-n?),
n. [Gr. The science which
pertains to the production of crystals.
Crys`tal*log"ra*pher
(kr?s`tal-l?g"r?-f?r), n. One
who describes crystals, or the manner of their formation; one
versed in crystallography.
{ Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic (-l?-gr?f"?k),
Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic*al (-?-kal),
} a. [Cf. F.
crystallographique.] Pertaining to
crystallography.
Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In the
manner of crystallography.
Crys`tal*log"ra*phy
(kr?s`tal-l?g"r?-f?), n. [Gr.
-graphy: cf. F.
cristallographie. See Crystal.]
1. The doctrine or science of crystallization,
teaching the system of forms among crystals, their structure, and
their methods of formation.
2. A discourse or treatise on
crystallization.
Crys"tal*loid (kr?s"tal-loid),
a. [Gr. -oid.] Crystal-like; transparent like
crystal.
Crys"tal*loid, n. 1.
(Chem.) A body which, in solution, diffuses
readily through animal membranes, and generally is capable of
being crystallized; -- opposed to colloid.
2. (Bot.) One of the microscopic
particles resembling crystals, consisting of protein matter,
which occur in certain plant cells; -- called also
protein crystal.
Cris`tal*lol"o*gy (kr?s`tal-l?l"?-j?),
n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of the crystalline
structure of inorganic bodies.
Crys"tal*lo*man`cy (-l?-m?n`s?), n.
[Gr. -mancy.]
Divination by means of a crystal or other transparent body,
especially a beryl.
Crys`tal*lom"e*try (-l?m"?-tr?), n.
[Gr. -metry.]
The art of measuring crystals.
Crys"tal*lur`gy (-l?r`j?), n.
[Gr.
Crystallizaton.
Cte"no*cyst (t?"n?-s?st), n.
[Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An organ of the
Ctenophora, supposed to be sensory.
Cte"noid (t?"noid , a.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Having a comblike margin,
as a ctenoid scale. (b) Pertaining to the
Ctenoidei. -- n. A
ctenoidean.
Cte*noid"e*an (t?-noid"?-a]/>n), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Relating to the Ctenoidei. --
n. One of the Ctenoidei.
\'d8Cte*noid"e*i (-?-?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of
fishes, established by Agassiz, characterized by having scales
with a pectinated margin, as in the perch. The group is now
generally regarded as artificial.
\'d8Cte*noph"o*ra (t?-n?f"?-r?), n.
pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A class
of C\'d2lenterata, commonly ellipsoidal in shape, swimming by
means of eight longitudinal rows of paddles. The separate paddles
somewhat resemble combs.
Cten"o*phore (t?n"?-f?r), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Ctenophora.
{ Cten`o*phor"ic (t?n`?-f?r"?k),
Cte*noph"o*rous (t?-n?f"?-r?s), }
a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Ctenophora.
\'d8Cten`o*stom"a*ta (t?n`?-st?m"?-t?), n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
A suborder of Bryozoa, usually having a circle of bristles
below the tentacles.
Cub (k?b), n. [Cf. Ir.
cuib cub, whelp, young dog, Ir. & Gael. cu
dog; akin to E. hound.] 1. A young
animal, esp. the young of the bear.
2. Jocosely or in contempt, a boy or girl, esp. an
awkward, rude, illmannered boy.
O, thuo dissembling cub! what
wilt thou be
When time hath sowed a drizzle on thy
case?
Shak.
Cub, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Cubbed (kp. pr. & vb. n.
Cubbing.] To bring forth; -- said of
animals, or in contempt, of persons. \'bdCubb'd
in a cabin.\'b8
Dryden.
Cub, n. [Cf. Cub a young
animal.] 1. A stall for cattle.
[Obs.]
I would rather have such . . . .in cubor kennel
than in my closet or at my table.
Landor.
2. A cupboard. [Obs.]
Laud.
Cub, v. t. To shut up or confine.
[Obs.]
Burton.
Cu"ban (k?"ban), a. Of
or pertaining to Cuba or its inhabitants. --
n. A native or an inhabitant of
Cuba.
Cu*ba"tion (k?-b?"sh?n), n. [L.
cubatio, fr. cubare to lie down.]
The act of lying down; a reclining.
[Obs.]
Cu"ba*to*ry (k?"b?-t?-r?), a.
[L. cubator he who lies down, fr.
cubare.] Lying down; recumbent.
[R.]
Cu"ba*ture (k?"b?-t?r; 135), n.
[L. cubus cube: cf. F. cubature.
See Cube.] The process of determining the
solid or cubic contents of a body.
Cub"bridge-head` (k?b"r?jj-h?d), n.
(Naut.) A bulkhead on the forecastle and half
deck of a ship.
{ Cub"by (k?b"b?), Cub"by*hole`
(-h?l`), } n. [See Cub a
stall.] A snug or confined place.
Cub"*drawn` (k?b"dr?n`), a.
Sucked by cubs. [R.]
This night, wherein the cub-drawn bear would
couch.
Shak.
Cube (k?b), n. [F.
cube, L. cubus, fr. Gr. 1. (Geom.) A
regular solid body, with six equal square sides.
2. (Math.) The product obtained by
taking a number or quantity three times as a factor; as,
4x4=16, and 16x4=64, the cube
of 4.
Cube ore (Min.), pharmacosiderite.
It commonly crystallizes in cubes of a green color. --
Cube root. (Math.), the number or
quantity which, multiplied into itself, and then into the
product, produces the given cube; thus, 3 is the cube root of 27,
for 3x3x3 = 27. -- Cube spar
(Min.), anhydrite; anhydrous calcium
sulphate.
Cube, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cubed (k?bd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cubing.] To raise to the third
power; to obtain the cube of.
Cu"beb (k?"b?b), n. [F.
cub (cf. It. cubebe, Pr., Sp., Pg., &
NL. cubeba), fr. Ar. kab.]
The small, spicy berry of a species of pepper (Piper
Cubeba; in med., Cubeba officinalis),
native in Java and Borneo, but now cultivated in various tropical
countries. The dried unripe fruit is much used in medicine as a
stimulant and purgative.
Cu*beb"ic (k?-b?b"?k), a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, cubebs; as,
cubebic acid (a soft olive-green resin extracted from
cubebs).
Cub"hood (k?b"h??d), n. The
state of being a cub. [Jocose] \'bdFrom
cubhood to old age.\'b8
W. B. Dawkins.
{ Cu"bic (k?"b?k), Cu"bic*al
(-b?-kal), } a. [L.
cubicus, Gr. cubique. See Cube.] 1.
Having the form or properties of a cube; contained, or
capable of being contained, in a cube.
2. (Crystallog.) Isometric or
monometric; as, cubic cleavage. See
Crystallization.
Cubic equation, an equation in which the
highest power of the unknown quantity is a cube. --
Cubic foot, a volume equivalent to a cubical solid
which measures a foot in each of its dimensions. --
Cubic number, a number produced by multiplying a
number into itself, and that product again by the same number.
See Cube. -- Cubical parabola
(Geom.), two curves of the third degree, one
plane, and one on space of three dimensions.
Cu"bic, n. (Geom.) A curve of
the third degree.
Circular cubic. See under
Circular.
Cu"bic*al*ly, adv. In a cubical
method.
Cu"bic*al*ness, n. The quality of being
cubical.
Cu"bi*cle (k?"b?-k'l), n. [L.
cubiculum.] A loding room; esp., a sleeping
place partitioned off from a large dormitory.
Cu*bic"u*lar (k?-??k"?-l?r), a.
[L. cubicularis, fr. cubiculum a
sleeping room, fr. cubare to lie down.]
Belonging to a chamber or bedroom. [Obs.]
Howell.
Cu"bi*form (k?"b?-f?rm), a. Of
the form of a cube.
\'d8Cu*bi"le (k?-b?"l?), n.
[L., bed.] The lowest course of stones in a
building.
Cu"bi*lose` (k?"b?-l?s`), n.
[L. cubile bed, nest.] A mucilagenous
secretion of certain birds found as the characteristic ingredient
of edible bird's-nests.
Cu"bit (k?"b?t), n. [L.
cubitum, cubitus; elbow, ell, cubit, fr.
(because the elbow serves focubare to lie down, recline; cf. Gr. Incumbent, Covey.]
1. (Anat.) The forearm; the ulna, a bone
of the arm extending from elbow to wrist.
[Obs.]
2. A measure of length, being the distance from the
elbow to the extremity of the middle finger.
Cu"bit*al (k?"b?t-a]/>l), a.
[L. cubitalis.] 1. Of or
pertaining to the cubit or ulna; as, the cubital
nerve; the cubital artery; the cubital
muscle.
2. Of the length of a cubit.
Sir. T. Browne.
Cu"bit*al, n. A sleeve covering the arm
from the elbow to the hand.
Crabb.
Cu"bit*ed, a. Having the measure of a
cubit.
Cub"less (k?b"l?s), a. Having
no cubs.
Byron.
Cu"boid (k?"boid), a.
[Cube + -oid: cf. Gr.
(Anat.) Cube-shaped, or nearly
so; as, the cuboid bone of the foot. --
n. (Anat.) The bone of the
tarsus, which, in man and most mammals, supports the metatarsals
of the fourth and fifth toes.
Cu*boid"al (k?-boid"al), a.
(Anat.) Cuboid.
Cu`bo-oc`ta*he"dral
(k?`b?-?k`t?-h?dral), a.
Presenting a combination of a cube and an octahedron.
Cu`bo-oc`ta*he"dron (-dr?n), n.
(Crystallog.) A combination of a cube and
octahedron, esp. one in which the octahedral faces meet at the
middle of the cubic edges.
\'d8Cu"ca (k??"k?), n. [Sp.,
fr. native name.] See Coca.
Cuck"ing stool` (k.
[Cf. AS. scealfingst\'d3l, a word of similar
meaning, allied to scealfor a diver, mergus avis; or
possibly from F. coquine a hussy, slut, jade, f. of
coquin, OE. cokin, a rascal; or cf. Icel.
k to dung, k dung, the name being
given as to a disgracing or infamous punishment.] A
kind of chair formerly used for punishing scolds, and also
dishonest tradesmen, by fastening them in it, usually in front of
their doors, to be pelted and hooted at by the mob, but sometimes
to be taken to the water and ducked; -- called also a
castigatory, a tumbrel, and
a trebuchet; and often, but not so correctly,
a ducking stool.
Sir. W. Scott.
Cuck"old (k?k"?ld), n. [OE.
kukeweld, cokewold, cokold, fr.
OF. coucoul, cucuault, the last syllable
being modified by the OE. suffix -wold (see
Herald); cf. F. cocu a cuckold, formerly
also, a cuckoo, and L. cuculus a cuckoo. The word
alludes to the habit of the female cuckoo, who lays her eggs in
the nests of other birds, to be hatched by them.]
1. A man whose wife is unfaithful; the husband of
an adulteress.
Shak.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A West Indian
plectognath fish (Ostracion triqueter).
(b) The cowfish.
Cuck"old, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Cuckolded;p. pr. & vb. n.
Cuckolding.] To make a cuckold of, as a
husband, by seducing his wife, or by her becoming an
adulteress.
Shak.
Cuck"old*ize (-?z), v. t. To
cuckold.
Dryden.
Cuck"old*ly, a. Having the qualities of
a cuckold; mean-spirited; sneaking.
Shak.
Cuck"ol*dom (-?l-d?m), n. The
state of a cuckold; cuckolds, collectively.
Addison.
Cuck"old*ry (-?ld-r?), n. The
state of being a cuckold; the practice of making cuckolds.
Cuck"old's knot` (k?k"?ldz n?t`).
(Naut.) A hitch or knot, by which a rope is
secured to a spar, the two parts of the rope being crossed and
seized together; -- called also cuckold's
neck.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Cuck"oo (k??k"??), n. [OE.
coccou, cukkow, F. coucou,
prob. of imitative origin; cf. L. cuculus, Gr.
k, G. kuckuk,
D. koekoek.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird
belonging to Cuculus, Coccyzus, and several
allied genera, of many species.
Cuculus canorus)
builds no nest of its own, but lays its eggs in the nests of
other birds, to be hatched by them. The American yellow-billed
cuckoo (Coccyzus Americanus) and the black-billed
cuckoo (C. erythrophthalmus) build their own
nests.
Cuckoo bee (Zool.), a bee,
parasitic in the larval stage in the nests of other bees, feeding
either upon their food or larvae. They belong to the genera
Nomada, Melecta, Epeolus, and
others. -- Cuckoo clock, a clock so
constructed that at the time for striking it gives forth sounds
resembling the cry of the cuckoo. -- Cuckoo dove
(Zo\'94l.), a long-tailed pigeon of the genus
Macropygia. Many species inhabit the East
Indies. -- Cuckoo fish (Zo\'94l.),
the European red gurnard (Trigla cuculus). The
name probably alludes to the sound that it utters. --
Cuckoo falcon (Zo\'94l.), any falcon of
the genus Baza. The genus inhabits Africa and the
East Indies. -- Cuckoo maid
(Zo\'94l.), the wryneck; -- called also
cuckoo mate. -- Cuckoo ray
(Zo\'94l.), a British ray (Raia
miraletus). -- Cuckoo spit, Cuckoo spittle. (a) A frothy
secretion found upon plants, exuded by the larvae of certain
insects, for concealment; -- called also toad
spittle and frog spit.
(b) (Zo\'94l.) A small hemipterous
insect, the larva of which, living on grass and the leaves of
plants, exudes this secretion. The insects belong to
Aphrophora, Helochara, and allied
genera. -- Ground cuckoo, the chaparral
cock.
<-- p. 354 -->
Cuck"oo*bud" (k??k"??-b?d`), n.
(Bot.) A species of Ranunculus
(R. bulbosus); -- called also
butterflower, buttercup,
kingcup, goldcup.
Shak.
Cuck"oo*flow`er (-flou`?r), n.
(Bot.) A species of Cardamine (C.
pratensis), or lady's smock. Its leaves are used in salads.
Also, the ragged robin (Lychnis Flos-cuculi).
Cuck"oo*pint` (-p?nt`), n.
(Bot.) A plant of the genus Arum
(A. maculatum); the European wake-robin.
Cuc"quean` (k?k"kw?n`), n.
[Cuckold + quean.] A woman
whose husband is unfaithful to her. [Obs.]
\'d8Cu*cu"jo (k??-k??"h?), n.
[Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The fire
beetle of Mexico and the West Indies.
{ Cu"cul*late (k?"k?l-l?t , Cu"cul*la`ted (-l?`t?d , } a. [LL.
cullatus, fr. L. cucullus a cap, hood. See
Cowl a hood.] 1. Hooded; cowled;
covered, as with a hood.
Sir T. Browne.
2. (Bot.) Having the edges toward the
base rolled inward, as the leaf of the commonest American blue
violet.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the
prothorax elevated so as to form a sort of hood, receiving the
head, as in certain insects. (b) Having a
hoodlike crest on the head, as certain birds, mammals, and
reptiles.
Cu"cu*loid (k?k?-loid), a.
[L.cuculus a cuckoo + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like or belonging to the cuckoos
(Cuculid\'91).
Cu"cum*ber (k?`k?m-b?r, formerly
kou"k?m-b?r), n.[OE. cucumer,
cocumber, cucumber, fr. L.
cucmis, gen.cucumeris; cf. OF.
cocombre,F. concombre.]
(Bot.) A creeping plant, and its fruit, of
several species of the genus Cucumis, esp.
Cucumis sativus, the unripe fruit of which is eaten
either fresh or picked. Also, similar plants or fruits of several
other genera. See below.
Bitter cucumber (Bot.), the
Citrullus .
SeeColocynth. -- Cucumber beetle.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A small, black
flea-beetle (Crepidodera cucumeris), which destroys
the leaves of cucumber, squash, and melon vines.
(b) The squash beetle. -- Cucumber
tree.(a) A large ornamental or shade tree of
the genus Magnolia (M. acuminata), so
called from a slight resemblance of its young fruit to a small
cucumber. (b) An East Indian plant
(Averrhoa Bilimbi) which produces the fruit known as
bilimbi. -- Jamaica cucumber,
Jerusalem cucumber, the prickly-fruited
gherkin (Cucumis Anguria). -- Snake
cucumber, a species (Cucumis flexuosus)
remarkable for its long, curiously-shaped fruit. --
Squirting cucumber, a plant (Ecbalium
Elaterium) whose small oval fruit separates from the
footstalk when ripe and expels its seeds and juice with
considerable force through the opening thus made. See
Elaterium. -- Star cucumber,a
climbing weed (Sicyos angulatus) with prickly
fruit.
Cu*cu"mi*form (k?-k?"m?-f?rm), a.
[L. cucumis cucumber + -form.]
Having the form of a cucumber; having the form of a cylinder
tapered and rounded at the ends, and either straight or
curved.
\'d8Cu"cu*mis (k?k?--m?s), n.
[L., cucumber.] (Bot.) A genus of
plants including the cucumber, melon, and same kinds of
gourds.
{ Cu*cur"bit Cu*cur"bite }
(k?-k?r"b?t), n. [L.
cucurbita a gourd: cf. F. cucurbite. See
Gourd.] (Chem.) A vessel of flask
for distillation, used with, or forming part of, an alembic; a
matrass; -- originally in the shape of a gourd, with a wide
mouth. See Alembic.
Cu*cur`bi*ta"ceous (-b?-t?"sh?s), a.
[Cf. F. cucurbitac.] (Bot.)
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants of
which the cucumber, melon, and gourd are common examples.
Cu*cur"bi*tive (k?-k?r"b?-t?v), a.
Having the shape of a gourd seed; -- said of certain small
worms.
Cud (k?d), n [AS.
cudu,
cwudu,cwidu,cweodo, of uncertain
origin; cf, G. k bait, Icel. kvi
womb, Goth. qipus. Cf. Quid.]
1. That portion of food which is brought up into
the mouth by ruminating animals from their first stomach, to be
cheved a second time.
Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is cloven-footed, and cheweth
the cud, among the beasts, that shall ye eat.
Levit. xi. 3
2. A portion of tobacco held in the mouth and
chewed; a quid. [Low]
3. The first stomach of ruminating beasts.
Crabb.
To chew the cud, to ruminate; to meditate;
used with of; as, to chew the cud of bitter
memories.
Chewed the thrice turned cudof
wrath.
Tennyson.
Cud"bear` (k?d"b?r`), n [Also
cudbeard, corrupted fr. the name of Dr.
Cuthbert Gordon, a Scotchman, who first brought it
into notice.] 1. A powder of a violet red
color, difficult to moisten with water, used for making violet or
purple dye. It is prepared from certain species of lichen,
especially Lecanora tartarea.
Ure.
2. (Bot.) A lichen (Lecanora
tartarea), from which the powder is obtained.
Cud"den (k?d"d'n), n. [For
sense 1, cf. Scot.cuddy an ass; for sense 2, see 3d
Cuddy.] 1. A clown; a low rustic; a
dolt. [Obs.]
The slavering cudden, propped upon his staff.
Dryden.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The coalfish. See 3d
Cuddy.
Cud"dle (k?d"d'l), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Cuddled
(-d'ld); p.pr. & vb. n. Cuddling
(-dl?ng).] [Prob. for
couthle, fr. couth known; cf. OE.
kuppen to cuddle, or cu to make
friends with. SeeCouth, Uncouth,
Can.] To
She cuddles low beneath the brake;
Nor would she stay, nor dares she fly.
Prior.
Cud"dle, v. t. To embrace closely; to
foundle.
Forby.
Cud"dle, n. A close embrace.
Cud"dy (-d?), n. [See
Cudden. ] 1. An ass; esp., one
driven by a huckster or greengrocer. [Scot.]
2. Hence: A blockhead; a lout.
Hood.
3. (Mech.) A lever mounted on a tripod
for lifting stones, leveling up railroad ties, etc.
Knight.
Cud"dy (k?d"d?), n. [Prob. a
contraction fr. D. kajuit cabin: cf.
F.cahute hut.] (Naut.) A small
cabin: also, the galley or kitchen of a vessel.
Cud"dy, n. [Scot.; cf. Gael.
cudaig, cudainn, or
E.cuttlefish, or cod,
codfish.] (Zo\'94l) The coalfish
(Pollachius carbonarius). [Written also
cudden.]
Cudg"el (k?j"?l), n. [OE.
kuggel; cf. G. keule club (with a round
end), kugel ball, or perh. W. cogyl cudgel,
or D. cudse, kuds, cudgel.] A
staff used in cudgel play, shorter than the quarterstaff, and
wielded with one hand; hence, any heavy stick used as a
weapon.
He getteth him a grievous crabtree cudgel and . . .
falls to rating of them as if they were dogs.
Bunyan.
Cudgel play, a fight or sportive contest with
cudgels. -- To cross the cudgels, to forbear
or give up the contest; -- a phrase borrowed from the practice of
cudgel players, who lay one cudgel over another when the contest
is ended. -- To take up cudgels for, to
engage in a contest in behalf of (some one or
something).
Cudg"el, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cudgeled or Cudgelled
(-; p. pr. & vb. n. Cudgeling
or cudgelling.] To beat with a
cudgel.
An he here, I would cudgel him like a dog.
Shak.
To cudgel one's brains, to exercise one's
wits.
Cudg"el*er (-?r), n. One who
beats with a cudgel. [Written also
cudgeller.]
Cud"weed` (k?d"w?d`), n
[Apparently fr. cud. + weed, but
perh. a corruption of cottonweed; or of cut
weed, so called from its use as an application to cuts and
chafings.] (Bot.) A small composite plant
with cottony or silky stem and leaves, primarily a species of
Gnaphalium, but the name is now given to many plants
of different genera, as Filago, Antennaria,
etc.; cottonweed.
Cue (k, n. [ OF.
coue, coe, F. queue, fr. L.
coda, cauda, tail. Cf. Caudal,
Coward, Queue.] 1. The
tail; the end of a thing; especially, a tail-like twist of hair
worn at the back of the head; a queue.
2. The last words of a play actor's speech, serving
as an intimation for the next succeeding player to speak; any
word or words which serve to remind a player to speak or to do
something; a catchword.
When my cue comes, call me, and I will answer.
Shak.
3. A hint or intimation.
Give them [the servants] their cue to attend in two
lines as he leaves the house.
Swift.
4. The part one has to perform in, or as in, a
play.
Were it my cueto fight, I should have known it
Without a prompter.
Shak.
5. Humor; temper of mind.
[Colloq.]
Dickens.
6. A straight tapering rod used to impel the balls
in playing billiards.
Cue, v. t. To form into a cue; to braid;
to twist.
Cue, n. [From q, an
abbreviation for quadrans a farthing.] A
small portion of bread or beer; the quantity bought with a
farthing or half farthing. [Obs.]
q being the mark in the
buttery books to denote such a portion.
Nares.
Hast thou worn
Gowns in the university, tossed logic,
Sucked philosophy, eat cues?
Old Play.
\'d8Cuer"po (kw?r"p?), n. [Sp.
cuerpo, fr. L. corpus body. See
Corpse.] The body.
In cuerpo, without full dress, so that the
shape of the Body is exposed; hence, naked or
uncovered.
Exposed in cuerpo to their rage.
Hudibras.
Cuff (k?f), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cuffed
(k; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cuffing.] [Cf. Sw. kuffa to
knock, push,kufva to check, subdue, and E.
cow, v. t. ] 1. To strike; esp.,
to smite with the palm or flat of the hand; to slap.
I swear I'll cuff you, if you strike again.
Shak.
They with their quills did all the hurt they could,
And cuffed the tender chickens from their food.
Dryden.
2. To buffet. \'bdCuffed by the
gale.\'b8
Tennyson.
Cuff, v. i. To fight; to scuffle; to
box.
While the peers cuff to make the rabble sport.
Dryden.
Cuff, n. A blow; esp.,, a blow with the
open hand; a box; a slap.
Snatcheth his sword, and fiercely to him flies;
Who well it wards, and quitten cuff with
cuff.
Spenser.
Many a bitter kick and cuff.
Hudibras.
Cuff, n. [Perh. from F.
coiffe headdress, hood, or coif; as if the cuff were a
cap for the hand. Cf. Coif.]
1. The fold at the end of a sleeve; the part of a
sleeve turned back from the hand.
He would visit his mistress in a morning gown, band,short
cuffs, and a peaked beard.
Arbuthnot.
2. Any ornamental appendage at the wrist, whether
attached to the sleeve of the garment or separate;especially, in
modern times, such an appendage of starched linen, or a
substitute for it of paper, or the like.
Cuf"fy (k, n. A name
for a negro. [Slang]
Cu"fic (k?`f?k), a. [So called
from the town of Cufa, in the province of
Bagdad.] Of or pertaining to the older characters of
the Arabic language. [Written also
Kufic.]
Cuin"age (kw?n`?j),
n.[Corrupted fr. coinage.]
The stamping of pigs of tin, by the proper officer, with the
arms of the duchy of Cornwall.
Cui*rass" (kw?-r?s`, ,
n.; pl. Cuirasses(-. [
F.cuirasse, orig., a breascuir, cuirie influenced by It.
corazza, or Sp. cora, fr. an assumed
LL. coriacea, fr. L. coriacevs, adj., of leather, fr.
corium leather, hide; akin to Gr.
skora hide, Lith. skura hide, leather. Cf.
Coriaceous.] 1. (a) A piece
of defensive armor, covering the body from the neck to the
girdle. (b) The breastplate taken by
itself.
cuirass covered the body before and
behind. It consisted of two parts, a breast- and backpiece of
iron fastened together by means of straps and buckles or other
like contrivances. It was originally, as the name imports, made
of leather, but afterward of metal.
Crose.
2. (Zo\'94l) An armor of bony plates,
somewhat resembling a cuirass.
Cui*rassed" (kw?-r?st` ,
a. 1. Wearing a cuirass.
2. (Zo\'94l) Having a covering of bony
plates, resembling a cuirass;- said of certain fishes.
Cui`ras*sier" (kw?`r?s-s?r"), n.
[F. cuirassier. See Curass.]
A soldier armed with a cuirass.
Milton.
Cuish (kw?s), n. [F.
cuisse thigh, fr. L. coxa hip: cf. F.
cuissard, OF, cuissot, armor for the thigh,
cuish. Cf. Hough.] Defensive armor for the
thighs. [ Written also cuisse, and
quish.]
\'d8Cui`sine" (kw?`z?n"), n.
[F., fr. L. coquina kitchen, fr.
coquere to cook. See Kitchen.]
1. The kitchen or cooking department.
2. Manner or style of cooking.
\'d8Cu`lasse" (ku`l?s"), n.
[F., fr. cul back.] The lower faceted
portion of a brilliant-cut diamond.
Cul*dee" (k,
n. [ Prob. fr. Gael.cuilteach; cf. Ir.
ceilede.] One of a class of anchorites who
lived in various parts of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales.
The pure Culdees
Were Albyn's earliest priests of God.
Campbell.
\'d8Cul`-de-sac" (ku`de-s?k" ,
n.; pl. Culs-de-sac (ku`-
or kulz`-). [ F., lit., bottom of a
bag.]
1. A passage with only one outlet, as a street
closed at one end; a blind alley; hence, a trap.
2. (Mil.) a position in which an army
finds itself with no way of exit but to the front.
3. (Anat.) Any bag-shaped or tubular
cavity, vessel, or organ, open only at one end.
Cul"er*age (k?l"?r-?j), n.
(Bot.) See Culrage.
\'d8Cu"lex (k?"l?ks), n. [L., a
gnat.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of dipterous
insects, including the gnat and mosquito.
Cu*lic"i*form (k?-l?s"i-f?rm). a.
[L. culex a gnat + -form:cf. F.
culiciforme.] (Zo\'94l.)
Gnat-shaped.
Cu"li*na*ri*ly (k?`l?-n?-r?-l?),
adv. In the manner of a kitchen; in connection
with a kitchen or cooking.
Cu"li*na*ry (k?"l?-n?-r?), a.
[L. culinarius, fr. culina kitchen,
perh. akin to carbo coal: cf. F.
culinare.] Relating to the kitchen, or to
the art of cookery; used in kitchens; as, a culinary
vessel; the culinary art.
Cull (k?l), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Culled
(k?ld); p. pr.&
Culling.] [OE., OF.
cuillir, coillir, F.cueillir, to
gather, pluck, pick, fr. L. colligere. See
Coil, v. t., and cf. Collect.]
To separate, select, or pick out; to choose and gather or
collect; as, to cuil flowers.
From his herd he culls,
For slaughter, from the fairest of his bulls.
Dryden.
Whitest honey in fairy gardens culled.
Tennyson.
Cull, n. A cully; a dupe; a gull. See
Gully.
Cul"len*der (k?l"l?n-d?r), n. A
strainer. See Colander.
Cull"er (k?l"?r), n. One who
piks or chooses; esp., an inspector who select wares suitable for
market.
Cul"let (k?l"l?t), n. [From
Cull, v. t. ] Broken glass for
remelting.
Cul"let, n. [A dim. from F.
cul back.] A small central plane in the
back of a cut gem. See Collet, 3 (b).
Cul`li*bil"i*ty (-l?-b?l"?-ty), n.
[From cully to trick, cheat.]
Gullibility. [R.]
Swift.
Cul"li*ble (k?l"l?-b'l), a.
Easily deceived; gullible.
Cull"ing (k?l"?ng), n 1.
The act of one who culls.
2. pl. Anything separated or selected
from a mass.
Cul"lion (k?l"y?n), n. [OF.
couillon, coillon, F. co, a
vile fellow, coward, dupe, from OF. couillon,
coillon, testicle, fr. il the scrotum, fr.
L. coleus a leather bag, the scrotum.] A
mean wretch; a base fellow; a poltroon; a scullion.
\'bdAway, base cullions.\'b8
Shak.
Cul"lion*ly, a. Mean; base.
Shak.
Cul"lis (k, n. [OF.
cole\'8bs, F. coulis, fr. OF. & F.
couler to strain, to flow, fr. L. colare to
filter, strain; cf. LL. coladicium. Cf.
Colander.] A strong broth of meat, strained
and made clear for invalids; also, a savory jelly.
[Obs.]
When I am exellent at caudles
And cullises . . . you shall be welcome to me.
Beau. & Fl.
Cul"lis, n.; pl. Cullises
(-. [F.coulisse groove, fr.
the same source as E. cullis broth.]
(Arch.) A gutter in a roof; a channel or
groove.
Culls (k?lz), n. pl. [From
Cull,, v. t.] 1. Refuse timber,
from which the best part has been culled out.
2. Any refuse stuff, as rolls not properly
baked.
Cul"ly (k?l"l?), n.; pl.
Cullies (-l. [Abbrev. fr.
cullion.] A person easily deceived,
tricked, or imposed on; a mean dupe; a gull.
I have learned that . . . I am not the first cully
whom she has passed upon for a countess.
Addison.
Cul"ly, v. t. [See
Cully,n., and cf. D. kullen to
cheat, gull.] To trick, cheat, or impose on; to
deceive. \'bdTricks to cully fools.\'b8
Pomfret.
Cul"ly*ism (-?z'm), n. The
state of being a cully.
Less frequent instances of eminent cullyism.
Spectator.
Cul (k?lm), n. [L.
culmus stark, stem; akin to colasmus.
SeeHalm.] (Bot.) The stalk or stem
of grain and grasses (including the bamboo), jointed and usually
hollow.
Culm, n. [Perh. from W. cwlm
knot or tie, applied to this species of coal, which is much found
in balls or knots in some parts of Wales: cf. OE.
culme smoke, soot.] (Min.)
(a) Mineral coal that is not bituminous;
anthracite, especially when found in small masses.
(b) The waste of the Pennsylvania anthracite mines,
consisting of fine coal, dust, etc., and used as fuel.
Raymond.
\'d8Cul"men (k?l"m?n), n. [L.,
fr. cellere (in comp.) to impel; cf. celsus
pushed upward, lofty.] 1. Top; summit;
acme.
R. North.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The dorsal ridge of a
bird's bill.
Cul*mif"er*ous (k?l-m?f"?r-?s), a.
[L. culmus stalk or stem + -ferous:
cf. F. culmif.] Having jointed stems
or culms.
<-- p. 355 -->
Cul*mif"er*ous (k?l-m?f"?r-?s),
a.[2d culm + -ferous.]
(Min.) Containing, or abounding in, culm or
glance coal.
Cul"mi*nal (k?l"m?-nal), a.
Pertaining to a culmen.
Cul"mi*nant (-nant), a.
Being vertical, or at the highest point of altitude; hence,
predominant. [R.]
Cul"mi*nate (k?l"m?-n?t), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Culminated
(-n?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Culminating (-n [L.
cuimen top or ridge. See Column.]
1. To reach its highest point of altitude; to come
to the meridian; to be vertical or directly overhead.
As when his beams at noon
Culminate from the equator.
Milton.
2. To reach the highest point, as of rank, size,
power, numbers, etc.
The reptile race culminated in the secondary
era.
Dana.
The house of Burgundy was rapidly culminating.
Motley.
Cul"mi*nate (k?l"m?-n?t), a.
Growing upward, as distinguished from a laterral growth; --
applied to the growth of corals.
Dana.
Cul"mi*na"tion (k?l`m?-n?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F.culmination] 1. The
attainment of the highest point of altitude reached by a
heavently body; passage across the meridian; transit.
2. Attainment or arrival at the highest pitch of
glory, power, etc.
\'d8Cul"pa (k?l"p?), n.
[L.] (Law) Negligence or fault, as
distinguishable from dolus (deceit, fraud), which
implies intent, culpa being imputable to defect of
intellect, dolus to defect of heart.
Wharton.
Cul`pa*bil"i*ty (k?l`p?-b?l`?-t?),
n.; pl. Culpabilities
(-t. [Cf. F.
culpabilit\'82.] The state of being
culpable.
Cul"pa*ble (k?l"p?-b'l), a.
[OE. culpable, coulpable,
coupable, F. coupable, formerly also
coupable, formerly also coulpable,
culpable, fr. L. culpabilis, fr.
culpare to blame, fr. culpa fault.]
1. Deserving censure; worthy of blame; faulty;
immoral; criminal.
State Trials (1413).
If he acts according to the best reason he hath, he is not
culpable, though he be mistaken in his measures.
Sharp.
2. Guilty; as, clpable of a
crime. [Obs.]
Spenser.
-- Cul"pa*ble*ness, n. --
Cul"pa*bly, adv.
Cul"pa*to*ry (-t?-r?), a.
Expressing blame; censuring; reprehensory;
inculpating.
Adjectives . . . commonly used by Latian authors in a
culpatory sense.
Walpole.
Culpe (k?lp), n. [F.
coulpe, fr.L.culpa.]
Blameworthiness. [Obs.]
Banished out of the realme . . . without culpe.
E. Hall.
Cul"pon (k?l"p?n), n. [See
Coupon.] A shered; a fragment; a strip of
wood. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cul"prit (k?l"pr?t), n. [Prob.
corrupted for culpate, fr. Law Latin
culpatus the accused, p. p. of
L. culpare to blame. See Culpable.]
1. One accused of, or ar
An author is in the condition of a culprit; the
public are his judges.
Prior.
2. One quilty of a fault; a criminal.
Cul"rage (k?l"r?j), n. [OE.
culrage, culrache; prob. fr. F.
cul the buttok + F. & E. rage; F.
curage.] (Bot.) Smartweed
(Polygonum Hydropiper).
Cult (k?lt) n .[F.
culte, L. cultus care, culture, fr.
colere to cultivate. Cf. Cultus.]
1. Attentive care; homage; worship.
Every one is convinced of the reality of a better self, and
of. thecult or homage which is due to it.
Shaftesbury.
2. A system of religious belief and worship.
That which was the religion of Moses is the ceremonial or
cult of the religion of Christ.
Coleridge.
Cultch (k?lch;224), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Empty oyster shells and other substances
laid down on oyster grounds to furnish points for the attachment
of the spawn of the oyster. [Also written
cutch.]
Cul"ter (k?l"t?r), n.
[L.] A colter. See Colter.
Cul`ti*ros"tral (-t?-r?s"tral), a.
[See Cultirostres.] (Zo\'94l.)
Having a bill shaped like the colter of a plow, or like a
knife, as the heron, stork, etc.
\'d8Cul`ti*ros"tres (-tr?z), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. culter colter of a plow, knife +
rostrum bill.] (Zo\'94l.) A
tribe of wading birds including the stork, heron, crane,
etc.
Cul"ti*va*ble (k?l"t?-v?-b'l), a.
[Cf. F. cultivable.] Capable of being
cultivated or tilled.
Todd.
Cul"ti*va`ta*ble (k?l"t?-v?`t?-b'l),
a. Cultivable.
Cul"ti*vate (k?l"t?-v?t), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Cultivated
(-v?`t?d); p.pr. & vb. n.
Cultivating (-v?`-t\'b5ng).]
[LL. cultivatus, p.p. of cultivare to
cultivate, fr. cultivus cultivated, fr. L.
cultus, p.p. of colere to till, cultivate.
Cf. Colony.] 1. To bestow attention,
care, and labor upon, with a view to valuable returns; to till;
to fertilize; as, to cultivate soil.
2. To direct special attention to; to devote time
and thought to; to foster; to cherish.
Leisure . . . to cultivate general literature.
Wordsworth.
3. To seek the society of; to court intimacy
with.
I ever looked on Lord Keppel as one of the greatest and best
men of his age; and I loved and cultivated him
accordingly.
Burke.
4. To improve by labor, care, or study; to impart
culture to; to civilize; to refine.
To cultivate the wild, licentious savage.
Addison.
The mind of man hath need to be prepared for piety and virtue;
it must be cultivated to the end.
Tillotson.
5. To raise or produce by tillage; to care for
while growing; as, to cultivate corn or
grass.
Cul`ti*va"tion (k?l`t?-v?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. cultivation.] 1. The
art or act of cultivating; improvement for agricultural purposes
or by agricultural processes; tillage; production by
tillage.
2. Bestowal of time or attention for
self-improvement or for the benefit of others; fostering
care.
3. The state of being cultivated; advancement in
physical, intellectual, or moral condition; refinement;
culture.
Italy . . . was but imperfectly reduced to
cultivation before the irruption of the
barbarians.
Hallam.
Cul"ti*va`tor (k?l"t?-v?`t?r), n.
[Cf. F. cultivateur.]
1. One who cultivates; as, a
cultivator of the soil; a cultivator of
literature.
Whewell.
2. An agricultural implement used in the tillage of
growing crops, to loosen the surface of the earth and kill the
weeds; esp., a triangular frame set with small shares, drawn by a
horse and by handles.
{ Cul"trate (k?l"tr?t),
Cul"tra*ted (-tr?-t?d), } a.
[L. cultratus knife-shaped,
fromculter, cultri, knife.]
(Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Sharp-edged and pointed; shaped
like a pruning knife, as the beak of certain birds.
Cul"tri*form (-tr?-f?rm), a.
[L. culter, cultri, knife +
-form.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Shaped
like a pruning knife; cultrate.
Cul*triv"o*rous (k?l-tr?b"?-r?s), a.
[L. culter, cultri, knife +
vorare to devour.] Devouring knives;
swallowing, or pretending to swallow, knives; -- applied to
persons who have swallowed, or have seemed to swallow, knives
with impunity.
Dunglison.
Cul"tur*a*ble (k?l"t?r-?-b'l; 135),
a. Capable of, or fit for, being cultivated;
capable or becoming cultured.
London Spectator.
Cul"tur*al (k?l"t?r-a]/>l), a.
Of or pertaining to culture.
Cul"ture (k?l"t?r; 135), n. [F.
culture, L. cultura, fr. colere
to till, cultivate; of uncertain origin. Cf.
Colony.] 1. The act or practice of
cultivating, or of preparing the earth for seed and raising crops
by tillage; as, the culture of the soil.
2. The act of, or any labor or means employed for,
training, disciplining, or refining the moral and intellectual
nature of man; as. the culture of the mind.
If vain our toil
We ought to blame theculture, not the soil.
Pepe.
3. The state of being cultivated; result of
cultivation; physical improvement; enlightenment and discipline
acquired by mental and moral training; civilization; refinement
in manners and taste.
What the Greeks expressed by their humanitas, we less happily try to
express by the more artificial word culture.
J. C. Shairp.
The list of all the items of the general life of a people
represents that whole which we call its culture.
Tylor.
Culture fluid, a fluid in which the germs of
microscopic organisms are made to develop, either for purposes of
study or as a means of modifying their virulence.
Cul"ture, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Cultured (-t?rd; 135); p. pr. &
vb. n. Culturing.] To cultivate;
to educate.
They came . . . into places well inhabited and
cultured.
Usher.
Cul"tured (k?l"t?rd), a. 1.
Under culture; cultivated. \'bdCultured
vales.\'b8
Shenstone.
2. Characterized by mental and moral training;
disciplined; refined; well-educated.
The sense of beauty in nature, even among cultured
people, is less often met with than other mental endowments.
I. Taylor.
The cunning hand and cultured brain.
Whittier.
Cul"ture*less, a. Having no
culture.
Cul"tur*ist, n. 1. A
cultivator.
2. One who is an advocate of culture.
The culturists, by which term I mean not those who
esteem culture (as what intelligent man does not
J. C. Shairp
\'d8Cul"tus (k?l"t?s), n. sing. &
pl.; E. pl.Cultuses (-.
[L., cultivation, culture. See Cult.]
Established or accepted religious rites or usages of
worship; state of religious development. Cf.Cult,
2.
Cul"tus cod` (k?d`). [Chinook
cultus of little worth.] (Zo\'94l.)
See Cod, and Buffalo cod, under
Buffalo.
Cul"ver (k?"v?r), n. [AS.
culfre, perh. fr. L. columba.] A
dove. \'bdCulver in the falcon's fist.\'b8
Spenser.
Cul"ver, n. [Abbrev. fr.
Culverin.] A culverin.
Falcon and culver on each tower
Stood prompt their deadly hail to shower.
Sir W. Scott.
Cul"ver*house` (-hous`), n. A
dovecote.
Cul"ver*in (k?l"v?r-?n), n.[F.
coulevrine, prop. fem. of couleuvrin like a
serpent, fr. couleuvre adder, fr. L.
coluber, colubra.] A long cannon
of the 16th century, usually an 18-pounder with serpent-shaped
handles.
Trump, and drum, and roaring culverin.
Mac
Cul"ver*key` (-k?`), n. 1.
A bunch of the keys or samaras of the ash tree.
Wright.
2. An English meadow plant, perhaps the columbine
or the bluebell squill (Scilla nutans).
[Obs.]
A girl cropping culverkeys and cowslips to make
garlands.
Walton.
Cul"vert (k?l"v?rt), n. [Prob.
from OF. coulouere, F. couloir, channel,
gutter, gallery, fr. couler to flow. See
Cullis.] A transverse drain or waterway of
masonry under a road, railroad, canal, etc.; a small
bridge.
Cul"ver*tail` (k?l"v?r-t?l`), n.
(Carp.) Dovetail.
Cul"ver*tailed` (-t?ld`), a.
United or fastened by a dovetailed joint.
\'d8Cu*ma"ce*a (k?-m?"sh?-? or -s?-?), n.
pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
marine Crustacea, mostly of small size.
Cum"bent (k?m"bent), a. [Cf.
Recumbent, Covey.] Lying down;
recumbent.
J. Dyer.
Cum"ber (k?m"b?r), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Cumbered
(-b?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cumbering.] [OE. combren,
cumbren,OF. combrer to hinder, from LL.
cumbrus a heap, fr. L. cumulus; cf. Skr.
to increase, grow strong. Cf.
Cumulate.] To rest upon as a troublesome or
useless weight or load; to be burdensome or oppressive to; to
hinder or embarrass in attaining an object, to obstruct or occupy
uselessly; to embarrass; to trouble.
Why asks he what avails him not in fight,
And would but cumber and retard his flight?
Dryden.
Martha was cumbered about much serving.
Luke x. 40.
Cut it down; why cumbereth it the ground?
Luke xiii. 7.
The multiplying variety of arguments, especially frivolous
ones, . . . but cumbers the memory.
Locke.
Cum"ber (k?m"b?r), n. [Cf.
encombre hindrance, impediment. See
Cuber,v.] Trouble; embarrassment;
distress. [Obs.] [Written also
comber.]
A place of much distraction and cumber.
Sir H. Wotton.
Sage counsel in cumber.
Sir W. Scott.
Cum"ber*some (k, a.
1. Burdensome or hindering, as a weight or drag;
embarrassing; vexatious; cumbrous.
To perform a cumbersome obedience.
Sir. P. Sidney.
2. Not easily managed; as, a
cumbersome contrivance or machine.
He holds them in utter contempt, as lumbering,
cumbersome, circuitous.
I. Taylor.
-- Cum"ber*some*ly, adv. --
Cum"ber*some*ness,n.
Cum"brance (k?m"brans), n.
Encumbrance. [Obs.]
Extol not riches then, the toil of fools,
The wise man's cumbrance, if not snare.
Milton.
Cum"bri*an (k?m"br?-a]/>n), a.
Pertaining to Cumberland, England, or to a system of rocks
found there.
Cumbrian system (Geol.), the slate
or graywacke system of rocks, now included in the
Cambrian or Silurian system; -- so called
because most prominent at Cumberland.
Cum"brous (k?m"br?s), a. 1.
Rendering action or motion difficult or toilsome; serving to
obstruct or hinder; burdensome; clogging.
He sunk beneath the cumbrous weight.
Swift.
That cumbrousand unwieldy style which disfigures
English composition so extensively.
De Quincey.
2. Giving trouble; vexatious.
[Obs.]
A clud of cumbrous gnats.
Spenser.
-- Cum"brous*ly, adv. --
Cum"brous*ness, n.
Cu"mene (k?"m?n), n. [From
Cumin.] (Chem.) A colorless oily
hydrocarbon, C6H5.C3H7, obtained by the
distillation of cuminic acid; -- called also
cumol.
Cum"frey (k?m"fr?), n.
(Bot.) See Comfrey.
Cu"mic (k?"m?k), a.
(Chem.) See Cuming.
Cu"mi*dine (k?"m?-d?n , n.
[From Cumin.] (Chem.) A
strong, liquid, organic base, C3H7.C6H4.NH2,
homologous with aniline.
Cum"in (k?m"?n), n.
[OE.comin, AS. cymen, fr. L.
cuminum, Gr.kamm, Heb. kamm; cf. OF.
comin, F. cumin. Cf.
Kummel.] (Bot.) A dwarf
umbelliferous plant, somewhat resembling fennel (Cuminum
Cyminum), cultivated for its seeds, which have a bitterish,
warm taste, with an aromatic flavor, and are used like those of
anise and caraway. [Written also
cummin.]
Rank-smelling rue, and cumin good for eyes.
Spenser.
Black cumin (Bot.), a plant
(Nigella sativa) with pungent seeds, used by the
Afghans, etc.
Cu*min"ic (k?-m?n"?k), a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, cumin, or from oil of
caraway; as, cuminic acid.
Cuminic acid (Chem.), white
crystalline substance, C3H7.C6H4.CO2H, obtained
from oil of caraway.
Cu"mi*nil (k?"m?-n?l), n . A
substance, analogous to benzil, obtained from oil of
caraway.
Cu"mi*nol (-n?l), n.
[Cuminic + L. oleum.] A
liquid, C3H7.C6H4.CHO, obtained from oil of
caraway; -- called also cuminic
aldehyde.
Cum"min (k?m"m?n), n. Same as
Cumin.
Ye pay tithe of mint, and cummin.
Matt. xxiii. 23.
Cum"shaw (k?m"sha), n. [Chin.
kom-tsie.] A present or bonus; --
originally applied to that paid on ships which entered the port
of Canton.
S. Wells Williams.
Cum"shaw, v. t. To give or make a
present to.
Cu"mu-cir`ro-stra"tus
(k?`m\'b5-s?r`r?-str?"t?s), n.
(Meteor.) Nimbus, or rain cloud. See
Nimbus, and Cloud.
Cu"mu*late (k?"m?-l?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cumulated
(-l?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cumulating (-l?`t?ng).] [L.
cumulatus, p. p. of cumulare to heap up,
fr. cumulus a heap. See Cumber.]
To gather or throw into a heap; to heap together; to
accumulate.
Shoals of shells, bedded and cumulated heap upon
heap.
Woodward.
Cu`mu*la"tion (k?`m?-l?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. cumulation.] The act of
heaping together; a heap. See Accumulation.
Cu"mu*la*tist (k?"m?-l?-t?st), n.
One who accumulates; one who collects.
[R.]
Cu"mu*la*tive (k?"m?-l?-t?v), a.
[Cf. F. cumulatif.]
1. Composed of parts in a heap; forming a mass;
agregated. \'bdAs for knowledge which man receiveth by
teaching, it is cumulative, njt original.\'b8
Bacon
2. Augmenting, gaining, or giving force, by
successive additions; as, a cumulative argument,
i. e., one whose force increases as the
statement proceeds.
The argument . . . is in very truth not logical and single,
but moral and cumulative.
Trench.
3. (Law) (a) Tending to prove
the same point to which other evidence has been offered; -- said
of evidence. (b) Given by same testator to
the same legatee; -- said of a legacy.
Bouvier. Wharton.
<-- p. 356 -->
Cumulative action (Med.), that
action of certain drugs, by virtue of which they produce, when
administered in small doses repeated at considerable intervals,
the same effect as if given in a single large dose. --
Cumulative poison, a poison the action of which is
cumulative. -- Cumulative vote system of voting (Politics),
that system which allows to each voter as many votes as there
are persons to be voted for, and permits him to accumulate these
votes upon one person, or to distribute them among the candidates
as he pleases.
Cu"mu*lose` (k?"m?-l?s`), a.
[From Cumulus.] Full of heaps.
Cu"mu*lo*stra"tus (k?"m?-l?-str?"t?s),
n. (Meteor.) A form of cloud. See
Cloud.
\'d8Cu"mu*lus (k?"m?-l?s), n.;
pl. Cumuli (-l. [L., a
heap. See Cumber.] (Meteor.) One
of the four principal forms of clouds. SeeCloud.
Cun (k?n), v. t. [See
Cond.] To con (a ship).
[Obs.]
Cun, v. t. [See 1st Con.]
To know. See Con. [Obs.]
\'d8Cu*nab"u*la (k?-n?b"?-l?), n.
pl. [L., a cradle, earliest abode, fr.
cunae cradle.] 1. The earliest
abode; original dwelling place; originals; as, the
cunabula of the human race.
2. (Bibliography) The extant copies of
the first or earliest printed books, or of such as were printed
in the 15th century.
Cunc*ta"tion (k?nk-t?"sh?n), n.
[L. cunctatio, fr. cunctari, p.p.
cunctatus, to delay.] Delay;
procrastination. [R.]
Carlyle.
Cunc"ta*tive (k?nk"t?-t?v), a.
Slow; tardy; dilatory; causing delay.
\'d8Cuno*ta"tor (k?nk-t?"t?r), n.
[L., lit., a delayer; -- applied as a surname to Q. Fabius
Maximus.] One who delays or lingers.
[R.]
Cunc*tip"o*tent (k?nk-t?p"?-tent),
a. [L. cunctipotens;
cunctus all + potens powerful.]
All-powerful; omnipotent. [R] \'bdGod
cunctipotent.\'b8
Neale (Trans. Rhythm of St. Bernard).
Cund (k\'b5nd), v. t. [See
Cond.] To con (a ship).
[Obs.]
Cun`du*ran"go (k?n`d?-r?n"g?), n.
(Med.) The bark of a South American vine
(Gonolobus Condurango) of the Milkweed family. It has
been supposed, but erroneously, to be a cure for cancer.
[Written also condurango.]
Cu"ne*al (k?"n?-a]/>l), [L.
cuneus a wege. See Coin.] Relating
to a wedge; wedge-shaped.
{ Cu"ne*ate (k?"n?-?t),
Cu"ne*a`ted (-?`tEd), } a.
[L.cuneatus, fr. cuneus a wege
SeeCoin.] Wedge-shaped; (Bot.),
wedge-shaped, with the point at the base; as, a
cuneate leaf.
Cu`ne*at"ic (k?`n?-?t"?k), a.
Cuneiform. \'bdCuneatic decipherment.\'b8
Sayce.
{ Cu*ne"i*form (k?-n?"?-f?rm),
Cu"ni*form (k?"n?-f?rm), } a.
[L. cuneus a wedge + -form: cf. F.
cunei-forme. See Coin.] 1.
Wedge-shaped; as, a cuneiform bone; --
especially applied to the wedge-shaped or arrowheaded characters
of ancient Persian and Assyrian inscriptions. See
Arrowheaded.
2. Pertaining to, or versed in, the ancient
wedge-shaped characters, or the inscriptions in them. \'bdA
cuneiform scholar.\'b8
Rawlinson.
{ Cu*ne"i*form, Cu"ni*form },
n. 1. The wedge-shaped characters used
in ancient Persian and Assyrian inscriptions.
I. Taylor (The Alphabet).
2. (Anat.) (a) One of the three
tarsal bones supporting the first, second third metatarsals. They
are usually designated as external, middle, and internal, or
ectocuniform, mesocuniform, and
entocuniform, respectively. (b)
One of the carpal bones usually articulating wich the ulna;
-- called also pyramidal and
ulnare.
\'d8Cu*nette" (k?-n?t"), n.
[F.] (Fort.) A drain trench, in a
ditch or moat; -- called also cuvette.
Cun"ner (k?n"n?r), n. [Cf.
Conner.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A
small edible fish of the Atlantic coast (Ctenolabrus
adspersus); -- called also chogset,
burgall, blue perch, and
bait stealer. [Written also
conner.] (b) A small shellfish;
the limpet or patella.
Cun"ning (k?n"n?ng), a. [AS.
cunnan to know, to be able. See 1st Con,
Can.] 1. Knowing; skillfull;
dexterous. \'bdA cunning workman.\'b8
Ex. xxxviii. 23.
\'bdTis beauty truly blent, whose red and white
Nature's own sweet and cunning hand laid on.
Shak.
Esau was a cunning hunter.
Gen xxv. 27.
2. Wrought with, or exibiting, skill or ingenuity;
ingenious; curious; as, cunning work.
Over them Arachne high did lift
Her cunning web.
Spenser.
3. Crafty; sly; artful; designid; deceitful.
They are resolved to be cunning; let others run the
hazard of being sincere.
South.
4. Pretty or pleasing; as, a cunning
little boy. [Colloq. U.S.]
Barlett.
Syn. -- Cunning, Artful, Sly,
Wily, Crafty. These epithets
agree in expressing an aptitude for attaining some end by
peculiar and secret means. Cunning is usually low; as,
a cunning trick. Artful is more ingenious
and inventive; as, an artful device. Sly
implies a turn for what is double or concealed; as,
sly humor; a sly evasion. Crafty
denotes a talent for dexterously deceiving; as, a
crafty manager. Wily describes a talent for
the use of stratagems; as, a wily politician.
\'bdAcunning man often shows his dexterity in simply
concealing. An artful man goes further, and exerts his
ingenuity in misleading. A crafty man mingles cunning
with art, and so shapes his actions as to lull suspicions. The
young may be cunning, but the experienced only can be
crafty. Slyness is a vulgar kind of
cunning; the sly man goes cautiously and silently to
work. Wiliness is a species of cunning or craft
applicable only to cases of attack and defence.\'b8
Crabb.
Cun"ning, n. [AS. cunnung
trial, or Icel. kunnandi knowledge. See
Cunning, a.] 1.
Knowledge; art; skill; dexterity.
[Archaic]
Let my right hand forget her cunning.
Ps. cxxxvii. 5.
A carpenter's desert
Stands more in cunning than in power.
Chapman.
2. The faculty or act of using stratagem to
accomplish a purpose; fraudulent skill or dexterity; deceit;
craft.
Discourage cunning in a child; cunning
is the ape of wisdom.
Locke.
We take cunning for a sinister or crooked
wisdom.
Bacon.
Cun"ning*ly (k?n"n?ng-l?), adv.
In a cunning manner; with cunning.
Cun"ning*man` (-m?n`), n. A
fortune teller; one who pretends to reveal mysteries.
[Obs.]
Hudibras.
Cun"ning*ness, n. Quality of being
cunning; craft.
Cup (k?p), n. [AS.
cuppe, LL. cuppa cup; cf. L.
cupa tub, cask; cf. also Gr. k pit, hollow, OSlav. kupa cup. Cf.
Coop, Cupola, Cowl a water vessel, and
Cob, Coif, Cop.] 1.
A small vessel, used commonly to drink from; as, a tin
cup, a silver cup, a wine cup;
especially, in modern times, the pottery or porcelain vessel,
commonly with a handle, used with a saucer in drinking tea,
coffee, and the like.
2. The contents of such a vessel; a cupful.
Give me a cup of sack, boy.
Shak.
3. pl. Repeated potations; social or
exessive indulgence in intoxicating drinks; revelry.
Thence from cups to civil broils.
Milton.
4. That which is to be received or indured; that
which is allotted to one; a portion.
O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass
from me.
Matt. xxvi. 39.
5. Anything shaped like a cup; as, the
cup of an acorn, or of a flower.
The cowslip's golden cup no more I see.
Shenstone.
6. (Med.) A cupping glass or other
vessel or instrument used to produce the vacuum in cupping.
Cup and ball, a familiar toy of children,
having a cup on the top of a piece of wood to which, a ball is
attached by a cord; the ball, being thrown up, is to be caught in
the cup; bilboquet. Milman.- Cup and
can, familiar companions. -- Dry
cup, Wet cup (Med.), a cup
used for dry or wet cupping. See under
Cupping. -- To be in one's cups, to
be drunk.
Cup, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cupped (k?pt); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cupping.] 1. To
supply with cups of wine. [R.]
Cup us, till the world go round.
Shak.
2. (Surg.) To apply a cupping apparatus
to; to subject to the operation of cupping. See
Cupping.
3. (Mech.) To make concave or in the
form of a cup; as, to cup the end of a
screw.
Cup"bear`er (-b?r`?r), n.
1. One whose office it is to fill and hand the cups
at an enterainment.
2. (Antiq.) One of the attendants of a
prince or noble, permanently charged with the performance of this
office for his master. \'bdI was the king's
cupbearer.\'b8
Neh. i. 11.
Cup"board (k?b"b?rd), n. [Cup +
board.] 1. A board or shelf for
cups and dishes. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. A small closet in a room, with shelves to
receive cups, dishes, food, etc.; hence, any small closet.
Cupboard love, interested love, or that which
has an eye to the cupboard. \'bdA cupboard love
is seldom true.\'b8 Poor Robin. [Colloq.]
-- To cry cupboard, to call for food; to express
hunger. [Colloq.] \'bdMy stomach cries
cupboard.\'b8 W. Irving.
Cup"board, v. t. To collect, as into a
cupboard; to hoard. [R.]
Shak.
Cu"pel (k?"p?l), n. [LL.
cupella cup (cf. L. cupella, small cask,
dim. of cupa) : cf. F. coupelle. See
Cup, and cf. Coblet.] A shallow
porus cup, used in refining precious metals, commonly made of
bone ashes (phosphate of lime). [Written also
coppel.]
Cupel dust, powder used in purifying
metals.
Cu*pel" (k?-p?l"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cupelled
(-p?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cupelling.] To refine by means of a
cupel.
Cu`pel*la"tion (k?`p?l-l?"sh?n), n.
[See Cupel.] The act or process of
refining gold or silver, etc., in a cupel.
Cup"ful (k?p"f?l), n.; pl.
Cupfuls (-f. As much as a
cup will hold.
Cup"-gall` (-g?l`), n. A kind
of oak-leaf gall. See Gall.
Cu"pid (k?"p?d), n .
[L.Cupido, fr. cupido desire, desire
of love, fr. cupidus. See Cupidity.]
(Rom. Myth.) The god of love, son of Venus;
usually represented as a naked, winged boy with bow and
arrow.
Pretty dimpled boys, like smiling cupids.
Shak.
Cu*pid"i*ty (k?-p?d"?-t?), n.
[F. cupidite, L. cupiditas, fr.
cupidus longing, desiring, fr. cupere to
long for, desire. See Covet.] 1. A
passionate desire; love. [Obs.]
2. Eager or inordinate desire, especially for
wealth; greed of gain; avarice; covetousness.
With the feelings of political distrust were mingled those of
cupidity and envy, as the Spaniard saw the fairest
provinces of the south still in the hands of the accursed race of
Ishmael.
Prescott.
Cup"-moss` (k?p"m?s`; 115), n.
(Bot.) A kind of lichen, of the genus
Cladonia.
Cu"po*la (k?"p?-l?), n.; pl.
Cupolas (-l. [It.
cupola, LL. cupula, cuppula (cf.
L. cupula little tub). fr. cupa,
cuppa, cup; cf. L. cupa tub. So called on
account of its resemblance to a cup turned over. See
Cup, and cf.Cupule.] 1.
(Arch.) A roof having a rounded form,
hemispherical or nearly so; also, a celing having the same form.
When on a large scale it is usually called dome.
2. A small structure standing on the top of a dome;
a lantern.
3. A furnace for melting iron or other metals in
large quantity, -- used chiefly in foundries and steel
works.
4. A revoling shot-proof turret for heavy
ordnance.
5. (Anat.) The top of the spire of the
cochlea of the ear.
Cup"per (k?p"p?r), n. [Fropm
cup.] One who performs the operation of
cupping.
Cup"ping (k?p"p?ng), n.
(Med.) The operation of drawing blood to or from
the surface of the person by forming a partial vacuum over the
spot. Also, sometimes, a similar operation for drawing pus from
an abscess.
Cupping glass, a glass cup in which a partial
vacuum is produced by heat, in the process of cupping. --
Dry cupping, the application of a cupping
instrument without scarification, to draw blood to the surface,
produce counter irritation, etc. -- Wet cupping,
the operation of drawing blood by the application of a
cupping instrument after scarification.
Cu"pre*ous (k?"pr?-?s), a. [L.
cupreus, fr. cuprum.]
Consisting of copper or resembling copper; coppery.
Cu"pric (k?"pr?k), a [From
Cuprum.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining
to, or derived from, copper; containing copper; -- said of those
compounds of copper in which this element is present in its
lowest proportion.
Cu*prif"er*ous (k?-pr?f"?r-?s), a.
[Cuprum + -ferous.]
Containing copper; as, cupriferous
silver.
Cu"prite (k?"pr?t), n.
(Min.) The red oxide of copper; red copper; an
important ore of copper, occurring massive and in isometric
crystals.
Cu"proid (k?"proid), n.
[Cuprum + -oid.]
(Crystalloq.) A solid related to a tetrahedron, and
contained under twelve equal triangles.
Cup"-rose (k?p"r?z), n. Red
poppy. See Cop-rose.
Cu"prous (k?"pr?s), a. [From
Cuprum.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining
to, or derived from, copper; containing copper; -- said of those
compounds of copper in which this element is present in its
highest proportion.
\'d8Cu"prum (k?"pr?m), n.
[L.] (Chem.) Copper.
Cu"pu*late (k?"p?-l?t), a.
Having or bearing cupeles; cupuliferous.
Cu"pule (k?"p?l), n. [See
Cupola.] 1. (Bot.) A
cuplet or little cup, as the acorn; the husk or bur of the
filbert, chestnut, etc.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A sucker or
acetabulum.
Cu`pu*lif"er*ous (k?`p?-l?f"?r-?s),
a. [Cupule + -ferous: cf.
F. cupulif.] Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, the family of plants ot which the oak and the
chestnut are examples, -- trees bearing a smooth, solid nut
inclosed in some kind of cup or bur; bearing, or furnished with,
a cupule.
Cur (k?r), n. [OE.
curre, kur; cf. dial. Sw. kurre
dog, OD. korre watchdog, and Icel. kurra
to murmur, grumble, Sw. kurra to rumble, croak, Dan.
kurre to coo, whirr; prob. of imitative origin.]
1. A mongrel or inferior dog.
They . . . like to village curs,
Bark when their fellows do.
Shak.
2. A worthless, snarling fellow; -- used in
contempt.
What would you have, you curs,
That like nor peace nor war?
Shak.
Cur`a*bil"i*ty (k?r`?-b?l"?-t?), n.
The state of being curable; curableness.
Cur"a*ble (k?r"?-b'l), a. [Cf.
F. curable. See Cure, v. t.]
Capable of being cured; admitting remedy.
\'bdCurable diseases.\'b8 Harvey. --
Cur"a*ble*ness, n. --
Cur`a*bly, adv.
{ Cu`ra*\'87ao", Cu`ra*\'87oa", }
(k??`r?-s?"), n. A liqueur, or cordial,
flavored with orange peel, cinnamon, and mace; -- first made at
the island of Cura\'87cao.
Cu"ra*cy (k?"r?-s?), n.; pl.
Curacies (-s. [See
Cure, Curate.] The office or
employment of a curate.
{ Cu*ra"re Cu*ra"ri }
(k?-r?"r?), n. [Native name. Cf.
Wourall.] A black resinoid extract prepared
by the South American Indians from the bark of several species of
Strychnos (S. toxifera, etc.). It sometimes
has little effect when taken internally, but is quickly fatal
when introduced into the blood, and used by the Indians as an
arrow poison. [Written also urari,
woorali, woorari, etc.]
Cu"ra*rine (k?"r?-r?n ,
n. (Chem.) A deadly alkaloid extracted
from the curare poison and from the Strychnos
toxifera. It is obtained in crystalline colorless
salts.
Cu"ra*rize (-r?z), v. t. To
poison with curare.
Cu*ras"sow (k?-r?s"s?), n.
[Native name in Brazil.] (Zool.) A
large gallinaceous bird of the American genera Crax,
Ourax, etc., of the family
Cracid\'91.
Crax alector) is
black, and about the size of a small hen-turkey, with an erectile
crest of curled feathers. It ranges from Mexico to Brazil. The
galeated curassow or cushew bird (Ourax Pauxi) is
similar in size, and has a large, hollow, blue, pear-shaped
protuberance on the head.
Cu"rat (k?"r?t), n.
[SeeCuirass.] A cuirass or
breastplate. [Obs.]
Spenser.
<-- p. 357 -->
Cu"rate (k?"r?t), n. [LL.
curatus, prop., one who is charged with the care (L.
cura) of souls. See Cure, n., and
cf. Cur] One who has the cure souls;
originally, any clergyman, but now usually limited to one who
assist a rector or vicar
Hook.
All this the good old man performed alone,
He spared no pains, for curate he had none.
Dryden.
Cu"rate*ship, n. A curacy.
Cu*ra"tion (k?-r?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. OF.curacion.] Cure;
healing. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cur"a*tive (k?r"?-t?v), a. [Cf.
F.curatif. See Cure, v. t.]
Relating to, or employed in, the cure of diseases; tending
to cure.
Arbuthnot.
Cu*ra"tor (k?-r?"t?r). n. [L.,
fr. curare to take care of, fr. cura
care.] 1. One who has the care and
superintendence of anything, as of a museum; a custodian; a
keeper.
2. One appointed to act as guardian of the estate
of a person not legally competent to manage it, or of an
absentee; a trustee; a guardian.
Cu*ra"tor*ship, n. The office of a
curator.
Cu*ra"trix (-tr?ks), n.
[L.] 1. A woman who cures.
2. A woman who is a guardian or custodian.
Burrill.
Curb (k?rb), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Curbed
(k?rbd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Curbing.] [F. courber to
bend, curve, L.curvare, fr. curvus bent,
curved; cf. Gr. Curve.] 1. To bend or curve
[Obs.]
Crooked and curbed lines.
Holland.
2. To guide and manage, or restrain, as with a
curb; to bend to one's will; to subject; to subdue; to restrain;
to confine; to keep in check.
Part wield their arms, part curb the foaming
steed.
Milton.
Where pinching want must curbthy warm desires.
Prior.
3. To furnish wich a curb, as a well; also, to
restrain by a curb, as a bank of earth.
Curb, v. i. To bend; to crouch; to
cringe. [Obs.]
Virtue itself of vice must pardon beg,
Yea, curb and woo for leave to do him good.
Shak.
Curb, n. 1. That which curbs,
restrains, or subdues; a check or hindbrance; esp., a chain or
strap attached to the upper part of the branches of a bit, and
capable of being drawn tightly against the lower jaw of the
horse.
He that before ran in the pastures wild
Felt the stiff curb control his angry jaws.
Drayton.
By these men, religion,that should
be
The curb, is made the spur of tyranny.
Denham.
2. (Arch.) An assemblage of three or
more pieces of timber, or a metal member, forming a frame around
an opening, and serving to maintain the integrity of that
opening; also, a ring of stone serving a similar purpose, as at
the eye of a dome.
3. A frame or wall round the mouth of a well; also,
a frame within a well to prevent the earth caving in.
4. A curbstone.
5. (Far.) A swelling on the back part of
the hind leg of a horse, just behind the lowest part of the hock
joint, generally causing lameness.
James Law.
Curb bit, a stiff bit having branches by which
a leverage is obtained upon the jaws of horse.
Knight. -- Curb pins
(Horology), the pins on the regulator which
restrain the hairspring. -- Curb plate
(Arch.), a plate serving the purpose of a
curb. -- Deck curb. See under
Deck.
Curb"less, a. Having no curb or
restraint.
Curb" roof` (r??f`). A roof having a
double slope, or composed, on each side, of two parts which have
unequal inclination; a gambrel roof.
Curb"stone` (k?rb"st?n`), n. A
stone
Curbstone broker.See under
Broker.
Curch (k??rch), n. See
Courche.
Cur*cu"li*o (k?r-r?"l?-?), n.;
pl. Curculios (-. [L., a
grain weevil.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a large
group of beetles (Rhynchophora) of many genera; --
called also weevils, snout
beetles, billbeetles, and
billbugs. Many of the species are very
destructive, as the plum curculio, the corn, grain, and rice
weevils, etc.
Cur`cu*li*on"i*dous (k?r`-k?-l?-?n"?-d?s),
a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the
Curculionide\'91, or weevil tribe.
\'d8Cur"cu*ma (k?r"k?-m?), n.
[Cf. F., It., & Sp. curcuma; all fr. Ar.
kurkum. Cf. Turmeric.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants of the order
Scitamine\'91, including the turmeric plant
(Curcuma longa).
Curcuma paper. (Chem.) See
Turmeric paper, under Turmeric.
Cur"cu*min (-m?n), n.
(Chem.) The coloring principle of turmeric, or
curcuma root, extracted as an orange yellow crystalline
substance, C14H14O4, with a green
fluorescence.
Turmeric
paper, under Turmeric.
Curd (k?rd), n. [Of Celtic
origin; cf. Gael. gruth, Ir, gruth,
cruth, curd, cruthaim I milk.]
[Sometimes written crud.] 1.
The coagulated or thickened part of milk, as distingushed
from the whey, or watery part. It is eaten as food, especially
when made into cheese.
Curds and cream, the flower of country fare.
Dryden.
2. The coagulated part of any liquid.
3. The edible flower head of certain brassicaceous
plants, as the broccoli and cauliflower.
Broccoli should be cut while the curd, as the
flowering mass is termed, is entire.
R. Thompson.
Cauliflowers should be cut for use while the head, or
curd, is still close and compact.
F. Burr.
Curd (k?rd), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Curded;p. pr.
&\'b5 vb. n. Curding.] To cause
to coagulate or thicken; to cause to congeal; to curdle.
Does it curd thy blood
To say I am thy mother?
Shak.
Curd, v. i. To become coagulated or
thickened; to separate into curds and whey
Shak.
Curd"i*ness (-?-n?s), n. The
state of being curdy.
Cur"dle (k?r"d'l), v. i. [From
Curd.] [Sometimes written crudle
and cruddle.] 1. To change into
curd; to coagulate; as, rennet causes milk to
curdle.
Thomson.
2. To thicken; to congeal.
Then Mary could feel her heart's blood curdle
cold.
Southey.
Cur"dle, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Curdled (-d'ld); p.pr. & vb.
n. Curdling (-dl?ng).]
1. To change into curd; to cause to
coagulate. \'bdTo curdle whites of eggs\'b8
Boyle.
2. To congeal or thicken.
My chill blood is curdled in my veins.
Dryden.
Curd"less (k?rd"l?s), a.
Destitute of curd.
Curd"y (k?rd"?), a. Like curd;
full of curd; coagulated. \'bdA curdy mass.\'b8
Arbuthnot.
Cure> (k, n. [OF,
cure care, F., also, cure, healing, cure of souls, L.
cura care, medical attendance, cure; perh. akin to
cavere to pay heed, E. cution.
Cure is not related to care.]
1. Care, heed, or attention.
[Obs.]
Of study took he most cure and most heed.
Chaucer.
Vicarages of greatcure, but small value.
Fuller.
2. Spiritual charge; care of soul; the office of a
parish priest or of a curate; hence, that which is committed to
the charge of a parish priest or of a curate; a curacy; as,
to resign a cure; to obtain a cure.
The appropriator was the incumbent parson, and had the
cure of the souls of the parishioners.
Spelman.
3. Medical or hygienic care; remedial treatment of
disease; a method of medical treatment; as, to use the water
cure.
4. Act of healing or state of being healed;
restoration to health from disease, or to soundness after
injury.
Past hope! pastcure! past help.
Shak.
I do cures to-day and to-morrow.
Luke xii. 32.
5. Means of the removal of disease or evil; that
which heals; a remedy; a restorative.
Cold, hunger, prisons, ills without a cure.
Dryden.
The proper cure of such prejudices.
Bp. Hurd.
Cure, v. t. [imp.& p.p.
Cured (k?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Curing.] [OF. curer to take
care, to heal, F., only, to cleanse, L. curare to take
care, to heal, fr. cura. See Cure,.]
1. To heal; to restore to health, soundness, or
sanity; to make well; -- said of a patient.
The child was cured from that very hour.
Matt. xvii. 18.
2. To subdue or remove by remedial means; to
remedy; to remove; to heal; -- said of a malady.
To cure this deadly grief.
Shak.
Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them
power . . . to cure diseases.
Luke ix. 1.
3. To set free from (something injurious or
blameworthy), as from a bad habit.
I never knew any man cured of inattention.
Swift.
4. To prepare for preservation or permanent
keeping; to preserve, as by drying, salting, etc.; as, to
cure beef or fish; to cure hay.
Cure, v. i. 1. To pay heed; to
care; to give attention. [Obs.]
2. To restore health; to effect a cure.
Whose smile and frown, like to Achilles' spear,
Is able with the change to kill and cure.
Shak.
3. To become healed.
One desperate grief cures with another's
languish.
Shak.
\'d8Cu`r (k?`r?"), n. [F.,
fr. LL. curatus. See Curate.] A
curate; a pardon.
Cure"*all` (k?r"?l`), n. A
remedy for all diseases, o
Cure"less, a. Incapable of cure;
incurable.
With patience undergo
A cureless ill, since fate will have it so.
Dryden.
Cur"er (-?r), n. 1.
One who cures; a healer; a physician.
2. One who prepares beef, fish, etc., for
preservation by drying, salting, smoking, etc.
\'d8Cu*rette" (k?-r?t"), n.[F.,
fr. curer to cleanse.] (Med.) A
scoop or ring with either a blunt or a cutting edge, for removing
substances from the walls of a cavity, as from the eye, ear, or
womb.
Cur"few (k?r"f?), n. [OE.
courfew, curfu, fr. OF.
cuevrefu, covrefeu, F.
couvre-feu; covrir to cover +
feu fire, fr. L. focus fireplace, hearth.
See Cover, and Focus.] 1.
The ringing of an evening bell, originally a signal to the
inhabitants to cover fires, extinguish lights, and retire to
rest, -- instituted by William the Conqueror; also, the bell
itself.
He begins at curfew, and walks till the first
cock.
Shak.
The village curfew, as it tolled profound.
Campbell.
2. A utensil for covering the fire.
[Obs.]
For pans, pots, curfews, counters and the like.
Bacon.
\'d8Cu"ri*a (k?"r?-?), n.; pl.
Curle (-. [L.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) One of the
thirty parts into which the Roman people were divided by
Romulus. (b) The place of assembly of one of
these divisions. (c) The place where the
meetings of the senate were held; the senate house.
2. (Middle Ages) The court of a
sovereign or of a feudal lord; also; his residence or his
household.
Burrill.
3. (Law) Any court of justice.
4. The Roman See in its temporal aspects, including
all the machinery of administration; -- called also
curia Romana.
Cu"ri*a*lism (k?"r?-?-l?z'm), n.
The wiew or doctrins of the ultramontane party in the Latin
Church.
Gladstone.
Cu"ri*a*list (k?"r?-?-l?st), n.
One who belongs to the ultramontane party in the Latin
Church.
Shipley.
Cu`ri*a*lis"tic (-l?s"t?k), a.
[L.curialis belonging to the imperial court, fr.
curia, LL., also, counselors and retinue of a
king.] 1. Pertaining to a court.
2. Relating or belonging to the ultramonate party
in the Latin Church.
Cu`ri*al"i*ty (-?l"?-t?), n.
[Cf. LL. curialitas courtesy, fr.
curialis.] The privileges, prerogatives, or
retinue of a court. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Cu"ri*et (k?"r?-?t), n. A
cuirass. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Cur"ing (k?r"?ng), p. a. & vb.
n. of Cure.
Curing house, a building in which anything is
cured; especially, in the West Indies, a building in which sugar
is drained and dried.
Cu"ri*o (k?"r?-?), n.;
pl.Curios (-.
[Abbreviation of curiosity.] Any
curiosity or article of virtu.<-- correct spelling! -->
The busy world, which does not hunt poets as collectors hunt
for curios.
F. Harrison.
Cu`ri*o*log"ic (-?-l?j"?k), a.
[Gr. Cyriologic.] Pertaining to a rude kind of
hieroglyphics, in which a thing is represented by its picture
instead of by a symbol.
Cu`ri*os"i*ty (k?`r?-?s"?-t?), n.;
pl. Curiosities (-t.
[OE. curiouste, curiosite, OF.
curioset\'82, curiosit\'82, F.
curiosit, fr. L. curiositas, fr.
curiosus. See Currious, and cf.
Curio.] 1. The state or quality or
being curious; nicety; accuracy; exactness; elaboration.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
When thou wast in thy gilt and thy perfume, they mocked thee
for too much curiosity.
Shak.
A screen accurately cut in tapiary work . . . with great
curiosity.
Evelin.
2. Disposition to inquire, investigate, or seek
after knowledge; a desire to gratify the mind with new
information or objects of interest; inquisitiveness.
Milton.
3. That which is curious, or fitted to excite or
reward attention.
We took a ramble together to see the curiosities of
this great town.
Addison.
There hath been practiced also a curiosity, to set
a tree upon the north side of a wall, and, at a little hieght, to
draw it through the wall, etc.
Bacon.
\'d8Cu`ri*o"so (k??`r?-?"z? ,
n.; pl. Curiosos (-zor -s. [It. See
Curious.] A virtuoso.
Cu"ri*ous (k?"r?-?s), a. [OF.
curios, curius, F. curieux, L.
curiosus careful, inquisitive, fr. cura
care. See Cure.] 1. Difficult to
please or satisfy; solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous;
nice; exact. [Obs.]
Little curious in her clothes.
Fuller.
How shall we,
If he be curious, work upon his faith?
Bean &
2. Exhibiting care or nicety; artfully constructed;
elaborate; wrought with elegance or skill.
To devise curious works.
Ex. xxxv. 32
His body couched in a curious bed.
Shak.
3. Careful or anxious to learn; eager for
knowledge; given to research or inquiry; habitually inquisitive;
prying; -- sometimes with after or
of.
It is a picurious after
things that were elegant and beatiful should not have been as
curious as to their origin, their uses, and their
natural history.
Woodward.
4. Exciting attention or inquiry; awakening
surprise; inviting and rewarding inquisitiveness; not simple or
plain; strange; rare. \'bdAcurious tale\'b8
Shak.
A multitude of curious analogies.
Mocaulay.
Many a quaint and curiousvolume of forgotten
lore.
E. A. Poe.
Abstruse investigations in recondite branches of learning or
sciense often bring to light curious results.
C. J. Smith.
Curious arts, magic.
[Obs.]
Many . . . which used curious arts brought their
books together, and burned them.
Acts xix. 19.
Syn. -- Inquisitive; prying. See Inquisitive.
Cu"ri*ous*ly, adv. In a curious
manner.
Cu"ri*ous*ness, n. 1.
Carefulness; painstaking. [Obs.]
My father's care
With curiousness and cost did train me up.
Massinger.
2. The state of being curious; exactness of
workmanship; ingenuity of contrivance.
3. Inquisitiveness; curiosity.
Curl (k?rl), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Curled
(k?rld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Curling.] [Akin to D.
krullen, Dan. kr, dial. Sw.
krulla to curl, crisp; possibly akin to E.
crook. Cf. Curl, n.,
Cruller.] 1. To twist or form into
ringlets; to crisp, as the hair.
But curl their locks with bodkins and with
braid.
Cascoigne.
2. To twist or make onto coils, as a serpent's
body.
Of his tortuous train,
Curled many a wanton wreath in sight of Eve.
Milton.
3. To deck with, or as with, curls; to
ornament.
Thicker than the snaky locks
That curledMeg\'91ra.
Milton.
Curling with metaphors a plain intention.
Herbert.
4. To raise in waves or undulations; to
ripple.
Seas would be pools without the brushing air
To curl the waves.
Dryden.
5. (Hat Making) To shape (the brim) into
a curve.
Curl, v. i. 1. To contract or
bend into curis or ringlets, as hair; to grow in curls or
spirals, as a vine; to be crinkled or contorted; to have a curly
appearance; as, leaves lie curled on the
ground.
Thou seest it [hair] will not curl by nature.
Shak.
2. To move in curves, spirals, or undulations; to
contract in curving outlines; to bend in a curved form; to make a
curl or curls. \'bdCirling billows.\'b8
Dryden.
Then round her slender waist he curled.
Dryden.
Curling smokes from village tops are seen.
Pope.
Gayly curl the waves before each dashing prow.
Byron.
He smiled a king of sickly smile, and curled up on
the floor.
Bret Harte.
<-- p>. 358 -->
3. To play at the game called
curling. [Scot.]
Curl (k?rl), n. [Akin to D.
krul, Dan. kr. See Curl,
v. ] 1. A ringlet, especially of
hair; anything of a spiral or winding form.
Under a coronet, his flowing hair
In curls on either cheek played.
Milton.
2. An undulating or waving line or streak in any
substance, as wood, glass, etc.; flexure; sinuosity.
If the glass of the prisms . . . be without those numberless
waves or curls which usually arise from the sand
holes.
Sir I. Newton.
3. A disease in potatoes, in which the leaves, at
their first appearance, seem curled and shrunken.
Blue curls. (Bot.) See under
Blue.
Curled (l?rld), a. Having
curls; curly; sinuous; wavy; as, curled maple (maple
having fibers which take a sinnuous course).
Curled hair (Com.), the hair of the
manes and tails of horses, prepared for upholstery
purposes.
McElrath.
Curl"ed*ness, n. State of being curled;
curliness.
Curl"er (-?r), n. 1.
One who, or that which, curls.
2. A player at the game called
curling.
Burns.
Cur"lew (k?r"l?), n. [F.
courlieu, corlieu, courlis;
perh. of imitative origin, but cf. OF. corlieus
courier; L. currere to run + levis
light.] (Zo\'94l.) A wading bird of the
genus Numenius, remarkable for its long, slender,
curved bill.
N.
arquatus. The long-billed (N. longirostris), the
Hudsonian (N. Hudsonicus), and the Eskimo curlew
(N. borealis, are American species. The name is said
to imitate the note of the European species.
Curlew Jack (Zo\'94l.) the whimbrel
or lesser curlew. -- Curlew sandpiper
(Zo\'94l.), a sandpiper (Tringa ferruginea,
), common in Europe, rare in America,
resembling a curlew in having a long, curved bill. See
Illustation in Appendix.
Curl"i*ness (k?rl"?-n?s), n.
State of being curly.
Curl"ing, n. 1. The act or
state of that which curls; as, the curling of smoke
when it rises; the curling of a ringlet; also, the
act or process of one who curls something, as hair, or the brim
of hats.
2. A scottish game in which heavy weights of stone
or iron are propelled by hand over the ice towards a mark.
Curling . . . is an amusement of the winter, and
played on the ice, by sliding from one mark to another great
stones of 40 to 70 pounds weight, of a hemispherical form, with
an iron or wooden handle at top. The object of the player is to
lay his stone as near to the mark as possible, to guard that of
his partner, which has been well laid before, or to strike off
that of his antagonist.
Pennant (Tour in Scotland. 1772).
Curling irons, Curling
tong, an instrument for curling the hair; --
commonly heated when used.
Curl"ing*ly, adv. With a curl, or
curls.
Curl"y (k?rl"?), a. Curling or
tending to curl; having curls; full of ripples; crinkled.
Curl"y*cue (k?rl"?-k?), n. [Cf.
F. caracole.] Some thing curled or
spiral,, as a flourish made with a pen on paper, or with skates
on the ice; a trick; a frolicsome caper. [Sometimes
written carlicue.] [ Colloq.
U.S.]
To cut a curlycue, to make a flourish; to cut
a caper.
I gave a flourishing about the room and cut a
curlycue with my right foot.
McClintock.
Cur*mudg"eon (k?r-m?j"?n), n.
[OE. cornmudgin, where -mudgin is
prob. from OF. muchier, mucier, F.
musser to hide; of uncertain origin; cf. OE.
muchares skulking thieves, E. miche,
micher.] An avaricious, grasping fellow; a
miser; a niggard; a churl.
A gray-headed curmudgeon of a negro.
W. Irving.
Cur*mudg"eon*ly, a. Like a curmudgeon;
niggardly; churlish; as, a curmudgeonly
fellow.
Cur*mur"ring (k?r-m?r"r?ng), n.
Murmuring; grumbling; -- sometimes applied to the rumbling
produced by a slight attack of the gripes.
[Scot.]
Burns.
Curr (k?r), v. i. [Prob.
imitative.] To coo. [Scot.]
The owlets hoot, the owlets curr.
Wordsworth.
Cur"rant (k?r"rant), n.
[F. corinthe (raisins de Corinthe
raisins of Corinth) currant (in sense 1), from the city of
Corinth in Greece, whence, probably, the small dried
grape (1) was first imported, the Ribes fruit (2)
receiving the name from its resemblance to that grape.]
1. A small kind of seedless raisin, imported from
the Levant, chiefly from Zante and Cephalonia; -- used in
cookery.
2. The acid fruit or berry of the Ribes
rubrum or common red currant, or of its variety, the white
currant.
3. (Bot.) A shrub or bush of several
species of the genus Ribes (a genus also including the
gooseberry); esp., the Ribes rubrum.
Black currant,a shrub or bush (Ribes
nigrum and R. floridum) and its black,
strong-flavored, tonic fruit. -- Cherry currant,
a variety of the red currant, having a strong, symmetrical
bush and a very large berry. -- Currant borer
(Zo\'94l.), the larva of an insect that bores into
the pith and kills currant bushes; specif., the larvae of a small
clearwing moth (\'92geria tipuliformis) and a
longicorn beetle (Psenocerus supernotatus). --
Currant worm (Zo\'94l.), an insect
larva which eats the leaves or fruit of the currant. The most
injurious are the currant sawfly (Nematus
ventricosus), introduced from Europe, and the spanworm
(Eufitchia ribearia). The fruit worms are the larva of
a fly (Epochra Canadensis), and a spanworm
(Eupithecia). -- Flowering
currant, Missouri currant, a species
of Ribes (R. aureum), having showy yellow
flowers.
Cur"ren*cy (k?r"r?n-c?), n.;
pl. Currencies (-s. [Cf.
LL. currentia a current, fr. L. currens, p.
pr. of currere to run. See Current.]
1. A continued or uninterrupted course or flow like
that of a sream; as, the currency of
time. [Obs.]
Ayliffe.
2. The state or quality of being current; general
acceptance or reception; a passing from person to person, or from
hand to hand; circulation; as, a report has had a long or
general currency; the currency of bank
notes.
3. That which is in circulation, or is given and
taken as having or representing value; as, the
currency of a country; a specie currency; esp.,
government or bank notes circulating as a substitute for metallic
money.
4. Fluency; readiness of utterance.
[Obs.]
5. Current value; general estimation; the rate at
which anything is generally valued.
He . . . takes greatness of kingdoms according to their bulk
and currency, and not after intrinsic value.
Bacon.
The bare name of Englishman . . . too often gave a transient
currency to the worthless and ungrateful.
W. Irving.
Cur"rent (k?r"rent), a.
[OE. currant, OF. curant,
corant, p. pr. of curre, corre,
F. courre, courir, to run, from L.
currere; perh. akin to E. horse. Cf.
Course, Concur, Courant,
Coranto.] 1. Running or moving
rapidly. [Archaic]
Like the current fire, that renneth
Upon a cord.
Gower.
To chase a creature that was current then
In these wild woods, the hart with golden horns.
Tennyson.
2. Now passing, as time; as, the
current month.
3. Passing from person to person, or from hand to
hand; circulating through the community; generally received;
common; as, a current coin; a current
report; current history.
That there was current money in Abraham's time is
past doubt.
Arbuthnot.
Your fire-new stamp of honor is scarce current.
Shak.
His current value, which is less or more as men
have occasion for him.
Grew.
4. Commonly estimated or acknowledged.
5. Fitted for general acceptance or circulation;
authentic; passable.
O Buckingham, now do I play the touch
To try if thou be current gold indeed.
Shak.
Account current. See under
Account. -- Current money, lawful
money.
Abbott.
Cur"rent, n. [Cf. F. courant.
See Current, a. ]
1. A flowing or passing; onward motion. Hence: A
body of fluid moving continuously in a certain direction; a
stream; esp., the swiftest part of it; as, a current
of water or of air; that which resembles a stream in motion;
as, a current of electricity.
Two such silver currents, when they join,
Do glorify the banks that bound them in.
Shak.
The surface of the ocean is furrowed by currents,
whose direction . . . the navigator should know.
Nichol.
2. General course; ordinary procedure; progressive
and connected movement; as, the current of time, of
events, of opinion, etc.
Current meter, an instrument for measuring the
velocity, force, etc., of currents. -- Current
mill, a mill driven by a current wheel. --
Current wheel, a wheel dipping into the water and
driven by the current of a stream or by the ebb and flow of the
tide.
Syn. -- Stream; course. See Stream.
Cur"rent*ly, adv. In a current manner;
generally; commonly; as, it is currently
believed.
Cur"rent*ness, n. 1. The
quality of being current; currency; circulation; general
reception.
2. Easiness of pronunciation; fluency.
[Obs.]
When currentness [combineth] with staidness, how
can the language . . . sound other than most full of
sweetness?
Camden.
Cur"ri*cle (k?r"r?-k'l), n.
[L.curriculum a running, a race course, fr.
currere to run. See Current, and cf.
Curriculum.] 1. A small or short
course.
Upon a curricle in this world depends a long course
of the next.
Sir T. Browne.
2. A two-wheeled chaise drawn by two horses
abreast.
Cur*ric"u*lum (k?r-r?k"?-l?m), n.;
pl. E. Curriculums (-lCurricula (-l. [L. See
Curricle.]
1. A race course; a place for running.
2. A course; particularly, a specified fixed course
of study, as in a university.
Cur"rie (k?r"r?), n. & v. See
2d & 3d Curry.
Cur"ried (-r, p.a. [See
Curry, v. t., and Curry,
n.]
1. Dressed by currying; cleaned; prepared.
2. Prepared with curry; as, curried
rice, fowl, etc.
Cur"ri*er (k?"r?-?r), n. [From
1st Curry.] One who curries and dresses
leather, after it is tanned.
Cur"rish (k?r"r?sh), a. [From
Cur.] Having the qualities, or exhibiting the
characteristics, of a cur; snarling; quarrelsome; snappish;
churlish; hence, also malicious; malignant; brutal.
Thy currish spirit
Governed a wolf.
Shak.
Some currish plot, -- some trick.
Lockhart.
-- Cur"rish*ly, adv. --
Cur"rish*ness, n.
Cur"ry (k?r"r?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Curried
(-r?d); p.pr. & vb. n.
Currying.] [OE. curraien,
curreien, OF. cunreer, correier,
to prepare, arrange, furnish, curry (a horse), F.
corroyer to curry (leather) (cf. OF.
conrei, conroi, order, arrangement, LL.
conredium); cor- (L.com-) +
roi, rei, arrangement, order; prob. of
German origin, and akin to E. ready. See
Ready, Greith, and cf. Corody,
Array.] 1. To dress or prepare for
use by a process of scraping, cleansing, beating, smoothing, and
coloring; -- said of leather.
2. To dress the hair or coat of (a horse, ox, or
the like) with a currycomb and brush; to comb, as a horse, in
order to make clean.
Your short horse is soon curried.
Beau. & FL.
3. To beat or bruise; to drub; -- said of
persons.
I have seen him curry a fellow's carcass
handsomely.
Beau. & FL.
To curry favor, to seek to gain favor by
flattery or attentions. See Favor,
n.
Cur"ry, n. [Tamil
kari.] [Written also
currie.]
1. (Cookery) A kind of sauce much used
in India, containing garlic, pepper, ginger, and other strong
spices.
2. A stew of fowl, fish, or game, cooked with
curry.
Curry powder (Cookery), a condiment
used for making curry, formed of various materials, including
strong spices, as pepper, ginger, garlic, coriander seed,
etc.
Cur"ry (k?r"r?), v. t. To
flavor or cook with curry.
Cur"ry*comb` (k?r"r?-k?m`), n.
A kind of card or comb having rows of metallic teeth or
serrated ridges, used in curryng a horse.
Cur"ry*comb`, v. t. To comb with a
currycomb.
Curse (k?rs), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Cursed
(k?rst) or Curst; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cursing.] [AS. cursian,
corsian, perh. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan.
korse to make the sign of the cross, Sw.
korsa, fr. Dan. & Sw. kors cross, Icel
kross, all these Scand. words coming fr. OF.
crois, croiz, fr. L. crux cross.
Cf. Cross.] 1. To call upon divine
or supernatural power to send injury upon; to imprecate evil
upon; to execrate.
Thou shalt not . . . curse the ruler of thy
people.
Ex. xxii. 28.
Ere sunset I'll make thee curse the deed.
Shak.
2. To bring great evil upon; to be the cause of
serious harm or unhappiness to; to furnish with that which will
be a cause of deep trouble; to afflict or injure grievously; to
harass or torment.
On impious realms and barbarous kings impose
Thy plagues, and curse 'em with such sons as
those.
Pope.
To curse by bell, book, and candle. See under
Bell.
Curse, v. i. To utter imprecations or
curses; to affirm or deny with imprecations; to swear.
Then began he to curse and to swear.
Matt. xxi. 74.
His spirits hear me,
And yet I need must curse.
Shak.
Curse, n. [AS. curs. See
Curse, v. t.] 1. An
invocation of, or prayer for, harm or injury; malediction.
Lady, you know no rules of charity,
Which renders good for bad, blessings for curses.
Shak.
2. Evil pronounced or invoked upon another,
solemnly, or in passion; subjection to, or sentence of, divine
condemnation.
The priest shall write these curses in a book.
Num. v. 23.
Curses, like chickens, come home to roost.
Old Proverb.
3. The cause of great harm, evil, or misfortune;
that which brings evil or severe affliction; torment.
The common curse of mankind, folly and
ignorance.
Shak.
All that I eat, or drink, or shall beget,
Is propagated curse.
Milton.
The curse of Scotland (Card Playing),
the nine of diamonds. -- Not worth a curse.
See under Cress.
Syn. -- Malediction; imprecation; execration. See
Malediction.
Curs"ed (k?rs"?d), a. Deserving
a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.
Let us fly this cursed place.
Milton.
This cursed quarrel be no more renewed.
Dryden.
Curs"ed*ly, adv. In a cursed manner;
miserably; in a manner to be detested; enormously.
[Low]
Curs"ed*ness, n. 1. The state
of being under a curse or of being doomed to execration or to
evil.
2. Wickedness; sin; cursing.
Chaucer.
3. Shrewishness. \'bdMy wife's
cursedness.\'b8
Chaucer.
Curs"er (k?rs"?r), n. One who
curses.
Cur"ship (k?r"sh?p), n.
[Cur +-ship.] The state of
being a cur; one who is currish. [Jocose]
How durst he, I say, oppose thy curship!
Hudibras.
Cur"si*ta`ting (k?r"s?-t?`t?ng), a.
[See Cursitor.] Moving about
slightly. [R.]
H. Bushnell.
Cur"si*tor (k?r"s?-t?r), n.
[LL. cursitor, equiv. to L. cursor,
fr. cursare to run hither and thither, fr.
currere to run. See Current, and cf.
Cursor.] 1. A courier or
runner. [Obs.] \'bdCursitors to and
fro.\'b8
Holland.
2. (Eng.Law) An officer in the Court of
Chancery, whose business is to make out original writs.
Cur"sive (k?r"s?v), a. [LL.
cursivus: cf. F. cursif See
Cursitor.] Running; flowing.
Cursive hand,a running handwriting.
Cur"sive, n. 1. A character
used in cursive writing.
2. A manuscript, especially of the New Testament,
written in small, connected characters or in a running hand; --
opposed to uncial.
Shipley.
Cur"sor (k?r"s?r), n. [L., a
runner. See Cursitor.] Any part of a
mathematical instrument that moves or slides backward and forward
upon another part.
Cur"so*ra*ry (-s?-r?-r?), a.
Cursory; hasty. [Obs.]
With a cursorary eye o'erglanced the articles.
Shak.
\'d8Cur*so"res (k?r-s?"rEz), n. pl.
[L. cursor, pl. cursores, a
runner.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) An order
of running birds including the ostrich, emu, and allies; the
Ratita\'91. (b) A group of running spiders;
the wolf spiders.
Cur*so"ri*al (k?r-s?"r?-al),
a. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Adapted to
running or walking, and not to prehension; as, the limbs of
the horse are cursorial. See Illust. of
Aves. (b) Of or pertaining to the
Cursores.
Cur"so*ri*ly (k?r"s?-r?-l?), adv.
In a running or hasty manner; carelessly.
Cur"so*ri*ness, n. The quality of being
cursory; superficial performance; as, cursoriness of
view.
Cur"so*ry (k?r"s?-r?), a. [L.
cursorius, fr. cursor. See
Cursor.] 1. Running about; not
stationary. [Obs.]
2. Characterized by haste; hastily or superficially
performed; slight; superficial; careless.
Events far too important to be treated in a cursory
manner.
Hallam.
Curst (k?rst), imp. & p.p. of
Curse.
Curst, a. [SeeCurse.]
Froward; malignant; mischievous; malicious; snarling.
[Obs.]
Though his mind
Be ne'er so curst, his tonque is kind.
Crashaw.
Curst"ful*ly (-f?l-l?), adv.
Peevishly; vexatiously; detestably.
[Obs.] \'bdCurstfully mad.\'b8
Marston.
<-- p. 358 -->
Curts"ness (k?rst"n?s), n.
Peevishness; malignity; frowardness; crabbedness;
surliness. [Obs.]
Shak.
Curt (k?rt), a. [L.
curtus; cf. Skr. kart to cut. Cf.
Curtail.] Characterized by exessive brevity;
short; rudely concise; as, curt limits; a
curt answer.
The curt, yet comprehensive reply.
W. Irving.
Cur*tail" (k?r-t?l"), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Curtailed
(-t?ld"); p.pr. & vb.n.
Curtailing.] [See
Curtal.] To cut off the end or tail, or any
part, of; to shorten; to abridge; to diminish; to reduce.
I, that am curtailed of this fair proportion.
Shak.
Our incomes have been curtailed; his salary has
been doubled.
Macualay.
Cur"tail (k?r"t?l), n. The
scroll termination of any architectural member, as of a step,
etc.
Cur"tail dog` (d. A dog with a
docked tail; formerly, the dog of a person not qualified to
course, which, by the forest laws, must have its tail cut short,
partly as a mark, and partly from a notion that the tail is
necessary to a dog in running; hence, a dog not fit for
sporting.
Hope is a curtail dog in some affairs.
Shak.
Cur*tail"er (k?r-t?l"?r), n.
One who curtails.
Cur*tail"ment (k?r-t?l"ment),
n. The act or result of curtailing or cutting
off.
Bancroft.
Cur"tain (k?r"t?n; 48), n.
[OE.cortin, curtin,fr. OF.
cortine, curtine, F. courtine,
LL. cortina, curtian (in senses 1 and 2), also, small
court, small inclosure surrounded by walls, from
cortis court. See Court.]
1. A hanging screen intended to darken or conceal,
and admitting of being drawn back or up, and reclosed at
pleasure; esp., drapery of cloth or lace hanging round a bed or
at a window; in theaters, and like places, a movable screen for
concealing the stage.
2. (Fort.) That part of the rampart and
parapet which is between two bastions or two gates. See
Illustrations of Ravelin and
Bastion.
3. (Arch.) That part of a wall of a
building which is between two pavilions, towers, etc.
4. A flag; an ensign; -- in contempt.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Behind the curtain, in concealment; in
secret. -- Curtain lecture, a querulous
lecture given by a wife to her husband within the bed curtains,
or in bed.
Jerrold.
A curtain lecture is worth all the sermons in the
world for teaching the virtues of patience and
long-suffering.
W. Irving.
-- The curtain falls, the performance
closes. -- The curtain rises, the performance
begins. -- To draw the curtain, to close ot
over an object, or to remove it; hence: (a) To
hide or to disclose an object. (b) To commence
or close a performance. -- To drop the curtain,
to end the tale, or close the performance.
Cur"tain, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Curtained (-t?nd; 48); p. pr. &
vb. n. Curtaining.] To inclose as
with curtains; to furnish with curtains.
So when the sun in bed
Curtained with cloudy red.
Milton.
Cur"tal (k?r"tal), a.
[OF. courtault, F. courtaud, having a
docked tail (cf. It. cortaldo), fr. court
short, L. curtus. See Curt, and
Curtail.] Curt; brief; laconic.
Essays and curtal aphorisms.
Milton.
Curtal dog. See Curtail
dog.
Cur"tal, n. A horse with a docked tail;
hence, anything cut short. [Obs]
Nares.
{ Cur"tal ax` (?ks`), Cur"tle
ax`, Curte"lasse (k?rt"las)
}. A corruption of Cutlass.
Cur"tal fri`ar (fr?`?r). A friar who acted
as porter at the gate of a monastery.
Sir W. Scott.
Cur*ta"na (k?r-t?"n?), n. The
pointless sword carried before English monarchs at their
coronation, and emblematically considered as the sword of mercy;
-- also called the sword of Edward the
Confessor.
Cur"tate (k?r"t?t), a. [L.
curtatus, p.p. of curtare to shorten, fr.
curtus. See Curt.] (Astron.)
Shortened or reduced; -- said of the distance of a planet
from the sun or earth, as measured in the plane of the ecliptic,
or the distance from the sun or earth to that point where a
perpendicular, let fall from the planet upon the plane of the
ecliptic, meets the ecliptic.
Curtate cycloid. (Math.) See
Cycloid.
Cur*ta"tion (k?r-t?"sh?n), n.
(Astron.) The interval by which the curtate
distance of a planet is less than the true distance.
Cur*tein" (k?r-t?n"), n. Same
as Curtana.
Cur*tes" (k?r-t?s"), a.
Courteous. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cur"te*sy (k?r"t?-s?), n.; pl.
Curtesies (-s. [Either fr.
courlesy, the lands being held as it were by favor; or
fr. court (LL. curtis), the husband being
regarded as holding the lands as a vassal of the court. See
Court, Courtesy.] (Law)
the life estate which a husband has in the lands of his
deceased wife, which by the common law takes effect where he has
had issue by her, born alive, and capable of inheriting the
lands.
Mozley & W.
Cur"ti*lage (k, n.
[OF. cortillage, curtillage, fr.
cortil court, courtyard, LL. cortis court.
See Court.] (Law) A yard,
courtyard, or piece of ground, included within the fence
surrounding a dwelling house.
Burrill.
Curt"ly (k?rt"l?), adv. In a
curt manner.
Curt"ness, n. The quality of bing
curt.
Curt"sy (k?rt"s?), n. Same as
Courtesy, an act of respect.
Cu"rule (k?"r?l), a. [L.
curulis, fr. currus a charoit: cf. F.
curule.] 1. Of or pertaining to a
charoit.
2. (Rom. Antiq.) Of or pertaining to a
kind of chair appropriated to Roman magistrates and dignitaries;
pertaining to, having, or conferring, the right to sit in the
curule chair; hence, official.
curule chair was usually shaped like
a camp stool, and provided with curved legs. It was at first
ornamented with ivory, and later sometimes made of ivory and
inlaid with gold.
Curule dignity right of sitting in the curule
chair.
\'d8Cu*ru"ro (k??-r??"r?), n.
[Chilian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A Chilian
burrowing rodent of the genus Spalacopus.
{ Cur"val (k?r"val),
Cur"vant (-vant) },
a. [L. curvans, p.
pr. ] (Her.) Bowed; bent;
curved.
{ Cur"vate (k?r"v?t), Cur"va*ted
(-v?-t?d), } a. [L.
curvatus p. p. of curvare to curve, fr.
curvus. See Curve.] Bent in a
regular form; curved.
Cur*va"tion (k?r-v?"sh?n), n.
[L. curvatio.] The act of bending or
crooking.
Cur"va*tive (k?r"v?-t?v), a.
(Bot.) Having the margins only a little curved;
-- said of leaves.
Henslow.
Cur"va*ture (k?r"v?-t?r; 135), n.
[L. curvatura. See Curvate.]
1. The act of curving, or the state of being bent
or curved; a curving or bending, normal or abnormal, as of a line
or surface from a rectilinear direction; a bend; a curve.
Cowper.
The elegant curvature of their fronds.
Darwin.
2. (Math.) The amount of degree of
bending of a mathematical curve, or the tendency at any point to
depart from a tangent drawn to the curve at that point.
Aberrancy of curvature (Geom.), the
deviation of a curve from a curcular form. -Absolute
curvature. See under Absolute. --
Angle of curvature (Geom.), one that
expresses the amount of curvature of a curve. -- Chord
of curvature. See under Chord. --
Circle of curvature. See Osculating circle
of a curve, under Circle. -- Curvature
of the spine (Med.), an abnormal curving of
the spine, especially in a lateral direction. -- Radius
of curvature, the radius of the circle of curvature, or
osculatory circle, at any point of a curve.
Curve (k?rv), a. [L.
curvus bent, curved. See Cirb.]
Bent without angles; crooked; curved; as, a
curve line; a curve surface.
Curve, n. [See Curve,
a., Cirb.] 1. A bending
without angles; that wcich is bent; a flexure; as, a
curve in a railway or canal.
2. (Geom.) A line described according to
some low, and having no finite portion of it a straight
line.
Axis of a curve. See under Axis.
-- Curve of quickest descent. See
Brachystochrone. -- Curve tracing
(Math.), the process of determining the shape,
location, singular points, and other perculiarities of a curve
from its equation. -- Plane curve
(Geom.), a curve such that when a plane passes
through three points of the curve, it passes through all the
other points of the curve. Any other curve is called a curve
of double curvature, or a twisted
curve.
Curve, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Curved (k?rvd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Curving.] [L.
curvare., fr. curvus. See Curve,
a., Curb.] To bend; to crook;
as, to curve a line; to curve a
pipe; to cause to swerve from a straight course; as, to
curve a ball in pitching it.
Curve, v. i. To bend or turn gradually
from a given direction; as, the road curves to the
right.
Curv"ed*ness (-?d-n?s), n. The
state of being curved.
Cur"vet (k?r"v?t ,
n. [OE. corvet,
It.corvetta: cf. F. courbette. See
Curve, and cf. Corvetto.] 1.
(Man.) A particular leap of a horse, when he
raises both his fore legs at once, equally advanced, and, as his
fore legs are falling, raises his hind legs, so that all his legs
are in the air at once.
2. A prank; a frolic.
Cur"vet, v. i. [imp. &
p.p. Curveted or -vetted; p.pr. &
vb. n. Curveting or
-vetting.] [Cf. It.
corvettare. See Curvet, n.]
1. To make a curvet; to leap; to bound. 'Oft and
high he did curvet.\'b8
Drayton.
2. To leap and frisk; to frolic.
Shak.
Cur"vet, v. t. To cause to curvet.
Landor.
Cur`vi*cau"date (k?r`v?-k?"d?t), a.
[L. curvus bent + E. caudate.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having a curved or crooked tail.
Cur`vi*cos"tate (k?r`v?-k?s"t?t), a.
[L. curvus + E. costate.]
(Bot.) Having bent ribs.
Cur`vi*den"tate (k?r`v?-d?n"t?t), a.
[L. curvus + E. dentate.]
Having curved teeth.
Cur"vi*form (k?r"v?-f?rm), a.
[L. curvus + -form.] Having a curved
form.
Cur`vi*lin"e*ad (k?r`v?-l?n"?-?d),
n. (Geom.) An instrument for drawing
curved lines.
{ Cur`vi*lin"e*al (-al),
Cur`vi*lin"e*ar (-?r), } a.
[L. curvus bent + E. lineal,
linear.] Consisting of, or bounded by,
curved lines; as, a curvilinear figure.
Cur`vi*lin`e*ar"i*ty (-?r"?-t?), n.
The state of being curvilinear or of being bounded by curved
lines.
Cur`vi*lin"e*ar*ly (-?r-l?), adv.
In a curvilinear manner.
Cur"vi*nerved` (-n?rvd`), a.
[L. curvus bent + E. nerve. ]
(Bot.) Having the ribs or the veins of the leaves
curved; -- called also curvinervate and
curve-veined.
Cur`vi*ros"tral (-r?s"tral),
a. [L. curvus + E.
rostral.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a
crooked beak, as the crossbill.
\'d8Cur"vi*ros"tres (-r?s"tr?z), n.
pl. [NL., fr. L. curvus curved +
rostrum beak, rostrum.] (Zo\'94l.)
A group of passerine birds, including the creepers and
nuthatches.
Cur`vi*se"ri*al (-s?"r?-al), a.
[L. curvus bent + E. serial.]
(Bot.) Distributed in a curved line, as leaves
along a stem.
Cur"vi*ty (k?r"v?-y?), n. [L.
curvitas, from curvus bent: cf. F.
curvit\'82.] The state of being curved; a
bending in a regular form; crookedness.
Holder.
Cur"vo*graph (k?r"v?-gr?f), n.
[L. curvus bent + -graph.]
(Geom.) An arcograph.
Cush"at (k??sh"?t), n. [AS.
cusceote.] (Zo\'94l.) The
ringdove or wood pigeon.
Scarce with cushat's homely song can vie.
Sir W. Scott.
Cush"ew*bird (k?sh"?-b?rd`), n.
(Zo\'94l) The galeated curassow. See
Curassow.
Cush"ion (k??sh"?n), n. [OE.
cuischun, quisshen, OF. coissin,
cuissin, F. coussin, fr. (assumed) LL.
culcitinum, dim. of L. culcita cushion,
mattress, pillow. See Quilt, and cf.
Counterpoint a coverlet.] 1.
A case or bag stuffed with some soft and elastic material,
and used to sit or recline upon; a soft pillow or pad.
Two cushions stuffed with straw, the seat to
raise.
Dryden.
2. Anything resembling a cushion in properties or
use; as: (a) a pad on which gilders cut gold
leaf; (b) a mass of steam in the end of the
cylinder of a steam engine to receive the impact of the
piston; (c) the elastic edge of a billiard
table.
3. A riotous kind of dance, formerly common at
weddings; -- called also cushion dance.
Halliwell.
Cushion capital.(Arch.) A capital
so sculptured as to appear like a cushion pressed down by the
weight of its entablature. (b) A name given to
a form of capital, much used in the Romanesque style, modeled
like a bowl, the upper part of which is cut away on four sides,
leaving vertical faces. -- Cushion star
(Zo\'94l.) a pentagonal starfish belonging to
Goniaster, Astrogonium, and other allied
genera; -- so called from its form.
Cush"ion (k??sh"?n), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Cushioned
(-?nd); p. pr. & vb.
Cushioning.] 1. To seat or
place on, or as on a cushion.
Many who are cushioned on thrones would have
remained in obscurity.
Bolingbroke.
2. To furnish with cushions; as, to
cushion a chaise.
3. To conceal or cover up, as under a
cushion.
Cushioned hammer, a dead-stroke hammer. See
under Dead-stroke.
Cush"ion*et (k??sh"?n-?t), n.
[OF. coissinet, F. coussinet. See
Cushion, and cf. Coussinet.] A
little cushion.
Cush"ion*less, a. Hot furnished with a
cushion.
Rows of long, cushionless benches, supplying the
place of pews.
Hawthorne.
Cush"ion*y (-?), a. Like a
cushion; soft; pliable.
A flat and cushiony noce.
Dickens.
Cush"ite (k?sh"?t), n. A
descendant of Cush, the son of Ham and grandson of Noah.
Cusk (k?sk), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large, edible, marine fish
(Brosmius brosme), allied to the cod, common on the
northern coasts of Europe and America; -- called also
tusk and torsk.
Cus"kin (k?s"k?n), n. A kind of
drinking cup. [Obs.]
Cusp (k?sp), n. [L.
cuspis, -idis, point, pointed end.]
1. (Arch.) A triangular protection from
the intrados of an arch, or from an inner curve of tracery.
2. (Astrol.) The beginning or first
entrance of any house in the calculations of nativities,
etc.
3. (Astron) The point or horn of the
crescent moon or other crescent-shaped luminary.
4. (Math.) A multiple point of a curve
at which two or more branches of the curve have a common
tangent.
5. (Anat.) A prominence or point,
especially on the crown of a tooth.
6. (Bot.) A sharp and rigid point.
Cusp, v. t. [imp. &
p.p. Cusped (k?spt); p.pr. & vb.
n. Cusping.] To furnish with a
cusp or cusps.
Cus"pa*ted (k?s"p?-t?d), a.
Ending in a point.
Cus"pid (k?s"p?d), n. [See
Cusp.] (Anat.) One of the canine
teeth; -- so called from having but one point or cusp on the
crown. See Tooth.
Cus"pi*dal (-p?-dal), a.
[From L. cuspis, cuspidis. See
Cusp.] Ending in a point.
Cus"pi*date (-d?t), v. t. To
make pointed or sharp.
{ Cus"pi*date (k?s"p?-d?t),
Cus"pi*da`ted (-d?`t?d), } a.
[L. cuspidatus, p.p. of cuspidare to
make pointed, fr. cuspis. See Cusp.]
Having a sharp end, like the point of a spear; terminating
in a hard point; as, a cuspidate leaf.
Cus"pi*dor (-d?r), n. [Pg.
cuspideria, fr. cuspir to spit.]
Any ornamental vessel used as a spittoon; hence, to avoid
the common term, a spittoon of any sort.
\'d8Cus"pis (k?s"p?s), n.
[L.] A point; a sharp end.
Cus"tard (k?s"t?rd), n. [Prob.
the same word as OE. crustade, crustate, a
pie made with a crust, fr. L. crustatus covered with a
crust, p. p. of crustare, fr. crusta crust;
cf. OF. croustade pasty, It. crostata, or
F. coutarde. See Crust, and cf.
Crustated.] A mixture of milk and eggs,
sweetened, and baked or boiled.
Custard apple (Bot.), a low tree or
shrub of tropical America, including several species of Anona
(A. squamosa, reticulata, etc.), having a
roundish or ovate fruit the size of a small orange, containing a
soft, yellowish, edible pulp. -- Custard coffin,
pastry, or crust, which covers or coffins a
custard [Obs.]
Shak.
Cus"tode (k?s"t?d), n. [F. or
It. custode, fr. L. custos,
-odis.] See Custodian.
Cus*to"di*al (k?s-t?"d?-al),
a. [Cf. F. custodial, fr. L.
custodia. See Custody.] Relating
to custody or guardianship.
Cus*to"di*an (k?s-t?"d?-an),
n. [From Custody.] One who
has care or custody, as of some public building; a keeper or
superintendent.
Cus*to"di*an*ship, n. Office or duty of
a custodian.
Cus*to"di*er (-?r), n. [Cf. LL.
custodiarus.] A custodian.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Cus"to*dy (k?s"t?-d?), n. [L.
custodia, fr. custos guard; prob. akin to
Gr. hide. Seee
Hide to cover.] 1. A keeping or
guarding; care, watch, inspection, for keeping, preservation, or
security.
A fleet of thirty ships for the custody of the
narrow seas.
Bacon.
2. Judicial or penal safe-keeping.
Jailer, take him to thy custody.
Shak.
<-- p. 360 -->
3. State of being guarded and watched to prevent
escape; restraint of liberty; confinement; imprisonment.
What pease will be given
To us enslaved, but custody severe,
And stripes and arbitrary punishment?
Milton.
Cus"tom (k?s"t?m), n. [OF.
custume, costume, Anglo-Norman
coustome, F. coutume, fr. (assumed) LL.
consuetumen custom, habit, fr. L.
consuetudo, -dinis, fr.
consuescere to accustom, verb inchoative fr.
consuere to be accustomed; con- +
suere to be accustomed, prosuus one's own; akin to E.
so, adv. Cf. Consuetude,
Costume.]
1. Frequent repetition of the same act; way of
acting common to many; ordinary manner; habitual practice; usage;
method of doing or living.
And teach customs which are not lawful.
Acts xvi. 21.
Moved beyong his custom, Gama said.
Tennyson.
A custom
More honored in the breach than the observance.
Shak.
2. Habitual buying of goods; practice of
frequenting, as a shop, manufactory, etc., for making purchases
or giving orders; business support.
Let him have your custom, but not your votes.
Addison.
3. (Law) Long-established practice,
considered as unwritten law, and resting for authority on long
consent; usage. See Usage, and
Prescription.
Usage is a fact. Custom is a
law. There can be no custom without usage,
though there may be usage without
custom.
Wharton.
4. Familiar aquaintance; familiarity.
[Obs.]
Age can not wither her, nor custom stale
Her infinite variety.
Shak.
Custom of merchants, a system or code of
customs by which affairs of commerce are regulated. --
General customs, those which extend over a state
or kingdom. -- Particular customs, those
which are limited to a city or district; as, the
customs of London.
Syn. -- Practice; fashion. See Habit, and
Usage.
Cus"tom, v. t. [Cf. OF.
costumer. Cf. Accustom.]
1. To make familiar; to accustom.
[Obs.]
Gray.
2. To supply with customers.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Cus"tom, v. i. To have a custom.
[Obs.]
On a bridge he custometh to fight.
Spenser.
Cus"tom, n. [OF. coustume,
F. coutume, tax, i. e., the
usual tax. See 1st Custom.] 1 the
customary toll,tax, or tribute.
Render, therefore, to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute
is due; custom to whom custom.
Rom. xiii. 7.
2. pl. Duties or tolls imposed by law
on commodities, imported or exported.
Cus"tom, v. t. To pay the customs
of. [Obs.]
Marlowe.
Cus"tom*a*ble (-?-b'l), a. [Cf.
OF. coustumable.]
1. Customary. [Obs.]
Sir T. More.
2. Subject to the payment of customs;
dutiable.
Cus"tom*a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being
customable; conformity to custom. [Obs.]
Cus"tom*a*bly, adv. Usually.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Cus"tom*a*ri*ly (-?-r?-l?), adv.
In a customary manner; habitually.
Cus"tom*a*ri*ness, n. Quality of being
customary.
Cus"tom*a*ry (k?s"t?m-?-r?), a.
[CF. OF. coustumier, F. coutumier. See
Custom, and cf. Customer.]
1. Agreeing with, or established by, custom;
established by common usage; conventional; habitual.
Even now I met him
With customary compliment.
Shak.
A formal customary attendance upon the offices.
South.
2. (Law) Holding or held by custom;
as, customary tenants; customary service or
estate.
Cus"tom*a*ry, n. [OF.
coustumier, F. coutumier.] A
book containing laws and usages, or customs; as, the
Customary of the Normans.
Cowell.
Cus"tom*er (k?s"t?m-?r), n. [A
doublet of customary, a.: cf. LL.
custumarius toll gatherer. See Custom.]
1. One who collect customs; a toll gatherer.
[Obs.]
The customers of the small or petty custom and of
the subsidy do demand of them custom for kersey cloths.
Hakluyt.
2. One who regularly or repeatedly makes purchases
of a trader; a purchaser; a buyer.
He has got at last the character of a good
customer; by this means he gets credit for something
considerable, and then never pays for it.
Goldsmith.
3. A person with whom a business house has
dealings; as, the customers of a bank.
J. A. H. Murray.
4. A peculiar person; -- in an indefinite sense;
as, a queer customer; an ugly
customer. [Colloq.]
Dickens.
5. A lewd woman. [Obs.]
Shak.
Cus"tom*house" (-hous`), n. The
building where customs and duties are paid, and where vessels are
entered or cleared.
Customhouse broker, an agent who acts for
merchants in the business of entering and clearing goods and
vessels.
\'d8Cus"tos (k?s"t?s), n.; pl.
Custodes (k.
[L.] A keeper; a custodian; a
superintendent. [Obs.]
Custos rotulorum (r
[LL., keeper of the rolls] (Eng. Law),
the principal justice of the peace in a county, who is also
keeper of the rolls and records of the sessions of the
peace.
Cus"trel (k?s"trel), n
[OF. coustillier. See Coistril.]
An armor-bearer to a knight. [Obs.]
Cus"trel, n. See Costrel.
[Obs.]
Ainsworth.
Cus"tu*ma*ry (-t?-m?-r?), a.
See Customary. [Obs.]
Cut (k?t), v. t.
[imp. & p.p. Cut; p.pr. & vb.
n. Cutting.] [OE.
cutten, kitten, ketten; prob. of
Celtic origin; cf. W. cwtau to shorten, curtail, dock,
cwta bobtailed, cwt tail, skirt, Gael.
cutaich to shorten, curtail, dock, cutach
short, docked, cut a bobtail, piece, Ir.
cut a short tail, cutach bobtailed. Cf.
Coot.] 1. To sparate the parts of
with, or as with, a sharp instrument; to make an incision in; to
gash; to sever; to divide.
You must cut this flesh from off his breast.
Shak.
Before the whistling winds the vessels fly,
With rapid swiftness cut the liquid way.
Pope.
2. To sever and cause to fall for the purpose of
gathering; to hew; to mow or reap.
Thy servants can skill to cut timer.
2. Chron. ii. 8
3. To sever and remove by cutting; to cut off; to
dock; as, to cut the hair; to cut the
nails.
4. To castrate or geld; as, to cut a
horse.
5. To form or shape by cutting; to make by
incision, hewing, etc.; to carve; to hew out.
Why should a man. whose blood is warm within,
Sit like his grandsire cut in alabaster?
Shak.
Loopholes cut through thickest shade.
Milton.
6. To wound or hurt deeply the snsibilities of; to
pierce; to lacerate; as, sarcasm cuts to the
quick.
The man was cut to the heart.
Addison.
7. To intersect; to cross; as, one line
cuts another at right angles.
8. To refuse to recognize; to ignorre; as, to
cut a person in the street; to cut one's
acquaintance. [Colloq.]
9. To absent one's self from; as, to
cut an appointment, a recitation. etc.
[Colloq.]
An English tradesman is always solicitous to cut
the shop whenever he can do so with impunity.
Thomas Hamilton.
To cut a caper. See under Caper.
-- To cut the cards, to divide a pack of cards
into portions, in order to determine the deal or the trump, or to
change the cards to be dealt. -- To cut a
dash a figure, to make a
display. [Colloq.] -- To cut down.
(a) To sever and cause to fall; to fell; to
prostrate. \'bdTimber . . . cut down in the mountains
of Cilicia.\'b8 Knolles. (b) To put
down; to abash; to humble, [Obs] \'bdSo great is his
natural eloquence, that he cuts doun the finest
orator.\'b8 Addison (c) To lessen; to
retrench; to curtail; as, to cut down expenses.
(d) (Naut.) To raze; as, to cut
down a frigate into a sloop. -- To cut the
knot the Gordian knot, to
dispose of a difficulty summarily; to solve it by prompt,
arbitrary action, rather than by skill or patience. --
To cut lots, to determine lots by cuttings cards;
to draw lots. -- To cut off. (a) To
sever; to separate.
I would to God, . . .
The king had cut off my brother's.
Shak.
(b) To put an untimely death; to put an end to; to
destroy. \'bdIrencut off by
martyrdom.\'b8 Addison. (c) To interrupt;
as, to cut off communication; to cut off
(the flow of) steam from (the boiler to) a steam engine.
(d) To intercept; as,, to cut off an
enemy's retreat. (e) To end; to finish; as,
to cut off further debate. -- To cut
out. (a) To remove by cutting or carving; as,
to cut out a piece from a board. (b)
To shape or form by cutting; as, to cut out a
garment. \'bd A large forest cut out into
walks.\'b8 Addison. (c) To scheme; to
contrive; to prepare; as, to cut out work for another
day. \'bdEvery man had cut out a place for
himself.\'b8 Addison. (d) To step in
and take the place of; to supplant; as, to cut out a
rival. [Colloq.] (e) To debar.
\'bdI am cut out from anything but common
acknowledgments.\'b8 Pope. (f) To
seize and carry off (a vessel) from a harbor, or from under the
guns of an enemy. -- To cut to pieces.
(a) To cut into pieces; as, to cut cloth
to pieces. (b) To slaughter; as,
to cut an army to pieces. -- To
cut a play (Drama), to shorten it by leaving
out passages, to adapt it for the stage. -- To cut
rates (Railroads, etc.), to reduce the
charges for transportation below the rates established between
competing lines. -- To cut short, to arrest
or check abruptly; to bring to a sudden termination.
\'bdAchilles cut him short, and thus
replied.\'b8 Dryden. -- To cut stick, to
make off clandestinely or precipitately.
[Slang] -- To cut teeth, to put forth
teeth; to have the teeth pierce through the gum and appear.
-- To have cut one's eyeteeth, to be sharp and
knowing. [Colloq.] -- To cut one's wisdom
teeth, to come to years of discretion. -- To
cut under, to undersell; as, to cut under
a competitor in trade. -- To cut up.
(a) To cut to pieces; as, to cut up an
animal, or bushes. (b) To damage or
destroy; to injure; to wound; as, to cut up a book
or its author by severe criticism. \'bdThis doctrine
cuts up all government by the roots.\'b8 Locke.
(c) To afflict; to discourage; to demoralize;
as, the death of his friend cut him up
terribly. [Colloq.]
Thackeray.
Cut (k?t), v. i. 1. To
do the work of an edged tool; to serve in dividing or gashing;
as, a knife cuts well.
2. To admit of incision or severance; to yield to a
cutting instrument.
Panels of white wood that cuts like cheese.
Holmes.
3. To perform the operation of dividing, severing,
incising, intersecting, etc.; to use a cutting instrument.
He saved the lives of thousands by manner of
cutting for the stone.
Pope.
4. To make a stroke with a whip.
5. To interfere, as a horse.
6. To move or make off quickly.
[Colloq.]
7. To divide a pack of cards into two portion to
decide the deal or trump, or to schange the order of the cards to
be dealt.
To cut across, to pass over or through in the
most direct way; as, to cut across a
field. -- To cut and run, to make off
suddenly and quickly; -- from the cutting of a ship's cable, when
there is not time to raise the anchor.
[Colloq.] -- To cut in into, to interrupt; to jont an anything
suddenly. -- To cut up. (a) To play
pranks. [Colloq.] (b) To divide
into portions well or ill; to have the property left at one's
death turn out well or poorly when divided among heirs, legatees,
etc. [Slang.] \'bdWhen I die, may I cut
up as well as Morgan Pendennis.\'b8
Thackeray.
Cut, n. 1. An opening made with
an edged instrument; a cleft; a gash; a slash; a wound made by
cutting; as, a sword cut.
2. A stroke or blow or cutting motion with an edged
instrument; a stroke or blow with a whip.
3. That which wounds the feelings, as a harsh
remark or criticism, or a sarcasm; personal discourtesy, as
neglecting to recognize an acquaintance when meeting him; a
slight.
Rip called him by name, but the cur snarled, snapped his
teeth, and passed on. This was an unkind cut
indeed.
W. Irving.
4. A notch, passage, or channel made by cutting or
digging; a furrow; a groove; as, a cut for a
railroad.
This great cut or ditch Secostris . . . purposed to
have made a great deal wider and deeper.
Knolles.
5. The surface left by a cut; as, a smooth or
clear cut.
6. A portion severed or cut off; a division;
as, a cut of beef; a cut of
timber.
It should be understood, moreover, . . . that the group are
not arbitrary cuts, but natural groups or types.
Dana.
7. An engraved block or plate; the impression from
such an engraving; as, a book illustrated with fine
cuts.
8. (a) The act of dividing a pack
cards. (b) The right to divide; as, whose
cut is it?
9. Manner in which a thing is cut or formed; shape;
style; fashion; as, the cut of a garment.
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut.
Shak.
10. A common work horse; a gelding.
[Obs.]
He'll buy me a cut, forth for to ride.
Beau. & Fl.
11. The failure of a college officer or student to
be present at any appointed exercise. [College
Cant]
12. A skein of yarn.
Wright.
A cut in rates (Railroad), a
reduction in fare, freight charges, etc., below the established
rates. -- A short cut, a cross route which
shortens the way and cuts off a circuitous passage. --
The cut of one's jib, the general appearance of a
person. [Colloq.] -- To draw
cuts, to draw lots, as of paper, etc., cut unequal
lengths.
Now draweth cut . . .
The which that hath the shortest shall begin.
Chaucer.
Cut (k?t), a. 1.
Gashed or divided, as by a cutting instrument.
2. Formed or shaped as by cuttting; carved.
3. Overcome by liquor; tipsy.
[Slang]
Cut and dried, prepered beforehand; not
spontaneous. -- Cut glass, glass having a
surface ground and polished in facets or figures. --
Cut nail, a nail cut by machinery from a rolled
plate of iron, in distinction from a wrought
nail. -- Cut stone, stone hewn or
chiseled to shape after having been split from the
quarry.
Cu*ta"ne*ous (k?-t?"n?-?s), a.
[Cf. F. cutan, fr. L. cutis skin.
See Cuticle.] Of pertaining to the skin;
existing on, or affecting, the skin; as, a cutaneous
disease; cutaneous absorption; cutaneous
respiration.
Cut"a*way` (k?t"?-w?`), a.
Having a part cut off or away; having the corners rounded or
cut away.
Cutaway coat, a coat whose skirts are cut away
in front so as not to meet at the bottom.
Cutch (k?ch; 224), n. See
Catechu.
Cutch, n. (Zo\'94l.) See
Cultch.
Cutch"er*y (k?ch"?r-?), n.
[Hind. kachahri.] A hindoo hall of
justice.
Malcom.
Cute (k?t), a. [An abbrev. of
acute.] Clever; sharp; shrewd; ingenious;
cunning. [Colloq.]
Cute"ness, n. Acuteness; cunning.
[Colloq.]
Cut"grass` (k?t"gr?s`). A grass with
leaves having edges furnished with very minute hooked prickles,
which form a cutting edge; one or more species of
Leersia.
Cu"ti*cle (k?"t?-k'l), n. [L.
cuticula, dim. of cuttis skin; akin to E.
hide skin of an animal.] 1.
(Anat.) The scarfskin or epidermis. See
Skin.
2. (Bot.) The outermost skin or pellicle
of a plant, found especially in leaves and young stems.
3. A thin skin formed on the surface of a
liquid.
Cu*tic"u*lar (k?-t?k"?-l?r), a.
Pertaining to the cuticle, or external coat of the skin;
epidermal.
Cu"tin (k?"t?n), n. [L.
cutis skin, outside.] (Bot.) The
substance which, added to the material of a cell wall, makes it
waterproof, as in cork.
Cu`tin*i*za"tion (k?`t?n-?-z?"sh?n),
n. (Bot.) The conversion of cell walls
into a material which repels water, as in cork.
Cu"tin*ize (k?"t?n-?z), v. t. & i.
To change into cutin.
\'d8Cu"tis (k?"t?s), n. [L. See
Cuticle.] (Anat.) See
Dermis.
Cut"lass (k?t"lass), n.;
pl. Cutlasses (-Ez). [F.
coutelas (cf. It. coltellaccio), augm. fr.
L. cuttellus a smallknife, dim. of culter
knife. See Colter, and cf. Curtal ax.]
A short, heavy, curving sword, used in the navy. See
Curtal ax.
Cutlass fish, (Zo\'94l.), a
peculiar, long, thin, marine fish (Trichirus lepturus)
of the southern United States and West Indies; -- called also
saber fish, silver eel,
and, improperly, swordfish.
Cut"ler (kUt"lEr), n. [OE.
coteler, F. coutelier, LL.
cultellarius, fr. L. cultellus. See
Cutlass.] One who makes or deals in cutlery,
or knives and other cutting instruments.
Cut"ler*y (k?t"l?r-?), n.
1. The business of a cutler.
2. Edged or cutting instruments,
collectively.
Cut"let (k?t"l?t), n. [F.
c, prop., little rib, dim. of
c rib, fr. L. costa. See
Coast.] A piece of meat, especially of veal
or mutton, cut for broiling.
Cut"ling (k?t"l?ng), n., [Cf.
Cuttle a knife.] The art of making edged
tools or cutlery. [Obs.]
Milton.
Cut"-off` (k?t"?f`; 115), n.
1. That which cuts off or shortens, as a nearer
passage or road.
2. (Mach.) (a) The valve
gearing or mechanism by which steam is cut off from entering the
cylinder of a steam engine after a definite point in a stroke, so
as to allow the remainder of the stroke to be made by the
expansive force of the steam already let in. See Expansion
gear, under Expansion. (b)
Any device for stopping or changing a current, as of grain
or water in a spout.
Cu"tose (k?"t?s), n. [L.
cutis skin.] (Chem.) A variety
of cellulose, occuring as a fine transparent membrane covering
the aerial organs of plants, and forming an essential ingredient
of cork; by oxidation it passes to suberic acid.
<-- p. 361 -->
Cut"-out` (k?t"out`), n.
(a) (Telegraphy) A species of switch for
changing the current from one circuit to another, or for
shortening a circuit. (b) (Elec.)
A divice for breaking or separating a portion of
circuit.
Cut"purse` (k?t"p?rs`), n. One
who cuts purses for the sake of stealing them or their contents
(an act common when men wore purses fastened by a string to their
girdles); one who steals from the person; a pickpocket
To have an open ear, a quick eye, and a nimble hand, is
necessary for a cutpurse.
Shak.
Cut"ter (k?t"t?r), n. 1.
One who cuts; as, a stone cutter; a die
cutter; esp., one who cuts out garments.
2. That which cuts; a machine or part of a machine,
or a tool or instrument used for cutting, as that part of a mower
which severs the stalk, or as a paper cutter.
3. A fore tooth; an incisor.
Ray.
4. (Naut.) (a) A boat used by
ships of war. (b) A fast sailing vessel with
one mast, rigged in most essentials like a sloop. A cutter is
narrower end deeper than a sloop of the same length, and depends
for stability on a deep keel, often heavily weighted with
lead. (c) A small armed vessel, usually a
steamer, in the revenue marine service; -- also called
revenue cutter.
5. A small, light one-horse sleigh.
6. An officer in the exchequer who notes by cutting
on the tallies the sums paid.
7. A ruffian; a bravo; a destroyer.
[Obs.]
8. A kind of soft yellow brick, used for facework;
-- so called from the facility with which it can be cut.
Cutter bar.(Mach.) (a) A
bar which carries a cutter or cutting tool, as in a boring
machine. (b) The bar to which the triangular
knives of a harvester are attached. -- Cutter
head (Mach.), a rotating head, which itself
forms a cutter, or a rotating stock to which cutters may be
attached, as in a planing or matching machine.
Knight.
Cut"throat` (k?t"thr?t`), n.
One who cuts throats; a murderer; an assassin.
Cut"throat`, a. Murderous; cruel;
barbarous.
Cut"ting (k?t"t?ng), n. 1.
The act or process of making an incision, or of severing,
felling, shaping, etc.
2. Something cut, cut off, or cut out, as a twig or
Cut"ting, a. 1. Adapted to cut;
as, a cutting tool.
2. Chilling; penetratinn; sharp; as, a
cutting wind.
3. Severe; sarcastic; biting; as, a
cutting reply.
Cut"ting*ly, adv. In a cutting
manner.
Cut"tle (k?t"t'l), n. [OF.
cultel, coltel, coutel, fr. L.
cultellus. See Cutlass.] A
knife. [Obs.]
Bale.
{ Cut"tle (k?t"t'l),
Cut"tle*fish` (-f?sh`), } n.
[OE. codule, AS. cudele; akin to G.
kuttelfish; cf. G. k, D.
keutel, dirt from the guts, G. kuttel
bowels, entrails. AS. cwip womb, Gith.
qipus belly, womb.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A cephalopod of the genus
Sepia, having an internal shell, large eyes, and ten
arms furnished with denticulated suckers, by means of which it
secures its prey. The name is sometimes applied to dibranchiate
cephalopods generally.
ink bag, opening into the
siphon, from which, when pursued, it throws out a dark liquid
that clouds the water, enabling it to escape observation.
2. A foul-mouthed fellow. \'bdAn you play the
saucy cuttle me.\'b8
Shak.
Cut"tle bone` (b?n`). The shell or bone of
cuttlefishes, used for various purposes, as for making polishing
powder, etc.
Cut*too" plate` (k?t-t??" pl?t`). A hood
over the end of a wagon wheel hub to keep dirt away from the
axle.
Cyt"ty (k?t"t?), a. [Cf. Ir. &
Gael. cut a short tail, cutach bobtailed.
See Cut.] Short; as, a cutty
knife; a cutty sark. [Scot.]
Cut"ty (k?t"t?), n.
[Scotch.] 1. A short spoon.
2. A short tobacco pipe.
Ramsay.
3. A light or unchaste woman.
Sir W. Scott.
Cut"ty*stoo` (-st??l`), n.
1. A low stool [Scot.]
2. A seat in old Scottish churches, where offenders
were made to sit, for public rebuke by the minister.
\'d8Cut"wal (k?t"w?l), n. [Per.
kotw.] The chief police officer of a
large city. [East Indies]
Cut"wa`ter (k?t"wa`t?r), n.
(Naut.) 1. The fore part of a ship's
prow, which cuts the water.
2. A starling or other structure attached to the
pier of a birdge, with an angle or edge directed up stream, in
order better to resist the action of water, ice, etc.; the
sharpened upper end of the pier itself.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A sea bird of the Atlantic
(Rhynchops nigra); -- called also black
skimmer, scissorsbill, and
razorbill. See Skimmer.
Cut"work` (k?t"w?rk`), n. (Fine
Arts) An ancient term for embroidery, esp. applied to
the earliest form of lace, or to that early embroidery on linen
and the like, from which the manufacture of lace was
developed.
Cut"worm` (-w?rm`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A caterpillar which at night eats off
young plants of cabbage, corn, etc., usually at the ground. Some
kinds ascend fruit trees and eat off the flower buds. During the
day, they conceal themselves in the earth. The common cutworms
are the larv\'91 of various species of Agrotis and
related genera of noctuid moths.
\'d8Cu*vette" (k?-w?t"), n.
[F., dim. of cuve a tub.]
1. A pot, bucket, or basin, in which molten plate
glass is carried from the melting pot to the casting table.
2. (Fort.) A cunette.
<-- 3. (Spectrometry) (Analytical
chemistry) A small vessel with at least two flat and
transparent sides, used to hold a liquid sample to be analysed in
the light path of a spectrometer. The shape and
materials vary; for ultraviolet spectrometry, quartz is typically
used. For visible-light spectrometry, plastic cuvettes may be
employed. Occasionally, small vessels used for other laboratory
purposes are called cuvettes.
cuvette holder, (Spectrometry) A
small device used to hold one or more cuvettes[3], shaped
specifically to fit in the sample chamber of a particular type of
spectrometer, with openings to permit light to pass through the
holder and the cuvettes, and designed so as to hold the cuvette
accurately and reproducibly within the light path of the
spectrometer. For cuvettes with a square horizontal
cross-section, the compartments will have a corresponding square
cross-section, usu. slightly larger than the cuvette.
-->
Cy*am"e*lide (s?-?m"?-l?d ,
n. (Chem.) A white amorphous
substance, regarded as a polymeric modification of isocyanic
acid.
Cy*am"el*lone (s?-?m"?l-l?n), n.
(Chem) A complex derivative of cyanogen, regarded
as an acid, and known chiefly in its salts; -- called also
hydromellonic acid.
Cy"a*nate (s?"?-n?t), n. [Cf.
F. cuanate. See Cyanic.]
(Chem.) A salt of cyanic acid.
Ammonium cyanate (Chem.), a
remarkable white crystalline substance,
NH4.O.CN, which passes, on standing, to the
organic compound, urea, CO.(NH)2.
<-- *note* error in urea formula is in the original -->
Cy`an*au"rate (s?`?n-?"r?t), n.
See Aurocyanide.
Cy*a"ne*an (s?-?"n?-a]/>n), a.
[Gr. kya`neos dark blue.] Having an
azure color.
Pennant.
Cy*an"ic (s?-?n"?k), a. [Gr.
cyanique. Cf. Kyanite.] 1.
Pertaining to, or containing, cyanogen.
2. Of or pertaining to a blue color.
Cyanic acid (Chem.), an acid,
HOCN, derived from cyanogen, well known in its
salts, but never isolated in the free state. -- Cyanic
colors (Bot.), those colors (of flowers)
having some tinge of blue; -- opposed to xanthic
colors. A color of either series may pass into red or
white, but not into the opposing color. Red and pure white are
more common among flowers of cyanic tendency than in those of the
other class.
Cy"a*nide (s?"?-n?d ,
n. [Cf. F. cyanide. See
Cyanic.] (Chem.) A compound formed
by the union of cyanogen with an element or radical.
Cy"a*nin (s?"?-n?n), n. [See
Cyanic.] (Chem.) The blue coloring
matter of flowers; -- called also anthokyan
and anthocyanin.
Cy"a*nine (s?"?-n?n ,
n. (Chem.) One of a series of
artificial blue or red dyes obtained from quinoline and lepidine
and used in calico printing.
Cy"a*nite (-n?t), n. [See
Cyanic.] (Min.) A mineral occuring
in thin-bladed crystals and crystalline aggregates, of a sky-blue
color. It is a silicate of aluminium. [Written also
kyanite.]
Cy*an"o*gen (s?-?n"?-j?n), n.
[Gr. -gen:
cf. F. cyanog\'8ane. So called because it produced
blue dyes.] (Chem.) A colorless,
inflammable, poisonous gas, C2N2, with a
peach-blossom odor, so called from its tendency to form
blue compounds; obtained by heating ammonium oxalate,
mercuric cyanide, etc. It is obtained in combination, forming an
alkaline cyanide when nitrogen or a nitrogenous compound is
strongly ignited with carbon and soda or potash. It conducts
itself like a member of the halogen group of elements, and shows
a tendency to form complex compounds. The name is also applied to
the univalent radical, CN (the half molecule of
cyanogen proper), which was one of the first compound radicals
recognized.
Cyanogen is found in the commercial
substances, potassium cyanide, or prussiate of potash, yellow
prussiate of potash, Prussian blue, Turnbull's blue, prussic
acid, etc.
Cy`a*nom"e*ter (s?`?-n?m"?-t?r), n.
[Gr. -meter: cf. F. cyanom\'8atre.]
An instrument for measuring degress of blueness.
Cy`a*nop"a*thy (-n?p"?-th?), n.
[Gr. (Med.) A disease in which the
body is colored blue in its surface, arising usually from a
malformation of the heart, which causes an imperfect
arterialization of the blood; blue jaundice.
Cy*an"o*phyll (s?-?n"?-f?l), n.
[Gr. (Bot.) A blue coloring matter
supposed by some to be one of the component parts
ofchlorophyll.
Cy"a*nosed (s?"?-n?st), a. [See
Cyanic.] Rendered blue, as the surface of the
body, from cyanosis or deficient a
\'d8Cy`a*no"sis (s?`?-n?"s?s), n.
[NL. See Cyanic.] (Med.) A
condition in which, from insufficient aCyanopathy.
Cy*an"o*site (s?-?n"?-s?t), n.
[See Cyanic.] (Min.) Native
sulphate of copper. Cf. Blue vitriol, under
Blue.
Cy`a*not"ic (s?`?-n?t"?k), a.
(Med.) Relating to cyanosis; affected with
cyanosis; as, a cyanotic patient; having the
hue caused by cyanosis; as, a cyanitic
skin.
Cy*an"o*type (s?-?n"?-t?p), n.
[Cyanide + -type.] A
photographic picture obtained by the use of a cyanide.
Cy"an"u*rate (s?-?n"?-r?t), n.
(Chem.) A salt of cyanuric acid.
Cy*an"u*ret (-r?t), n.
(Chem.) A cyanide. [Obs.]
Cy`a*nu"ric (s?`?-n?"r?k), a.
[Cyanic + uric: Cf. F.
cyanurique.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, or derived from, cyanic and uric acids.
Cyanuric acid (Chem.), an organic acid,
C3O3N3H3, first obtained by heating
uric acid or urea, and called
pyrouric acid; afterwards obtained from
isocyanic acid. It is a white crystalline substance,
odorless and almost tasteless; -- called also
tricarbimide.
Cy*ath"i*form (s?-?th"?-f?rm), a.
[L. cyathus a cup (Gr, ky`aqos)
-form:cf. F. cyathiforme.] In
the form of a cup, a little widened at the top.
Cy*ath"olith (s?-?th"?-l?th), n.
[Gr. ky`aqos a cup + -lith.]
(Biol.) A kind of coccolith, which in shape
resembles a minute cup widened at the top, and varies in size
from
Cy`a*tho*phyl"loid (s?`?-th?-f?l"loid),
a. [NL. cyathophyllum, fr. Gr.
ky`aqos a cup + fy`llon a leaf.]
(Pale Like, or pertaining to, the family
Cyathophyllid\'91.
Cy`a*tho*phyl"loid, n. (Paleon.)
A fossil coral of the family Cyathophyllid\'91;
sometimes extended to fossil corals of other related families
belonging to the group Rugosa; -- also called cup
corals. Thay are found in paleozoic rocks.
Cy"cad (s?"k?d), n.
(Bot.) Any plant of the natural order
Cycadece\'91, as the sago palm, etc.
Cyc`a*da"ceous (s?k`?-d?"sh?s ,
a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or
resembling, an order of plants like the palms, but having
exogenous wood. The sago palm is an example.
Cy"cas (s?"k?s), n. [Of
uncertain origin. Linn\'91us derives it from one of the
\'bdobscure Greek words.\'b8] (Bot.) A
genus of trees, intermediate in character between the palms and
the pines. The pith of the trunk of some species furnishes a
valuable kind of sago.
Cyc"la*men (s?k"l?-m?n), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. kykla`minos,
kyklami`s.] (Bot.) A genus of
plants of the Primrose family, having depressed rounded corms,
and pretty nodding flowers with the petals so reflexed as to
point upwards, whence it is called rabbit's
ears. It is also called sow bread,
because hogs are said to eat the corms.
Cyc"la*min (-m?n), n. A white
amorphous substance, regarded as a glucoside, extracted from the
corm of Cyclamen Europ\'91um.
Cy"clas (s?"kl?s), n.
[Cf.Ciclatoun.] A long gown or surcoat
(cut off in front), worn in the Middle Ages. It was sometimes
embroidered or interwoven with gold. Also, a rich stuff from
which the gown was made.
Cy"cle (s?"k'l), n. [F.
ycle, LL. cyclus, fr. Gr. cakra wheel,
circle. See Wheel.] 1. An imaginary
circle or orbit in the heavens; one of the celestial
spheres.
Milton.
2. An interval of time in which a certain
succession of events or phenomena is completed, and then returns
again and again, uniformly and continually in the same order; a
periodical space of time marked by the recurrence of something
peculiar; as, the cucle of the seasons, or of the
year.
Wages . . . bear a full proportion . . . to the medium of
provision during the last bad cycle of twenty
years.
Burke.
3. An age; a long period of time.
Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of
Cathay.
Tennyson.
4. An orderly list for a given time; a
calendar. [Obs.]
We . . . present our gardeners with a complete
cycle of what is requisite to be done throughout every
month of the year.
Evelyn.
5. The circle of subjects connected with the
exploits of the hero or heroes of some particular period which
have severed as a popular theme for poetry, as the legend aof
Arthur and the knights of the Round Table, and that of
Charlemagne and his paladins.
6. (Bot.) One entire round in a circle
or a spire; as, a cycle or set of leaves.
Gray.
7. A bicycle or tricycle, or other light
velocipede.
Calippic cycle, a period of 76 years, or four
Metonic cycles; -- so called from Calippus, who proposed it as an
improvement on the Metonic cycle. -- Cycle of
eclipses, a priod of about 6,586 days, the time of
revolution of the moon's node; -- called Saros by the
Chaldeans. -- Cycle of indiction, a period of
15 years, employed in Roman and ecclesiastical chronology, not
founded on any astronomical period, but having reference to
certain judicial acts which took place at stated epochs under the
Greek emperors. -- Cycle of the moon, Metonic cycle, a period of 19 years, after
the lapse of which the new and full moon returns to the same day
of the year; -- so called from Meton, who first proposed it.
-- Cycle of the sun, Solar
cycle, a period of 28 years, at the end of which
time the days of the month return to the same days of the week.
The dominical or Sunday letter follows the
same order; hence the solar cycle is also called the
cycle of the Sunday letter. In the Gregorian calendar
the solar cycle is in general interrupted at the end
of the century.
Cy"cle (s?"k'l), v. i.
[imp. & p.p. Cycled.
(-k'ld); p.pr. & vb. n. Cycling
(-kl.] 1. To pass
through a cycle of changes; to recur in cycles.
Tennyson. Darwin.
2. To ride a bicycle, tricycle, or other form of
cycle.
{ Cyc"lic (s?k"l?k ,
Cyc"lic*al (s?k"l?-kal), }
a. [Cf. F. cycluque,
Gr.Cycle.] Of or pertaining to a cycle or
circle; moving in cycles; as, cyclical
time.
Coleridge.
Cyclic chorus, the chorus which performed the
songs and dances of the dithyrambic odes at Athens, dancing round
the altar of Bacchus in a circle. -- Cyclic
poets, certain epic poets who followed Homer, and wrote
merely on the Trojan war and its heroes; -- so called because
keeping within the circle of a singe subject. Also, any series or
coterie of poets writing on one subject.
Milman.
Cy"clide (s?"kl?d), n. [Gr.
(Geom.) A surface of
the fourth degree, having certain special relations to spherical
surfaces. The tore or anchor ring is one of the cyclides.
Cy"cling (s?"kl?ng), n. The
act, art, or practice, of riding a cycle, esp. a bicycle or
tricycle.
Cy"clist (s?"kl?st), n. A
cycler.
Cy"clo- (s?"kl?-). [Gr. A combining form meaning
circular, of a circle or
wheel.
Cy`clo*bran"chi*ate (s?`kl?-br?n"k?-?t),
a. [Cyclo- +
branchiate.] (Zo\'94l) Having
the gills around the margin of the body, as certain
limpets.
Cy`clo*ga"noid (s?`kl?-g?"noid ,
a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Cycloganoidei.
Cy`clo*ga"noid, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Cycloganoidei.
\'d8Cy`clo*ga*noi"de*i (s?"kl?-g?-noi"d?-?),
n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ganoidei. See Ganoid.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of ganoid fishes, having
cycloid scales. The bowfin (Amia calva) is a living
example.
Cy"clo*graph (s?"kl?-gr?f), n.
[Cyclo- + -graph.] See
Arcograph.
Cy"cloid (s?"kloid), n.
[Cyclo- + -oid: cf. F.
cyclo\'8bde.] (Geom.) A curve
generated by a point in the plane of a circle when the circle is
rolled along a straight line, keeping always in the same
plane.
common cycloid is the curve described
when the generating point (p) is on the circumference
of the generating circle; the curtate cycloid, when
that point lies without the circumference; the prolate
or inflected cycloid, when the generating point
(p) lies within that circumference.
Cy"cloid, a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the Cycloidei.
Cycloid scale (Zo\'94l.), a fish
scale which is thin and shows concentric lines of growth, without
serrations on the margin.
Cy"cloid, n. (Zo\'94l.) One
of the Cycloidei.
Cy*cloid"al (-al), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a cycloid; as, the
cycloidal space is the space contained between a cycloid
and its base.
Cycloidal engine. See Geometric
lathe.
\'d8Cy*cloi"de*i (s?-kloi"d?-?), n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
fishes, formerly proposed by Agassiz, for those with thin, smooth
scales, destitute of marginal spines, as the herring and salmon.
The group is now regarded as artificial.
Cy*cloid"i*an (s?-kloid"?-an), a.
& n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as 2d and 3d
Cycloid.
Cy*clom"e*ter (s?-kl?m"?-t?r), n.
[Cyclo- + -meter.] A contrivance for
recording the revolutions of a wheel, as of a bicycle.
Cy*clom"e*try (-tr?), n.
[Cyclo- + -metry: cf. F.
cyclom.] (Geom.) The art
of measuring circles.
Cy"clone (s?"kl?n), n.
[Gr.
(Meteor.) A violent storm, often of vast extent,
characterized by high winds rotating about a calm center of low
atmospheric pressure. This center moves onward, often with a
velocity of twenty or thirty miles an hour.
anticyclone.
Cy*clon"ic (s?-kl?n"?k), a.
Pertaining to a cyclone.
Cy"clop (s?"kl?p), n. See Note
under Cyclops, 1.
Cy`clo*pe"an (s?`kl?-p?"an),
a. [L. Cyclopeus, Gr. cyclopeen.]
Pertaining to the Cyclops; characteristic of the Cyclops;
huge; gigantic; vast and rough; massive; as,
Cyclopean labors; Cyclopean
architecture.
{ Cy`clo*pe"di*a Cy`clo*p\'91"di*a }
(s?`kl?-p?"d?-?), n. [NL., from Gr.
ky`klos circle + paidei`a the bringing up
of a child, education, erudition, fr. paidey`ein to
bring up a child. See Cycle, and cf.
Encyclopedia, Pedagogue.] The circle
or compass of the arts and sciences (originally, of the seven
so-called liberal arts and sciences); circle of human knowledge.
Hence, a work containing, in alphabetical order, information in
all departments of knowledge, or on a particular department or
branch; as, a cyclopedia of the physical sciences,
or of mechanics. See Encyclopedia.
Cy`clo*ped"ic (s?`kl?-p?d"?k ,
a. Belonging to the circle of the sciences, or to
a cyclopedia; of the nature of a cyclopedia; hence, of great
range, extent, or amount; as, a man of cyclopedic
knowledge.
Cy`clo*pe"dist (-p?"d?st), n. A
maker of, or writer for, a cyclopedia.
Cy*clop"ic (s?-kl?p"?k), a.
[Gr.
Pertaining to the Cyclops; Cyclopean.
Cy"clops (s?"kl?ps), n. sing. & pl.
[L. Cyclops, Gr. 1. (Gr. Myth.) One of a race
of giants, sons of Neptune and Amphitrite, having but one eye,
and that in the middle of the forehead. They were fabled to
inhabit Sicily, and to assist in the workshops of Vulcan, under
Mt. Etna.
Cyclop, when used in the
singular.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of minute
Entomostraca, found both in fresh and salt water. See
Copepoda.
3. A portable forge, used by tinkers, etc.
Cy`clo*ra"ma (s?`kl?-r?"m? ,
n. [Cyclo- + Gr. A pictorial view which is extended
circularly, so that the spectator is surrounded by the objects
represented as by things in nature. The realistic effect is
increased by putting, in the space between the spectator and the
picture, things adapted to the scene represented, and in some
places only parts of these objects, the completion of them being
carried out pictorially.
Cy"clo*scope (s?"kl?-sk?p), n.
[Cyclo- + -scope.] A
machine for measuring at any moment velocity of rotation, as of a
wheel of a steam engine.
Knight.
\'d8Cy*clo"sis (s?-kl?"s?s), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. Cyclone.] (Bot.) The
circulation or movement of protoplasmic granules within a living
vegetable cell.
\'d8Cy`clo*stom"a*ta
(s?`kl?-st?m"?-t?),
\'d8Cy*clos"to*ma (s?-kl?s"t?-m?),, n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Bryozoa, in which the cells have circular apertures.
{ Cy"clo*stome (s?"kl?-st?m),
Cy*clos"to*mous (s?-kl?s"t?-m?s) },
a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the
Cyclostomi.
\'d8Cy*clos"to*mi (s?-kl?s"t?-m?), n.
pl. [NL. See Cyclostomata.]
(Zo\'94l.) A glass of fishes having a suckerlike
mouth, without jaws, as the lamprey; the Marsipobranchii.
Cy`clo*sty"lar (s?`kl?-st?"?r), a.
[Cyclo- + Gr.
Relating to a structure composed of a circular range of
columns, without a core or building within.
Weale.
Cy"clo*style (s?"kl?-st?l), n.
[Cyclo + style.] A
contrivance for producing manifold copies of writing or drawing.
The writing or drawing is done with a style carrying a small
wheel at the end which makes minute punctures in the paper, thus
converting it into a stencil. Copies are transferred with an
inked roller.
Cy"der (s?"d?r), n. See
Cider. [Archaic]
Cy*do"nin (s?-d?"n?n), n.
(Chem.) A peculiar mucilaginous substance
extracted from the seeds of the quince (Cydonia
vulgaris), and regarded as a variety of amylose.
Cyg"net (s?g"n?t), n. [Dim. of
F. cygne swan, L. cycnus.
cygnus, fr. Gr. cugne seems to be an etymological spelling of OF.
cisne, fr. LL. cecinus, cicinus,
perh. ultimately also fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A young swan.
Shak.
Cyg"nus (s?g"n?s), n. [L., a
swan.] (Astron.) A constellation of the
northern hemisphere east of, or following, Lyra; the Swan.
Cyl"in*der (s?l"?n-d?r), n. [F.
cylindre, OF. cilindre, L.
cylindrus, fr. Gr. Calender
the machine.]
1. (Geom.) (a) A solid body
which may be generated by the rotation of a parallelogram round
one its sides; or a body of rollerlike form, of which the
longitudinal section is oblong, and the cross section is
circular. (b) The space inclosed by any
cylindrical surface. The space may be limited or unlimited in
length.
2. Any hollow body of cylindrical form, as:
(a) The chamber of a steam engine in which the
piston is moved by the force of steam. (b)
The barrel of an air or other pump. (c)
(Print.) The revolving platen or bed which
produces the impression or carries the type in a cylinder
press. (d) The bore of a gun; the turning
chambered breech of a revolver.
3. The revolving square prism carryng the cards in
a Jacquard loom.
Cylinder axis. (Anat.) SeeAxis
cylinder, under Axis. -- Cylinder
engine (Paper Making), a machine in which a
cylinder takes up the pulp and delivers it in a continuous sheet
to the dryers. -- Cylinder escapement. See
Escapement. -- Cylinder glass. See
Glass. -- Cylinder mill. See
Roller mill. -- Cylinder press. See
Press.
Cyl`in*dra"ceous (-dr?"sh?s), a.
[Cf. F. cylyndrac] Cylindrical, or
approaching a cylindrical form.
{ Cy*lin"dric (s?-l?n"dr?k),
Cy*lin"dric*al (-dr?-kal), }
a. [Gr.cylindrique.] Having the
form of a cylinder, or of a section of its convex surface;
partaking of the properties of the cylinder.
Cylindrical lens, a lens having one, or more
than one, cylindrical surface. -- Cylindric, , surface (Geom.),
a surface described by a straight line that moves according
to any law, but so as to be constantly parallel to a given
line. -- Cylindrical vault. (Arch.)
See under Vault, n.
Cy*lin"dric*al*ly (s?-l?n"dr?-kal-l?),
adv. In the manner or shape of a cylinder; so as
to be cylindrical.
Cyl*`in*dric"i*ty (s?l`?n-dr?s"?-t?),
n The quality or condition of being
cylindrical.
Cy*lin"dri*form (s?-l?n"dr?-f?rm),
a. [L. cylindrus (Gr. -form: cf.F.
cylindriforme.] Having the form of a
cylinder.
Cyl"in*droid (s?l"?n-droid), n.
[Gr. -oid: cf. F.
cylindro.] 1. A solid body
resembling a right cylinder, but having the bases or ends
elliptical.
2. (Geom.) A certain surface of the
third degree, described by a moving straight line; -- used to
illustrate the motions of a rigid body and also the forces acting
on the body.
Cy*lin`dro*met"ric (s?-l?n`dr?-m?t"r?k),
a. [Gr. Belonging to a scale used in measuring
cylinders.
\'d8Cy"ma (s?"m?) n. [NL., fr.
Gr. Cyme]
1. (Arch.) A member or molding of the
cornice, the profile of which is wavelike in form.
2. (Bot.) A cyme. See
Cyme.
Cyma recta, Cyma, a cyma,
hollow in its upper part and swelling below. --
Cyma reversa, Ogee, a cyma
swelling out on the upper part and hollow below.
Cy*mar" (s?-m?r"), n. [F.
simarre. See Chimere.] A sight
covering; a scarf. See Simar.
Her body shaded with a light cymar.
Dryden.
\'d8Cy*ma"ti*um (s?-m?"sh?-?m), n.
[L., fr. Gr. (Arch.) A capping or crowning
molding in classic architecture.
Cym"bal (s?m"bal). n.
[OE. cimbale, simbale, OF.
cimbale, F. cymbale, L.
cymbalum, fr. Gr. kubha pot. Cf. Chime.] 1.
A musical instrument used by the ancients. It is supposed to
have been similar to the modern kettle drum, though perhaps
smaller.
2. A musical instrument of brass, shaped like a
circular dish or a flat plate, with a handle at the back; -- used
in pairs to produce a sharp ringing sound by clashing them
together.
3. A musical instrument used by gypsies and others,
made of steel wire, in a triangular form, on which are movable
rings.
Cym"bal*ist, n. A performer upon
cymbals.
Cym"bi*form (s?m"b?-f?rm),, a.
[L. cymba boat (Gr. -form: cf. F. cymbiforme.]
Shaped like a boat; (Bot.) elongated and having
the upper surface decidedly concave, as the glumes of many
grasses.
\'d8Cym"bi*um (s?m"b?-?m), n.
[L., a small cup, fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine univalve shells; the
gondola.
Cyme (s?m), n. [L.
cyma the young sprount of a cabbage, fr. Gr.
(Bot.) A
flattish or convex flower cluster, of the centrifugal or
determinate type, differing from a corymb chiefly in the order of
the opening of the blossoms.
Cy"mene (s?"m?n), n.
(Chem.) A colorless, liquid, combustible
hydrocarbon, CH3.C6H4.C3H7, of pleasant odor,
obtained from oil of cumin, oil of caraway, carvacrol, camphor,
etc.; -- called also paracymene, and formerly
camphogen.
Cy"me*nol (s?"m?-n?l), n.
(Chem.) See Carvacrol.
Cy"mi*dine ( s?"m?-d?n ,
n. (Chem.) A liquid organic base,
C10H13.NH2, derived from cymene.
Cy*mif"er*ous (s?-m?f"?r-?s), a.
[Cyme + -ferous.] Producing
cymes.
{ Cym"ling, Cymb"ling (s?m"l?ng)
}, n. A scalloped or \'bdpattypan\'b8
variety of summer squash.
Cy"mo*gene (s?"m?-j?n), n.
(Chem.) A highly volatile liquid, condensed by
cold and pressure from the first products of the distillation of
petroleum; -- used for producing low temperatures.
Cy"moid (s?"moid), a.
[Cyme + -oid.] (Bot.)
Having the form of a cyme.
Cym"o*phane (s?m"?-f?n ,
n. [Gr.cymophane. So named in allusion to a peculiar
opalescence often seen in it.] (Min.) See
Chrysoberyl.
Cy*moph"a*nous (s?-m?f"?-n?s ,
a. Having a wavy, floating light; opalescent;
chatoyant.
{ Cy"mose (s?"m?s; 277), Cy"mous
(s?"m?s), } a. [L.
cymosus full of shoots: cf. FF. cymeux. See
Cyme.] (Bot.) Having the nature of a cyme,
or derived from a cyme; bearing, or pertaining to, a cyme or
cymes.
Cym"ric (k?m"r?k), a. [W.
Cymru Wales.] Welsh. --
n. The Welsh language.
[Written also Kymric.]
Cym"ry (-r?), n. [W.,
pl.] A collective term for the Welsh race;
-- so called by themselves . [Written also
Cymri, Cwmry, Kymry, etc.]
Cy"mule (s?"m?l), n. [Cf. L.
cymula a tender sprout, dim. of cyna. See
Cyme.] (Bot.) A small cyme, or one
of very few flowers.
\'d8Cy*nan"che (s?-n?n"k?), n.
[L., fr. Gr. Quinsy.] (Med.)
Any disease of the tonsils, throat, or windpipe, attended
with inflammation, swelling, and difficulty of breathing and
swallowing.
Cy*nan"thro*py (s?-n?n"thr?-p?), n.
[Gr. cynanthropie.]
(Med.) A kind of madness in which men fancy
themselves changed into dogs, and imitate the voice and habits of
that animal.
Cyn`arc*tom"a*chy (s?n`?rk-t?m"?-k?).
n. [Gr. Bear baiting with a
dog.
Hudibras.
Cyn`ar*rho"di*um (s?n`?r-r?"d?-?m),
n. [NL., from Gr.
(Bot.) A fruit like that of the rose, consisting
of a cup formed of the calyx tube and receptacle, and containing
achenes.
<-- p. 363 -->
Cyn`e*get"ics (s?n`?-j?t"?ks), n.
[Gr. The art of hunting with dogs.
{ Cyn"ic (s?n"?k), Cyn"ic*al
(-?-kal), } a. [L.
cynicus of the sect of Cynics, fr. Gr. Hound.] 1. Having the qualities of a
surly dog; snarling; captious; currish.
I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to
confess obligations where no benefit has been received.
Johnson.
2. Pertaining to the Dog Star; as, the
cynic, or Sothic, year; cynic cycle.
3. Belonging to the sect of philosophers called
cynics; having the qualities of a cynic; pertaining to, or
resembling, the doctrines of the cynics.
4. Given to sneering at rectitude and the conduct
of life by moral principles; disbelieving in the reality of any
human purposes which are not suggested or directed by
self-interest or self-indulgence; as, a cynical man
who scoffs at pretensions of integrity; characterized by
such opinions; as, cynical views of human
nature.
cynical is used rather than
cynic, in the senses 1 and 4.
Cynic spasm (Med.), a convulsive
contraction of the muscles of one side of the face, producing a
sort of grin, suggesting certain movements in the upper lip of a
dog.
Cyn"ic, n. (Gr. Philos)
1. One of a sect or school of philosophers founded
by Antisthenes, and of whom Diogenes was a disciple. The first
Cynics were noted for austere lives and their scorn for social
customs and current philosophical opinions. Hence the term Cynic
symbolized, in the popular judgment, moroseness, and contempt for
the views of others.
2. One who holds views resembling those of the
Cynics; a snarler; a misanthrope; particularly, a person who
believes that human conduct is directed, either consciously or
unconsciously, wholly by self-interest or self-indulgence, and
that appearances to the contrary are superficial and
untrustworthy.
He could obtain from one morose cynic, whose
opinion it was impossible to despise, scarcely any not acidulated
with scorn.
Macaulay.
Cyn"ic*al*ly (s?n"?-kal-l?),
adv. In a cynical manner.
Cyn"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being
cynical.
Cyn"i*cism (s?n"?-s?z'm), n.
The doctrine of the Cynics; the quality of being cynical;
the mental state, opnions, or conduct, of a cynic; morose and
contemptuous views and opinions.
\'d8Cy*noi"de*a (s?-noi"d?-a), n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Carnivora, including the dogs, wolves, and foxes.
\'d8Cyn`o*rex"i*a (s?n`?-r?ks"?-?),
n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A
voracious appetite, like that of a starved dog.
Cy`no*su"ral (s?`n?-sh?"ral , a. Of or pertaining to a
cynosure.
Cy"no*sure (s?"n?-sh?r ,
n. [L. Cynosura theconstellation
Cynosure, Gr. Cynic.] 1. The constellation of
the Lesser Bear, to which, as containing the polar star, the eyes
of mariners and travelers were often directed.
2. That which serves to direct.
Southey.
3. Anything to which attention is strongly turned;
a center of attraction.
Where perhaps some beauty lies,
The cynosure of neighboring eyes.
Milton.
Cy"on (s?"?n), n. See
Cion, and Scion.
Cyp`er*a"ceous (s?p`?r-?"sh?s ,
a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, a large family of plants of which the sedge is the
type.
Cyp"e*rus (s?p"?-r?s), n. [NL.,
from Gr. (Bot.) A
large genus of plants belonging to the Sedge family, and
including the species called galingale, several bulrushes, and
the Egyptian papyrus.
Cy"pher (s?"f?r), n. & v. See
Cipher.
\'d8Cyph`o*nau"tes (s?f`?-n?"t?z),
n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The free-swimming,
bivalve larva of certain Bryozoa.
Cyph"o*nism (s?f`?-n?z'm ,
n. [Gr. A punishment sometimes used by the
ancients, consisting in the besmearing of the criminal with
honey, and exposing him to insects. It is still in use among some
Oriental nations.
\'d8Cy*pr\'91"a (s?-pr?"?), n.
[NL.; cf. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of mollusks, including the
cowries. See Cowrie.
Cy`pres" (s?`pr?" ,
n. [OF., nearly.] (Law) A
rule for construing written instruments so as to conform as
nearly to the intention of the parties as is consistent with
law.
Mozley & W.
Cy"press (s?"pr?s), n.; pl.
Cypresses (- [OE. cipres,
cipresse, OF. cipres, F.
cypr, L. cupressus,
cyparissus (cf. the usual Lat. form
cupressus), fr. Gr. g, Gen. vi. 14.]
(Bot) A coniferous tree of the genus
Cupressus. The species are mostly evergreen, and have
wood remarkable for its durability.
cypress are the
common Oriental cypress, Cupressus sempervirens, the
evergreen American cypress, C. thyoides (now called
Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea), and the deciduous American
cypress, Taxodium distichum. As having anciently been
used at funerals, and to adorn tombs, the Oriental species is an
emblem of mourning and sadness.
Cypress vine (Bot.), a climbing
plant with red or white flowers (Ipot\'d2a Quamoclit,
formerly Quamoclit vulgaris).
Cyp"ri*an (s?p"r?-a]/>n), a.
[L. Cyprius, fr. Cyprus, Gr.
1. Belonging to
Cyprus.
2. Of, pertaining, or conducing to, lewdness.
Cyp"ri*an, n. 1. A native or
inhabitant of Cyprus, especially of ancient Cyprus; a
Cypriot.
2. A lewd woman; a harlot.
Cyp"rine (s?p"r?n , a.
[Cf. Cypress.] Of or pertaining to the
cypress.
Cyp"rine, a. [See
Cyprinoid.] (Zo\'94l.)
Cyprinoid.
Cy*prin"o*dont (s?-pr?n"?-d?nt), n.
[Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Cyprinodontidae, a family of fishes including the
killifishes or minnows. See Minnow.
Cyp"ri*noid (s?p"r?-noid), a.
[Gr. -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like the carp
(Cyprinus). -- n. One of
the Cyprinidae, or Carp family, as the goldfish,
barbel, etc.
Cyp"ri*ot (s?p"r?-?t), n. [F.
Cypriot, Chypriot.] A native or
inhabitant of Cyprus.
\'d8Cyp`ri*pe"di*um (s?p`r?-p?"d?-?m),
n. [NL., fr. Cypris Venus +
pes, pedis, foot.] (Bot.)
A genus of orchidaceous plants including the lady's
slipper.
\'d8Cy"pris (s?"pr?s), n.; pl.
Cyprides (s. [L.
Cypris, the Cyprian goddess Venus, Gr. Cyprian.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus
of small, bivalve, freshwater Crustacea, belonging to the
Ostracoda; also, a member of this genus.
Cy"prus (s?"pr?s), n. [OE.
cipres, cypirs; perh. so named as being
first manufactured in Cyprus. Cf. Cipers.] A
thin, transparent stuff, the same as, or corresponding to, crape.
It was either white or black, the latter being most common, and
used for mourning. [Obs.]
Lawn as white as driven snow,
Cyprus black as e'er was crow.
Shak.
Cy"prus*lawn` (-l?n`), n. Same
as Cyprus.
Milton.
\'d8Cyp"se*la (s?p"s?-l?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Bot.) A one-seeded, one-called, indehiscent
fruit; an achene with the calyx tube adherent.
Cyp*sel"i*form (s?p-s?l"?-f?rm), a.
[L. cypselus a kind of swallow, Gr. -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or
belonging to the swifts (Cypselid\'91.)
Cyr`e*na"ic (s?r`?-n?"?k ,
a. [L. Cyrenaicus, fr.
Cyrene, in Libya.] Pertaining to Cyrenaica,
an ancient country of northern Africa, and to Cyrene, its
principal city; also, to a school of philosophy founded by
Aristippus, a native of Cyrene. -- n.
A native of Cyrenaica; also, a disciple of the school of
Aristippus. See Cyrenian, n.
Cy*re"ni*an (s?-r?"n?-a]/>n), a.
Pertaining to Cyrene, in Africa; Cyrenaic.
Cy*re"ni*an, n. 1. A native or
inhabitant of Cyrene.
2. One of a school of philosophers, established at
Cyrene by Aristippus, a disciple of Socrates. Their doctrines
were nearly the same as those of the Epicureans.
Cyr`i*o*log"ic (s?r`?-?-l?j"?k ,
a. [See Curiologic.] Relating
to capital letters.
Cyr"to*style (s?r"t?-st?l), n.
[Gr.
(Arch.) A circular projecting portion.
Cyst (s?st), n. [Gr.
Cyme.] 1. (Med.)
(a) A pouch or sac without opening, usually
membranous and containing morbid matter, which is accidentally
developed in one of the natural cavaties or in the substance of
an organ. (b) In old authors, the urinary
bladder, or the gall bladder. [Written also
cystis.]
2. (Bot.) One of the bladders or air
vessels of certain alg\'91, as of the great kelp of the Pacific,
and common rockweeds (Fuci) of our shores.
D. C. Eaton.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small
capsule or sac of the kind in which many immature entozoans exit
in the tissues of living animals; also, a similar form in
Rotifera, etc. (b) A form assumed by Protozoa
inwhich they become saclike and quiescent. It generally precedes
the production of germs. See Encystment.
Cyst"ed (s?s"t?d), a. Inclosed
in a cyst.
Cyst"ic (s?s"t?k), a. [Cf. F.
cystique.] 1. Having the form of,
or living in, a cyst; as, the cystic
entozoa.
2. Containing cysts; cystose; as,
cystic sarcoma.
3. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or contained
in, a cyst; esp., pertaining to, or contained in, either the
urinary bladder or the gall bladder.
Cystic duct, the duct from the gall bladder
which unites with the hepatic to form the common bile duct.
-- Cystic worm (Zo\'94l.), a larval
tape worm, as the cysticercus and echinococcus.
{ Cys"ti*cerce (s?s"t?-s?rs),
Cys`ti*cer"cus (-s?r"k?s), }
n. [NL. cysticercus, fr. Gr.
cysticerque.] (Zo\'94l.) The
larval form of a tapeworm, having the head and neck of a tapeworm
attached to a saclike body filled with fluid; -- called also
bladder worm, hydatid, and
measle (as, pork measle).
Measles, 4, Tapeworm.
Cys"ti*cule (s?s"t?-k?l), n.
[Dim. of cyst.] (Anat.) An
appendage of the vestibular ear sac of fishes.
Owen.
Cys"tid (s?s"t?d), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Cystidea.
\'d8Cys*tid"e*a (s?s-t?d"?-?), n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of Crinoidea,
mostly fossils of the Paleozoic rocks. They were usually roundish
or egg-shaped, and often unsymmetrical; some were sessile, others
had short stems.
Cys*tid"e*an (-t?d"?-a]/>n), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Cystidea.
Cyst"ine (s?s"t?n; 104), n.
[See Cyst.] (Physiol. Chem.)
A white crystalline substance, C3H7NSO2,
containing sulphur, occuring as a constituent of certain rare
urinary calculi, and occasionally found as a sediment in
urine.<-- cysteine? -->
Cys"tis (s?s"t?s), n.
[NL.] A cyst. See Cyst.
Cys*ti"tis (s?s-t?"t?s), n.
[Cyst + -itis: cf. F.
cystite.] (Med.) Inflammation of
the bladder.
Cys"to*carp (s?s"t?-k?rp), n.
[Gr.
(Bot.) A minute vesicle in a red seaweed, which
contains the reproductive spores.
Cys"to*cele (-s?l), n. [Gr.
cystocele.] (Med.) Hernia in
which the urinary bladder protrudes; vesical hernia.
{ Cys"toid, Cys*toid"e*an },
n. Same as Cystidean.
Cys*toi"de*a (s?s-toi"d?-?), n.
Same as Cystidea.
Cys"to*lith (s?s"t?-l?th), n.
[Gr. -lith.]
1. (Bot.) A concretion of mineral matter
within a leaf or other part of a plant.
2. (Med.) A urinary calculus.
Cys`to*lith"ic (-l?th"?k), a.
(Med.) Relating to stone in the bladder.
Cys"to*plast (-pl?st), n. [Gr.
(Biol.) A nucleated cell having an envelope or
cell wall, as a red blood corpuscle or an epithelial cell; a cell
concerned in growth.
Cyst"ose (s?s"t?s), a.
Containing, or resembling, a cyst or cysts; cystic;
bladdery.
Cys"to*tome (s?s"t?-t?m), n.
[Gr. cystotome.] (Surg.) A knife or
instrument used in cystotomy.
Cys*tot"o*my (s??s-t?t"?-m?), n.
[Gr. cystotomie.] The act or practice of opening
cysts; esp., the operation of cutting into the bladder, as for
the extraction of a calculus.
Cyth`er*e"an (s?th`?r--?"an),
a. [L. Cythereus, from
Cythera, Gr. Cerigo, an
island in the \'92gean Sea, celebrated for the worship of
Venus.] Pertaining to the goddess Venus.
Cy"to*blast (s?"t?-bl?st), n.
[Gr. -blast.]
(Biol.) The nucleus of a cell; the germinal or
active spot of a cellule, through or in which cell development
takes place.
Cy`to*blas*te"ma (-bl?s-t?"m?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) See
Protoplasm.
Cy`to*coc"cus (-k?k"k?s), n.;
pl. Cytococci (-s. [NL.,
fr. Gr.
(Biol.) The nucleus of the cytula or parent
cell.
H\'91ckel.
Cy"tode (s?"t?d), n. [Gr.
Cyst.] (Biol.) A nonnucleated mass
of protoplasm, the supposed simplest form of independent life
differing from the amoeba, in which nuclei are
present.
Cy`to*gen"e*sis (s?`t?-j?n"?-s?s),
n. [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.) Development of
cells in animal and vegetable organisms. See Gemmation,
Budding, Karyokinesis; also Cell
development, under Cell.
{ Cy`to*gen"ic (s?`t?-j?n"?k),
Cy`to*ge*net"ic (-j?-n?t"?k), }
a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to
cytogenesis or cell development.
Cy*tog"e*nous (s?-t?j"?-n?s), a.
(Anat.) Producing cells; -- applied esp. to
lymphatic, or adenoid, tissue.
Cy*tog"e*ny (-n?), n .
(Biol.) Cell production or development;
cytogenesis.
Cy"toid (s?"toid), a. [Gr.
-oid.]
(Physiol.) Cell-like; -- applied to the
corpuscles of lymph, blood, chyle, etc.
Cy"to*plasm (s?"t?-pl?z'm), n.
[Gr. (Biol.) The substance of the body of
a cell, as distinguished from the karyoplasma, or
substance of the nucleus. --
Cy`to*plas"mic (-pl,
a.
\'d8Cyt"u*la (s?t"?-l?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Biol.) The fertilized egg cell or parent cell,
from the development of which the child or other organism is
formed.
H\'91ckel.
Czar (z\'84r), n. [Russ.
tsare, fr. L. Caesar C\'91sar; cf. OPol.
czar, Pol. car. ] A king; a
chief; the title of the emperor of Russia. [Written
also tzar<-- and tsar-->.]
Cza*rev"na (z?-r?v"n?), n.
[Russ. tsarevna.] The title of the
wife of the czarowitz.
Cza*ri"na (z?-r?"n?), n. [Cf.
G. Zarin, Czarin, fem., Russ.
tsaitsa.] The title of the empress of
Russia.
Cza*rin"i*an (z?-r?n"?-an),
a. Of or pertaining to the czar or the czarina;
czarish.
Czar"ish (z?r"?sh), a. Of or
pertaining to the czar.
Czar"o*witz (z?r"?-w?ts ,
n.; pl. Czarowitzes
(-. [Russ.
tsar.] The title of the eldest son
of the czar of Russia.
Czech (ch?k; 204), n. 1.
One of the Czechs.
2. The language of the Czechs (often called
Bohemian), the harshest and richest of the Slavic
languages.
Czech"ic (ch?k"?k), a. Of or
pertaining to the Czechs. \'bdOne Czechic
realm.\'b8
The Nation.
Czechs (ch?ks), n. pl.; sing.
Czech. [Named after their chieftain,
Czech.] (Ethnol.) The most
westerly branch of the great Slavic family of nations, numbering
now more than 6,000,000, and found principally in Bohemia and
Moravia.
<-- p. 364 -->